letter changes so it's almost like a


switch between the types of verbs the


best thing about these changes and for


every verb there is in the noos command


is that these changes are kept even in


the negative command abl means we speak


but ablos means let's speak Kos means we


eat but K means let's eat abos means we


open but abamos means let's open and in


the negative they keep their forms with


no in the beginning that's how regular


verbs function with noos commands both


in the affirmative and negative however


there are many irregular verbs in the


nosos commands but I will not put all of


them in this video because you don't


need all of them if anything I'll give


the most useful verbs once that you can


just memorize these verbs


ver and in case you want to use these


verbs in the's commands now you know how


and of course there's other verbs that


follow these irregular patterns but you


don't need to know all of them after


these verbs there are verbs ending in k


g and Zar and these verbs have a


spelling change in the nro's command


while changing the ending to practicar


becomes practicos meaning let's practice


hugar becomes hugos meaning let's play


and organizar becomes organos meaning


let's organize if if you see any other


verb that ends in K G andar remember to


change the ending and spelling in case


you want to use it in the noos command


after these verbs there are stem


changing verbs and there's one important


thing you need to know about them and


that is only stem changing verbs that


end in IR change their stem but only


with one letter like dormir which goes


from o to U in the noos command it will


be dur meaning let's sleep not damos


it's a tricky exception but it's easy to


memorize there's other verbs like C and


P which are also stem changing verbs


ending in ir and they would be sintamos


and pedamos meaning let's feel and let's


ask for that's how stem changing verbs


specifically verbs ending in IR work


with nosal's commands these commands can


likewise work with direct and indirect


object pronouns but it's a bit more


tricky in the affirmative the pronouns


are attached to the verb with accents


but in the negative they're separated


with no accent abamos means let's open


it and in the negative it's noos let's


not open it both phrases have the verb


and the pronoun and it's attached in the


affirmative with an accent but separated


in the negative compros can mean let by


them with them being an object and in


the negative the sentence is no let's


not buy them both phrases likewise have


the verb and the pronoun can mean let's


bring you it and in the negative it's


notos let's not bring you it of course


you can make any sentence you want using


these commands with direct and indirect


object pronouns the last concept to know


with Nosotros commands is reflexive


verbs because we're only working with


Nosotros the indirect object pronoun NOS


will always be used with reflexive verbs


especially in the affirmative where NOS


is attached to the verb Spanish has a


very important rule saying that when NOS


is attached to the affirmative nosos


command the final s is dropped from the


verb ending in order for the word to


sound better when said take the


reflexive verb how would you say this


verb in the no's command you would want


to sayos no and while this makes sense


Spanish says that this word sounds bad


when said so we need to eliminate the S


to avoid repeating the same sound so the


the phrase would be SOS meaning let's


sit down and in the negative the


indirect object pronoun is put before


the verb while the verb itself is


conjugated the proper way no noos let's


not sit down as you can see in the


affirmative the S is dropped but in the


negative the S is kept as a side note


the rule of dropping an S also applies


for the indirect object pronoun say


meaning to him to her or to them when


it's attached to the verb in the


affirmative in order to avoid repeating


the same letter and the same sound how


would you say the phrase let's give him


it you would want say de but Spanish


says to eliminate the final s from the


verb to avoid repeating the same letter


so the phrase would be deos let's give


him it in the negative the phrase would


be no let's not give him it with an s


present in the verb how would you say


let's make her


it with the S dropped from the verb in


the negative the phrase is no let's not


make her it with an s present in the


verb how would you say let's take a bath


Bonos in the negative the phrase is no


no BOS with an s in the verb that's what


happens when no and say are attached to


the verbs in the affirmative form at


last there's the verb which is the


trickiest verb in the noos command


because it's the only verb that has


multiple meanings both in the present


and command forms and here is what I


mean if we want to say we're going we


need to say vamos the word vamos itself


is taken from the present simple which


means we're going but Spanish adds its


second definition to vamos meaning let


go however using vamos as let go is


informal in context because there's the


second word in Spanish that means let's


go IR is actually irregular in the no's


command being V which formally means


let's go both V and V mean let's go but


context will change the action based on


the situation the reason why I'm


concentrating on the word vamos so much


is because in Spanish you have the


reflexive verb meaning to go out this


verb is very tricky to understand


especially with no's commands now that I


have shown you Vos and vayamos as let's


go how would you say the phrase let's go


out since I said that V is the irregular


form of let's go some of you might say


vamonos but actually it's the incorrect


way to say let's go out so instead you


need to say vamonos using the present


simple version of with s dropped from


the end of the verb Vos means let's go


out or let's leave if you want to be


formal and a lot of beginners hear this


word but never understand what it means


and now hopefully you understand the


reason I emphasized vamos so much is


because it ties back to the reflexive


verb meaning to go out and rather than


using the irregular vamonos form you


need to say vamonos in the negative


however we have to use the irregular


form of so the phrase is not nonos but


rather nonos let's not go out this is


how and function with no's commands past


participles as adjectives in Spanish is


a form of a verb used to form a perfect


or a passive tense as an adjective in


English this concept is very simple


because most verbs often end in ed like


talk which becomes talked clean which


becomes cleaned and so on however there


are irregular verbs in English like buy


Drive speak and so on obviously you


don't need to know all of them in


Spanish nonetheless you have the same


concept but with a bit more variety and


just a few irregular verbs that are easy


to memorize for regular ar verbs the


form of the past participle is achieved


by dropping the ending and putting the


ending ad like abl which becomes abl


speak to spoken for regular e and ir


verbs you drop the ending and add the


ending Ido like com which is comido and


viid which is vivido meaning eaten and


lived in case you want to use any other


regular verb that ends in a r e r or I


now you know how there are however


irregular verbs that require an accent


on the E primarily e r and ir verbs that


end with two vowels like which becomes


with an emphasis on the


E which


becomes which


becomes which becomes of course there's


other verbs in Spanish that follow this


pattern but you don't need to know all


of them at last there are General


irregular verbs used as past participles


and these


these verbs as adjectives now you know


how however in Spanish these verbs are


often used with the verb estar because


in case you don't remember estar is used


to describe the condition of things


temporarily when we use past participles


as adjectives we're using adjectives to


describe something for the moment in


Spanish gender and plurality have to


match in the sentence and here are some


examples saying something like I close


the door would


be but another way to say the sentence


is the door is


closed and as you can see we're using


the verb to describe the condition of


the door with s being the adjective that


matches the gender hence puera is a


feminine word Additionally you don't


have to use the verb EST when writing


such a sentence instead we can just say


the closed door which would be LA and


because we're using a past participle le


as an adjective we have to put it after


the noun because it's a rule in Spanish


and basically the same idea applies to


any sentence you want to say and here


are some examples how would you say the


phrase the book is


open and now how would you say this


phrase without


aarto meaning the opened book with abto


being an irregular adjective how would


you say the texts are written


texos and now how would you say this


AAR the written text how would you say


the bed is


made or meaning the made bed how would


you say the problem is


or the resolved problem how would you


say my answers are


or my completed answers and here's a


very interesting one how would you say


the day is


dead now how would you say say the dead


day El muerto hopefully you can see


where I'm going with this and if not


what I'm trying to say is the Day of the


