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Trey t 47a7871c38 Add 13 new grammar notes with 1010 exercises from video extraction

Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on
14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and
generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic.

- 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives,
  greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo,
  stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present
  indicative conjugation)
- 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing)
- Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks
- Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect,
  subj future) with numbered usage format
- Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade
- Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes,
  structured JSON, and exercise data

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-04-16 08:40:05 -05:00

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03. Conjugating Verbs (Present)

Source: video link

The "primary fundamental" of Spanish: how regular verbs end in -ar / -er / -ir, and the six person-conjugations you produce by dropping the infinitive ending and adding a person-specific ending. Walks through hablar, comer, and vivir as the canonical models.

Key Rules

A Spanish infinitive must end in -ar, -er, or -ir (English infinitives are marked by the preposition "to": to eat, to walk).
Conjugation = drop the infinitive ending → add the person ending matching the subject pronoun.
Spanish has 6 person endings per tense (vs. English's 2 in the present).
-er and -ir share four of six endings (yo, tú, él, ellos), making the systems similar.
Focus first on yo / tú / él / ellos — these dominate everyday speech. Nosotros and vosotros matter but are less frequent.

Present-tense Endings

Pronoun	-ar	-er	-ir
yo	-o	-o	-o
tú	-as	-es	-es
él / ella / usted	-a	-e	-e
nosotros/as	-amos	-emos	-imos
vosotros/as	-áis	-éis	-ís
ellos/as / ustedes	-an	-en	-en

Conjugation: hablar (to speak)

Pronoun	Form
yo	hablo
tú	hablas
él / ella / usted	habla
nosotros/as	hablamos
vosotros/as	habláis
ellos/as / ustedes	hablan

Conjugation: comer (to eat)

Pronoun	Form
yo	como
tú	comes
él / ella / usted	come
nosotros/as	comemos
vosotros/as	coméis
ellos/as / ustedes	comen

Conjugation: vivir (to live)

Pronoun	Form
yo	vivo
tú	vives
él / ella / usted	vive
nosotros/as	vivimos
vosotros/as	vivís
ellos/as / ustedes	viven

Examples

Spanish	English
Yo hablo español.	I speak Spanish.
Yo hablo ruso.	I speak Russian.
Yo hablo contigo.	I'm speaking with you.
Como pizza.	I eat pizza.
Vivimos en Madrid.	We live in Madrid.

Notes & Gotchas

Como (I eat) is also the word for "like / as" (e.g., como te dije ayer — "as I told you yesterday"). Context disambiguates.
The pattern only covers regular verbs. Many useful verbs (ser, estar, ir, tener, pensar, gustar) are irregular or stem-changing and are covered in their own chapters.
Subject pronouns are often dropped because the verb ending already encodes the person.

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