teachers say that gustar also refers to


somebody being pleased by something and


this is actually a definition that's


more more accurate and I'll get to that


in a bit is considered to be an


irregular verb not only because it has


two conjugations but also because it


doesn't use normal pronouns like Y noos


and so on but rather it uses indirect


object pronouns to specify who is being


pleased by what putting the pronouns


before a conjugated verb and therefore


the only sentences that you can have


with gust are


mea and we have to remember to use the


construction or to specify who Le refers


to and basically the list goes on the


reason why Spanish uses this


Construction with gust is because it


specifies who is being pleased by what


by putting the indirect object pronoun


before a conjugated verb looking at this


phrase mea one might say expressively


that it means I like but visually


looking at this phrase it doesn't make


sense for this phrase to be that because


me means me and it's not a normal


pronoun in English whenever we say I


like we use the normal pronoun I and


like is the syntax that applies to the


noun and not the continuation after it


with the verb gustar the conjugation


gusta applies to the thing being pleased


and not the pronoun as in it pleas


pleases me mea or they please me mean


overall gustar doesn't necessarily mean


to like something but it means to be


pleased by something with gusta


referring to it pleases and gustan


referring to they please and from there


we simply have to choose any indirect


object pronoun that we want to use in


Spanish it makes sense but in English


it's a tricky topic to explain because


English doesn't have a notion of this


I'm just using this comparison to


visually show gustar as closely as I can


in English nonetheless whenever we say


megusta or mean we're not necessarily


saying I like but rather we're saying it


pleases me or they please me and we know


to use pleases with it and please with


they because it's the syntax in English


gusta refers to it pleases plus any


pronoun you want and gustan refers to


they please plus any pronoun you want


the phrase mea B doesn't necessarily


mean I like to dance but rather it


pleases me to dance which is a


translation that's far more logical in


English then I like to dance if I say


I'm saying it pleases you to sing which


doesn't automat ially mean you like the


sing gusta in both cases refers to the


infinitive because the indirect object


pronoun is being pleased by the


infinitive and therefore gusta will


always refer to it just like in English


pleases refers to it and please refers


to they we don't say in English it


please or they pleases we quite


literally say the opposite and that's


exactly how gustar Works in Spanish if


we say a sentence like mean Gatos then


we're using gustan because the


continuation is a noun that's plural and


if we put this phrase in English we


would have they please me but because we


have cats as the noun we would say cats


please me and so the phrase doesn't


really mean I like cats but rather cats


please me however what if we have a


sentence like mea B in this case some


people might think to use gustan because


the continuation is plural but actually


this sentence can be broken down into


two separate phrases like megusta B and


mea which shows that we don't need to


use gustan because nothing is plural


it's the same thing as saying it pleases


me to dance and to sing which can be


said as one phrase in English or be


broken down separately which still


doesn't change the it pleases part


overall the same concept basically


applies to any pronoun you want to say


along with any continuation that you


want to use and here are some examples


Meo would literally mean it pleases me


to speak with you but if we want to use


gustan we can say something like


meas and in this case we would use


gustan because the sentence would be


your words please me with the word


please in the sentence saying a sentence


likea would literally mean the house


pleases you with the house being it


which pleases you saying a sentence like


who got football would literally mean it


pleases him to play football with him


being the construction a because we have


to remember that we don't know who Le


refers to without this construction we


can also say something like no gusta


which would be it pleases us to speak


Spanish and we can also say is which


would be it pleases them to listen to


music you can say any sentence you want


using the verb gust but as I said at the


beginning of the video instead of saying


phrases like mea B we can say yo Amo B


which would mean I love to dance rather


than I like to dance or it pleases me to


dance and the same idea applies to any


pronoun you want to use in this video I


wanted to show you how the verb gustar


Works in Spanish so that you can


understand how the verb Works in English


rather than explain gustar as to like I


decided to give a different perspective


on this verb to show how it's closely


related to English so this video was


more of a logical presentation of how


gustar looks like in English sometimes


there are Concepts that are more


practical to Know Than to use and I


would say that gustar falls into this


category Spanish has many verbs some of


which are normal across all pronouns and


some some of which are not so normal


called irregular yo verbs while you may


encounter regular verbs like K the


syntax of K across all pronouns follows


the standard conjugation pattern of


verbs ending in e r such as o s a and so


on however sometimes in Spanish you'll


encounter verbs that follow this pattern


across all pronouns except in the yo


pronoun and while these verbs follow the


normal syntax of every other pronoun


they do not follow the pattern for the


yo pronoun because Spanish says that


these conjugations don't sound good


enough when the word is said there are


useful verbs like Sal which means to


leave and while the verb follows the


normal syntax of verbs ending in IR it


doesn't do so with the yo pronoun you


would want to say yo but Spanish says


that this word sounds bad so instead you


would say yo salgo ending the pronoun


with go which is actually a common


ending for irregular verbs in the yo


pronoun some of which I covered in my


previous videos like a and ten a follows


the normal pattern across all pronouns


but changes to AO in the yo pronoun so


that it sounds better when said t does


the same thing with yo but it's also a


stem changing verb across some pronouns


but the topic of stem changing verbs is


for the video after this one you might


also encounter irregular verbs in the O


pronoun like conduc and truc in both


cases the verbs follow the normal


pattern of conjugating verbs ending in


IR but for the yo pronoun you would want


to say Yoo or yo but Spanish says that


these words sound bad one said so it


adds an extra letter to avoid the bad


sound and so the conjugations would end


in SK pronounce Yus and yuso which would


mean I drive and I translate you might


also encounter this verb Dar which means


to give and while it follows the noral


pattern of conjugating verbs ending in a


r the conjugation for the yo pronoun is


not yo but yo which is sort of similar


to y soy with the verb said and Y EST


with the verb at last there's also the


verb ver which means to see and while


its conjugations perfectly correspond to


all pronouns the Y pronoun is not y but


rather Y which means I see when using


these verbs follow the normal syntax


across all of their pronouns except in


the yo pronoun which which therefore


makes the verbs irregular yo verbs and


actually these verbs would be practical


to use whenever you decide to speak


Spanish but just remember to utilize the


yo pronoun properly with them there are


more types of irregular yo verbs like


P and and while these verbs follow


different patterns for the Y pronoun I


recommend knowing these verbs rather


than using them because generally


speaking they're not that useful in


conversation for instance p and suon


follow the common go ending in the yo


pronoun while maintaining the normal


syntax across the rest of the pronouns


protet is an inter in verb because it's


actually the only verb in Spanish that


follows an irregular ho ending for the


yo pronoun while still maintaining the


normal conjugation pattern at last you


can have a verb like trer which follows


the normal pattern of verbs ending in


eer but in the yo pronoun it has the


ending Trio and actually this ending is


done on purpose not to confuse it with


tago which in Spanish comes from the


word tragar which means to swallow suck


down or eat crap and actually it's one


of the most offensive verbs that there


is so it's best to not mention it


overall you just have to know that with


verbs like these you have to slightly


modify the your pronoun across all verbs


so that the word sounds uniform when


said and at that point you can basically


say any sentence you want using these


verbs stem changing verbs in Spanish are


verbs that change their beginning prefix


or stem to generate a better sound when


the words are said in Spanish there are


four types of stem changing verbs and in


the video I will not explain all stem


changing verbs that exist in Spanish but


rather present a useful verb in each


category so that you can understand how


stem changing Works in Spanish and then


apply to any other verb that you want in


that category the four main types of


same- changing verbs in Spanish are e to


E e to e o to u e and U to u e


considering e to e e as the first


category of stem changing verbs in


Spanish I actually already covered a


verb like that in one of my previous


videos and that is the verb ten however


for the sake of learning let's use a


different useful verb like empar which


means to start or to begin at first the


stem changing rule will only apply in


the yo to L and AOS pronouns and will


not apply in the noos and votos pronouns


you would want to say something like yo


and peso but Spanish say that this word


sounds bad one said so instead you have


to slightly modify the stem of the verb


from empo to Yo which means I start and


the stem changing concept applies to the


rest of the pronouns aside from noos and


Vos to msas you start LSA he starts


no we


start start and they start as always try


not focusing on these pronouns because


they're not that useful in conversation


and like I said at the beginning of the


video it's important to know how stem


changing work in Spanish but it's not


important to know every single stem


changing verb like Nar which changes


from E to e if you see a modified verb


that goes from E to e chances are that


it's stem changing next up there are


verbs that change their stem from E to e


like the which is a useful verb meaning


to say the SE is actually considered to


be irregular in the yo pronoun with the


construction Yodo but as far as the rest


of the pronouns go the SE still applies


it stem changing rule for two L and AOS


you would want to say two Des but


Spanish says that this verb sounds bad


when said so instead you have to say to


D which means you say El he says


noos we sayos deis y say and AOS desent


they say try not focusing on these


pronouns because they're not that useful


in conversation but in case you see any


other verb that changes from E to e


chances are it's time changing next up


there are verbs that change from o to U


and I actually covered a useful verb


like that in one of my previous videos


which is p but for the sake of learning


let's use a different useful verb like


record which which means to remember


instead of saying yo you need to Sayo


which sounds better when said and the


same concept applies to the rest of the


pronouns toas you remember El he


remembers we


remember y'all remember and AOS they


remember try not focusing on these


in conversation but if you see a verb


with u in it chances are it's stem


changing and finally there's one last


type of a stem changing verb in Spanish