Dead which is a famous Mexican holiday


that people hear about how would you say


this phrase in


Spanish de muos The Day of the Dead muos


is a past participle used as an


adjective that's plural and now


hopefully you understand what this


phrase means and here I want to show one


personal concept that I used to think


about when I was learning Spanish


through English in English I used to


think of phrases like I finished and I


am finished looking at these phrases I


used to think that the same concept work


in Spanish because English has the same


word for finished in the two sentences


therefore I thought that the way you say


the phrases in Spanish is and and the


reason why I thought this way is because


the word finished doesn't change in


English so it must be the same in


Spanish however because at the time I


haven't learned past participles yet


this is where I realized that the


phrases are Y and ymin with termin being


the adjective and here my thinking


process changed because I realized why


English is a simple language especially


when it's compared to Spanish in these


cases you have to watch out for these


ideas when you learn languages because


it teaches you how to think properly so


that's it the present perfect tense in


Spanish is the English version of


talking about something that someone has


done using the verb to have along with


past participles you can generate


sentences like I have talked you have


eaten he has left and so on in Spanish


you have the same concept of this tense


using the verb AB meaning to have done


something which needs to be conjugated


the proper way along with past


participles in Spanish you have six


conjugations of a y means I have plus


any past participle you want to as means


you have l means he has noos OS we have


Vos AB y'all have and AOS an they have


try not focusing on these pronouns


because they're not that useful in


conversation like I said at the


beginning you need to use past


participles in order to demonstrate an


action in the present perfect for


instance saying yo abl means I have


spoken with e being the conjugation that


matches the yo pronoun and and abl being


the past participle Additionally you can


say to asido


Ando meaning you have eaten and he has


read again showing the proper


conjugation of a with a past participle


in both cases and basically the same


idea applies to any sentence you want to


say however there are a few things to


note about the present perfect tense in


Spanish that is slightly different in


English the past participle does not


change form when it's in the present


perfect it only changes once it's used


as an adjective because it has to match


the gender and plurality for instance I


can say a sentence like the doors are


closed lasas estas with the word SAS


matching the gender in plurality of puas


putting the sentence in the present


perfect will change the gender and


plurality based on the speaker so if I


as a man say the sentence it would be


Y and here I'm using S as a past


participle of myself and not as an


adjective in the previous phrase sadas


is in fact used as an adjective so


overall you have to watch out for these


ideas additionally when working in in


the present perfect tense in Spanish the


two elements of AED and a past


participle always have to be together


and can never be separated this means


that whenever you're working with


negatives and direct and indirect object


pronouns they will always come before a


in every sentence asking something likeo


means have you read the book and you can


reply with C Yol meaning yes I have read


it with Lo being the direct object


pronoun before a if you want to put a


negative in the phrase you can say


no no I have not read it you can also


use indirect object pronouns and say


something like John has told me it which


would be joh Meelo with me being an


indirect object pronoun and La being a


direct object pronoun if you want to


make the sentence negative you can say


joh no joh has not told me it either way


the construction with a and the past


participle always stays together and


never separates as always you can say


any sentence you want using the present


perfect in Spanish however there's one


last concept about the present perfect


that needs to be known and that is using


using the present perfect as to have had


something in English the verb to have


can mean a main verb like to have to do


something or to have something in


general or an additional verb like I


have read I have eaten and so on in


Spanish however you have two verbs for


these cases one being ten and one being


a which is different in English when you


only have the same word for both the


infinitive and the sentence in order to


say a sentence like I have had a lot of


friends it might be confusing for


students because they see two versions


of the verb to have which is have and


had but literally the way that you would


say the in Spanish


is much Amigos using as the proper


conjugation of for the Y pronoun and


using as a simple past participle of the


verb tet as you can see we have the verb


to have twice in English because it


functions with multiple meanings in


Spanish you have two verbs for this a


and t with one verb being conjugated to


match the pronoun and one being a past


participle and this is actually a


concept that I used to think about in


English I used to think of phrases like


I have to read and I have read and I


thought that the phrases in Spanish are


Y and and the reason why I thought this


way is because English has the same word


for have so it must be the same in


Spanish however I later learned that


Spanish has two versions for to have a


and and that you also have the present


perfect so I realized that the sentences


are and with being the verb in the


present perfect even though it's a small


difference it just shows you how simple


of a language English is when it's


compared to Spanish and there's more of


it to come the past perfect tense in


Spanish works the same way has the


present perfect tense but instead of


indicating what someone has done it


speaks about what someone had done hence


it's in the past like the present


perfect the past perfect also uses the


construction a plus a past participle


but in this case the verb a has to be


conjugated in a different way because


the past perfect speaks of the imperfect


past tense for yo you get yo ABIA I had


plus any past participle you want for


two you get to abas you had ABIA he had


no AB we had AB I y' had and AOS Aban


they had try not focusing on these


pronouns because they're not that useful


in conversation the past perfect is


often used with the word yah meaning


already to indicate that an action had


already occurred before another just


like the present perfect the past


perfect also maintains the construction


a plus a past participle which cannot be


separated therefore the word yah will


always come before this construction


saying a sentence


like means she had left already or she


already had left if you want to VIs


ually translate the sentence similarly I


say which means I had studied already or


I already had studied however these


sentences are too easy to utilize and


often times you'll see more complicated


phrases especially ones that involve the


conjunction an plus a noun or an


infinitive which means before for


instance saying an means before this


year which is an easy phrase to


understand but saying something like an


dear means before arriving and I can use


it in a sentence like an


eaten already


lot of course you can say any sentence


you want using the past perfect in


Spanish including negatives reflexive


verbs and direct and indirect object


pronouns and as a matter of fact they're


used the same way as in the present


perfect saying a sentence like


El means he had shown me it with me and


lo being the object pronouns and if you


want to put a negative in the sentence


you can


say he never had shown me it or


no he had not shown me it Additionally


you can use reflexive verbs in the past


perfect by putting the object pronouns


of the verb before the construction a


plus a past participle a useful sentence


shower and as you can see the


construction of a doesn't separate


because the object pronoun of the


reflexive verb is placed before for this


construction and the same idea applies


to every phrase that I've shown in the


video and any phrase that you want to


say personally however I don't recommend


using the past perfect with reflexive


verbs because there are not that many


sentences that you can make with them


let alone useful sentences even though I


don't like saying this quite often I


recommend not using the past perfect


when speaking Spanish conversationally


because it's a lot easier to express


your thoughts using the regular past


tense or the imperfect even though I did


not present many examples in the video I


believe that the past perfect is a tense


that's useful to know but but not that


useful to utilize because there are not


that many sentences that you can make in


the first place but that of course


depends on the context and just like I


concluded in the previous videos I used


to think of phrases like these in


English when I was learning Spanish


through English therefore I thought that


if the word had is the same in English


it must be the same in Spanish but


literally Spanish has three tenses for


