Add 13 new grammar notes with 1010 exercises from video extraction
Scraped a 4h Spanish fundamentals YouTube video (transcript + OCR on 14810 frames), extracted structured content across 52 chapters, and generated fill-in-the-blank quizzes for every grammar topic. - 13 new GrammarNote entries (articles, possessives, demonstratives, greetings, poder, al/del, prepositional pronouns, irregular yo, stem-changing, stressed possessives, present/future perfect, present indicative conjugation) - 1010 generated exercises across all 36 grammar notes (new + existing) - Fix tense guide parser to handle unnumbered *Usages* blocks - Rewrite 6 broken tense guide bodies (imperative, subj pluperfect, subj future) with numbered usage format - Bump courseDataVersion 5→6 with TenseGuide refresh on upgrade - Add docs/spanish-fundamentals/ with raw transcripts, polished notes, structured JSON, and exercise data Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/AGENT_INSTRUCTIONS.md
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# Exercise-generator instructions
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You are generating Spanish grammar quiz items for the iOS app **Conjuga**. Each item is a fill-in-the-blank multiple-choice question with ONE correct answer and ONE distractor.
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## Your inputs
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- **Registry:** `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/note_registry.json` — every note's metadata (noteId, title, category, status, target_count, prompt).
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- **Seed pool (per note):** `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/<noteId>.json` — exercises already extracted from the source video. Use these as-is (don't rewrite unless obviously broken). Generate ADDITIONAL items to hit `target_count`.
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- **Existing note bodies (for `existing_*` status):** `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/Conjuga/Conjuga/Models/GrammarNote.swift` — grep for your noteId, read the surrounding `body: """..."""` block for context.
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- **New-note source content (for `new` status):** `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/notes/NN-<slug>.md` (find NN via registry `source_chapters[0].id`).
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- **Polished structured data (for new notes):** `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/structured/NN-<slug>.json` — has rules, examples, conjugation tables.
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## Exercise format (output)
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Each exercise is a JSON object:
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```json
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{"sentence": "Ella _____ doctora.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Ser for professions."}
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```
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Rules:
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- `sentence` must contain `_____` (exactly 5 underscores) where the blank goes.
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- **Exception:** personal-a style can use yes/no like `{"sentence": "Veo _____ mi hermana.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—"}` — still use the blank.
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- `correct` and `distractor` are short tokens (1–3 words typically).
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- `distractor` must be plausibly wrong, same part-of-speech/tense as correct. Never a silly answer.
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- `explanation` is ONE short sentence (≤ 70 chars preferred) stating WHY the correct answer is right.
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- Use proper Spanish accents (é, í, ó, ú, ñ, ¿, ¡).
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## Quality rules
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1. **Variety across the set:** spread pronouns (yo / tú / él/ella / nosotros / ellos), time contexts (present, past, future), and noun domains (family, food, work, school, travel, weather, etc.). Don't have 10 items all about food.
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2. **No duplicates:** no two items in the same note's final array should have the same `(sentence, correct)` pair.
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3. **Teaching value:** each item should test a concept the note actually covers. Don't invent rules not in the body/notes.
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4. **Difficulty mix:** most items at intermediate level. A handful can be easy, a handful slightly tricky — but never ambiguous.
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5. **Short sentences:** usually 5–10 words. Keep them crisp.
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6. **No proper-noun soup:** common first names like María, Juan, Ana are fine. Avoid obscure names.
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## Output
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Write `/Users/treyt/Desktop/code/Spanish/docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/<noteId>.json` for each noteId you're assigned.
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Shape of each file:
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```json
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{
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"noteId": "ser-vs-estar",
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"target_count": 37,
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"seed_count": 22,
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"generated_count": 15,
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"exercises": [
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{"sentence": "...", "correct": "...", "distractor": "...", "explanation": "..."},
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...
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]
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}
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```
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`exercises` = seed items (unchanged, first) + your newly generated items. Total length should equal `target_count` (it's OK to go slightly over — up to +5). If seed already exceeds target, just include all seed items and add 0 new.
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## Report back
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When done, under 100 words: which notes you completed, final counts per note, any notes where you fell short of target and why.
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{
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"noteId": "accent-marks-stress",
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"target_count": 30,
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"seed_count": 6,
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"generated_count": 24,
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"exercises": [
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{"sentence": "_____ hablo español.", "correct": "Yo", "distractor": "Tú", "explanation": "yo = I; matches the -o conjugation hablo."},
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{"sentence": "¿_____ estás? — Estoy en casa.", "correct": "Dónde", "distractor": "Donde", "explanation": "Question words take an accent."},
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{"sentence": "_____ qué estudias español? — Porque me gusta.", "correct": "Por", "distractor": "Para", "explanation": "¿Por qué? = Why?; the response uses one-word porque."},
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{"sentence": "Un _____ tiene doce meses.", "correct": "año", "distractor": "ano", "explanation": "año (with ñ) = year."},
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{"sentence": "Tengo un _____. Se llama Rex.", "correct": "perro", "distractor": "pero", "explanation": "perro (rr) = dog; pero = but."},
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{"sentence": "Hoy es _____, mañana es martes.", "correct": "lunes", "distractor": "Lunes", "explanation": "Days aren't capitalized in Spanish."},
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{"sentence": "Tomo un _____ por la mañana.", "correct": "café", "distractor": "cafe", "explanation": "Aguda ending in vowel needs an accent."},
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{"sentence": "El _____ está en la mesa.", "correct": "teléfono", "distractor": "telefono", "explanation": "Stress on third-to-last syllable always takes an accent."},
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{"sentence": "Mi _____ trabaja en el hospital.", "correct": "médico", "distractor": "medico", "explanation": "Esdrújula — third-to-last stress always accented."},
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{"sentence": "Me gusta esta _____ romántica.", "correct": "canción", "distractor": "cancion", "explanation": "Aguda ending in -n needs an accent."},
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{"sentence": "El examen es muy _____.", "correct": "difícil", "distractor": "dificil", "explanation": "Llana ending in consonant (not n/s) needs an accent."},
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{"sentence": "_____ tienes razón.", "correct": "Tú", "distractor": "Tu", "explanation": "tú (subject pronoun) takes accent; tu = your."},
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{"sentence": "_____ es mi mejor amigo.", "correct": "Él", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "él (he) takes accent; el = the."},
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{"sentence": "_____, quiero ir contigo.", "correct": "Sí", "distractor": "Si", "explanation": "sí (yes) takes accent; si = if."},
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{"sentence": "Yo _____ la respuesta.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "sé (I know) takes accent; se = reflexive pronoun."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero _____ café, por favor.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "mas", "explanation": "más (more) takes accent; mas (literary) = but."},
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{"sentence": "¿_____ te llamas?", "correct": "Cómo", "distractor": "Como", "explanation": "Question word cómo takes accent."},
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{"sentence": "¿_____ años tienes?", "correct": "Cuántos", "distractor": "Cuantos", "explanation": "Interrogative cuántos takes accent."},
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{"sentence": "¿_____ es tu color favorito?", "correct": "Cuál", "distractor": "Cual", "explanation": "Question word cuál takes accent."},
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{"sentence": "¿_____ llega el tren?", "correct": "Cuándo", "distractor": "Cuando", "explanation": "Interrogative cuándo takes accent."},
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{"sentence": "Sé _____ vives en Madrid.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "qué", "explanation": "Relative que (no question) takes no accent."},
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{"sentence": "Iré al cine _____ termine la tarea.", "correct": "cuando", "distractor": "cuándo", "explanation": "Relative cuando (no question) takes no accent."},
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{"sentence": "La _____ está cerrada.", "correct": "ventana", "distractor": "véntana", "explanation": "Llana ending in vowel — follows default, no accent needed."},
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{"sentence": "Necesito un _____ para escribir.", "correct": "lápiz", "distractor": "lapiz", "explanation": "Llana ending in z (consonant) needs an accent."},
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{"sentence": "Me duele la _____.", "correct": "cabeza", "distractor": "cábeza", "explanation": "Llana ending in vowel — default stress, no accent."},
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{"sentence": "Necesitamos _____ para la sopa.", "correct": "agua", "distractor": "ágüa", "explanation": "Default llana stress — no accent or dieresis needed here."},
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{"sentence": "El bebé es bi_____e. (lingual)", "correct": "lingüe", "distractor": "lingue", "explanation": "Dieresis (¨) on ü makes the u pronounced before e/i."},
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{"sentence": "Tocó la _____ en el concierto.", "correct": "guitarra", "distractor": "güitarra", "explanation": "No dieresis needed — u is silent in gui by default."},
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{"sentence": "El _____ llegó tarde.", "correct": "autobús", "distractor": "autobus", "explanation": "Aguda ending in -s needs an accent."},
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{"sentence": "Estudio en la _____.", "correct": "universidad", "distractor": "universidád", "explanation": "Aguda ending in consonant (not n/s) — no accent needed."}
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]
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}
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{
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"noteId": "adjective-placement",
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"target_count": 30,
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"seed_count": 7,
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"generated_count": 23,
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"exercises": [
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{"sentence": "El chico _____ inteligente.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Intelligence is a permanent trait → ser."},
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{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ cansados.", "correct": "estamos", "distractor": "somos", "explanation": "Tiredness is a changing condition → estar."},
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{"sentence": "Estas clases son _____.", "correct": "fáciles", "distractor": "fácil", "explanation": "Plural noun (clases) requires plural adjective."},
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{"sentence": "La _____ hermosa.", "correct": "chica", "distractor": "chico", "explanation": "Hermosa is feminine, so the noun must also be feminine."},
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{"sentence": "El hombre _____ relajado.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Being relaxed is a temporary state → estar."},
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{"sentence": "Yo soy _____ (f).", "correct": "alta", "distractor": "alto", "explanation": "Feminine subject takes -a ending."},
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{"sentence": "El chico _____ (correct word order).", "correct": "inteligente", "distractor": "inteligente chico", "explanation": "Adjective follows the noun: el chico inteligente."},
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{"sentence": "Es un _____ libro de historia.", "correct": "buen", "distractor": "bueno", "explanation": "Bueno apocopates to 'buen' before masculine singular nouns."},
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{"sentence": "Hoy hace _____ tiempo en la playa.", "correct": "mal", "distractor": "malo", "explanation": "Malo apocopates to 'mal' before masculine singular nouns."},
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{"sentence": "Hoy es un _____ día para empezar.", "correct": "gran", "distractor": "grande", "explanation": "Grande shortens to 'gran' before any singular noun."},
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{"sentence": "Es una _____ mujer en su comunidad.", "correct": "gran", "distractor": "grande", "explanation": "Pre-noun grande → 'gran' (a great woman); post-noun would mean physically big."},
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{"sentence": "Compré un coche _____ ayer.", "correct": "nuevo", "distractor": "nueva", "explanation": "Post-noun 'nuevo' means brand-new; agrees with masc. 'coche'."},
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{"sentence": "Ese _____ amigo me llamó por teléfono.", "correct": "viejo", "distractor": "vieja", "explanation": "Pre-noun 'viejo amigo' = longstanding friend (masc. agreement)."},
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{"sentence": "El _____ hombre perdió su trabajo.", "correct": "pobre", "distractor": "rica", "explanation": "Pre-noun 'pobre' means unfortunate (sympathy)."},
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{"sentence": "Es la _____ oportunidad que tengo.", "correct": "única", "distractor": "única única", "explanation": "Pre-noun 'única' means 'only' (the only opportunity)."},
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{"sentence": "Tenemos _____ amigos en la fiesta.", "correct": "muchos", "distractor": "amigos muchos", "explanation": "Quantifiers like 'muchos' always go before the noun."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero _____ oportunidad, por favor.", "correct": "otra", "distractor": "oportunidad otra", "explanation": "'Otro/a' always precedes the noun in Spanish."},
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{"sentence": "Es el _____ piso del edificio.", "correct": "primer", "distractor": "primero", "explanation": "Primero apocopates to 'primer' before masc. singular nouns."},
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{"sentence": "Vivo en el _____ piso del edificio.", "correct": "tercer", "distractor": "tercero", "explanation": "Tercero apocopates to 'tercer' before masc. singular nouns."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero un vaso de agua _____.", "correct": "fría", "distractor": "fría agua", "explanation": "Default position for descriptive adjectives is after the noun."},
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{"sentence": "Tengo un amigo _____ que conocí ayer.", "correct": "nuevo", "distractor": "nuevo amigo", "explanation": "Post-noun 'nuevo' = brand-new (recently met)."},
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{"sentence": "Esa señora _____ tiene noventa años.", "correct": "vieja", "distractor": "vieja señora", "explanation": "Post-noun 'vieja' = elderly in age (factual)."},
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{"sentence": "Es un hombre _____, no tiene casa.", "correct": "pobre", "distractor": "pobre hombre", "explanation": "Post-noun 'pobre' means literally without money."},
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{"sentence": "Es una idea _____, nunca antes vista.", "correct": "única", "distractor": "única idea", "explanation": "Post-noun 'única' means unique/one of a kind."},
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{"sentence": "Me regalaron un _____ libro de aventuras.", "correct": "buen", "distractor": "bueno", "explanation": "Bueno apocopates to 'buen' before masc. singular nouns."},
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{"sentence": "Tengo una _____ idea para el proyecto.", "correct": "buena", "distractor": "buen", "explanation": "Bueno does not apocopate before feminine nouns; use 'buena'."},
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{"sentence": "Es un _____ momento para nuestro país.", "correct": "gran", "distractor": "grande", "explanation": "Pre-noun grande → 'gran' (great) for any singular noun."},
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{"sentence": "Vivimos en una casa _____ con jardín.", "correct": "grande", "distractor": "gran", "explanation": "Post-noun keeps full form 'grande' meaning physically large."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero un café _____, por favor.", "correct": "caliente", "distractor": "caliente café", "explanation": "Descriptive adjectives normally follow the noun."},
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{"sentence": "Hay _____ personas en el parque hoy.", "correct": "muchas", "distractor": "personas muchas", "explanation": "Quantifiers like 'muchas' always precede the noun."},
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{"sentence": "Es un _____ problema, no te preocupes.", "correct": "mal", "distractor": "malo", "explanation": "Malo apocopates to 'mal' before masc. singular nouns."}
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]
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}
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{
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"noteId": "al-del-contractions",
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"target_count": 30,
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"seed_count": 7,
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"generated_count": 23,
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"exercises": [
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{"sentence": "Yo voy _____ baño.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el always contracts to al."},
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{"sentence": "Vengo _____ mercado.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el always contracts to del."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero ir _____ clase.", "correct": "a la", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Feminine la does not contract."},
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{"sentence": "Es el regalo _____ profesor.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de la", "explanation": "Profesor is masculine, so de + el = del."},
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{"sentence": "El libro es _____ él.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "The pronoun él (with accent) does not contract; only the article el does."},
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{"sentence": "Vamos _____ playa.", "correct": "a la", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Playa is feminine; no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "El presidente _____ Salvador habló.", "correct": "de El", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "Proper nouns with capital El don't contract."},
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{"sentence": "Vamos _____ parque.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el = al (mandatory contraction)."},
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{"sentence": "Salgo _____ trabajo a las cinco.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el = del (mandatory contraction)."},
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{"sentence": "Voy _____ los niños. (toward)", "correct": "a", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Plural los does not contract; just 'a los niños'."},
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{"sentence": "Es la casa _____ los abuelos.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "Plural los does not contract; 'de los'."},
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{"sentence": "Hablo _____ doctor.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el = del."},
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{"sentence": "Llamo _____ médico.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el = al."},
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{"sentence": "La llave _____ coche está aquí.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el (coche, masc.) → del."},
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{"sentence": "Voy _____ universidad.", "correct": "a la", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Universidad is feminine; no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Vengo _____ tienda.", "correct": "de la", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "Tienda is feminine; de la, no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Es el regalo _____ él.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "Pronoun él (accented) never contracts with de."},
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{"sentence": "El gato corre _____ él.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Pronoun él never contracts with a."},
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{"sentence": "El presidente viaja _____ Salvador.", "correct": "a El", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Proper noun El Salvador keeps capital El, no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Camino _____ supermercado.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el = al."},
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{"sentence": "El plato _____ chef es famoso.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el = del."},
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{"sentence": "Voy _____ las tiendas.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Plural feminine las → no contraction; 'a las'."},
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{"sentence": "Hablamos _____ las profesoras.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "del", "explanation": "Plural feminine; 'de las', no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Es el sombrero _____ niño.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el (niño, masc.) → del."},
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{"sentence": "Doy comida _____ perro.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el = al."},
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{"sentence": "Las palabras _____ poema son hermosas.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el = del."},
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{"sentence": "Me acerco _____ ventana.", "correct": "a la", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Ventana is feminine; no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Las hojas _____ árbol caen.", "correct": "del", "distractor": "de el", "explanation": "de + el (árbol, masc.) → del."},
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{"sentence": "Llamo _____ ella mañana.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "al", "explanation": "Ella is a pronoun; no contraction."},
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{"sentence": "Voy _____ aeropuerto.", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el = al."}
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]
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}
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{
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"noteId": "articles-and-gender",
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"target_count": 30,
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"seed_count": 7,
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"generated_count": 23,
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"exercises": [
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{"sentence": "_____ libro está en la mesa.", "correct": "El", "distractor": "La", "explanation": "libro ends in -o → masculine → el."},
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{"sentence": "Voy a _____ piscina.", "correct": "la", "distractor": "el", "explanation": "piscina ends in -a → feminine → la."},
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{"sentence": "_____ problema es difícil.", "correct": "El", "distractor": "La", "explanation": "Greek-origin -ma noun → masculine: el problema."},
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{"sentence": "Tengo _____ libro nuevo.", "correct": "un", "distractor": "uno", "explanation": "Before a masculine noun use un, not uno."},
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{"sentence": "_____ ciudad es grande.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "Nouns ending in -d are usually feminine."},
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{"sentence": "Bebo _____ agua fría.", "correct": "el", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "agua takes el in the singular (stressed initial a-) even though it's feminine."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero ver _____ foto.", "correct": "la", "distractor": "el", "explanation": "foto is short for fotografía → feminine."},
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{"sentence": "Necesito _____ mapa de la ciudad.", "correct": "un", "distractor": "una", "explanation": "mapa is masculine despite ending in -a."},
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{"sentence": "_____ día es muy largo.", "correct": "El", "distractor": "La", "explanation": "día is masculine, an exception to the -a rule."},
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{"sentence": "Me duele _____ mano derecha.", "correct": "la", "distractor": "el", "explanation": "mano is feminine despite ending in -o."},
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{"sentence": "_____ moto es rápida.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "moto (← motocicleta) is feminine."},
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{"sentence": "Compré _____ flores para mi madre.", "correct": "unas", "distractor": "unos", "explanation": "flores is feminine plural → unas."},
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{"sentence": "_____ casas son blancas.", "correct": "Las", "distractor": "Los", "explanation": "casas is feminine plural → las."},
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{"sentence": "Quiero _____ manzana.", "correct": "una", "distractor": "un", "explanation": "manzana ends in -a → feminine → una."},
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{"sentence": "_____ universidad está cerca.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "Nouns ending in -d are usually feminine."},
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{"sentence": "_____ programa empieza a las ocho.", "correct": "El", "distractor": "La", "explanation": "Greek-origin -ma noun → masculine: el programa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito _____ cuadernos para la clase.", "correct": "unos", "distractor": "unas", "explanation": "cuadernos is masculine plural → unos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ clase empieza a las nueve.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "clase is feminine despite ending in -e."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ canción es muy bonita.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "Nouns ending in -ción are feminine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ niños juegan en el parque.", "correct": "Los", "distractor": "Las", "explanation": "niños is masculine plural → los."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Compré _____ coche nuevo.", "correct": "un", "distractor": "una", "explanation": "coche is masculine → un."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ acción de la película es increíble.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "Nouns ending in -ción are feminine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vi _____ película interesante anoche.", "correct": "una", "distractor": "un", "explanation": "película is feminine → una."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ carne está deliciosa.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "carne is feminine despite ending in -e."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ hospitales están llenos.", "correct": "Los", "distractor": "Las", "explanation": "hospitales is masculine plural → los."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo _____ amiga en México.", "correct": "una", "distractor": "un", "explanation": "amiga is feminine → una."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ mesa es de madera.", "correct": "La", "distractor": "El", "explanation": "mesa ends in -a → feminine → la."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito _____ paraguas.", "correct": "un", "distractor": "una", "explanation": "paraguas is masculine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ universidades son antiguas.", "correct": "Las", "distractor": "Los", "explanation": "universidades (-d) → feminine plural → las."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo _____ ideas buenas.", "correct": "unas", "distractor": "unos", "explanation": "ideas is feminine plural → unas."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "commands-imperative",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 17,
|
||||
"generated_count": 13,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "(hablar) tú: ¡_____ más despacio!", "correct": "habla", "distractor": "hable", "explanation": "Affirmative tú of regular -ar uses the él form of the present."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Negative of 'come': ¡No _____!", "correct": "comas", "distractor": "comes", "explanation": "Negative tú of -er drops -er and adds -as."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Irregular tú command of 'venir': ¡_____ aquí!", "correct": "ven", "distractor": "viene", "explanation": "Venir has the irregular tú command 'ven'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ tu tarea! (hacer)", "correct": "Haz", "distractor": "Hace", "explanation": "Hacer's irregular affirmative is 'haz'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Negative: ¡No _____ eso! (decir)", "correct": "digas", "distractor": "dices", "explanation": "Take the yo stem 'dig-' + -as."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ ahora! (levantarse)", "correct": "Levántate", "distractor": "Te levanta", "explanation": "Affirmative reflexive: pronoun attaches to verb with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Negative: ¡No te _____! (dormirse)", "correct": "duermas", "distractor": "duermes", "explanation": "Negative tú of -ir uses -as, stem-change kept (o→ue)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____! (Tell it to me, decir)", "correct": "Dímelo", "distractor": "Me lo dice", "explanation": "Attach IOP me + DOP lo to 'di' with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ a la escuela! (ir)", "correct": "Ve", "distractor": "Va", "explanation": "Irregular tú command of ir is 've'; preposition 'a' confirms it's ir, not ver."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's speak: ¡_____ español! (hablar)", "correct": "Hablemos", "distractor": "Hablamos", "explanation": "-ar nosotros command swaps -amos to -emos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's eat: ¡_____! (comer)", "correct": "Comamos", "distractor": "Comemos", "explanation": "-er swaps -emos to -amos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's practice: ¡_____! (practicar)", "correct": "Practiquemos", "distractor": "Practicemos", "explanation": "-car needs c→qu before e."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's sleep: ¡_____! (dormir)", "correct": "Durmamos", "distractor": "Dormamos", "explanation": "-ir stem-changer: o→u in nosotros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)", "correct": "Sentémonos", "distractor": "Sentémosnos", "explanation": "Drop the final -s before attaching nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's not sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)", "correct": "No nos sentemos", "distractor": "No nos sentémonos", "explanation": "Negative: pronoun before verb, no s-drop."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's go out: ¡_____! (irse)", "correct": "Vámonos", "distractor": "Vayámonos", "explanation": "Affirmative uses present 'vamos' minus s + nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Let's not leave: ¡_____! (irse)", "correct": "No nos vayamos", "distractor": "No nos vamos", "explanation": "Negative requires the irregular 'vayamos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ la verdad! (decir, tú)", "correct": "Di", "distractor": "Dice", "explanation": "Decir has the irregular tú command 'di'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ de aquí! (salir, tú)", "correct": "Sal", "distractor": "Sale", "explanation": "Salir has the irregular tú command 'sal'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ paciencia! (tener, tú)", "correct": "Ten", "distractor": "Tiene", "explanation": "Tener has the irregular tú command 'ten'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ los libros allí! (poner, tú)", "correct": "Pon", "distractor": "Pone", "explanation": "Poner has the irregular tú command 'pon'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ bueno! (ser, tú)", "correct": "Sé", "distractor": "Es", "explanation": "Ser has the irregular tú command 'sé' with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡No _____ tan rápido! (hablar, tú)", "correct": "hables", "distractor": "habla", "explanation": "Negative tú of -ar uses -es."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡No _____ ahora! (salir, tú)", "correct": "salgas", "distractor": "sales", "explanation": "Negative tú uses subjunctive form: salga → salgas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ usted la puerta! (abrir)", "correct": "Abra", "distractor": "Abre", "explanation": "Ud. command uses the subjunctive form: abra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____ ustedes en silencio! (escuchar)", "correct": "Escuchen", "distractor": "Escuchan", "explanation": "Uds. command uses subjunctive ending -en."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡No _____ usted eso! (hacer)", "correct": "haga", "distractor": "hace", "explanation": "Negative Ud. command uses subjunctive: haga."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____! (Wash your hands — lavarse, tú)", "correct": "Lávate", "distractor": "Te lavas", "explanation": "Affirmative reflexive tú: pronoun attaches with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡_____! (Get up — levantarse, ustedes)", "correct": "Levántense", "distractor": "Se levanten", "explanation": "Affirmative Uds. reflexive: pronoun attaches with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¡No me _____ eso! (dar, tú)", "correct": "des", "distractor": "das", "explanation": "Negative tú uses subjunctive form of dar: des."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "common-irregular-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 0,
|
||||