and as far as I know it's the only verb


in Spanish that changes from U to U and


that is the verb hug which means to play


instead of saying Yugo you need to say


yo and one thing to note about both of


these words is that the word Hugo on its


own actually means juice and so it makes


sense why it needs to be modified so


that it's not confused with this word


however the word huego on its own can


also mean game as in video huego which


means video game but the wordo itself


changes its meaning in context and with


the verb hugar the stem changing rule


will only apply for the yo to El and AOS


pronouns toas you play El he


plays we play Vos H y'all play and AOS


huan they play try not focusing on these


pronouns because like I say all the time


they're not useful in conversation what


you should have known from this video is


how to systematically modify stem


changing verbs in Spanish so that you


can understand how words sound better


when they're said out loud of course


learning all stem changing verbs in


Spanish is completely redundant but it's


very useful to understand how every type


of stem changing verb works in Spanish


the verb sa in Spanish means to know but


it's not used the same way as it's used


in English in English we use the verb to


know in many different ways including


knowing factual information how to do


something and knowing people places and


things in general Spanish however


encompasses only some of the things I've


listed and so the language creates two


verbs for the verb to know and in this


video I will only cover the verb sa


rather than explain the verb how most


teachers explain it I would like to give


it a different definition by saying that


the verb means to know how to do


something or knowing factual information


and it actually has the same concept as


the verb said which means to be the


syntax of sa follows the normal


conjugation pattern for verbs ending in


e r but is actually irregular in the yo


pronoun yo say means I know and make


sure to put an accent on say because


without the accent you will have an


indirect object pronoun that will have


multiple definitions that have to do


with oneself toes means you know how to


do something which is factual El he


knows how to do something


noos we know Vos Sab yall know and AOS


sain they know try not concentrate on


these pronouns because they're not that


useful in conversation but like I said


at the beginning the verb sa refers to


factually knowing something part of


which includes actions which are


factually known the best way that I can


explain sabed without any confusion is


through the verb said said means to be


as in having factual traits about


oneself and so the same idea works for


the verb because it refers to factually


knowing information for instance if I


say a sentence


like I'm factually saying that I know


how to speak Spanish because it's a


language that I've mastered over time


and now I know how to speak it just just


like with the verb said you cannot


change any factual traits about oneself


the same way you cannot forget the


factual information you know or know how


to do if I say a sentence like


to I'm saying that you factually know


the time because time is something


factual to know and you cannot change


that fact if I say a sentence


like I'm saying that he factually knows


how to swim meaning that he cannot


change that fact about swimming he knows


how to swim and will not forget anything


and with examples that involve factually


knowing how to do something


like to too


and Spanish actually has a convenient


way of putting phrases together so that


they don't repeat unnecessary words by


eliminating the word Koo from the


sentence visually looking at the phrases


in English and putting them in Spanish I


know how to speak Spanish you know how


to play the piano and he knows how to


cook well you don't need to add the


adverb KO within the sentences the


reason why Spanish does that is to


eliminate repetition of words because


when you think about it saying a phrase


like I know to speak Spanish sounds sort


of understandable on its own without the


need of the word that specif the action


so just simply remember that you won't


need the adverb KO in Spanish because


the act of knowing how to do something


is already clear enough in Spanish


overall the verb sa applies to knowing


factual information and factually


knowing how to do something and it's


actually a very essential verb in


Spanish allowing you to understand how


to navigate your way around forms of


speech once you have understood how to


work with this verb understanding the


verb after Saar will be a lot easier


because normally educators will teach


both verbs at once which generally


causes confusion between students and so


the verb koser is for the video after


this one the verb koser in Spanish means


to be familiar with or be acquainted


with people places and things in general


unlike the verb sa which means to know


something factually or do something the


verb konos tends to lean more towards


acquaintances of ideas rather than


knowing ideas and if you think about it


there's a big difference between knowing


something from top to bottom and knowing


something that isn't fully clear which


is the reason why Spanish creates two


verbs for to know because one verb means


to know something factually and


completely whereas the other indicates


being acquainted with something rather


than fully knowing what it is the syntax


of Kos follows the normal conjugation


path or verbs ending in e r aside from


the yo pronoun which is irregular


following the ending like I said at the


beginning konos means more being


familiar with people places and things


in general rather than knowing something


factually therefore yosco means


unfamiliar with a person place or thing


rather than me knowing something


factually because being familiar with a


person place or thing doesn't


necessarily mean that I know it from top


to bottom two koses means you're


familiar with El means he's familiar


noos we're familiar with Kos y'all are


familiar with and AOS Kosen they're


familiar with as always try not focusing


on these pronouns because they're not


that useful in conversation overall the


verb konos is actually considered to be


a very useful verb in Spanish because it


helps to differentiate the qualities of


knowing something factually and being


familiar with a person place or thing


which is sort of the same way the verbs


s and estar work konos as a matter of


fact is very useful when it comes down


to asking questions and it actually uses


direct object pronouns to replace people


places and things which could all be


nouns for instance if I ask you Kos Las


Vegas I'm not necessarily asking you if


you know the city of Las Vegas but


rather if you're familiar with the city


of Las Vegas and you can reply with


like or if you want to use a direct


object pronoun you can simply


sayos the reason why the verb sa cannot


be used here is because by saying lasas


the verb sa would have to imply that you


know the city of Las Vegas from top to


bottom including the people streets food


and everything in general which would be


impossible to know ultimately resulting


in an incorrect use of sa which is why


Spanish calls the term koser being


familiar with rather than fully knowing


the person place or thing there are more


examples that you can make with Kos like


asking about people koses meaning are


you familiar with JN and as you can see


Spanish decides to use the personal


preposition a when it comes down to


being familiar with people but in this


case you can just consider the


preposition to be the equivalent of the


preposition with in English so whenever


you refer to people in general you


always have to include the personal a


and with the sentence koses Aon you can


reply with c y Kos a or if you want to


use a direct object pronoun you can say


C Yos there are of course more examples


that you can make with Kos


like he is familiar with my granddad or


maybe I'm familiar with the books or


maybe if you want to include an


infinitive inside you can


say which would mean you want to be


familiar with the country as country


refers to a physical Place overall konos


is an eminent verb in Spanish because it


helps you understand how to think of


people places and things in general by


being familiar with these ideas rather


than fully and factually knowing


everything about people places and


things I actually don't understand why


teachers teach both of these verbs at


once as I see the two verbs having


completely different definitions and so


mainly each verb needs its own


explanation of how to work with it the


past tense for regular verbs in Spanish


follows the same idea for the present


tense which I covered in one of my


previous videos but in this video I will


only explain the past tense for regular


a r e r and I are verbs in Spanish also


known as the predate or past simple


tense just like with the present tense


in Spanish the past tense follows the


same idea of dropping off the ending of


the a r e r or I verb and then adding


the ending that corresponds with the


pronoun let's start with regular ar


verbs for the yo pronoun you drop the


ending of the verb and then add the


ending a with an accent meaning that


You' always have an emphasis on that


vowel when you say the conjugative verb


for two you drop the ending and then add


the ending AE for l or AO said you drop


the ending and at the ending o with an


accent meaning that you likewise put an


emphasis on that vow for noos you you


put Amos and it's actually the same


ending for the pronoun that you have in


the present tense and so you can only


tell the difference between them in


context foros you put a and for AOS you


put Aron let's use the verb a as an


example how would you conjugate a for


the yo pronoun you take a drop the


ending and add the ending e with an


accent and so it's pronounced y I spoke


it's not y it's y for two you drop the


ending and add the ending AE so you get


aast meaning you spoke for l or a said


you get ablo with an emphasis on the


Last Vow it's not ablo it's ablo he or


she spoke for noos you get abl and it's


pronounced the same way as in the


present form and so you can only tell


the difference between them in context


for votos you get ablast which is you


all spoke and for AOS you get ablon they


spoke as far as ar verbs go I recommend


that you memorize all of these endings


except votos because there is no pattern


to follow with any of them but but the


trickiest pronoun to use is noos because


the word abl can mean both we speak and


we spoke however there is a way to tell


and that is by looking for keywords that


Express time for instance if I say AO a


I'm saying that we speak with you now


because the word a indicates that


however if I have a sentence


like the sentence would logically be we


spoke with them yesterday because AER


indicates yesterday which is an action


done in the past and that's really as


difficult as it gets now there are verbs


ending in e r and I and conveniently


unlike the present tense which has a


different conjugation pattern for each


type of verb Spanish decides to use the


same Syntax for the past tense of verbs


ending in e and IR both verbs that end


in e and IR share the same ending which


might develop an easier conjugation


pattern to memorize for the yo pronoun


you drop the ending of the verb ending


in e r or I and you add the ending e


with an emphasis on that vow for two you


drop the ending and add the ending e for


l or a you drop drop the ending and add


the ending EO with an emphasis on the o


for noos you drop the ending and add the


ending OS which is actually the same


ending as the ending of verbs ending in


IR in the present tense and once again


you can only tell the difference between


them in context and finally for votos


you get and for AOS you get let's use


the verbs and VI as useful verbs how


would you conjugate the verb in the past


tense for the yo pronoun you take K drop