these cases which completely changes the


word and now you can hopefully


understand why English is easier when


it's compared to Spanish and it's the


same process that I had to go through


the future tense in Spanish indicates an


action that will simply happen in the


future hence it's the simple future in


English it's a very simple concept


because it doesn't matter what verb we


use we always put the word will before


the verb which doesn't change the verb


itself in Spanish the future is a simple


tense consisting of one word which


doesn't really conjugate the verb but


rather keeps the form of the verb as the


infinitive and then add some letters


after it principally verbs in the future


tense in Spanish don't really get


conjugated but rather they change by


having letters after them the best thing


about the future tense in Spanish is


that it doesn't matter if we use an AR e


r or I verb stem changing or an


irregular yo verb the change to the verb


itself will stay the same across almost


every verb there is in Spanish for the Y


pronoun you keep the form of the verb


and then put the ending e with an accent


so that when you say the word the


emphasis is put on that accent for two


you put as with an accent for L you put


a with an accent for noos you put Emos


with no accent making it the only


pronoun in the future tense with no


accent for votos you put Ace with an


accent and for AOS you put an with an


accent with the future tense in Spanish


I recommend focusing on all pronouns


except votos because using any verb in


the future tense is very practical there


are however a few irregular verbs in the


future mainly ones that are simply mixed


up the best tip that I can give is to


just memorize these verbs because there


is no pattern to follow with any of them


but keep in mind that they still


maintain the same ending as for regular


verbs in the list you have verbs like


the meaning to say or to tell a to do or


to make to can to put to want sa to know


Sal to leave ten to have and venir to


come as far as I know these are the only


irregular verbs in the future tense and


here are some examples saying something


like I will do my homework will


be saying you will buy a house in the


future can


be saying he will be 30 years old will


be and we have to use the verb to


express having an age so watch out for


saying can mean we will learn Spanish


tomorrow with the word Manana helping us


indicate that the action is in the


future saying AOS


Vos can mean they will come if they want


saying y can mean I will give you it


using direct and indirect object


pronouns which will always come before


the verb saying El can mean he will take


a bath using a reflexive verb with the


object pronoun coming before the verb


ultimately there are many phrases that


you can make using the simple future


tense in Spanish and it's up to you to


say any phrase that you want because it


is not that hard to memorize finally


there's one last concept that I would


like to present that mainly has to do


with expressing your thoughts in the


future and how to think in Spanish in


terms of the future which doesn't really


require the simple future tense before


learning this tense I made a video about


the verb e talking about how to use the


verb to go in Spanish something that


I've mentioned over time with the verb


ear and something that people don't


realize when learning Spanish is that


the verb IR can effectively be used to


express the near future using the


construction plus an infinitive in the


present simple for instance I can say a


like meaning I'm going to eat in the


afternoon which indicates an action in


the near future using the infinitive


however we can in fact use the verb ear


as an infinitive to express the future


when speaking saying something like


y means I'm going to go to the school


which expressively shows the future in


context and the same idea applies to any


sentence that you want to say using Y


now instead of actively using this


phrase we can use the simple future


tense by simply saying


meaning I will go to the school as you


can see in order to express the future


when speaking we have two phrases that


can do so with one using the verb ear as


an infinitive I'm going to go and with


the other being the simple future I will


go and you don't really have to use the


verb ear you can say something


like she is going to walk but saying


means she will walk it doesn't matter


which phrase you say because you express


the future in the two sentences in case


you forget the simple future tense you


can use IR instead and vice versa person


personally I think it's best to use IR


because you don't have to change the


infinitive all you do is use and then


any verb you want whereas using the


simple future tense might require more


thinking because instead of conjugating


the verb you have to remember which


letter to place after the verb and it's


a lot to memorize this in fact is a


useful Lang hack either way this video


was about the simple future tense but


this hack is useful to express the


future and not so in the future simple


tense the future perfect tense in


Spanish speaks about what will have


happened at some point in the future in


English it's a tense that's it's not


used often but when it is it's a simple


concept because all we do is put the


construction will have and then we add


any participle that we want after in


Spanish however we have a slightly


different concept that again uses the


verb a but in the future perfect we use


a conjugation that is equivalent to both


of the words will have for the yo


pronoun we have the word AB which is a


conjugation of a plus any participle


that we want after for two we have abas


for El we have Abra for noos we have


abos with no accent making it the only


conjugation of a in the future perfect


with no accent for votos we have ab and


for AOS we have Aban as you can probably


tell by looking at the chart the ending


of all of these conjugations of a


perfectly correspond to the ending


pattern of verbs in the simple future


and that is because the future perfect


literally just copies the ending that


you would have for verbs in the simple


future for the verb a so it's really not


that difficult to memorize as always try


not focusing on these conjugations


because they're the least used ones in


conversation in Spanish a way that the


future perfect can be used effectively


is by using it with time expressions


like para and D which mean by and within


and then any time expression that you


want these constructions can help us


talk about what will have happened at


some point in the future saying


finished my tasks with El Lunes being


the time expression AB signifying the


words we'll have for y and terminado


being the participle similarly I can


will have left your job using un as a


Time expression with the construction D


additionally I can


say Abra muchas which means by that date


John will have received many offers with


esaa being the time expression as always


the same concept applies to any phrase


that you want to say using the future


perfect tense in Spanish even though I


did not present many examples in this


video and only concentrated on the first


three pronouns the future perfect tense


is one of the least used ones in Spanish


mainly because no one uses it in actual


conversation as a matter of fact I did


not present any sentences involving


negatives reflexive verbs and object


pronouns mostly because it's impossible


to make a logical phrase using these


ideas in the future perfect if anything


the future perfect is a tense that is


useful to know but not useful to utilize


simply because it's used in rare cases


when talking about actions that are


guaranteed and completed by some point


in the future both literally and


conversationally the future perfect is


not used very often if ever which is why


it's useful to understand understand how


it works but not so much to use the


conditional tense in Spanish indicates


what one would do or what would happen


in a situation in English it's a very


simple concept because it doesn't matter


what verb we use we always put the word


would before the verb which doesn't


change the verb itself in Spanish the


conditional is a tense that has only one


word which doesn't really get conjugated


but rather keeps the form of the verb as


the infinitive and then adds some


letters after it as a matter of fact its


modification pattern is similar to the


simple future tense where verbs don't


get conjugated but rather they change by


having letters after them just like the


simple future tense it doesn't matter if


we use a r e r or I verbs stem changing


or irregular yo verbs the change to the


verbs themselves will stay the same


across almost every verb there is in


Spanish for the yo pronoun you keep the


form of the verb and put the ending I


with an accent so that when you say the


word the emphasis is put on that accent


for two you putas with an accent for L


you put with an accent for noos you


putos for Vos you put and for AOS you


putan with the conditional tense in


Spanish I recommend focusing on all


pronouns except Vos because using any


verb in the conditional tense is very


useful however there are a few irregular


verbs and believe it or not the


irregular verbs that you have in the


conditional tense are the same ones that


you have in the future tense meaning


