principle and fundamental that you need


in order to understand how Spanish


operates as a language after watching


this video you will have a clear basis


of Spanish and understand how to use its


ideas properly in essence this video is


a long collection of all of my previous


videos combined that show and explain


each Spanish concept individually so


that way you don't have to search each


concept on its own everything that you


need in Spanish is in this video aside


from verbs like gust and the difference


between K and qu I've decided to not


describe them because these are Spanish


Concepts that do not need thorough


explanations aside from that everything


else is in this video some moments will


have weird sentences like this concept


is for a future video but that is


because all of my videos are edited into


one long video some parts will be slower


quieter and maybe even faster than


others and I do apologize for these


moments like I said at the beginning


this is a simple collection of all my


previous videos combined so therefore I


cannot go back and change them in any


way what's in this video is the same


across all of my previous videos and I


will end the video with a short


conclusion explaining why I showed these


ideas as they are anyhow enjoy this is


my first official video on my channel


that's going to go in depth with the


aspects of a language that you would


need to know to speak I chose to go with


Spanish first because I'm learning it


right now and I would even say that I


have an intermediate to an advanced


level of Spanish in all aspects of


reading and writing moderate speaking


and a bit of listening though I'm not a


native Spanish speaker I do have a


substantial amount of knowledge when it


comes down to the fundamentals of the


language and by fundamentals I mean the


first words phrases and sentences that


you would need to know to start start


speaking Spanish on a beginner level


everybody has to start with the


fundamentals of the language


understanding the basic syntax of the


language the alphabet words verbs


phrases and everything in between the


Spanish alphabet is actually no


different than the English alphabet


following the same letters but there are


a few differences like having an in


which is an N with a squiggle over it


having 27 letters instead of 26 like in


English and also every letter is


pronounced differently as someone who's


learning Spanish you don't necessarily


need to learn how to pronounce every


letter of the alphabet what you do need


to learn is how to use these letters in


context however I will still pronounce


them for you so that you can understand


how the language is spoken a b c d e


one spoken as a side note people


sometimes like to include the letters CH


and Y making the alphabet have 29


letters but these are mainly sound


letters that are used a lot less and


something important to say about the


sound yeah typically speaking if you're


someone who is not of Spanish Heritage


you will pronounce the sound as yeah two


L's make a ye sound like yav which is


Spanish for key now I would like to


speak about the words that you would


need to know to say daily if you want to


speak Spanish for now the biggest advice


that I can give is to just memorize


these words and keep them locked in your


mind and whenever I say memorize this or


memorize that it basically means that I


simplified the context to its easiest


form it cannot get any easier than this


so it's not not going to be difficult to


memorize these words and have them


locked in your memory here's what I'm


going to begin with accents question


words prepositional words and adverbs


pronouns days of the week months Seasons


time words and numbers number one


accents accents in Spanish essentially


help to indicate which syllable of a


word should be stressed out when spoken


out loud the accents are placed above


vowels and whenever you say them you put


the emphasis of the sound on that vowel


here's an example and I'm using this


example as an example you don't have to


know the rules for now yo ablo in


Spanish means I speak don't worry about


the conjugation yo that's the


pronunciation yo however ELO means he


spoke L with an accent mark means he


because without the accent it means the


article the masculine and also H's in


Spanish are not pronounced so whenever


you see a word beginning with a followed


by a vowel just say the vowel as it is


it's Noto Oro it's ablo ablo ablo ablo


that's Accents in Spanish number two


question words the best advice for these


words is again just memorize them these


are the question words and in Spanish


they look like this where is d when is


quando what is K why is for who is Ken


which is kual how is and how much or how


many is Quanto quanta quantos Quantas


and also whenever you write a question


with them you have to put an upside down


question mark in the beginning this is a


rule in the language and this is


something good to remember if you see


these words with accents the words are


used as literal questions sometimes K


without an accent mark can mean that as


in the sentence I wanted to tell you


that I'm happy sometimes D without an


accent mark can mean where I came from


I'm not using it as a question I'm using


it as a location additionally p means


why because you can see the word being


split and the emphasis is put on the K


part however if you were to combine them


together pronounced por this word means


because por is why por is because the


last thing to note is that some question


words have genders and plurality for


example if I ask kenes I'm asking about


who as in multiple people instead of one


person another example is how many if I


say Quantas I'm saying how many for them


feminine because the ending ah is most


of the time feminine in Spanish if I say


quantos I'm saying how many for them


masculine because the ending o is most


of the time masculine in Spanish number


three prepositional words and adverbs


prepositional words can be Fanboys such


as for and nor but or yet so and as a


bonus by for is para and is e nor is NI


but is per make sure that you have one R


because two RS per this would be Spanish


for dog or is O yet is used as still as


in the sentence I studied for my test


yet I failed I studied for my test but


still I failed this word is is actually


used as


Oro so is and by is now we have some


adverbs if is C no accent because with


an accent you have C which means yes


then is Inon also Isen of and from both


mean de but the meaning changes in


context with is Con to is a in and on is


n and each is kada just make sure you


know this information number four


pronouns I'll use this 2 X3 chart to


First explain their position of order in


English in English you have I you he you


can also include she but I'll say he


just to put up some space we the pronoun


in the fifth position is actually you


all or y'all English doesn't have this


pronoun but I will still included


because Spanish has it and finally they


these are the pronouns in Spanish yo to


with an accent because without the


accent it means to which is your L you


can also say a or andad actually means


you formal like when you're talking to a


professional person noos is masculine


and noas is feminine these pronouns have


genders votos is you all masculine and


votas is you all feminine and AOS is


they masculine AAS is they feminine


andus is you all formal try not focusing


on these pronouns because you will


rarely use them in conversation make


sure you know the main ones like yo to


El andos number five days of the week


Monday is Lunes Tuesday is mares


Wednesday is m


is Sab Domingo you don't have to


capitalize these words in Spanish as you


do in English number six months once


again you don't have to capitalize these


feo abil


Mayo jul AO sept


OCT number seven seasons


Verano in Prima number eight time words


and some of these have genders such as


second which ISO Ora this can also mean


second as an a position I'm in second


place but the meaning changes in context


minute which is or you can say Unos or


unas which both mean some or a few


minutes hour is a week is month is mes


year is ano make sure you put the


because without it you have ano which is


anus yesterday is a today is oi and


tomorrow is Manana Manana can also mean


morning but the meaning changes in


context and last one number nine numbers


now I'm not going to write every single


number down because this will be a long


video but I'll give the syntax of how to


say numbers and from there you can say


numbers on your own


past 20 because all you do is take V and


then add any number you want to it but


it has to be written as one word like V


or V and so on 30 is TR e and whatever


number you want like


tros 40


mil and 1 million the last concept is


positions of numbers and these have


genders first is primo or Prima second


is SEO Ora it can also mean second as in


time I already covered


quarter of the time but the meaning


again changes in context


kto SE SE septimo Septima octavo octava


noen noena deimo deima there is no point


of learning numbers beyond that and it's


actually a concept I'll cover in a


future video so for now I want to say


that this is it for this video what I


covered in this video is the


fundamentals that you would need to


start speaking Spanish they all begin


here and of course if you don't memorize


all of them you can always use a


translator to translate the word that


you forgot and then it will be locked in


your mind accents question words


prepositional words and adverbs pronouns


days of the week


months Seasons time words and numbers


Spanish has a lot of verbs and a lot of


conjugation for those verbs and in this


video I'll go in depth and explain how


this fundamental actually works I like


to call this the primary fundamental of


Spanish because it's the first system of


the language where you'll need to think


in terms of translation unlike


memorization from the previous video


conjugation basically means that you're


modifying a verb so that it fits the


pronoun that you're writing the verb


into and speaking of pronouns here's


their syntax in case you forgot from the


previous video I'd also like to focus


not just on important verbs that you


have to know and how to conjugate but


also on which pronouns to concentrate on


the most because some pronouns are used


way more often than others like yo to


and L are used way more often than noos


Vos and AOS I'd first like to present


what the idea of verb conjugation looks


like in English to give you a base that


you can relate to the reason why English


is a very easy language is because it


has a very minimal syntax and it doesn't


really have a lot of variety in terms of


conjugation if I want to use the verb to


eat it will look like this in English


and keep in mind that this is just a


present form and also that the way you


figure out verbs in English is by the


preposition to to eat to walk to tell to


do whatever but in Spanish in order to


determine if a word is a verb it has to


end in a r e r or I but let's focus on


English for a second in English you say


I eat you eat he eats you can also say


she or it eats but we're focusing on


pronouns that you would use


realistically we eat you all eat there


reason no you all in English but I will