"generated_count": 30,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ profesor de música.", "correct": "soy", "distractor": "estoy", "explanation": "Ser for permanent identity/profession."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ al cine anoche. (ir)", "correct": "fuimos", "distractor": "íbamos", "explanation": "Preterite of ir for a completed action."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ veinte años. (tener, present)", "correct": "tiene", "distractor": "tene", "explanation": "Tener is irregular: él/ella tiene."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ la tarea. (hacer)", "correct": "hice", "distractor": "hací", "explanation": "Preterite yo form of hacer is hice."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué _____ tú? — Nada importante. (decir, present)", "correct": "dices", "distractor": "dices", "explanation": "Present tú of decir is dices (e→i)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ venir mañana. (poder, present)", "correct": "puedo", "distractor": "podo", "explanation": "Stem change o→ue in poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis padres _____ visitarnos. (querer, present)", "correct": "quieren", "distractor": "queren", "explanation": "Stem change e→ie in querer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ la respuesta. (saber, present)", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "sabo", "explanation": "Yo form of saber is irregular: sé."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la película anoche. (ver)", "correct": "vimos", "distractor": "veímos", "explanation": "Preterite nosotros of ver is vimos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo te _____ un regalo. (dar, present)", "correct": "doy", "distractor": "do", "explanation": "Yo form of dar is irregular: doy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ del trabajo a las seis. (salir, present)", "correct": "salgo", "distractor": "salo", "explanation": "Salir has a -go yo form: salgo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando era niño, yo _____ al parque cada día. (ir, imperfect)", "correct": "iba", "distractor": "fui", "explanation": "Imperfect for habitual past actions."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana ellos _____ la verdad. (decir, future)", "correct": "dirán", "distractor": "decirán", "explanation": "Future of decir uses irregular stem dir-."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ feliz si vinieras. (ser, conditional)", "correct": "sería", "distractor": "seré", "explanation": "Conditional sería expresses a hypothetical."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Espero que tú _____ bien. (estar, subjunctive)", "correct": "estés", "distractor": "estás", "explanation": "Present subjunctive after espero que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero que él _____ la tarea. (hacer, subjunctive)", "correct": "haga", "distractor": "hace", "explanation": "Present subjunctive of hacer is haga."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer Juan _____ enfermo todo el día. (estar)", "correct": "estuvo", "distractor": "estaba", "explanation": "Preterite estuvo for a completed past state."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando llegué, ella _____ leyendo. (estar, imperfect)", "correct": "estaba", "distractor": "estuvo", "explanation": "Imperfect for ongoing background action."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la mesa todas las noches. (poner, present)", "correct": "pongo", "distractor": "pono", "explanation": "Poner has a -go yo form: pongo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Anoche nosotros _____ tarde a casa. (venir)", "correct": "vinimos", "distractor": "veníamos", "explanation": "Preterite nosotros of venir is vinimos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ tiempo para ti. (tener, future)", "correct": "tendré", "distractor": "teneré", "explanation": "Future of tener uses irregular stem tendr-."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El año pasado yo _____ a México. (ir)", "correct": "fui", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Preterite fui for a completed trip."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "De niña, ella _____ muy tímida. (ser, imperfect)", "correct": "era", "distractor": "fue", "explanation": "Imperfect era for descriptions in the past."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ nada raro. (ver, present)", "correct": "veo", "distractor": "vo", "explanation": "Yo form of ver is irregular: veo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Cuántos hermanos _____ tú? (tener, present)", "correct": "tienes", "distractor": "tenes", "explanation": "Stem change e→ie: tú tienes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si pudiera, yo _____ más. (hacer, conditional)", "correct": "haría", "distractor": "haceré", "explanation": "Conditional of hacer uses stem har-."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ojalá que ellos _____ pronto. (venir, subjunctive)", "correct": "vengan", "distractor": "vienen", "explanation": "Present subjunctive of venir is vengan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer él me _____ un libro. (dar)", "correct": "dio", "distractor": "dió", "explanation": "Preterite él of dar is dio (no accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ que estudiar más. (tener, present)", "correct": "tenemos", "distractor": "tienemos", "explanation": "Nosotros doesn't take stem change: tenemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El próximo año yo _____ a España. (ir, future)", "correct": "iré", "distractor": "voy", "explanation": "Future iré for a planned future trip."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "comparatives-superlatives",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi coche es _____ rápido que el tuyo.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "muy", "explanation": "Comparison uses más + adjective + que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta es _____ mejor película del año.", "correct": "la", "distractor": "más", "explanation": "Mejor is irregular; superlative just needs the article."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo más _____ veinte libros.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Before a number use de, not que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ana es tan inteligente _____ Luis.", "correct": "como", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Equality: tan…como."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi abuela es la _____ de mis abuelas.", "correct": "mayor", "distractor": "más vieja", "explanation": "For age, use mayor (more polite/standard)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este examen fue _____ que el anterior.", "correct": "peor", "distractor": "más malo", "explanation": "Irregular comparative of malo is peor."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella es la _____ de la clase.", "correct": "menor", "distractor": "más joven", "explanation": "Both are accepted, but menor is the standard irregular."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta casa tiene _____ habitaciones que la mía.", "correct": "menos", "distractor": "menor", "explanation": "Use menos to mean 'fewer' before nouns."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Pedro es más alto _____ su hermano.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "de", "explanation": "Standard comparison uses que before a noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este libro es _____ interesante que ese.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "tan", "explanation": "Inequality uses más + adj + que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El café aquí es mejor _____ el de allá.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "como", "explanation": "Mejor is followed by que in comparisons."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella corre tan rápido _____ yo.", "correct": "como", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Equality: tan + adv + como."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo tantos amigos _____ tú.", "correct": "como", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Tantos…como expresses equal quantity."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hay tantas sillas _____ mesas.", "correct": "como", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Tantas…como for equal countable nouns."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Madrid es la ciudad más grande _____ España.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Superlative uses de to mean 'in/of'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es el mejor restaurante _____ la ciudad.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "en", "explanation": "Superlatives take de + group/place."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hijo es _____ que el tuyo.", "correct": "menor", "distractor": "más pequeño", "explanation": "For age comparisons, use menor."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta canción es la _____ de todas.", "correct": "peor", "distractor": "más mala", "explanation": "Irregular superlative of malo is peor."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Trabajo _____ horas que mi jefe.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "tan", "explanation": "Inequality of quantity uses más + noun + que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hace menos _____ diez minutos que llegué.", "correct": "de", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Before a number, use menos de."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella es _____ alta como su madre.", "correct": "tan", "distractor": "más", "explanation": "Equality: tan…como."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este es el _____ día de mi vida.", "correct": "mejor", "distractor": "más bueno", "explanation": "Irregular superlative of bueno is mejor."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Carlos estudia _____ que su hermana.", "correct": "menos", "distractor": "menor", "explanation": "Use menos as the comparative adverb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi padre es _____ que mi madre.", "correct": "mayor", "distractor": "más viejo", "explanation": "For people's age, mayor is preferred."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es la película _____ aburrida del festival.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "tan", "explanation": "Superlative: el/la más + adj + de."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo _____ paciencia que tú.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "tan", "explanation": "Inequality of quantity uses más."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ese coche es tan caro _____ una casa.", "correct": "como", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Equality of quality uses tan…como."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Soy el _____ alto de mi familia.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "muy", "explanation": "Superlative structure: el más + adj."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este queso es _____ bueno como aquel.", "correct": "tan", "distractor": "más", "explanation": "Equality structure tan…como."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hace _____ frío hoy que ayer.", "correct": "más", "distractor": "tan", "explanation": "Comparing weather conditions: más…que."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "conditional-if-clauses",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 14,
|
||||
"generated_count": 16,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ tú abrir la ventana, por favor?", "correct": "Podrías", "distractor": "Puedes", "explanation": "Conditional of poder for a polite request."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ contigo si tuviera tiempo.", "correct": "iría", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Hypothetical → conditional of ir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ un plato, por favor.", "correct": "querríamos", "distractor": "queremos", "explanation": "Polite request uses conditional of querer (note double rr)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Sin ti, yo no sé qué yo _____.", "correct": "haría", "distractor": "hacía", "explanation": "Conditional of hacer (irregular stem har-)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ la verdad.", "correct": "diría", "distractor": "decía", "explanation": "Conditional of decir uses irregular stem dir-."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ ellos en esta región?", "correct": "Vivirían", "distractor": "Vivían", "explanation": "Conditional, not imperfect — would they live."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ ese coche si fuera barato.", "correct": "compraría", "distractor": "compré", "explanation": "Hypothetical 'would buy' is conditional."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ más amigos en una ciudad nueva.", "correct": "tendrías", "distractor": "tienes", "explanation": "Conditional of tener uses stem tendr-."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ terminado mi trabajo.", "correct": "habría", "distractor": "había", "explanation": "Conditional perfect uses habría (would have), not había (had)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella habría _____ las ventanas.", "correct": "abierto", "distractor": "abrido", "explanation": "abrir has the irregular participle abierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ disfrutado estar ahí.", "correct": "habrías", "distractor": "habrás", "explanation": "Second-person conditional of haber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ venido si nos hubieran invitado.", "correct": "habríamos", "distractor": "habremos", "explanation": "Hypothetical past needs conditional perfect, not future perfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo habría _____ la verdad.", "correct": "dicho", "distractor": "decido", "explanation": "decir → dicho (irregular participle)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ hecho lo mismo.", "correct": "habrían", "distractor": "han", "explanation": "Conditional perfect: habrían + participle."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si tú estudias, _____ buenas notas.", "correct": "sacarás", "distractor": "sacarías", "explanation": "Si + present uses future in the result clause."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si llueve mañana, no _____ a la playa.", "correct": "iremos", "distractor": "iríamos", "explanation": "Real future condition: si + present, future result."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si yo _____ rico, viajaría por el mundo.", "correct": "fuera", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Hypothetical (contrary-to-fact) si-clause uses past subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si ella _____ aquí, te ayudaría.", "correct": "estuviera", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Hypothetical present uses past subjunctive of estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si nosotros tuviéramos dinero, _____ una casa.", "correct": "compraríamos", "distractor": "compraremos", "explanation": "Si + past subjunctive pairs with conditional."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si tú _____ más, hablarías mejor.", "correct": "practicaras", "distractor": "practicas", "explanation": "Hypothetical condition needs past subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si yo hubiera estudiado, _____ aprobado.", "correct": "habría", "distractor": "habré", "explanation": "Si + past perfect subj. pairs with conditional perfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si ellos _____ llegado a tiempo, habrían visto la película.", "correct": "hubieran", "distractor": "habían", "explanation": "Past contrary-to-fact si-clause uses past perfect subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si me hubieras llamado, te _____ ayudado.", "correct": "habría", "distractor": "habrías", "explanation": "Result clause is conditional perfect with the speaker's perspective."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo en tu lugar, _____ con ella.", "correct": "hablaría", "distractor": "hablaré", "explanation": "Hypothetical advice uses the conditional."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él dijo que _____ mañana.", "correct": "vendría", "distractor": "vendrá", "explanation": "Future-in-the-past after a past reporting verb is the conditional."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si hace sol, nosotros _____ al parque.", "correct": "iremos", "distractor": "iríamos", "explanation": "Real condition: si + present, future."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ ser más fácil con tu ayuda.", "correct": "Podría", "distractor": "Puedo", "explanation": "Speculation/softening uses the conditional of poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si yo _____ tú, aceptaría el trabajo.", "correct": "fuera", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Hypothetical 'if I were you' uses fuera."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ contentos si ganaran.", "correct": "estarían", "distractor": "están", "explanation": "Hypothetical result uses conditional of estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si hubiéramos salido antes, no _____ perdido el tren.", "correct": "habríamos", "distractor": "hubiéramos", "explanation": "Result clause of past contrary-to-fact uses conditional perfect."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "demonstrative-adjectives",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ libro es interesante. (this)", "correct": "Este", "distractor": "Esta", "explanation": "Libro is masculine singular → este."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ casas son grandes. (these)", "correct": "Estas", "distractor": "Estos", "explanation": "Casas is feminine plural → estas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ cursos son difíciles. (those)", "correct": "Esos", "distractor": "Eses", "explanation": "Masculine plural of ese is esos, not 'eses'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué es _____? (this — unknown)", "correct": "esto", "distractor": "este", "explanation": "Use neuter esto when the thing's gender is unknown."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ es para todos. (that — general)", "correct": "Eso", "distractor": "Ese", "explanation": "General/abstract → neuter eso."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ mesa (that, f sg).", "correct": "Esa", "distractor": "Esta", "explanation": "Mesa is feminine singular and 'that' (near listener) is esa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ niño es mi hijo. (this)", "correct": "Este", "distractor": "Esto", "explanation": "Niño is masculine singular → este (not neuter)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ manzana está madura. (this)", "correct": "Esta", "distractor": "Este", "explanation": "Manzana is feminine singular → esta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ chicos juegan fútbol. (these)", "correct": "Estos", "distractor": "Estes", "explanation": "Masculine plural is estos, never 'estes'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ flores son bonitas. (those)", "correct": "Esas", "distractor": "Esos", "explanation": "Flores is feminine plural → esas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ montañas (those over there).", "correct": "Aquellas", "distractor": "Esas", "explanation": "Far from both speaker and listener → aquellas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ edificio es muy alto. (that over there)", "correct": "Aquel", "distractor": "Ese", "explanation": "Far distance, masculine singular → aquel."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ mujer es mi tía. (that over there)", "correct": "Aquella", "distractor": "Aquel", "explanation": "Mujer is feminine singular → aquella."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ árboles son viejos. (those over there)", "correct": "Aquellos", "distractor": "Aquellas", "explanation": "Árboles is masculine plural → aquellos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me gusta _____ camisa. (this)", "correct": "esta", "distractor": "este", "explanation": "Camisa is feminine singular → esta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero comprar _____ zapatos. (these)", "correct": "estos", "distractor": "estas", "explanation": "Zapatos is masculine plural → estos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ es mi problema. (this — abstract)", "correct": "Esto", "distractor": "Este", "explanation": "Abstract idea → neuter esto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No entiendo _____. (that — general)", "correct": "eso", "distractor": "ese", "explanation": "Refers to a vague idea → neuter eso."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ profesora habla rápido. (that)", "correct": "Esa", "distractor": "Eso", "explanation": "Profesora is feminine singular → esa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dame _____ pluma. (that)", "correct": "esa", "distractor": "ese", "explanation": "Pluma is feminine singular → esa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ coche es nuevo. (that)", "correct": "Ese", "distractor": "Esa", "explanation": "Coche is masculine singular → ese."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ niñas cantan bien. (those)", "correct": "Esas", "distractor": "Esos", "explanation": "Niñas is feminine plural → esas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ días fueron felices. (those over there/long ago)", "correct": "Aquellos", "distractor": "Esos", "explanation": "Distant in time/space → aquellos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ tiempos eran difíciles. (those distant)", "correct": "Aquellos", "distractor": "Aquellas", "explanation": "Tiempos is masculine plural → aquellos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿De quién es _____? (this — unidentified)", "correct": "esto", "distractor": "este", "explanation": "Unknown object → neuter esto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ idea no me gusta. (that)", "correct": "Esa", "distractor": "Ese", "explanation": "Idea is feminine singular → esa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ amigos viven aquí. (these)", "correct": "Estos", "distractor": "Estas", "explanation": "Amigos is masculine plural → estos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Lee _____ libros. (these)", "correct": "estos", "distractor": "estes", "explanation": "Plural of este is estos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ silla está rota. (this)", "correct": "Esta", "distractor": "Está", "explanation": "Demonstrative esta (no accent); está is the verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ es increíble. (this — general)", "correct": "Esto", "distractor": "Este", "explanation": "Abstract/general statement → neuter esto."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "double-negatives",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ como pescado.", "correct": "no", "distractor": "nada", "explanation": "Basic negation puts 'no' before the verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No conozco _____ aquí.", "correct": "a nadie", "distractor": "nadie", "explanation": "Direct-object person needs personal a: a nadie."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ llega tarde.", "correct": "nunca", "distractor": "no nunca", "explanation": "When the negative word goes before the verb, no extra 'no' is needed."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No tengo _____ libro sobre eso.", "correct": "ningún", "distractor": "ninguno", "explanation": "Before a singular masc. noun, use the apocopated ningún."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "—Yo no quiero ir. —Yo _____.", "correct": "tampoco", "distractor": "también", "explanation": "Negative agreement uses tampoco (me neither)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No quiero _____ café _____ té.", "correct": "ni / ni", "distractor": "o / o", "explanation": "Negative pair is ni…ni."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Viste a _____ en la fiesta? — No, no vi a _____.", "correct": "alguien / nadie", "distractor": "nadie / alguien", "explanation": "Use alguien in the question and nadie in the negative answer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos no comen _____ por la mañana.", "correct": "nada", "distractor": "no", "explanation": "Double negative: 'no…nada' = don't eat anything."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No me dijo _____ sobre el problema.", "correct": "nada", "distractor": "algo", "explanation": "After 'no' use the negative counterpart: algo → nada."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ sabe la respuesta correcta.", "correct": "Nadie", "distractor": "No nadie", "explanation": "When the negative comes before the verb, no extra 'no' is added."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No he visitado Japón _____.", "correct": "jamás", "distractor": "siempre", "explanation": "Jamás reinforces 'never' after 'no'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ tienda está abierta los domingos.", "correct": "Ninguna", "distractor": "Nada", "explanation": "Ninguna agrees with the feminine noun 'tienda'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No queda _____ en la nevera.", "correct": "nada", "distractor": "ninguno", "explanation": "Use 'nada' for things in general, not a specific noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella no come carne y yo _____.", "correct": "tampoco", "distractor": "también", "explanation": "Tampoco mirrors a previous negative ('me neither')."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No tengo _____ amiga en esta ciudad.", "correct": "ninguna", "distractor": "ningún", "explanation": "Ninguna agrees with the feminine noun 'amiga'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ quiero ir contigo.", "correct": "Tampoco", "distractor": "También", "explanation": "When the negative comes first, no extra 'no' is needed."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermano no estudia _____ trabaja.", "correct": "ni", "distractor": "o", "explanation": "Negative 'neither/nor' uses ni, not o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No le he dicho _____ a mis padres.", "correct": "nada", "distractor": "algo", "explanation": "After 'no', use 'nada' instead of 'algo'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ me ayudó con la tarea.", "correct": "Nadie", "distractor": "No nadie", "explanation": "Pre-verbal negative needs no extra 'no'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No queda _____ en el almacén.", "correct": "ninguno", "distractor": "ningún", "explanation": "Ninguno is used as a pronoun (without a noun after it)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ he comido sushi en mi vida.", "correct": "Nunca", "distractor": "No nunca", "explanation": "Pre-verbal 'nunca' needs no extra 'no'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ese restaurante no abre _____ los lunes.", "correct": "nunca", "distractor": "siempre", "explanation": "After 'no', use 'nunca' to mean 'never'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No vi a _____ en el parque.", "correct": "nadie", "distractor": "alguien", "explanation": "After 'no', use the negative 'nadie'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No tengo _____ ganas de salir hoy.", "correct": "ningunas", "distractor": "ninguna", "explanation": "Ningunas agrees with feminine plural 'ganas'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No me gusta _____ el café _____ el té.", "correct": "ni / ni", "distractor": "no / no", "explanation": "Negative coordination uses ni…ni."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ de mis amigos llegó a tiempo.", "correct": "Ninguno", "distractor": "Nadie", "explanation": "Ninguno (de) refers to a specific group; nadie is general."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No conozco a _____ en esta clase.", "correct": "nadie", "distractor": "alguien", "explanation": "After 'no', use 'nadie' (not 'alguien')."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella no estudia _____ por la noche.", "correct": "nunca", "distractor": "siempre", "explanation": "After 'no', the negative 'nunca' completes the double negative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ pasó nada raro durante la noche.", "correct": "No", "distractor": "Nunca", "explanation": "Use 'no' before the verb when 'nada' follows it."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No leo _____ revistas _____ periódicos.", "correct": "ni / ni", "distractor": "y / y", "explanation": "Negative version of 'and' uses ni…ni."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "estar-gerund-progressive",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo estoy _____ con mi amigo. (hablar)", "correct": "hablando", "distractor": "hablado", "explanation": "-ar verbs form the gerund with -ando."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella está _____ pizza. (comer)", "correct": "comiendo", "distractor": "comendo", "explanation": "-er verbs form the gerund with -iendo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ un libro. (leer)", "correct": "leyendo", "distractor": "leiendo", "explanation": "Vowel-stem: i becomes y to avoid three vowels."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños están _____. (dormir)", "correct": "durmiendo", "distractor": "dormiendo", "explanation": "Stem-change o→u in the gerund of dormir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él está _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "diciendo", "distractor": "deciendo", "explanation": "Stem-change e→i in the gerund of decir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ trabajando ahora.", "correct": "estamos", "distractor": "somos", "explanation": "Progressive uses estar (action right now), not ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ estudiando para el examen. (estar, present)", "correct": "estoy", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Progressive always uses estar, not ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué _____ haciendo tú? (estar, present)", "correct": "estás", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "Tú estás for present progressive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El camarero está _____ la comida. (servir)", "correct": "sirviendo", "distractor": "serviendo", "explanation": "Stem-change e→i in the gerund of servir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo estoy _____ música. (oír)", "correct": "oyendo", "distractor": "oiendo", "explanation": "i→y between vowels: oír → oyendo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella está _____ al supermercado. (ir)", "correct": "yendo", "distractor": "iendo", "explanation": "Irregular gerund of ir is yendo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi padre está _____ el jardín. (regar)", "correct": "regando", "distractor": "regiendo", "explanation": "-ar verb forms gerund with -ando."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los chicos están _____ al fútbol. (jugar)", "correct": "jugando", "distractor": "juegando", "explanation": "No stem change in gerund of jugar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros estamos _____ una película. (ver)", "correct": "viendo", "distractor": "veiendo", "explanation": "Gerund of ver is viendo (regular -er)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estaba _____ cuando sonó el teléfono. (cocinar)", "correct": "cocinando", "distractor": "cocinado", "explanation": "Past progressive: imperfect estar + gerund."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los abuelos estaban _____ en el sofá. (descansar)", "correct": "descansando", "distractor": "descansado", "explanation": "Past progressive uses the gerund, not the participle."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana _____ a la playa. (ir, present for future)", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "estoy yendo", "explanation": "Spanish doesn't use progressive for future plans."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ahora mismo ella está _____ una carta. (escribir)", "correct": "escribiendo", "distractor": "escribendo", "explanation": "-ir verbs form the gerund with -iendo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ por el parque. (caminar)", "correct": "caminando", "distractor": "caminado", "explanation": "Gerund of caminar is caminando."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El bebé está _____. (morir)", "correct": "muriendo", "distractor": "moriendo", "explanation": "Stem-change o→u in gerund of morir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Sigo _____ español todos los días. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudiando", "distractor": "estudiado", "explanation": "Seguir + gerund expresses 'keep on doing'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Llevo dos horas _____ aquí. (esperar)", "correct": "esperando", "distractor": "esperado", "explanation": "Llevar + time + gerund expresses duration."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella está _____ a su jefe. (seguir)", "correct": "siguiendo", "distractor": "seguiendo", "explanation": "Stem-change e→i in gerund of seguir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ tu mensaje ahora. (leer)", "correct": "leyendo", "distractor": "leiendo", "explanation": "i→y between vowels in gerund of leer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ estoy haciendo. (it = lo)", "correct": "Lo", "distractor": "Le", "explanation": "Direct object pronoun lo can precede estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ ahora mismo. (haciéndolo / hacerlo)", "correct": "haciéndolo", "distractor": "hacerlo", "explanation": "Pronoun attaches to the gerund (with accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué estabas _____ anoche? (hacer)", "correct": "haciendo", "distractor": "hecho", "explanation": "Past progressive uses gerund, not past participle."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana está _____ a un bebé. (esperar)", "correct": "esperando", "distractor": "esperado", "explanation": "Present progressive uses gerund -ando."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los profesores están _____ a los alumnos. (corregir)", "correct": "corrigiendo", "distractor": "corregiendo", "explanation": "Stem-change e→i in gerund of corregir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ que aprender más. (necesitar — but use 'tener')", "correct": "teniendo", "distractor": "tenendo", "explanation": "-er verbs form gerund with -iendo: teniendo."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "future-perfect-tense",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 7,
|
||||