that it's easier to memorize these verbs


nonetheless the conditional tense has a


different conjugation pattern unlike the


future tense similarly there is no


pattern to follow with any of these


verbs but they still have the same


ending as for regular verbs in the list


you have


meaning to say or to tell a to do or to


make to can p to put to want sa to know


Sal to leave T to have and ven to come


as far as I know these are the only


irregular verbs in the conditional which


are literally the same verbs as in the


future tense and the most useful cases


to use in the conditional are in


questions likeo meaning would you go


with me and you can reply with


C yes I would go with you you can also


ask something like


meaning would he buy that car and you


can reply with


C yes he would buy that car additionally


we can ask Vian AOS and eston meaning


would they live in this region and you


can reply with C AOS Vian and eston yes


they would live in this region we can


also use the conditional tense with


irregular verbs like


saying meaning we would want a plate


please or


maybe you would say that this lesson is


good a popular phrase that comes up in


the conditional tense


is without you I don't know what I would


do and this sentence actually has a


negative and uses the verb as said which


is irregular in the conditional just


like with every other tense the


conditional can likewise function with


negatives and object pronouns and by far


the most practical and useful


application of the conditional is the


verb P which is commonly used to make


polite Expressions asking something


like can mean could you open the window


and you can reply with see y


yes I could open the window or maybe if


you want to reply negatively you can say


no no I could not open the window or


maybe you can use a direct object


pronoun instead like saying


no or


no no I could not open it with the


direct object pronoun being attached to


the infinitive or put before the verb


which is possible in the conditional


tense in case you want to include an


indirect object pronoun you can likewise


do so by asking daro or Melo


could you give me it and you can reply


no no I could not give you it as you can


see the object pronouns can either be


put before the conjugated verb or


attached to the infinitive and the same


idea applies to any other sentence that


you want to say at last you can use the


conditional tense with reflexive verbs


like saying I would take a bath you


would go out and we would have fun these


sentences use reflexive verbs and the


way that you would say them in Spanish


is by putting the object pronoun before


the conjugated verb May


and practically however I don't


recommend using reflexive verbs because


there's nothing much you can do with


them but it is important to know how


they work in the conditional the


conditional perfect tense in Spanish


indicates what would have happened or


what one would have done in English it's


a tense that's not used often but when


it is it's a simple concept because all


we do is put the construction would have


and then we add any participle that we


want after in Spanish however we have a


slightly different concept that again


uses the verb a but in the conditional


perfect we use a conjugation that is


equivalent to both of the words would


have for the Y pronoun we have the word


abria which is a conjugation of a plus


any participle that we want after for


two we have abas for L we have abria for


noos we have abos Vos Abri and AOS Abri


as you can probably tell by looking at


the chart the ending of all of these


conjugations of a perfectly correspond


to the ending pattern of verbs in the


simple conditional and that is because


the conditional perfect literally just


copies the ending that you would have


for verbs in the conditional so it's


really not that difficult to memorize as


always try not focusing on these


conjugations because they're the least


used ones in conversation in Spanish a


way that the conditional perfect can be


used effectively is by expressing an


action that would have happened but did


not saying something like


y would mean I would have finished my


job with ABA being the conjugation that


matches the Y pronoun additionally I can


to which means you would have enjoyed


being there with abas matching the


pronoun too or maybe we can say Aya


abria abto Las Ventanas meaning she


would have opened the windows with abria


matching the pronoun Aya and with


abierto being an irregular participle as


always the same concept applies to any


phrase that you want to say using the


conditional perfect tense in Spanish


even though I did not present many


examples in this video the conditional


perfect is one of the least used tenses


in Spanish mainly because no one uses it


in actual conversation just like with


the future perfect tense I did not


present any sentences involving


negatives reflexive verbs and object


pronouns mostly because it's impossible


to make a logical phrase using these


ideas if anything the conditional


perfect is a tense that is useful to


know but not useful to utilize so that's


that K and lo in Spanish both mean what


but sometimes K can mean that without an


accent as a conjunction however they


cannot be used interchangeably because


while K is the most used conjunction Lo


has a bit of a different meaning


indicating what in the beginning or


middle of a sentence and I'll get to


that in a bit first I'd like to discuss


the word K while K can mean what with an


accent without the accent it means that


as a conjunction meaning that it's


expressing a subordinate clause and


similarly it's used the same way in


Spanish typically it's used in long


sentences especially when we use a lot


of Spanish ideas at once and so we can


have phrases like I will use the phone


that I bought with the word that being


the conjunction in Spanish the sentence


will literally and Visually be the


same as you can see is used as that the


same way in English technically speaking


however the phrase in English can be


said and written without the conjunction


I'll use the phone I bought but


realistically we always have included


especially in Spanish saying the


sentence without the conjunction


signifies an incomplete phrase and


that's why the conjunction is needed and


here are more sentences that incorporate


intermediate Spanish concepts with K how


would you say the phrase he wants the


book that is on the


subordinate clause and with the sentence


literally following the same pattern as


in Spanish how would you say the house


that you see is


big is Grande this sentence was an easy


one now now how would you say we went to


a restaurant that is


they will do the job that they


the medicine that the doctor gave


because it used the present perfect the


past a direct object pronoun and the


conjunction K if you got the sentence


right then you did a good job and if not


now you can learn how phrases work with


the conjunction and here's one last


sentence that's a bit tricky how would


you say the phrase I see that that man


complicated is because in English we


have the word that which is used twice


but with different meanings the first


that is a conjunction and the second


that is a demonstrative adjective even


though it's a tricky concept that


English students have to deal with it's


pretty normal in Spanish this idea just


shows how English is simple because it


repeats one word multiple times but with


different meanings in other languages


especially in Spanish you have other


words for these cases but not in English


that's how K as a conjunction Works in


Spanish now we have the words Lo which


mean what but not in the definite form


even though many Educators give these


words different definitions my


explanation of Lo is very simple Lo in


Spanish is used as what but not in


question form and most of the time it's


put in the beginning or middle of a


sentence to visually show what I want to


say here's a simple sentence consisting


of the word quando which means when


qu when I was young I had a dog in this


sentence I'm using the word when not as


a question but as a conjunction


especially in Spanish when it doesn't


have an accent this sentence can still


maintain its meaning even if you switch


the phrases like saying I had a dog when


I was


young both in English and Spanish the


conjunction when keeps its meaning and


doesn't change to a question with this


concept in mind this is literally and


exactly how lo is used in Spanish and


here are some examples how would you say


the phrase what I want is a


house is now if you were to switch the


phrases and keep the meaning how would


you do so a house is what I want is in


both sentences what is used in the


beginning or middle of the sentence the


same way Lo is used in Spanish that's


how lo Works in Spanish and hopefully


I'm making this concept as easy as


possible here are more sentences how


would you say you don't know what you


sentence with what in the beginning what


you want you don't know Lo


how would you say the phrase he has to


do what he needs to


needs to do he has to


do how would you say what they need is


something to


something to eat is what they need Al


is how would you say I did not see what


you gave


me and now how would you rephrase it


what you gave me I did not


see Y and finally here's a generic


phrase that I've said previously in the