still include it because Spanish has it


and then they eat looking at the syntax


there's really n much in terms of


conjugation because eat stays eat for


80% of the pronouns and you only add an


s in the he pronoun because that's the


syntax of the language in Spanish there


are verbs ending in a r e r and I like


abl and V here are the meanings and


let's start with verbs ending in a r the


way that conjugation Works in Spanish is


by dropping off the ending of the verb


like abl and then you add the


corresponding conjugation that fits the


pronoun unlike the two conjugations that


you have in English Spanish has six of


them to conjugate simple verbs ending in


a r you first drop the ending of the


verb and then apply the ending that


corresponds with the pronoun for y you


put o for to you put as for l or aad you


put a for noos or noas but again we're


focusing on the pronouns you'll use the


most when speaking so for noos you put


Amos for Vos you put ice with an


emphasis on the a ice and for AOS you


put an let's use the verb abl which is a


verb you use a lot when you speak how


would you conjugate the verb abl in the


yo form you take a drop the ending and


you add o so you get ablo the the more


you try this concept the faster you'll


get it for two you get AAS for l or a


you get abla for noos you get aamos for


votos you get abl and for AOS you get


ablan try not concentrating on these


pronouns because the sentences that you


can make with them are very minimal all


we have to know for now is how to


conjugate verbs ending in a r using


every pronoun but you don't necessarily


need to make a thousand sentences with


them if you were to make phrases as


examples try focusing more on these


pronouns one important thing to note is


that the same system for conjugation


works for almost every AR verb out there


but I will not focus on all of them


because there is no point plus there are


verbs like gustar and pensar that are


topics for future videos and also I


don't like giving examples whenever I


show the First Fundamental of Spanish


because I believe that when you're


learning the beginning you can generate


examples on your own by simply


translating new vocabulary that you


encounter in your personal life plus as


I said as long as you know how to


conjugate verbs you're good to go


because by learning how to say yo ablo


you can already say many sentences like


yo ablo Espanol


y or you already said a few sentences


with the words yo and you can probably


say more based on whatever you want to


say next up there are verbs ending in


eer and these verbs follow a similar


syntax as verbs ending with a r for y


you drop the ending of the verb and you


put o for to you put s for l or a you


put e for noos you put Emos foros you


put Ace with an emphasis on the E Ace


and for AOS you put n using the verb K


as an example how would you conjugate


the verb K in the Y form you take K drop


the ending and add o so you get KO this


word can also mean like as in the


sentence like I told him yesterday but


the meaning changes in context for two


you get k for L you get k for noos Kos


foros and AOS com as I said again try


not concentrating on these pronouns


because the phrases that you can make


with them are mainly pointless there is


no point in knowing how to conjugate


every single e verb because you'll never


use all of them I'm just using a useful


verb like in order to show you how to


conjugate regular e verbs the last


concept is verbs ending in IR for yo you


drop the ending of the verb and put o


for to you put s for L you put e for


noos you put imos for votos you put is


with an emphasis on the E is and for AOS


you put n you might also notice that the


pronouns y to L and AOS all use the same


syntax as verbs ending in e which makes


the language more convenient using the


verb VI as an example for the Y pronoun


you take VI drop the ending and add o so


you get Vivo for two you get Viv for L


you get VI for noos you get Vios Vos VI


AOS VI as I said again there is no point


in knowing how to conjugate every single


IR verb because you'll never use all of


them so for now I want to say that this


is it for this video I could have made


it a longer video where I gave examples


and maybe quizzed you on some of the


topics that I show today but I prefer


not to I choose to end the concept here


because I believe that this is a


sufficient amount of information that


one would need to know in order to


understand verbs better in this video I


just explained the fundamental of a r ER


R and IR verb conjugation later you can


start making sentences using different


verbs and expressing any thought that


you have in mind in Spanish this is the


main fundamental of Spanish Spanish has


two types of Articles definite and


indefinite articles definite articles


speak of the articles the in English and


it's also known as the article that


specifies something such as the book


indefinite articles speak of a and or


some also known as articles that


generalize things like a book in Spanish


both types of Articles have gender and


plurality the definite article the in


Spanish is L the masculine and singular


and La feminine and singular a Libro


means the book and we know that this


article is masculine because the ending


of the noun that follows the article is


masculine most nouns in Spanish that end


in o tend to be masculine so we have to


put the masculine definite article L


likewise we do the same with the


feminine article Laina means the pool we


know this article is feminine because it


corresponds with the noun after it which


is feminine most souns in Spanish that


end in a tend to be feminine so we have


to put the feminine definite article La


if we want to pluralize the Articles L


becomes Los and La becomes l so Los


libros would be the books and Nas would


be the pools indefinite articles look


like this in Spanish un is a or n


masculine and singular and una is a or n


feminine and singular un Libro would be


a book and una Pina would be a pool also


it's really important not to say uno


Libro because if we say that we're


saying one book instead of a book we're


working with articles not numbers so if


we want to pluralize them we say Unos


lios some books and unas some pools


there are however a few strange words in


Spanish and we need to cover those to


such as class and car they both end with


e but they actually use the feminine


article La so la class is the class and


La car is the meat other words may end


in D such Asad and unad and those also


use the feminine article La soad is the


City and LA Universidad is the


University you might also find words


ending inion which is the English


version of words ending in t n and these


words also tend to use the feminine


article La so la Aion is the action at


last you might find a few exceptions


like prma and prog and you would think


that these words are feminine because


they end in a but actually they end in


Ma and words that end in MA in Spanish


use the masculine article L Elma is the


problem and El prog is the program two


more common words is Dia and AUA and you


want to say that those are feminine


because they end in a but they actually


use the masculine article l l is the day


and L AUA is the water there's also this


word photo and this word actually uses


the feminine article LA because photo is


short for photographia it ends in a so


you want to put La in the beginning the


verb s in Spanish means to be as in


being or existing and it syntax looks


like this in English I am you are he or


she it is we are yall are English


doesn't have this pronoun but I'm still


including it because Spanish has it and


they are part of the reason why English


is an easy language is because the


conjugation of these verbs stays the


same for most pronouns R is the same for


we they and you but they change for I


and he in Spanish however you have six


different conjugations for each pronoun


and actually the verb said is an


irregular verb meaning that you cannot


conjugate it like regular verbs and its


syntax completely changes in every


pronoun it looks like this in


I can give is to just memorize these


conjugations because there is no


conjugation pattern to follow with them


but also try not focusing on these


pronouns because they're not used as


often as the other ones in conversation


however s is not used the same as it's


used in English you might have heard


teachers use nursery rhymes to describe


this verb saying who are you and from


where always use the verb said or some


teachers might also say that the verb


said is applied for permanent traits


about oneself I however don't like these


explanations whatsoever because they


tend to confuse students rather than


make them understand the subject matter


properly so this is going to be an


easier explanation of what to do with


the verb s the verb s mainly applies to


these uses your name nationality and


place of origin occupation physical


traits generalizations when and where


are events taking place and time and


date number one your name nationality


and place of origin if you want to say


your name in Spanish you will say yoy


and then your name if you want to say


your Spanish and you are from Spain you


say the conjugation so is used here


because you're talking about yourself


and the same principle applies to the


rest of the pronouns based on whichever


conjugation you want to work with number


two occupation if you want to say that


he is a professor you would say LS


Professor also you don't have to put an


indefinite article like un before


Professor because it's a rule in Spanish


so you would just say LS Professor he is


a professor the same principle applies


to the rest of the conjugations and


whichever occupation you decide to say


number three physical iCal traits if you


want to say you are beautiful you will


say toes Bonito or Bonita depending on


the person and the reason you use said


is because it's a trait that applies to


the person all the time by saying you


are beautiful to Edis Bonito you're


saying that the person is beautiful


always he was born beautiful he's


beautiful now and he will die beautiful


number four generalizations if you want


to say it is important to work you would


say in Spanish there is no notion of


starting a sentence with the word it so


you'll immediately start it with is s


important number five when and where are


events taking place if you want to say


the party is in the club you would say


La Festa is in club similarly you can


say the party is at six which would be


La Festa is the rule here is to always


include alas if the number is plural or


more than one and speaking of time it's


the last most important use of the verb


said time and date you can say a simple


sentence like it's Friday which would be


a generalization and time and it would


be svetness however when you start to


speak of time as in a clock this is


where the syntax gets slightly tricky if


you want to say it's 1 p.m. the sentence


would be de it begins with s but throws


the definite article LA because it uses


una as a feminine number so it's the one


in the afternoon or of the afternoon


make sure that you include the article


LA but primarily focus on the S because


when you include numbers that are more


than one the amount of time becomes


plural if you want to say it's 2 p.m.


