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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
57 lines
2.9 KiB
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57 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# 14. The Verb "Tener"
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> Source: [A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=3158s)
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`Tener` means "to have." It's a stem-changing verb (e → ie) with an irregular `yo` form (`tengo`). It expresses possession (`tener` + noun), obligation (`tener que` + infinitive), and many "I am ___" expressions where English uses *to be* but Spanish uses *to have*.
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## Key Rules
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- `tener` is stem-changing **e → ie** in the boot forms, **and** the `yo` form is irregular: **`tengo`**.
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- `nosotros` / `vosotros` keep the regular stem (`tenemos`, `tenéis`).
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- **Possession**: `tener` + noun → *Yo tengo un perro.*
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- **Obligation** (have to): use `tener` **+ que +** infinitive → *Yo tengo que salir* ("I have to leave"). Note: it's `que`, not `a`.
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- Compare with `ir + a + infinitive` (going to do something) — both use a "preposition" before the infinitive, but `tener` uses **que** and `ir` uses **a**.
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- Many "I am ___" expressions use `tener` because they describe **having** a feeling/state, not being it: age, hunger, cold, heat, fear, thirst, luck, care.
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## Conjugation: tener (present indicative)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---------|------|
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| yo | tengo |
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| tú | tienes |
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| él / ella / usted | tiene |
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| nosotros | tenemos |
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| vosotros | tenéis |
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| ellos / ellas / ustedes | tienen |
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## "Tener" Expressions (English uses *to be*)
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| Spanish | Literal | English |
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|---------|---------|---------|
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| Yo tengo 19 años. | I have 19 years. | I am 19 years old. |
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| Yo tengo frío. | I have cold. | I am cold. |
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| Yo tengo calor. | I have heat. | I am hot. |
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| Yo tengo hambre. | I have hunger. | I am hungry. |
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| Yo tengo sed. | I have thirst. | I am thirsty. |
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| Yo tengo miedo. | I have fear. | I am afraid. |
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| Yo tengo cuidado. | I have care. | I am careful. |
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| Yo tengo suerte. | I have luck. | I am lucky. |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---------|---------|
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| Yo tengo un perro. | I have a dog. |
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| Tú tienes que pagar. | You have to pay. |
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| Él tiene un gato. | He has a cat. |
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| Nosotros tenemos una clase mañana. | We have a class tomorrow. |
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| Ellos tienen que leer los libros. | They have to read the books. |
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| Yo tengo que salir. | I have to leave. |
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| Yo tengo que hacer mi tarea. | I have to do my homework. |
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| Yo voy a hacer mi tarea. | I'm going to do my homework. (compare: ir + a) |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- The `yo` form is **`tengo`**, not "tieno" — memorize this irregular form.
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- `tener que` (not `tener a`) for obligation. The mismatch with `ir a` is one of the most common student errors.
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- `tener` expressions use **no article** before the noun: `tengo hambre`, not `tengo una hambre`.
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- To intensify a `tener` expression, use **mucho/a** (an adjective) instead of *muy*: `tengo mucha hambre` ("I'm very hungry"), never `muy hambre`.
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- Don't say `Yo soy 19 años` or `Yo estoy hambre` — those use ser/estar incorrectly. Spanish requires `tener` for these states.
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