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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
71 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
71 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
# 25. Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)
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> Source: [video](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=6185s)
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The preterite (past simple) is formed by dropping the verb ending and adding preterite endings. `-er` and `-ir` verbs share the same endings — convenient! The yo and él/ella forms carry written accents.
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## Key Rules
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- Drop the infinitive ending (`-ar`, `-er`, `-ir`) and add the preterite ending.
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- `-er` and `-ir` verbs share identical preterite endings.
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- Yo and él/ella forms carry **written accents** on the final vowel: `hablé`, `habló`, `comí`, `comió`.
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- The **nosotros** form of `-ar` and `-ir` verbs is **identical to the present** — context (especially time markers like `ayer`) tells them apart.
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## Conjugation / Pattern Tables
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### Preterite endings
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| Pronoun | -ar | -er / -ir |
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|---|---|---|
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| yo | -é | -í |
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| tú | -aste | -iste |
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| él/ella | -ó | -ió |
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| nosotros | -amos | -imos |
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| vosotros | -asteis | -isteis |
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| ellos | -aron | -ieron |
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### hablar — to speak (preterite)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---|---|
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| yo | hablé |
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| tú | hablaste |
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| él/ella | habló |
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| nosotros | hablamos |
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| vosotros | hablasteis |
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| ellos | hablaron |
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### comer — to eat (preterite)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---|---|
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| yo | comí |
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| tú | comiste |
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| él/ella | comió |
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| nosotros | comimos |
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| vosotros | comisteis |
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| ellos | comieron |
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### vivir — to live (preterite)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---|---|
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| yo | viví |
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| tú | viviste |
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| él/ella | vivió |
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| nosotros | vivimos |
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| vosotros | vivisteis |
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| ellos | vivieron |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---|---|
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| Hablamos contigo ahora. | We speak with you now. (present) |
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| Hablamos con ellos ayer. | We spoke with them yesterday. (preterite) |
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| Vivimos en Las Vegas ahora. | We live in Las Vegas now. (present) |
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| Vivimos en Los Ángeles hace un año. | We lived in Los Angeles a year ago. (preterite) |
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| Yo comí pizza anoche. | I ate pizza last night. |
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| Ella escribió una carta. | She wrote a letter. |
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| Ellos trabajaron mucho. | They worked a lot. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- The preterite describes **completed** actions in the past.
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- Look for time keywords to disambiguate `nosotros` forms: `ayer`, `anoche`, `hace [time]`, `el año pasado`.
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- Accents matter: `hablo` (I speak, present) vs `habló` (he spoke, preterite).
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- This chapter covers regular verbs only — `ser`, `ir`, and many other irregulars are coming.
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