you would


say because now we have plurality now


the sentence is in plural because we


have a non- singular digit so instead of


saying s for one you would say son for


for two and pluralize La for last and


then you'd


say it's the two in the afternoon the


same principle applies to other numbers


of time such as or de so these are the


uses of the verb in Spanish and as a


matter of fact the easiest way to


remember them is to always remember that


the verb said applies to factual


statements about oneself in case you


weren't paying close attention


everything that I've listed in this


video were examples that apply factually


about yourself by saying so Alex I'm


factually stating that my name is Alex


and I can not change that fact if I say


soy Bonito I'm factually stating that


I'm a beautiful person in general by


saying es Lunes I'm factually stating


that it's manday today by


saying I'm factually stating that it's 2


in the afternoon right now everything


that I've listed in this video were


factual statements and now you


understand why some teachers in schools


say that the verb said applies to


permanent traits because these are all


factual statements the present


progressive in Spanish is the English


version of verbs ending in ing or as


they're formally called infinitives


infinitives are verbs that are placed


after already conjugated verbs and so


they don't change or slightly get


modified with the present progressive if


you want to use the verb to talk you


would say I am talking by adding an ing


to the infinitive I is the subject m is


the conjugated verb to be for the I


pronoun and talking is the infinitive


that gets the ing added to it both in


English and Spanish the present


progressive indicates that an action is


being done right now which means that


there's progress happening in the


present however the ing version of


English looks different in Spanish at


first if you want to start a sentence in


the present progressive in Spanish you


would begin by saying your esto which


means I am esto is actually an irregular


conjugation of the yo pronoun said from


the verb estar which means to be there


are different conjugations for this verb


with different pronouns but the topic of


this verb is for a future video in


Spanish you have verbs ending in a r e r


and I but their infinitive version of


the present progressive is actually


quite easy to remember for verbs ending


in AR you would want to remove the


ending of the verb and then add the


ending Ando using the verb abl in the


present progressive you would say youro


remove the ending and then add Ando as


the ending of the infinitive so this way


you get EST which means I am speaking


the same principle applies to the rest


of the pronouns in any infinitive that


you want to use but keep in mind that


there are six different conjugations for


the verb estar which apply to their


corresponding pronouns and as I said


again the verb estar is for a future


video for verbs ending in e r and I


remove the ending of the verb and then


add the ending e Endo using and in the


present progressive you would say esto


and Y EST viendo which is I am eating


and I am living the same principle


applies to the rest of the pronouns and


any infinitive that you want to use but


once again remember to use the right


conjugation of each pronoun at last you


might encounter a few exceptions in


Spanish where modifying some infinitives


might require a bit more modification to


make the verb sound better when spoken


for instance you might see the verb


which means to read and you would want


say but this would be a mistake in


Spanish because Spanish has a rule that


says you cannot have three vowels next


to each other so you have to modify one


of them with a consonant to eliminate


the repetitive pronunciation when the


word is said so instead of saying Le


Endo you would


say which means I am reading and the


same concept applies to any pronoun you


want to use you might also find this


verb D which means to sleep and you


would want to say y esto but because


dormir is a stem changing verb you have


to change the stem of the verb to make


its pronunciation sound better so


instead of saying yo you would


Sayo which means I am sleeping and the


same idea applies to the rest of the


pronouns there is however another stem


changing verb in Spanish like which


means to say you would want to Sayo but


Spanish says that you have to change the


stem of the verb to make it sound better


so instead of saying Endo you would


Sayo which would mean I am saying and


once again the same principle applies to


the rest of the pronouns the verb estar


in Spanish means to be as in being or


existing unlike the weird conjugations


with the verb the verb EST actually


follows the normal syntax of conjugating


regular ar verbs and it looks like this


in Spanish to EST or EST


EST EST and


estan before I explain the primary uses


of the verb EST I first need to note a


few important things about this verb


just visually looking at its syntax you


can probably tell that the conjugation


for the yo pronoun is irregular because


it ends with a Y and this is done


specifically to not get it confused with


the demonstrative adjective esto esto


means this in the neutral form whenever


you're referring to something and you


don't know what it is you will always


say kesto indicating what is this


without knowing if the object you're


referring to is masculine or feminine


another important thing to note with


estar is that the pronouns to L and AOS


all have accents on the A and this is


also done on purpose because if you were


to remove the accents you would have


different words these words pronounced


estas and esta mean these and this


feminine but with the accent they mean


you are and he or she is so it's really


important to put accents on them and put


the emphasis on the a as always try not


focusing on these conjugations because


they're not used as often as the other


ones in conversation now the most


important thing to note about the verb


estar is that even though it means to be


as in being its uses are completely


different from the verb s which I


explained in one of my previous videos


the verb estar mainly applies to these


uses the present progressive location


and health conditions and emotions


number one the present progressive the


present progressive is something that I


explained in the video before this one


so you should be familiar with the


syntax but now this is where we can


start using the conjugations that apply


to other pronouns for instance if you


want to say that he is running you would


use the conjugated verb estar for the he


pronoun which would


be if you want to say you are thinking


you would say to EST both of these verbs


are actions that are happening right now


which explains why the verb EST is used


here and the same principle applies to


any pronoun and verb that you want to


use in the present progressive number


two location and whenever I speak of


location I speak of spatial


relationships relative to where


something or someone is as of this


moment you might have heard the saying


don't EST which means where are you the


reason why the verb EST is used here is


because the question is asking where one


is right now and if you're answering


this question you will likewise use the


verb estar by saying yo esto in


whichever location you want to say using


location with a can also indicate where


something or someone is relative to a


different object when asking don't EST


you can also reply


with which would mean I am next to the


house or to the next of the house and


the reason why St is used here is


because it uses a location in relation


to something else the same principle


applies to any pronoun verb and location


you want to use and the last usage to


know what the verb estar is health


conditions and emotions and this is by


far the trickiest use of the verb estar


because it's the number one concept that


most students struggle with with


whenever I refer to conditions and


emotions I'm talking about adjectives


that people use to refer to something


that they feel right now and not a


physical trait you might remember me


saying that the verb said is used for


physical traits and while that's true


the conditions and emotions of people


and sometimes objects primarily refer to


something that somebody feels rather


than being a factual statement looking


at this example both the words Alto and


Feliz are adjectives but one is a


factual and physical trait while the


other is an emotion that changes over


time while the verb said refers to


factual statements part of which


includes physical traits which are


factual about oneself the adjective is


using the conjugation s because the verb


said refers to factual statements LS


Alto he is tall is a factual statement


because you cannot change that fact


however once you start including


emotions this is where you need to have


a different sense of being because by


saying yiz I am happy I'm indicating


that I'm feeling happy and that my


feeling will change in time rather than


this being a factual statement about me


if you were to switch them and


say and this is where the meaning in


both sentences completely Chang changes


by saying Alto you're basically saying


that he is feeling tall rather than him


factually being tall which would be an


incorrect use of the verb EST because


the verb estar refers to conditions and


emotions that actively change over time


Alto means tall and masculine which is


an adjective that refers to a physical


and factual trait about oneself rather


than a Feeling by saying y fiz I'm


saying that I am happy as in I am a


happy person in general I was born happy


I'm happy now and I will die happy all


of this being a false statement because


happiness is a feeling that changes over


time it doesn't allow the verb said to


be used here so instead you would want


to look carefully at the difference


between physical and factual traits


about oneself and conditions and


emotions that change over time and with


conditions and emotions you might find


these phrases and adjectives to be the


most practical and 99% of the time they


all use the verb estar because all of


these conditions are emotions that


change over time and don't remain


factual I am good esto BN indicates that


I'm feeling good rather than me being a


good person in general you are busy


estas okup indicates that you are busy


as of this moment and you will not be


busy in the future which doesn't allow


the statement to be factual about you


hence EST is used the doors are


open this means that the doors are open


now but the recondition will probably


change in the future and also you might


have noticed that the ending of some of


these adjectives end in o or as and that


is because adjectives in Spanish have


gender and plurality and as a matter of


fact I will describe the concept of


adjectives in the video after this one


hopefully I'm making myself as clear as


possible with what to do with the verb


estar and in case you still don't


understand the concept the verb estar


mainly applies to uses that are


happening right now at this moment and


they're most likely to change in the


future just like I listed examples in my


set video the uses of the verb estar


likewise have a connective pattern


across all examples that are used in


this video there are other uses of the


verb estar like weather expressions but


they're not as important as the primary


uses in this video the present


progressive location and conditions and


emotions are the primary uses of the


verb estop and all of these uses have a


connection and that is they're happening


right now by saying eloro I'm saying


that he is running right now but he will


not be running in the future by saying y


esta I'm saying that I'm in the house


right now but I will not be in the


future by saying to EST ok I'm saying


that you are busy right now but you will


not be in the future when you really


think about it it makes sense why


Spanish has two verbs for being or to be


because half the time you utilize verbs


that describe you factually and these


can never change but on the other half


of the time you're describing yourself


using traits that apply for the moment


