Vocab study — noun & adjective flashcards with CEFR level toggles

Add SRS-driven noun and adjective flashcards modeled on the existing verb
flashcard flow:

- SharedModels/Lexeme — catalog of non-verb vocab, frequency-ranked, with
  gender for nouns and optional example sentences. Seeded from a bundled
  vocab_lexemes.json built by Scripts/vocab/build_lexemes.py, which joins
  frequency.csv + es-en.data from a pinned doozan/spanish_data commit
  (CC-BY-SA: hermitdave/FrequencyWords + Wiktionary). 1,449 nouns and 600
  adjectives, each with Wiktionary-sourced gender and (where available)
  an example sentence with English translation.
- LexemeReviewCard + LexemeReviewStore — cloud-synced SM-2 SRS, keyed by
  partOfSpeech + lexemeId + drillMode so future drill modes can coexist.
- LexemeSessionQueue + LexemePool — parallel to VocabSessionQueue; fresh
  cards sort by frequency rank.
- LexemeStudyGroup — cloud-synced resumable session per
  (partOfSpeech, drillMode).
- NounFlashcardPracticeView + AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView — same flow
  as VocabFlashcardPracticeView: English prompt → tap to reveal Spanish
  → Again/Hard/Good/Easy. Nouns reveal with their article (la taza, el
  problema) so gender is taught alongside meaning, not as a separate
  quiz. Example sentence shown when present.

CEFR-style level toggles:
- LexemeLevel enum (A1/A2/B1/B2/C1+) derived from frequencyRank with
  standard Spanish-frequency-dictionary cutoffs (250/500/1000/2000).
- UserProgress.selectedLexemeLevels — cloud-synced multi-select, defaults
  to A1+A2 on first launch.
- SettingsView gains a "Vocabulary Levels" section with five toggles; the
  existing "Levels" section is renamed "Verb Levels" for clarity.
- Due SRS cards always surface regardless of toggles. Disabling a level
  only stops new cards from that band entering the pool.

PracticeView gets "Nouns" and "Adjectives" rows under "Books".

DataLoader: new lexemeDataVersion gate that re-seeds the Lexeme table
from vocab_lexemes.json independent of book seeding. project.yml lists
the new JSON resource and the existing book_olly-vol2.json (which the
previous build was silently excluding because xcodegen rewrote the
project from project.yml).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Conjuga/Conjuga.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

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 		F0A3099BE24A56F9B1F179E0 /* GrammarExercise.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = GrammarExercise.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
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 /* End PBXFileReference section */
 
