{
  "chapter_id": "23",
  "slug": "the-verb-saber",
  "title": "The Verb Saber",
  "time_range_sec": [5812, 5991],
  "summary": "Saber means 'to know' factual information or 'to know how to do something.' Conjugates regularly except in the yo form (sé). Spanish drops 'cómo' before infinitives.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "saber-vs-conocer",
  "rules": [
    {"title": "When to use saber", "bullets": ["Knowing factual information (facts, times, answers).", "Knowing how to do something (skills, learned abilities).", "Think of saber as the cognitive equivalent of ser (factual identity)."]},
    {"title": "Irregular yo: sé", "bullets": ["yo sé carries an accent to distinguish from 'se' (reflexive/IOP).", "All other forms follow the regular -er pattern."]},
    {"title": "No 'cómo' before infinitives", "bullets": ["Say 'Yo sé hablar español' not 'Yo sé cómo hablar español.'", "The act of knowing how is implicit in saber + infinitive."]}
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo sé hablar español.", "en": "I know how to speak Spanish.", "tags": ["skill"]},
    {"es": "Tú sabes la hora.", "en": "You know the time.", "tags": ["fact"]},
    {"es": "Él sabe nadar.", "en": "He knows how to swim.", "tags": ["skill"]},
    {"es": "Yo sé hablar inglés.", "en": "I know how to speak English.", "tags": ["skill"]},
    {"es": "Tú sabes tocar el piano.", "en": "You know how to play the piano.", "tags": ["skill"]},
    {"es": "Él sabe cocinar bien.", "en": "He knows how to cook well.", "tags": ["skill"]},
    {"es": "Nosotros sabemos la respuesta.", "en": "We know the answer.", "tags": ["fact"]},
    {"es": "Ellos saben la verdad.", "en": "They know the truth.", "tags": ["fact"]},
    {"es": "¿Sabes el número de teléfono?", "en": "Do you know the phone number?", "tags": ["fact", "question"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "saber", "en": "to know (facts/skills)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "la verdad", "en": "the truth", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "la respuesta", "en": "the answer", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "nadar", "en": "to swim", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "cocinar", "en": "to cook", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "tocar", "en": "to play (an instrument)", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "saber",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {"yo":"sé","tu":"sabes","el":"sabe","nosotros":"sabemos","vosotros":"sabéis","ellos":"saben"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ la respuesta a la pregunta.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "conozco", "explanation": "Knowing a fact uses saber; yo form is sé (with accent)."},
    {"sentence": "Tú _____ tocar la guitarra muy bien.", "correct": "sabes", "distractor": "conoces", "explanation": "Knowing how to do something is a skill — use saber."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ hablar tres idiomas.", "correct": "sé", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Yo sé needs the accent; without it, 'se' is a reflexive pronoun."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ la verdad sobre eso.", "correct": "sabemos", "distractor": "conocemos", "explanation": "The truth is a fact — use saber."},
    {"sentence": "Ella _____ cocinar comida italiana.", "correct": "sabe", "distractor": "conoce", "explanation": "Cooking is a skill (how to do something) — use saber."},
    {"sentence": "Ellos _____ qué hora es.", "correct": "saben", "distractor": "conocen", "explanation": "Time is factual information — use saber."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR truncated 'sé' to 'say' and 'sabe' to 'sa' in many spots; reconstructed from context."
}