and now you might also understand why


some teachers say that the verb said


applies to permanent traits while estar


refers to Temporary traits because some


conditions last forever while other


happen right now Spanish has many


different types of adjectives and in


this video I would like to explain how


descriptive adjectives work in context


and by descriptive adjectives I mean


adjectives that physically or


conditionally describe something or


someone in Spanish all adjectives have


gender and plurality with the exceptions


of a few words that have a neutral


ending but still follow plurality


adjectives ending in O are masculine


adjectives ending in a are feminine and


neutral adjectives vary based on whoever


the subject is of the sentence if you


want to say that you are tall and


beautiful you would say y Alto I Bonito


if you're referring to someone that's


masculine and ala ionita would refer to


someone who is feminine if you were to


say that they are ugly and masculine you


would say AOS fos because now there are


multiple people which generates


plurality if you were to work with


adjectives that have a neutral ending


and say a sentence like these classes


are easy you would say estas classes fil


by adding an Es at the end of the


adjective to fit the plurality of the


sentence if you were to say we are


intelligent you would say no intentes


because the ending of the adjective


matches the plurality of the sentence


the same exact principle applies to any


pronoun and adjective you would like to


use however taking simple sentences like


the boy is smar in might make learning


too impractical because you're


generating sentences that are too easy


to say or sentences that are not said as


often as others if you were to instead


say the smart boy this is where the


syntax would start changing positions in


the sentence you would want to say El


intell Cho the smart boy but this would


be a mistake in Spanish because Spanish


has a rule that says you have to put


nouns before adjectives in order to


determine the subject from something


else so instead of saying El int Cho you


would say El Cho int which technically


would translate as the boy smart but


logically speaking it means the boy that


is smart but this is not included in


Spanish because it doesn't need to in


English whenever you're describing


subjects you put adjectives before nouns


but in Spanish you have to put


adjectives after nouns because it's a


rule in the language and once again the


same principle applies to any noun and


adjective you want to use there is


however an important rule to consider


whenever you're referring to adjectives


that are used factually and physically


about oneself and an adjective that is a


condition that changes over time in


English you may have sentences like I am


short and I am tired and both of these


sentences use the same conjugated form


of the verb to be in this case I am


because in English we don't care about


the continuation of the sentence as long


as we use the properly conjugated form


of to be to match the corresponding


pronoun in Spanish however you have to


watch out for these things because these


sentences contain two senses of being


one using a physical and factual trait


about yourself while the other expresses


an emotion that you feel which will


change in the future and with


descriptive adjectives the same rule


applies for both adjectives that apply


factually and conditionally the only


challenge is figuring out whether to use


S or estar with physical traits and


conditions and emotions la Osa the


beautiful girl can also be said


asosa the girl is beautiful which uses


said to factually describe the


subject the relaxed man can also be


as the man is relaxed which uses the


verb to express the emotional condition


of the subject and with these being


physical traits that are used with s and


these being conditions that are used


with estar these are all commonly used


descriptive adjectives that you can use


to construct sentences on a daily basis


all you simply do is choose any pronoun


you want to use select any AD and then


remember which verb to use when


describing something or somebody for


example if you want to say that he is


smart you would say LS intell because


the word s is the correctly conjugated


form of said of the he pronoun being


used to express a factual statement


likewise if you want to say we are sad


you would say noos estamos tristes and


you would use EST as the conjugated form


of the wi pronoun because EST is used


for emotions that change over time and


you would also pluralize trist because


you have plurality in the sentence


possessive adjectives in Spanish


indicate that something is being


possessed by somebody or is in the own


hands of somebody the English version of


this would be my your his her or it our


Ys English doesn't have this adjective


but I'm still including it because


Spanish has it and finally there in


Spanish these possessive adjectives look


like this me with no accent because with


the accent you'll have a direct object


pronoun me to with no accent because


with the accent you have the pronoun you


Su and this adjective can simultaneously


mean his her or there and you can only


tell the difference between them in


context and finally noest vestro VRA


when the interesting things about


possessive adjectives in Spanish is that


the adjectives nestro and vestro are the


only adjectives that have gender if


you're referring to something masculine


in Spanish and you want to use the hour


adjective you would say nestro and then


whatever the follow-up is you can do the


same with nestra using feminine words


and you can replicate this concept using


the vestro adjective however I recommend


not focusing on these adjectives because


they're not used as often as the other


ones in Spanish and also all of these


possessive adjectives have plurality and


the way that you pluralize them is by


simply adding an S at the end of every


adjective and with plurality you can


only use it when you're referring to


noun that are not singular for example


if you want to say my car you would say


m cooche but saying my cars would be M


cooches if you want to say your dog you


would say two perro and saying your dogs


would be twoos however using the Sue


adjective is where the syntax gets a bit


tricky and like I said again this


adjective can mean his her and there it


can be pluralized and you can only tell


the difference between them in context


you can have a sentence in English like


I talk with his friend and in Spanish


the sentence would be Yu Amigo in


English understanding the adjective is


very easy because who have an adjective


that specifies who it is in this case


it's masculine in Spanish however it


would be difficult to tell if Su refers


to his her or their a tip that I can


give to not get these confused is to


always specify who is the subject within


the sentence that you're saying you can


say a sentence like I talk with Jon and


with his father and in Spanish the


sentence would


be and in this context you would know


that the adjective Su is masculine and


indicates his because JN is a masculine


name likewise you can have a sentence


like I talk with Emma and with her


mother and in Spanish the sentence would


be you Emma


and in this context we know that Su is


feminine and indicates her because Emma


is feminine at last you can have a


sentence that utilizes two adjectives


and you can pluralize them both like I


talk with my parents and with their


friends and in Spanish it would


be is pluralized because padis is a


plural noun and sus is also pluralized


because of Amigos but it mainly refers


to the adjective there because of my


parents's friends which is they friends


using the system is actually quite


useful to keep these possessive


adjectives in the back of your mind


because the sentences that you can make


with them are practical and Limitless


and once again the same principle


applies to any sentence you want to say


using these adjectives demonstra of


adjectives in Spanish are adjectives


that are used to indicate a specific


word or precisely determine what


something is in English it's very easy


to decide on these adjectives because


you have only two primary words that


determine something and these words are


this and that and if you want to


pluralize them this becomes these and


that becomes those in Spanish you have


the same concept along with a bit more


variety gender and plurality in Spanish


this would be Estee masculine and esta


feminine and that would be ESS masculine


and Essa feminine it's really tempting


to say esto or ESO because the feminine


version ends in a so you want to put an


O for the masculine adjectives however


Spanish does have these words esto and


ESO but these are adjectives that have


the neuter gender meaning that you don't


know if these adjectives refer to


something masculine or feminine roughly


80% of the time you would use these


words in sentences like kesto or keso


meaning what is this or what is that


these are simple sentences to remember


whenever you decide to speak Spanish


Additionally you could also use these


words for making sentences that have


generalizations such as this is for


everybody EST esos and the same concept


applies to ESO in any continuation that


you want to say overall you just have to


remember that Estee and are masculine


and esta Anda are feminine if you want


to pluralize them both EST and esta


become estos and estas and and Esa


become esos and esas Visually looking at


the syntax the plurality for esta and


Esa is very simple because all you do is


put an S at the end of the adjectives


but for Estee and


the ending changes to estos and esos and


that's the only tough part to remember


and also remember to not put accents on


esta and estas because if you do you


will have different words additionally


Spanish also has these words AEL and AA


both of which mean that as in something


that's over there if you want to


pluralize them AEL becomes AOS and AA


becomes AAS even though this


demonstrative adjective is used less


than the others it's actually helpful to


say in some cases but moreover it's


important to just know these words and


understand when to use them regarding


examples you you can use Estee and ESS


with masculine nouns like Estee Libro


and esta you can use ESS and Essa with


feminine nouns likeo and esaa and if you


want to pluralize any of them you would


have estos libros estas kasas esos csos


and esas mesas using these demonstrative


adjectives you can actually make many


sentences with them especially when


you're trying to determine something and


once you have enough practice you'll


find these words to be very useful and


practical you've probably heard many


phrases in Spanish used for greetings


and farewells some of which are useful


and some of which are kind of pointless


and in this video I'd like to present to


you what phrases are the best to use


when saying greetings and farewells in


Spanish bi Veno is probably the most


popular greeting there is which


literally translates as welcome if you


break the word apart you'll get bienn in


venido bienn means well and venido means


come which is a form of speech taken


from the present perfect Abed Veno to


have come and if you take that word Veno


and combine it with B you get bi Veno


it's well to have come or wellcome and


if you're referring to more than one


person you can also say bi venos buenos


Das literally translat as good days and


the ending of Buenos perfectly


corresponds to the ending of Das because


it's pluralized in masculine but mainly


speaking buenos dias is used more as


good morning rather than good days you


also have this phrase bu noes which is


literally good nights or good night when


beginning a conversation in Spanish a


person might begin the conversation by


immediately saying kapasa which


translates as what's going on because


the verb Pasar can actually mean to go


or to happen whenever somebody says


kasasa they're literally saying what's


going on or what's happening what's


happening can also be rephrased asando


using the present progressive and we


know that it's the present progressive


because it's using a conjugation of EST


