{
  "chapter_id": "08",
  "slug": "descriptive-adjectives",
  "title": "Descriptive Adjectives",
  "time_range_sec": [1948, 2152],
  "summary": "Spanish descriptive adjectives agree with their noun in gender and number, normally follow the noun, and pair with ser for permanent traits or estar for changing conditions.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "adjective-placement",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Gender and number agreement",
      "bullets": [
        "Adjectives ending in -o are masculine; -a are feminine; -e or consonants are neutral.",
        "Pluralize by adding -s after a vowel (bonito → bonitos) or -es after a consonant (fácil → fáciles).",
        "The adjective must agree with the subject/noun it describes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Word order",
      "bullets": [
        "Descriptive adjectives go AFTER the noun in Spanish: el chico inteligente.",
        "Putting the adjective before the noun (el inteligente chico) is generally incorrect."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Ser vs estar with adjectives",
      "bullets": [
        "Use ser for factual/inherent traits: alto, bonito, inteligente, fácil.",
        "Use estar for conditions or emotions that change: cansado, triste, enfermo, relajado.",
        "Some adjectives work with either verb but change meaning (e.g., ser listo = clever; estar listo = ready)."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo soy alto y bonito.", "en": "I am tall and handsome.", "tags": ["ser", "masculine"]},
    {"es": "Yo soy alta y bonita.", "en": "I am tall and beautiful.", "tags": ["ser", "feminine"]},
    {"es": "Ellos son feos.", "en": "They are ugly.", "tags": ["ser", "plural"]},
    {"es": "Estas clases son fáciles.", "en": "These classes are easy.", "tags": ["plural", "neutral-ending"]},
    {"es": "Nosotros somos inteligentes.", "en": "We are intelligent.", "tags": ["plural"]},
    {"es": "El chico inteligente.", "en": "The smart boy.", "tags": ["word-order"]},
    {"es": "La lección difícil.", "en": "The difficult lesson.", "tags": ["word-order"]},
    {"es": "Yo soy bajo.", "en": "I am short.", "tags": ["ser"]},
    {"es": "Yo estoy cansado.", "en": "I am tired.", "tags": ["estar"]},
    {"es": "La chica es hermosa.", "en": "The girl is beautiful.", "tags": ["ser"]},
    {"es": "El hombre está relajado.", "en": "The man is relaxed.", "tags": ["estar"]},
    {"es": "Él es inteligente.", "en": "He is smart.", "tags": ["ser"]},
    {"es": "Nosotros estamos tristes.", "en": "We are sad.", "tags": ["estar", "plural"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "alto", "en": "tall", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "bajo", "en": "short", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "bonito", "en": "beautiful/handsome", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "feo", "en": "ugly", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "fácil", "en": "easy", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "difícil", "en": "difficult", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "importante", "en": "important", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "inteligente", "en": "intelligent", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "aburrido", "en": "bored", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "cansado", "en": "tired", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "enfermo", "en": "sick", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "listo", "en": "ready / clever", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "seguro", "en": "sure", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "preparado", "en": "prepared", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "relajado", "en": "relaxed", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "triste", "en": "sad", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "hermoso", "en": "beautiful", "pos": "adj"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "El chico _____ inteligente.", "correct": "es", "distractor": "está", "explanation": "Intelligence is a permanent trait → ser."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ cansados.", "correct": "estamos", "distractor": "somos", "explanation": "Tiredness is a changing condition → estar."},
    {"sentence": "Estas clases son _____.", "correct": "fáciles", "distractor": "fácil", "explanation": "Plural noun (clases) requires plural adjective."},
    {"sentence": "La _____ hermosa.", "correct": "chica", "distractor": "chico", "explanation": "Hermosa is feminine, so the noun must also be feminine."},
    {"sentence": "El hombre _____ relajado.", "correct": "está", "distractor": "es", "explanation": "Being relaxed is a temporary state → estar."},
    {"sentence": "Yo soy _____ (f).", "correct": "alta", "distractor": "alto", "explanation": "Feminine subject takes -a ending."},
    {"sentence": "El chico _____ (correct word order).", "correct": "inteligente", "distractor": "inteligente chico", "explanation": "Adjective follows the noun: el chico inteligente."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR garbled many adjective endings (e.g., 'AOS fos', 'esto'); cleaned using standard Spanish forms."
}