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Trey t 47a7871c38 Add 13 new grammar notes with 1010 exercises from video extraction

Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on
14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and
generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic.

- 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives,
  greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo,
  stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present
  indicative conjugation)
- 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing)
- Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks
- Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect,
  subj future) with numbered usage format
- Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade
- Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes,
  structured JSON, and exercise data

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-04-16 08:40:05 -05:00

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39. Present Perfect Tense

Source: A Complete Guide To Every Fundamental In Spanish (The Conclusion)

The present perfect (pretérito perfecto) talks about what someone has done. It uses conjugated haber + a past participle, and the two pieces can never be separated.

Key Rules

Formula: conjugated haber + past participle.
haber: he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han.
The past participle does NOT change for gender/number when used in the perfect tense — only when used as an adjective.
haber + participle is inseparable: no, direct, and indirect object pronouns ALL go before haber.
Don't confuse haber (auxiliary "to have done") with tener (main verb "to possess/have"): Yo tengo un perro (I have a dog) vs. Yo he tenido muchos amigos (I have had many friends).

Conjugation / Pattern Tables

`haber` (present)

Pronoun	Form
yo	he
tú	has
él/ella	ha
nosotros	hemos
vosotros	habéis
ellos	han

Examples

Spanish	English
Yo he hablado.	I have spoken.
Tú has comido.	You have eaten.
Él ha leído.	He has read.
¿Has leído el libro?	Have you read the book?
Sí, yo lo he leído.	Yes, I have read it.
No, yo no lo he leído.	No, I have not read it.
John me lo ha dicho.	John has told me it.
John no me lo ha dicho.	John has not told me it.
Yo he tenido muchos amigos.	I have had a lot of friends.
Nosotros hemos vivido aquí.	We have lived here.
Ella ha escrito una carta.	She has written a letter.
¿Has visto la película?	Have you seen the movie?

Notes & Gotchas

Never insert anything between haber and the participle.
"I have to read" = Yo tengo que leer (not haber); "I have read" = Yo he leído.
Past participles in the perfect remain in the masculine singular form (hablado, never hablada/hablados).

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