and adds Ando at the end of the


infinitive and as a matter of fact it's


the same way the sentence Works in


English you can


say or maybe if you want to get fancy


you can sayal ketal literally translates


as what's such or what's the matter but


the meaning is mainly how are you and


the number one phrase that probably


everybody heard when learning Spanish is


K estas or KO estas which Lally translat


as how are you and with this phrase we


know to use the verb estar to ask


someone about their well-being because


the verb estar mainly applies to actions


and emotions that are happening right


now and so they're most likely to change


in the future by answering this question


you would say something like esto


because you're indicating that you're


feeling good or feeling well which


explains why your answer will also use a


conjugation of estar at last there's


gracias or muchas gracias which means


thanks or thank you very much and if you


want to sound polite you'll reply with


Danada which means of nothing indicating


thank you very much and there is no need


to thank me but overall denada is mainly


used as you're welcome if you're leaving


the conversation you might say something


like adios or chiao both of which mean


by or goodbye but the word adios can


actually be broken down into two words a


and dios which literally translates as


to God when Spanish was first


originating as a language the expression


to God meant to have a good farewell as


in to God you go but the meaning changed


over time which resulted simply in


goodbye there's also this phrase aista


which is constructed using a preposition


article and a noun and it literally


translates as until the view or until


the next time I see you or more of a


sophisticated and modern meaning would


be see you later see you later can also


be said as aao which actually translates


as until later you might have also seen


this phrase ASA Pronto which translates


as until soon but its Advanced


definition means see you soon and


finally hola means hello or hi po means


please and pdon is a polite way of


saying I'm sorry the verb p in Spanish


means to can or to be able to but it's


mainly used as to can in English the


syntax of this verb is very easy to


remember because can literally stays can


for the following six pronouns in


Spanish however you have six different


conjugations for this verb and it also


falls into the category of stem changing


verbs stem changing verbs in Spanish is


actually a topic for a future video but


as far as the verb ped goes stem


changing basically means that you have


to take the stem of the verb and modify


it in a way so that it sounds better


when the word is said out loud the verb


P falls into the o to U category which


means that you'll take the stem of p po


and then change it to pu however this


principle only applies to the yo to L


and AOS pronouns and the ending of all


of them correctly follows the regular


syntax of verbs ending in erer for the


noos and votos pronouns the stem


changing rule does not apply because


Spanish says that these pronouns sound


good enough when they're normally


conjugated overall you just have to know


that the stem changing rule applies to


the Y to L and AOS pronouns another way


to remember this is by looking at the


shape of the 2x3 chart and seeing that


it's shaped like a boot and so only


pronouns within the boot will apply to


the stem ch changing rule anything else


outside of the boot will not use the


stem changing Rule and every stem


changing verb that you will encounter


when learning Spanish will almost never


use the stem changing rule for the noos


and Vos pronouns the pronunciation goes


as follows y PUO I can to pues you


we can and AOS they can as always try


not focusing on these pronouns because


the phrases that you can make with them


are not that useful the only thing you


should know about them is that they


don't apply the stem changing rule


fundamentally the verb p in Spanish is


actually one of the most useful and


practical verbs that there are because


it's a universal verb that we


subconsciously use in many sentences


typically the way the verb to can is


used in English is by starting a


sentence with a pronoun and can such as


I can and then we immediately follow it


up with an infinitive in case you don't


remember an infinitive is a verb that's


placed after an already conjugated verb


that doesn't change or slightly gets


modified in this case we can say a


sentence like I can't speak span Spanish


which will use I can and then speak will


be the infinitive that's left untouched


and then you can plug in any language


you want in the end and in this sentence


alone I've used can three times we can


say a sentence like I can speak Spanish


and you can plug in any language in


Spanish I can speak Spanish would be y


ESP PUO is the correctly conjugated form


of of the yo pronoun a is the infinitive


that doesn't change form in espol is the


language at the end of course saying y


ESP doesn't actually mean that you can


speak because saying one phrase from


memorization does not indicate that


you've mastered the language in order


for you to get better you can actually


use the verb P to make many sentences


that don't necessarily have to relate to


languages if you want to say a sentence


like you can learn English you will


say if you want to say a sentence like


they can call by phone you will


say overall is probably one of the most


convenient and helpful verbs there is


not only in Spanish and English but in


other languages in general by


understanding how to conjugate pod and


knowing what phrases to use it with


you'll be able to generate any phrase


that you want almost instantly but this


of course requires a bit more practice


and examples that you can generate on


your way the verb ear in Spanish means


to go which is actually one of the


trickiest and hardest verbs to work with


but in this video I'll simplify its


principle to its most understandable way


at first there are a few rules you


should know about the verb to go in


English so that you can utilize its


principle and apply it to Spanish the


very first thing you should know about


the verb to go is that it can use the


present simple and the present


progressive which actually generates two


different meanings in context for


instance saying I go indicates that I'm


a person who likes to go in general


whereas saying I'm going means that I'm


going right now and so my action will


change in the future the reason why I'm


mentioning this is because in English


these two phrases generate completely


different meanings however because the


verb IR is irregular in Spanish it does


not have a notion of the present


progressive and therefore its principle


uses both the present simple and the


present progressive in unison and it's


something I'll cover in a few minutes


from now the second thing you should


know about the verb to go is that


there's a big difference between using


to go as to go and to go to for instance


I can say a sentence like I go there or


I'm going with my friends and these


phrases don't have the preposition to


because these are generic phrases that


Express ambiguity on the other hand I


can say phrases like I'm going to the


store or I'm going to the class which


uses the preposition two to indicate a


specific destination Additionally you


can include infinitives with the


preposition two and these sentences are


actually used way more often than the


other ones you can say phrases like I'm


going to do my homework or I'm going to


read this book which utilize the


preposition two with an infinitive which


indicates an action that will be done in


the close future overall the syntax of


to go is easy to remember in English


because go says go for five pronouns and


only adds an es s for the he she it


pronoun however learning this verb in


Spanish requires a bit more thinking and


Analysis I first the verb to go in


Spanish means ir and it's actually a


very strange an irregular verb because


it's a mono cabric verb mono cabric


verbs in Spanish basically means that


the word has only one syllable and so


the language does not allow a normal


conjugation pattern to be used with


these words if you want to conjugate a


verb in Spanish it has to end in a r e r


or I you have to drop the ending and


then add the ending that corresponds to


every pronoun similarly the same can be


done with infinitives that slightly get


modified in the present progressive such


as adding Ando if a verb ends in a r or


eendo if the verb ends in e or I because


IR is a monosyllabic verb Spanish does


not allow this verb to use any of the


following principles that I just covered


so instead it decides to use a different


modification pattern that completely


doesn't correspond with the verb e


itself and speaking of monosyllabic


verbs that follow irregular patterns


I've actually covered a verb like that


in one of my previous videos and that is


the verb s the verb s is a monic verb so


it's irregular following a conjugation


pattern that doesn't relate to the word


s itself whereas with the verb estar you


do have conjugations that follow the


normal syntax of verbs ending in a r


that drop the ending and then add the


corresponding ending to every pronoun


nonetheless the verb has the same


Principle as the verb s where its


conjugations don't relate to the verb


technically speaking it does not even


have an ending and therefore you cannot


drop its ending or add endings that


correspond to every pronoun both in the


present simple and the present


progressive which might explain why


Spanish creates a completely different


syntax for this verb the pronunciation


goes as follows yo I go to vas you go l


or a said he goes noos v We Go Vos v y


go and AOS van there you go with the


verb ear I recommend that you actually


focus on every pronoun besides Vos


because the phrases that you can make


with them will be very useful and


practical the first rule that I've


mentioned with to go in the beginning of


the video was that it can be used as I


go and I am going which creates


different meanings in context however as


I said with the verb ear Spanish doesn't


allow this verb to be used in the


present progressive which changes the


meaning of its context by making it use


the present simple and the present


progressive at the same time in other


words whenever you decide to use IR in a


sentence like saying y this phrase


simultaneously means I go and I am going


and the same principle applies to the


rest of the pronouns in English both


phrases have different meanings but in


Spanish it means the same thing which is


also part of the reason why Spanish


students struggle with this verb


whenever they learn English more than


less I am going is more of a


sophisticated way of speaking in context


so basically y voy is used more as I'm


going rather than I go and you can make


sentences like I go go there or I'm


going with my friends which in Spanish


would be Y and yig which shows that vo


stays vo in both sentences in Spanish


but in English you have I go and I am


going and the same principle applies to


the rest of the pronouns and here we get


to the last rule of ir which is


something I've mentioned at the


beginning of the video and that is the


difference between to go and to go to in


English you can have phrases like I'm


going to the store or I'm going to the


class both of which use the preposition


two to indicate a specific destination


likewise you can use the preposition two


with infinitives like I'm going to do my


homework or I'm going to read this book


which indicates an action that you will


do eventually the way that this


principle Works in Spanish is by using a


conjugation of ir like yoy and then


adding the preposition a at the end


which literally means to if you want to


say I'm going to the store or I'm going


to the class you will say y Al


or and with these sentences you're using


the preposition to to specify


destination on the other hand you can do


the same with infinitives like saying


I'm going to do my homework or I'm going


to read this book which will be your


preposition to by applying it to the


verb itself and the same principle


applies to any pronouns you want to use