video how would you say to visually show


what I want to


be rephrased but it does show how lo can


be used in other sentences too so that's


that in this video and the videos after


this one I'll be explaining the


subjunctive in Spanish which is the last


most difficult concept ending all of my


Topics in Spanish typically it's a


concept that students students learn in


intermediate Spanish before learning the


future tenses however I decided to keep


it until the end because of its


difficulty and after I'm done with it


I'll compile all of my Spanish videos


into one long video that has every


Spanish principle the reason why the


subjunctive is so hard is because it has


a lot of variations more than any other


tense in Spanish that have shown on this


channel unlike the past tense which has


three and the future tense which has a


couple the subjunctive has a total of


four variations that need to be shown


individually in this video I'll only


explain the principles of the


subjunctive and individual after this


one I'll explain each topic individually


before learning how to make sentences in


the subjunctive we need to understand


its formation and the variations that it


has as far as I know in the subjunctive


there are only four ways that it can


change there's the present subjunctive


the past subjunctive the present perfect


subjunctive and the past perfect


subjunctive there also used to be a


future subjunctive in Spanish which is


now Obsolete and being replaced by the


present subjunctive overall just know


that these are the variations of the


subjunctive I already made videos about


the present and the past in Spanish and


so some concepts are more useful than


others however after this video I'll


explain each tense separately because


there's a lot to know in this video I


will not focus on any of these tenses


because I'll just explain how the


subjunctive Works in general by


presenting its fundamentals you might


have heard some teachers explaining the


subjunctive as a mood that expresses the


speaker's attitude towards events


actions and states that are uncertain or


hypothetical despite other Educators


explaining the subjunctive differently I


do not like any of these explanations


because they tend to confuse students


rather than make them understand the


subject matter properly I recommend that


all of you ignore these definitions


because my definition of the subjunctive


is far simpler but keep in mind that


this explanation makes perfect sense to


me I apologize if it doesn't make sense


to you but it should help you understand


the subjunctive better the easiest way


to spot a subjunctive sentence is


through this construction subject verb


plus that plus subject verb in Spanish


the phrase will be subject verb plus K


plus subject verb this is the type of


phrase that you will see all the time


which activates the subjunctive meaning


that a sentence can start with any


subject and any verb and continue with


any subject and any verb aside from Vos


however this is where we need to pay


close attention to the details in order


to fully understand what activates the


subjunctive and what doesn't just


because a sentence has a subject verb


plus ke plus a subject and a verb it


does not mean that the phrase will be in


the subjunctive mainly because we have


to pay close attention to the first verb


in the sentence in order to have a


sentence that is activated in the


subjunctive the first verb in the


sentence conjugated with its pronoun


must be a verb of will emotion influence


recommendation or doubt disbelief and


denial a simple way to remember this is


by using the word weird the initial


letter of every category combines into


the word weird so you must have a verb


that comes from this list if a verb does


not come from weird the subjunctive is


not activated and here's what I mean we


can have a sentence like I believe that


you ate which in Spanish would


be in this case the phrase is not in the


subjunctive because the verb doesn't


come from weird it's simply a verb that


expresses an opinion not to mention that


the second verb in the phrase is


conjugated properly therefore it's not


in the subjunctive similarly we can say


I know that you ate which would


be this sentence also doesn't activate


the subjunctive because sa means to know


factually and therefore it does not come


from weird in these cases you have to


find verbs that activate the subjunctive


and these have to be verbs of will


emotion influence recommendation or


doubt disbelief and denial based on my


experience in Spanish these are the most


common verbs that activate the


subjunctive which means that they can


begin with literally any subject in


Spanish obviously I'm not including


every verb on theist list but these are


the most common verbs used to express


the subjunctive if you see a sentence


starting with any of these verbs and


with any subject the sentence will be in


that doesn't start with any of these


verbs or from verbs that don't come from


weird it will not be in the subjunctive


that's the first thing you should know


about the subjunctive in Spanish the


second thing you should know about the


subjunctive is something that is related


to the construction subject verb K


subject verb in this typical phrase the


second verb must be modified in the most


irregular way possible especially in the


present and past subjunctive considering


that the first verb comes from weird


which activates the subjunctive the


second verb in the sentence has to


change in a completely different way


unlike any other way that I've shown on


this channel however I will not present


this way in this video I'll present it


in the videos after this one considering


that there are four tenses of the


subjunctive to begin with additionally


this part of the phrase can literally


consist of any subject and any verb


considering that I said that the second


verb has to get modified in the most


irregular way this means that you will


have to not only memorize every


conjugation of every verb but you will


also have to understand how stem


changing and irregular verbs are used in


the second part of the phrase within


every tense the pattern completely


changes in the present subjunctive which


is different from the past subjunctive


and so on this is what makes the


subjunctive the most difficult Concept


in Spanish considering that you have a


subjunctive phrase mainly consisting of


a subject verb K subject verb the second


part of the phrase can literally begin


with any subject and any verb that has


to not only correspond to the subject


but also be modified in a completely


different way if you think about it then


you have stem changing IR yo verbs and


irregular verbs in general and on top of


all of that you have four tenses that


change each verb in a different way I


apologize if it sounds too confusing but


that's the best way that I can describe


the subjunctive there are no examples in


this video because I'm simply going over


the principles of the subjunctive but I


will provide many useful phrases in the


videos after this one mainly consisting


of one useful verb from each category of


weird moreover there's a third concept


you should know in the subjunctive and


that is separate phrases that can still


activate the subjunctive which is


different than subject verb k subject


verb like I said previously just because


the phrase begins with a subject verb K


subject verb it doesn't automatically


mean that the phrase is subjunctive


sometimes we can have phrases that begin


with a main clause and end with a


subordinate clause in order to indicate


what activates the subjunctive and these


phrases can be S necessar Plus subject


verb s important plus subject verb and


so on obviously there are more sentences


that activate the subjunctive using


other Expressions conjunctions and even


adjective Clauses but I will not talk


about them in this video and future


videos because it's simply too excessive


and impractical what you should know are


the most utilized expressions in the


subjunctive just to understand how the


subjunctive functions and of course


there are sentences similar to these


Expressions that do not activate the


subjunctive like it's a fact that you


ate this sentence looks like it's going


to activate the subjunctive but it's


really not so make sure that you watch


out for these ideas and so finally this


is everything you should know and


understand about the subjunctive in


Spanish and this is why it's the most


difficult Concept in Spanish at first in


order to activate the subjunctive you


need to have a sentence that has a


subject verb can subject verb or a


general main Clause that supports a


subordinate clause like s necess okay


subject verb secondly if you were to use


the first construction then the first


verb in the sentence would have to be a


verb of will emotion influence


recommendation or doubt disbelief and


denial also known as weird if a verb


does not come from weird the subjunctive


is not activated however if it is


activated the second verb of the


sentence absolutely must be modified in


the oddest way possible depending on the


tense that you want to utilize the


second part of either phrase can consist


of literally any subject and any verb


and the verb must be conjugated the


proper way depending on the subject and


the tense whether it's in the present