"generated_count": 23,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para el lunes, yo _____ terminado. (haber)", "correct": "habré", "distractor": "habría", "explanation": "Future of haber, yo = habré."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dentro de un año, tú _____ dejado tu trabajo.", "correct": "habrás", "distractor": "habrías", "explanation": "Tú future of haber = habrás."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para esa fecha, John _____ recibido muchas ofertas.", "correct": "habrá", "distractor": "habría", "explanation": "Él future of haber = habrá."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ llegado para mañana.", "correct": "habremos", "distractor": "habríamos", "explanation": "Nosotros future of haber = habremos (no accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ comido dentro de dos horas.", "correct": "habrán", "distractor": "han", "explanation": "Future perfect needs habrán, not present."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para diciembre, ella habrá _____ . (volver)", "correct": "vuelto", "distractor": "volvido", "explanation": "Volver has irregular participle 'vuelto'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "By summer, I will have learned = Para el verano, yo _____ aprendido.", "correct": "habré", "distractor": "he", "explanation": "Future perfect uses habré, not he (present perfect)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ visto la película para entonces.", "correct": "habréis", "distractor": "habíais", "explanation": "Vosotros future of haber = habréis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para el viernes, yo habré _____ el informe. (escribir)", "correct": "escrito", "distractor": "escribido", "explanation": "Escribir has irregular participle: escrito."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para las cinco, ella habrá _____ la puerta. (abrir)", "correct": "abierto", "distractor": "abrido", "explanation": "Abrir has irregular participle: abierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dentro de poco, nosotros habremos _____ todo. (decir)", "correct": "dicho", "distractor": "decido", "explanation": "Decir has irregular participle: dicho."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para mañana, ellos habrán _____ los deberes. (hacer)", "correct": "hecho", "distractor": "hacido", "explanation": "Hacer has irregular participle: hecho."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para esa hora, yo habré _____ la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "puesto", "distractor": "ponido", "explanation": "Poner has irregular participle: puesto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú habrás _____ esa serie en una semana. (ver)", "correct": "visto", "distractor": "veído", "explanation": "Ver has irregular participle: visto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para julio, ellos _____ resuelto el caso.", "correct": "habrán", "distractor": "habían", "explanation": "Future perfect uses habrán; habían is past perfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ comido antes de las ocho.", "correct": "habré", "distractor": "habrá", "explanation": "yo form of future haber is habré."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para entonces, María habrá _____ a casa. (volver)", "correct": "vuelto", "distractor": "volvido", "explanation": "Volver has irregular participle: vuelto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dentro de un mes, nosotros _____ ahorrado bastante.", "correct": "habremos", "distractor": "habíamos", "explanation": "Future perfect nosotros = habremos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para diciembre, vosotros _____ viajado a tres países.", "correct": "habréis", "distractor": "habrías", "explanation": "Vosotros future of haber = habréis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para esa fecha, yo habré _____ el problema. (resolver)", "correct": "resuelto", "distractor": "resolvido", "explanation": "Resolver has irregular participle: resuelto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Habrá _____ ya. (llegar — supposition)", "correct": "llegado", "distractor": "llegando", "explanation": "Use the participle, not the gerund."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para el final del día, tú _____ leído cien páginas.", "correct": "habrás", "distractor": "has", "explanation": "Future perfect tú = habrás."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ salido cuando llegues.", "correct": "habrán", "distractor": "habían", "explanation": "Future perfect uses habrán."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para entonces, el bebé habrá _____ a caminar. (aprender)", "correct": "aprendido", "distractor": "aprendiendo", "explanation": "Use the past participle, not gerund."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para mañana, ella habrá _____ la novela. (leer)", "correct": "leído", "distractor": "leido", "explanation": "Leer takes -ído with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Habrán _____ por la nieve los caminos. (cubrir)", "correct": "cubierto", "distractor": "cubrido", "explanation": "Cubrir has irregular participle: cubierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para junio, mis padres _____ jubilado.", "correct": "se habrán", "distractor": "habrían", "explanation": "Reflexive: se + future haber = se habrán."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para entonces, yo habré _____ la verdad. (descubrir)", "correct": "descubierto", "distractor": "descubrido", "explanation": "Descubrir follows cubrir: descubierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros habremos _____ con el jefe antes. (hablar)", "correct": "hablado", "distractor": "habláis", "explanation": "Use the participle hablado, not a present form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Para el sábado, tú habrás _____ a tu primo. (ver)", "correct": "visto", "distractor": "vido", "explanation": "Ver has irregular participle: visto."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "future-vs-ir-a",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 15,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a la tienda.", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "vas", "explanation": "Yo form of ir is voy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ a la universidad.", "correct": "vamos", "distractor": "van", "explanation": "Nosotros form of ir is vamos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ a trabajar.", "correct": "van", "distractor": "va", "explanation": "Ellos form is van."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo voy _____ hacer mi tarea.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "ir uses preposition a before an infinitive (near-future)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy _____ cine. (a + el)", "correct": "al", "distractor": "a el", "explanation": "a + el always contracts to al."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ a la clase.", "correct": "vas", "distractor": "va", "explanation": "Tú form of ir is vas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I'm going with my friends → Yo voy _____ mis amigos.", "correct": "con", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "No destination, so use con (with), not a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ al cine. (ir)", "correct": "iré", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Future of ir (yo): iré."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ una casa. (comprar)", "correct": "comprarás", "distractor": "compraras", "explanation": "Tú future ending is -ás (with accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ 30 años. (tener)", "correct": "tendrá", "distractor": "tenerá", "explanation": "Tener uses irregular stem 'tendr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ español. (aprender)", "correct": "aprenderemos", "distractor": "aprenderémos", "explanation": "Nosotros future has NO accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ si quieren. (venir)", "correct": "vendrán", "distractor": "venirán", "explanation": "Venir uses irregular stem 'vendr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ mi tarea. (hacer)", "correct": "haré", "distractor": "haceré", "explanation": "Hacer uses irregular stem 'har-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo te lo _____ mañana. (dar)", "correct": "daré", "distractor": "doy", "explanation": "Future yo of dar is daré."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Equivalent: 'I'm going to go' = Yo _____ a ir.", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "iré", "explanation": "ir a + infinitive uses present 'voy'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta noche nosotros _____ a cenar fuera.", "correct": "vamos", "distractor": "iremos", "explanation": "Near future / planned event prefers ir a + infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "En el año 2050 los coches _____ solos. (conducir)", "correct": "conducirán", "distractor": "van a conducir", "explanation": "Distant prediction prefers the simple future tense."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ poder ayudarte. (poder)", "correct": "podré", "distractor": "poderé", "explanation": "Poder uses irregular future stem 'podr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ que estudiar más. (tener)", "correct": "tendrás", "distractor": "tenerás", "explanation": "Tener uses irregular stem 'tendr-' in the future."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ la verdad un día. (saber)", "correct": "sabrá", "distractor": "saberá", "explanation": "Saber uses irregular future stem 'sabr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la noticia mañana. (decir)", "correct": "diremos", "distractor": "deciremos", "explanation": "Decir uses irregular future stem 'dir-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ a tiempo. (salir)", "correct": "saldrán", "distractor": "salirán", "explanation": "Salir uses irregular future stem 'saldr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el regalo en la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "pondré", "distractor": "poneré", "explanation": "Poner uses irregular future stem 'pondr-'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ a estudiar todo el día.", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "iré", "explanation": "Near, planned action — ir a + infinitive uses present 'voy'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Algún día yo _____ por toda Europa. (viajar)", "correct": "viajaré", "distractor": "viajo", "explanation": "Distant, uncertain future uses simple future tense."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú vas _____ estudiar esta noche.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "ir + a + infinitive is the near-future construction."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué hora _____? (ser, speculation)", "correct": "será", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Future of ser used to express speculation/probability."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El año que viene yo _____ en la universidad. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudiaré", "distractor": "estudiara", "explanation": "Future tense of estudiar (yo): estudiaré."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ la verdad pronto. (descubrir)", "correct": "descubriréis", "distractor": "descubrirás", "explanation": "Vosotros future ending is -éis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana _____ mucho calor. (hacer)", "correct": "hará", "distractor": "haceré", "explanation": "Weather hacer in future uses irregular stem har-."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "greetings-farewells",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ tú?", "correct": "estás", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "Well-being is temporary, so use estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "(Yo) _____ bien.", "correct": "estoy", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Reply matches the verb in the question (estar)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ días. (good morning)", "correct": "Buenos", "distractor": "Buenas", "explanation": "Día is masculine, so the plural adjective is buenos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ noches. (good night)", "correct": "Buenas", "distractor": "Buenos", "explanation": "Noche is feminine → buenas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Thanks → 'Muchas _____'.", "correct": "gracias", "distractor": "perdón", "explanation": "Gracias = thanks; perdón = sorry."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Reply to gracias: '_____ nada'.", "correct": "De", "distractor": "Por", "explanation": "'De nada' literally 'of nothing' = you're welcome."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ tardes. (good afternoon)", "correct": "Buenas", "distractor": "Buenos", "explanation": "Tarde is feminine → buenas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Greeting at 9am: '_____ días'.", "correct": "Buenos", "distractor": "Buenas", "explanation": "Morning greeting uses masculine plural buenos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Greeting at 3pm: 'Buenas _____'.", "correct": "tardes", "distractor": "noches", "explanation": "Afternoon → tardes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Greeting at 10pm: 'Buenas _____'.", "correct": "noches", "distractor": "tardes", "explanation": "Evening/night → noches."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Casual hi: '_____'.", "correct": "Hola", "distractor": "Adiós", "explanation": "Hola = hi; adiós = goodbye."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "See you later: 'Hasta _____'.", "correct": "luego", "distractor": "bueno", "explanation": "Hasta luego = until later."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "See you soon: 'Hasta _____'.", "correct": "pronto", "distractor": "luego", "explanation": "Pronto = soon."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Welcome (to a man): '_____'.", "correct": "Bienvenido", "distractor": "Bienvenida", "explanation": "Masculine singular form for a man."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Welcome (to a woman): '_____'.", "correct": "Bienvenida", "distractor": "Bienvenido", "explanation": "Feminine singular for a woman."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Please: 'Por _____'.", "correct": "favor", "distractor": "nada", "explanation": "Por favor = please."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "How's it going? '¿Qué _____?'", "correct": "tal", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "¿Qué tal? = how's it going?"},
|
||||
{"sentence": "What's happening? '¿Qué _____?'", "correct": "pasa", "distractor": "tal", "explanation": "¿Qué pasa? = what's going on?"},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Sorry: '_____'.", "correct": "Perdón", "distractor": "Gracias", "explanation": "Perdón = sorry/pardon."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Goodbye (literally 'to God'): '_____'.", "correct": "Adiós", "distractor": "Hola", "explanation": "Adiós comes from 'a Dios' = to God."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Informal bye (from Italian): '_____'.", "correct": "Chau", "distractor": "Adiós", "explanation": "Chau/chao is borrowed from Italian ciao."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nice to meet you: 'Mucho _____'.", "correct": "gusto", "distractor": "favor", "explanation": "Mucho gusto = nice/pleasure to meet you."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Likewise: '_____'.", "correct": "Igualmente", "distractor": "Bienvenido", "explanation": "Igualmente = likewise, the standard reply to mucho gusto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Until the view: 'Hasta la _____'.", "correct": "vista", "distractor": "luego", "explanation": "Hasta la vista = see you later."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "How are you (formal)? '¿Cómo _____ usted?'", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Estar for well-being; usted form is está."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Reply: 'Estoy _____' (well).", "correct": "bien", "distractor": "bueno", "explanation": "Estar + adverb bien = I'm well."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Greeting a group at noon: '_____ días'.", "correct": "Buenos", "distractor": "Bueno", "explanation": "Noon is still morning territory; plural buenos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Bedtime farewell: 'Buenas _____'.", "correct": "noches", "distractor": "tardes", "explanation": "At night, use noches."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "What's up? '¿Qué _____?' (informal)", "correct": "hay", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "¿Qué hay? = what's up?"},
|
||||
{"sentence": "See you (literally 'we see ourselves'): 'Nos _____'.", "correct": "vemos", "distractor": "vamos", "explanation": "Nos vemos = see you (we'll see each other)."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "gustar-like-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "A mí me _____ la pizza.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Pizza is singular, so use gusta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A nosotros nos _____ los tacos.", "correct": "gustan", "distractor": "gusta", "explanation": "Tacos is plural, so use gustan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A ellos _____ gusta jugar fútbol.", "correct": "les", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Plural ellos requires plural IOP les."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ bailar y cantar.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Multiple infinitives still take singular gusta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A Juan _____ gusta el café.", "correct": "le", "distractor": "lo", "explanation": "Gustar requires an IOP (le), not a DOP."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ ti te gustan las películas.", "correct": "A", "distractor": "Para", "explanation": "Clarification structure uses a, not para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A María le _____ los gatos.", "correct": "gustan", "distractor": "gusta", "explanation": "Gatos is plural; verb agrees with the subject."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ hablar contigo.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Hablar is a singular infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A mí me _____ los perros grandes.", "correct": "encantan", "distractor": "encanta", "explanation": "Perros is plural; encantar agrees with subject."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A ella le _____ la música clásica.", "correct": "encanta", "distractor": "encantan", "explanation": "Música is singular, so encanta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A nosotros nos _____ la historia.", "correct": "interesa", "distractor": "interesan", "explanation": "Historia is singular; use interesa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A los niños les _____ los videojuegos.", "correct": "interesan", "distractor": "interesa", "explanation": "Videojuegos is plural; use interesan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ el ruido de la calle.", "correct": "molesta", "distractor": "molestan", "explanation": "El ruido is singular; use molesta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A mi madre le _____ los mosquitos.", "correct": "molestan", "distractor": "molesta", "explanation": "Mosquitos is plural; use molestan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No me _____ el dinero, sino la familia.", "correct": "importa", "distractor": "importan", "explanation": "El dinero is singular; importar agrees with it."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A ellos les _____ las notas.", "correct": "importan", "distractor": "importa", "explanation": "Las notas is plural; use importan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ la cabeza después de estudiar.", "correct": "duele", "distractor": "duelen", "explanation": "La cabeza is singular; doler uses duele."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A Pedro le _____ los pies.", "correct": "duelen", "distractor": "duele", "explanation": "Los pies is plural; use duelen."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nos _____ dos sillas para la mesa.", "correct": "faltan", "distractor": "falta", "explanation": "Dos sillas is plural; use faltan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ tiempo para terminar.", "correct": "falta", "distractor": "faltan", "explanation": "Tiempo is singular; use falta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Solo me _____ cinco dólares.", "correct": "quedan", "distractor": "queda", "explanation": "Cinco dólares is plural; use quedan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A nosotros nos _____ poco pan.", "correct": "queda", "distractor": "quedan", "explanation": "Poco pan is singular; use queda."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ buena tu idea.", "correct": "parece", "distractor": "parecen", "explanation": "Tu idea is singular; parecer uses parece."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A ellos les _____ caros los boletos.", "correct": "parecen", "distractor": "parece", "explanation": "Los boletos is plural; use parecen."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A vosotros _____ encanta viajar.", "correct": "os", "distractor": "les", "explanation": "Vosotros uses the IOP os."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A ti _____ molesta el calor.", "correct": "te", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Tú uses the IOP te."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A Ana y a Luis les _____ las flores.", "correct": "encantan", "distractor": "encanta", "explanation": "Las flores is plural; use encantan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me _____ los ojos por el humo.", "correct": "duelen", "distractor": "duele", "explanation": "Los ojos is plural; use duelen."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿A ti te _____ aprender español?", "correct": "interesa", "distractor": "interesan", "explanation": "Aprender (infinitive) is singular; use interesa."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "A mis amigos les _____ los dulces.", "correct": "gustan", "distractor": "gusta", "explanation": "Los dulces is plural; use gustan."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "irregular-yo-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 10,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ de la casa a las ocho. (salir)", "correct": "salgo", "distractor": "salo", "explanation": "Salir takes -go in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la tarea cada día. (hacer)", "correct": "hago", "distractor": "haco", "explanation": "Hacer takes -go in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ un coche nuevo. (conducir)", "correct": "conduzco", "distractor": "conduco", "explanation": "-cir verbs take -zco in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a Juan. (conocer)", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "conoco", "explanation": "-cer verbs after a vowel take -zco."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la película. (ver)", "correct": "veo", "distractor": "vo", "explanation": "Ver has the irregular yo form veo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ un regalo. (dar)", "correct": "doy", "distractor": "do", "explanation": "Dar has the irregular yo form doy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el libro en la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "pongo", "distractor": "pono", "explanation": "Poner takes -go in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el almuerzo. (traer)", "correct": "traigo", "distractor": "trago", "explanation": "Traer is traigo (note the i); trago is from tragar (to swallow)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a mi familia. (proteger)", "correct": "protejo", "distractor": "protego", "explanation": "Proteger spells the yo form with j (protejo) to keep the soft consonant sound."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ que sí. (suponer)", "correct": "supongo", "distractor": "supono", "explanation": "Suponer follows the -go pattern like poner."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ dos hermanos. (tener)", "correct": "tengo", "distractor": "teno", "explanation": "Tener takes -go in yo form: tengo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ de Madrid mañana. (venir)", "correct": "vengo", "distractor": "veno", "explanation": "Venir takes -go in yo form: vengo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo siempre _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "digo", "distractor": "deco", "explanation": "Decir is irregular yo: digo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ música por la mañana. (oír)", "correct": "oigo", "distractor": "oyo", "explanation": "Oír takes -igo in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a casa a pie. (ir)", "correct": "voy", "distractor": "vo", "explanation": "Ir has the irregular yo form voy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ estudiante. (ser)", "correct": "soy", "distractor": "so", "explanation": "Ser has the irregular yo form soy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ en casa hoy. (estar)", "correct": "estoy", "distractor": "esto", "explanation": "Estar has the irregular yo form estoy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ la respuesta. (saber)", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "sabo", "explanation": "Saber has the irregular yo form sé."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el texto al inglés. (traducir)", "correct": "traduzco", "distractor": "traduco", "explanation": "-cir verbs take -zco in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ por la ventana. (caer)", "correct": "caigo", "distractor": "cao", "explanation": "Caer takes -igo in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tortillas en la fábrica. (producir)", "correct": "produzco", "distractor": "produco", "explanation": "-cir verbs take -zco in yo form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ la tarea cada día. (hacer)", "correct": "haces", "distractor": "hagas", "explanation": "Only the yo form is irregular; tú is regular: haces."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ de la casa temprano. (salir)", "correct": "sale", "distractor": "salge", "explanation": "Only the yo form is irregular; él/ella is regular: sale."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la película. (ver)", "correct": "vemos", "distractor": "veemos", "explanation": "Only yo (veo) is irregular; nosotros is regular: vemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ inglés y español. (hablar)", "correct": "hablo", "distractor": "hablgo", "explanation": "Hablar is fully regular; the -go pattern is only for irregulars."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a tu hermana. (parecer)", "correct": "parezco", "distractor": "pareco", "explanation": "-cer verbs after a vowel take -zco."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el pan en la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "pongo", "distractor": "ponjo", "explanation": "Poner takes -go in yo form: pongo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a la fiesta esta noche. (venir)", "correct": "vengo", "distractor": "vieno", "explanation": "Venir is irregular yo: vengo (no stem change in yo)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo le _____ las llaves. (dar)", "correct": "doy", "distractor": "day", "explanation": "Dar has the irregular yo form doy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ que es difícil. (suponer)", "correct": "supongo", "distractor": "suponjo", "explanation": "Suponer follows the -go pattern like poner."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a mucha gente aquí. (conocer)", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "conozo", "explanation": "-cer verbs after a vowel take -zco."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tres idiomas. (saber)", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Yo form of saber carries an accent: sé (vs. pronoun se)."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "object-pronouns",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 24,
|
||||
"generated_count": 6,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ compro. (the car)", "correct": "lo", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "Coche is masculine singular, so use lo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ tienen. (the houses)", "correct": "las", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Casas is feminine plural, so use las."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero comprar_____. (it, masc.)", "correct": "lo", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "DOP attaches to the infinitive: comprarlo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú estás mirándo_____. (me)", "correct": "me", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "DOP attaches to the gerund with an accent: mirándome."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella mira _____ Juan.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "el", "explanation": "Personal a is required before a human direct object."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ amo. (you)", "correct": "te", "distractor": "ti", "explanation": "Te is the DOP; ti is for after prepositions."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy a leer_____. (the book)", "correct": "lo", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Libro is masculine singular: leerlo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vemos a ellos.", "correct": "los", "distractor": "les", "explanation": "Standard DOP for 'them' (m.) is los."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ doy el libro a María.", "correct": "le", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "Indirect object (recipient) requires le, not the DOP la."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ compra los libros (to us).", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "les", "explanation": "Nos = to/for us."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ enseño los conceptos a ellos.", "correct": "les", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Les is the IOP for them; los would be a DOP."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero comprar_____ un regalo (to him).", "correct": "le", "distractor": "lo", "explanation": "IOP for the recipient him is le, attached to infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy diciéndo_____ la verdad (to you).", "correct": "te", "distractor": "ti", "explanation": "Te is the IOP; ti is only after prepositions."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella le compra un coche _____ él.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Clarification structure uses a + pronoun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ doy el dinero a ellos. (I)", "correct": "Les", "distractor": "Le", "explanation": "Plural recipient ellos requires les."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ escribes una carta a Emma.", "correct": "le", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "Indirect object 'to Emma' uses le."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ da. (it to me)", "correct": "me lo", "distractor": "lo me", "explanation": "IOP comes before DOP: me lo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ compro a él. (it for him)", "correct": "se lo", "distractor": "le lo", "explanation": "le + lo → se lo to avoid two l-pronouns."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ lees a ellas. (them to them)", "correct": "se los", "distractor": "les los", "explanation": "les + los → se los."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos quieren present_____. (them to you)", "correct": "ártelos", "distractor": "artelos", "explanation": "When attaching both pronouns to an infinitive, add a written accent: presentártelos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella está dándo_____. (it to me)", "correct": "melo", "distractor": "lome", "explanation": "Order is me + lo when attached to gerund."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo puedo hacér_____ a él. (it for him)", "correct": "selo", "distractor": "lelo", "explanation": "le → se before lo; result attached to infinitive needs accent: hacérselo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella se lo escribe _____ él.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Clarification uses a + pronoun (the IOP construction)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ damos. (it to you, sg.)", "correct": "te lo", "distractor": "lo te", "explanation": "IOP te before DOP lo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ entrega a nosotros. (it, fem.)", "correct": "nos la", "distractor": "la nos", "explanation": "IOP nos before DOP la."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ veo. (the keys)", "correct": "las", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Llaves is feminine plural → las."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ quieres? (the apples)", "correct": "Las", "distractor": "Los", "explanation": "Manzanas is feminine plural → las."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él me _____ regala. (it, masc.)", "correct": "lo", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Direct object 'it' (masc.) is lo, after IOP me."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy a explicár_____. (it to her)", "correct": "selo", "distractor": "lelo", "explanation": "le + lo → se lo, attached to infinitive with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellas nos _____ envían. (it, fem.)", "correct": "la", "distractor": "las", "explanation": "Singular feminine direct object → la, after IOP nos."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
23
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/personal-a.json
Normal file
23
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/personal-a.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "personal-a",
|
||||
"target_count": 15,
|
||||
"seed_count": 0,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Veo _____ mi hermana.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a is required before a human direct object."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Compro _____ un coche nuevo.", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "No personal a before a non-human direct object."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Busco _____ mi madre.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a is needed before a specific human."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Visito _____ mis abuelos los domingos.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Visiting people requires the personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito _____ un libro nuevo.", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "Inanimate object — no personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No conozco _____ nadie aquí.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a is required before nadie/alguien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Tienes _____ hermanos?", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "Tener for possession does not take the personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero mucho _____ mi perro.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Pets treated as family take the personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Escucho _____ la música.", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "Inanimate object — no personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Llamé _____ Juan ayer.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a before a named person."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esperamos _____ el autobús.", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "Inanimate object — no personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esperamos _____ nuestros amigos.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a before specific human direct objects."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Viste _____ alguien en la calle?", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a is required before alguien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayudo _____ mi madre con la cena.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "—", "explanation": "Personal a before a human direct object."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estudio _____ español todos los días.", "correct": "—", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "Inanimate / abstract object — no personal a."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "poder-infinitive",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ hablar español.", "correct": "puedo", "distractor": "podo", "explanation": "Stem change o→ue in yo form: puedo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ ir mañana.", "correct": "podemos", "distractor": "puedemos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the regular stem: podemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ llamar por teléfono.", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "poden", "explanation": "Ellos is in the 'boot' → stem change: pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Tú _____ ayudarme?", "correct": "puedes", "distractor": "podes", "explanation": "Tú is in the 'boot' → puedes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo puedo _____ español. (speak)", "correct": "hablar", "distractor": "hablo", "explanation": "After poder use the infinitive, not a conjugated form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ entrar.", "correct": "podéis", "distractor": "puedéis", "explanation": "Vosotros stays regular: podéis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ cantar muy bien.", "correct": "puede", "distractor": "puedo", "explanation": "Third person singular: puede."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No _____ dormir anoche. (yo)", "correct": "puedo", "distractor": "puedes", "explanation": "Yo form of poder: puedo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Usted _____ venir hoy?", "correct": "puede", "distractor": "puedes", "explanation": "Usted takes the third-person form: puede."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis amigos _____ jugar fútbol.", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "podemos", "explanation": "Subject 'mis amigos' = ellos → pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú puedes _____ inglés. (learn)", "correct": "aprender", "distractor": "aprendes", "explanation": "Poder + infinitive (aprender), never conjugated."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros podemos _____ a la fiesta. (go)", "correct": "ir", "distractor": "vamos", "explanation": "After poder, use the infinitive ir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ tú abrir la puerta?", "correct": "Puedes", "distractor": "Podes", "explanation": "Tú with stem change → puedes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ escuchar bien.", "correct": "puedo", "distractor": "pueda", "explanation": "Present indicative yo form: puedo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ trabajar mañana.", "correct": "puede", "distractor": "puedes", "explanation": "Él takes third-person singular: puede."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotras _____ cocinar juntas.", "correct": "podemos", "distractor": "pueden", "explanation": "Nosotras → podemos (no stem change)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ustedes _____ entrar ahora.", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "podéis", "explanation": "Ustedes uses the ellos form: pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo puedo _____ la guitarra. (play)", "correct": "tocar", "distractor": "toco", "explanation": "Infinitive after poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Puedes _____ más despacio? (speak)", "correct": "hablar", "distractor": "hablas", "explanation": "Infinitive follows poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños _____ leer ya.", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "puedemos", "explanation": "Los niños = ellos → pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros podéis _____ aquí. (sit down)", "correct": "sentaros", "distractor": "sentáis", "explanation": "Infinitive (with attached pronoun) follows poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi madre _____ preparar la cena.", "correct": "puede", "distractor": "pueden", "explanation": "Mi madre = ella → puede."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no puedo _____ hoy. (work)", "correct": "trabajar", "distractor": "trabajo", "explanation": "Infinitive after poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ ustedes ayudarnos?", "correct": "Pueden", "distractor": "Podéis", "explanation": "Ustedes → pueden (Latin American formal/plural)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú y yo _____ ir al cine.", "correct": "podemos", "distractor": "pueden", "explanation": "Tú y yo = nosotros → podemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella puede _____ cinco idiomas. (speak)", "correct": "hablar", "distractor": "habla", "explanation": "Use infinitive hablar after puede."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No _____ creer la noticia. (nosotros)", "correct": "podemos", "distractor": "pueden", "explanation": "Nosotros form: podemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis hermanos no _____ venir.", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "podemos", "explanation": "Mis hermanos = ellos → pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ yo pasar? (may I)", "correct": "Puedo", "distractor": "Pueda", "explanation": "Present indicative yo form: puedo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotras _____ comer aquí.", "correct": "podéis", "distractor": "pueden", "explanation": "Vosotras form: podéis."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
33
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/por-vs-para.json
Normal file
33
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/por-vs-para.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "por-vs-para",
|
||||
"target_count": 25,
|
||||
