47a7871c38
Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
145 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
# 22. Stem-Changing Verbs
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- **Time range:** 01:32:59 – 01:36:52 (duration 00:03:53)
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- **Source:** [A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish (The Conclusion)](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=5579s)
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---
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> **[on-screen 01:32:59]**
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> Stem-Changing Verbs Verbs that change their beginning prefix/stem to generate a better sound when the words are said
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**[01:33:00]** verbs that change their beginning prefix or stem to generate a better sound when the words are said in Spanish there are four types of stem changing verbs and in the video I will not explain all stem changing verbs that exist in Spanish but rather present a useful verb in each category so that you can understand how stem changing Works in Spanish and then apply to any other verb that you want in that category the four main types of
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> **[on-screen 01:33:18]**
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> 4 Types of Stem-Changing Verbs In Spanish: 1.e ie 2.e>1 3.07>ue 4.u>ue
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**[01:33:18]** same- changing verbs in Spanish are e to E e to e o to u e and U to u e considering e to e e as the first category of stem changing verbs in Spanish I actually already covered a verb like that in one of my previous videos and that is the verb ten however
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> **[on-screen 01:33:34]**
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> tener (e > ie) - to have tengo tenemos tienes tenéis tiene tienen
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**[01:33:35]** for the sake of learning let's use a different useful verb like empar which
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> **[on-screen 01:33:38]**
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> empezar (e > ie) - to start
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**[01:33:38]** means to start or to begin at first the stem changing rule will only apply in the yo to L and AOS pronouns and will not apply in the noos and votos pronouns you would want to say something like yo
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> **[on-screen 01:33:49]**
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> empezar (e > ie) - to start empezo
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**[01:33:49]** and peso but Spanish say that this word sounds bad one said so instead you have to slightly modify the stem of the verb from empo to Yo which means I start and
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> **[on-screen 01:33:57]**
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> empezar (e > ie) - to start empiezo
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**[01:33:58]** the stem changing concept applies to the
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> **[on-screen 01:33:59]**
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> empezar (e > ie) - to start empiezo | empezamos empiezas | empezais empieza | empiezan
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**[01:34:00]** rest of the pronouns aside from noos and Vos to msas you start LSA he starts no we start start and they start as always try
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> **[on-screen 01:34:15]**
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> empezar (e > ie) - to start empiezo | empezamOs VA empiezas emp zais A empieza | empiez
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**[01:34:15]** not focusing on these pronouns because they're not that useful in conversation and like I said at the beginning of the video it's important to know how stem changing work in Spanish but it's not important to know every single stem changing verb like Nar which changes from E to e if you see a modified verb that goes from E to e chances are that it's stem changing next up there are verbs that change their stem from E to e
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> **[on-screen 01:34:35]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say
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**[01:34:35]** like the which is a useful verb meaning to say the SE is actually considered to be irregular in the yo pronoun with the construction Yodo but as far as the rest
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> **[on-screen 01:34:41]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say digo
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**[01:34:42]** of the pronouns go the SE still applies it stem changing rule for two L and AOS you would want to say two Des but
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> **[on-screen 01:34:48]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say digo deces
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**[01:34:49]** Spanish says that this verb sounds bad when said so instead you have to say to
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> **[on-screen 01:34:53]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say digo dices
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**[01:34:53]** D which means you say El he says
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> **[on-screen 01:34:55]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say digo | decimos dices | decis dice | dicen
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**[01:34:57]** noos we sayos deis y say and AOS desent they say try not focusing on these
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> **[on-screen 01:35:03]**
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> decir (e > i) - to say digo | decimos dices Cc dice | dicen
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**[01:35:04]** pronouns because they're not that useful in conversation but in case you see any other verb that changes from E to e chances are it's time changing next up there are verbs that change from o to U and I actually covered a useful verb like that in one of my previous videos which is p but for the sake of learning
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> **[on-screen 01:35:17]**
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> poder (0 > ue) - to can/be able to puedo | podemos puedes | podéis puede | pueden
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**[01:35:18]** let's use a different useful verb like record which which means to remember
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> **[on-screen 01:35:21]**
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> recordar (o > ue) - to remember
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**[01:35:22]** instead of saying yo you need to Sayo
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> **[on-screen 01:35:23]**
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> recordar (0 > ue) - to remember recordo
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> **[on-screen 01:35:25]**
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> recordar (o > ue) - to remember recuerdo
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**[01:35:25]** which sounds better when said and the same concept applies to the rest of the
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> **[on-screen 01:35:27]**
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> recordar (o > ue) - to remember recuerdo | recordamos recuerdas| recordais recuerda | recuerdan
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**[01:35:28]** pronouns toas you remember El he remembers we remember y'all remember and AOS they remember try not focusing on these
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> **[on-screen 01:35:41]**
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> recordar (o > ue) - to remember recuerdo | recordam6s VA recuerdas| reco} ais A recuerda | recuerdan
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**[01:35:41]** pronouns because they're not that useful in conversation but if you see a verb with u in it chances are it's stem changing and finally there's one last type of a stem changing verb in Spanish and as far as I know it's the only verb in Spanish that changes from U to U and that is the verb hug which means to play
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> **[on-screen 01:35:55]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play
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**[01:35:56]** instead of saying Yugo you need to say
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> **[on-screen 01:35:57]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play jugo
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**[01:35:58]** yo and one thing to note about both of
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> **[on-screen 01:35:59]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play juego
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**[01:36:00]** these words is that the word Hugo on its own actually means juice and so it makes sense why it needs to be modified so that it's not confused with this word however the word huego on its own can
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> **[on-screen 01:36:09]**
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> jugo > juice juego > game
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**[01:36:11]** also mean game as in video huego which
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> **[on-screen 01:36:13]**
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> jugo > juice videojuego > videogame
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**[01:36:13]** means video game but the wordo itself changes its meaning in context and with
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> **[on-screen 01:36:18]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play juego
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**[01:36:18]** the verb hugar the stem changing rule
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> **[on-screen 01:36:19]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play juego | jugamos juegas | jugais juega | juegan
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**[01:36:19]** will only apply for the yo to El and AOS pronouns toas you play El he plays we play Vos H y'all play and AOS huan they play try not focusing on these
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> **[on-screen 01:36:33]**
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> jugar (u > ue) - to play juego | jugam juegas juega ega
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**[01:36:34]** pronouns because like I say all the time they're not useful in conversation what you should have known from this video is how to systematically modify stem changing verbs in Spanish so that you can understand how words sound better when they're said out loud of course learning all stem changing verbs in Spanish is completely redundant but it's very useful to understand how every type of stem changing verb works in Spanish
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