Add 13 new grammar notes with 1010 exercises from video extraction

Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on
14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and
generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic.

- 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives,
  greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo,
  stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present
  indicative conjugation)
- 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing)
- Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks
- Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect,
  subj future) with numbered usage format
- Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade
- Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes,
  structured JSON, and exercise data

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

docs/spanish-fundamentals/notes/02-spanish-fundamentals.md

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+# 02. Spanish Fundamentals
+
+> Source: [video link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=YHDZSHCt1DE&t=64s)
+
+A foundational vocabulary and orthography overview: alphabet, accents, question words, prepositions/adverbs, pronouns, days, months, seasons, time words, and numbers. Most of this chapter is pure memorization — the building blocks before grammar.
+
+## Key Rules
+- The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters (adds **ñ** to the English 26). Some traditions also count **ch** and **ll** as letters (29).
+- **H** is silent — *hablo* is pronounced "ablo".
+- **ll** is pronounced like English "y" (e.g., *llave* = key).
+- Accents (´) over vowels mark which syllable is stressed; they can also distinguish two otherwise-identical words (e.g., *él* "he" vs. *el* "the"; *tú* "you" vs. *tu* "your"; *sí* "yes" vs. *si* "if"; *qué* "what?" vs. *que* "that"; *dónde* "where?" vs. *donde* "where" relative).
+- Questions need an inverted ¿ at the start and ? at the end. Same for ¡ … !
+- **¿Por qué?** = "Why?"  ·  **porque** = "because" (one word, no accent).
+- Question words pluralize/gender: ¿Quién? → ¿Quiénes?  ·  ¿Cuánto/Cuánta/Cuántos/Cuántas?
+- Days, months, and seasons are **not** capitalized in Spanish.
+- Watch out for **año** (year) vs. **ano** (anus) — the ñ matters.
+- *Mañana* means both "tomorrow" and "morning" (context-dependent).
+- *Pero* (but) vs. *perro* (dog) — the double **rr** matters.
+- *Como* can mean "like / as" or "I eat" (1st-person of *comer*) depending on context.
+
+## Pronouns
+
+| Singular | Plural |
+|----------|--------|
+| yo (I) | nosotros / nosotras (we) |
+| tú (you, informal) | vosotros / vosotras (y'all, Spain informal) |
+| él / ella / usted (he / she / you formal) | ellos / ellas / ustedes (they / y'all formal) |
+
+Focus on **yo, tú, él, ellos** in early practice — *vosotros* and *nosotros* show up much less often in conversation outside Spain.
+
+## Question Words
+
+| Spanish | English |
+|---------|---------|
+| ¿Dónde? | Where? |
+| ¿Cuándo? | When? |
+| ¿Qué? | What? |
+| ¿Por qué? | Why? |
+| ¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes? | Who? / Who (pl.)? |
+| ¿Cuál? | Which? |
+| ¿Cómo? | How? |
+| ¿Cuánto/a/os/as? | How much / how many? |
+
+## Prepositions & Adverbs
+
+FANBOYS:
+
+| English | Spanish |
+|---------|---------|
+| For | para |
+| And | y |
+| Nor | ni |
+| But | pero |
+| Or | o |
+| Yet (still) | pero / sin embargo |
+| So | así que |
+| By | por |
+
+Other adverbs/prepositions:
+
+| English | Spanish |
+|---------|---------|
+| If | si |
+| Then | entonces |
+| Also | también |
+| From, of | de |
+| With | con |
+| To | a |
+| In, on | en |
+| Each | cada |
+
+## Days, Months, Seasons
+
+| Days | Months | Seasons |
+|------|--------|---------|
+| lunes | enero, julio | verano (summer) |
+| martes | febrero, agosto | otoño (autumn) |
+| miércoles | marzo, septiembre | invierno (winter) |
+| jueves | abril, octubre | primavera (spring) |
+| viernes | mayo, noviembre | |
+| sábado | junio, diciembre | |
+| domingo | | |
+
+## Time Words
+
+| English | Spanish |
+|---------|---------|
+| second | segundo/a |
+| minute | minuto/a |
+| hour | hora |
+| week | semana |
+| month | mes |
+| year | año |
+| yesterday | ayer |
+| today | hoy |
+| tomorrow / morning | mañana |
+
+## Numbers
+
+| # | Spanish | # | Spanish |
+|---|---------|---|---------|
+| 1 | uno | 11 | once |
+| 2 | dos | 12 | doce |
+| 3 | tres | 13 | trece |
+| 4 | cuatro | 14 | catorce |
+| 5 | cinco | 15 | quince |
+| 6 | seis | 16 | dieciséis |
+| 7 | siete | 17 | diecisiete |
+| 8 | ocho | 18 | dieciocho |
+| 9 | nueve | 19 | diecinueve |
+| 10 | diez | 20 | veinte |
+
+Past 20: *veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés…* (one word). 30 = *treinta*, then *treinta y dos*, *treinta y tres*, etc. 40 *cuarenta*, 50 *cincuenta*, 60 *sesenta*, 70 *setenta*, 80 *ochenta*, 90 *noventa*, 100 *cien*, 1.000 *mil*, 1.000.000 *millón*.
+
+Ordinal positions (gendered):
+
+| English | Spanish |
+|---------|---------|
+| 1st | primero/a |
+| 2nd | segundo/a |
+| 3rd | tercero/a |
+| 4th | cuarto/a |
+| 5th | quinto/a |
+| 6th | sexto/a |
+| 7th | séptimo/a |
+| 8th | octavo/a |
+| 9th | noveno/a |
+| 10th | décimo/a |
+
+## Notes & Gotchas
+- *Cuarto* can also mean "a quarter (1/4)" in expressions of time.
+- *Segundo* can also mean "in second place" (position) — context decides.
+- *Unos / unas* in front of a number means "some / a few" (e.g., *unos minutos* = a few minutes).