"seed_count": 10,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Caminé _____ el parque ayer.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Movement through a place uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este regalo es _____ ti.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Recipient uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estudio mucho _____ aprobar el examen.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Purpose / in order to uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Llegué tarde _____ el tráfico.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Reason / because of uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Trabajé _____ ocho horas.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Duration uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito el informe _____ el lunes.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Deadline uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Pagué cien dólares _____ esta camisa.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Exchange uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ mí, el español es fácil.", "correct": "Para", "distractor": "Por", "explanation": "Personal opinion uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana trabaja _____ Google.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Employer uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Conducimos a 100 km _____ hora.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Per / rate uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Salimos _____ Madrid mañana.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Destination uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hablé con ella _____ teléfono.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Means of communication uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No pude ir _____ ti, así que fui yo.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "In place of / on behalf of uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estudio español _____ ser traductor.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Goal / future purpose uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Viajamos _____ tren a Barcelona.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Means of transport uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ ser tan joven, habla muy bien.", "correct": "Para", "distractor": "Por", "explanation": "Comparison / considering uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te cambio mi sándwich _____ tu manzana.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Exchange / swap uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La carta es _____ mi abuela.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Recipient uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estuvimos en París _____ una semana.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Duration uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito terminar esto _____ las cinco.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Deadline uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Gracias _____ tu ayuda.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Reason for gratitude uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta taza es _____ café.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Purpose / intended use uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Pasamos _____ tu casa anoche.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Movement through a place uses por."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estudia mucho _____ ser médico.", "correct": "para", "distractor": "por", "explanation": "Future goal uses para."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te llamo _____ correo electrónico.", "correct": "por", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Means of communication uses por."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "possessive-adjectives",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ coches son rojos. (my)", "correct": "Mis", "distractor": "Mi", "explanation": "Plural noun (coches) requires plural possessive (mis)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ gato. (our, m.)", "correct": "Nuestro", "distractor": "Nuestra", "explanation": "Gato is masculine, so use nuestro."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ rosa. (our, f.)", "correct": "Nuestra", "distractor": "Nuestro", "explanation": "Rosa is feminine → nuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo hablo con _____ amigo. (his)", "correct": "su", "distractor": "tu", "explanation": "su covers his/her/their; tu would mean 'your'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo hablo con mis padres y con _____ amigos. (their)", "correct": "sus", "distractor": "su", "explanation": "Amigos is plural, so use sus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ perro. (your, informal sing.)", "correct": "Tu", "distractor": "Tú", "explanation": "Tu (no accent) is the possessive; tú is the pronoun 'you'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ casa es muy grande. (my)", "correct": "Mi", "distractor": "Mis", "explanation": "Singular noun (casa) → mi."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ hermanas viven en México. (my)", "correct": "Mis", "distractor": "Mi", "explanation": "Plural noun (hermanas) → mis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ libros están en la mesa. (your, informal sing.)", "correct": "Tus", "distractor": "Tu", "explanation": "Plural noun (libros) → tus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Visito a _____ abuela los domingos. (my)", "correct": "mi", "distractor": "mis", "explanation": "Singular noun (abuela) → mi."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ profesora es muy amable. (our)", "correct": "Nuestra", "distractor": "Nuestro", "explanation": "profesora is feminine singular → nuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ hijos juegan en el parque. (our)", "correct": "Nuestros", "distractor": "Nuestras", "explanation": "hijos is masculine plural → nuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ amigas son simpáticas. (our)", "correct": "Nuestras", "distractor": "Nuestros", "explanation": "amigas is feminine plural → nuestras."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hablo con Juan y _____ hermana. (his)", "correct": "su", "distractor": "sus", "explanation": "Singular noun (hermana) → su."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "María visita a _____ padres. (her)", "correct": "sus", "distractor": "su", "explanation": "Plural noun (padres) → sus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ apartamento está en el centro. (their)", "correct": "Su", "distractor": "Sus", "explanation": "Singular noun (apartamento) → su."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ coche es nuevo. (your, formal)", "correct": "Su", "distractor": "Tu", "explanation": "Formal 'your' = su, not tu."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños tienen _____ mochilas. (their)", "correct": "sus", "distractor": "su", "explanation": "Plural noun (mochilas) → sus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ familia vive en España. (my)", "correct": "Mi", "distractor": "Mis", "explanation": "Singular noun (familia) → mi."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te presento a _____ esposo. (my)", "correct": "mi", "distractor": "mis", "explanation": "Singular noun (esposo) → mi."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ ideas son interesantes. (your, informal sing.)", "correct": "Tus", "distractor": "Tu", "explanation": "Plural noun (ideas) → tus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ escuela es grande. (our)", "correct": "Nuestra", "distractor": "Nuestro", "explanation": "escuela is feminine singular → nuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ perros son blancos. (our)", "correct": "Nuestros", "distractor": "Nuestro", "explanation": "perros is masculine plural → nuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hablo con Emma y _____ madre. (her)", "correct": "su", "distractor": "sus", "explanation": "Singular noun (madre) → su."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ trabajo es muy difícil. (my)", "correct": "Mi", "distractor": "Mis", "explanation": "Singular noun (trabajo) → mi."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ zapatos son nuevos. (your, informal sing.)", "correct": "Tus", "distractor": "Tu", "explanation": "Plural noun (zapatos) → tus."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ tíos viven en Argentina. (my)", "correct": "Mis", "distractor": "Mi", "explanation": "Plural noun (tíos) → mis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ libros están aquí. (y'all's, Spain)", "correct": "Vuestros", "distractor": "Vuestras", "explanation": "libros is masculine plural → vuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ casa es pequeña. (y'all's, Spain)", "correct": "Vuestra", "distractor": "Vuestro", "explanation": "casa is feminine singular → vuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ana llamó a _____ hermanos. (her)", "correct": "sus", "distractor": "su", "explanation": "Plural noun (hermanos) → sus."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "prepositional-pronouns",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 7,
|
||||
"generated_count": 23,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Este regalo es para _____.", "correct": "mí", "distractor": "yo", "explanation": "After preposition 'para', use mí, not yo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Quieres ir _____?", "correct": "conmigo", "distractor": "con mí", "explanation": "con + mí combines into conmigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Sí, voy _____.", "correct": "contigo", "distractor": "con ti", "explanation": "con + ti combines into contigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El libro es de _____.", "correct": "él", "distractor": "lo", "explanation": "After de, use the prepositional pronoun él (with accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esto es para _____.", "correct": "nosotros", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "After 'para', use the prepositional pronoun nosotros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Entre tú y _____, no hay problema.", "correct": "yo", "distractor": "mí", "explanation": "After 'entre', Spanish uses subject pronouns yo and tú."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella va _____.", "correct": "con ellos", "distractor": "conellos", "explanation": "Only mí and ti combine with con; con ellos stays separate."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El café es para _____. (me)", "correct": "mí", "distractor": "mi", "explanation": "Mí (with accent) is the pronoun; mi (no accent) means 'my'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La carta es para _____. (you, sg.)", "correct": "ti", "distractor": "tí", "explanation": "Ti has no accent (unlike mí)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vamos a la fiesta sin _____. (her)", "correct": "ella", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "After sin, use the prepositional pronoun ella."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Pienso mucho en _____. (you, sg.)", "correct": "ti", "distractor": "tú", "explanation": "After 'en', use ti, not tú."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Vienes _____? (with me)", "correct": "conmigo", "distractor": "con yo", "explanation": "Special form: con + yo → conmigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero hablar _____. (with you, sg.)", "correct": "contigo", "distractor": "con tú", "explanation": "Special form: con + tú → contigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El paquete es de _____. (us)", "correct": "nosotros", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Prepositional pronoun for 'us' is nosotros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hablan de _____. (you, pl. Spain)", "correct": "vosotros", "distractor": "os", "explanation": "After de, use vosotros (not the object pronoun os)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esto es para _____. (them, m.)", "correct": "ellos", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Prepositional pronoun for 'them' is ellos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy con _____. (her)", "correct": "ella", "distractor": "la", "explanation": "con + ella stays separate; only mí/ti combine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Según _____, es verdad. (me)", "correct": "yo", "distractor": "mí", "explanation": "After según, Spanish uses subject pronouns: yo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Excepto _____, todos vinieron. (you, sg.)", "correct": "tú", "distractor": "ti", "explanation": "After excepto, use subject pronouns: tú."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El secreto está entre _____ y ella. (me)", "correct": "yo", "distractor": "mí", "explanation": "After entre, use subject pronouns: yo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El viaje es para _____. (you, pl. Lat. Am.)", "correct": "ustedes", "distractor": "los", "explanation": "Prepositional pronoun for ustedes stays the same."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Trabajo con _____. (him)", "correct": "él", "distractor": "lo", "explanation": "After con, use él (only mí/ti combine into conmigo/contigo)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta sopa es para _____. (us, f.)", "correct": "nosotras", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Feminine prepositional pronoun: nosotras."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Sale sin _____. (me)", "correct": "mí", "distractor": "yo", "explanation": "After sin, use mí, not yo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esperamos por _____. (you, sg.)", "correct": "ti", "distractor": "tú", "explanation": "After por, use ti."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Bailo _____. (with you, sg.)", "correct": "contigo", "distractor": "con ti", "explanation": "con + ti → contigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hablamos de _____. (them, f.)", "correct": "ellas", "distractor": "las", "explanation": "Prepositional pronoun for them (f.) is ellas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El regalo es de _____. (you formal)", "correct": "usted", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "After de, use usted (the prepositional form is the same as subject)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy a la playa _____. (with him)", "correct": "con él", "distractor": "conel", "explanation": "con + él stays separate; only mí/ti combine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Lo hice por _____. (you, sg.)", "correct": "ti", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "After por, use the prepositional pronoun ti."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "present-indicative-conjugation",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ español todos los días.", "correct": "hablo", "distractor": "hablas", "explanation": "yo takes -o in -ar verbs: hablo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ pizza los viernes.", "correct": "comes", "distractor": "comen", "explanation": "tú takes -es in -er verbs: comes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en Madrid.", "correct": "vivimos", "distractor": "vivís", "explanation": "nosotros + -ir = -imos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ con sus amigos.", "correct": "hablan", "distractor": "habla", "explanation": "ellos + -ar = -an."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ mucho café.", "correct": "come", "distractor": "como", "explanation": "ella + -er = -e (like the él form)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ cerca de la escuela.", "correct": "vivo", "distractor": "vive", "explanation": "yo + -ir = -o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ inglés muy bien. (hablar)", "correct": "hablas", "distractor": "hablan", "explanation": "tú + -ar = -as."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ mucho los sábados. (trabajar)", "correct": "trabajamos", "distractor": "trabajan", "explanation": "nosotros + -ar = -amos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ francés. (hablar)", "correct": "habláis", "distractor": "hablan", "explanation": "vosotros + -ar = -áis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ una carta a mi madre. (escribir)", "correct": "escribo", "distractor": "escribes", "explanation": "yo + -ir = -o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ustedes _____ en la oficina. (trabajar)", "correct": "trabajan", "distractor": "trabajáis", "explanation": "ustedes + -ar = -an."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana _____ piano. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudia", "distractor": "estudias", "explanation": "ella + -ar = -a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ tarde. (comer)", "correct": "coméis", "distractor": "comemos", "explanation": "vosotros + -er = -éis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños _____ en el parque. (correr)", "correct": "corren", "distractor": "corre", "explanation": "ellos + -er = -en."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Tú _____ en una casa grande? (vivir)", "correct": "vives", "distractor": "vive", "explanation": "tú + -ir = -es."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ libros interesantes. (leer)", "correct": "leemos", "distractor": "leen", "explanation": "nosotros + -er = -emos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la guitarra. (tocar)", "correct": "toco", "distractor": "tocas", "explanation": "yo + -ar = -o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ en una empresa grande. (trabajar)", "correct": "trabaja", "distractor": "trabajas", "explanation": "ella + -ar = -a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ en Barcelona. (vivir)", "correct": "vivís", "distractor": "vivimos", "explanation": "vosotros + -ir = -ís."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis padres _____ en un apartamento. (vivir)", "correct": "viven", "distractor": "vive", "explanation": "ellos + -ir = -en."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ café por la mañana. (beber)", "correct": "bebo", "distractor": "bebe", "explanation": "yo + -er = -o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ el coche al trabajo. (manejar)", "correct": "manejas", "distractor": "maneja", "explanation": "tú + -ar = -as."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la verdad. (saber/decir → decir)", "correct": "decimos", "distractor": "dicemos", "explanation": "nosotros + -ir = -imos (regular ending)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ las ventanas. (abrir)", "correct": "abren", "distractor": "abre", "explanation": "ellos + -ir = -en."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la televisión por la noche. (mirar)", "correct": "miro", "distractor": "miras", "explanation": "yo + -ar = -o."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ inglés y francés. (aprender)", "correct": "aprendes", "distractor": "aprenden", "explanation": "tú + -er = -es."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ el partido. (mirar)", "correct": "miramos", "distractor": "miran", "explanation": "nosotros + -ar = -amos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi profesor _____ matemáticas. (enseñar)", "correct": "enseña", "distractor": "enseñas", "explanation": "él + -ar = -a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las estudiantes _____ mucho. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudian", "distractor": "estudia", "explanation": "ellas + -ar = -an."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el periódico cada mañana. (leer)", "correct": "leo", "distractor": "lee", "explanation": "yo + -er = -o."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "present-perfect-tense",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ hablado con él. (haber)", "correct": "he", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "yo + haber = he."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ comido demasiado. (haber)", "correct": "has", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "tú + haber = has."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vivido aquí cinco años.", "correct": "hemos", "distractor": "habemos", "explanation": "nosotros + haber = hemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella ha _____ una carta. (escribir)", "correct": "escrito", "distractor": "escribido", "explanation": "Escribir is irregular: escrito."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ visto la película? (tú, haber)", "correct": "Has", "distractor": "Hes", "explanation": "tú form is 'has'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "John no me _____ ha dicho.", "correct": "lo", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "DOP 'lo' goes before haber along with IOP me."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tenido muchos amigos.", "correct": "he", "distractor": "tengo", "explanation": "Use haber + tenido for 'have had'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I have to read = Yo _____ que leer.", "correct": "tengo", "distractor": "he", "explanation": "Obligation uses tener que, not haber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ llegado tarde. (haber)", "correct": "han", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "ellos + haber = han."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ trabajado mucho hoy.", "correct": "habéis", "distractor": "habís", "explanation": "vosotros + haber = habéis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "María ha _____ la puerta. (abrir)", "correct": "abierto", "distractor": "abrido", "explanation": "Abrir is irregular: abierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo he _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "dicho", "distractor": "decido", "explanation": "Decir is irregular: dicho."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros hemos _____ la tarea. (hacer)", "correct": "hecho", "distractor": "hacido", "explanation": "Hacer is irregular: hecho."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El cristal se ha _____. (romper)", "correct": "roto", "distractor": "rompido", "explanation": "Romper is irregular: roto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella ha _____ los libros en la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "puesto", "distractor": "ponido", "explanation": "Poner is irregular: puesto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú has _____ del viaje. (volver)", "correct": "vuelto", "distractor": "volvido", "explanation": "Volver is irregular: vuelto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Han _____ el problema. (resolver)", "correct": "resuelto", "distractor": "resolvido", "explanation": "Resolver is irregular: resuelto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo he _____ a Madrid muchas veces. (viajar)", "correct": "viajado", "distractor": "viajido", "explanation": "Regular -ar verbs take -ado: viajado."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella ha _____ tres libros este mes. (leer)", "correct": "leído", "distractor": "leido", "explanation": "Leer takes -ído (with accent) to break the diphthong."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Habéis _____ la noticia? (oír)", "correct": "oído", "distractor": "oido", "explanation": "Oír takes -ído with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ comido nada hoy.", "correct": "he", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Present perfect uses haber, not ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis padres han _____ a Europa. (ir)", "correct": "ido", "distractor": "ío", "explanation": "Ir takes regular participle: ido."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El gato ha _____ a la calle. (salir)", "correct": "salido", "distractor": "saliendo", "explanation": "Past participle is salido, not the gerund."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ visto esa serie.", "correct": "hemos", "distractor": "habemos", "explanation": "Nosotros form is hemos (never habemos)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú has _____ con ella. (hablar)", "correct": "hablado", "distractor": "hablido", "explanation": "Regular -ar verbs take -ado."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo he _____ a tu hermano. (ver)", "correct": "visto", "distractor": "veído", "explanation": "Ver is irregular: visto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El perro se ha _____. (morir)", "correct": "muerto", "distractor": "morido", "explanation": "Morir is irregular: muerto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Han _____ las calles de nieve. (cubrir)", "correct": "cubierto", "distractor": "cubrido", "explanation": "Cubrir is irregular: cubierto."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella ha _____ el problema. (entender)", "correct": "entendido", "distractor": "entiendido", "explanation": "Stem changes don't apply to participles: entendido."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo te lo _____ dicho mil veces.", "correct": "he", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "yo + haber = he; pronouns go before haber."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "preterite-vs-imperfect",
|
||||
"target_count": 64,
|
||||
"seed_count": 49,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ con mi amigo. (hablar)", "correct": "hablé", "distractor": "hablo", "explanation": "Yo preterite of hablar = hablé (with accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ una pizza anoche. (comer)", "correct": "comiste", "distractor": "comes", "explanation": "Tú preterite of comer = comiste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ en Madrid el año pasado. (vivir)", "correct": "vivió", "distractor": "vive", "explanation": "Él/ella preterite of vivir = vivió."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en el restaurante ayer. (comer)", "correct": "comimos", "distractor": "comamos", "explanation": "Nosotros preterite of comer = comimos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ todo el día. (trabajar)", "correct": "trabajaron", "distractor": "trabajan", "explanation": "Ellos preterite of trabajar = trabajaron."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tres millas esta mañana. (correr)", "correct": "corrí", "distractor": "corro", "explanation": "Yo preterite of correr = corrí."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ la carta. (escribir)", "correct": "escribiste", "distractor": "escribes", "explanation": "Tú preterite of escribir = escribiste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ al cine.", "correct": "fui", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Preterite of ir = fui (completed action). 'Iba' is imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La fiesta _____ muy divertida.", "correct": "fue", "distractor": "era", "explanation": "An event that happened — use the preterite of ser (fue)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ a la playa el sábado.", "correct": "fuimos", "distractor": "vamos", "explanation": "Preterite of ir = fuimos. 'Vamos' is present."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ doctor antes, ¿verdad?", "correct": "fuiste", "distractor": "fue", "explanation": "Tú preterite of ser = fuiste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ al supermercado anoche.", "correct": "fueron", "distractor": "fueran", "explanation": "Preterite of ir, ellos form = fueron."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ difícil aprender español.", "correct": "Fue", "distractor": "Era", "explanation": "Completed evaluation of an event — preterite of ser (fue)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿A dónde _____ tú anoche?", "correct": "fuiste", "distractor": "fueras", "explanation": "Preterite of ir, tú form = fuiste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ que trabajar mucho. (tener)", "correct": "tuve", "distractor": "tení", "explanation": "Preterite of tener uses tuv- stem: tuve."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en la playa el verano pasado. (estar)", "correct": "estuvimos", "distractor": "estábamos", "explanation": "Preterite of estar uses estuv-: estuvimos. 'Estábamos' is imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ las llaves en la mesa. (poner)", "correct": "puse", "distractor": "ponía", "explanation": "Preterite of poner uses pus-: puse."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos me _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "dijeron", "distractor": "dijieron", "explanation": "j-stem verbs take -eron, not -ieron: dijeron."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Qué _____ tú anoche? (hacer)", "correct": "hiciste", "distractor": "hizo", "explanation": "Tú preterite of hacer = hiciste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ un pastel para mi cumpleaños. (hacer)", "correct": "hizo", "distractor": "hico", "explanation": "Él/ella form of hacer is hizo (with z) to preserve the soft sound."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tarde a la fiesta. (venir)", "correct": "vine", "distractor": "vení", "explanation": "Preterite of venir uses vin-: vine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ comida a la fiesta. (traer)", "correct": "trajimos", "distractor": "traímos", "explanation": "Preterite of traer uses traj-: trajimos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ el coche al taller. (conducir)", "correct": "condujiste", "distractor": "conduciste", "explanation": "Preterite of conducir uses conduj-: condujiste."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ ir a la fiesta. (poder)", "correct": "pude", "distractor": "podía", "explanation": "Preterite poder = pude (managed to / could). 'Podía' is imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ que estás casado. (saber)", "correct": "supe", "distractor": "sabía", "explanation": "Preterite saber = supe and means 'I found out'. 'Sabía' = 'I knew (already)'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ ocho horas anoche. (dormir)", "correct": "durmieron", "distractor": "dormieron", "explanation": "dormir is a 3rd-person stem-changer: o→u in ellos: durmieron."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ una hamburguesa. (pedir)", "correct": "pidió", "distractor": "pedió", "explanation": "pedir is a 3rd-person stem-changer: e→i in él/ella: pidió."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a mi amigo en la calle. (ver)", "correct": "vi", "distractor": "ví", "explanation": "Preterite ver = vi (no written accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo te _____ un regalo. (dar)", "correct": "di", "distractor": "dí", "explanation": "Preterite dar = di (no written accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ el periódico esta mañana. (leer)", "correct": "leyó", "distractor": "leió", "explanation": "leer takes y in 3rd person: leyó."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ al tenis ayer. (jugar)", "correct": "jugué", "distractor": "jugé", "explanation": "-gar verbs change yo to -gué: jugué."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ español por dos horas. (practicar)", "correct": "practiqué", "distractor": "practicé", "explanation": "-car verbs change yo to -qué: practiqué."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a estudiar a las ocho. (empezar)", "correct": "empecé", "distractor": "empezé", "explanation": "-zar verbs change yo to -cé: empecé."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando era niño, _____ al parque todos los días.", "correct": "iba", "distractor": "fui", "explanation": "Habitual past action → imperfect of ir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mientras yo _____, sonó el teléfono.", "correct": "comía", "distractor": "comí", "explanation": "Background ongoing action → imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando éramos jóvenes, nosotros _____ en Madrid.", "correct": "vivíamos", "distractor": "vivimos", "explanation": "Habitual past → imperfect of vivir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ las cinco cuando llegó.", "correct": "Eran", "distractor": "Fueron", "explanation": "Time in the past always uses imperfect of ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi abuela _____ mucho la tele.", "correct": "veía", "distractor": "vio", "explanation": "Habit → imperfect of ver."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ hablando cuando entró.", "correct": "estaba", "distractor": "estuve", "explanation": "Past progressive needs estar in the imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ muy alto de joven.", "correct": "era", "distractor": "fue", "explanation": "Trait/description → imperfect of ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú siempre _____ pan en la panadería.", "correct": "comprabas", "distractor": "compraste", "explanation": "'Siempre' + habitual action → imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella ya _____ salido. (haber)", "correct": "había", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "Past perfect uses imperfect haber 'había'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo ya _____ estudiado.", "correct": "había", "distractor": "habría", "explanation": "Yo form is 'había' in imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ visto la película.", "correct": "habíamos", "distractor": "hemos", "explanation": "Nosotros form 'habíamos' for past perfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Antes de llegar, yo ya _____ comido.", "correct": "había", "distractor": "he", "explanation": "Past perfect with antes de."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él no me lo _____ mostrado.", "correct": "había", "distractor": "habrá", "explanation": "Negation goes before haber, which stays imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I had a dog (state) → Yo _____ un perro.", "correct": "tenía", "distractor": "había tenido", "explanation": "Ongoing past state uses imperfect of tener."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I had to study → Yo _____ que estudiar.", "correct": "tuve", "distractor": "había", "explanation": "Completed obligation uses preterite of tener."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Antes de ir al trabajo, me _____ duchado.", "correct": "había", "distractor": "habíamos", "explanation": "Reflexive 'me' before haber, yo form 'había'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Anoche yo _____ una película muy buena. (ver)", "correct": "vi", "distractor": "veía", "explanation": "Completed event last night → preterite of ver."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando yo _____ joven, jugaba al fútbol.", "correct": "era", "distractor": "fui", "explanation": "Description in the past → imperfect of ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ el coche cuando empezó a llover.", "correct": "lavaban", "distractor": "lavaron", "explanation": "Ongoing background action → imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la tarea cuando llegó mi madre.", "correct": "hacía", "distractor": "hice", "explanation": "Action in progress interrupted by another → imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer mi padre me _____ cien dólares. (dar)", "correct": "dio", "distractor": "daba", "explanation": "Single completed event → preterite of dar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El concierto _____ fantástico anoche.", "correct": "fue", "distractor": "era", "explanation": "Completed event evaluation → preterite of ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Todos los domingos nosotros _____ a misa.", "correct": "íbamos", "distractor": "fuimos", "explanation": "'Todos los domingos' = habitual → imperfect of ir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "De repente, yo _____ un ruido extraño. (oír)", "correct": "oí", "distractor": "oía", "explanation": "'De repente' signals a sudden completed action → preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ cansada después del partido.", "correct": "estaba", "distractor": "estuvo", "explanation": "Description of state → imperfect of estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermano _____ tres veces a España.", "correct": "viajó", "distractor": "viajaba", "explanation": "Specific number of completed times → preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cada verano nosotros _____ a la playa.", "correct": "íbamos", "distractor": "fuimos", "explanation": "'Cada verano' = habitual → imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ la puerta y entró sin mirar.", "correct": "abrió", "distractor": "abría", "explanation": "Sequence of completed actions → preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mientras ella leía, su hijo _____. (dormir)", "correct": "dormía", "distractor": "durmió", "explanation": "Two simultaneous ongoing actions → both imperfect."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Cuando _____ cinco años, vivía en México.", "correct": "tenía", "distractor": "tuve", "explanation": "Age in the past → imperfect of tener."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El año pasado yo _____ a Italia. (ir)", "correct": "fui", "distractor": "iba", "explanation": "Specific completed trip → preterite of ir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la película tres veces el mes pasado.", "correct": "vi", "distractor": "veía", "explanation": "Specific completed count → preterite of ver."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "reflexive-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 13,
|
||||