but keep in mind the difference between


to go and to go to if you want to say a


phrase like you're going to work you


will say to which will use the


preposition too if you want to say he


goes to my house you will


say if you want to say a sentence like


we go there with everybody you'll


say which does not use the preposition


too if you want to say a sentence like


the going to the university you will


say overall I would say that the verb is


an extremely useful verb in Spanish even


more so than and AER especially when


you're trying to communicate with people


who speak Spanish and tell them what


you're trying to do or where you go the


verb T in Spanish means to have and it's


actually a handy verb to use both in


English and Spanish but its concept is a


bit tricky to use in Spanish and in this


video I'll explain this verb as


efficiently as possible in English the


syntax of the have is easy to remember


because have stays have for five


pronouns and only changes to has in the


he she it pronoun so that it sounds


better for these pronouns like I said in


my IR video the verb T likewise has


tricky uses that are not that


complicated with ir there's a big


difference between saying to go and to


go to to go means to go somewhere in


general whereas to go to indicates that


one will do something in the near future


the verb to have both in English and


Spanish has the same concept of to have


and to have to to have indicates that


one owns or possesses something whereas


to have two demonstrates that one has to


do something in the close future for


instance I can say a sentence like I


have a dog which doesn't use the


preposition two because I literally own


something but on the other hand I can


say I have to leave which uses the


preposition two because it indicates an


action that will be done by me in the


close future with the addition of using


an infinitive leave after two and in


Spanish the verb T works the same exact


way with a bit more variety at first the


verb T is actually a stem changing verb


meaning that you have to change the stem


of the verb to make it sound better when


the word is said just like with the verb


po the St changing rule will only apply


in the two L and AOS pronouns in this


case the verb T falls into to the E to e


category meaning that you take T and


change it to T and this St will only


apply in the two L and AOS pronouns noos


and votos will not use the stem changing


rule because Spanish says that these


words sound good enough when they're


normally said the ending of all


conjugations perfectly follows the


syntax of verbs ending in e r but the


trickiest thing to remember with the


conjugations of T is that the yo pronoun


is also irregular by technicality you


would want to say yo but Spanish says


that this word sounds bad when said so


instead you would Sayo y Tango means I


have and that's the syntax of the yo


pronoun being irregular to TS you have L


he has


noos we have


Vos y'all have and AOS they have with


the verb ten I recommend that you focus


on all pronouns except votos because the


sentences that you can make with them


are very useful just like I said in the


beginning of the video there's a big


difference between using to have as to


have and to have to to have indicates


that one possesses something like I have


a dog and to have two means that said


one has to do something such as I have


to leave following an infinitive after


the preposition two both of these


sentences work the same exact way in


Spanish but there's one slight


difference that many people especially


students fail to acknowledge and that is


the preposition too you might remember


me saying that with the verb you'll need


to put the preposition a after a


conjugation of


like I'm going to the school which uses


as to with the verb you might think the


similarly use the preposition a such


as I have to leave but this would be


wrong in Spanish what you instead have


to do is instead of using the


preposition a you have to use as to


instead of saying yo you would


say which would mean I have to leave I


literally don't know why Spanish does


that but I do know that yo I have to


indicates a modern meaning like I must


rather than I have to so whenever you


say you're basically saying I have to


leave or I must leave and the same


principle applies to any pronoun you


want to use with the verb you have to


use as two in order to indicate


something something that you have to do


with the verb e you have to use the


preposition a as to in order to indicate


something that you're going to do in


English you can say I have to do my


homework or I'm going to do my homework


and in both phrases the preposition two


stays to however if you want to say


these phrases in Spanish you will say


or and as you can see Spanish uses as


the preposition to with the verb and as


the preposition to with the verb ear in


English it stays the same but in Spanish


it changes and the amazing and useful


part of about phrases like this is that


if you forget how to conjugate one of


these verbs you can always refer to the


other one to express the same sentence


and that's actually a very skillful hack


to remember whenever you speak Spanish


just know that if you see K after a


conjugation of it means to have to and


if you see an a after a conjugation of


it means to go to if you want to say a


sentence like you have to pay you will


say using the KE preposition if you want


to say he has a cat you will


say without adding the preposition if


you want to say we have a class tomorrow


if you want to say they have to read the


books you'll


say in case you want to practice with


more examples I recommend that you also


say these sentences using the verb so


that you know to use the preposition a


with and with the more you try this


concept the faster you'll get it


especially when you start generating


examples on your own so overall the verb


tet is a very useful verb in Spanish


both in terms of possession and future


actions before I end the video I would


actually like to cover one last concept


with the verb T and that's something


that's sound very practical to use but


it's something very very important to


know and that is that the verb T can


sometimes Express sentences with beings


as in to be you might remember my videos


where I talked about the verbs s and


estar both of which express permanent


and temporary states of being and while


I did those videos there was something


very specific I did not mention in both


of those videos such as expressions with


age temperature hunger and maybe a few


more as a reference consider these


phrases in English I am 19 years old I


am cold and I'm hungry if I were to tell


you to say these phrases in Spanish you


would probably say something like y d an


y EST and EST and that's if you used and


EST correctly some of you might make


arguments that using and EST is the


right way to go because by


saying I'm factually stating this about


myself which is why is used and for


phrases like EST or esto amre I'm using


AAR because I'm indicating that I'm


feeling cold or hungry right now and my


feeling will change in the future as


crazy as it sounds Spanish says that you


cannot use the verbs s and estar because


these are expressions that indicate


having a fact about oneself rather than


actually being that one self instead of


using soy or esto with these Expressions


you will need to use and in this case yo


instead of saying EST anos you'll say


Tango DS anos because actually I'm


indicating that I have the age of 19


rather than me being 19 by saying tangoo


or Tango amre I'm indicating that I have


a feeling of cold and I have a feeling


of hunger these Expressions technically


are not permanent nor temporary which


doesn't allow you to use the verb said


or EST so instead you have these


feelings rather than being being in


these feelings of course tet uses other


feelings like these ones but they're not


as important as the other ones in


conversation and the same concept


applies to any pronouns you want to use


Spanish has two types of prepositional


phrases that when combined eliminate


repetition of sound and that is Al and


Del Al is a combination of the words A


and L meaning to the masculine and Del


is comprised from the and L meaning from


the or of the masculine Spanish combines


these words to eliminate the Redundant


sound of the same vowel when they're


said saying a sounds a bit weird so


Spanish combines the words and forms the


word Al and that's the same thing with


Del because saying is redundant Al and


can be used both in context when you're


only using the masculine definite


article in case you want to use the


feminine definite article La you don't


have to combine the words together so


you'll simply say Allah or de as an


example you can say a sentence like I


want to go to the bathroom and in


Spanish it would


be but because Bo is a masculine word


Spanish has to combine the preposition


two with the masculine article so you


Al I want to go to the bathroom if you


were to instead use a feminine word like


you would simply


say without needing to combine the


preposition with the article likewise


the same method can be used with Del if


you want to say from thee or of thee for


instance you can say he is from the


market which would be LS and he is from


the class would simply be LS de if you


want to use as of the it would be useful


to use it in a question like what do you


suppose of the market and in Spanish it


be and of course the same concept


applies to any sentence you want to say


in Spanish but keep in mind that


whenever you say to the or of thee you


simply have to combine the words so that


they sound better when they're said Al


and now there are pronouns after


prepositions which are also known as


prepositional pronouns and they're put


after prepositional words such as of on


from to for with and more and in English


they look like this me you him her it us


all of you and them in English there is


no pattern to follow with any of these


pronouns because some of them completely


change while some stay the same such as


you keeping the same form as the regular


pronoun you contextually you can use


these prepositional pronouns and put


them after prepositions like what about


me this is on you this is from him take


it to her this is for us we go with them


and of course you don't necessarily have


to use these phrases in Spanish however


the same idea also works for


prepositional pronouns and actually


their syntax is a lot easier to


understand in Spanish in Spanish you


have me with an accent t l or a noos Vos


and AOS or just by looking at the syntax


you probably find it very strange that


the he we y'all and they pronouns


haven't changed because when compared to


their normal pronoun form they stayed


the same because Spanish decided to not


change their form and keep their form as


their regular pronoun form aside from me


and you and telling the difference


between pronouns and prepositional


pronouns in Spanish can be done by


simply looking if the word is after a


preposition you can have a simple


sentence like this is for us and in


Spanish the phrase would be EST es noos


and as you can see noos is placed after


the preposition para keeping its form


and not changing unlike English which


uses us and completely changes the form


whereas in Spanish it stays the same and


simpler to understand nonetheless you


can sometimes have sentences when you'll


have the same pronoun and prepositional


pronoun like they go with them which


would be AOS Vanos and at first looking


at this phrase is very weird because we


have the word AOS not changing form but


actually AOS in the beginning is they


and AOS in the end is them because it's


place after the preposition with but


once again these are just the rules of


Spanish and you can make many more


examples like life is easy for


her or you can go with


us or you can have a tricky example like


this gift is from him EST is with the


ending being not to be confused with


like I said in the beginning of the


video Del is of the or from the


masculine which uses the definite


article L but the L means from him


because L doesn't change in Spanish when


it's used as a prepositional pronoun


even though it's a rare instance you can