the ending and put e and so you get yo I


at for two you get kist which is U at


for L you Geto which is he at foros you


getos which is we


ateos yall ate and AOS they ate and now


you simply replicate the same idea with


regular verbs ending in IR like VI


however don't forget about the noos


pronoun of ir verbs ending in OS because


they do share the same ending if I say


Vios in Las Vegas a I'm saying that we


live in Las Vegas now because a


indicates that however if I say Vios and


Angeles I'm saying that we lived in Los


Angeles a year ago because is the


construction that indicates that so


overall you have to watch out for these


things because that's as difficult as it


gets and with regular verbs ending in ER


and IR I recommend just memorizing the


pattern for all pronouns except votos


because it's the same in both types of


verbs and also because it's a pattern


that you would see all the time whenever


you study the past tense in Spanish as I


said in my video on how to conjugate


verbs in Spanish in the present tense


there is no point in knowing every a r e


r and IR verb out there because you'll


never use all of them I decided to


utilize useful verbs like abl com and VI


to demonstrate how regular verbs in


Spanish work in the past tense I could


have extended the video by giving


examples but I chose not to because I


believe that you can do so on your own


because knowing how the past or predate


tense Works in Spanish is sufficient


enough to understand how it can be used


as far as the past tense goes in Spanish


there are actually multiple variations


of it like the imperfect past perfect


condition and conditional perfect and


all of these tenses are topics for


future videos so I decided to not over


complicate the past tenses in Spanish by


simply showing the regular past simple


tense for regular a r e r and ir verbs


and if you see any verb that's


conjugated in the ways that I've shown


in the video that means that this verb


is in the past simple tense Spanish has


the verbs said and E which mean to be


and to go and even though these verbs


have different definitions the


convenient thing about them is that they


both share the same syntax when they're


put into past simple or predate tense in


Spanish the ver said means to be as in


being and having traits about oneself


and the synx of this verb in the present


tense has six different conjugations for


the six pronouns the verb ear however


means to go and sometimes can be


referred to as to go to but its syntax


is completely different in the present


tense from the verb set the two verbs in


the past simple tense share the same


syntax which makes Spanish more


convenient having an irregular


conjugation pattern and so you can only


tell the difference between them in


context fui can simultaneously mean I


went somewhere or to do something or I


was as in actions that were completed in


the past and I'll get to that in a bit


fuiste can mean you went somewhere or to


do something and also you were in a


position somewhere Fu can mean he or she


went and it also has a ubiquitous use of


it was in Spanish making it one of the


most useful words in the past simple


tense fuos means we went or we were Fu


means y'all went or y'all were and fuon


can mean they went or they were I


recommend that you actually focus on all


pronouns except votos and AOS because


all of these conjugations are very


useful in Spanish as I said before you


can only tell the difference between


said and ear in the past simple in


context and there's actually an easy way


to distinguish their meaning and that is


through the preposition a which is used


as the preposition to in English just


like when we say actions in the present


such as yo ala I go to the store it's


the same way you would say the phrase in


the past y ala I went to the store which


ultimately changes only one word making


the language easier to understand and


easier to distinguish from the verb set


in this context next we know that the


verb is IR because we see the


preposition a which is placed only after


conjugations of the verb regardless if


it's in the present or past y ala and Y


ala mean I go to the store and I went to


the store which simply changes only one


word noticeably understanding that ear


is used because you have the preposition


a after the conjugation in both cases


however you can sometimes refer to


like you go to do your homework and if


you want to put the phrase in the past


you simply change only one word by


to you went to do your homework and in


both cases everything else in the


sentence stays the same besides the


conjugation of both in English and


Spanish and you can make more examples


like she went to the concert yesterday


with a indicating that the action


happened in the past and also having Al


which means to the again knowing that


it's the verb you can also say a


sentence like Fiesta we went to see the


party and this sentence also has the


preposition a inside which refers to an


action done in the past once again


showing that the sentence contains the


verb ear the biggest tip that I can give


for telling the difference between said


and ear in the past simple is that if


you see this conjugation and you don't


know which one it is try looking for the


preposition ah after the conjugation if


there is an ah with or without an


infinitive the verb is IR because there


isn't much of a change from its form in


the present now understanding how the


verb said works in the past simple is


actually a bit more difficult to


comprehend due to its variations in the


past currently we're working in the past


simple also known as the predate and as


I said in my previous video Spanish has


many variations of the past such as the


imperfect conditional and so on however


what's important with the verb said is


that it's used in the past simple


strictly for describing actions that


specifically happened in the past and


I'm putting a very big emphasis on the


word specifically as I don't want to lie


to any of you watching this video I


myself struggled with the verb said in


the past simple but I can describe it in


the easiest way possible you might


remember me explaining the verb said in


one of my previous videos where I


described how the verb said works in the


present form part of which includes the


following applications of said you might


be thinking that since these are the


uses that are utilized for said in the


present form then they all have to be


used in the past tense also however


since I said that said is used in the


past only for situations that were


finished specifically and factually this


Narrows the field of the verb being used


in the past only to when where and how


events took place which can also be


explained as events that happened or


finished in the past suppose we have the


phrase la pelicula Fu AB meaning the


movie was boring in this case we have


the use of Fu which indicates was as in


the movie was boring since a movie is an


event that happened in the past and


stayed in the past the act of the


sentence remains factual because of how


was the movie and since there is the


word f in the sentence this shows you


how fu is used more than the other


conjugations of SE however and this is


something that I'll show rather than


explain if you take this phrase the


movie was boring and plug it into a


translator it might give a translation


that has the word era while the


translation of the sentence doesn't go


away the meaning is quite wrong about


the phrase because era is the imperfect


tense of said of the it pronoun meaning


used to be and it's actually a word


that's used more often than F but the


emphasis of this video is the past


simple saying laela ER AB means the


movie used to be boring which logically


doesn't make sense which is why F has to


be used indicating how events took place


in the past era is used more when it


comes down to describing objects and


people but it's a topic for a future


video in this video I just wanted to


mention that so that you don't get


confused about how the use said in the


past tense fu is by far the most common


use of used for the construction it was


saying it was difficult to study for the


test which can be said the same in the


present tense by simply changing one


word it is difficult to do the test and


you can also have simpler sentences


which are sentences that I recommend


using the most


likea meaning the party was in the club


which is the easiest sentence that shows


how said is used perfectly and logically


in the past by acting as an event that


took place in the past and stayed in the


past in the video I wanted to show how


the verbs sir and ear work in Spanish by


having the same syntax in the past


simple tense and also being able to tell


the difference between them in context


of course you can make any sentence that


you want using said and IR but the


biggest step that I can give in order to


tell the difference between them in


context is that the verb IR means to go


and if you see the preposition ah with


or without an infinitive after it then


the verb has to be IR alongside the verb


said means to be and if you see a


sentence that begins with the


construction F meaning it was or a


sentence that has f in it with an event


that's specifically finished in the past


then that verb is the verb said in the


past if you want to you can even


practice on some of my sentences in the


video and put them in English in order


to see if you got them right and if you


did then you did a good job there are


many types of verbs in Spanish such as


stem changing irregular yo and just


irregular verbs in general and in this


video I would like to describe every


type of them in the past simple form


even though not every verb will be


included in the video because you don't


need all of them I will explain all


types of verbs in the past for the first


video but in the second one I'll f


finished what I left off the list will


include weird stem changing verbs and


irregular yo verbs which I will separate


by categories and explain how to use in


the past doing so as quickly as I can


starting with generic irregular verbs


that have the TUV change in them one of


the verbs that falls into this category


is Ted which doesn't follow the normal


conjugation pattern of verbs ending in


eer instead of following the syntax of


normal verbs ending in eer taned decides


to use T as its main stem y means I had


to you had l tovo he had and so on I


recommend not focusing on these pronouns


because they're not that useful in


conversation and so the other ones are


more useful like


saying I had a cat or maybe if you want


to include an action inside you can


say meaning you had to do your homework


and from there you can make any sentence


you want after the verb T there are some


verbs that have the word ten in them


with different prefix in the beginning


such as DET rer and oper and in case you


want to use any of them in the past


tense you have to remember to likewise


change them with the like you change and


with verbs like these it's more useful


to know them than to use them luckily


for Spanish there's a very useful verb


that similarly uses the ending which is


something you don't expect from this


verb and that is the verb EST rather


than following normal conjugation


patterns for verbs ending in a r EST


decides to use the ending in all of its


pronouns y EST means I was to EST you


were El esto he was and so on like with


the verb T I recommend not focusing on


these pronouns because the other ones


are more useful one important rule you


have to remember with estar in the past


is that it's used for things done in the


past that stayed in the past in my video


about a star I talked about the


applications of a star in the present


but in the past it basically applies for


a location more than to anything else I


can say a sentence like esto in Madrid I


am in Madrid with him but if I want to


say this phrase in the past I'd simply


say y EST in Madrid because my action