 /* Begin PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
@@ -302,6 +316,7 @@
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
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 				A6EC7C278E4287D91A0DB355 /* youtube_videos.md */,
 				353C5DE41FD410FA82E3AED7 /* Models */,
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 				DAF7CA1E6F9979CB2C699FDC /* CourseReviewStore.swift */,
 				DADCA82DDD34DF36D59BB283 /* DataLoader.swift */,
 				76BE2A08EC694FF784ED5575 /* DictionaryService.swift */,
+				A2E72744C1DAF2AC07FA614F /* ExtraStudyStore.swift */,
 				3695075616689E72DBB26D4C /* HandwritingRecognizer.swift */,
+				D4B8AB6EC4F3EB86C732243D /* LexemeReviewStore.swift */,
+				EE79D3EC48233CAEC2E39F81 /* LexemeSessionQueue.swift */,
 				43B8AED76C14A05AF2339C27 /* LyricsSearchService.swift */,
 				842DB48F8570C39CDCFF2F57 /* PracticeSessionService.swift */,
 				4AE3D1D8723D5C41D3501774 /* PronunciationService.swift */,
@@ -365,25 +385,21 @@
 				18CCD69C14D1B0CFBD03C92F /* SyncStatusMonitor.swift */,
 				EBEEC9CC9A8C502AF5F42914 /* VerbExampleCache.swift */,
 				02EB3F9305349775E0EB28B9 /* VerbExampleGenerator.swift */,
+				CCC782D61A0763072E4964B6 /* VerbReviewStore.swift */,
 				51FA0182FB27A06FFC703138 /* VideoDownloadService.swift */,
+				841A3015E99E1E2FF19FF8EA /* VocabSessionQueue.swift */,
 				D570252DA3DCDD9217C71863 /* WidgetDataService.swift */,
 				AFF65B05E7CEC386F121973E /* YouTubeVideoStore.swift */,
-				221920B9BD6DC6F084093975 /* ExtraStudyStore.swift */,
-				A661ADF1141176EE96774138 /* BookSpeechController.swift */,
-				A2ACC4C35491174257770941 /* VerbReviewStore.swift */,
-				FD64713BB475DCF3C2D30621 /* VocabSessionQueue.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Services;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
-		1ECAF79E2138DF73BB1F6403 /* Vocab */ = {
+		23B49FBE9B44D8734D96625F /* Scripts */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
-				6A19F8006EC8E6C3ACDEE3C6 /* VocabFlashcardPracticeView.swift */,
+				6D8FBC65B3D300DB2966E989 /* guide-enrichment */,
-				15405FC4775B3DE5B76A0061 /* VocabMultipleChoicePracticeView.swift */,
 			);
-			name = Vocab;
+			path = Scripts;
-			path = Vocab;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
 		29F9EEAED5A6969FEDEAE227 /* Onboarding */ = {
@@ -400,14 +416,16 @@
 				0313D24F96E6A0039C34341F /* DailyLog.swift */,
 				F0A3099BE24A56F9B1F179E0 /* GrammarExercise.swift */,
 				4D389CA5B5C4E7A12CAEA5BC /* GrammarNote.swift */,
+				E6BA2ABC841F9C987AB15F67 /* GuideCrossLinks.swift */,
+				C03CC5EAD0DDE98C43FF91BA /* LexemeReviewCard.swift */,
+				AEC6005F9D3D462B33803E7A /* LexemeStudyGroup.swift */,
 				626873572466403C0288090D /* QuizType.swift */,
 				0A8A63F750065CA4EF36B4D3 /* ReviewCard.swift */,
 				69D98E1564C6538056D81200 /* TenseEndingTable.swift */,
 				3BC3247457109FC6BF00D85B /* TenseInfo.swift */,
 				DAFE27F29412021AEC57E728 /* TestResult.swift */,
 				E536AD1180FE10576EAC884A /* UserProgress.swift */,
-				A3FCE2E42939FB4CF491B9F1 /* GuideCrossLinks.swift */,
+				F474200CFCCCBB318720EC64 /* VocabStudyGroup.swift */,
-				DFDD93A97B111843D80C0EB9 /* VocabStudyGroup.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Models;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -474,25 +492,40 @@
 				731614CACCB73B6FD592D34A /* SentenceBuilderView.swift */,
 				10C16AA6022E4742898745CE /* TypingView.swift */,
 				E8D95887B18216FCA71643D6 /* VocabReviewView.swift */,
+				9CD612E55440D22B877EA8FE /* Books */,
 				8FB89F19B33894DDF27C8EC2 /* Chat */,
 				895E547BEFB5D0FBF676BE33 /* Lyrics */,
 				43E4D263B0AF47E401A51601 /* Stories */,
-				74AC8A0D381958D2A14316C3 /* Books */,
+				730BD7F59F4C97D87EF98FB1 /* Vocab */,
-				1ECAF79E2138DF73BB1F6403 /* Vocab */,
 			);
 			path = Practice;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
-		74AC8A0D381958D2A14316C3 /* Books */ = {
+		6D8FBC65B3D300DB2966E989 /* guide-enrichment */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
-				340B1F22929DC7C1DEB0EA8A /* BookLibraryView.swift */,
+				7DE0F6354CF73BDA0CE728BA /* in */,
-				FF3475931F1AD16054741E65 /* BookChapterListView.swift */,
+				C36A0F3B1A4B759412ADB4E5 /* out */,
-				EDD4AF96186662567525F8C4 /* BookReaderView.swift */,
-				1C5F851F5C2C71C293DD9938 /* BookVoicePickerSheet.swift */,
 			);
-			name = Books;
