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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
72 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
72 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# 03. Conjugating Verbs (Present)
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> Source: [video link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=632s)
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The "primary fundamental" of Spanish: how regular verbs end in **-ar / -er / -ir**, and the six person-conjugations you produce by dropping the infinitive ending and adding a person-specific ending. Walks through *hablar*, *comer*, and *vivir* as the canonical models.
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## Key Rules
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- A Spanish infinitive must end in **-ar**, **-er**, or **-ir** (English infinitives are marked by the preposition "to": to eat, to walk).
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- Conjugation = drop the infinitive ending → add the person ending matching the subject pronoun.
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- Spanish has **6** person endings per tense (vs. English's 2 in the present).
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- *-er* and *-ir* share four of six endings (yo, tú, él, ellos), making the systems similar.
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- Focus first on **yo / tú / él / ellos** — these dominate everyday speech. *Nosotros* and *vosotros* matter but are less frequent.
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## Present-tense Endings
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| Pronoun | -ar | -er | -ir |
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|---------|-----|-----|-----|
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| yo | -o | -o | -o |
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| tú | -as | -es | -es |
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| él / ella / usted | -a | -e | -e |
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| nosotros/as | -amos | -emos | -imos |
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| vosotros/as | -áis | -éis | -ís |
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| ellos/as / ustedes | -an | -en | -en |
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## Conjugation: hablar (to speak)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---------|------|
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| yo | hablo |
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| tú | hablas |
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| él / ella / usted | habla |
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| nosotros/as | hablamos |
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| vosotros/as | habláis |
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| ellos/as / ustedes | hablan |
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## Conjugation: comer (to eat)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---------|------|
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| yo | como |
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| tú | comes |
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| él / ella / usted | come |
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| nosotros/as | comemos |
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| vosotros/as | coméis |
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| ellos/as / ustedes | comen |
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## Conjugation: vivir (to live)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---------|------|
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| yo | vivo |
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| tú | vives |
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| él / ella / usted | vive |
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| nosotros/as | vivimos |
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| vosotros/as | vivís |
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| ellos/as / ustedes | viven |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---------|---------|
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| Yo hablo español. | I speak Spanish. |
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| Yo hablo ruso. | I speak Russian. |
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| Yo hablo contigo. | I'm speaking with you. |
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| Como pizza. | I eat pizza. |
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| Vivimos en Madrid. | We live in Madrid. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- *Como* (I eat) is also the word for "like / as" (e.g., *como te dije ayer* — "as I told you yesterday"). Context disambiguates.
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- The pattern only covers **regular** verbs. Many useful verbs (*ser, estar, ir, tener, pensar, gustar*) are irregular or stem-changing and are covered in their own chapters.
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- Subject pronouns are often dropped because the verb ending already encodes the person.
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