was finished in the past meaning that I


never returned there and of course you


can make any sentence you want but just


be careful with using locations in the


past the last verb that follows the U


ending is another verb you don't expect


and that is the verb andar meaning to


walk instead of following the normal


conjugation of a r verbs it decides to


use the U ending to indicate an action


done in the past with a verb like andar


I recommend just knowing the verb rather


than using it next up there are verbs


that follow a p ending which luckily


share the same verb but with different


prefixes and that is the verb P instead


of following the normal conjug pattern


of verbs ending in e r Spanish decides


to change it to P for all pronouns y


means I put in the past to you put El he


put and so on as always don't


concentrate on these pronouns because


they're not that useful in conversation


if you were to say a sentence in the


past using p you can say something


like I put my phone here or maybe you


can ask a question like don't meaning


where did you put my shirt of course you


can say any sentence you want using this


verb I'm just giving a few examples to


demonstrate how to use the verb after P


there are many other verbs that follow


the P change like prop Dison compon and


Des compon and in case you have to use


any of them in the past remember to


change them the same way you would


change p and with verbs like these I


recommend just knowing them rather than


using them next up there are verbs


in and as far as I know there are only


three of them in Spanish and they're


very useful like conduc truc and produc


rather than following the pattern of


verbs ending in IR Spanish decides to


change them in the ending by


adding taking the verb cond as an


example y means I drove to means you


drove El means he drove and so on I


recommend knowing all pronouns except


votos because the sentences that you can


make with them are very useful and the


same concept applies to all of them


whenever you decide to use them in the


past any way you want while we're on the


category of De there are verbs that have


an e ending in the past simple meaning


to say or to tell instead of following


the pattern of ir verbs Spanish gives


the verb the and change I spoke to you


spoke and so on with a verb like I


Vos because these pronouns are very


useful especially when you incorporate


every Spanish concept with them for


instance I can say a sentence


like meaning I told you that I'm going


to be there or maybe some simpler


sentences would be better like El he


told me that yesterday or


maybe they told us that they are there


with a verb like you can basically make


any sentence you want depending on what


you want to say actually there are some


verbs that put a prefix before the like


PR and Contra and whenever you want to


use these verbs in the past remember to


change them like the and as always it's


more useful to know them than to use


them at last there's the verb meaning to


bring which is actually the last verb to


include a in the past simple tense


instead of following normal ER verb


conjugations the decides to add a in


pronoun I brought to you brought and so


on with a verb like I recommend knowing


it rather than using it next up there is


the East category which is used through


the verb AER instead of following the


normal ER pattern a uses an irregular


pattern across all pronouns and not only


does it do that but it has an irregular


word within its irregular pattern for


the L pronoun which is ISO meaning he or


she did or made the reason Spanish does


that is because when say is put before


an O it would have a c sound like ELO


but the word needs to maintain a sound


so it uses Zeta instead with a I


recommend knowing all pronouns except


Ros because they're useful in


conversation for instance a common


question that is asked many times is


meaning what did you do yesterday and


you can reply with meaning I did my


homework you can also use the verb as to


make in a sentence like


no we made the bed or


maybe they made a a cake for us and of


course you can make any sentence you


want using AER there are also the verbs


and and in case you want to use any of


them in the past you have to change them


as you would with AER but with these


verbs it's more useful to know them than


to use them the last category for this


video is verbs that have the VIN ending


like venir rather than following the


normal pattern or verbs ending in IR


venir changes all of its conjugations in


the past yo V I came to V you came and


so on I suggest knowing all pronouns


except V because it's a useful verb to


know in the past for instance a common


question with ven in the past is V


meaning from where you came and you can


with I came from my house you can also


say something


like we came from the concert at night


maybe they came from the school and of


course you can make any sentence you


want using the verb V in the past and


actually there is the verb prevenir


meaning to prevent and in case you want


to use it in the past remember to change


it like the verb venir and as always


it's a verb that's more useful to Know


Than to utilize this has been all types


of irregular verbs in the past tense in


Spanish part one the last category of


irregular verbs in the past tense in


Spanish is the category I call


miscellaneous meaning that there are


verbs that irregularly change their form


in the past and that there aren't any


other verbs that replicate their form


like the verb cab meaning to fit rather


than following the pattern of verbs


ending in e r as far as I know cab is


the only verb that follows the pattern y


I fit to you and so on I recommend


knowing this verb rather than using it


next up there is the verb which is the


only verb that has the pattern in the


past y I could toist you could and so on


I recommend knowing all pronouns except


Theos because p is a very useful verb in


the past tense but one important rule to


remember with pod in the past simple is


that it's only used for actions that


happened in the past and that stayed in


the past it's significant to not confuse


it with a phrase like I could have plus


an infinitive because this would be the


past participle in Spanish which is a


topic for a future video instead you can


use in the past simple by saying


like I could speak with him or maybe


toest you could go to the party of


course it's up to you to say any


sentence that you want with P after


there's the verb sa which is the only


verb that uses


an pattern y means I knew toist means


you knew and so on don't focus on these


pronouns because they're not that useful


in conversation one thing to note with


sa in the past simple is that it's used


in context when it comes down to knowing


something factually but not necessarily


something that you knew how to do in the


present sa is used for the following


applications but in the past simple


tense it's used to know something


factual like


saying I knew who won the game and in


the sentence I use Saed in the past by


factually knowing who won the game along


with using a regular AR verb for the he


she pronoun of course it's up to you to


say any sentence that you want with sa


after sa there's the verb K which is


which is the only verb that uses aiss


pattern Y is I wanted toist is you


wanted and so on don't focus on these


in conversation one thing to note with K


is that it's used in the past simple for


things that you wanted in the past and


that stayed in the past like


saying I wanted to play with you which


is an action that I wanted to do and I


no longer want to do it I can also say


like she wanted to open the door because


it's an action that stayed in the past


meaning that no longer wants to do it at


last in the miscellaneous category there


are the verbs V and dar and the easiest


way to remember them in the past simple


tense is that they literally share the


same ending for all pronouns aside from


the first letter of every conjugation y


v i saw y I gave to V you saw to you


gave and so on I recommend focusing on


all pronouns except Vos because they're


useful in conversation try some examples


on your own y andesta means I saw you at


the party to V


house means he saw how I did my


homework means I gave you my


pencil means he gave us the past these


are just some of the examples that you


can make with ver and D in the past


simple and as always you can say any


sentence you want using ver and D now we


get to the category of stem changing


verbs in the past simple the very first


thing that I suggest to all of you is to


remember that basically all of these


stem changing verbs will only apply


their stem changing rule for the L and


AOS pronouns all of these verbs are


regular verbs that follow normal


conjugation patterns across their


pronouns except for L and AOS so just


remember that the second thing I'll say


is that I won't give any examples with


any of the following verbs because these


are stem changing verbs that you should


know more than use considering that the


only useful way to utilize them is


through the L and AOS pronouns taking a


verb like sugar for instance it's a stem


changing verb that falls into the a to e


category and it follows the normal


conjugation pattern of verbs ending in


IR except for L and AOS instead of using


the stem beginning with e sug decides to


use e instead and at the most it's a


verb that's more useful to Know Than to


utilize generally the same concept


applies to the rest of the verbs that


I'm about to list going from E to e like


M which means to lie prefer which means


to prefer SE meaning to follow con


meaning to get repe meaning to repeat


Ser meaning to serve and ped meaning to


ask for all of these verbs are useful to


know rather than to use and the only


thing you should know about them is that


they change their stems from E to e only


in the L and AOS pronouns in the past


simple tense next up there are stem


changing verbs going from o to U and as


far as I know there are only two of them


in Spanish and these are dormir and


meaning to sleep and to die dormir


follows the normal pattern of ir verbs


but only changes its stem in the L and


AOS pronouns meaning El he slept and AOS


they slept and the same concept applies


to the verb El is he died and aoson is


they died as always these verbs are more


useful to Know Than to use the last


category of St changing verbs are verbs


that have the letter igga and also


include Accents in most of their


pronouns in order to maintain the sound


after having two vowels right next to


each other these can be verbs


like and and as you can see they are the


only verbs in Spanish that have two


vowels right next to each other so


Spanish decides to put accents on some


of their pronouns in the past simple in


order to maintain their sound the


easiest way to memorize them is to


remember that they all share the same


ending but different letters in the


beginning Y is I believed Y is I read


and Y is I heard toist is you believed


to Leist is you read and to O is you


heard and so on as always it's useful to


know these verbs rather than to use them


and now we made it to the final category


of irregular verbs in Spanish which I


think is the easiest and that is


irregular verbs that are only irregular


in the yo pronoun and in the past symbol


actually there are three types of them


in Spanish known as verbs that end in K


G or tar and since there's no point in


knowing all verbs in Spanish I'll show


one useful verb from each category at


first there are the verbs ending in k


like practicar and while this verb


follows the normal conjugation pattern


for a verbs in the past simple it's only


irregular in the yo pronoun ending in


meaning Yo practi which is I practiced


in case you see any other verb ending in


k and you want to use it in the yo


pronoun in the past remember to Simply


change it to


next up there are verbs ending in g like


H and while this verb follows the normal


conjugation in the past simple it's