+			path = "guide-enrichment";
-			path = Books;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		730BD7F59F4C97D87EF98FB1 /* Vocab */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				53893D3A637F0F99CAAB8F31 /* AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView.swift */,
+				A39E0786770462A55664C838 /* NounFlashcardPracticeView.swift */,
+				CB6453FB9DCFAEC1C4E42D83 /* VocabFlashcardPracticeView.swift */,
+				878D04B21589BAB7CF8EA0AF /* VocabMultipleChoicePracticeView.swift */,
+			);
+			path = Vocab;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		7DE0F6354CF73BDA0CE728BA /* in */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+			);
+			path = in;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
 		8102F7FA5BFE6D38B2212AD3 /* Guide */ = {
@@ -526,6 +559,17 @@
 			path = Chat;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
+		9CD612E55440D22B877EA8FE /* Books */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				C168499F60BC7AFE5100C572 /* BookChapterListView.swift */,
+				CAA4750E84A7FA51532407CF /* BookLibraryView.swift */,
+				C20423155763A77A050727EC /* BookReaderView.swift */,
+				50663C791D9673958B4D6011 /* BookVoicePickerSheet.swift */,
+			);
+			path = Books;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		A591A3B6F1F13D23D68D7A9D = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
@@ -568,17 +612,24 @@
 				143D06606AE10DCA30A140C2 /* CourseQuizView.swift */,
 				833516C5D57F164C8660A479 /* CourseView.swift */,
 				631DC0A942DD57C81DECE083 /* DeckStudyView.swift */,
+				EE00D37419072ED6AC1AC63A /* ExtraStudyView.swift */,
 				F92BCE1A6720E47FCD26BADC /* StemChangeConjugationView.swift */,
 				496D851D2D95BEA283C9FD45 /* TextbookChapterListView.swift */,
 				39908548430FDF01D76201FB /* TextbookChapterView.swift */,
 				854EA2A8D6CF203958BA3C24 /* TextbookExerciseView.swift */,
 				2931634BEB33B93429CE254F /* VocabFlashcardView.swift */,
 				5E7EF4161C73AAC67B3A0004 /* WeekTestView.swift */,
-				8C6D48A27B47609BFE04C80C /* ExtraStudyView.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Course;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
+		C36A0F3B1A4B759412ADB4E5 /* out */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+			);
+			path = out;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		F605D24E5EA11065FD18AF7E /* Products */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
@@ -690,14 +741,15 @@
 			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
 			files = (
 				F59655A8B8FCE6264315DD33 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */,
+				877B0306A15A0AD680B361F8 /* book_olly-vol2.json in Resources */,
 				CF9E48ADF0501FB79F3DDB7B /* conjuga_data.json in Resources */,
 				2B5B2D63DC9C290F66890A4A /* course_data.json in Resources */,
 				97A2088134FC6CB41C507182 /* reflexive_verbs.json in Resources */,
 				F15E2E02DD6261323BB75789 /* textbook_data.json in Resources */,
 				A651D3E1584A34472BCE53B5 /* textbook_vocab.json in Resources */,
+				0A29763DF0ED8F24730BCE5A /* vocab_lexemes.json in Resources */,
 				F26F3BF58CF557D5A65EE901 /* youtube_videos.json in Resources */,
 				983988CE911C0FC5D869C516 /* youtube_videos.md in Resources */,
-				E3D9D82E54E37F9D38103FB9 /* book_olly-vol2.json in Resources */,
 			);
 			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
 		};
@@ -710,8 +762,14 @@
 			files = (
 				97EFCF6724CE59DC4F0274FD /* AchievementService.swift in Sources */,
 				261E582449BED6EF41881B04 /* AdaptiveContainer.swift in Sources */,
+				067996B3D0D768ADBED1E52F /* AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView.swift in Sources */,
 				48967E05C65E32F7082716CD /* AnswerChecker.swift in Sources */,
 				CAC69045B74249F121643E88 /* AnswerReviewView.swift in Sources */,
+				E7B7799BF0C2C5B77FB52987 /* BookChapterListView.swift in Sources */,
+				6C0C71E0D56C199C375609AC /* BookLibraryView.swift in Sources */,
+				8B393A61B32D7D3488618ADE /* BookReaderView.swift in Sources */,
+				C7952958B55BAD218CB3ABC5 /* BookSpeechController.swift in Sources */,
+				848BADEF0FC04EDB4644E923 /* BookVoicePickerSheet.swift in Sources */,
 				B48C0015BE53279B0631C2D7 /* ChatLibraryView.swift in Sources */,
 				8BD4B5A2DDDD4BE4B4A94962 /* ChatView.swift in Sources */,
 				9F0ACDC1F4ACB1E0D331283D /* CheckpointExamView.swift in Sources */,
@@ -728,6 +786,8 @@