past present perfect or past perfect to


recap what I've just said this is the


reason why the subjunctive in Spanish is


the most difficult concept hands down it


has four tenses it must have a verb


coming from weird or a general main


Clause the second part can consist of


any subject and any verb and the second


verb has to get conjugated depending on


the tense this is everything that you


should know about the subjunctive in


Spanish and in the videos after this one


I'll go in depth and explain each


variation as easily as I can in order to


make your learning as easy as possible


in this video I'll explain how all types


of verbs work in the present subjunctive


in Spanish which is a continuation from


the previous video where I talked about


the principles of the subjunctive and


understanding how it functions in these


upcoming videos I'll be covering each


tense of the subjunctive starting from


the present all the way to the Past


Perfect while showing useful sentences


and explaining the concept of each tense


the present subjunctive is the first


tense that is learned conceptually but


it's actually one of the hardest


concepts of the subjunctive mainly


because it has a lot of irregular verbs


including irregular y verbs verbs ending


in k g and S stem changing and irregular


verbs in general like I said in the


previous video you will have to memorize


every conjugation of every verb because


the second part of the phrase subject


verb K subject verb can have any pronoun


and any verb however in order to


activate the subjunctive the first verb


in the sentence would have to be a verb


coming from weird which I showed in the


previous video before showing sentences


in the present subjunctive we need to


understand how every type of verb


functions in the present subjunctive in


the second part of the sentence


beginning with regular a r e r and i


verbs all the way to irregular verbs in


general regular a r e r and i verbs in


the present subjunctive are conjugated


similarly to negative two commands by


changing the ending to the opposite type


of the verb itself for regular a verbs


you keep the same ending as you would in


the present simple but instead of having


an A in every conjugation you need to


change it to e taking the verb abl as an


example instead of keeping its form in


the present simple we have to change


only one vowel so that it matches the


present subjunctive y means I speak in


the present subjunctive to AES means you


speak El means he speaks and so on


that's how regular a verbs work in the


present subjunctive for regular eer and


I verbs you keep the same ending as you


would in the present simple but instead


of having an e or E we need to change


the vowel to a taking the ver


and VI in the present subjunctive we


have to change only one vowel yoa or Y


via means I eat or I live toas or to


Vivas means you eat or you live and so


on that's how regular eer and I verbs


work in the present subjunctive and if


you take a closer look you can probably


tell that only one letter changes in


these verbs so it's basically a switch


between the types of verbs that's how


regular verbs function in the present


subjunctive specifically in the second


part of the phrase subject verb K


subject verb or a main Clause plus


subject verb now that I showed how


regular verbs work in the present


subjunctive you'll have to memorize this


pattern because you will have to use it


all the time whenever you want to say a


sentence in the present subjunctive


using any pronoun and any regular a eer


or IR verb that's the first concept of


the present subjunctive the second


concept of the present subjunctive is


irregular yo verbs which are similar to


nootro commands obviously I will not put


every irregular yo verb on the list


because you don't need all of them


instead I'll give the most useful verbs


which include cond


will follow these irregular patterns but


you don't need to know them what makes


irregular y verbs more difficult than


regular verbs is the way they're


conjugated for every pronoun and the way


that you have to memorize their pattern


typically irregular yo verbs are only


irregular in the yo pronoun in the


present simple taking the verb conduc in


the present simple every word is


conjugated normally except in the yo


pronoun yo condus in the present


subjunctive however you will have to


take the ending of of the conjugation of


the yo pronoun and repeated across every


pronoun additionally because cond is an


IR verb we have to put the opposite


ending from A and E to a so that it


corresponds to every pronoun in the


present subjunctive conduc will look


like this Y cond toas elusa and so on as


you can see we took the irregular


conjugation of the Y pronoun from the


present simple and put it at the end of


every conjugation in the present


subjunctive additionally we also change


the vowel in the end from from A and E


to a in order to maintain the proper


conjugation of every pronoun that's the


system of conjugating irregular y verbs


in the present subjunctive and as I said


in the previous video you will have to


memorize every conjugation of every


pronoun because any pronoun aside from


votos can be used in the present


subjunctive now that you hopefully


understand this concept let's finish the


rest of the irregular y verbs in the


present subjunctive together let's take


the verb from what have shown how to


conjugate the verb the in the present


subjunctive in case you're having


trouble remember to to take the


conjugation of the yo pronoun from the


present simple apply the ending to every


pronoun and change the vowel at the end


to match the pronoun in the present


subjunctive the will look like this


Y and so on like I said previously you


will have to memorize every conjugation


of every pronoun after the we have the


verb how would you conjugate this verb


in the present


toas and so on now how would you


o y o


to and so on how do you conjugate the


Yas Ela and so on and finally how do you


of how irregular y verbs function in the


present subjunctive and like I say all


the time you need to memorize all of


these conjugations because any pronoun


can be used in the present subjunctive


of course there's other irregular y


verbs in the present subjunctive but we


don't need to cover all of them that's


the second concept of the present


subjunctive the third concept of the


present subjunctive is verbs that end in


K G and S and these verbs have a


spelling change in every conjugation an


easy way to memorize them is by using


the irregular conjugation of the yo


pronoun from the past simple to make


your learning much simp I'm going to use


one verb from each category to show how


the system functions let's take the verb


marar in order to put this verb in the


present subjunctive we have to take its


irregular form in the yo pronoun from


the past simple and replicate it across


every pronoun and then change the vowel


at the end so that it matches the


pronoun marar in the present subjunctive


to and so on that's the spelling change


that this verb has along with the vowel


change in the end now let's take the


verb pagar how would you conjugate this


verb in the present subjunctive


that this verb has at last let's take


the verb Oran how would you conjugate it


in the present


subjunctive or Oran Oran and so on


that's the third concept of the present


subjunctive the fourth concept of the


present subjunctive is stem changing


verbs which I think is the easiest


mainly because they have the same


changes as they do in the present simple


except when changing the vowel in the


end taking verbs like pensar and


the only difference between these verbs


in the present simple and the present


subjunctive is the ending stem changing


verbs function the same way as in the


present simple except with the vowel


change at the end y becomes y y becomes


Y and the same idea applies to the rest


of the conjugations into to any other


stem changing verb however there are a


few exceptions involving verbs ending in


IR that change their stem in the noos


and votos pronouns these verbs can go


from E to e like ped from E to E like


and from o to like there could be other


verbs in the present subjunctive that


follow these patterns but you don't need


to know all of them that's how stem


changing verbs work in the present


subjunctive and now we get to irregular


verbs in general which have little to no


pattern to follow at all so you will


have to remember them as they are in


this category there are only five verbs


EST and in the present subjunctive the


verb EST will look like this EST EST EST


and so on what makes EST irregular in


the present subjunctive is the presence


of accents except noos nonetheless it's


a simple verb to memorize after estar we


have the verb Dar which looks like


this and so on after we have the verb


which copies the same pattern as the


which has a pattern similar to its form


in the past simple y


to and so on and finally we have the


verb which by by far is the most


irregular verb in the present


subjunctive y to El and so on even


though you can technically find a


pattern in some of these verbs I


recommend just memorizing them in one


motion and right now I covered the fifth


and final concept of the present


subjunctive in this video in the video


before this one I explained how the


subjunctive Works in Spanish by talking