irregular in the Y pronoun ending in GE


meaning Yo which is I played in case you


see any other verb ending in g and you


want to use it in the yo pronoun in the


past remember to Simply change it to G


at last there are verbs ending in Zar


like organizar which also maintain the


normal conjugation pattern in the past


simple while it's your pronoun is


irregular ending in meaning your organ


which is I organized as as always in


case you see any other verb ending in


Zar and you want to use it in the yo


pronoun in the past remember to Simply


change it to say and this is where all


types of irregular verbs in the past


tense in Spanish come to an end


throughout both of these videos I


demonstrated all types of irregular


verbs in Spanish in the past tense in


order for all of you to understand what


are their types how to use them and when


to use them of course knowing all verbs


in Spanish is impossible and potentially


useless so I decided to exploit the most


useful ones and put them in two videos


so that you don't have to look up any of


them and they're almost all in these


videos in case you didn't remember them


or forgot some of them you can always go


back and find them within the videos not


to mention that you probably don't need


all of them the point of this idea was


to provide a guide to all types of


irregular verbs in the past tense in


Spanish to understand how to use them


when you want to and like I always like


to say some concepts are more useful to


Know Than to use and this video


summarizes all of it in a nutshell


reflexive verbs in Spanish are verbs


that are applyed to oneself which is


typically the definition that most


teachers give them however I do not like


this explanation because I have a a


different way of expressing reflexive


verbs in Spanish making it easier to


understand what they mean a different


way to look at reflexive verbs in


Spanish is that they typically follow a


preposition or some continuation the way


that they look in Spanish is by having


any regular verb following the


continuation say after which is a form


of an indirect object pronoun that has


to do with oneself I will not explain


every reflexive verb in Spanish because


you don't need all of them but I will


present the most useful ones in Spanish


at first I would like to demonstrate how


reflexive verbs work in general by


showing how one verb works first let's


take the verb Lavar as an example this


verb in Spanish means to wash but in


Spanish the verb to wash doesn't always


conclude in its regular form often times


when we think of washing something we


can sometimes say to wash up if you look


at the verb in Spanish and compare it to


English there isn't really much of a


difference but once this verb becomes


reflexive we start to see that the


meaning is changing laar means to wash


but Lavar means to wash up which is a


verb that's put in a reflexive form and


that's really the closest connection I


can give it in English the way that you


would use the verb in Spanish is by


using indirect object pronouns and


putting them before the conjugated verb


for for instance saying Yol Lao means I


wash as in I wash something that's not


related to oneself as in Yolo Co I wash


the car however if I were to say Meelo


this is where the meaning itself changes


because the verb is not wash but rather


wash up meaning I wash up something that


has to do with oneself for instance


saying y means I wash the car but saying


meos means I wash up my hands in Spanish


the verb to wash can change its meaning


depending on how the action is used with


laar meaning to was and with meaning to


wash up and with the verb getting a


preposition when it's logically


translated into English in simpler words


reflexive verbs in Spanish like these


are verbs that follow a preposition or


some continuation when they're put into


English and as I said in the beginning


that's the closest connection I can give


it in English with every verb having its


own unique definition if you think it's


a difficult Concept in Spanish you'd be


surprised to know that in English there


are many verbs that f with prepositions


and not only are they different their


meaning changes indefinitely in English


you can have the verb to give but when


you start adding prepositions to it the


meaning changes through all verbs to


give to give off to give up and to give


in are verbs that change their meaning


once they're put into context and that's


only one verb to use not to mention that


it's a concept many people who learn


English struggle with in Spanish however


this concept is easier to understand


because the difference between a regular


verb and a reflexive verb in Spanish is


the word say in the verb itself which


can indicate that it's a verb that has a


preposition after it in English laar


means to wash but laar means to wash up


which logically Works in Spanish but in


English it may cause a of confusion we


can also say I wash up the car or I wash


my hands and while that's normal in


English Spanish doesn't allow this idea


to work which is why it generates


different meanings with every verb


reflexive verbs can also work in the


present progressive like saying to


estando meaning you are washing and


meaning you are washing up in the


present progressive you can also attach


the indirect object pronoun to the end


of the infinitive itself like saying EST


but for Spanish speakers it would be too


strange to say which is why most of the


time the indirect object pronoun has has


to be put before a conjugative verb it's


the same thing as saying in English you


are washing to you which doesn't make


sense so overall just remember to put


indirect object pronouns before


conjugated verbs at last reflexive verbs


can also function in the past simple


tense like saying El La meaning he


washed but saying a means he washed up


and we know that it's a he because the


construction indicates that and that's


really how reflexive verbs work in


Spanish and I would even say that


they're not as hard as people think they


are for the sake of learning I'd like to


give all of you useful reflexive verbs


so that you can understand how these


verbs work at Best because I'm not going


to list every verb that exists in


Spanish some of the most useful ones in


Spanish are B


a bath saying a sentence like Yano means


I bathe but saying Meo means I take a


bath of course you can stretch the


sentence in any way you want whether


it's using a different object pronoun


putting it in the present progressive or


past simple tense leant say is a verb


that's easier to understand because


leant means to lift or to raise but


leant means to lift up or get up to


leaste means you lifted but taste means


you got up of course you can stretch the


sentence in any way you want desper


means to arouse or to awake but Des


means to wake up desperto means he


butto means he woke up d means to sleep


but means to fall asleep I really hope


that you're starting to get the hang of


it now because most of the these


reflexive verbs are verbs that are used


in the past simple tense of course you


can make any sentence you want using is


a very interesting one because means to


go but means to go away or to leave


saying y means I go but saying Meo means


I go away or I leave and the same


concept applies to any pronoun and


sentence you want to use p means to put


but P say means to put down but let's


not forget that it's an irregular y verb


yongo means I put but me Pongo means I


put down and the same concept applies to


any pronoun and sentence you want to use


S is actually a reflexive verb that's


also stem changing s means to sit but


means to sit down yento means I said but


meso means I said down and the last most


useful reflexive verb is actually a verb


that many beginners heard of but never


understood and that is yamar while yamar


means to call as in to call someone by


phone yamar means to call oneself or


yourself in this case because it's a


verb that has to do with oneself the


most used sentence that everyone has


heard of isas meaning how how do you


call yourself while koyas can mean how


do you call as in how do you call your


favorite person or whatever komas means


how do you call yourself which is a


fancy way of saying what's your name you


can reply by saying May Alex or whatever


your name is a lot of beginners would


tend to say something like May s Alex or


yoy Alex and when you put these


sentences in English you'll get I call


myself as Alex or I call Alex and these


are incorrect responses to the question


komas and now you hopefully understand


what this phrase finally means along


with how reflexive verbs work in Spanish


reciprocal reflexive verbs in Spanish is


the English version of verbs that


reciprocate subjects that involve two or


more people as in each other or one


another while reflexive verbs Express a


verb that is followed by a preposition


reciprocal reflexives always tend to


have two or more subjects when you think


about it in both English and Spanish we


refer to each other whenever we speak of


two or more subjects so we logically


don't need the singular pronouns and so


we only have to work with the plural


pronouns reciprocal reflexives in


Spanish Express an action that's


reciprocated between two or more people


and they work similarly to regular


reflexives the way that reciprocal


reflexives work is by using indirect


object pronouns but in this context we


only need the plural ones like No And SE


which are the most used ones in Spanish


the way that you would use it in Spanish


is by having a verb that can be used


with one another like AUD which is a


common verb used for this context


meaning to help each other since we're


only working with pronouns like Nos and


SE every example in the video will


utilize the we and they pronouns if I


were to use this verb and say something


like noos AUD the meaning would be be we


help however if we want to reciprocate


the action we would say no a meaning we


help each other and it doesn't get any


more difficult than this the same


concept can be applied to se when we


know who the subjects are using the verb


abar meaning to hug each other I can say


AOS Aban meaning they hug but saying AOS


Aban means they hug each other just like


regular reflexive verbs reciprocal


reflexives can function like any other


verb both in the present progressive in


the past simple saying a sentence like


EST es means we are listening but no


es means we are listening to each other


likewise I can say


jimos which means JN and I knew but


saying J noos means JN and I knew each


other even though the topic of


reciprocal reflexives isn't that well


known it does have a useful application


in many sentences and some of the most


useful reciprocal reflexes are


Sal and the biggest tip that I can give


to remember reciprocal reflexes is that


whenever you see say after a verb it


always means that the verb has a


preposition or a continuation after it


in this case Salud and cont and ver all


have their definitions but they gain a


different definition once say is inside


the verb if you really want to you can


technically use any verb in Spanish and


make it reciprocal as long as the


context makes sense with the inclusion


of two or more people for instance


saying a sentence like Los Amigos Salon


means the friends greeted but if you


were to say Los Amigos say Salon this


would mean the friends greeted each


other similarly you can use two verbs in


one sentence


like know vimos meaning we encountered


each other in the cinema when we saw


each other and in this context we know


that encontr is in the past because


vimos is in the past form too and as


always it's up to you to say any


sentence that you want using reciprocal


reflexives in Spanish the imperfect


tense in Spanish is a form of the past


tense used to indicate actions that used


to happen or were happening in the past


what makes this tense the easiest to


memorize in Spanish is that it's only


modifyed two ways without having any