still encounter these things when you


learn Spanish at last there's one rule


that you have to remember with the


prepositional pronouns in Spanish


specifically relating to the preposition


con which is with it's the only


preposition in Spanish where if you


place these prepositional pronouns after


K they will keep their form but with me


and T you have to combine K with the


pronouns which would be kigo and kigo so


whenever you use prepositional pronouns


with K like do you want to go with me


you will


sayig and you can reply with yes I do


want to go with you


see and in case you use the other


prepositions with K you don't have to


modify them as you do with me and T and


that's as far as pronouns after


prepositions go direct object pronouns


in Spanish are pronouns that take the


form of a direct object within a


sentence in order to avoid repeating a


noun in the sentence as an example take


a look at this sentence in English I buy


a car I is the subject buy is the verb


and car is the object that's directly


stated in the sentence however most of


the time we change the object from a


noun to a pronoun whenever we speak


instead of saying I buy a car we can say


I buy it and now it becomes a direct


object pronoun rather than a direct


object noun and you have to remember


that a direct object pronoun is one of a


sentence has only one direct object


typically coming right after a


conjugative verb in English the phrase I


buy a car has a subject a verb and only


one direct object that's a noun the


phrase I by it likewise has a subject a


verb and one object that's a pronoun and


this is where you get the name direct


object pronoun and that's basically how


direct object pronouns work in English


but the most important rule to remember


is that a sentence has to have only one


direct object typically following a verb


in English regardless if it's singular


or plural and these direct object


pronouns look like this in English me


you him her it us all of you and them in


Spanish direct object pronouns work the


same exact way with a bit more variety


and they all share one rule that has to


be applied most of the time and that is


direct object pronouns in Spanish have


to come before a verb rather than after


a verb in Spanish direct object pronouns


look like


this or La no and or the first thing you


should know about these pronouns is that


the lo la Los and L pronouns are the


only pronouns that have gender and


plurality while the other pronoun nouns


May refer to me you us and all of you lo


la Los and L can also mean it or them as


an object or a person Lo can mean him or


it masculine La can mean her or it


feminine Los can mean them masculine as


in an object or a person and last can


mean them feminine object or person once


again you have to remember that these


pronouns come before a conjugative verb


consider this phrase in Spanish y i buy


a car in English if you want to replace


the object noun with an object pronoun


you would say I buy it putting the it


after by in Spanish however you cannot


do that so instead you put the object


pronoun before the conjugative verb in


this case considering that cooch is a


masculine word we need to use lo as the


pronoun you would want to say y but


Spanish says that you have to put this


pronoun before the verb so instead you


will say yo I buy it I don't know why


Spanish does that but it's something


that has to be known and of course you


can generate many more examples in


Spanish and I even recommend that you do


so because direct object pronouns in


Spanish is a topic that I've personally


seen many students struggle with you can


have phrases like I want the books yier


Los libros with los libros being them


masculine and you can instead say I want


them which in Spanish would be y you can


also say something like they have a


house but you can instead say they have


it which would be AOS you can have


simpler sentences like I love you which


uses a pronoun immediately without


needing to modify a noun for a pronoun


so the sentence would simply be I love


you you can repeat this concept with


another pronoun that doesn't to get


modified like NOS you can say you watch


us which would be to no me us and the


same concept can basically be applied to


any sentence you want to say however


there are more things you should know


about direct object pronouns


specifically relating to people and


using pronouns like him and her you can


have a sentence like she watches John


and you would want to say a but Spanish


says that whenever you have a connection


with a person you have to put a personal


preposition a before the person's name


so you would simply say a a she watches


John there is no English equivalent for


this construction but you can instead


say she watches him which would be a and


the same concept applies to any sentence


you want to say but keep in mind the


personal preposition a before you say a


person's name the last concept you


should know with direct object pronouns


in Spanish is that all of these pronouns


can also be placed after infinitives


which actually makes your thinking


process think a bit better and more


similar to English than to anything else


take this phrase for instance I can see


you in Spanish you would want to


say and this sentence actually has no


mistakes however there's a different way


to say this phrase and that is by


attaching the direct object pronoun to


the INF you can say but you can also


say I can see you it doesn't matter


which phrase you say because in case you


forget how to say one phrase you can


always say the other you can have


examples like they want to buy the


books lios with los libros being the


masculine pronoun which would


or you can also use direct object


pronouns when speaking in the near


future such as I'm going to read it or I


have to read it which can be said as Yol


and Yol or or if you want to simplify


the order of the words you can


say or however whenever you decide to


attach a direct object pronoun to an


infinitive you have to remember that


there are infinitives that don't change


form like in these phrases but you can


sometimes have infinitives that do get


modified in the present progressive you


can say a sentence like you're watching


me which can be said


or and both phrases have the same


meaning but with the second phrase you


have to put an accent on the infinitive


to maintain the emphasis on that


syllable to EST and you can say other


phrases like they are reading


or with an accent on the infinitive


overall you have to remember that you


cannot attach direct object pronouns to


conjugated verbs only to infinitives you


cannot say something like y i buy it


because you have only one verb in the


sentence and the direct object pronoun


is placed after the verb but you can


say I'm going to buy it


or I'm buying it because in these cases


you're using one conjugative verb and


one infinitive and the the direct object


pronoun is attached to the infinitive


not the conjugated verb and the same


concept applies to any sentence you want


to say and actually I recommend many


beginners to use direct object pronouns


by attaching them to the end of


infinitives because it makes your brain


think in the same order of the words as


you would use in English you don't say


in English I it am


buying but you instead say I am buying


it and the same concept basically


applies to any sentence you want to say


indirect object pronouns in Spanish are


pronouns that take the form of an object


noun in order to avoid repeating the


same noun in my previous video I


explained direct object pronouns in


Spanish and I explained that a direct


object pronoun is when a sentence has


only one direct object typically coming


right after a conjugated verb in English


an indirect object pronoun is actually


quite different and that is when a


sentence has two objects with the first


object being a direct object and the


second object being an indirect object


take a look at this sentence in English


I buy a car for you I is the subject buy


is the verb car is a direct object noun


because it comes first in the sentence


and U is the indirect object pronoun


because it comes second in in the


sentence in this video I will only cover


indirect objects in pronoun form because


I already explained direct object


pronouns in my previous video direct


objects are objects that are first


stated in a sentence and indirect


objects are objects that come second in


a sentence and in this video all direct


objects will be in the form of a noun


not a pronoun and therefore I will only


cover indirect objects in pronoun form


in Spanish they look like this me which


is me te which is you Le and this


pronoun can simultaneously mean to him


or to her or a person's name and I'll


get to that in a bit NOS which is US o


which is all of you and Les which is


them as you can probably tell from


looking at the chart the me you us and


all of you pronouns have the same syntax


as direct object pronouns which makes


the language more convenient however


this is where we have less for them as


in people and Le which can mean to him


or to her in a person's name and it's a


tricky concept to understand but I'll


explain it as easily as possible looking


back at this phrase I buy a car for you


car is the direct object noun and you is


the indirect object that's already in


pronoun form saying the sentence in


Spanish can be done using multiple ways


but the essential point of the video is


indirect object pronouns we can hack the


system by simply


saying using a prepositional pronoun and


while that saves us time we need to


understand how indirect object pronouns


work just like with direct object


pronouns indirect object pronouns


likewise come before conjugated verbs


and not after them so saying the


sentence in Spanish would simply


be I buy you a car or I buy a car for


you with the indirect object pronoun


acting as for you and the same idea


basically applies to the rest of the


pronouns but there are more things you


should know about indirect object


pronouns in Spanish such as the pronoun


le le can simultaneously mean to or for


him or to or for her or a person's name


and in order to specify who you're


talking about you'll need to put the


prepositional structure a plus a pronoun


like a or a which mean to or for him or


her consider the sentence in English she


buys a car for him car is a direct


object noun while him is the indirect


object pronoun and as you can see we


have to use the pronoun Le for him and


in Spanish the phrase would


be and because we have a visual


translation of him in English we know


that LE means him however what if we


don't have the phrase in English saying


this phrase in


Spanish we would know that the phrase


means she buys a car for but we don't


know who the person is because Le can


mean him her or person's name but Le


doesn't specify it and this is where


Spanish comes in and says to use the


construction a and then a pronoun in


this case L this construction can


actually be applied to any pronoun but


more than less it's mainly used for the


pronoun Le because it's the only pronoun


that isn't specific enough while we know


that me is me te is you and so on Le can


mean him or her and we have to specify


who it is with the construction a this


construction has to be placed either in


the beginning of a sentence or in the


end looking at this phrase she buys a


car for him in Spanish the phrase would


or it doesn't matter which phrase you


say but I recommend making sentences


using the second phrase because it's


similar to the order of the words in


English might visually be translated as


she him buys a car for him and in


English it doesn't make sense to say


this phrase because the language is


specific enough with the pronouns but in


Spanish it makes sense because the


pronoun isn't specific enough so the


sentence would simply be she buys a car


for him or she buys him a car while the


easy pronouns may be me you us and all


of you I would like to focus on Le for a


bit because like I said this pronoun can


mean him her or a person's name and


here's what I mean the phrase she buys a


car for him can also be said as she buys


a car for John with Jon being an