 				84CCBAE22A9E0DA27AE28723 /* DeckStudyView.swift in Sources */,
 				90B76E34F195223580F7CCCF /* DictionaryService.swift in Sources */,
 				B09F872A18F4105ABAF6CDF3 /* DownloadedVideosView.swift in Sources */,
+				381D007E8E35E5D91CD549A3 /* ExtraStudyStore.swift in Sources */,
+				DCA3805DCC1D03BEEDED73A8 /* ExtraStudyView.swift in Sources */,
 				14242FD1F500D296D41E927C /* FeatureReferenceView.swift in Sources */,
 				D4DDE25FB2DAD315370AFB74 /* FlashcardView.swift in Sources */,
 				A9959AE6C87B4AD21554E401 /* FullTableView.swift in Sources */,
@@ -735,11 +795,16 @@
 				8DC1CB93333F94C5297D33BF /* GrammarExerciseView.swift in Sources */,
 				377C4AA000CE9A0D8CC43DA9 /* GrammarNote.swift in Sources */,
 				F84706B47A2156B2138FB8D5 /* GrammarNotesView.swift in Sources */,
+				D3328F0C9CF6A2CB154A85B3 /* GuideCrossLinks.swift in Sources */,
 				760628EFE1CF191CE2FC07DC /* GuideView.swift in Sources */,
 				3F4F0C07BE61512CBFBBB203 /* HandwritingCanvas.swift in Sources */,
 				E7BFEE9A90E1300EFF5B1F32 /* HandwritingRecognizer.swift in Sources */,
 				33E885EB38C3BB0CB058871A /* HandwritingView.swift in Sources */,
 				28D2F489F1927BCCC2B56086 /* IrregularHighlightText.swift in Sources */,
+				AEFD25146A64DF9A07FE32B4 /* LexemeReviewCard.swift in Sources */,
+				55FBABFE026058CFE8B40CB6 /* LexemeReviewStore.swift in Sources */,
+				C384F12E910EE909AA97ECD9 /* LexemeSessionQueue.swift in Sources */,
+				25A02F8B96285407EFD30817 /* LexemeStudyGroup.swift in Sources */,
 				A7DF435F99E66E067F2B33E1 /* ListeningView.swift in Sources */,
 				519E68D2DF4C80AB96058C0D /* LyricsConfirmationView.swift in Sources */,
 				B4603AA6EFB134794AA39BF4 /* LyricsLibraryView.swift in Sources */,
@@ -748,6 +813,7 @@
 				7A13757EA40E81E55640D0FC /* LyricsSearchView.swift in Sources */,
 				C1F84182F12EB5CFF32768B6 /* MainTabView.swift in Sources */,
 				82F6079BE3F31AC3FB2D1013 /* MultipleChoiceView.swift in Sources */,
+				6262897A38854385C64EE03B /* NounFlashcardPracticeView.swift in Sources */,
 				13F29AD5745FB532709FA28A /* OnboardingView.swift in Sources */,
 				2C7ABAB4D88E3E3B0EAD1EF7 /* PracticeHeaderView.swift in Sources */,
 				352A5BAA6E406AA5850653A4 /* PracticeSessionService.swift in Sources */,
@@ -787,26 +853,18 @@
 				BA3DE2DA319AA3B572C19E11 /* VerbExampleCache.swift in Sources */,
 				4C577CF6B137D0A32759A169 /* VerbExampleGenerator.swift in Sources */,
 				81FA7EBCF18F0AAE0BF385C3 /* VerbListView.swift in Sources */,
+				0E49DCF141F81D1C3A94C459 /* VerbReviewStore.swift in Sources */,
 				AC0422000A8042251357FA83 /* VideoActionsView.swift in Sources */,
 				FE2F845FFC094479E790E8B1 /* VideoDownloadService.swift in Sources */,
+				5EA89448E97D76CFC97DC4E2 /* VocabFlashcardPracticeView.swift in Sources */,
 				4005E258FDF03C8B3A0D53BD /* VocabFlashcardView.swift in Sources */,
+				5BB8A0C1A8A6374B04F50781 /* VocabMultipleChoicePracticeView.swift in Sources */,
 				78FE99C5D511737B6877EDD5 /* VocabReviewView.swift in Sources */,
+				962B9B4FF15EADF2A30C5743 /* VocabSessionQueue.swift in Sources */,
+				84795E8F0111A3045285D579 /* VocabStudyGroup.swift in Sources */,
 				6BB4B0A655E6CB6F82D81B5A /* WeekTestView.swift in Sources */,
 				E99473B7DF9BCAE150E9D1E1 /* WidgetDataService.swift in Sources */,
 				05D825674F6508D6D12D2156 /* YouTubeVideoStore.swift in Sources */,
-				AE156A84B4ECDB1A4A38CE88 /* ExtraStudyStore.swift in Sources */,
-				6F7BE3533FAF4DE1D514AA7C /* ExtraStudyView.swift in Sources */,
-				65382875879BD537F5358381 /* BookLibraryView.swift in Sources */,
-				4E00225D668FDFA3026B7627 /* BookChapterListView.swift in Sources */,
-				64E08FBC4B188B332F8039FD /* BookReaderView.swift in Sources */,
-				33BFEC0F0DEFC8A0E1FD8009 /* BookSpeechController.swift in Sources */,
-				2CB1E7454C1C04C2A9A06D57 /* BookVoicePickerSheet.swift in Sources */,
-				C3F567971CE8379CCC0AA9ED /* GuideCrossLinks.swift in Sources */,
-				419DF099F0270E65D53932FD /* VocabFlashcardPracticeView.swift in Sources */,
-				12117B0704F799292AF1DBB6 /* VocabMultipleChoicePracticeView.swift in Sources */,
-				5D8A5E1ED1BE4F86A9907FA7 /* VerbReviewStore.swift in Sources */,
-				13A649C50A2B72662F92F0BD /* VocabSessionQueue.swift in Sources */,
-				6951332583F08DA6841F09FC /* VocabStudyGroup.swift in Sources */,
 			);
 			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
 		};