irregular y verbs or stem changing


patterns aside from three completely


irregular ones however it's important to


not confuse the past imperfect with the


past simple because the two of them


generate different meanings in context


in my video where I talked about the


past simple tense included examples of


actions that simply happened in the past


hence the name past simple the imperfect


also known as the past imperfect is a


tense that has two explanations meaning


used to happen or was happening in the


past and I'm putting a big emphasis on


the meaning was happening because it's


more of an accurate translation once


it's put in English and it's the


definition that most teachers don't talk


about as I said again the past imperfect


tense is the simplest one in Spanish


because it only has two conjugation


patterns with a r and e r/ i verbs let's


start with verbs ending in a r to


conjugate this verb in the Y pronoun you


drop the ending of the verb and you get


ABA for two you get abas for L you also


get ABA and it's the same ending as with


the Y pronoun so you can only tell the


difference between them in context for


noos you get abamos and we have to put


an accent on the first a because we have


to maintain the sound of the word for


Vos you get ab and for AOS you get Aban


let's take the verb abl as an example


how would you conjugate it in the


imperfect for the yo pronoun you take


abl drop the ending and get yo abla and


this phrase means I used to speak or I


was speaking and I'll actually get to


this structure later in the video for


two you get aabas for L you get abla and


you have to put the pronoun before the


verb to not confuse it with Y for noos


you get


AOS and AOS try not concentrating on


these pronouns because they're the least


used ones in conversation if anything


you should only know how to conjugate


them and the best thing about this


conjugation pattern is that it's the


same across every AR verb there is in


Spanish there is no ST changing


irregular y verbs which makes the


imperfect tense very convenient and it's


the same thing with verbs ending in e r


and IR however they have a different


pattern than a verbs but both e r and ir


verbs share the same pattern for the Y


pronoun you drop the ending of the verb


and put for two you putas for L you also


get and don't confuse it with the your


pronoun in context for noos you getos


Vos and AOS taking the verbs and as


examples how would you conjugate the


verb K in the imperfect for the yo


pronoun you take drop the ending and put


the ending so you get yo meaning I used


to eat or I was eating I was eating is


more of an accurate definition and I'll


get to that later for to you getas you


used to eat or you were eating for El


you get for noos you


get andos and now you simply replicate


the same idea with the verb VI as always


try not focusing on these pronouns


because they're not that useful in


conversation as I said before there is


no stem changing irregular yo pronouns


or any irregular exceptions with verbs


ending in e and IR however there's only


three completely irregular verbs in the


imperfect which are very useful and


those are ver and S because there is no


conjugation pattern to follow with any


of them I recommend just memorizing


their patterns in the imperfect for you


get yo I used to go or I was going to


ibas Elba and so on as always don't


focus on these pronouns for you get I


used to see or I was seeing


two and so on as always don't focus on


these pronouns at last you have the verb


is and so on the verb however is used in


a very different way in the imperfect


than in the past simple said in the past


simple describes things that


specifically happened in the past and


that were finished in the past mainly


speaking of when where and how events


took place however said in the imperfect


changes its meaning by applying to


things that used to happen or were


happening in the past so it's important


to not confuse the past simple and past


imperfect saying a sentence like Yu


Bonito would imply that I was beautiful


at a specific time in the past which


logically doesn't make sense on the


other hand saying y erab Bonito means I


used to be beautiful indicating that it


wasn't something that specifically


happened but rather a trait that was


happening in the past that's the


difference between said in the past


simple and past imperfect which is a


topic that's difficult to understand but


the best tip that I can give for


understanding said in the imperf perfect


is that it means used to be in the past


and its most common uses are ones that


have to do with people for instance


saying a sentence like to isud means you


were as in you used to be a student and


you're no longer a student now erapid


means he was as in he used to be fast


but he's no longer fast now hopefully


I'm making this concept as easy as


possible overall this is everything you


should know about the imperfect tense


but there's still one concept that I


need to mention to fully explain the


imperfect and it's something that has to


do with the verb estar in the beginning


of the video I talked about phrases like


yo ABA which means I used to speak or I


was speaking visually looking at this


phrase it sort of makes sense that the


phrase would be I used to speak but


let's not forget that the imperfect


tense also applies to things that were


happening in the past looking at the


phrase I was speaking we can see that


there's a form of the present


progressive in the imperfect due to the


construction was with ing while it can


mean I used to speak yo abla signifies I


was speaking rather than I used to speak


and the only way to understand this


concept is through the verb estar by far


the most useful use ful application of


estar in the imperfect is the present


progressive saying a sentence like yoa


can mean I was speaking but another way


to write this using the present


progressive is y EST derived from the


verb EST and looking at this phrase it


makes more sense to use this


construction than simply saying yo abla


to put it into simpler words yo abla


means I was speaking and it can be


written as yo esta and it doesn't get


more difficult than this some of you


might think to use AAR from the past


simple by saying y but this would be an


incorrect use of estar because the


present progressive is an action that's


always continuous even in the past


because it's a continuous action meaning


that it's happening the imperfect is


needed for estan in the present


progressive instead of saying y EST we


need to say y EST because the action is


continuous and the same concept applies


to any sentence you want to say for


instance saying a sentence


like can mean you used to walk every day


or you were walking every day and


another way to write this is to


estas saying a sentence


like means he used to eat or he was


eating in the mornings and another way


to write this


is saying a sentence


like means I used to go to the school or


I was going to the school and with the


verb there is no way to rewrite the


sentence because doesn't have a form in


the present progressive saying a


like means you used to be very happy and


with the verb estar this would be a


correct way to use it because estar in


the imperfect has the same appliations


as in the present so there isn't really


much of a change aside from the way you


would use it in the present progressive


stress possessed adjectives in Spanish


indicate to whom a possess object


belongs I already made a video about


this topic talking about normal


possessive adjectives such as my your


his her our y'alls and there but stress


possessive adjectives are adjectives


that indicate to whom something belongs


in English these can be mine yours his


or hers ours Ys and theirs and they can


be used in sentences like the computer


is mine or the computer of mine which


similar ly applies to the rest of the


adjectives in Spanish just like regular


possessive adjectives stressed ones have


gender and plurality with every


adjective having a gender depending on


the number of objects that you're


referring to to say mine in Spanish the


word has to be mo with an accent if it's


masculine or Mia if it's feminine to say


yours the word is tuo masculine and tuya


feminine to say ours or Ys the form of


the possessive adjective actually stays


the same as the regular possessive


adjective which makes Spanish more


convenient so you can only tell the


difference between them in context the


words suo masculine and suya feminine


can mean his hers or theirs and so you


can only tell the difference between


them in context in case you need to


pluralize any of them you simply put an


essay after every adjective saying a


sentence like a Lio is would mean the


book is mine with the ending of the


adjective matching the gender of the


noun but another way to say this would


be a Libro meaning the book of mine


which still makes sense but it's not


that useful conversationally instead you


can use these adjectives when talking


about people like Joan is amig meaning


John is a friend of mine and the same


principle applies to any phrase you want


to say saying something like Laut would


mean the computer of yours with the


ending of the adjective matching the


gender of the noun saying something like


La clra would mean the class of ours


again matching the gender and in case


you want to pluralize it you can Sayes


noas meaning the classes of ours because


Su suya suos and suas can have more than


one meaning you can avoid the confusion


by specifying who the subject pronoun is


for instance saying El suo would mean


the keyboard of but because suo has


multiple meanings we need to specify the


subject in context by saying something


like El meaning the keyboard of his


because we know that L refers to a


masculine his we can now change the


sentence to ELO which would still mean


the keyboard of his and the same idea


applies to any subject that you want to


use but keep in mind gender and


plurality one thing to note with


stressed possessive adjectives is that


they can also function with the same


meaning as regular possessive adjectives


like saying to quaderno which means your


notebook but this phrase can also be


Rewritten while keeping its meaning like


saying El and now this sentence means


both your notebook and the notebook of


yours and the same idea applies to any


other sentence you want to say using


these adjectives POR in Spanish means by


or through and para means four sometimes


the two prepositions have the same


meaning but are used in different


situations so you cannot use them


interchangeably in this video I'd like


to explain all the differences between


them and how to use them in what context


mainly speaking of movement time and


action which both Po and Para but in


different circumstances starting with


the first usage of por this preposition


can literally mean by or through which


involves movement but it's used as other


prepositions when it comes down to the


duration of an event or a reason for a


circumstance for instance you can use po


when speaking of the preposition by or


like which literally means I went by or


through the park which logically makes


sense both in English and Spanish


however saying a sentence like YOLO isos


oras indicates I did it for 2 hours with


po acting as the preposition for in


English and it is tricky to understand


the best tip that I can give to


understand this better is instead of


thinking of the sentence in English you


can logically think of por as something


that's used for a duration or during


something which leads to the second use


of por instead of saying I did it for 2


hours we can think of it as I did it


during 2 hours which demonstrates the


use of a duration through the


preposition por which is why por is used


it is tricky to understand but that's


the closest connection I can give it in


English another way to use po is for a


reason of action like in the sentence y


because of the traffic and in this


context PO is used as the preposition


