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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
92 lines
3.6 KiB
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92 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# 27. Irregular Verbs in the Past — Part 1
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> Source: [video](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=6872s)
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A large group of Spanish verbs use irregular stems in the preterite. These verbs share a common set of "irregular preterite endings" — `-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -(i)eron` — but their stems shift dramatically. This chapter covers the **tuv-, uv-, pus-, duj-, ij-, j-, hic-, vin-** stem groups.
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## Key Rules
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- All these verbs share the same set of **unstressed** endings: `-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron`. (No written accents in yo/él.)
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- Verbs whose stem ends in `j` use `-eron` (not `-ieron`): `dijeron`, `trajeron`, `condujeron`.
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- The yo and él/ella forms in this group **do not carry written accents** (unlike regular preterites).
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- `Hacer` swaps `c → z` in the él form: `hizo` (to keep the soft "s" sound).
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## Conjugation / Pattern Tables
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### tener (tuv-) — to have
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| yo | tuve | nosotros | tuvimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | tuviste | vosotros | tuvisteis |
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| él | tuvo | ellos | tuvieron |
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### estar (estuv-) — to be
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| yo | estuve | nosotros | estuvimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | estuviste | vosotros | estuvisteis |
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| él | estuvo | ellos | estuvieron |
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### andar (anduv-) — to walk
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| yo | anduve | nosotros | anduvimos |
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| tú | anduviste | vosotros | anduvisteis |
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| él | anduvo | ellos | anduvieron |
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### poner (pus-) — to put
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| yo | puse | nosotros | pusimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | pusiste | vosotros | pusisteis |
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| él | puso | ellos | pusieron |
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### conducir (conduj-) — to drive
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| yo | conduje | nosotros | condujimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | condujiste | vosotros | condujisteis |
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| él | condujo | ellos | condujeron |
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### decir (dij-) — to say/tell
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| yo | dije | nosotros | dijimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | dijiste | vosotros | dijisteis |
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| él | dijo | ellos | dijeron |
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### traer (traj-) — to bring
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| yo | traje | nosotros | trajimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | trajiste | vosotros | trajisteis |
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| él | trajo | ellos | trajeron |
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### hacer (hic-/hiz-) — to do/make
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| yo | hice | nosotros | hicimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | hiciste | vosotros | hicisteis |
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| él | hizo | ellos | hicieron |
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### venir (vin-) — to come
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| yo | vine | nosotros | vinimos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| tú | viniste | vosotros | vinisteis |
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| él | vino | ellos | vinieron |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---|---|
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| Yo tuve un gato. | I had a cat. |
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| Tú tuviste que hacer tu tarea. | You had to do your homework. |
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| Estuve en Madrid con él. | I was in Madrid with him. |
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| Yo puse mi teléfono aquí. | I put my phone here. |
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| ¿Dónde pusiste mi camisa? | Where did you put my shirt? |
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| Yo te dije que voy a estar allí. | I told you I'm going to be there. |
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| Él me dijo eso ayer. | He told me that yesterday. |
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| Ellos nos dijeron que están ahí. | They told us they're there. |
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| ¿Qué hiciste ayer? | What did you do yesterday? |
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| Yo hice mi tarea. | I did my homework. |
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| Nosotros hicimos la cama. | We made the bed. |
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| Ellos hicieron un pastel para nosotros. | They made a cake for us. |
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| ¿De dónde viniste? | Where did you come from? |
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| Yo vine de mi casa. | I came from my house. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- Verbs with prefixes follow the parent verb: `detener → detuve`, `obtener → obtuve`, `proponer → propuse`, `predecir → predije`.
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- `Hacer` → `hizo` (with z) for él/ella to preserve pronunciation.
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- `Estar` in preterite is used most often for **completed presence in a location** (you went there, you came back).
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- The `j-stem` verbs (decir, traer, conducir, traducir, producir) drop the `i` in the ellos ending: **dijeron**, not "dijieron."
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