Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/43-conditional-tense.json

{
  "chapter_id": "43",
  "slug": "conditional-tense",
  "title": "Conditional Tense",
  "time_range_sec": [11805, 12051],
  "summary": "The conditional tense expresses what one would do or what would happen. Formed by adding -ía endings to the infinitive; same irregular stems as the future tense.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "conditional-if-clauses",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Formation",
      "bullets": [
        "Add endings directly to the infinitive (no stem change for regulars).",
        "Endings are the same for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.",
        "All forms carry an accent on the í."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Irregular stems",
      "bullets": [
        "Same irregular stems as the future tense.",
        "decir → dir-, hacer → har-, poder → podr-, poner → pondr-, querer → querr-, saber → sabr-, salir → saldr-, tener → tendr-, venir → vendr-."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Usage",
      "bullets": [
        "Polite requests with poder: ¿Podrías…? = Could you…?",
        "Pairs with si + past subjunctive in hypothetical clauses.",
        "Object pronouns go before the conjugated verb or attach to an infinitive."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "¿Irías conmigo?", "en": "Would you go with me?", "tags": ["question", "ir"]},
    {"es": "Sí, yo iría contigo.", "en": "Yes, I would go with you.", "tags": ["ir"]},
    {"es": "¿Compraría él ese auto?", "en": "Would he buy that car?", "tags": ["question"]},
    {"es": "¿Vivirían ellos en esta región?", "en": "Would they live in this region?", "tags": ["question"]},
    {"es": "Querríamos un plato, por favor.", "en": "We would want a plate, please.", "tags": ["polite", "irregular"]},
    {"es": "Tú dirías que esta lección es buena.", "en": "You would say that this lesson is good.", "tags": ["irregular"]},
    {"es": "Sin ti, yo no sé qué yo haría.", "en": "Without you, I don't know what I would do.", "tags": ["irregular"]},
    {"es": "¿Podrías abrir la ventana?", "en": "Could you open the window?", "tags": ["polite", "poder"]},
    {"es": "No, yo no podría abrirla.", "en": "No, I could not open it.", "tags": ["DOP", "infinitive"]},
    {"es": "¿Me lo podrías dar?", "en": "Could you give it to me?", "tags": ["DOP", "IOP"]},
    {"es": "Me bañaría.", "en": "I would take a bath.", "tags": ["reflexive"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "podría", "en": "could (polite)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "tendría", "en": "would have", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "querría", "en": "would want", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "haría", "en": "would do/make", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "diría", "en": "would say", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "saldría", "en": "would leave", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "vendría", "en": "would come", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "pondría", "en": "would put", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "sabría", "en": "would know", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "hablar",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "hablaría", "tu": "hablarías", "el": "hablaría", "nosotros": "hablaríamos", "vosotros": "hablaríais", "ellos": "hablarían"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "comer",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "comería", "tu": "comerías", "el": "comería", "nosotros": "comeríamos", "vosotros": "comeríais", "ellos": "comerían"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "vivir",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "viviría", "tu": "vivirías", "el": "viviría", "nosotros": "viviríamos", "vosotros": "viviríais", "ellos": "vivirían"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "tener",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "tendría", "tu": "tendrías", "el": "tendría", "nosotros": "tendríamos", "vosotros": "tendríais", "ellos": "tendrían"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "poder",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "podría", "tu": "podrías", "el": "podría", "nosotros": "podríamos", "vosotros": "podríais", "ellos": "podrían"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "decir",
      "tense_id": "cond_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "diría", "tu": "dirías", "el": "diría", "nosotros": "diríamos", "vosotros": "diríais", "ellos": "dirían"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "¿_____ tú abrir la ventana, por favor?", "correct": "Podrías", "distractor": "Puedes", "explanation": "Conditional of poder for a polite request."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ contigo si tuviera tiempo.", "correct": "iría", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Hypothetical → conditional of ir."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ un plato, por favor.", "correct": "querríamos", "distractor": "queremos", "explanation": "Polite request uses conditional of querer (note double rr)."},
    {"sentence": "Sin ti, yo no sé qué yo _____.", "correct": "haría", "distractor": "hacía", "explanation": "Conditional of hacer (irregular stem har-)."},
    {"sentence": "Ella _____ la verdad.", "correct": "diría", "distractor": "decía", "explanation": "Conditional of decir uses irregular stem dir-."},
    {"sentence": "¿_____ ellos en esta región?", "correct": "Vivirían", "distractor": "Vivían", "explanation": "Conditional, not imperfect — would they live."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ ese coche si fuera barato.", "correct": "compraría", "distractor": "compré", "explanation": "Hypothetical 'would buy' is conditional."},
    {"sentence": "Tú _____ más amigos en una ciudad nueva.", "correct": "tendrías", "distractor": "tienes", "explanation": "Conditional of tener uses stem tendr-."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR garbled accents and verb forms (e.g., 'la lamos' for 'íamos', 'P' for 'poder'). Reconstructed using standard conditional paradigm."
}