indirect object noun which still works


putting this phrase in Spanish is no


different than simply saying she buys a


car for him but the only difference is


that instead of saying we need to


say just to specify who the person is if


we say she buys a car for her we can


say if we say she buys a car for Emma


then we can say


just to specify who the person is and


that's basically the toughest part to


know with indirect object pronouns in


Spanish because I've seen many students


failing to understand what Le means and


why every sentence has the construction


a with a pronoun and the last thing to


note with indirect object pronouns in


Spanish is that these pronouns can


likewise be applied to infinitives the


same exact way that direct object


pronouns work and I'll actually provide


more examples in this video because


indirect object pronouns are a tricky


category in Spanish how would you say


this phrase in Spanish he wants to buy


you a book you can say l


you did a good job how would you say she


can give the papers to us you can


or how would you say I teach the concept


letter to her you can


using the present progressive now and


remembering that you have to put accents


on infinitives how would you say I am


reading the book for them


or with an accent on the infinitive how


would you say we are telling the truth


to you you can


the last one which can be said in


multiple ways how would you say she is


giving the money to him here are all the


constructions for this


or with an accent on the infinitive even


though it's a long example this is how


indirect object pronouns work in Spanish


and it doesn't matter which phrase you


say because all of them express the same


meaning and in case you get confused you


can always go back to the basics and say


any phrase you want because people will


still understand you my goal is to not


confuse you but to show show you that


there are multiple answers to any


question and that there are multiple


ways to answer any question it doesn't


always have to be one answer and one


answer only with the examples that I


gave in the video I tried my best at


showing you all the possibilities that


you can use with any sentence you want


to say and in case you got all of them


right then you did a really good job at


finding other ways to find different


answers in my two previous videos I


explained the concept behind direct and


indirect object pronouns and how they


apply separately direct object pronouns


is when a sentence has only one direct


object that can be replaced with a


pronoun not to repeat its form of a noun


instead of saying I buy a car I can say


I buy it with it being a direct object


pronoun indirect object pronouns is when


a sentence has two objects with the


first being a direct object and the


second being an indirect object an


indirect object pronoun is when an


indirect object noun is put into pronoun


form to not repeat itself instead of


saying I buy a car for John I can say I


buy a car for him with him being the


indirect object pronoun while I talked


about both Concepts separately in this


video I will show how to combine both


types of pronouns in one sentence and


this concept is actually easier than


people think in case you don't remember


remember here's what the Spanish


pronouns look like they both share the


same Syntax for me you us and all of you


but change in the he and they pronouns


lo la Los and L mean it or them as


something masculine or feminine while Le


and Les mean he or she and them as a


person combining both pronouns in one


sentence is actually not that hard but


there are a few rules to note with both


pronouns whenever you decide to use them


the first rule is that if you're using a


direct object pronoun and an indirect


object pronoun in one sentence the


indirect object pronoun has to come


first in the sentence and as always both


pronouns come before a conjugated verb


in a sentence take a look at this phrase


in English I buy a car for you car is a


direct object noun you is an indirect


object already in pronoun form and so


the phrase in Spanish would


be this sentence both in English and


Spanish can be said using both types of


pronouns and instead of saying I buy a


car for you we can say I buy you it


saying this phrase in Spanish is


actually not that hard because you have


to remember to put both pronouns before


a conjugative verb with the indirect


object pronoun coming first in Spanish


the phrase would simply


be with being the indirect object


pronoun you and lo being a direct object


pronoun that's a masculine it the


sentence can also be rephrased using the


present progressive such as I am buying


you it and this is where the second rule


comes in allowing both pronouns in


Spanish to be attached to infinitives we


or with the indirect object pronoun


coming first after the infinitive and


with an accent on the


infinitive however considering that com


is an infinitive that changes form it


has to have an accent regardless if


you're using a direct or indirect object


pronoun or both sometimes you can have


infinitives that don't change like in


phrase I can buy it which puts L with


and as you can see no accent is needed


here because you're using an infinitive


that doesn't change and the emphasis on


the syllable doesn't go away however the


third rule is that when you use both


types of pronouns you must put an accent


on both types of infinitives such as


saying I am buying you it or I can buy


you it which in Spanish would


and if you decide to attach both


pronouns to infinitives then you have to


remember to put accents on them to keep


their sound if you decide to put the


pronouns before a conjugative verb then


no accent is needed here are some


examples how would you say the phrase


she gives me it in Spanish with it being


masculine with me being the indirect


object and lo being a direct object now


how would you say she is giving me it


you can


say or if you want to attach the


pronouns to infinitive you can


say with an accent on the infinitive how


would you say the phrase you are showing


us it with it being feminine you can


or with an accent on the infinitive how


would you say the phrase they want to


present them to you with them being


masculine you can


oros with an accent on the infinitive


the more you try this concept the faster


you'll get it and hopefully I'm doing a


good job for presenting these


explanations because now there's one


last rule you need to know with both


types of pronouns also known as double


object pronouns and that is whenever you


decide to use two specific types of them


you'll need to modify one of them to


avoid repetition here's what I mean take


a look at this sentence she makes it for


him with it being masculine how would


you say this phrase in Spanish


considering that you know the rules for


indirect object pronouns instinctively


you would probably say something


like or if you want to you can put a at


the beginning of the sentence by


technicality this sentence would be


right if it wasn't for spanish's rule


for double object pronouns and that is


if you're using two pronouns with the


letter L you have to change the indirect


object pronoun to say to avoid repeating


the same letter instead of


saying you need to


say and you need to keep the part in the


sentence because we wouldn't know who


the pronoun refers to without it this


concept can also be replicated using an


infinitive such as she wants to make it


for him which can be said


or with an Accent on the infinitive and


with a l in the sentence the trickiest


thing to remember with this rule is that


you cannot use two pronouns with the


letter L and therefore this limits our


observation when it comes down to both


types of pronouns if the rule says we


cannot use two pronouns with the letter


L this means that the rule can only be


applied whenever we use Le Les with lo


la Los or L being him her them combined


with it or them the only combination we


can have with two pronouns beginning


with the letter L is whenever we use Le


or Les with lo la Los or and only in


these cases does le and Les change into


say so overall you have to change the


indirect object pronoun to say to avoid


repeating the same letter which


limitedly means that whenever you're


using Le or Les plus lo la Los or L Le


and Les inevitably both turn into SE so


at the end you wouldn't know who SE


refers to without using the construction


a plus a pronoun with indirect object


pronouns Le can mean to him or to her so


we need to use the construction a or a


to be more specific the pronoun Les is


actually already specific enough so we


don't need to use this construction


however with double object pronouns


because Le and Les both begin with the


letter L both of them turn into the word


say and therefore using the pronoun say


with double object pronouns can


simultaneously mean to him or to her or


to them so we need to specify it with a


a AOS or AAS and that's really the


difficult part to remember whenever used


to pronouns with the letter L hopefully


this will make sense to you here are


some examples of double object pronouns


using two pronouns with the letter L how


would you say the phrase she writes it


to him you would


say and you would include to specify who


it is because say can mean to him her or


them here's another example with the


same sentence how would you say she


writes it to


her hopefully that wasn't too difficult


how would you say she writes it to


themos with AOS being them masculine if


you want to you can change AOS to AOS


for them feminine here's another example


example how would you say you read it to


you say you read them to them to


sayos with AOS being to them and los


being them as the object you read here


are some final examples with infinitives


how would you say I am buying it to them


you can


or with an accent on the infinitive if


you wanted to you could have put the AOS


part at the beginning of the sentence


how would you say the phrase I can do it


to him you can


or with an accent on the infinitive and


notice how in both phrases refers to him


because it's an indirect object pronoun


that only changes to say because we


cannot have two pronouns with a letter L


I really hope that this video showed you


some good examples and explain how to


combine both types of pronouns together


and in case you're still confused you


can always go back and try to understand


the concept your way with more practice


double object pronouns would eventually


become an easy topic for you you've


probably seen many people explain the


verb gustar in Spanish by saying that


this verb means to like as in mea and


mea can which means I like to dance and


I like to sing I however do not like


these explanations because they tend to


confuse people rather than make them


understand the subject matter properly


in sentences like I like to dance and I


like to sing what I recommend doing is


instead of using the construction


megusta which visually doesn't make


sense you can use the verb Amar which


means to love instead of thinking of how


to use gustar in English and instead of


saying I like to dance or to sing you


can simply say y Amo and Y Amo which


would be I love to dance or to sing and


this method is actually quite effective


because most of the time that's how we


use these verbs and it also makes your


brain think in terms of the order of the


words in English unlike many people who


explain gustar as to like I want to give


gustar a different definition as in it


pleases or they please the verb gustar


is actually a very strange verb in


Spanish because it has a very unusual


conjugation pattern that doesn't follow


the normal pattern with normal ar verbs


gustar has only two two types of


conjugations which are gusta and gustan


and they mainly come from the English


verb to please in English the syntax of


to please stays the same for five


pronouns and only changes in the he she


it pronoun to connect gustar more with


English concentrate on the bottom


pronouns for a bit specifically on the


pronouns it pleases and they please the


reason why I've mentioned this is


because this is how systematically


gustar Works in Spanish and that's the


closest connection I can give it in


English you might have heard some