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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
43 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
43 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# 10. Demonstrative Adjectives
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> Source: [A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=2312s)
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Demonstrative adjectives point out a specific noun. Where English has only "this/that/these/those," Spanish has gendered and pluralized forms, plus a third "over there" set (`aquel`).
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## Key Rules
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- Demonstratives go **before** the noun and agree in **gender** and **number**.
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- `este/esta` = this (near speaker); `ese/esa` = that (near listener); `aquel/aquella` = that (over there, far from both).
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- Plural: `este → estos`, `esta → estas`, `ese → esos`, `esa → esas`, `aquel → aquellos`, `aquella → aquellas`.
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- The neuter forms `esto` and `eso` (and `aquello`) are used for unidentified things or general ideas: *¿Qué es esto? / Esto es para todos.*
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- **No accent** on `esta` / `estas` (those are the verb forms — `está` = is, `estás` = you are).
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## Pattern Table
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| Distance | Masc. sing. | Fem. sing. | Masc. pl. | Fem. pl. | Neuter |
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|----------|-------------|------------|-----------|----------|--------|
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| this (here) | este | esta | estos | estas | esto |
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| that (there) | ese | esa | esos | esas | eso |
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| that (over there) | aquel | aquella | aquellos | aquellas | aquello |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---------|---------|
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| este libro | this book (m sg) |
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| esta casa | this house (f sg) |
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| ese curso | that course (m sg) |
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| esa mesa | that table (f sg) |
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| estos libros | these books (m pl) |
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| estas casas | these houses (f pl) |
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| esos cursos | those courses (m pl) |
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| esas mesas | those tables (f pl) |
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| ¿Qué es esto? | What is this? |
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| ¿Qué es eso? | What is that? |
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| Esto es para todos. | This is for everybody. |
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| Eso es para todos. | That is for everybody. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- Use neuter `esto/eso/aquello` only when you don't know (or don't want to specify) what something is, or for abstract/general statements.
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- Don't put accents on `esta`/`estas` — that turns them into conjugations of `estar` (`está` = he/she is; `estás` = you are).
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- The masculine plural changes vowel: `este → estos`, `ese → esos` (not "estes" / "eses").
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- `aquel` is used less often than `este`/`ese` but is still important when contrasting distances.
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