47a7871c38
Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
55 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
55 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
# 38. Past Participles As Adjectives
|
|
|
|
> Source: [A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish (The Conclusion)](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=10646s)
|
|
|
|
Past participles in Spanish (`hablado`, `comido`, `vivido`) can act as adjectives describing the condition of a noun. As adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the noun and are typically paired with `estar`.
|
|
|
|
## Key Rules
|
|
- **Regular -ar** → drop `-ar`, add `-ado`: `hablar → hablado`.
|
|
- **Regular -er/-ir** → drop ending, add `-ido`: `comer → comido`, `vivir → vivido`.
|
|
- **-er/-ir with two vowels** require an accent on the `í`: `caer → caído`, `creer → creído`, `leer → leído`, `oír → oído`, `reír → reído`, `sonreír → sonreído`, `traer → traído`.
|
|
- **Common irregulars**: `abierto, dicho, descrito, descubierto, escrito, hecho, muerto, puesto, resuelto, roto, visto, vuelto, cubierto`.
|
|
- **As adjective**: must agree in gender/number — `cerrada, cerrados, cerradas`. Place after the noun: `la puerta cerrada`.
|
|
- **With estar**: describes a current state — `La puerta está cerrada` (it's closed right now).
|
|
- **Position**: as a regular adjective it follows the noun (`el libro abierto`).
|
|
|
|
## Conjugation / Pattern Tables
|
|
|
|
### Irregular past participles
|
|
| Infinitive | Participle | Meaning |
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
|
| abrir | abierto | opened |
|
|
| decir | dicho | said/told |
|
|
| describir | descrito | described |
|
|
| descubrir | descubierto | discovered |
|
|
| escribir | escrito | written |
|
|
| hacer | hecho | done/made |
|
|
| morir | muerto | dead |
|
|
| poner | puesto | put |
|
|
| resolver | resuelto | resolved |
|
|
| romper | roto | broken |
|
|
| ver | visto | seen |
|
|
| volver | vuelto | returned |
|
|
| cubrir | cubierto | covered |
|
|
|
|
## Examples
|
|
| Spanish | English |
|
|
|---|---|
|
|
| Yo cerré la puerta. | I closed the door. |
|
|
| La puerta está cerrada. | The door is closed. |
|
|
| La puerta cerrada. | The closed door. |
|
|
| El libro está abierto. | The book is open. |
|
|
| El libro abierto. | The open book. |
|
|
| Los textos están escritos. | The texts are written. |
|
|
| Los textos escritos. | The written texts. |
|
|
| La cama está hecha. | The bed is made. |
|
|
| El problema está resuelto. | The problem is resolved. |
|
|
| Mis respuestas están completas. | My answers are completed. |
|
|
| El día está muerto. | The day is dead. |
|
|
| El Día de los Muertos. | The Day of the Dead. |
|
|
|
|
## Notes & Gotchas
|
|
- Distinguish *I finished* (preterite: `Yo terminé`) from *I am finished* (state: `Yo estoy terminado/a`).
|
|
- Compound verb past participles do NOT agree in gender/number with `haber` — only when used as adjectives.
|
|
- Always pair condition descriptions with `estar`, not `ser` (state vs. essence).
|