Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/41-future-tense.json

{
  "chapter_id": "41",
  "slug": "future-tense",
  "title": "Future Tense",
  "time_range_sec": [11381, 11647],
  "summary": "The simple future expresses what will happen. Spanish keeps the full infinitive and adds endings -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án, the same set for all three verb classes.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "future-vs-ir-a",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Regular formation",
      "bullets": [
        "Take the infinitive (do not drop the ending) and add: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.",
        "All endings have an accent EXCEPT nosotros (-emos).",
        "Same endings for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Irregular stems (same endings)",
      "bullets": [
        "decir → dir-, hacer → har-, poder → podr-, poner → pondr-, querer → querr-, saber → sabr-, salir → saldr-, tener → tendr-, venir → vendr-, haber → habr-."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Pronouns and alternative",
      "bullets": [
        "Object pronouns and 'no' precede the conjugated future verb (Yo te lo daré).",
        "Near-future alternative: 'ir a + infinitive' (Voy a comer) is more common in conversation.",
        "Use tener for ages: Él tendrá 30 años."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo haré mi tarea.", "en": "I will do my homework.", "tags": ["irregular-stem"]},
    {"es": "Tú comprarás una casa en el futuro.", "en": "You will buy a house in the future.", "tags": ["regular"]},
    {"es": "Él tendrá 30 años.", "en": "He will be 30 years old.", "tags": ["tener", "age"]},
    {"es": "Nosotros aprenderemos español mañana.", "en": "We will learn Spanish tomorrow.", "tags": ["regular", "nosotros"]},
    {"es": "Ellos vendrán si quieren.", "en": "They will come if they want.", "tags": ["irregular-stem"]},
    {"es": "Yo te lo daré.", "en": "I will give it to you.", "tags": ["pronouns"]},
    {"es": "Él se bañará.", "en": "He will take a bath.", "tags": ["reflexive"]},
    {"es": "¿Qué harás mañana?", "en": "What will you do tomorrow?", "tags": ["question", "irregular"]},
    {"es": "Nosotros saldremos pronto.", "en": "We will leave soon.", "tags": ["irregular-stem"]},
    {"es": "Yo iré a la escuela.", "en": "I will go to the school.", "tags": ["ir"]},
    {"es": "Yo voy a ir a la escuela.", "en": "I am going to go to the school.", "tags": ["ir-a", "alternative"]},
    {"es": "Ella caminará.", "en": "She will walk.", "tags": ["regular"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "mañana", "en": "tomorrow / morning", "pos": "adv"},
    {"es": "futuro", "en": "future", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "tarea", "en": "task / homework", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "comprar", "en": "to buy", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "aprender", "en": "to learn", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "hablar",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "hablaré", "tu": "hablarás", "el": "hablará", "nosotros": "hablaremos", "vosotros": "hablaréis", "ellos": "hablarán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "comer",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "comeré", "tu": "comerás", "el": "comerá", "nosotros": "comeremos", "vosotros": "comeréis", "ellos": "comerán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "vivir",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "viviré", "tu": "vivirás", "el": "vivirá", "nosotros": "viviremos", "vosotros": "viviréis", "ellos": "vivirán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "tener",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "tendré", "tu": "tendrás", "el": "tendrá", "nosotros": "tendremos", "vosotros": "tendréis", "ellos": "tendrán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "hacer",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "haré", "tu": "harás", "el": "hará", "nosotros": "haremos", "vosotros": "haréis", "ellos": "harán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "decir",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "diré", "tu": "dirás", "el": "dirá", "nosotros": "diremos", "vosotros": "diréis", "ellos": "dirán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "poder",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "podré", "tu": "podrás", "el": "podrá", "nosotros": "podremos", "vosotros": "podréis", "ellos": "podrán"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "salir",
      "tense_id": "ind_futuro",
      "forms": {"yo": "saldré", "tu": "saldrás", "el": "saldrá", "nosotros": "saldremos", "vosotros": "saldréis", "ellos": "saldrán"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ al cine. (ir)", "correct": "iré", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Future of ir (yo): iré."},
    {"sentence": "Tú _____ una casa. (comprar)", "correct": "comprarás", "distractor": "compraras", "explanation": "Tú future ending is -ás (with accent)."},
    {"sentence": "Él _____ 30 años. (tener)", "correct": "tendrá", "distractor": "tenerá", "explanation": "Tener uses irregular stem 'tendr-'."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ español. (aprender)", "correct": "aprenderemos", "distractor": "aprenderémos", "explanation": "Nosotros future has NO accent."},
    {"sentence": "Ellos _____ si quieren. (venir)", "correct": "vendrán", "distractor": "venirán", "explanation": "Venir uses irregular stem 'vendr-'."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ mi tarea. (hacer)", "correct": "haré", "distractor": "haceré", "explanation": "Hacer uses irregular stem 'har-'."},
    {"sentence": "Yo te lo _____ mañana. (dar)", "correct": "daré", "distractor": "doy", "explanation": "Future yo of dar is daré."},
    {"sentence": "Equivalent: 'I'm going to go' = Yo _____ a ir.", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "iré", "explanation": "ir a + infinitive uses present 'voy'."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR scrambled stems ('Trias', 'sa to know'). Reconstructed full irregular stem set per standard Spanish."
}