{
  "chapter_id": "09",
  "slug": "possessive-adjectives",
  "title": "Possessive Adjectives",
  "time_range_sec": [2152, 2312],
  "summary": "Spanish possessive adjectives precede the noun and agree in number; only nuestro and vuestro also agree in gender. The adjective su can mean his, her, its, or their, with context clarifying the owner.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": null,
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Placement and agreement",
      "bullets": [
        "Possessive adjectives go before the noun: mi casa, tu perro.",
        "All possessives agree in number with the thing owned (mi → mis).",
        "Only nuestro and vuestro additionally agree in gender."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Watch the accent",
      "bullets": [
        "mi (no accent) = my; mí (accented) = me (object pronoun).",
        "tu (no accent) = your; tú (accented) = you (subject pronoun)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "su is ambiguous",
      "bullets": [
        "su can mean his, her, its, their, or formal your.",
        "Resolve by naming the owner: 'con John y su padre' makes clear it is 'his'."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Mi coche.", "en": "My car.", "tags": ["singular"]},
    {"es": "Mis coches.", "en": "My cars.", "tags": ["plural"]},
    {"es": "Tu perro.", "en": "Your dog.", "tags": ["informal"]},
    {"es": "Tus perros.", "en": "Your dogs.", "tags": ["plural"]},
    {"es": "Nuestro gato.", "en": "Our cat.", "tags": ["masculine"]},
    {"es": "Nuestra rosa.", "en": "Our rose.", "tags": ["feminine"]},
    {"es": "Vuestro gato.", "en": "Y'all's cat.", "tags": ["spain", "masculine"]},
    {"es": "Vuestra rosa.", "en": "Y'all's rose.", "tags": ["spain", "feminine"]},
    {"es": "Yo hablo con su amigo.", "en": "I talk with his/her/their friend.", "tags": ["ambiguous"]},
    {"es": "Yo hablo con John y con su padre.", "en": "I talk with John and with his father.", "tags": ["disambiguated"]},
    {"es": "Yo hablo con Emma y con su madre.", "en": "I talk with Emma and with her mother.", "tags": ["disambiguated"]},
    {"es": "Yo hablo con mis padres y con sus amigos.", "en": "I talk with my parents and with their friends.", "tags": ["plural"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "mi / mis", "en": "my", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "tu / tus", "en": "your (informal sing.)", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "su / sus", "en": "his / her / its / their / your (formal)", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "nuestro / nuestra / nuestros / nuestras", "en": "our", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "vuestro / vuestra / vuestros / vuestras", "en": "y'all's", "pos": "adj"},
    {"es": "padre", "en": "father", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "madre", "en": "mother", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "amigo", "en": "friend", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "coche", "en": "car", "pos": "noun"},
    {"es": "perro", "en": "dog", "pos": "noun"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "_____ coches son rojos. (my)", "correct": "Mis", "distractor": "Mi", "explanation": "Plural noun (coches) requires plural possessive (mis)."},
    {"sentence": "_____ gato. (our, m.)", "correct": "Nuestro", "distractor": "Nuestra", "explanation": "Gato is masculine, so use nuestro."},
    {"sentence": "_____ rosa. (our, f.)", "correct": "Nuestra", "distractor": "Nuestro", "explanation": "Rosa is feminine → nuestra."},
    {"sentence": "Yo hablo con _____ amigo. (his)", "correct": "su", "distractor": "tu", "explanation": "su covers his/her/their; tu would mean 'your'."},
    {"sentence": "Yo hablo con mis padres y con _____ amigos. (their)", "correct": "sus", "distractor": "su", "explanation": "Amigos is plural, so use sus."},
    {"sentence": "_____ perro. (your, informal sing.)", "correct": "Tu", "distractor": "Tú", "explanation": "Tu (no accent) is the possessive; tú is the pronoun 'you'."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR rendered Spanish accents inconsistently (e.g., 'noest', 'vestro'); cleaned to standard nuestro/vuestro forms."
}