because of because there's a reason of


the action done in the sentence and


that's the closest connection I can give


it now to get more precise with po we


have to take a look at movement time and


action a bit more specifically aside


from these categories P can also be used


in topics like in the search for and


exchange units of measurement and


idiomatic expressions for instance


yapis indicates that I went for my


pencil which visually doesn't make sense


in English with the preposition for but


another way to look at the sentence is I


went in search of my pencil which is why


po has to be used in this context


another example can be an exchange like


in the


sentence meaning I gave you money for


the ticket once again po functions as


the preposition for in English but


another way to say the sentence is I


gave you money in exchange for the


ticket with the words in exchange for


all meaning Po in Spanish even though


it's hard to understand that's the


closest connection I can give it can


also be used for units of measurement


like K which means I was driving 120 km


per hour with por acting as the


preposition per even though it's not a


useful sentence it does make sense for


use of por at last p is also used for


idiomatic expressions like pemp and P


which mean for example and at last and


you have the prepositions for and at


which don't really make sense in English


but once again that's how por functions


with movement time and action in in


summary P applies to these circumstances


but the critical part to remember is


that it applies to past or current


movement time and action with more


examples on the way B specifically


indicates things like a general motion


like by or through a duration of action


as enduring a reason for an action like


because of an object of a search as in


search of an exchange like in exchange


for units of measurement as in per an


idiomatic phrases like these ones that's


how por functions in Spanish para on the


other hand literally translates as for


but sometimes functions like other


prepositions just like Po para also


applies to movement time and action but


in these cases para indicates an event


in the future or a purpose for an event


for instance saying a sentence like Y


lasas El Lunes means I leave for Las


Vegas on Monday indicating a destination


that I'm going to reach which is an


event that's going to happen in the


future however saying something like


YOLO Voya said means I'm going to do it


by Friday and in this tricky context the


word para Acts as the preposition by in


English which doesn't make sense but it


does function as a deadline in the


future which is why para is used another


way to look at the sentence is I'm going


to do it on Friday with para acting as


the preposition on which still indicates


a deadline in the future at last para


can also demonstrate a purpose for an


action like in the


sentence meaning I study Spanish to be a


teacher even though there's completely


no preposition in the sentence by saying


I study Spanish to be a teacher what


we're trying to say is I study Spanish


in order to be a teacher with para


acting as a purpose of the action


literally meaning in order to this


sentence can also be written the


opposite way


Prof in order to be a teacher I study


Spanish I believe that this is the


easiest form of para to remember because


para in this context will always come


before a verb indicating in order to and


that's the closest connection I can give


it however para has other uses that are


more logical than por once you put the


context into English still falling into


the category of movement time and action


P can be used for being the recipient of


something a comparison with others and


in the employment of for instance saying


something like estal means this gift is


for him with him acting as the recipient


of the phrase which is why para is used


as for saying something


like means for me this lesson is easy


comparing the lesson with myself and in


this context para is also used as for in


English at last you can also use par in


the employment of such


Asel meaning she works for Telecom and


once again para is used as for in


summary para applies to movement time


and action but what's important to


remember is that it applies to events


that will happen in the future like


destinations deadlines and purposes


along with recipients of something


comparisons and employment overall The


crucial part to remember about Po and


para is that they both apply for


movement time and action while sharing


different circumstances in each category


po May apply to a general motion the


duration of an event and the reason for


an action including ideas like an object


of a search an exchange units of


measurement an idiomatic statements par


also applies to movement time and action


but mainly speaks of events in the


future like destinations deadlines and


purposes while having recipients of


something comparisons and employment the


biggest tip that I can give to


understand when to use por and when to


use para is to always remember that por


is used more for movement time and


action in the past but para is used more


for movement time and action in the


future and as always these are the


closest connections I can give them in


English comparatives and superlatives in


Spanish explain the differences between


people and things in English there's a


very simple system on how to use these


ideas correctly but there are a few


exceptions that make the language sound


better in Spanish understanding how


these ideas work can be a bit tricky but


I'll try to explain them as easily as


possible before fully knowing


comparatives and superlatives you have


to know that Spanish actually doesn't


have a notion of adding letters at the


end of simple words like in English so


it relies on the words mass and Menos


meaning more or less to express its


phrases make sure that you focus on


these words because you will see them in


almost every sentence as an example the


means this class is small but its


comparative version is different in


Spanish in English we say the class is


smaller by adding the letters e r to


simple words but Spanish does not have


the system instead it decides to use the


word mass meaning more to justify the


meaning by putting it before the


adjective so the sentence would be is


meaning this class is more small while


this is logical in Spanish it feels


weird to say more small in English


because English simply adds letters to


the end of regular adjectives


nonetheless it's still possible to say


the phrase as it is this class is more


small which is literally and Visually


how the sentence Works in Spanish the


superlative version on the other hand is


actually a bit more complex because it


adds an article to justify the claim


both in English and Spanish the sentence


this class is the smallest contains an


EST at the end of the adjective and the


article the that specifies that this


class is in fact the smallest similarly


this is how the sentence Works in


Spanish which only changes the meaning


of one word the sentence in Spanish


would be EST is l meaning this class is


the most small while this makes sense in


Spanish it again seems odd to say the


most small because English combines the


words nevertheless it's still possible


to say this phrase as it is this class


is the most small with the word mus


acting as the word most unlike more from


the previous phrase even though it's


unusual to see phrases like more small


and the most small this is how Spanish


defines comparatives and superlatives


English decides to combine the phrases


into one word rather than keeping them


in their form so there's really nothing


difficult about this concept once you


visually see it in English as a matter


of fact it's easier to understand this


concept once you start using less to


express an inferior quality saying


something like this class is less small


and this class is the least small is


visually how the sentences work in


Spanish is and isos is literally how the


phrases work in English the only


difference is that in the first sentence


menos means less and in the second L


menos means the least an easy way to


remember this is if you see an article


before maso Menos they would mean most


or least if there isn't an article Mas


omos simply mean more or less as always


it's up to you to say any sentence that


you want using M or menos an even easier


way to understand this concept is by


using words that do not combine


themselves this shirt is expensive in


Spanish is esta esar the sentence say


this shirt is more or less expensive and


this shirt is the most or least


expensive work even comparably to


Spanish because the word expensive isn't


a word that combines itself we don't say


expensive or expensivest because the


sound of the words would be too bad so


that's the reason why English decides to


use words like more most less or least


esta isos and esta


isos literally and Visually mean this


shirt is more or less expensive and this


shirt is the most or least expensive and


that is as difficult as it gets as


always it's up to you to use


comparatives and superlatives to say any


sentence you want at last there's one


final concept to know with comparatives


and superlatives and there somewhat


similar to the concept in English being


irregular comparatives and superlatives


that have to do with words like Bueno


Buena Malo Mala Hoven which is a neutral


adjective and vi vi which mean good bad


young and old as far as I know these are


the only irregular qualities used to


describe something as inferior or


Superior in English saying something


like this lesson is good would be a


simple sentence but the word changes to


Better In the comparative form and the


best in the superlative and it's the


same idea of the word bad being worse


and worst span likewise has this concept


but it's a bit more irregular saying EST


bu would be a simple sentence but the


comparative version would


be meaning this lesson is better


similarly having an irregular change


like in English in the superlative form


the sentence would be EST is Lor with an


article indicating this but in this


context the word meor means best rather


than better from the previous phrase a


tip that I can give here is that if you


see an article before mahor the word


would mean the best if there isn't an


article mahor simply means best and it's


the same irregular concept for Malo Mal


and saying something like Malo means


this book is bad saying EST es means


this book is worse and saying


EST means this book is the worst


similarly it's the same concept with


meaning young and meaning old saying El


is means the kid is Young saying El


means the kid is younger and


saying means the kid is the youngest


saying means means she is old saying a


mayor means she's older and saying a LA


mayor means she is the oldest of course


it's up to you to say any sentence that


you want using irregular comparatives


and superlatives in Spanish there are


many negative forms in Spanish that


sometimes work similarly to English and


sometimes don't in this video I'd like


to explain how negatives work in the


language starting from basic words and


sentences all the way to how they use


them properly first there are some


indefinite and negative words you should


know in Spanish like these ones these


words refer to people and things but not


specifically algo means means something


alen means someone alun means any and


it's the only word that has gender and


plurality along with the negative


version too c means always anden means


also the negative words are NADA meaning


nothing NAD meaning no one ningun


meaning not any Nuna meaning never and


TCO meaning neither even though I will


not use all of these words they're still


very useful to know at first in English


we can have simple sentences with


negatives like I do not speak French or


he does not speak Italian in Spanish we


have to use the word no by placing it


before a verb