Conjuga/Conjuga/ConjugaApp.swift

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ struct ConjugaApp: App {
                     ReviewCard.self, CourseReviewCard.self, VerbReviewCard.self, UserProgress.self,
                     TestResult.self, DailyLog.self, SavedSong.self, Story.self, Conversation.self,
                     TextbookExerciseAttempt.self, ExtraStudyMark.self, VocabStudyGroup.self,
+                    LexemeReviewCard.self, LexemeStudyGroup.self,
                 ]),
                 cloudKitDatabase: .private("iCloud.com.conjuga.app")
             )
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ struct ConjugaApp: App {
                 for: ReviewCard.self, CourseReviewCard.self, VerbReviewCard.self, UserProgress.self,
                      TestResult.self, DailyLog.self, SavedSong.self, Story.self, Conversation.self,
                      TextbookExerciseAttempt.self, ExtraStudyMark.self, VocabStudyGroup.self,
+                     LexemeReviewCard.self, LexemeStudyGroup.self,
                 configurations: cloudConfig
             )
 
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ struct ConjugaApp: App {
     /// Clears accumulated stale schema metadata from previous container configurations.
     /// Bump the version number to force another reset if the schema changes again.
     private static func performOneTimeLocalStoreResetIfNeeded(at url: URL) {
-        let resetVersion = 5  // bump: Book/BookChapter added to local container
+        let resetVersion = 6  // bump: Lexeme added to local container
         let key = "localStoreResetVersion"
         let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
 