about its tenses verbs and conjugations


that you all have to know understand and


memorize even though I did not present


any sentences in this video I did give a


sufficient amount of information in


order to understand how the present


subjunctive works and how all types of


verbs function in it in the next video


I'll only show phrases and sentences in


order to fully finish the concept of the


present subjunctive for your information


there will not be any sentences


involving negatives and reflexive verbs


mainly because they're not that useful


in the present subjunctive and also


because there is no irregular concept


with them so that's it in this video


I'll be presenting sentences that are


only in the present subjunctive in my


two previous videos I explained the


subjunctive in Spanish along with the


types of verbs that are used in the


present subjunctive in case you don't


remember the construction subject verb K


subject verb or a main Clause K subject


verb is the typical phrase that you will


see in the subjunctive however to


activate the subjunctive the first verb


must come from weird and these are the


most common weird verbs which I've shown


in the previous videos instead of using


every verb I'll be showing one useful


sentence using a different pronoun and


one verb from each category to


demonstrate sentences in the present


subjunctive let's take the following


phrases y subject verb to


verb and these are the sentences that


I'll utilize throughout the video the


first verbs in these cases all activate


the present subjunctive and match their


pronouns the second part however is any


form of the subjunctive consisting of


any subject and any verb but in this


case it's in the present just to let you


know when I'll be showing these


sentences in context I'll use the system


of conjugation for every type of verb


that I showed in the previous video


without actually saying what type of


verb I'm using to make practice more


legit in case you don't remember you can


always watch the previous video and one


last thing that I can add is that


sometimes I'll be implementing other


Spanish Concepts in a few main Clauses


just to make practice more beneficial


now let's begin with the following


phrases and work backwards take a look


at this phrase y Estus espanol this


phrase is already in Spanish with two


Estus being the subject and the verb and


with estud being an AR verb that is


conjugated for the two pronoun in the


present subjunctive how would you say


this phrase in


English now here we have two options


first if you want to visually translate


the sentence then you can say I want


that you study Spanish but it doesn't


really make sense to say that even


though it technically works on the other


hand the second option is more logical


in English but it doesn't work visually


in Spanish I want you to study Spanish


using a complete infinitive to study


while it doesn't matter which phrase you


say because both are correct I'll focus


on both of them because we'll sometimes


have cases when the two sentences can be


applied making it logical and practical


how would you say this phrase I want him


to use it


want that he uses it how would you say


one of these


sense both in English and Spanish how


would you say this


how do you say one of these


because we had to put a direct object


pronoun in the beginning along with an


irregular y verb in the present


subjunctive how would you say one of


sense how would you say


how would you say


you say one of these


could have put the direct object pronoun


before the conjugated verb what about


where I'll show some general main


Clauses that have a subject and a verb


after how would you say this


is this


concept of the present subjunctive comes


to an end even though the phrases in


this video were sort of one-dimensional


and sometimes not that relevant my goal


was just to present the system of the


present subjunctive at the end of the


day it's up to you to make make any


sentence that you want using any subject


and any verb because this is how you're


supposed to think whenever you learn new


language Concepts even though some


sentences did not make sense my goal was


to give the idea of the present


subjunctive and from there you could


have said anything that you wanted and


it will be the same idea for the next


tenses of the subjunctive I could have


extended the video by talking about the


present subjunctive using different


Expressions conjunctions and adjective


Clauses but I chose not to because it's


an even trickier topic that will


probably confuse you even more so that's


that the past subjunctive in Spanish


also known as the imperfect subjunctive


speaks of multiple Clause sentences that


Express States and conditions


considering that you need a verb coming


from weird in order to activate it in my


opinion the past subjunctive is the


second hardest topic of the subjunctive


mainly because it has two conjugation


patterns and a big list with exceptions


that are irregular the past subjunctive


works the same way as the present


subjunctive which I explained in the


previous videos but this time it's in


the past or predate tense in the video I


will cover every concept along with


multiple phrases in the end for regular


ar verbs you drop the ending of the verb


and add the following endings


Aras aramos being the only conjugation


with an accent AR and Aran let's take


the verb a which is a regular AR verb


how would you conjugate a in the past


noos and AOS in case you need to


conjugate any other regular AR verb in


the past subjunctive now you know how


now we have regular e r and ir verbs


which follow the same conjugation


pattern you drop the ending of the verbs


and put the following


conjugation with an accent and let's


take the verbs and how would you


conjugate them in the past subjunctive Y


andas and two vivieras elier and El VI


and so on in case you need to conjugate


any other regular e or IR verb in the


past subjunctive now you know how


however now comes the big list that is


full of exceptions which are both


irregular and stem Chang in especially


ir verbs of course I will not include


every verb on the list because you don't


need all of them but it is significant


to know the most useful ones because


there is no conjugation pattern to


follow I recommend just memorizing them


as they are in the list you have verbs


like Dar meaning to give the meaning to


say or to tell AAR meaning to be a


meaning to do or to make e and said


meaning to go and to be and as you can


see they follow the same pattern because


in case you don't remember ir and s in


the past simple tense follow the same


pattern in the past subjunctive however


the pattern is somewhat similar next we


have P meaning to can p meaning to put


sa meaning to know ten meaning to have


and ven meaning to come after you


memorize these verbs there are stem


changing ir verbs that have irregular


stem changing patterns but I'm obviously


not including every verb in this list


you have verbs like pref meaning to


prefer D meaning to sleep meaning to


drive meaning to believe and meaning to


hear these are all the types of verbs


that you have to know understand and


memorize with every pronoun and


conjugation before making actual


sentences we have to understand that the


past subjunctive is used the same way as


the present subjunctive except that it


talks about actions events or conditions


that already happened in the past this


means that whenever we speak of the past


subjunctive the entire phrase needs to


be in the past simple or past imperfect


in order to activate it just like in the


present subjunctive the whole sentence


is in the present simple and it's the


same idea with the past every sentence


in the past subjunctive must fully be in


the past simple or past imperfect so


make sure that you pay attention to each


phrase now I can show you a few phrases


and after you get the idea then you can


make any sentence that you want take a


look at this phrase


Y how would you say this phrase in


English just like in the present


subjunctive there's two options first


you can visually translate the sentence


and say I wanted that you speak with me


but if you want to sound logical then


you can say I wanted you to speak with


me unlike the present subjunctive both


phrases have the same form of the verb


which is actually in the past because


the two phrases begin in the past this


is why the past subjunctive is one of


the hardest Concepts to understand


because in Spanish you have one form of


the sentence with a very odd conjugated


verb but in English there are multiple


options just like in the present


subjunctive I will focus on both phrases


because the two sentences can be applied


similarly how would you say this


working in the past tense we can have


sentences that are either in the past


simple or past imperfect which is why


you see the sentence starting with a


verb coming from weird being in the


perfect tense sometimes we have the past


simple and sometimes the imperfect and


it's up to you to decide which tense is


correct to use how would you say this


now let's try to use some of the


irregular verbs how would you say this


we had the word dud which means we doubt


and we doubted and so the meaning


changes in context and also because we


use the progressive tense that is you


