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Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
58 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# 06. The Present Progressive
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> Source: [video link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=1399s)
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The Spanish present progressive expresses an action happening **right now** (English "I am ___ing"). It's built with conjugated **estar** + the **gerund** (gerundio) of the action verb. The verb estar gets full coverage in the next chapter — here we focus on building the gerund and using it.
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## Key Rules
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- Formula: **conjugated *estar* + gerund**.
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- **-ar verbs** → drop *-ar*, add **-ando**: *hablar → hablando*.
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- **-er / -ir verbs** → drop ending, add **-iendo**: *comer → comiendo*, *vivir → viviendo*.
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- Spelling rule: you cannot have three vowels in a row. Verbs whose stem ends in a vowel switch the *i* of *-iendo* to *y*: *leer → leyendo* (NOT *leiendo*), *traer → trayendo*, *oír → oyendo*.
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- Stem-changing **-ir** verbs change their stem in the gerund:
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- *o → u*: *dormir → durmiendo*, *morir → muriendo*.
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- *e → i*: *decir → diciendo*, *pedir → pidiendo*, *sentir → sintiendo*.
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- Subject pronoun is optional, but estar must agree with whoever is doing the action.
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## Conjugation: estar (present indicative)
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| Pronoun | Form |
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|---------|------|
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| yo | estoy |
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| tú | estás |
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| él / ella / usted | está |
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| nosotros/as | estamos |
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| vosotros/as | estáis |
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| ellos/as / ustedes | están |
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## Gerund Formation
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| Infinitive | Type | Gerund |
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|------------|------|--------|
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| hablar | -ar | hablando |
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| comer | -er | comiendo |
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| vivir | -ir | viviendo |
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| leer | -er (vowel stem) | leyendo |
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| traer | -er (vowel stem) | trayendo |
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| oír | -ir (vowel stem) | oyendo |
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| dormir | -ir (o→u) | durmiendo |
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| morir | -ir (o→u) | muriendo |
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| decir | -ir (e→i) | diciendo |
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| pedir | -ir (e→i) | pidiendo |
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## Examples
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| Spanish | English |
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|---------|---------|
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| Yo estoy hablando. | I am speaking. |
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| Yo estoy comiendo. | I am eating. |
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| Yo estoy viviendo en Madrid. | I am living in Madrid. |
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| Yo estoy leyendo un libro. | I am reading a book. |
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| Yo estoy durmiendo. | I am sleeping. |
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| Yo estoy diciendo la verdad. | I am telling the truth. |
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## Notes & Gotchas
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- Don't use the present progressive for habitual or future actions the way English does ("I'm working tomorrow"). Spanish reserves it for actions in progress at this moment.
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- Avoid common learner errors: *leiendo* → correct is *leyendo*; *dormiendo* → correct is *durmiendo*; *deciendo* → correct is *diciendo*.
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- The full rules of *estar* (uses, accents, conjugation traps) are in the next chapter.
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