"generated_count": 17,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ las manos antes de comer.", "correct": "me lavo", "distractor": "lavo", "explanation": "Lavarse needs the reflexive pronoun me when the action is on the subject."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ llamas?", "correct": "te", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Tú uses te."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ despertaron temprano.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Ellos uses se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ levantamos a las siete.", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Nosotros uses nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estás _____ ahora mismo.", "correct": "lavándote", "distractor": "lavandote", "explanation": "When the pronoun attaches to the gerund, an accent is required to keep the stress."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ pongo el abrigo.", "correct": "me", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "Yo uses me."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ fue de la fiesta.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Irse requires the reflexive pronoun se for él."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis hermanos _____ ayudan con la tarea.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Mis hermanos = ellos → se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vemos los domingos.", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Nosotros uses nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ saludaron en la calle.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Reciprocal saludarse uses se for ellos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "John y yo _____ conocimos en 2010.", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Subject is 'we' → nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis padres _____ aman mucho.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Mis padres = ellos → se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Vosotros _____ habláis a menudo?", "correct": "os", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Vosotros uses os."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ acuesta a las once.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Ella with acostarse uses se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ visto rápido por la mañana.", "correct": "me", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "Vestirse with yo takes me."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ duchas todos los días.", "correct": "te", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Ducharse with tú takes te."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy a _____ los dientes.", "correct": "cepillarme", "distractor": "me cepillar", "explanation": "Pronoun attaches to the infinitive: cepillarme."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella quiere _____ temprano.", "correct": "acostarse", "distractor": "se acostar", "explanation": "Pronoun attaches to the infinitive after a conjugated verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estoy _____ para la fiesta.", "correct": "vistiéndome", "distractor": "vistiendome", "explanation": "Attaching me to the gerund requires a written accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños están _____ las manos.", "correct": "lavándose", "distractor": "lavandose", "explanation": "Gerund with attached se needs an accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ a las seis.", "correct": "me levantaré", "distractor": "levantaré me", "explanation": "Reflexive pronoun precedes the conjugated future verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ayer ella _____ tarde.", "correct": "se acostó", "distractor": "acostó se", "explanation": "Pronoun precedes the conjugated preterite verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ relajamos los fines de semana.", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Relajarse with nosotros takes nos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis amigos _____ divirtieron mucho.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Divertirse with ellos takes se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ siento bien hoy.", "correct": "me", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "Sentirse with yo takes me; pronoun precedes negative + verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella va a _____ el pelo.", "correct": "secarse", "distractor": "se secar", "explanation": "Pronoun attaches to the infinitive: secarse."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú debes _____ antes de salir.", "correct": "peinarte", "distractor": "te peinar", "explanation": "Pronoun attaches to the infinitive matching the subject (tú → te)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Por qué _____ enojas tanto?", "correct": "te", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Enojarse with tú takes te."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los gatos _____ esconden debajo de la cama.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Esconderse with ellos takes se."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ desperté a las cinco.", "correct": "me", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Despertarse with yo takes me."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "relative-pronouns",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo usaré el teléfono _____ yo compré.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "lo que", "explanation": "Refers to a specific noun (teléfono), so use que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ yo quiero es una casa.", "correct": "Lo que", "distractor": "Que", "explanation": "Refers to an abstract idea ('what I want'), so use lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú no sabes _____ tú quieres.", "correct": "lo que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "'What you want' is unspecified — lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La casa _____ tú ves es grande.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "lo que", "explanation": "Modifying a specific noun (casa)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo veo _____ ese hombre está caminando.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "lo que", "explanation": "Conjunction joining clauses ('I see that…')."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ ellos necesitan es algo para comer.", "correct": "Lo que", "distractor": "Que", "explanation": "Abstract subject of the sentence."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no vi _____ tú me diste.", "correct": "lo que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Unspecified thing — lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo he tomado la medicina _____ el doctor me dio.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "lo que", "explanation": "Modifies medicina, a specific noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El chico con _____ hablo es mi primo.", "correct": "quien", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "After a preposition with a person, use quien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La mujer _____ vive aquí es doctora.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "quien", "explanation": "In a defining clause, que works for people too."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ese es el señor a _____ le di el dinero.", "correct": "quien", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Person after preposition a → quien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis amigos, _____ viven en Lima, vienen mañana.", "correct": "quienes", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Non-defining clause about people uses quienes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El libro _____ portada es roja es mío.", "correct": "cuya", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Possession ('whose cover') uses cuyo/a, agreeing with portada."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El profesor _____ clases tomamos es famoso.", "correct": "cuyas", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Cuyas agrees with clases (fem. plural)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ese es el hombre _____ hijo es médico.", "correct": "cuyo", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Cuyo agrees with hijo (masc. singular)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ me molesta es su actitud.", "correct": "Lo que", "distractor": "Quien", "explanation": "Abstract subject ('what bothers me') uses lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La razón por _____ vine es importante.", "correct": "la que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "After preposition + feminine noun, use la que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los chicos con _____ jugué son simpáticos.", "correct": "los que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "After preposition + masc. plural antecedent, use los que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las casas en _____ vivimos son nuevas.", "correct": "las que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "After preposition + fem. plural antecedent, use las que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El edificio en _____ trabajo es alto.", "correct": "el que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Preposition en + masc. sing. antecedent → el que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella es la persona _____ me ayudó.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "quien", "explanation": "Defining clause subject prefers que, even for people."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No entiendo _____ dices.", "correct": "lo que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Unspecified content ('what you say') uses lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El estudiante _____ ganó el premio es Pablo.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "quien", "explanation": "Defining clause: que works for people."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La señora _____ hijos estudian aquí es amable.", "correct": "cuyos", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Cuyos agrees with hijos (masc. plural)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Eso es _____ pasó ayer.", "correct": "lo que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Refers to an event/idea, not a noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las personas a _____ invité llegaron tarde.", "correct": "quienes", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Personal a + people → quienes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El coche _____ está afuera es mío.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "quien", "explanation": "Things always use que, never quien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Recuerdo todo _____ me dijiste.", "correct": "lo que", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Todo + relative refers to abstract whole — lo que."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana, _____ vive en México, me visita.", "correct": "quien", "distractor": "que", "explanation": "Non-defining clause about a person prefers quien."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El país _____ visité fue Perú.", "correct": "que", "distractor": "lo que", "explanation": "Modifies a specific noun (país) — use que."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "saber-vs-conocer",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 12,
|
||||
"generated_count": 18,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la respuesta a la pregunta.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "conozco", "explanation": "Knowing a fact uses saber; yo form is sé (with accent)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ tocar la guitarra muy bien.", "correct": "sabes", "distractor": "conoces", "explanation": "Knowing how to do something is a skill — use saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ hablar tres idiomas.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Yo sé needs the accent; without it, 'se' is a reflexive pronoun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la verdad sobre eso.", "correct": "sabemos", "distractor": "conocemos", "explanation": "The truth is a fact — use saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ cocinar comida italiana.", "correct": "sabe", "distractor": "conoce", "explanation": "Cooking is a skill (how to do something) — use saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ qué hora es.", "correct": "saben", "distractor": "conocen", "explanation": "Time is factual information — use saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a María desde la escuela.", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "sé", "explanation": "Knowing a person uses conocer (with personal 'a'). Yo form is conozco."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Tú _____ Madrid?", "correct": "conoces", "distractor": "sabes", "explanation": "Knowing a place uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ esta canción.", "correct": "conocemos", "distractor": "sabemos", "explanation": "Being familiar with a thing uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ a mis padres.", "correct": "conocen", "distractor": "saben", "explanation": "Knowing people uses conocer with personal a."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ que tú vienes mañana.", "correct": "sabe", "distractor": "conoce", "explanation": "A fact (that you're coming) uses saber, not conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ ese restaurante; está cerca.", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "sé", "explanation": "Familiarity with a place uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ tú dónde vive Pedro?", "correct": "Sabes", "distractor": "Conoces", "explanation": "Knowing a fact (an address) uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero _____ a tu nuevo novio.", "correct": "conocer", "distractor": "saber", "explanation": "To meet a person uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No _____ nadar muy bien.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "conozco", "explanation": "Skill (how to swim) uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi tío _____ muy bien la ciudad.", "correct": "conoce", "distractor": "sabe", "explanation": "Familiarity with a place uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ ustedes el número de teléfono?", "correct": "Saben", "distractor": "Conocen", "explanation": "A phone number is factual info — saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ a ese profesor.", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "sé", "explanation": "Personal 'a' + person → conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ todos los museos de París.", "correct": "conocen", "distractor": "saben", "explanation": "Familiarity with places uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ cuándo empieza la clase.", "correct": "sabes", "distractor": "conoces", "explanation": "Factual information uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero _____ la verdad.", "correct": "saber", "distractor": "conocer", "explanation": "The truth is a fact — saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ a un actor famoso.", "correct": "conoce", "distractor": "sabe", "explanation": "Personal a + person → conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la dirección del hotel.", "correct": "sabemos", "distractor": "conocemos", "explanation": "An address as info uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ París, ¿verdad?", "correct": "conocéis", "distractor": "sabéis", "explanation": "Familiarity with a city uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ que tú tienes razón.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "conozco", "explanation": "Knowing a fact (that-clause) uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ usted manejar?", "correct": "Sabe", "distractor": "Conoce", "explanation": "Knowing how to do something uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ana _____ a todos en la oficina.", "correct": "conoce", "distractor": "sabe", "explanation": "Knowing people uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis hermanos _____ leer en alemán.", "correct": "saben", "distractor": "conocen", "explanation": "Skill (how to read) uses saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿_____ tú esta novela?", "correct": "Conoces", "distractor": "Sabes", "explanation": "Familiarity with a book/work uses conocer."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él no _____ por qué llegó tarde.", "correct": "sabe", "distractor": "conoce", "explanation": "Knowing a fact/reason uses saber."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "se-constructions",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 0,
|
||||
"generated_count": 30,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Aquí _____ español.", "correct": "se habla", "distractor": "se hablan", "explanation": "Impersonal se: verb stays singular for general statements."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ casas en esta calle.", "correct": "Se venden", "distractor": "Se vende", "explanation": "Passive se: verb agrees with plural subject 'casas'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se _____ profesores de inglés.", "correct": "necesitan", "distractor": "necesita", "explanation": "Passive se agrees with plural subject 'profesores'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se me _____ el vaso.", "correct": "cayó", "distractor": "cayeron", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with the singular subject 'vaso'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se le _____ las llaves a Juan.", "correct": "olvidaron", "distractor": "olvidó", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with plural 'las llaves'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ las manos antes de comer.", "correct": "se lava", "distractor": "lava", "explanation": "Reflexive se: she washes herself."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ todos los viernes.", "correct": "nos vemos", "distractor": "vemos", "explanation": "Reciprocal se with nosotros uses 'nos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ esto en español?", "correct": "se dice", "distractor": "se dicen", "explanation": "Impersonal se with singular verb: 'how does one say'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se _____ varios idiomas en Suiza.", "correct": "hablan", "distractor": "habla", "explanation": "Passive se agrees with plural 'idiomas'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se nos _____ la ventana.", "correct": "rompió", "distractor": "rompimos", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with subject 'ventana', not 'nos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ que va a llover mañana.", "correct": "Se dice", "distractor": "Se dicen", "explanation": "Impersonal se for 'they say' uses singular verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los novios _____ en la boda.", "correct": "se besaron", "distractor": "besaron", "explanation": "Reciprocal se: they kissed each other."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se me _____ la paciencia.", "correct": "acabó", "distractor": "acabé", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with subject 'paciencia'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Aquí _____ computadoras.", "correct": "se reparan", "distractor": "se repara", "explanation": "Passive se with plural subject 'computadoras'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a las siete de la mañana.", "correct": "me levanto", "distractor": "se levanto", "explanation": "Reflexive se with yo uses 'me'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "En España _____ muy tarde.", "correct": "se cena", "distractor": "se cenan", "explanation": "Impersonal se: 'people eat dinner' uses singular verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se _____ una nueva tienda ayer.", "correct": "abrió", "distractor": "abrieron", "explanation": "Passive se with singular subject 'tienda'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se te _____ el teléfono otra vez.", "correct": "perdió", "distractor": "perdiste", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with subject 'teléfono'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis padres _____ mucho.", "correct": "se aman", "distractor": "aman", "explanation": "Reciprocal se: they love each other."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ bien en este barrio.", "correct": "Se vive", "distractor": "Se viven", "explanation": "Impersonal se: 'one lives well' uses singular verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El gato _____ las patas.", "correct": "se lame", "distractor": "lame", "explanation": "Reflexive se: the cat licks its own paws."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se le _____ el dinero al turista.", "correct": "perdió", "distractor": "perdieron", "explanation": "Accidental se: subject 'dinero' is singular."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se _____ apartamentos amueblados.", "correct": "alquilan", "distractor": "alquila", "explanation": "Passive se agrees with plural 'apartamentos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana y yo _____ cartas largas.", "correct": "nos escribimos", "distractor": "se escriben", "explanation": "Reciprocal with nosotros uses 'nos escribimos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ rápidamente cada mañana.", "correct": "te vistes", "distractor": "se viste", "explanation": "Reflexive se with tú uses 'te'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se nos _____ los huevos en el suelo.", "correct": "cayeron", "distractor": "cayó", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with plural 'huevos'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ mucho en este restaurante.", "correct": "Se come", "distractor": "Se comen", "explanation": "Impersonal se: 'one eats' uses singular verb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se _____ las puertas a las nueve.", "correct": "cierran", "distractor": "cierra", "explanation": "Passive se agrees with plural 'puertas'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los amigos _____ al despedirse.", "correct": "se abrazaron", "distractor": "abrazaron", "explanation": "Reciprocal se: they hugged each other."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Se me _____ los nombres de mis primos.", "correct": "olvidan", "distractor": "olvido", "explanation": "Accidental se: verb agrees with plural 'nombres'."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
45
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/ser-vs-estar.json
Normal file
45
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/final/ser-vs-estar.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "ser-vs-estar",
|
||||
"target_count": 37,
|
||||
"seed_count": 22,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ de México.", "correct": "soy", "distractor": "estoy", "explanation": "Place of origin uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ doctora.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Occupation uses ser; no indefinite article needed."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ amigos.", "correct": "somos", "distractor": "estamos", "explanation": "Identity (we are friends) uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ las tres de la tarde.", "correct": "Son", "distractor": "Es", "explanation": "Hours 2 and up are plural → son."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "_____ la una en punto.", "correct": "Es", "distractor": "Son", "explanation": "1 o'clock is singular → es la una."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La fiesta _____ en mi casa.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Where an event TAKES PLACE uses ser, not estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ muy alto.", "correct": "eres", "distractor": "estás", "explanation": "Physical trait → factual → ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ feliz hoy.", "correct": "estoy", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Emotion that changes over time → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Dónde _____ tú?", "correct": "estás", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "Location → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las puertas _____ abiertas.", "correct": "están", "distractor": "son", "explanation": "Current condition → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Él _____ alto.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Physical trait → factual → ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en el parque.", "correct": "estamos", "distractor": "somos", "explanation": "Location → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ ocupado ahora.", "correct": "estás", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "Temporary condition right now → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hoy _____ nublado.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Weather adjective → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La puerta está _____ (cerrar).", "correct": "cerrada", "distractor": "cerrado", "explanation": "Puerta is feminine; participle agrees."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El libro está _____ (abrir).", "correct": "abierto", "distractor": "abrido", "explanation": "Abrir has irregular participle 'abierto'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los textos están _____ (escribir).", "correct": "escritos", "distractor": "escribidos", "explanation": "Irregular 'escrito', plural masculine."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La cama está _____ (hacer).", "correct": "hecha", "distractor": "hacida", "explanation": "Hacer→hecho; agrees with feminine cama."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El problema está _____ (resolver).", "correct": "resuelto", "distractor": "resolvido", "explanation": "Resolver has irregular 'resuelto'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis respuestas están _____ (completar).", "correct": "completas", "distractor": "completados", "explanation": "Respuestas is feminine plural."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El día está _____ (morir).", "correct": "muerto", "distractor": "morido", "explanation": "Morir has irregular 'muerto'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El _____ Día de los _____.", "correct": "Muertos", "distractor": "Muerto", "explanation": "Plural masculine: Muertos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi padre _____ ingeniero.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Profession uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La sopa _____ muy caliente.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Temporary state of food → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi cumpleaños _____ en mayo.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Time/date of an event uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El museo _____ en el centro.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Permanent location of a building uses estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta camisa _____ de algodón.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Material uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El bebé _____ dormido.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Current condition → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana _____ inteligente.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Inherent characteristic uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ enfermo hoy.", "correct": "estoy", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Temporary health condition → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estos zapatos _____ míos.", "correct": "son", "distractor": "están", "explanation": "Possession uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños _____ cansados.", "correct": "están", "distractor": "son", "explanation": "Temporary state → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El concierto _____ a las ocho.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Time of an event uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ muy guapa hoy.", "correct": "estás", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "'You look especially nice today' → temporary appearance → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Madrid _____ la capital de España.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Identification uses ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El café _____ frío.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Temporary condition of the coffee → estar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ estudiantes.", "correct": "somos", "distractor": "estamos", "explanation": "Identity / role uses ser."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "spanish-suffixes",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 0,
|
||||
"generated_count": 30,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi abuela me llama 'mi _____' (little dog).", "correct": "perrito", "distractor": "perrazo", "explanation": "-ito is the diminutive; -azo is augmentative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vivimos en una _____ cerca del río.", "correct": "casita", "distractor": "casona", "explanation": "-ita means small/cute; -ona means big."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta sopa está _____ (extremely delicious).", "correct": "riquísima", "distractor": "riquita", "explanation": "-ísima is the absolute superlative ('extremely')."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El examen fue _____ (extremely hard).", "correct": "dificilísimo", "distractor": "dificilito", "explanation": "-ísimo intensifies adjectives to mean 'extremely'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tomamos una decisión importante; fue una buena _____.", "correct": "decisión", "distractor": "decididad", "explanation": "-ción turns the verb 'decidir' into a noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La _____ entre los países es buena.", "correct": "comunicación", "distractor": "comunicador", "explanation": "-ción forms abstract nouns from verbs."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La _____ es lo más importante en la vida.", "correct": "felicidad", "distractor": "felizmente", "explanation": "-dad turns the adjective 'feliz' into a noun."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Lucharon por la _____ del pueblo.", "correct": "libertad", "distractor": "libremente", "explanation": "-tad/-dad creates abstract quality nouns."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Camina muy _____ por el parque.", "correct": "lentamente", "distractor": "lentidad", "explanation": "-mente turns adjectives into adverbs ('-ly')."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Habla _____ para que todos entiendan.", "correct": "claramente", "distractor": "claridad", "explanation": "-mente attaches to the feminine adjective to form an adverb."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi tío trabaja como _____ y hace pan rico.", "correct": "panadero", "distractor": "panadería", "explanation": "-ero names the person; -ería names the place."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Voy a la _____ a comprar pan fresco.", "correct": "panadería", "distractor": "panadero", "explanation": "-ería names the shop or place."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesito ir a la _____ a comprar zapatos.", "correct": "zapatería", "distractor": "zapatero", "explanation": "-ería marks the shop where shoes are sold."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El _____ reparte cartas todos los días.", "correct": "cartero", "distractor": "cartería", "explanation": "-ero names the person who works with letters."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Compré la carne en la _____ del barrio.", "correct": "carnicería", "distractor": "carnicero", "explanation": "-ería names the place; -ero would name the butcher himself."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Espera un _____ por favor.", "correct": "momentito", "distractor": "momentazo", "explanation": "-ito softens the noun and makes it sound polite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vamos a tomar un _____ en la tarde.", "correct": "cafecito", "distractor": "cafetón", "explanation": "-cito is the diminutive used after -e or consonants."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El golfista marcó un _____ increíble.", "correct": "golazo", "distractor": "golito", "explanation": "-azo intensifies and means 'huge/amazing'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi prima estudia para ser _____.", "correct": "dentista", "distractor": "dentería", "explanation": "-ista names a person devoted to a profession."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es un gran _____ de fútbol profesional.", "correct": "jugador", "distractor": "jugadero", "explanation": "-dor names a person who does an action."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El museo está lleno de obras de _____.", "correct": "arte", "distractor": "artista", "explanation": "Use the root noun 'arte'; -ista names the artist."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El paisaje es _____ y muy verde.", "correct": "hermoso", "distractor": "hermosura", "explanation": "-oso forms adjectives meaning 'full of'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esa carretera es muy _____.", "correct": "peligrosa", "distractor": "peligrosidad", "explanation": "-osa creates the feminine adjective 'dangerous'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi sobrino es un niño _____.", "correct": "cariñoso", "distractor": "cariñazo", "explanation": "-oso means 'full of'; here, 'full of affection'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta tarea es _____ de hacer.", "correct": "posible", "distractor": "posibilidad", "explanation": "-ble forms adjectives meaning 'able to be'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermana es muy _____ en su trabajo.", "correct": "creativa", "distractor": "creación", "explanation": "-iva forms adjectives meaning 'tending toward'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi amiga es _____ porque nació en México.", "correct": "mexicana", "distractor": "mexicanidad", "explanation": "-ana names someone from a place."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El estadio es _____ (extremely big).", "correct": "grandísimo", "distractor": "grandecito", "explanation": "-ísimo intensifies; -ecito would diminish."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Trabajo como _____ en un hospital.", "correct": "enfermera", "distractor": "enfermería", "explanation": "-era names the female occupation; -ería would be the place."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La biblioteca tiene una _____ enorme de libros.", "correct": "colección", "distractor": "coleccionista", "explanation": "-ción turns the verb into an abstract noun."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "stem-changing-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a estudiar a las nueve. (empezar)", "correct": "empiezo", "distractor": "empezo", "explanation": "empezar is e→ie; the yo form is empiezo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ al fútbol los sábados. (jugar)", "correct": "jugamos", "distractor": "juegamos", "explanation": "Nosotros doesn't take the stem change; it stays jugamos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ que sí. (decir)", "correct": "dice", "distractor": "dece", "explanation": "decir is e→i; él/ella form is dice."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tu cumpleaños. (recordar)", "correct": "recuerdo", "distractor": "recordo", "explanation": "recordar is o→ue; the yo form is recuerdo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ venir hoy. (poder)", "correct": "pueden", "distractor": "poden", "explanation": "poder is o→ue; ellos form is pueden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ pronto. (empezar)", "correct": "empezáis", "distractor": "empiezáis", "explanation": "Vosotros keeps the original stem: empezáis."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ en español. (pensar)", "correct": "pienso", "distractor": "penso", "explanation": "Pensar is e→ie; yo form is pienso."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ café por la mañana. (querer)", "correct": "quieres", "distractor": "queres", "explanation": "Querer is e→ie; tú form is quieres."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El profesor _____ la puerta. (cerrar)", "correct": "cierra", "distractor": "cerra", "explanation": "Cerrar is e→ie; él form is cierra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ frío en invierno. (sentir)", "correct": "siento", "distractor": "sento", "explanation": "Sentir is e→ie; yo form is siento."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ jugar mañana. (poder)", "correct": "podemos", "distractor": "puedemos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the original stem: podemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mis hijos _____ ocho horas. (dormir)", "correct": "duermen", "distractor": "dormen", "explanation": "Dormir is o→ue; ellos form is duermen."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ una historia divertida. (contar)", "correct": "cuenta", "distractor": "conta", "explanation": "Contar is o→ue; ella form is cuenta."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a casa después de clase. (volver)", "correct": "vuelvo", "distractor": "volvo", "explanation": "Volver is o→ue; yo form is vuelvo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ un café en el bar. (pedir)", "correct": "pides", "distractor": "pedes", "explanation": "Pedir is e→i; tú form is pides."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El camarero _____ la comida. (servir)", "correct": "sirve", "distractor": "serve", "explanation": "Servir is e→i; él form is sirve."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los estudiantes _____ las palabras. (repetir)", "correct": "repiten", "distractor": "repeten", "explanation": "Repetir is e→i; ellos form is repiten."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ al tenis los domingos. (jugar)", "correct": "juego", "distractor": "jugo", "explanation": "Jugar is u→ue; yo form is juego."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ al baloncesto. (jugar)", "correct": "juega", "distractor": "juga", "explanation": "Jugar is u→ue; ella form is juega."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "decimos", "distractor": "dicimos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the original stem: decimos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ pronto. (dormir)", "correct": "dormís", "distractor": "duermís", "explanation": "Vosotros keeps the original stem: dormís."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi madre _____ a las seis. (volver)", "correct": "vuelve", "distractor": "volve", "explanation": "Volver is o→ue; ella form is vuelve."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ ir al parque. (querer)", "correct": "quieren", "distractor": "queren", "explanation": "Querer is e→ie; ellos form is quieren."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ ayuda a mi profesor. (pedir)", "correct": "pido", "distractor": "pedo", "explanation": "Pedir is e→i; yo form is pido."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ que es importante. (pensar)", "correct": "piensas", "distractor": "pensas", "explanation": "Pensar is e→ie; tú form is piensas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ café con leche. (servir)", "correct": "servís", "distractor": "sirvís", "explanation": "Vosotros keeps the original stem: servís."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ ocho horas cada noche. (dormir)", "correct": "duerme", "distractor": "dorme", "explanation": "Dormir is o→ue; ella form is duerme."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los chicos _____ pizza para cenar. (pedir)", "correct": "piden", "distractor": "peden", "explanation": "Pedir is e→i; ellos form is piden."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la puerta con llave. (cerrar)", "correct": "cierro", "distractor": "cerro", "explanation": "Cerrar is e→ie; yo form is cierro."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ del trabajo a las cinco. (volver)", "correct": "vuelves", "distractor": "volves", "explanation": "Volver is o→ue; tú form is vuelves."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ una historia increíble. (contar)", "correct": "contamos", "distractor": "cuentamos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the original stem: contamos."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "stressed-possessives",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 6,