were speaking which uses the verb in the


past how about one of


from and but in this case we can tell


that it's ear now how about this


because it speaks of a permanent feeling


even though the sentence in English


doesn't really make sense when you


visually usually translated into Spanish


how about this


the object pronoun before the conjugated


verb how about one of


with irregular stem changing verbs along


with a few General main Clauses in the


past how would you say


sense to say but I'm showing it just so


you can understand irregular verbs in


the past subjunctive how do you say


how about


main Clauses how do you say


concept of the past subjunctive comes to


an end just like I said in the previous


videos even though some phrases didn't


make sense to say my goal was just to


present the system of the past


subjunctive at the end of the day after


you understand the idea it's up to you


to make any sentence that you want using


any subject and any verb in the past


subjunctive not to mention that the past


subjunctive in Spanish is a concept that


is useful to understand and useful to


utilize so that's that the present


perfect subjunctive in Spanish talks


about what someone has done or what has


happened in the subjunctive form just


just like the regular present perfect


the present perfect subjunctive is


formed using the verb a and the past


participle expressing an action that


recently has happened despite being part


of the subjunctives in my opinion the


present perfect subjunctive is one of


the easiest topics to understand because


the same conditions activated as in the


normal present perfect unlike the


present perfect the verb a in this case


needs to be conjugated differently in


the present perfect subjunctive instead


of these conjugations you have these


ones yo a in the present perfect


subjunctive would mean I have and then a


past participle to a would mean you have


El he has noos we have Vos a y'all have


and AOS aan they have in the present


perfect subjunctive I recommend focusing


on all pronouns except votos because


they're very useful to know in Spanish


just like the normal present subjunctive


sentences in the present perfect


subjunctive must all be in some form of


the present because the action is


occurring before it's expressed in the


main clause in other words every verb


within a phrase has to be in the present


form and here's what I mean let's take


the sentence I hope that you have slept


well how would you say it in


being a conjugation of a and Doro being


the past participle the convenient part


is that unlike the previous subjunctives


that I've shown both in English and


Spanish there's only one way to express


the two sentences because all verbs in


the two phrases are in the present and


they all have to remain as they do in


English you can technically say I hope


that you slept well but when you put


this phrase in Spanish it will not


activate the subjunctive because you


have two different tenses I hope is in


the present and you slept is in the past


and these two forms do not allow the


subjunctive to be activated which is why


we have to include the present perfect


you have slept now the sentence has one


whole tense which allows for the


subjunctive unlike the previous videos


that I've done about the subjunctive in


this video I will not present too many


phrases because the present perfect


subjunctive is one of the least used


Topics in Spanish some of the sentences


that you will see will randomly be made


with verbs that come from weird and with


a few phrases having a general main


Clause so watch out for that how would


you say this


because there's a negative and the


direct object pronoun which are both


placed before the conjugated verbs in


case you don't remember the present


perfect subjunctive functions the same


way as the regular present perfect which


means that the phrase a plus a past


participle cannot be split apart this is


is the reason why negatives and object


pronouns are always placed before this


construction how would you say


object pronoun coming before the


conjugated verb here's the last phrase


for the video how would you say


because it had a negative and two object


pronouns which were all put before the


conjugative verb conversationally it


will not be as difficult as this so this


is the most that you have to know and


understand with the present perfect


subjunctive even though it's a


subjunctive the present perfect has very


minimal use in the subjunctive itself


mainly because it's not used that often


and like I always say it's a concept


that is more useful to Know Than to use


so that's that the past perfect


subjunctive in Spanish speaks about what


someone had done or what had happened in


the subjunctive form like the present


perfect subjunctive the past perfect


subjunctive also uses the construction a


plus a past participle but in this case


the verb a has to be conjugated


differently because the past perfect


subjunctive speaks of the imperfect past


tense y UA in the past perfect


subjunctive would mean I had and then a


past participle to uas you had El U he


noos we


had y'all had andos they had in the past


perfect subjunctive I recommend not


focusing on these pronouns because


they're not that useful in conversation


just like the regular past perfect the


past perfect subun indicates actions


that had taken place before another


action in the past additionally


sentences in the past perfect


subjunctive must all be in some form of


the past because the action occurred


before being expressed in the main


clause in other words every verb within


a phrase has to be in the imperfect form


which is similar to the present perfect


subjunctive where every verb within a


phrase is in the present in this case


we're working in the past and because


the past perfect subjunctive is one of


the least used Topics in Spanish and


also because it's the final Spanish


concept that I will cover I will present


just a few sentences in this video the


sentences that you will see will


randomly be made with verbs that come


from weird and with a few phrases having


a general main Clause how would you say


because it's put in question form along


with using ABIA as the phrase there was


in the imperfect tense how would you say


no this sentence was a bit hard because


we had to use double negatives in


Spanish and also because it wasn't clear


who the subject was in the phrase here's


the last example for this video how


would you say it in


hard because we had to use era as the


imperfect tense of was and also because


we had a direct object pronoun L coming


before the construction a plus a past


participle conversationally it will not


be as difficult as this so it's a


concept that is more useful to Know Than


to use so that's that and here this is


where the final Spanish concept and all


of its fundamentals come to an end


throughout all of the videos that I've


done for the past few months I basically


covered every Spanish principle and


concept that one has to know when


learning Spanish beginning with my


Spanish fundamentals video all the way


to now I demonstrated what is it like to


learn the basis of any language before


actively speaking it in this case


Spanish like I've always said previously


before learning to speak any language


everyone has to know and understand the


fundamentals of the language and that's


exactly what I've shown over time all of


my previous videos include every Spanish


idea in order to understand how Spanish


fully works as a language and once


you've understood how to utilize these


ideas you can speak the language any way


you want once you understand what you


know you can then focus on mastering the


language using the method that fits you


now that this long video is over I want


to take a few seconds to explain what


I've shown as someone who teaches


themselves languages I've had my own


ways of explaining information to myself


which a lot of people don't really


understand the whole point of every


video that I've done including this long


video too is to explain the system of


how to think when learning new languages


I completely understand that everyone


has their own way of learning but like


I've always said everyone has to know


and understand the basis of any language


my goal wasn't to teach how to speak


Spanish because you can do so on your


own but rather how to think in terms of


speaking this video had everything that


you needed to start to think in Spanish


that is if it was your goal unlike other


Educators that teach Spanish differently


I chose to go with this format in order


to not waste anyone's Time Each video


was an explanation of a Spanish concept


without any additional information


before or after I completely understand


that some formats were very fast and


sometimes it was impossible to follow


what I was saying but this was my way of


explaining things without wasting time


and I do really apologize for that for


many people learning language Concepts


very fast is unfitting annoying and


potentially irritating and I completely


understand that however because I tend


to learn languages as a polyglot iend


end up teaching them as a polyg and it's


something that's very unfitting for many


people and I'm really sorry if I went


too fast in some Concepts anyhow thank


you for watching and I hope that your


learning became the simplest it can be


thank you