Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/48-examples-in-the-present-subjunctive.json

{
  "chapter_id": "48",
  "slug": "examples-in-the-present-subjunctive",
  "title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive",
  "time_range_sec": [13473, 13867],
  "summary": "Practice sentences using one verb from each WEIRD category — querer, esperar, desear, recomendar, dudar — plus impersonal expressions, all triggering the present subjunctive in the second clause.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "subjunctive-triggers",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Sentence pattern",
      "bullets": [
        "[WEIRD verb in indicative] + que + [new subject] + [verb in present subjunctive].",
        "Same-subject sentences drop que and use the infinitive: 'Quiero estudiar' (not 'que yo estudie').",
        "English often translates with an infinitive: 'Yo quiero que tú estudies' = 'I want you to study.'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Object pronouns",
      "bullets": [
        "Object pronouns can attach to the infinitive (hacerlo) or precede the conjugated subjunctive verb (que tú lo hagas).",
        "Indirect object pronouns commonly appear with recommendation verbs: 'Te recomendamos que…'"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo quiero que tú estudies español.", "en": "I want you to study Spanish.", "tags": ["querer", "Will"]},
    {"es": "Yo quiero que él lo use.", "en": "I want him to use it.", "tags": ["querer", "DOP"]},
    {"es": "Yo quiero que ellos ganen el juego.", "en": "I want them to win the game.", "tags": ["querer"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que yo compre el libro.", "en": "You hope I buy the book.", "tags": ["esperar", "Emotion"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que él coma su comida.", "en": "You hope he eats his food.", "tags": ["esperar"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que ellos lean algunos libros.", "en": "You hope they read some books.", "tags": ["esperar"]},
    {"es": "Ella desea que tú lo compartas con ella.", "en": "She wishes you would share it with her.", "tags": ["desear", "Influence"]},
    {"es": "Ella desea que escribamos más.", "en": "She wishes we would write more.", "tags": ["desear"]},
    {"es": "Te recomendamos que tú conduzcas este coche.", "en": "We recommend you drive this car.", "tags": ["recomendar", "Recommendation", "irregular-yo"]},
    {"es": "A él le recomendamos que él conduzca con seguridad.", "en": "We recommend he drive safely.", "tags": ["recomendar"]},
    {"es": "Ellos dudan que él diga mucho.", "en": "They doubt he says much.", "tags": ["dudar", "Doubt"]},
    {"es": "Ellos dudan que tú les digas eso.", "en": "They doubt you tell them that.", "tags": ["dudar", "IOP"]},
    {"es": "Yo quiero que tú lo hagas.", "en": "I want you to do it.", "tags": ["querer", "irregular-yo"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que tengamos lo que tú necesitas.", "en": "You hope we have what you need.", "tags": ["esperar", "lo-que"]},
    {"es": "Ella desea que tú vengas ahora mismo.", "en": "She wishes you would come right now.", "tags": ["desear"]},
    {"es": "Yo quiero que él juegue con sus amigos.", "en": "I want him to play with his friends.", "tags": ["querer", "spelling"]},
    {"es": "Yo quiero que tú analices esta frase.", "en": "I want you to analyze this phrase.", "tags": ["querer", "spelling"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que yo pueda hacerlo.", "en": "You hope I can do it.", "tags": ["esperar", "stem-change"]},
    {"es": "Tú esperas que yo te entienda.", "en": "You hope I understand you.", "tags": ["esperar", "stem-change"]},
    {"es": "Es necesario que estemos aquí.", "en": "It's necessary that we be here.", "tags": ["impersonal", "estar"]},
    {"es": "Es importante que tú me lo des ahora.", "en": "It's important that you give it to me now.", "tags": ["impersonal", "dar"]},
    {"es": "Es bueno que ella sea feliz.", "en": "It's good that she's happy.", "tags": ["impersonal", "ser"]},
    {"es": "Es malo que yo sepa lo que es.", "en": "It's bad that I know what it is.", "tags": ["impersonal", "saber"]},
    {"es": "Es triste que ellos vayan sin decir adiós.", "en": "It's sad that they leave without saying goodbye.", "tags": ["impersonal", "ir"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "compartir", "en": "to share", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "conducir", "en": "to drive", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "ahora mismo", "en": "right now", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "los fines de semana", "en": "on the weekends", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "todos los días", "en": "every day", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "algo más", "en": "something else", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "decir adiós", "en": "to say goodbye", "pos": "phrase"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "querer",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "quiero", "tu": "quieres", "el": "quiere", "nosotros": "queremos", "vosotros": "queréis", "ellos": "quieren"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "esperar",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "espero", "tu": "esperas", "el": "espera", "nosotros": "esperamos", "vosotros": "esperáis", "ellos": "esperan"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "dudar",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "dudo", "tu": "dudas", "el": "duda", "nosotros": "dudamos", "vosotros": "dudáis", "ellos": "dudan"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Yo quiero que tú _____ español. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudies", "distractor": "estudias", "explanation": "querer + que + new subject triggers present subjunctive."},
    {"sentence": "Tú esperas que yo _____ el libro. (comprar)", "correct": "compre", "distractor": "compro", "explanation": "esperar (Emotion) triggers subjunctive; -ar takes -e."},
    {"sentence": "Ella desea que nosotros _____ más. (escribir)", "correct": "escribamos", "distractor": "escribimos", "explanation": "-ir verb in subjunctive takes -a endings."},
    {"sentence": "Te recomendamos que tú _____ este coche. (conducir)", "correct": "conduzcas", "distractor": "conduces", "explanation": "Irregular yo: conduzco → conduzcas."},
    {"sentence": "Ellos dudan que él _____ mucho. (decir)", "correct": "diga", "distractor": "dice", "explanation": "Irregular yo: digo → diga."},
    {"sentence": "Es necesario que nosotros _____ aquí. (estar)", "correct": "estemos", "distractor": "estamos", "explanation": "Impersonal trigger; estar → estemos in nosotros."},
    {"sentence": "Es bueno que ella _____ feliz. (ser)", "correct": "sea", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive; ser → sea."},
    {"sentence": "Es triste que ellos _____ sin decir adiós. (ir)", "correct": "vayan", "distractor": "van", "explanation": "ir is fully irregular: vayan."},
    {"sentence": "Yo quiero que él _____ con sus amigos. (jugar)", "correct": "juegue", "distractor": "juega", "explanation": "Stem change u→ue plus -gar spelling change to gu."},
    {"sentence": "Es importante que tú me lo _____ ahora. (dar)", "correct": "des", "distractor": "das", "explanation": "dar is fully irregular: dé, des, dé…"}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR scrambled subjunctive forms throughout (e.g., 'juezuen' for 'jueguen', 'Estus' for 'estudies', 'adiés' for 'adiós'). Reconstructed using standard subjunctive forms; one OCR error 'juezuen' should be 'jueguen' for ellos plays."
}