|
||||
"generated_count": 24,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estos libros son _____ (mine).", "correct": "míos", "distractor": "mío", "explanation": "Plural masculine noun (libros) → míos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La casa es _____ (ours).", "correct": "nuestra", "distractor": "nuestro", "explanation": "Casa is feminine singular → nuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Una amiga _____ (of mine) llegó ayer.", "correct": "mía", "distractor": "mío", "explanation": "Amiga is feminine → mía."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los problemas son _____ (theirs).", "correct": "suyos", "distractor": "suya", "explanation": "Problemas is masc. plural → suyos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El coche _____ (of yours, tú) es nuevo.", "correct": "tuyo", "distractor": "tuya", "explanation": "Coche is masc. sing. → tuyo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las ideas _____ (yours, vosotros) son buenas.", "correct": "vuestras", "distractor": "vuestros", "explanation": "Ideas is fem. plural → vuestras."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El libro es _____ (mine).", "correct": "mío", "distractor": "mía", "explanation": "Libro is masc. sing. → mío."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Un primo _____ (of mine) vive en Lima.", "correct": "mío", "distractor": "míos", "explanation": "Primo is masc. sing. → mío."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estas zapatillas son _____ (mine).", "correct": "mías", "distractor": "míos", "explanation": "Zapatillas is fem. plural → mías."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La mochila es _____ (yours, tú).", "correct": "tuya", "distractor": "tuyo", "explanation": "Mochila is fem. sing. → tuya."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los cuadernos _____ (yours, tú) están aquí.", "correct": "tuyos", "distractor": "tuyas", "explanation": "Cuadernos is masc. plural → tuyos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estas llaves son _____ (yours, tú).", "correct": "tuyas", "distractor": "tuyos", "explanation": "Llaves is fem. plural → tuyas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El teclado es _____ (his).", "correct": "suyo", "distractor": "suya", "explanation": "Teclado is masc. sing. → suyo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La oficina es _____ (hers).", "correct": "suya", "distractor": "suyo", "explanation": "Oficina is fem. sing. → suya."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las maletas son _____ (theirs).", "correct": "suyas", "distractor": "suyos", "explanation": "Maletas is fem. plural → suyas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Un perro _____ (of his) ladra mucho.", "correct": "suyo", "distractor": "suya", "explanation": "Perro is masc. sing. → suyo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El profesor _____ (ours) es muy bueno.", "correct": "nuestro", "distractor": "nuestra", "explanation": "Profesor is masc. sing. → nuestro."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los amigos _____ (ours) llegan hoy.", "correct": "nuestros", "distractor": "nuestras", "explanation": "Amigos is masc. plural → nuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las clases _____ (ours) son largas.", "correct": "nuestras", "distractor": "nuestros", "explanation": "Clases is fem. plural → nuestras."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El coche _____ (yours, vosotros) está sucio.", "correct": "vuestro", "distractor": "vuestra", "explanation": "Coche is masc. sing. → vuestro."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La casa _____ (yours, vosotros) es grande.", "correct": "vuestra", "distractor": "vuestro", "explanation": "Casa is fem. sing. → vuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los problemas _____ (yours, vosotros) son míos.", "correct": "vuestros", "distractor": "vuestras", "explanation": "Problemas is masc. plural → vuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Esta computadora es _____ (mine).", "correct": "mía", "distractor": "mío", "explanation": "Computadora is fem. sing. → mía."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Unos vecinos _____ (of ours) vienen a cenar.", "correct": "nuestros", "distractor": "nuestro", "explanation": "Vecinos is masc. plural → nuestros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El bolígrafo es _____ (mine).", "correct": "mío", "distractor": "mía", "explanation": "Bolígrafo is masc. sing. → mío."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "La bicicleta _____ (yours, tú) es roja.", "correct": "tuya", "distractor": "tuyo", "explanation": "Bicicleta is fem. sing. → tuya."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Estos zapatos son _____ (his).", "correct": "suyos", "distractor": "suyas", "explanation": "Zapatos is masc. plural → suyos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Una hermana _____ (of ours) estudia medicina.", "correct": "nuestra", "distractor": "nuestro", "explanation": "Hermana is fem. sing. → nuestra."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los gatos son _____ (mine).", "correct": "míos", "distractor": "mías", "explanation": "Gatos is masc. plural → míos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Las fotos _____ (yours, tú) están bonitas.", "correct": "tuyas", "distractor": "tuyos", "explanation": "Fotos is fem. plural → tuyas."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "subjunctive-triggers",
|
||||
"target_count": 60,
|
||||
"seed_count": 45,
|
||||
"generated_count": 15,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo quiero que tú _____ español. (estudiar)", "correct": "estudies", "distractor": "estudias", "explanation": "querer triggers subjunctive; second clause has a new subject."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es necesario que nosotros _____ aquí. (estar)", "correct": "estemos", "distractor": "estamos", "explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo sé que tú _____ la verdad. (decir)", "correct": "dices", "distractor": "digas", "explanation": "saber states a fact — indicative, not subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dudo que él _____ a la fiesta. (venir)", "correct": "venga", "distractor": "viene", "explanation": "dudar (Doubt) triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es un hecho que la Tierra _____ redonda. (ser)", "correct": "es", "distractor": "sea", "explanation": "Statement of fact uses indicative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Espero que tú _____ bien. (estar)", "correct": "estés", "distractor": "estás", "explanation": "esperar (Emotion) triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Recomiendo que ustedes _____ todos los días. (practicar)", "correct": "practiquen", "distractor": "practican", "explanation": "recomendar triggers subjunctive; -car → -quen spelling change."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero que tú _____ ahora. (hablar)", "correct": "hables", "distractor": "hablas", "explanation": "-ar verbs take -e endings in present subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Espero que él _____ algo nuevo. (aprender)", "correct": "aprenda", "distractor": "aprende", "explanation": "-er verbs take -a endings."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es importante que nosotros _____ a tiempo. (llegar)", "correct": "lleguemos", "distractor": "llegamos", "explanation": "-gar → -gue spelling change to keep hard g sound."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Dudo que ella _____ la verdad. (saber)", "correct": "sepa", "distractor": "sabe", "explanation": "saber is one of the 5 fully irregular verbs."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero que tú _____ feliz. (ser)", "correct": "seas", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "ser → sea, seas, sea…"},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es necesario que él _____ al doctor. (ir)", "correct": "vaya", "distractor": "va", "explanation": "ir → vaya in present subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quiero que nosotros _____ temprano. (dormir)", "correct": "durmamos", "distractor": "dormamos", "explanation": "-ir stem-changer: dormir changes o→u in nosotros."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Recomiendo que tú _____ este texto. (analizar)", "correct": "analices", "distractor": "analizas", "explanation": "-zar → -ce spelling change."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es bueno que yo _____ paciencia. (tener)", "correct": "tenga", "distractor": "tengo", "explanation": "Irregular yo verb: tengo → tenga across all persons."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú esperas que yo _____ el libro. (comprar)", "correct": "compre", "distractor": "compro", "explanation": "esperar (Emotion) triggers subjunctive; -ar takes -e."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella desea que nosotros _____ más. (escribir)", "correct": "escribamos", "distractor": "escribimos", "explanation": "-ir verb in subjunctive takes -a endings."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te recomendamos que tú _____ este coche. (conducir)", "correct": "conduzcas", "distractor": "conduces", "explanation": "Irregular yo: conduzco → conduzcas."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos dudan que él _____ mucho. (decir)", "correct": "diga", "distractor": "dice", "explanation": "Irregular yo: digo → diga."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es bueno que ella _____ feliz. (ser)", "correct": "sea", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive; ser → sea."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es triste que ellos _____ sin decir adiós. (ir)", "correct": "vayan", "distractor": "van", "explanation": "ir is fully irregular: vayan."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo quiero que él _____ con sus amigos. (jugar)", "correct": "juegue", "distractor": "juega", "explanation": "Stem change u→ue plus -gar spelling change to gu."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es importante que tú me lo _____ ahora. (dar)", "correct": "des", "distractor": "das", "explanation": "dar is fully irregular: dé, des, dé…"},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo quería que tú _____ conmigo.", "correct": "hablaras", "distractor": "hablas", "explanation": "Querer in imperfect triggers past subjunctive in the subordinate clause."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si yo _____ rico, compraría una casa.", "correct": "fuera", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Contrary-to-fact si-clauses use the past subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella esperaba que yo _____ encontrarlo.", "correct": "pudiera", "distractor": "puedo", "explanation": "Esperar in past + W.E.I.R.D. trigger requires past subjunctive of poder."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos dudaban que él _____ lo que era.", "correct": "supiera", "distractor": "sabía", "explanation": "Dudar (Doubt) triggers subjunctive; past frame requires past subjunctive of saber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Era necesario que nosotros _____ a la escuela.", "correct": "fuéramos", "distractor": "íbamos", "explanation": "Impersonal expression in past + ir uses fuéramos (note accent on nosotros form)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú tenías miedo de que él te lo _____.", "correct": "diera", "distractor": "dio", "explanation": "Emotion in past triggers past subjunctive; dar → diera."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Necesitábamos que tú lo _____ aquí.", "correct": "pusieras", "distractor": "pones", "explanation": "Past necesitar + W.E.I.R.D. trigger; poner → pusieras."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo esperaba que ellos _____ un perro.", "correct": "tuvieran", "distractor": "tienen", "explanation": "Esperar in imperfect requires past subjunctive of tener."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo espero que tú _____ dormido bien.", "correct": "hayas", "distractor": "has", "explanation": "Esperar triggers subjunctive; haber must be in present subjunctive (hayas)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es posible que nosotros _____ hecho algo malo.", "correct": "hayamos", "distractor": "hemos", "explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive form of haber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No creemos que tú hayas _____ mucho.", "correct": "comido", "distractor": "comer", "explanation": "After haya- forms you need a past participle, not an infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es triste que él no lo _____ pasado.", "correct": "haya", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "Emotion (es triste) triggers subjunctive; the object pronoun lo goes before haya."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es imposible que ellos hayan _____ un libro.", "correct": "escrito", "distractor": "escribido", "explanation": "Escribir has the irregular past participle escrito."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es una lástima que ellos no me lo _____ dado.", "correct": "hayan", "distractor": "han", "explanation": "Impersonal triggers subjunctive; both pronouns precede the haber form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella duda que nosotros _____ venido tan rápido.", "correct": "hayamos", "distractor": "habíamos", "explanation": "Dudar triggers subjunctive in the present, not the past — use hayamos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo dudaba que tú _____ llegado.", "correct": "hubieras", "distractor": "habías", "explanation": "Dudar in past triggers past perfect subjunctive of haber."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No había nadie que _____ dormido.", "correct": "hubiera", "distractor": "había", "explanation": "Negative antecedent (nadie) plus past frame requires past perfect subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No era cierto que yo lo _____ llamado.", "correct": "hubiera", "distractor": "había", "explanation": "Impersonal negation triggers subjunctive; the object pronoun lo precedes hubiera."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Si tú _____ estudiado, habrías aprobado.", "correct": "hubieras", "distractor": "habías", "explanation": "Past contrary-to-fact si-clause uses past perfect subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú esperabas que él _____ ganado el juego.", "correct": "hubiera", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "Esperar in past + past-of-past meaning needs hubiera + past participle."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Había alguien que _____ visto la película?", "correct": "hubiera", "distractor": "ha", "explanation": "Indefinite/uncertain antecedent in past triggers past perfect subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ojalá que mañana _____ sol. (hacer)", "correct": "haga", "distractor": "hace", "explanation": "Ojalá always triggers the subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Creo que él _____ en casa. (estar)", "correct": "está", "distractor": "esté", "explanation": "Affirmative creer expresses certainty → indicative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No creo que él _____ razón. (tener)", "correct": "tenga", "distractor": "tiene", "explanation": "Negated creer expresses doubt → subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te llamo cuando _____ a casa. (llegar)", "correct": "llegue", "distractor": "llego", "explanation": "Cuando referring to a future action takes the subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Siempre te llamo cuando _____ a casa. (llegar)", "correct": "llego", "distractor": "llegue", "explanation": "Habitual cuando uses indicative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Busco un libro que _____ interesante. (ser)", "correct": "sea", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Unknown/hypothetical antecedent triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo un amigo que _____ francés. (hablar)", "correct": "habla", "distractor": "hable", "explanation": "Known, existing antecedent → indicative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Trabajo para que mis hijos _____ una vida mejor. (tener)", "correct": "tengan", "distractor": "tienen", "explanation": "Para que always triggers the subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Te ayudo aunque no me lo _____. (pedir)", "correct": "pidas", "distractor": "pides", "explanation": "Aunque with hypothetical/future sense uses subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es evidente que él _____ cansado. (estar)", "correct": "está", "distractor": "esté", "explanation": "Affirmative es evidente expresses certainty → indicative."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Quizás ellos _____ mañana. (venir)", "correct": "vengan", "distractor": "vienen", "explanation": "Quizás expresses doubt → subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tan pronto como _____ el trabajo, salgo. (terminar)", "correct": "termine", "distractor": "termino", "explanation": "Tan pronto como with future reference takes subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Antes de que tú _____, llámame. (salir)", "correct": "salgas", "distractor": "sales", "explanation": "Antes de que always triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Me alegro de que tú _____ aquí. (estar)", "correct": "estés", "distractor": "estás", "explanation": "Alegrarse de (Emotion) triggers subjunctive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Es obvio que tú _____ razón. (tener)", "correct": "tienes", "distractor": "tengas", "explanation": "Es obvio expresses certainty → indicative."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "tener-expressions",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 8,
|
||||
"generated_count": 22,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ un perro.", "correct": "tengo", "distractor": "tieno", "explanation": "yo form of tener is irregular: tengo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú _____ que pagar.", "correct": "tienes", "distractor": "tenes", "explanation": "Stem change e→ie in tú: tienes."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ una clase mañana.", "correct": "tenemos", "distractor": "tienemos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the regular stem: tenemos."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo tengo _____ salir. (have to)", "correct": "que", "distractor": "a", "explanation": "tener uses que (not a) before an infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ que leer los libros.", "correct": "tienen", "distractor": "tenen", "explanation": "Ellos is in the boot: tienen."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I'm hungry → Yo _____ hambre.", "correct": "tengo", "distractor": "estoy", "explanation": "Spanish uses tener for hunger; estar is wrong here."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I'm 19 → Yo tengo 19 _____.", "correct": "años", "distractor": "soy", "explanation": "Age is expressed as 'tengo X años'."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "I'm very hungry → Tengo _____ hambre.", "correct": "mucha", "distractor": "muy", "explanation": "Use mucha/o (adjective) to intensify a tener expression, not muy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo mucha _____ . Quiero agua.", "correct": "sed", "distractor": "hambre", "explanation": "Sed = thirst; water suggests sed."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los niños tienen _____ y quieren dormir.", "correct": "sueño", "distractor": "cansado", "explanation": "Tener sueño = to be sleepy."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "En invierno tenemos mucho _____ .", "correct": "frío", "distractor": "fría", "explanation": "Tener frío uses masculine form."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "En el desierto tienen mucho _____ .", "correct": "calor", "distractor": "caliente", "explanation": "Tener calor = to be hot."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella tiene _____ de las arañas.", "correct": "miedo", "distractor": "miedoso", "explanation": "Tener miedo de = to be afraid of."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo _____ porque llego tarde.", "correct": "prisa", "distractor": "rápido", "explanation": "Tener prisa = to be in a hurry."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tú tienes _____ ; yo estaba equivocado.", "correct": "razón", "distractor": "razonable", "explanation": "Tener razón = to be right."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ganaste la lotería; tienes mucha _____ .", "correct": "suerte", "distractor": "suertudo", "explanation": "Tener suerte = to be lucky."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ten _____ con ese cuchillo.", "correct": "cuidado", "distractor": "cuidadoso", "explanation": "Tener cuidado = to be careful."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi negocio tiene mucho _____ .", "correct": "éxito", "distractor": "exitoso", "explanation": "Tener éxito = to be successful."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo _____ de comer pizza.", "correct": "ganas", "distractor": "gana", "explanation": "Tener ganas de + inf = to feel like."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros tenemos que _____ temprano.", "correct": "salir", "distractor": "salimos", "explanation": "After tener que use the infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Mi hermano _____ veinte años.", "correct": "tiene", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Age uses tener, not ser."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "¿Cuántos años _____ tú?", "correct": "tienes", "distractor": "eres", "explanation": "Asking age uses tener."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Vosotros _____ que estudiar más.", "correct": "tenéis", "distractor": "teneis", "explanation": "Vosotros form: tenéis with accent."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo mucho _____ de aprender español.", "correct": "interés", "distractor": "interesado", "explanation": "Tener interés (en/de) = to have interest."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Después de correr, tengo mucha _____ .", "correct": "sed", "distractor": "agua", "explanation": "Sed = thirst, the feeling itself."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella tiene _____ de viajar a Italia.", "correct": "ganas", "distractor": "gusto", "explanation": "Tener ganas de = to feel like/want to."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "No tenemos _____ de perder; vamos rápido.", "correct": "tiempo", "distractor": "prisa", "explanation": "Tener tiempo = to have time."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los bebés tienen _____ de los ruidos fuertes.", "correct": "miedo", "distractor": "miedosos", "explanation": "Tener miedo de = to be afraid of."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Tengo que _____ a la tienda ahora.", "correct": "ir", "distractor": "voy", "explanation": "Tener que + infinitive."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Hoy hace sol y tengo _____ .", "correct": "calor", "distractor": "caliente", "explanation": "Tener calor expresses feeling hot."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"noteId": "types-of-irregular-verbs",
|
||||
"target_count": 30,
|
||||
"seed_count": 0,
|
||||
"generated_count": 30,
|
||||
"exercises": [
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ las llaves ayer. (buscar, preterite)", "correct": "busqué", "distractor": "buscé", "explanation": "-car verbs change c→qu before é in yo preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ tarde anoche. (llegar, preterite)", "correct": "llegué", "distractor": "llegé", "explanation": "-gar verbs change g→gu before é in yo preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a estudiar el lunes. (empezar, preterite)", "correct": "empecé", "distractor": "empezé", "explanation": "-zar verbs change z→c before é in yo preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ el libro en una hora. (leer, preterite)", "correct": "leyó", "distractor": "leió", "explanation": "i→y between vowels: leer → leyó."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la guitarra cada día. (tocar, present)", "correct": "toco", "distractor": "toqué", "explanation": "Present tense yo toco; the spelling change is in preterite only."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ ir contigo. (querer, present)", "correct": "queremos", "distractor": "queremos", "explanation": "Nosotros doesn't take the e→ie stem change."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ el desayuno temprano. (preferir, present)", "correct": "prefiere", "distractor": "prefere", "explanation": "Stem change e→ie in preferir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ ocho horas cada noche. (dormir, present)", "correct": "duermo", "distractor": "dormo", "explanation": "Stem change o→ue in dormir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Los chicos _____ al fútbol los sábados. (jugar, present)", "correct": "juegan", "distractor": "jugan", "explanation": "Unique u→ue stem change in jugar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ una pizza, por favor. (pedir, present)", "correct": "pido", "distractor": "pedo", "explanation": "Stem change e→i in pedir (-ir verb)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El camarero _____ la comida. (servir, present)", "correct": "sirve", "distractor": "serve", "explanation": "Stem change e→i in servir."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo no _____ tu nombre. (saber, present)", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "sabo", "explanation": "Saber has irregular yo form: sé (-oy/-é type)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ mucho trabajo hoy. (tener, present)", "correct": "tengo", "distractor": "teno", "explanation": "Tener is a -go verb: tengo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ del trabajo a las cinco. (salir, present)", "correct": "salgo", "distractor": "salo", "explanation": "Salir is a -go verb: salgo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a mi familia. (conocer, present)", "correct": "conozco", "distractor": "conoco", "explanation": "-cer/-cir verbs add z: conozco (-zco yo form)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ inglés y español. (traducir, present)", "correct": "traduzco", "distractor": "traduco", "explanation": "-ucir verbs take -zco yo form: traduzco."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ellos _____ que estudiar mucho. (decir, preterite)", "correct": "dijeron", "distractor": "decieron", "explanation": "J-stem preterite of decir: dijeron (no i)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ una película interesante. (traer, preterite)", "correct": "trajo", "distractor": "trayó", "explanation": "J-stem preterite of traer: trajo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ por el parque. (pasar, present)", "correct": "pasamos", "distractor": "pasemos", "explanation": "Pasar is regular -ar in present."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el coche en el garaje. (poner, present)", "correct": "pongo", "distractor": "pono", "explanation": "Poner is a -go verb: pongo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ la verdad. (decir, present)", "correct": "dice", "distractor": "dece", "explanation": "Stem change e→i in decir; él/ella dice."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo te _____ flores. (traer, present)", "correct": "traigo", "distractor": "trao", "explanation": "Traer is a -go verb (with i): traigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ el ruido. (oír, present)", "correct": "oigo", "distractor": "oyo", "explanation": "Oír is a -go verb: oigo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a clase a tiempo. (llegar, present)", "correct": "llego", "distractor": "llegué", "explanation": "Present yo llego; spelling change only in preterite."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ la respuesta correcta. (averiguar, preterite)", "correct": "averigüé", "distractor": "averigué", "explanation": "gu→gü to keep the u sound before é."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "El profesor _____ los exámenes. (corregir, present)", "correct": "corrige", "distractor": "corrije", "explanation": "Corregir keeps g (not j) before e: corrige."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a los estudiantes. (proteger, present)", "correct": "protejo", "distractor": "protego", "explanation": "g→j before o in proteger: protejo."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Ella _____ la película anoche. (ver, preterite)", "correct": "vio", "distractor": "vió", "explanation": "Preterite vio takes no accent (one syllable)."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Yo _____ a las siete de la mañana. (despertarse, present)", "correct": "me despierto", "distractor": "me desperto", "explanation": "Stem change e→ie in despertar."},
|
||||
{"sentence": "Nosotros _____ al fútbol los domingos. (jugar, present)", "correct": "jugamos", "distractor": "juegamos", "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the regular stem: jugamos."}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ hablo español.",
|
||||
"correct": "Yo",
|
||||
"distractor": "Tú",
|
||||
"explanation": "yo = I; matches the -o conjugation hablo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿_____ estás? — Estoy en casa.",
|
||||
"correct": "Dónde",
|
||||
"distractor": "Donde",
|
||||
"explanation": "Question words take an accent.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ qué estudias español? — Porque me gusta.",
|
||||
"correct": "Por",
|
||||
"distractor": "Para",
|
||||
"explanation": "¿Por qué? = Why?; the response uses one-word porque.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Un _____ tiene doce meses.",
|
||||
"correct": "año",
|
||||
"distractor": "ano",
|
||||
"explanation": "año (with ñ) = year.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tengo un _____. Se llama Rex.",
|
||||
"correct": "perro",
|
||||
"distractor": "pero",
|
||||
"explanation": "perro (rr) = dog; pero = but.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Hoy es _____, mañana es martes.",
|
||||
"correct": "lunes",
|
||||
"distractor": "Lunes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Days aren't capitalized in Spanish.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "02",
|
||||
"source_title": "Spanish Fundamentals"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El chico _____ inteligente.",
|
||||
"correct": "es",
|
||||
"distractor": "está",
|
||||
"explanation": "Intelligence is a permanent trait → ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ cansados.",
|
||||
"correct": "estamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "somos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tiredness is a changing condition → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estas clases son _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "fáciles",
|
||||
"distractor": "fácil",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural noun (clases) requires plural adjective.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La _____ hermosa.",
|
||||
"correct": "chica",
|
||||
"distractor": "chico",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hermosa is feminine, so the noun must also be feminine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El hombre _____ relajado.",
|
||||
"correct": "está",
|
||||
"distractor": "es",
|
||||
"explanation": "Being relaxed is a temporary state → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo soy _____ (f).",
|
||||
"correct": "alta",
|
||||
"distractor": "alto",
|
||||
"explanation": "Feminine subject takes -a ending.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El chico _____ (correct word order).",
|
||||
"correct": "inteligente",
|
||||
"distractor": "inteligente chico",
|
||||
"explanation": "Adjective follows the noun: el chico inteligente.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "08",
|
||||
"source_title": "Descriptive Adjectives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo voy _____ baño.",
|
||||
"correct": "al",
|
||||
"distractor": "a el",
|
||||
"explanation": "a + el always contracts to al.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Vengo _____ mercado.",
|
||||
"correct": "del",
|
||||
"distractor": "de el",
|
||||
"explanation": "de + el always contracts to del.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero ir _____ clase.",
|
||||
"correct": "a la",
|
||||
"distractor": "al",
|
||||
"explanation": "Feminine la does not contract.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es el regalo _____ profesor.",
|
||||
"correct": "del",
|
||||
"distractor": "de la",
|
||||
"explanation": "Profesor is masculine, so de + el = del.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El libro es _____ él.",
|
||||
"correct": "de",
|
||||
"distractor": "del",
|
||||
"explanation": "The pronoun él (with accent) does not contract; only the article el does.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Vamos _____ playa.",
|
||||
"correct": "a la",
|
||||
"distractor": "al",
|
||||
"explanation": "Playa is feminine; no contraction.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El presidente _____ Salvador habló.",
|
||||
"correct": "de El",
|
||||
"distractor": "del",
|
||||
"explanation": "Proper nouns with capital El don't contract.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "15",
|
||||
"source_title": "al & del"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ libro está en la mesa.",
|
||||
"correct": "El",
|
||||
"distractor": "La",
|
||||
"explanation": "libro ends in -o → masculine → el.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Voy a _____ piscina.",
|
||||
"correct": "la",
|
||||
"distractor": "el",
|
||||
"explanation": "piscina ends in -a → feminine → la.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ problema es difícil.",
|
||||
"correct": "El",
|
||||
"distractor": "La",
|
||||
"explanation": "Greek-origin -ma noun → masculine: el problema.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tengo _____ libro nuevo.",
|
||||
"correct": "un",
|
||||
"distractor": "uno",
|
||||
"explanation": "Before a masculine noun use un, not uno.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ ciudad es grande.",
|
||||
"correct": "La",
|
||||
"distractor": "El",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nouns ending in -d are usually feminine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Bebo _____ agua fría.",
|
||||
"correct": "el",
|
||||
"distractor": "la",
|
||||
"explanation": "agua takes el in the singular (stressed initial a-) even though it's feminine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero ver _____ foto.",
|
||||
"correct": "la",
|
||||
"distractor": "el",
|
||||
"explanation": "foto is short for fotografía → feminine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "04",
|
||||
"source_title": "Articles"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "(hablar) tú: ¡_____ más despacio!",
|
||||
"correct": "habla",
|
||||
"distractor": "hable",
|
||||
"explanation": "Affirmative tú of regular -ar uses the él form of the present.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Negative of 'come': ¡No _____!",
|
||||
"correct": "comas",
|
||||
"distractor": "comes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative tú of -er drops -er and adds -as.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Irregular tú command of 'venir': ¡_____ aquí!",
|
||||
"correct": "ven",
|
||||
"distractor": "viene",
|
||||
"explanation": "Venir has the irregular tú command 'ven'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¡_____ tu tarea! (hacer)",
|
||||
"correct": "Haz",
|
||||
"distractor": "Hace",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hacer's irregular affirmative is 'haz'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Negative: ¡No _____ eso! (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "digas",
|
||||
"distractor": "dices",
|
||||
"explanation": "Take the yo stem 'dig-' + -as.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¡_____ ahora! (levantarse)",
|
||||
"correct": "Levántate",
|
||||
"distractor": "Te levanta",
|
||||
"explanation": "Affirmative reflexive: pronoun attaches to verb with accent.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Negative: ¡No te _____! (dormirse)",
|
||||
"correct": "duermas",
|
||||
"distractor": "duermes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative tú of -ir uses -as, stem-change kept (o→ue).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¡_____! (Tell it to me, decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "Dímelo",
|
||||
"distractor": "Me lo dice",
|
||||
"explanation": "Attach IOP me + DOP lo to 'di' with accent.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¡_____ a la escuela! (ir)",
|
||||
"correct": "Ve",
|
||||
"distractor": "Va",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular tú command of ir is 've'; preposition 'a' confirms it's ir, not ver.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "36",
|
||||
"source_title": "Familiar Tú Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's speak: ¡_____ español! (hablar)",
|
||||
"correct": "Hablemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Hablamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ar nosotros command swaps -amos to -emos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's eat: ¡_____! (comer)",
|
||||
"correct": "Comamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Comemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-er swaps -emos to -amos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's practice: ¡_____! (practicar)",
|
||||
"correct": "Practiquemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Practicemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-car needs c→qu before e.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's sleep: ¡_____! (dormir)",
