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86 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# 49. Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)
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> Source: [A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=13867s)
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The past (imperfect) subjunctive expresses states and conditions in multi-clause sentences triggered by a W.E.I.R.D. verb in the past. It works just like the present subjunctive but shifted into the past — the main clause must be in the preterite or imperfect to activate it.
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## Key Rules
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- Trigger: a W.E.I.R.D. verb (Wish, Emotion, Impersonal opinion, Recommendation, Doubt) in the **past simple** or **imperfect**.
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- Whole sentence must sit in the past — both clauses are past tense.
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- Has **two equally valid endings**: -ra forms and -se forms (the -ra forms are far more common in speech).
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- Formation: take the **3rd person plural preterite**, drop `-ron`, then add the endings.
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- The `nosotros` form always carries an accent on the stem vowel (e.g., `habláramos`, `comiéramos`).
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## Conjugation / Pattern Tables
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### Regular -ar (hablar)
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| Pronoun | -ra form | -se form |
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|---|---|---|
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| yo | hablara | hablase |
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| tú | hablaras | hablases |
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| él/ella | hablara | hablase |
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| nosotros | habláramos | hablásemos |
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| vosotros | hablarais | hablaseis |
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| ellos | hablaran | hablasen |
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### Regular -er / -ir (comer / vivir)
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| Pronoun | comer (-ra) | vivir (-ra) |
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|---|---|---|
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| yo | comiera | viviera |
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| tú | comieras | vivieras |
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| él/ella | comiera | viviera |
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| nosotros | comiéramos | viviéramos |
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| vosotros | comierais | vivierais |
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| ellos | comieran | vivieran |
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### Common irregulars (yo / nosotros / ellos)
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| Verb | yo | nosotros | ellos |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| dar | diera | diéramos | dieran |
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| decir | dijera | dijéramos | dijeran |
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| estar | estuviera | estuviéramos | estuvieran |
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| hacer | hiciera | hiciéramos | hicieran |
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| ir / ser | fuera | fuéramos | fueran |
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| poder | pudiera | pudiéramos | pudieran |
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| saber | supiera | supiéramos | supieran |
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| tener | tuviera | tuviéramos | tuvieran |
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| venir | viniera | viniéramos | vinieran |
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| preferir | prefiriera | prefiriéramos | prefirieran |
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| dormir | durmiera | durmiéramos | durmieran |
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| conducir | condujera | condujéramos | condujeran |
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| creer | creyera | creyéramos | creyeran |
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| oír | oyera | oyéramos | oyeran |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---|---|
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| Yo quería que tú hablaras conmigo. | I wanted you to speak with me. |
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| Esperábamos que él hablara en la reunión. | We hoped that he spoke in the meeting. |
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| Ella decidió que comiéramos algo. | She decided that we eat something. |
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| Tú insististe que yo corriera por las mañanas. | You insisted that I run in the mornings. |
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| Ellos me recomendaron que yo escribiera una carta. | They recommended me to write a letter. |
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| Yo necesitaba que tú recibieras este mensaje. | I needed you to receive this message. |
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| Tú tenías miedo de que él te lo diera. | You were afraid that he gave you it. |
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| Él deseaba que dijéramos algo sobre eso. | He desired that we say something about that. |
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| Dudamos que tú estuvieras hablando. | We doubted that you were speaking. |
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| Ellos querían que tú hicieras la cama. | They wanted you to make the bed. |
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| Yo esperaba que tú fueras a la escuela. | I hoped that you went to school. |
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| Tú querías que yo fuera feliz. | You wanted me to be happy. |
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| Ella esperaba que yo pudiera encontrarlo. | She hoped that I could find it. |
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| Necesitábamos que tú lo pusieras aquí. | We needed you to put it here. |
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| Ellos dudaban que él supiera lo que era. | They doubted that he knew what it was. |
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| Era necesario que fuéramos a la escuela. | It was necessary that we go to school. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- English collapses two structures into one: "I wanted you to speak" and "I wanted that you spoke" — Spanish uses one form (`que tú hablaras`).
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- Object pronouns and `no` go **before** the conjugated subjunctive verb (`que él te lo diera`).
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- `fuera` covers both `ir` and `ser` (context disambiguates).
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- The -se forms are mostly literary/Iberian; default to -ra in conversation.
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- The past subjunctive is also the form used after `si` in contrary-to-fact conditionals (`Si yo fuera rico…`).
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