and the response is negative the use of


two negative words can be used like


asking can you come today v o if the


response is negative I can say no I


cannot come today with two negatives in


the sentence in Spanish the idea works


the same way if the response is negative


I can say no y no comparing the phrase


to English the only difference is that


the word not is placed after can but no


is is placed before PUO because Spanish


places negatives before verbs all the


time we can also ask something like did


you go to the store and the answer can


be no I did not go to the store in


Spanish the idea works the same


no as always you can make any sentence


you want using simple negatives in


Spanish but it doesn't stop here


negative words can be used in many


different ways in Spanish as opposed to


English in English you can say things


like nobody eats and she never runs and


in Spanish there are many ways you can


change these sentences you can


say which is visually more logical but


unlike English Spanish can contain two


or more negative words especially when a


sentence begins with a negative idea


with the full sentence being negative I


can say I do not eat anything with the


word not before eat and with the word


anything being indefinite in the


sentence in Spanish the sentence would


be Y no meaning I do not eat anything


but as you can see Spanish has a double


negative with the word NADA which means


nothing the sentence would visually be I


do not eat nothing even though the


sentence makes sense in Spanish it


doesn't make sense in English because


English doesn't allow double negatives


nonetheless that's how negatives work in


Spanish and we can make any sentence we


want how would you say the sentence I do


not see anything in Spanish Y noada how


would you say you never eat


anything how would you say he does not


anything that's how negatives work in


Spanish at last there are two concepts


that need more explanation involving


alen and NAD meaning someone and no one


and alun and


meaning any or not any because they


indicate people alen and N have to use


the personal a which is used before the


words for instance I can ask did you see


someone and you can reply with no I did


not see someone in Spanish whenever you


ask about people you will have to


include the personal a like saying V and


you can reply with no Y and as you can


see the personal a is placed both in the


question and answer additionally Nadia


indicates no one which is a third


negative in the sentence which is


impossible in English but logic iCal in


Spanish of course you have to watch out


for these ideas finally there are the


words alun and nun which mean any or not


any and they're the most complicated


negatives in Spanish mainly because


they're the only ones that have gender


and plurality however using them in


context is not that complicated


especially when you know what the


context is asking something


like means do you have any book here if


you reply with a negative the word has


to match the gender and plurality if


there is one so the answer in Spanish


would be


no no I do not have any book here again


having nun as a third negative in case


we want to pluralize the sentence we can


ask alak meaning do you have some or any


books here and the reply can be


no meaning no I do not have any books


here in Spanish you have three negatives


but English does not allow it one final


example can be


Kos meaning are you familiar with any


store around here and you can reply with


no y kosuna meaning no I am not familiar


with any as always you can make any


sentence you want using negatives in


Spanish and hopefully after this video


you understand how negatives work in the


language familiar two commands in


Spanish is a singular informal way to


tell someone what to do when you speak


to them in English this concept is very


simple because it doesn't matter what


verb we use its form in the infinitive


will always stay the same saying you


speak can mean one thing but saying


Speak can generate a command and it's


the same form with any verb in English


like eat your food tie your shoes look


up get up leave now and so on the reason


why it's easy in English is because the


Comm and always stays in the same form


as the infinitive Spanish however


modifies these words both in the


affirmative and negative two commands


without needing the pronoun two regular


a r e r and i verbs will keep their form


as a two command by taking the L AA form


from the present simple for instance


saying means he speaks but simply saying


abah means speak as in I'm giving you a


command to speak now similarly we can


use an ER verb like com saying something


likea meaning eat your food without


needing to put the pronoun to in the


beginning we can also use an IR verb


like and say something


like meaning open the door please and


the same concept applies to any other


regular verb that you want to use in the


affirmative command however there are


some irregular affirmative to commands


is to just memorize these commands


because there is no pattern to follow


with any of


them means put the phone on the table


means do your homework Sala means leave


now VES means come if you can this is


how irregular commands work in the


affirmative at last there are the verbs


ver and which have the same pattern so


you can only tell their difference in


context a tip that I can give is if you


see the preposition a after the verb has


to be as in go to the school if you


don't see a preposition after the verb


is as in see that movie of course you


can say any command that you want using


regular and irregular verbs in the


affirmative form now under understanding


how two commands work in the negative


form can be tricky but there is one


pattern to follow in case you get


confused in the negative form ar verbs


will drop their ending and get the


ending s along with the word no in the


beginning for e r and ir verbs you drop


the ending and put the ending us along


with no in the beginning for instance


saying a a means speak now in the


affirmative form but how would you say


this command in the negative form You


Begin by saying no you take a drop the


ending and put the ending s so you get


no aess don't speak and the same idea


works for any regular AR verb you want


to use for e and ir verbs like com and


ab You Begin by saying no take com and


drop the endings and put the ending as


so you get no commas and no abas meaning


don't eat and don't open and the same


idea applies to any other regular e and


IR verb you want to use the negative


form of two commands actually doesn't


stop here because there's a lot of


irregular verbs that change their form


once they become negative including


irregular y verbs verbs that end in K G


and SAR and regular verbs in general


that is being irregular in the Y form


and the way that you would use them in


the negative command is by taking their


y form from the present dropping their


vows from the end and adding the ending


us so it would look like this no kusas


don't drive no digas don't tell or don't


say no AAS don't do or don't make no


pongas don't put no Salas don't leave no


Trias don't bring no vengas don't come


and no veas don't see inevitably there's


other irregular y verbs in Spanish that


have to be modified like these ones but


it is not necessary to know all of them


as long as they know the useful ones


after irregular yo verbs there are verbs


ending in k g and S and these verbs have


a spelling change in the negative two


commands like prac and organizar while


they keep their forms in the affirmative


these verbs change their spellings in


the negative like practicar which


becomes no practi don't practice having


an s ending as with with any AR verb in


the negative form hugar becomes no


meaning don't play and it's a stem


changing verb that changes its stem as


with any stem changing verb in both the


affirmative and negative forms and


finally organ which becomes no organes


don't organize at last there are General


irregular verbs in the negative


like and if you want to put them in the


negative form they will look like this


and the best tip that I can give is to


memorize these forms because there is no


pattern to follow with them of course


you can say any command you want using


irregular negative commands in Spanish


an interesting concept with these


commands is that they can be combined


with direct and indirect object pronouns


one of the most useful phrases with two


commands involves the verb the meaning


to say or to tell saying d means tell


and saying noas means don't tell we can


combine these words using direct and


indirect object pronouns like saying


tell me or tell me it in Spanish the


affirmative form would be di meaning


tell me which combines the words


together and saying tell me it would be


Deo with an Accent on D because we have


to maintain the sound due to the amount


of syllables in the word Deo in the


negative form instead of attaching the


pronouns to the verb we have to separate


them by putting them before the verb so


the phrases would be nigas meaning don't


tell me and nigas meaning don't tell me


it that's how direct and indirect object


pronouns work with two commands we can


say Pono meaning put it and in the


negative form the sentence would be noas


don't put it saying ven means come to me


and in the negative form the phrase is


no don't come to me like I always say


there are millions of sentences that you


can make with them and it's up to you to


say any sentence that you want one last


concept to note with two commands is


reflexive verbs which are verbs that


follow a preposition and within two


commands they function slightly


differently than any of the previous


verbs we've seen so far taking the verb


leant meaning to get up this verb in the


affirmative command will be leant and as


you can see the first part of the word


takes the correct form of affirmative


commands having an accent to keep the


sound but includes the at the end of the


word in order to signify that it's a


reflexive verb leant on its own would be


a command for Lift or raise and leant


means get up or lift up in the negative


form we take the pronoun and put it


before the verb without forgetting to


change the verb in the end so that it


matches its negative form not meaning


don't get up here's another phrase d


means to fall asleep it ends in ir and


it's also stem changing how would you


say this verb in the affirmative two


command the verb would be with being the


stem change an accent on E to keep the


sound and T at the end which signifies


the verb as reflexive and as a side note


reflexive verbs that are used within two


commands will always use the pronoun te


because we're giving commands to you


hence to te is a pronoun from to which


is why it's always used finally how


would you say this verb in the negative


command not with coming before the verb


being the stem change and the ending as


which corresponds in the negative form


with verbs ending in IR that's how


reflexive verbs work in the affirmative


and negative commands and if you want to


you you can even include direct and


indirect object pronouns with them as


long as the context makes sense noos


commands in Spanish is the English


version of Let's Do Something mainly


emphasizing the we pronoun in English


it's a very easy concept because it


doesn't matter what verb we use we


simply have to put the phrase let and


then we put any verb we want like let's


speak let's eat let's open and so on it


literally doesn't matter what verb we


use the form of the verb in the wi


command will always have the same form


as the infinitive in Spanish this idea


completely changes for basically every


type of verb but there are some patterns


to follow for regular ar verbs you keep


the same ending as you would in the


present and change a to a for regular e


r and i verbs you keep the same ending


as you would in the present and change


the e or e to a if you take a closer


look you can probably tell that only one