|
||||
"correct": "Durmamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Dormamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ir stem-changer: o→u in nosotros.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)",
|
||||
"correct": "Sentémonos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Sentémosnos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Drop the final -s before attaching nos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's not sit down: ¡_____! (sentarse)",
|
||||
"correct": "No nos sentemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "No nos sentémonos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative: pronoun before verb, no s-drop.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's go out: ¡_____! (irse)",
|
||||
"correct": "Vámonos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Vayámonos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Affirmative uses present 'vamos' minus s + nos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Let's not leave: ¡_____! (irse)",
|
||||
"correct": "No nos vayamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "No nos vamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative requires the irregular 'vayamos'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "37",
|
||||
"source_title": "Nosotros Commands"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
[]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mi coche es _____ rápido que el tuyo.",
|
||||
"correct": "más",
|
||||
"distractor": "muy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Comparison uses más + adjective + que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Esta es _____ mejor película del año.",
|
||||
"correct": "la",
|
||||
"distractor": "más",
|
||||
"explanation": "Mejor is irregular; superlative just needs the article.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tengo más _____ veinte libros.",
|
||||
"correct": "de",
|
||||
"distractor": "que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Before a number use de, not que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ana es tan inteligente _____ Luis.",
|
||||
"correct": "como",
|
||||
"distractor": "que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Equality: tan…como.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mi abuela es la _____ de mis abuelas.",
|
||||
"correct": "mayor",
|
||||
"distractor": "más vieja",
|
||||
"explanation": "For age, use mayor (more polite/standard).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Este examen fue _____ que el anterior.",
|
||||
"correct": "peor",
|
||||
"distractor": "más malo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular comparative of malo is peor.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella es la _____ de la clase.",
|
||||
"correct": "menor",
|
||||
"distractor": "más joven",
|
||||
"explanation": "Both are accepted, but menor is the standard irregular.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Esta casa tiene _____ habitaciones que la mía.",
|
||||
"correct": "menos",
|
||||
"distractor": "menor",
|
||||
"explanation": "Use menos to mean 'fewer' before nouns.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "34",
|
||||
"source_title": "Comparatives & Superlatives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿_____ tú abrir la ventana, por favor?",
|
||||
"correct": "Podrías",
|
||||
"distractor": "Puedes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional of poder for a polite request.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ contigo si tuviera tiempo.",
|
||||
"correct": "iría",
|
||||
"distractor": "iba",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hypothetical → conditional of ir.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ un plato, por favor.",
|
||||
"correct": "querríamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "queremos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Polite request uses conditional of querer (note double rr).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Sin ti, yo no sé qué yo _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "haría",
|
||||
"distractor": "hacía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional of hacer (irregular stem har-).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ la verdad.",
|
||||
"correct": "diría",
|
||||
"distractor": "decía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional of decir uses irregular stem dir-.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿_____ ellos en esta región?",
|
||||
"correct": "Vivirían",
|
||||
"distractor": "Vivían",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional, not imperfect — would they live.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ ese coche si fuera barato.",
|
||||
"correct": "compraría",
|
||||
"distractor": "compré",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hypothetical 'would buy' is conditional.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ más amigos en una ciudad nueva.",
|
||||
"correct": "tendrías",
|
||||
"distractor": "tienes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional of tener uses stem tendr-.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "43",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ terminado mi trabajo.",
|
||||
"correct": "habría",
|
||||
"distractor": "había",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional perfect uses habría (would have), not había (had).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella habría _____ las ventanas.",
|
||||
"correct": "abierto",
|
||||
"distractor": "abrido",
|
||||
"explanation": "abrir has the irregular participle abierto.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ disfrutado estar ahí.",
|
||||
"correct": "habrías",
|
||||
"distractor": "habrás",
|
||||
"explanation": "Second-person conditional of haber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ venido si nos hubieran invitado.",
|
||||
"correct": "habríamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "habremos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hypothetical past needs conditional perfect, not future perfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo habría _____ la verdad.",
|
||||
"correct": "dicho",
|
||||
"distractor": "decido",
|
||||
"explanation": "decir → dicho (irregular participle).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ hecho lo mismo.",
|
||||
"correct": "habrían",
|
||||
"distractor": "han",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conditional perfect: habrían + participle.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "44",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conditional Perfect Tense"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ libro es interesante. (this)",
|
||||
"correct": "Este",
|
||||
"distractor": "Esta",
|
||||
"explanation": "Libro is masculine singular → este.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ casas son grandes. (these)",
|
||||
"correct": "Estas",
|
||||
"distractor": "Estos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Casas is feminine plural → estas.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ cursos son difíciles. (those)",
|
||||
"correct": "Esos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Eses",
|
||||
"explanation": "Masculine plural of ese is esos, not 'eses'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Qué es _____? (this — unknown)",
|
||||
"correct": "esto",
|
||||
"distractor": "este",
|
||||
"explanation": "Use neuter esto when the thing's gender is unknown.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ es para todos. (that — general)",
|
||||
"correct": "Eso",
|
||||
"distractor": "Ese",
|
||||
"explanation": "General/abstract → neuter eso.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ mesa (that, f sg).",
|
||||
"correct": "Esa",
|
||||
"distractor": "Esta",
|
||||
"explanation": "Mesa is feminine singular and 'that' (near listener) is esa.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "10",
|
||||
"source_title": "Demonstrative Adjectives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ como pescado.",
|
||||
"correct": "no",
|
||||
"distractor": "nada",
|
||||
"explanation": "Basic negation puts 'no' before the verb.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No conozco _____ aquí.",
|
||||
"correct": "a nadie",
|
||||
"distractor": "nadie",
|
||||
"explanation": "Direct-object person needs personal a: a nadie.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ llega tarde.",
|
||||
"correct": "nunca",
|
||||
"distractor": "no nunca",
|
||||
"explanation": "When the negative word goes before the verb, no extra 'no' is needed.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No tengo _____ libro sobre eso.",
|
||||
"correct": "ningún",
|
||||
"distractor": "ninguno",
|
||||
"explanation": "Before a singular masc. noun, use the apocopated ningún.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "—Yo no quiero ir. —Yo _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "tampoco",
|
||||
"distractor": "también",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative agreement uses tampoco (me neither).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No quiero _____ café _____ té.",
|
||||
"correct": "ni / ni",
|
||||
"distractor": "o / o",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative pair is ni…ni.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Viste a _____ en la fiesta? — No, no vi a _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "alguien / nadie",
|
||||
"distractor": "nadie / alguien",
|
||||
"explanation": "Use alguien in the question and nadie in the negative answer.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos no comen _____ por la mañana.",
|
||||
"correct": "nada",
|
||||
"distractor": "no",
|
||||
"explanation": "Double negative: 'no…nada' = don't eat anything.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "35",
|
||||
"source_title": "How Negatives Work"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo estoy _____ con mi amigo. (hablar)",
|
||||
"correct": "hablando",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablado",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ar verbs form the gerund with -ando.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella está _____ pizza. (comer)",
|
||||
"correct": "comiendo",
|
||||
"distractor": "comendo",
|
||||
"explanation": "-er verbs form the gerund with -iendo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estoy _____ un libro. (leer)",
|
||||
"correct": "leyendo",
|
||||
"distractor": "leiendo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Vowel-stem: i becomes y to avoid three vowels.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Los niños están _____. (dormir)",
|
||||
"correct": "durmiendo",
|
||||
"distractor": "dormiendo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Stem-change o→u in the gerund of dormir.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él está _____ la verdad. (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "diciendo",
|
||||
"distractor": "deciendo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Stem-change e→i in the gerund of decir.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ trabajando ahora.",
|
||||
"correct": "estamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "somos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Progressive uses estar (action right now), not ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "06",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Present Progressive"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Para el lunes, yo _____ terminado. (haber)",
|
||||
"correct": "habré",
|
||||
"distractor": "habría",
|
||||
"explanation": "Future of haber, yo = habré.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Dentro de un año, tú _____ dejado tu trabajo.",
|
||||
"correct": "habrás",
|
||||
"distractor": "habrías",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú future of haber = habrás.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Para esa fecha, John _____ recibido muchas ofertas.",
|
||||
"correct": "habrá",
|
||||
"distractor": "habría",
|
||||
"explanation": "Él future of haber = habrá.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ llegado para mañana.",
|
||||
"correct": "habremos",
|
||||
"distractor": "habríamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros future of haber = habremos (no accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ comido dentro de dos horas.",
|
||||
"correct": "habrán",
|
||||
"distractor": "han",
|
||||
"explanation": "Future perfect needs habrán, not present.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Para diciembre, ella habrá _____ . (volver)",
|
||||
"correct": "vuelto",
|
||||
"distractor": "volvido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Volver has irregular participle 'vuelto'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "By summer, I will have learned = Para el verano, yo _____ aprendido.",
|
||||
"correct": "habré",
|
||||
"distractor": "he",
|
||||
"explanation": "Future perfect uses habré, not he (present perfect).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "42",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Perfect Tense"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
122
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/future-vs-ir-a.json
Normal file
122
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/future-vs-ir-a.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a la tienda.",
|
||||
"correct": "voy",
|
||||
"distractor": "vas",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo form of ir is voy.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ a la universidad.",
|
||||
"correct": "vamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "van",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros form of ir is vamos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ a trabajar.",
|
||||
"correct": "van",
|
||||
"distractor": "va",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ellos form is van.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo voy _____ hacer mi tarea.",
|
||||
"correct": "a",
|
||||
"distractor": "que",
|
||||
"explanation": "ir uses preposition a before an infinitive (near-future).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Voy _____ cine. (a + el)",
|
||||
"correct": "al",
|
||||
"distractor": "a el",
|
||||
"explanation": "a + el always contracts to al.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ a la clase.",
|
||||
"correct": "vas",
|
||||
"distractor": "va",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú form of ir is vas.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I'm going with my friends → Yo voy _____ mis amigos.",
|
||||
"correct": "con",
|
||||
"distractor": "a",
|
||||
"explanation": "No destination, so use con (with), not a.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "13",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Ir\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mañana yo _____ al cine. (ir)",
|
||||
"correct": "iré",
|
||||
"distractor": "iba",
|
||||
"explanation": "Future of ir (yo): iré.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ una casa. (comprar)",
|
||||
"correct": "comprarás",
|
||||
"distractor": "compraras",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú future ending is -ás (with accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él _____ 30 años. (tener)",
|
||||
"correct": "tendrá",
|
||||
"distractor": "tenerá",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tener uses irregular stem 'tendr-'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ español. (aprender)",
|
||||
"correct": "aprenderemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "aprenderémos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros future has NO accent.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ si quieren. (venir)",
|
||||
"correct": "vendrán",
|
||||
"distractor": "venirán",
|
||||
"explanation": "Venir uses irregular stem 'vendr-'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ mi tarea. (hacer)",
|
||||
"correct": "haré",
|
||||
"distractor": "haceré",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hacer uses irregular stem 'har-'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo te lo _____ mañana. (dar)",
|
||||
"correct": "daré",
|
||||
"distractor": "doy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Future yo of dar is daré.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Equivalent: 'I'm going to go' = Yo _____ a ir.",
|
||||
"correct": "voy",
|
||||
"distractor": "iré",
|
||||
"explanation": "ir a + infinitive uses present 'voy'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "41",
|
||||
"source_title": "Future Tense"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ tú?",
|
||||
"correct": "estás",
|
||||
"distractor": "eres",
|
||||
"explanation": "Well-being is temporary, so use estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "(Yo) _____ bien.",
|
||||
"correct": "estoy",
|
||||
"distractor": "soy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Reply matches the verb in the question (estar).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ días. (good morning)",
|
||||
"correct": "Buenos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Buenas",
|
||||
"explanation": "Día is masculine, so the plural adjective is buenos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ noches. (good night)",
|
||||
"correct": "Buenas",
|
||||
"distractor": "Buenos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Noche is feminine → buenas.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Thanks → 'Muchas _____'.",
|
||||
"correct": "gracias",
|
||||
"distractor": "perdón",
|
||||
"explanation": "Gracias = thanks; perdón = sorry.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Reply to gracias: '_____ nada'.",
|
||||
"correct": "De",
|
||||
"distractor": "Por",
|
||||
"explanation": "'De nada' literally 'of nothing' = you're welcome.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "11",
|
||||
"source_title": "Useful Greetings & Farewells"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "A mí me _____ la pizza.",
|
||||
"correct": "gusta",
|
||||
"distractor": "gustan",
|
||||
"explanation": "Pizza is singular, so use gusta.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "A nosotros nos _____ los tacos.",
|
||||
"correct": "gustan",
|
||||
"distractor": "gusta",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tacos is plural, so use gustan.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "A ellos _____ gusta jugar fútbol.",
|
||||
"correct": "les",
|
||||
"distractor": "le",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural ellos requires plural IOP les.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Me _____ bailar y cantar.",
|
||||
"correct": "gusta",
|
||||
"distractor": "gustan",
|
||||
"explanation": "Multiple infinitives still take singular gusta.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "A Juan _____ gusta el café.",
|
||||
"correct": "le",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Gustar requires an IOP (le), not a DOP.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ ti te gustan las películas.",
|
||||
"correct": "A",
|
||||
"distractor": "Para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Clarification structure uses a, not para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "A María le _____ los gatos.",
|
||||
"correct": "gustan",
|
||||
"distractor": "gusta",
|
||||
"explanation": "Gatos is plural; verb agrees with the subject.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Me _____ hablar contigo.",
|
||||
"correct": "gusta",
|
||||
"distractor": "gustan",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hablar is a singular infinitive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "20",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Gustar"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ de la casa a las ocho. (salir)",
|
||||
"correct": "salgo",
|
||||
"distractor": "salo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Salir takes -go in yo form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ la tarea cada día. (hacer)",
|
||||
"correct": "hago",
|
||||
"distractor": "haco",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hacer takes -go in yo form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ un coche nuevo. (conducir)",
|
||||
"correct": "conduzco",
|
||||
"distractor": "conduco",
|
||||
"explanation": "-cir verbs take -zco in yo form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a Juan. (conocer)",
|
||||
"correct": "conozco",
|
||||
"distractor": "conoco",
|
||||
"explanation": "-cer verbs after a vowel take -zco.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ la película. (ver)",
|
||||
"correct": "veo",
|
||||
"distractor": "vo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ver has the irregular yo form veo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ un regalo. (dar)",
|
||||
"correct": "doy",
|
||||
"distractor": "do",
|
||||
"explanation": "Dar has the irregular yo form doy.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ el libro en la mesa. (poner)",
|
||||
"correct": "pongo",
|
||||
"distractor": "pono",
|
||||
"explanation": "Poner takes -go in yo form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ el almuerzo. (traer)",
|
||||
"correct": "traigo",
|
||||
"distractor": "trago",
|
||||
"explanation": "Traer is traigo (note the i); trago is from tragar (to swallow).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a mi familia. (proteger)",
|
||||
"correct": "protejo",
|
||||
"distractor": "protego",
|
||||
"explanation": "Proteger spells the yo form with j (protejo) to keep the soft consonant sound.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ que sí. (suponer)",
|
||||
"correct": "supongo",
|
||||
"distractor": "supono",
|
||||
"explanation": "Suponer follows the -go pattern like poner.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "21",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Yo Verbs"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
194
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/object-pronouns.json
Normal file
194
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/object-pronouns.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ compro. (the car)",
|
||||
"correct": "lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "la",
|
||||
"explanation": "Coche is masculine singular, so use lo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ tienen. (the houses)",
|
||||
"correct": "las",
|
||||
"distractor": "los",
|
||||
"explanation": "Casas is feminine plural, so use las.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero comprar_____. (it, masc.)",
|
||||
"correct": "lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "le",
|
||||
"explanation": "DOP attaches to the infinitive: comprarlo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú estás mirándo_____. (me)",
|
||||
"correct": "me",
|
||||
"distractor": "te",
|
||||
"explanation": "DOP attaches to the gerund with an accent: mirándome.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella mira _____ Juan.",
|
||||
"correct": "a",
|
||||
"distractor": "el",
|
||||
"explanation": "Personal a is required before a human direct object.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ amo. (you)",
|
||||
"correct": "te",
|
||||
"distractor": "ti",
|
||||
"explanation": "Te is the DOP; ti is for after prepositions.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Voy a leer_____. (the book)",
|
||||
"correct": "lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "los",
|
||||
"explanation": "Libro is masculine singular: leerlo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vemos a ellos.",
|
||||
"correct": "los",
|
||||
"distractor": "les",
|
||||
"explanation": "Standard DOP for 'them' (m.) is los.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "17",
|
||||
"source_title": "Direct Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ doy el libro a María.",
|
||||
"correct": "le",
|
||||
"distractor": "la",
|
||||
"explanation": "Indirect object (recipient) requires le, not the DOP la.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ compra los libros (to us).",
|
||||
"correct": "nos",
|
||||
"distractor": "les",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nos = to/for us.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ enseño los conceptos a ellos.",
|
||||
"correct": "les",
|
||||
"distractor": "los",
|
||||
"explanation": "Les is the IOP for them; los would be a DOP.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero comprar_____ un regalo (to him).",
|
||||
"correct": "le",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo",
|
||||
"explanation": "IOP for the recipient him is le, attached to infinitive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estoy diciéndo_____ la verdad (to you).",
|
||||
"correct": "te",
|
||||
"distractor": "ti",
|
||||
"explanation": "Te is the IOP; ti is only after prepositions.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella le compra un coche _____ él.",
|
||||
"correct": "a",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Clarification structure uses a + pronoun.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ doy el dinero a ellos. (I)",
|
||||
"correct": "Les",
|
||||
"distractor": "Le",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural recipient ellos requires les.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ escribes una carta a Emma.",
|
||||
"correct": "le",
|
||||
"distractor": "la",
|
||||
"explanation": "Indirect object 'to Emma' uses le.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "18",
|
||||
"source_title": "Indirect Object Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ da. (it to me)",
|
||||
"correct": "me lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo me",
|
||||
"explanation": "IOP comes before DOP: me lo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ compro a él. (it for him)",
|
||||
"correct": "se lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "le lo",
|
||||
"explanation": "le + lo → se lo to avoid two l-pronouns.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ lees a ellas. (them to them)",
|
||||
"correct": "se los",
|
||||
"distractor": "les los",
|
||||
"explanation": "les + los → se los.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos quieren present_____. (them to you)",
|
||||
"correct": "ártelos",
|
||||
"distractor": "artelos",
|
||||
"explanation": "When attaching both pronouns to an infinitive, add a written accent: presentártelos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella está dándo_____. (it to me)",
|
||||
"correct": "melo",
|
||||
"distractor": "lome",
|
||||
"explanation": "Order is me + lo when attached to gerund.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo puedo hacér_____ a él. (it for him)",
|
||||
"correct": "selo",
|
||||
"distractor": "lelo",
|
||||
"explanation": "le → se before lo; result attached to infinitive needs accent: hacérselo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella se lo escribe _____ él.",
|
||||
"correct": "a",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Clarification uses a + pronoun (the IOP construction).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ damos. (it to you, sg.)",
|
||||
"correct": "te lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo te",
|
||||
"explanation": "IOP te before DOP lo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "19",
|
||||
"source_title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
1
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/personal-a.json
Normal file
1
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/personal-a.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
[]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ hablar español.",
|
||||
"correct": "puedo",
|
||||
"distractor": "podo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Stem change o→ue in yo form: puedo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ ir mañana.",
|
||||
"correct": "podemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "puedemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros keeps the regular stem: podemos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ llamar por teléfono.",
|
||||
"correct": "pueden",
|
||||
"distractor": "poden",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ellos is in the 'boot' → stem change: pueden.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Tú _____ ayudarme?",
|
||||
"correct": "puedes",
|
||||
"distractor": "podes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú is in the 'boot' → puedes.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo puedo _____ español. (speak)",
|
||||
"correct": "hablar",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablo",
|
||||
"explanation": "After poder use the infinitive, not a conjugated form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Vosotros _____ entrar.",
|
||||
"correct": "podéis",
|
||||
"distractor": "puedéis",
|
||||
"explanation": "Vosotros stays regular: podéis.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "12",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Poder\""
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
82
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/por-vs-para.json
Normal file
82
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/por-vs-para.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Caminé _____ el parque ayer.",
|
||||
"correct": "por",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Movement through a place uses por.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Este regalo es _____ ti.",
|
||||
"correct": "para",
|
||||
"distractor": "por",
|
||||
"explanation": "Recipient uses para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estudio mucho _____ aprobar el examen.",
|
||||
"correct": "para",
|
||||
"distractor": "por",
|
||||
"explanation": "Purpose / in order to uses para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Llegué tarde _____ el tráfico.",
|
||||
"correct": "por",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Reason / because of uses por.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Trabajé _____ ocho horas.",
|
||||
"correct": "por",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Duration uses por.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Necesito el informe _____ el lunes.",
|
||||
"correct": "para",
|
||||
"distractor": "por",
|
||||
"explanation": "Deadline uses para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Pagué cien dólares _____ esta camisa.",
|
||||
"correct": "por",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Exchange uses por.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ mí, el español es fácil.",
|
||||
"correct": "Para",
|
||||
"distractor": "Por",
|
||||
"explanation": "Personal opinion uses para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mi hermana trabaja _____ Google.",
|
||||
"correct": "para",
|
||||
"distractor": "por",
|
||||
"explanation": "Employer uses para.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Conducimos a 100 km _____ hora.",
|
||||
"correct": "por",
|
||||
"distractor": "para",
|
||||
"explanation": "Per / rate uses por.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "33",
|
||||
"source_title": "Por & Para"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ coches son rojos. (my)",
|
||||
"correct": "Mis",
|
||||
"distractor": "Mi",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural noun (coches) requires plural possessive (mis).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ gato. (our, m.)",
|
||||
"correct": "Nuestro",
|
||||
"distractor": "Nuestra",
|
||||
"explanation": "Gato is masculine, so use nuestro.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ rosa. (our, f.)",
|
||||
"correct": "Nuestra",
|
||||
"distractor": "Nuestro",
|
||||
"explanation": "Rosa is feminine → nuestra.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo hablo con _____ amigo. (his)",
|
||||
"correct": "su",
|
||||
"distractor": "tu",
|
||||
"explanation": "su covers his/her/their; tu would mean 'your'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo hablo con mis padres y con _____ amigos. (their)",
|
||||
"correct": "sus",
|
||||
"distractor": "su",
|
||||
"explanation": "Amigos is plural, so use sus.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ perro. (your, informal sing.)",
|
||||
"correct": "Tu",
|
||||
"distractor": "Tú",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tu (no accent) is the possessive; tú is the pronoun 'you'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "09",
|
||||
"source_title": "Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Este regalo es para _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "mí",
|
||||
"distractor": "yo",
|
||||
"explanation": "After preposition 'para', use mí, not yo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Quieres ir _____?",
|
||||
"correct": "conmigo",
|
||||
"distractor": "con mí",
|
||||
"explanation": "con + mí combines into conmigo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Sí, voy _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "contigo",
|
||||
"distractor": "con ti",
|
||||
"explanation": "con + ti combines into contigo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El libro es de _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "él",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo",
|
||||
"explanation": "After de, use the prepositional pronoun él (with accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Esto es para _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "nosotros",
|
||||
"distractor": "nos",
|
||||
"explanation": "After 'para', use the prepositional pronoun nosotros.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Entre tú y _____, no hay problema.",
|
||||
"correct": "yo",
|
||||
"distractor": "mí",
|
||||
"explanation": "After 'entre', Spanish uses subject pronouns yo and tú.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella va _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "con ellos",
|
||||
"distractor": "conellos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Only mí and ti combine with con; con ellos stays separate.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "16",
|
||||
"source_title": "Prepositional Pronouns"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ español todos los días.",
|
||||
"correct": "hablo",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablas",
|
||||
"explanation": "yo takes -o in -ar verbs: hablo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ pizza los viernes.",
|
||||
"correct": "comes",
|
||||
"distractor": "comen",
|
||||
"explanation": "tú takes -es in -er verbs: comes.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en Madrid.",
|
||||
"correct": "vivimos",
|
||||
"distractor": "vivís",
|
||||
"explanation": "nosotros + -ir = -imos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ con sus amigos.",
|
||||
"correct": "hablan",
|
||||
"distractor": "habla",
|
||||
"explanation": "ellos + -ar = -an.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ mucho café.",
|
||||
"correct": "come",
|
||||
"distractor": "como",
|
||||
"explanation": "ella + -er = -e (like the él form).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ cerca de la escuela.",
|
||||
"correct": "vivo",
|
||||
"distractor": "vive",
|
||||
"explanation": "yo + -ir = -o.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "03",
|
||||
"source_title": "Conjugating Verbs (Present)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ hablado con él. (haber)",
|
||||
"correct": "he",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "yo + haber = he.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ comido demasiado. (haber)",
|
||||
"correct": "has",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "tú + haber = has.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vivido aquí cinco años.",
|
||||
"correct": "hemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "habemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "nosotros + haber = hemos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella ha _____ una carta. (escribir)",
|
||||
"correct": "escrito",
|
||||
"distractor": "escribido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Escribir is irregular: escrito.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿_____ visto la película? (tú, haber)",
|
||||
"correct": "Has",
|
||||
"distractor": "Hes",
|
||||
"explanation": "tú form is 'has'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "John no me _____ ha dicho.",
|
||||
"correct": "lo",
|
||||
"distractor": "le",
|
||||
"explanation": "DOP 'lo' goes before haber along with IOP me.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ tenido muchos amigos.",
|
||||
"correct": "he",
|
||||
"distractor": "tengo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Use haber + tenido for 'have had'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I have to read = Yo _____ que leer.",
|
||||
"correct": "tengo",
|
||||
"distractor": "he",
|
||||
"explanation": "Obligation uses tener que, not haber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "39",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Tense"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ con mi amigo. (hablar)",
|
||||
"correct": "hablé",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo preterite of hablar = hablé (with accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ una pizza anoche. (comer)",
|
||||
"correct": "comiste",
|
||||
"distractor": "comes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú preterite of comer = comiste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ en Madrid el año pasado. (vivir)",
|
||||
"correct": "vivió",
|
||||
"distractor": "vive",
|
||||
"explanation": "Él/ella preterite of vivir = vivió.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en el restaurante ayer. (comer)",
|
||||
"correct": "comimos",
|
||||
"distractor": "comamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros preterite of comer = comimos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ todo el día. (trabajar)",
|
||||
"correct": "trabajaron",
|
||||
"distractor": "trabajan",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ellos preterite of trabajar = trabajaron.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ tres millas esta mañana. (correr)",
|
||||
"correct": "corrí",
|
||||
