Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/50-present-perfect-subjunctive.json

{
  "chapter_id": "50",
  "slug": "present-perfect-subjunctive",
  "title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive",
  "time_range_sec": [14313, 14549],
  "summary": "The present perfect subjunctive (haya/hayas/etc. + past participle) expresses what has happened in the subjunctive form, triggered by the same W.E.I.R.D. conditions as the present subjunctive. The whole sentence stays in the present.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "subjunctive-triggers",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Formation",
      "bullets": [
        "Present subjunctive of haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan) + past participle.",
        "Past participle is invariable here — does not agree with subject."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "When to use",
      "bullets": [
        "Same W.E.I.R.D. triggers as the present subjunctive (Wish, Emotion, Impersonal, Recommendation, Doubt).",
        "Both clauses must be in the present — main clause in present indicative.",
        "Refers to a past/completed action evaluated from the present moment."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Word order",
      "bullets": [
        "haber + past participle cannot be split.",
        "Negatives and object pronouns sit BEFORE the haya- form: 'que no me lo hayan dado'."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo espero que tú hayas dormido bien.", "en": "I hope that you have slept well.", "tags": ["esperar-trigger"]},
    {"es": "Yo estoy feliz de que él haya dicho la verdad.", "en": "I am happy that he has told the truth.", "tags": ["emotion", "irregular-pp"]},
    {"es": "No creemos que tú hayas comido mucho.", "en": "We don't believe that you have eaten a lot.", "tags": ["doubt"]},
    {"es": "Es posible que hayamos hecho algo malo.", "en": "It's possible that we have done something bad.", "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular-pp"]},
    {"es": "Es imposible que ellos hayan escrito un libro.", "en": "It's impossible that they have written a book.", "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular-pp"]},
    {"es": "Yo espero que tú hayas resuelto el problema.", "en": "I hope that you have resolved the problem.", "tags": ["irregular-pp"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que él haya estudiado para la prueba.", "en": "You hope that he has studied for the test.", "tags": ["esperar-trigger"]},
    {"es": "Es triste que él no lo haya pasado.", "en": "It's sad that he has not passed it.", "tags": ["emotion", "object-pronoun"]},
    {"es": "Ella duda que hayamos venido tan rápido.", "en": "She doubts that we have come so fast.", "tags": ["doubt"]},
    {"es": "Ellos están preocupados de que tú los hayas visto.", "en": "They are worried that you have seen them.", "tags": ["emotion", "irregular-pp"]},
    {"es": "Es una lástima que ellos no me lo hayan dado.", "en": "It's a shame that they have not given it to me.", "tags": ["impersonal", "double-pronouns"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "haber", "en": "to have (auxiliary)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "verdad", "en": "truth", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "prueba", "en": "test", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "lástima", "en": "shame/pity", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "resolver", "en": "to resolve", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "estar preocupado", "en": "to be worried", "pos": "phrase"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "haber",
      "tense_id": "subj_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya", "tu": "hayas", "el": "haya", "nosotros": "hayamos", "vosotros": "hayáis", "ellos": "hayan"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "hablar",
      "tense_id": "subj_perfecto",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya hablado", "tu": "hayas hablado", "el": "haya hablado", "nosotros": "hayamos hablado", "vosotros": "hayáis hablado", "ellos": "hayan hablado"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "comer",
      "tense_id": "subj_perfecto",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya comido", "tu": "hayas comido", "el": "haya comido", "nosotros": "hayamos comido", "vosotros": "hayáis comido", "ellos": "hayan comido"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "vivir",
      "tense_id": "subj_perfecto",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya vivido", "tu": "hayas vivido", "el": "haya vivido", "nosotros": "hayamos vivido", "vosotros": "hayáis vivido", "ellos": "hayan vivido"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "decir",
      "tense_id": "subj_perfecto",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya dicho", "tu": "hayas dicho", "el": "haya dicho", "nosotros": "hayamos dicho", "vosotros": "hayáis dicho", "ellos": "hayan dicho"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "hacer",
      "tense_id": "subj_perfecto",
      "forms": {"yo": "haya hecho", "tu": "hayas hecho", "el": "haya hecho", "nosotros": "hayamos hecho", "vosotros": "hayáis hecho", "ellos": "hayan hecho"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Yo espero que tú _____ dormido bien.", "correct": "hayas", "distractor": "has", "explanation": "Esperar triggers subjunctive; haber must be in present subjunctive (hayas)."},
    {"sentence": "Es posible que nosotros _____ hecho algo malo.", "correct": "hayamos", "distractor": "hemos", "explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive form of haber."},
    {"sentence": "No creemos que tú hayas _____ mucho.", "correct": "comido", "distractor": "comer", "explanation": "After haya- forms you need a past participle, not an infinitive."},
    {"sentence": "Es triste que él no lo _____ pasado.", "correct": "haya", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "Emotion (es triste) triggers subjunctive; the object pronoun lo goes before haya."},
    {"sentence": "Es imposible que ellos hayan _____ un libro.", "correct": "escrito", "distractor": "escribido", "explanation": "Escribir has the irregular past participle escrito."},
    {"sentence": "Es una lástima que ellos no me lo _____ dado.", "correct": "hayan", "distractor": "han", "explanation": "Impersonal triggers subjunctive; both pronouns precede the haber form."},
    {"sentence": "Ella duda que nosotros _____ venido tan rápido.", "correct": "hayamos", "distractor": "habíamos", "explanation": "Dudar triggers subjunctive in the present, not the past — use hayamos."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR repeatedly dropped/garbled letters in 'haya/hayas/haber' and verb forms (e.g., 'a' for haya, 'Doro' for dormido); reconstructed from standard forms."
}