{
  "chapter_id": "20",
  "slug": "the-verb-gustar",
  "title": "The Verb Gustar",
  "time_range_sec": [5034, 5388],
  "summary": "Gustar means 'to be pleasing to'; the thing liked is the subject and the experiencer is expressed by an indirect object pronoun. Use gusta with singular nouns/infinitives and gustan with plural nouns.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "gustar-like-verbs",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Backwards structure",
      "bullets": [
        "Translate as 'to be pleasing to', not 'to like'.",
        "The thing liked is the grammatical subject; the person liking is expressed by an indirect object pronoun.",
        "Verb agrees with the subject (the thing), not with the person."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Choosing gusta vs gustan",
      "bullets": [
        "gusta: singular noun or one or more infinitives.",
        "gustan: plural noun.",
        "Multiple infinitives joined by y still take gusta (each infinitive is singular)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Clarification for le / les",
      "bullets": [
        "Add a + él, a ella, a usted, a ellos, a ellas, a ustedes, or a + name to specify the person.",
        "Optional clarifier a mí / a ti / a nosotros / a vosotros adds emphasis."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Me gusta bailar.", "en": "I like to dance. (lit. dancing pleases me)", "tags": ["infinitive"]},
    {"es": "Me gustan los gatos.", "en": "I like cats. (lit. cats please me)", "tags": ["plural"]},
    {"es": "Me gustan tus palabras.", "en": "I like your words.", "tags": ["plural"]},
    {"es": "Te gusta la casa.", "en": "You like the house.", "tags": ["singular"]},
    {"es": "A él le gusta jugar fútbol.", "en": "He likes to play soccer.", "tags": ["clarification", "le"]},
    {"es": "Nos gusta hablar español.", "en": "We like to speak Spanish.", "tags": ["nos"]},
    {"es": "Les gusta escuchar la música.", "en": "They like to listen to music.", "tags": ["les"]},
    {"es": "Me gusta hablar contigo.", "en": "I like talking with you.", "tags": ["infinitive", "contigo"]},
    {"es": "Me gusta bailar y cantar.", "en": "I like to dance and sing.", "tags": ["multiple-infinitives"]},
    {"es": "A María le gustan los libros.", "en": "María likes books.", "tags": ["clarification", "name"]},
    {"es": "A mí me gusta el café, pero a ella no le gusta.", "en": "I like coffee, but she doesn't.", "tags": ["contrast", "emphasis"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "gustar", "en": "to be pleasing to (≈ to like)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "encantar", "en": "to love (be enchanting to)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "doler", "en": "to hurt (be painful to)", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "molestar", "en": "to bother", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "interesar", "en": "to interest", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "importar", "en": "to matter", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "faltar", "en": "to be lacking", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "parecer", "en": "to seem", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "gustar",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {
        "yo": "gusto",
        "tu": "gustas",
        "el": "gusta",
        "nosotros": "gustamos",
        "vosotros": "gustáis",
        "ellos": "gustan"
      }
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "A mí me _____ la pizza.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Pizza is singular, so use gusta."},
    {"sentence": "A nosotros nos _____ los tacos.", "correct": "gustan", "distractor": "gusta", "explanation": "Tacos is plural, so use gustan."},
    {"sentence": "A ellos _____ gusta jugar fútbol.", "correct": "les", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Plural ellos requires plural IOP les."},
    {"sentence": "Me _____ bailar y cantar.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Multiple infinitives still take singular gusta."},
    {"sentence": "A Juan _____ gusta el café.", "correct": "le", "distractor": "lo", "explanation": "Gustar requires an IOP (le), not a DOP."},
    {"sentence": "_____ ti te gustan las películas.", "correct": "A", "distractor": "Para", "explanation": "Clarification structure uses a, not para."},
    {"sentence": "A María le _____ los gatos.", "correct": "gustan", "distractor": "gusta", "explanation": "Gatos is plural; verb agrees with the subject."},
    {"sentence": "Me _____ hablar contigo.", "correct": "gusta", "distractor": "gustan", "explanation": "Hablar is a singular infinitive."}
  ],
  "caveats": "Several OCR fragments ('Gatos' for los gatos, 'mea B' for me gusta bailar); reconstructed from context."
}