"distractor": "corro",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo preterite of correr = corrí.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ la carta. (escribir)",
|
||||
"correct": "escribiste",
|
||||
"distractor": "escribes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú preterite of escribir = escribiste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "25",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense for Regular Verbs (Preterite)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ al cine.",
|
||||
"correct": "fui",
|
||||
"distractor": "iba",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of ir = fui (completed action). 'Iba' is imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La fiesta _____ muy divertida.",
|
||||
"correct": "fue",
|
||||
"distractor": "era",
|
||||
"explanation": "An event that happened — use the preterite of ser (fue).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ a la playa el sábado.",
|
||||
"correct": "fuimos",
|
||||
"distractor": "vamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of ir = fuimos. 'Vamos' is present.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ doctor antes, ¿verdad?",
|
||||
"correct": "fuiste",
|
||||
"distractor": "fue",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú preterite of ser = fuiste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ al supermercado anoche.",
|
||||
"correct": "fueron",
|
||||
"distractor": "fueran",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of ir, ellos form = fueron.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ difícil aprender español.",
|
||||
"correct": "Fue",
|
||||
"distractor": "Era",
|
||||
"explanation": "Completed evaluation of an event — preterite of ser (fue).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿A dónde _____ tú anoche?",
|
||||
"correct": "fuiste",
|
||||
"distractor": "fueras",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of ir, tú form = fuiste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "26",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Tense of Ser and Ir"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ que trabajar mucho. (tener)",
|
||||
"correct": "tuve",
|
||||
"distractor": "tení",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of tener uses tuv- stem: tuve.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en la playa el verano pasado. (estar)",
|
||||
"correct": "estuvimos",
|
||||
"distractor": "estábamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of estar uses estuv-: estuvimos. 'Estábamos' is imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ las llaves en la mesa. (poner)",
|
||||
"correct": "puse",
|
||||
"distractor": "ponía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of poner uses pus-: puse.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos me _____ la verdad. (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "dijeron",
|
||||
"distractor": "dijieron",
|
||||
"explanation": "j-stem verbs take -eron, not -ieron: dijeron.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Qué _____ tú anoche? (hacer)",
|
||||
"correct": "hiciste",
|
||||
"distractor": "hizo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú preterite of hacer = hiciste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ un pastel para mi cumpleaños. (hacer)",
|
||||
"correct": "hizo",
|
||||
"distractor": "hico",
|
||||
"explanation": "Él/ella form of hacer is hizo (with z) to preserve the soft sound.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ tarde a la fiesta. (venir)",
|
||||
"correct": "vine",
|
||||
"distractor": "vení",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of venir uses vin-: vine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ comida a la fiesta. (traer)",
|
||||
"correct": "trajimos",
|
||||
"distractor": "traímos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of traer uses traj-: trajimos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ el coche al taller. (conducir)",
|
||||
"correct": "condujiste",
|
||||
"distractor": "conduciste",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite of conducir uses conduj-: condujiste.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "27",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo no _____ ir a la fiesta. (poder)",
|
||||
"correct": "pude",
|
||||
"distractor": "podía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite poder = pude (managed to / could). 'Podía' is imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ayer yo _____ que estás casado. (saber)",
|
||||
"correct": "supe",
|
||||
"distractor": "sabía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite saber = supe and means 'I found out'. 'Sabía' = 'I knew (already)'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ ocho horas anoche. (dormir)",
|
||||
"correct": "durmieron",
|
||||
"distractor": "dormieron",
|
||||
"explanation": "dormir is a 3rd-person stem-changer: o→u in ellos: durmieron.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ una hamburguesa. (pedir)",
|
||||
"correct": "pidió",
|
||||
"distractor": "pedió",
|
||||
"explanation": "pedir is a 3rd-person stem-changer: e→i in él/ella: pidió.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a mi amigo en la calle. (ver)",
|
||||
"correct": "vi",
|
||||
"distractor": "ví",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite ver = vi (no written accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo te _____ un regalo. (dar)",
|
||||
"correct": "di",
|
||||
"distractor": "dí",
|
||||
"explanation": "Preterite dar = di (no written accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él _____ el periódico esta mañana. (leer)",
|
||||
"correct": "leyó",
|
||||
"distractor": "leió",
|
||||
"explanation": "leer takes y in 3rd person: leyó.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ al tenis ayer. (jugar)",
|
||||
"correct": "jugué",
|
||||
"distractor": "jugé",
|
||||
"explanation": "-gar verbs change yo to -gué: jugué.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ español por dos horas. (practicar)",
|
||||
"correct": "practiqué",
|
||||
"distractor": "practicé",
|
||||
"explanation": "-car verbs change yo to -qué: practiqué.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a estudiar a las ocho. (empezar)",
|
||||
"correct": "empecé",
|
||||
"distractor": "empezé",
|
||||
"explanation": "-zar verbs change yo to -cé: empecé.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "28",
|
||||
"source_title": "Irregular Verbs in the Past - Part 2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Cuando era niño, _____ al parque todos los días.",
|
||||
"correct": "iba",
|
||||
"distractor": "fui",
|
||||
"explanation": "Habitual past action → imperfect of ir.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mientras yo _____, sonó el teléfono.",
|
||||
"correct": "comía",
|
||||
"distractor": "comí",
|
||||
"explanation": "Background ongoing action → imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Cuando éramos jóvenes, nosotros _____ en Madrid.",
|
||||
"correct": "vivíamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "vivimos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Habitual past → imperfect of vivir.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ las cinco cuando llegó.",
|
||||
"correct": "Eran",
|
||||
"distractor": "Fueron",
|
||||
"explanation": "Time in the past always uses imperfect of ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mi abuela _____ mucho la tele.",
|
||||
"correct": "veía",
|
||||
"distractor": "vio",
|
||||
"explanation": "Habit → imperfect of ver.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ hablando cuando entró.",
|
||||
"correct": "estaba",
|
||||
"distractor": "estuve",
|
||||
"explanation": "Past progressive needs estar in the imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él _____ muy alto de joven.",
|
||||
"correct": "era",
|
||||
"distractor": "fue",
|
||||
"explanation": "Trait/description → imperfect of ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú siempre _____ pan en la panadería.",
|
||||
"correct": "comprabas",
|
||||
"distractor": "compraste",
|
||||
"explanation": "'Siempre' + habitual action → imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "31",
|
||||
"source_title": "Imperfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella ya _____ salido. (haber)",
|
||||
"correct": "había",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "Past perfect uses imperfect haber 'había'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo ya _____ estudiado.",
|
||||
"correct": "había",
|
||||
"distractor": "habría",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo form is 'había' in imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ visto la película.",
|
||||
"correct": "habíamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "hemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros form 'habíamos' for past perfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Antes de llegar, yo ya _____ comido.",
|
||||
"correct": "había",
|
||||
"distractor": "he",
|
||||
"explanation": "Past perfect with antes de.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él no me lo _____ mostrado.",
|
||||
"correct": "había",
|
||||
"distractor": "habrá",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negation goes before haber, which stays imperfect.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I had a dog (state) → Yo _____ un perro.",
|
||||
"correct": "tenía",
|
||||
"distractor": "había tenido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ongoing past state uses imperfect of tener.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I had to study → Yo _____ que estudiar.",
|
||||
"correct": "tuve",
|
||||
"distractor": "había",
|
||||
"explanation": "Completed obligation uses preterite of tener.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Antes de ir al trabajo, me _____ duchado.",
|
||||
"correct": "había",
|
||||
"distractor": "habíamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Reflexive 'me' before haber, yo form 'había'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "40",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Tense"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
106
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/reflexive-verbs.json
Normal file
106
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/reflexive-verbs.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ las manos antes de comer.",
|
||||
"correct": "me lavo",
|
||||
"distractor": "lavo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Lavarse needs the reflexive pronoun me when the action is on the subject.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ llamas?",
|
||||
"correct": "te",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Tú uses te.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ despertaron temprano.",
|
||||
"correct": "se",
|
||||
"distractor": "nos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ellos uses se.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ levantamos a las siete.",
|
||||
"correct": "nos",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros uses nos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estás _____ ahora mismo.",
|
||||
"correct": "lavándote",
|
||||
"distractor": "lavandote",
|
||||
"explanation": "When the pronoun attaches to the gerund, an accent is required to keep the stress.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ pongo el abrigo.",
|
||||
"correct": "me",
|
||||
"distractor": "te",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo uses me.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él _____ fue de la fiesta.",
|
||||
"correct": "se",
|
||||
"distractor": "le",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irse requires the reflexive pronoun se for él.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "29",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mis hermanos _____ ayudan con la tarea.",
|
||||
"correct": "se",
|
||||
"distractor": "nos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Mis hermanos = ellos → se.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ vemos los domingos.",
|
||||
"correct": "nos",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros uses nos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ saludaron en la calle.",
|
||||
"correct": "se",
|
||||
"distractor": "le",
|
||||
"explanation": "Reciprocal saludarse uses se for ellos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "John y yo _____ conocimos en 2010.",
|
||||
"correct": "nos",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Subject is 'we' → nos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mis padres _____ aman mucho.",
|
||||
"correct": "se",
|
||||
"distractor": "nos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Mis padres = ellos → se.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Vosotros _____ habláis a menudo?",
|
||||
"correct": "os",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Vosotros uses os.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "30",
|
||||
"source_title": "Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo usaré el teléfono _____ yo compré.",
|
||||
"correct": "que",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Refers to a specific noun (teléfono), so use que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ yo quiero es una casa.",
|
||||
"correct": "Lo que",
|
||||
"distractor": "Que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Refers to an abstract idea ('what I want'), so use lo que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú no sabes _____ tú quieres.",
|
||||
"correct": "lo que",
|
||||
"distractor": "que",
|
||||
"explanation": "'What you want' is unspecified — lo que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La casa _____ tú ves es grande.",
|
||||
"correct": "que",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Modifying a specific noun (casa).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo veo _____ ese hombre está caminando.",
|
||||
"correct": "que",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Conjunction joining clauses ('I see that…').",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ ellos necesitan es algo para comer.",
|
||||
"correct": "Lo que",
|
||||
"distractor": "Que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Abstract subject of the sentence.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo no vi _____ tú me diste.",
|
||||
"correct": "lo que",
|
||||
"distractor": "que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Unspecified thing — lo que.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo he tomado la medicina _____ el doctor me dio.",
|
||||
"correct": "que",
|
||||
"distractor": "lo que",
|
||||
"explanation": "Modifies medicina, a specific noun.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "45",
|
||||
"source_title": "Que & Lo que"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ la respuesta a la pregunta.",
|
||||
"correct": "sé",
|
||||
"distractor": "conozco",
|
||||
"explanation": "Knowing a fact uses saber; yo form is sé (with accent).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ tocar la guitarra muy bien.",
|
||||
"correct": "sabes",
|
||||
"distractor": "conoces",
|
||||
"explanation": "Knowing how to do something is a skill — use saber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ hablar tres idiomas.",
|
||||
"correct": "sé",
|
||||
"distractor": "se",
|
||||
"explanation": "Yo sé needs the accent; without it, 'se' is a reflexive pronoun.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la verdad sobre eso.",
|
||||
"correct": "sabemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "conocemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "The truth is a fact — use saber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ cocinar comida italiana.",
|
||||
"correct": "sabe",
|
||||
"distractor": "conoce",
|
||||
"explanation": "Cooking is a skill (how to do something) — use saber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ qué hora es.",
|
||||
"correct": "saben",
|
||||
"distractor": "conocen",
|
||||
"explanation": "Time is factual information — use saber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "23",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Saber"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a María desde la escuela.",
|
||||
"correct": "conozco",
|
||||
"distractor": "sé",
|
||||
"explanation": "Knowing a person uses conocer (with personal 'a'). Yo form is conozco.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Tú _____ Madrid?",
|
||||
"correct": "conoces",
|
||||
"distractor": "sabes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Knowing a place uses conocer.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ esta canción.",
|
||||
"correct": "conocemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "sabemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Being familiar with a thing uses conocer.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ a mis padres.",
|
||||
"correct": "conocen",
|
||||
"distractor": "saben",
|
||||
"explanation": "Knowing people uses conocer with personal a.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ que tú vienes mañana.",
|
||||
"correct": "sabe",
|
||||
"distractor": "conoce",
|
||||
"explanation": "A fact (that you're coming) uses saber, not conocer.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ ese restaurante; está cerca.",
|
||||
"correct": "conozco",
|
||||
"distractor": "sé",
|
||||
"explanation": "Familiarity with a place uses conocer.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "24",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Conocer"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
[]
|
||||
178
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/ser-vs-estar.json
Normal file
178
docs/spanish-fundamentals/exercises/seed/ser-vs-estar.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ de México.",
|
||||
"correct": "soy",
|
||||
"distractor": "estoy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Place of origin uses ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ doctora.",
|
||||
"correct": "es",
|
||||
"distractor": "está",
|
||||
"explanation": "Occupation uses ser; no indefinite article needed.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ amigos.",
|
||||
"correct": "somos",
|
||||
"distractor": "estamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Identity (we are friends) uses ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ las tres de la tarde.",
|
||||
"correct": "Son",
|
||||
"distractor": "Es",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hours 2 and up are plural → son.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "_____ la una en punto.",
|
||||
"correct": "Es",
|
||||
"distractor": "Son",
|
||||
"explanation": "1 o'clock is singular → es la una.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La fiesta _____ en mi casa.",
|
||||
"correct": "es",
|
||||
"distractor": "está",
|
||||
"explanation": "Where an event TAKES PLACE uses ser, not estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ muy alto.",
|
||||
"correct": "eres",
|
||||
"distractor": "estás",
|
||||
"explanation": "Physical trait → factual → ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "05",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Ser"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ feliz hoy.",
|
||||
"correct": "estoy",
|
||||
"distractor": "soy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Emotion that changes over time → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Dónde _____ tú?",
|
||||
"correct": "estás",
|
||||
"distractor": "eres",
|
||||
"explanation": "Location → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Las puertas _____ abiertas.",
|
||||
"correct": "están",
|
||||
"distractor": "son",
|
||||
"explanation": "Current condition → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Él _____ alto.",
|
||||
"correct": "es",
|
||||
"distractor": "está",
|
||||
"explanation": "Physical trait → factual → ser.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ en el parque.",
|
||||
"correct": "estamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "somos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Location → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ ocupado ahora.",
|
||||
"correct": "estás",
|
||||
"distractor": "eres",
|
||||
"explanation": "Temporary condition right now → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Hoy _____ nublado.",
|
||||
"correct": "está",
|
||||
"distractor": "es",
|
||||
"explanation": "Weather adjective → estar.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "07",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb Estar"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La puerta está _____ (cerrar).",
|
||||
"correct": "cerrada",
|
||||
"distractor": "cerrado",
|
||||
"explanation": "Puerta is feminine; participle agrees.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El libro está _____ (abrir).",
|
||||
"correct": "abierto",
|
||||
"distractor": "abrido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Abrir has irregular participle 'abierto'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Los textos están _____ (escribir).",
|
||||
"correct": "escritos",
|
||||
"distractor": "escribidos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular 'escrito', plural masculine.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La cama está _____ (hacer).",
|
||||
"correct": "hecha",
|
||||
"distractor": "hacida",
|
||||
"explanation": "Hacer→hecho; agrees with feminine cama.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El problema está _____ (resolver).",
|
||||
"correct": "resuelto",
|
||||
"distractor": "resolvido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Resolver has irregular 'resuelto'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Mis respuestas están _____ (completar).",
|
||||
"correct": "completas",
|
||||
"distractor": "completados",
|
||||
"explanation": "Respuestas is feminine plural.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El día está _____ (morir).",
|
||||
"correct": "muerto",
|
||||
"distractor": "morido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Morir has irregular 'muerto'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El _____ Día de los _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "Muertos",
|
||||
"distractor": "Muerto",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural masculine: Muertos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "38",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Participles As Adjectives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
[]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ a estudiar a las nueve. (empezar)",
|
||||
"correct": "empiezo",
|
||||
"distractor": "empezo",
|
||||
"explanation": "empezar is e→ie; the yo form is empiezo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ al fútbol los sábados. (jugar)",
|
||||
"correct": "jugamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "juegamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros doesn't take the stem change; it stays jugamos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella _____ que sí. (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "dice",
|
||||
"distractor": "dece",
|
||||
"explanation": "decir is e→i; él/ella form is dice.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ tu cumpleaños. (recordar)",
|
||||
"correct": "recuerdo",
|
||||
"distractor": "recordo",
|
||||
"explanation": "recordar is o→ue; the yo form is recuerdo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ venir hoy. (poder)",
|
||||
"correct": "pueden",
|
||||
"distractor": "poden",
|
||||
"explanation": "poder is o→ue; ellos form is pueden.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Vosotros _____ pronto. (empezar)",
|
||||
"correct": "empezáis",
|
||||
"distractor": "empiezáis",
|
||||
"explanation": "Vosotros keeps the original stem: empezáis.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "22",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stem-Changing Verbs"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Estos libros son _____ (mine).",
|
||||
"correct": "míos",
|
||||
"distractor": "mío",
|
||||
"explanation": "Plural masculine noun (libros) → míos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "La casa es _____ (ours).",
|
||||
"correct": "nuestra",
|
||||
"distractor": "nuestro",
|
||||
"explanation": "Casa is feminine singular → nuestra.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Una amiga _____ (of mine) llegó ayer.",
|
||||
"correct": "mía",
|
||||
"distractor": "mío",
|
||||
"explanation": "Amiga is feminine → mía.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Los problemas son _____ (theirs).",
|
||||
"correct": "suyos",
|
||||
"distractor": "suya",
|
||||
"explanation": "Problemas is masc. plural → suyos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "El coche _____ (of yours, tú) es nuevo.",
|
||||
"correct": "tuyo",
|
||||
"distractor": "tuya",
|
||||
"explanation": "Coche is masc. sing. → tuyo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Las ideas _____ (yours, vosotros) son buenas.",
|
||||
"correct": "vuestras",
|
||||
"distractor": "vuestros",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ideas is fem. plural → vuestras.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "32",
|
||||
"source_title": "Stressed Possessive Adjectives"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo quiero que tú _____ español. (estudiar)",
|
||||
"correct": "estudies",
|
||||
"distractor": "estudias",
|
||||
"explanation": "querer triggers subjunctive; second clause has a new subject.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es necesario que nosotros _____ aquí. (estar)",
|
||||
"correct": "estemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "estamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo sé que tú _____ la verdad. (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "dices",
|
||||
"distractor": "digas",
|
||||
"explanation": "saber states a fact — indicative, not subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Dudo que él _____ a la fiesta. (venir)",
|
||||
"correct": "venga",
|
||||
"distractor": "viene",
|
||||
"explanation": "dudar (Doubt) triggers subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es un hecho que la Tierra _____ redonda. (ser)",
|
||||
"correct": "es",
|
||||
"distractor": "sea",
|
||||
"explanation": "Statement of fact uses indicative.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Espero que tú _____ bien. (estar)",
|
||||
"correct": "estés",
|
||||
"distractor": "estás",
|
||||
"explanation": "esperar (Emotion) triggers subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Recomiendo que ustedes _____ todos los días. (practicar)",
|
||||
"correct": "practiquen",
|
||||
"distractor": "practican",
|
||||
"explanation": "recomendar triggers subjunctive; -car → -quen spelling change.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "46",
|
||||
"source_title": "Understanding the Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero que tú _____ ahora. (hablar)",
|
||||
"correct": "hables",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablas",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ar verbs take -e endings in present subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Espero que él _____ algo nuevo. (aprender)",
|
||||
"correct": "aprenda",
|
||||
"distractor": "aprende",
|
||||
"explanation": "-er verbs take -a endings.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es importante que nosotros _____ a tiempo. (llegar)",
|
||||
"correct": "lleguemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "llegamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-gar → -gue spelling change to keep hard g sound.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Dudo que ella _____ la verdad. (saber)",
|
||||
"correct": "sepa",
|
||||
"distractor": "sabe",
|
||||
"explanation": "saber is one of the 5 fully irregular verbs.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero que tú _____ feliz. (ser)",
|
||||
"correct": "seas",
|
||||
"distractor": "eres",
|
||||
"explanation": "ser → sea, seas, sea…",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es necesario que él _____ al doctor. (ir)",
|
||||
"correct": "vaya",
|
||||
"distractor": "va",
|
||||
"explanation": "ir → vaya in present subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Quiero que nosotros _____ temprano. (dormir)",
|
||||
"correct": "durmamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "dormamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ir stem-changer: dormir changes o→u in nosotros.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Recomiendo que tú _____ este texto. (analizar)",
|
||||
"correct": "analices",
|
||||
"distractor": "analizas",
|
||||
"explanation": "-zar → -ce spelling change.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es bueno que yo _____ paciencia. (tener)",
|
||||
"correct": "tenga",
|
||||
"distractor": "tengo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular yo verb: tengo → tenga across all persons.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "47",
|
||||
"source_title": "Verbs in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú esperas que yo _____ el libro. (comprar)",
|
||||
"correct": "compre",
|
||||
"distractor": "compro",
|
||||
"explanation": "esperar (Emotion) triggers subjunctive; -ar takes -e.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella desea que nosotros _____ más. (escribir)",
|
||||
"correct": "escribamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "escribimos",
|
||||
"explanation": "-ir verb in subjunctive takes -a endings.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Te recomendamos que tú _____ este coche. (conducir)",
|
||||
"correct": "conduzcas",
|
||||
"distractor": "conduces",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular yo: conduzco → conduzcas.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos dudan que él _____ mucho. (decir)",
|
||||
"correct": "diga",
|
||||
"distractor": "dice",
|
||||
"explanation": "Irregular yo: digo → diga.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es bueno que ella _____ feliz. (ser)",
|
||||
"correct": "sea",
|
||||
"distractor": "es",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive; ser → sea.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es triste que ellos _____ sin decir adiós. (ir)",
|
||||
"correct": "vayan",
|
||||
"distractor": "van",
|
||||
"explanation": "ir is fully irregular: vayan.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo quiero que él _____ con sus amigos. (jugar)",
|
||||
"correct": "juegue",
|
||||
"distractor": "juega",
|
||||
"explanation": "Stem change u→ue plus -gar spelling change to gu.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es importante que tú me lo _____ ahora. (dar)",
|
||||
"correct": "des",
|
||||
"distractor": "das",
|
||||
"explanation": "dar is fully irregular: dé, des, dé…",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "48",
|
||||
"source_title": "Examples in the Present Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo quería que tú _____ conmigo.",
|
||||
"correct": "hablaras",
|
||||
"distractor": "hablas",
|
||||
"explanation": "Querer in imperfect triggers past subjunctive in the subordinate clause.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Si yo _____ rico, compraría una casa.",
|
||||
"correct": "fuera",
|
||||
"distractor": "soy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Contrary-to-fact si-clauses use the past subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella esperaba que yo _____ encontrarlo.",
|
||||
"correct": "pudiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "puedo",
|
||||
"explanation": "Esperar in past + W.E.I.R.D. trigger requires past subjunctive of poder.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos dudaban que él _____ lo que era.",
|
||||
"correct": "supiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "sabía",
|
||||
"explanation": "Dudar (Doubt) triggers subjunctive; past frame requires past subjunctive of saber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Era necesario que nosotros _____ a la escuela.",
|
||||
"correct": "fuéramos",
|
||||
"distractor": "íbamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal expression in past + ir uses fuéramos (note accent on nosotros form).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú tenías miedo de que él te lo _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "diera",
|
||||
"distractor": "dio",
|
||||
"explanation": "Emotion in past triggers past subjunctive; dar → diera.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Necesitábamos que tú lo _____ aquí.",
|
||||
"correct": "pusieras",
|
||||
"distractor": "pones",
|
||||
"explanation": "Past necesitar + W.E.I.R.D. trigger; poner → pusieras.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo esperaba que ellos _____ un perro.",
|
||||
"correct": "tuvieran",
|
||||
"distractor": "tienen",
|
||||
"explanation": "Esperar in imperfect requires past subjunctive of tener.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "49",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Subjunctive (Imperfect Subjunctive)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo espero que tú _____ dormido bien.",
|
||||
"correct": "hayas",
|
||||
"distractor": "has",
|
||||
"explanation": "Esperar triggers subjunctive; haber must be in present subjunctive (hayas).",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es posible que nosotros _____ hecho algo malo.",
|
||||
"correct": "hayamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "hemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal expression triggers subjunctive form of haber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No creemos que tú hayas _____ mucho.",
|
||||
"correct": "comido",
|
||||
"distractor": "comer",
|
||||
"explanation": "After haya- forms you need a past participle, not an infinitive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es triste que él no lo _____ pasado.",
|
||||
"correct": "haya",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "Emotion (es triste) triggers subjunctive; the object pronoun lo goes before haya.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es imposible que ellos hayan _____ un libro.",
|
||||
"correct": "escrito",
|
||||
"distractor": "escribido",
|
||||
"explanation": "Escribir has the irregular past participle escrito.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Es una lástima que ellos no me lo _____ dado.",
|
||||
"correct": "hayan",
|
||||
"distractor": "han",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal triggers subjunctive; both pronouns precede the haber form.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ella duda que nosotros _____ venido tan rápido.",
|
||||
"correct": "hayamos",
|
||||
"distractor": "habíamos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Dudar triggers subjunctive in the present, not the past — use hayamos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "50",
|
||||
"source_title": "Present Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo dudaba que tú _____ llegado.",
|
||||
"correct": "hubieras",
|
||||
"distractor": "habías",
|
||||
"explanation": "Dudar in past triggers past perfect subjunctive of haber.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No había nadie que _____ dormido.",
|
||||
"correct": "hubiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "había",
|
||||
"explanation": "Negative antecedent (nadie) plus past frame requires past perfect subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "No era cierto que yo lo _____ llamado.",
|
||||
"correct": "hubiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "había",
|
||||
"explanation": "Impersonal negation triggers subjunctive; the object pronoun lo precedes hubiera.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Si tú _____ estudiado, habrías aprobado.",
|
||||
"correct": "hubieras",
|
||||
"distractor": "habías",
|
||||
"explanation": "Past contrary-to-fact si-clause uses past perfect subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú esperabas que él _____ ganado el juego.",
|
||||
"correct": "hubiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "Esperar in past + past-of-past meaning needs hubiera + past participle.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "¿Había alguien que _____ visto la película?",
|
||||
"correct": "hubiera",
|
||||
"distractor": "ha",
|
||||
"explanation": "Indefinite/uncertain antecedent in past triggers past perfect subjunctive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "51",
|
||||
"source_title": "Past Perfect Subjunctive"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo _____ un perro.",
|
||||
"correct": "tengo",
|
||||
"distractor": "tieno",
|
||||
"explanation": "yo form of tener is irregular: tengo.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Tú _____ que pagar.",
|
||||
"correct": "tienes",
|
||||
"distractor": "tenes",
|
||||
"explanation": "Stem change e→ie in tú: tienes.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Nosotros _____ una clase mañana.",
|
||||
"correct": "tenemos",
|
||||
"distractor": "tienemos",
|
||||
"explanation": "Nosotros keeps the regular stem: tenemos.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Yo tengo _____ salir. (have to)",
|
||||
"correct": "que",
|
||||
"distractor": "a",
|
||||
"explanation": "tener uses que (not a) before an infinitive.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "Ellos _____ que leer los libros.",
|
||||
"correct": "tienen",
|
||||
"distractor": "tenen",
|
||||
"explanation": "Ellos is in the boot: tienen.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I'm hungry → Yo _____ hambre.",
|
||||
"correct": "tengo",
|
||||
"distractor": "estoy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Spanish uses tener for hunger; estar is wrong here.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I'm 19 → Yo tengo 19 _____.",
|
||||
"correct": "años",
|
||||
"distractor": "soy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Age is expressed as 'tengo X años'.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sentence": "I'm very hungry → Tengo _____ hambre.",
|
||||
"correct": "mucha",
|
||||
"distractor": "muy",
|
||||
"explanation": "Use mucha/o (adjective) to intensify a tener expression, not muy.",
|
||||
"source_chapter": "14",
|
||||
"source_title": "The Verb \"Tener\""
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
[]
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user