Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/37-nosotros-commands.json

{
  "chapter_id": "37",
  "slug": "nosotros-commands",
  "title": "Nosotros Commands",
  "time_range_sec": [10250, 10646],
  "summary": "Nosotros commands express 'Let's …'. Form by switching the present-tense vowel: -ar → -emos, -er/-ir → -amos. Same form is used for affirmative and negative; reflexive verbs drop the final -s before nos.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "commands-imperative",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Regular nosotros commands",
      "bullets": [
        "-ar: present 'amos' becomes 'emos' (hablamos → hablemos).",
        "-er/-ir: present 'emos/imos' becomes 'amos' (comemos → comamos, abrimos → abramos).",
        "Negative is the same form preceded by 'no'."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Spelling and stem changes",
      "bullets": [
        "-car/-gar/-zar: practicar→practiquemos, jugar→juguemos, organizar→organicemos.",
        "Only -ir stem-changers change in nosotros, and only by ONE letter: dormir→durmamos, sentir→sintamos, pedir→pidamos."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Common irregulars",
      "bullets": [
        "conduzcamos, digamos, hagamos, oigamos, tengamos, traigamos, vengamos, veamos, demos, seamos, estemos, sepamos."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Object pronouns",
      "bullets": [
        "Affirmative: attach to verb with accent (abramos+lo → abrámoslo, comprémoslos, llevémoselo).",
        "Negative: pronouns separate before the verb (no lo abramos, no los compremos, no te lo llevemos)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Reflexive verbs and 'ir'",
      "bullets": [
        "Drop the final -s of the verb before attaching nos: sentémonos, bañémonos.",
        "Same -s drop happens before se (IOP): démoselo (not démosselo).",
        "ir: 'let's go' = vamos (informal) or vayamos (formal). 'Let's go out' = vámonos. Negative uses 'no nos vayamos'."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Hablemos español.", "en": "Let's speak Spanish.", "tags": ["regular"]},
    {"es": "No comamos ahora.", "en": "Let's not eat now.", "tags": ["negative"]},
    {"es": "Practiquemos juntos.", "en": "Let's practice together.", "tags": ["spell-change"]},
    {"es": "Durmamos un poco.", "en": "Let's sleep a bit.", "tags": ["stem-change"]},
    {"es": "Abrámoslo.", "en": "Let's open it.", "tags": ["pronouns"]},
    {"es": "No lo abramos.", "en": "Let's not open it.", "tags": ["pronouns", "negative"]},
    {"es": "Comprémoslos.", "en": "Let's buy them.", "tags": ["pronouns"]},
    {"es": "Llevémoselo.", "en": "Let's bring it to him/her.", "tags": ["pronouns", "double"]},
    {"es": "Sentémonos.", "en": "Let's sit down.", "tags": ["reflexive", "s-drop"]},
    {"es": "No nos sentemos.", "en": "Let's not sit down.", "tags": ["reflexive", "negative"]},
    {"es": "Vámonos.", "en": "Let's go (out)!", "tags": ["ir", "irse"]},
    {"es": "No nos vayamos.", "en": "Let's not leave.", "tags": ["ir", "negative"]},
    {"es": "Démoselo a él.", "en": "Let's give it to him.", "tags": ["s-drop", "pronouns"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "sentarse", "en": "to sit down", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "bañarse", "en": "to bathe", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "irse", "en": "to leave/go out", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "vámonos", "en": "let's go!", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "vayamos", "en": "let's go (formal)", "pos": "phrase"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "hablar",
      "tense_id": "imp_afirmativo",
      "forms": {"yo": "—", "tu": "habla", "el": "hable", "nosotros": "hablemos", "vosotros": "hablad", "ellos": "hablen"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "comer",
      "tense_id": "imp_afirmativo",
      "forms": {"yo": "—", "tu": "come", "el": "coma", "nosotros": "comamos", "vosotros": "comed", "ellos": "coman"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "ir",
      "tense_id": "imp_afirmativo",
      "forms": {"yo": "—", "tu": "ve", "el": "vaya", "nosotros": "vamos", "vosotros": "id", "ellos": "vayan"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Let's speak: ¡_____ español! (hablar)", "correct": "Hablemos", "distractor": "Hablamos", "explanation": "-ar nosotros command swaps -amos to -emos."},
    {"sentence": "Let's eat: ¡_____! (comer)", "correct": "Comamos", "distractor": "Comemos", "explanation": "-er swaps -emos to -amos."},
    {"sentence": "Let's practice: ¡_____! (practicar)", "correct": "Practiquemos", "distractor": "Practicemos", "explanation": "-car needs c→qu before e."},
    {"sentence": "Let's sleep: ¡_____! (dormir)", "correct": "Durmamos", "distractor": "Dormamos", "explanation": "-ir stem-changer: o→u in nosotros."},
    {"sentence": "Let's sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)", "correct": "Sentémonos", "distractor": "Sentémosnos", "explanation": "Drop the final -s before attaching nos."},
    {"sentence": "Let's not sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)", "correct": "No nos sentemos", "distractor": "No nos sentémonos", "explanation": "Negative: pronoun before verb, no s-drop."},
    {"sentence": "Let's go out: ¡_____! (irse)", "correct": "Vámonos", "distractor": "Vayámonos", "explanation": "Affirmative uses present 'vamos' minus s + nos."},
    {"sentence": "Let's not leave: ¡_____! (irse)", "correct": "No nos vayamos", "distractor": "No nos vamos", "explanation": "Negative requires the irregular 'vayamos'."}
  ],
  "caveats": "Captions repeatedly garbled forms ('SOS', 'BOS', 'deos') reconstructed via grammar rules."
}