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Trey t 47a7871c38 Add 13 new grammar notes with 1010 exercises from video extraction

Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on
14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and
generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic.

- 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives,
  greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo,
  stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present
  indicative conjugation)
- 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing)
- Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks
- Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect,
  subj future) with numbered usage format
- Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade
- Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes,
  structured JSON, and exercise data

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-04-16 08:40:05 -05:00

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29. Reflexive Verbs

Source: A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish (The Conclusion)

Reflexive verbs in Spanish are verbs whose action is applied to oneself. A useful way to think of them is that the English equivalent often follows a preposition (wash → wash up, sit → sit down, go → go away). The infinitive ends in -se (lavar → lavarse), and a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) is placed before the conjugated verb.

Key Rules

Drop -se and conjugate the base verb normally; add the matching reflexive pronoun in front.
Pronouns: me, te, se, nos, os, se.
In the present progressive, the pronoun usually goes before estar (Te estás lavando), or attached to the gerund (Estás lavándote — accent required).
The reflexive form often shifts meaning, mirroring English particle verbs (give vs. give up).
Works in every tense; just conjugate the base verb in that tense and keep the pronoun.

Conjugation / Pattern Tables

Reflexive pronouns

Subject	Pronoun
yo	me
tú	te
él/ella/usted	se
nosotros	nos
vosotros	os
ellos/ellas/ustedes	se

Lavarse — present

Subject	Form
yo	me lavo
tú	te lavas
él/ella	se lava
nosotros	nos lavamos
vosotros	os laváis
ellos	se lavan

Examples

Spanish	English
Yo lavo el coche.	I wash the car.
Yo me lavo las manos.	I wash up my hands.
Tú te estás lavando.	You are washing up.
Estás lavándote.	You are washing up.
Él se lavó.	He washed up.
Yo me baño.	I take a bath.
Tú te levantaste.	You got up.
Él se despertó.	He woke up.
Yo me duermo.	I fall asleep.
Yo me voy.	I leave / I go away.
Yo me pongo.	I put (something) on / put down.
Yo me siento.	I sit down.
¿Cómo te llamas?	What is your name? (lit. How do you call yourself?)
Me llamo Alex.	My name is Alex.

Notes & Gotchas

Don't say Me llamo es Alex or Yo llamo Alex; the verb itself contains "call oneself".
Sentarse is also stem-changing: yo me siento, tú te sientas.
Ponerse is irregular in yo: yo me pongo.
In a present-progressive sentence, attaching the pronoun to the gerund requires a written accent (lavándote, not lavandote).

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