{
  "chapter_id": "29",
  "slug": "reflexive-verbs",
  "title": "Reflexive Verbs",
  "time_range_sec": [7780, 8149],
  "summary": "Reflexive verbs apply the action to the subject itself; their infinitive ends in -se and they require a matching reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) before the conjugated verb.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "reflexive-verbs",
  "rules": [
    {"title": "Pronoun placement", "bullets": ["Reflexive pronoun goes before the conjugated verb.", "In progressive forms, place before estar (te estás lavando) or attached to the gerund with accent (lavándote)."]},
    {"title": "Form the verb", "bullets": ["Drop -se from the infinitive and conjugate the base verb.", "Pronouns: me, te, se, nos, os, se."]},
    {"title": "Meaning shift", "bullets": ["Adding -se often changes the meaning, similar to English particle verbs (give vs give up).", "Many daily-routine verbs are reflexive: bañarse, levantarse, despertarse, dormirse, vestirse."]}
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo lavo el coche.", "en": "I wash the car.", "tags": ["non-reflexive"]},
    {"es": "Yo me lavo las manos.", "en": "I wash up my hands.", "tags": ["reflexive", "present"]},
    {"es": "Tú te estás lavando.", "en": "You are washing up.", "tags": ["progressive"]},
    {"es": "Estás lavándote.", "en": "You are washing up.", "tags": ["progressive", "attached-pronoun"]},
    {"es": "Él se lavó.", "en": "He washed up.", "tags": ["preterite"]},
    {"es": "Yo me baño.", "en": "I take a bath.", "tags": ["present"]},
    {"es": "Tú te levantaste.", "en": "You got up.", "tags": ["preterite"]},
    {"es": "Él se despertó.", "en": "He woke up.", "tags": ["preterite"]},
    {"es": "Yo me voy.", "en": "I leave / I go away.", "tags": ["irse"]},
    {"es": "Yo me pongo el abrigo.", "en": "I put my coat on.", "tags": ["irregular"]},
    {"es": "Yo me siento.", "en": "I sit down.", "tags": ["stem-change"]},
    {"es": "¿Cómo te llamas?", "en": "What is your name?", "tags": ["llamarse"]},
    {"es": "Me llamo Alex.", "en": "My name is Alex.", "tags": ["llamarse"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "lavarse", "en": "to wash up", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "bañarse", "en": "to take a bath", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "levantarse", "en": "to get up", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "despertarse", "en": "to wake up", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "dormirse", "en": "to fall asleep", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "irse", "en": "to leave / go away", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "ponerse", "en": "to put on / put down", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "sentarse", "en": "to sit down", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "llamarse", "en": "to call oneself / to be named", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [
    {
      "verb": "lavarse",
      "tense_id": "ind_presente",
      "forms": {"yo": "me lavo", "tu": "te lavas", "el": "se lava", "nosotros": "nos lavamos", "vosotros": "os laváis", "ellos": "se lavan"}
    },
    {
      "verb": "levantarse",
      "tense_id": "ind_preterito",
      "forms": {"yo": "me levanté", "tu": "te levantaste", "el": "se levantó", "nosotros": "nos levantamos", "vosotros": "os levantasteis", "ellos": "se levantaron"}
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ las manos antes de comer.", "correct": "me lavo", "distractor": "lavo", "explanation": "Lavarse needs the reflexive pronoun me when the action is on the subject."},
    {"sentence": "¿Cómo _____ llamas?", "correct": "te", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Tú uses te."},
    {"sentence": "Ellos _____ despertaron temprano.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "nos", "explanation": "Ellos uses se."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ levantamos a las siete.", "correct": "nos", "distractor": "se", "explanation": "Nosotros uses nos."},
    {"sentence": "Estás _____ ahora mismo.", "correct": "lavándote", "distractor": "lavandote", "explanation": "When the pronoun attaches to the gerund, an accent is required to keep the stress."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ pongo el abrigo.", "correct": "me", "distractor": "te", "explanation": "Yo uses me."},
    {"sentence": "Él _____ fue de la fiesta.", "correct": "se", "distractor": "le", "explanation": "Irse requires the reflexive pronoun se for él."}
  ],
  "caveats": "OCR garbled many verb stems (banhar, banharse, leant, etc.); reconstructed using standard Spanish forms."
}