Conjuga/Conjuga/Models/LexemeReviewCard.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import SwiftData
+import Foundation
+
+/// SRS record for non-verb vocab cards (nouns, adjectives, …). Keyed by
+/// `(partOfSpeech, lexemeId, drillMode)` so a noun's gender drill and its
+/// English-recall drill progress independently. Lives in the cloud container
+/// alongside `VerbReviewCard` so vocab progress syncs across devices.
+///
+/// CloudKit-synced; uniqueness on `id` is enforced via fetch-or-create in
+/// `LexemeReviewStore` since CloudKit forbids `@Attribute(.unique)`.
+@Model
+final class LexemeReviewCard {
+    var id: String = ""
+    var lexemeId: String = ""
+    var partOfSpeech: String = ""
+    var drillMode: String = ""
+
+    var easeFactor: Double = 2.5
+    var interval: Int = 0
+    var repetitions: Int = 0
+    var dueDate: Date = Date()
+    var lastReviewDate: Date?
+
+    init(lexemeId: String, partOfSpeech: String, drillMode: String) {
+        self.id = Self.makeId(
+            lexemeId: lexemeId,
+            partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech,
+            drillMode: drillMode
+        )
+        self.lexemeId = lexemeId
+        self.partOfSpeech = partOfSpeech
+        self.drillMode = drillMode
+    }
+
+    static func makeId(lexemeId: String, partOfSpeech: String, drillMode: String) -> String {
+        "\(partOfSpeech)|\(lexemeId)|\(drillMode)"
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Models/LexemeStudyGroup.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+
+/// Per-(POS, drillMode) active study group, mirroring `VocabStudyGroup`.
+/// Keying by drill mode means a noun gender drill and an adjective agreement
+/// drill can each have their own resumable session at the same time.
+///
+/// CloudKit-synced; uniqueness on `id` is enforced via fetch-or-create.
+@Model
+final class LexemeStudyGroup {
+    var id: String = ""
+    var partOfSpeech: String = ""
+    var drillMode: String = ""
+    /// JSON-encoded `[StoredLexemeEntry]` — the in-session queue in order.
+    var entriesJSON: Data = Data()
+    var learnedCount: Int = 0
+    var createdAt: Date = Date()
+
+    init(
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        drillMode: String,
+        entriesJSON: Data,
+        learnedCount: Int
+    ) {
+        self.id = Self.activeID(partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech, drillMode: drillMode)
+        self.partOfSpeech = partOfSpeech
+        self.drillMode = drillMode
+        self.entriesJSON = entriesJSON
+        self.learnedCount = learnedCount
+        self.createdAt = Date()
+    }
+
+    static func activeID(partOfSpeech: String, drillMode: String) -> String {
+        "active-\(partOfSpeech)-\(drillMode)"
+    }
+
+    var entries: [StoredLexemeEntry] {
+        (try? JSONDecoder().decode([StoredLexemeEntry].self, from: entriesJSON)) ?? []
+    }
+}
+
+/// One lexeme's spot in the persisted study group.
+struct StoredLexemeEntry: Codable {
+    var lexemeId: String
+    /// Raw value of `LexemeSessionQueue.CardState`.
+    var state: String
+}
+
+/// Fetch / persist / clear the active group for one `(POS, drillMode)` pair.
+struct LexemeStudyGroupStore {
+    let context: ModelContext
+    let partOfSpeech: String
+    let drillMode: String
+
+    private var activeID: String {
+        LexemeStudyGroup.activeID(partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech, drillMode: drillMode)
+    }
+
+    func activeGroup() -> LexemeStudyGroup? {
+        let id = activeID
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeStudyGroup>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeStudyGroup> { $0.id == id },
+            sortBy: [SortDescriptor(\LexemeStudyGroup.createdAt, order: .reverse)]
+        )
+        return (try? context.fetch(descriptor))?.first
+    }
+
+    func persist(entries: [StoredLexemeEntry], learnedCount: Int) {
+        let data = (try? JSONEncoder().encode(entries)) ?? Data()
+        let id = activeID
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeStudyGroup>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeStudyGroup> { $0.id == id },
+            sortBy: [SortDescriptor(\LexemeStudyGroup.createdAt, order: .reverse)]
+        )
+        let existing = (try? context.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+        if let newest = existing.first {
+            newest.entriesJSON = data
+            newest.learnedCount = learnedCount
+            for duplicate in existing.dropFirst() { context.delete(duplicate) }
+        } else {
+            context.insert(LexemeStudyGroup(
+                partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech,
+                drillMode: drillMode,
+                entriesJSON: data,
+                learnedCount: learnedCount
+            ))
+        }
+        try? context.save()
+    }
+
+    func clear() {
+        let id = activeID
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeStudyGroup>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeStudyGroup> { $0.id == id }
+        )
+        for group in (try? context.fetch(descriptor)) ?? [] {
+            context.delete(group)
+        }
+        try? context.save()
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Models/UserProgress.swift

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ final class UserProgress {
     var selectedLevelsBlob: String = ""
     var enabledIrregularCategoriesBlob: String = ""
 
+    // Multi-select CEFR levels for the noun/adjective vocab catalog —
+    // separate from the verb levels above so the two are independent.
+    var selectedLexemeLevelsBlob: String = ""
+
     init() {}
 
     var selectedVerbLevel: VerbLevel {
@@ -107,6 +111,35 @@ final class UserProgress {
         selectedVerbLevels = values
     }
 
+    /// CEFR-style levels currently enabled for noun + adjective flashcards.
+    /// First-ever read (blob empty) defaults to A1+A2 — a beginner-friendly
+    /// starting point. Once the user touches any toggle, the blob is no
+    /// longer empty and exactly reflects their selection (including the
+    /// "all off" state, which shows the empty-state message).
+    var selectedLexemeLevels: Set<LexemeLevel> {
+        get {
+            if selectedLexemeLevelsBlob.isEmpty {
+                return [.a1, .a2]
+            }
+            let raw = decodeStringArray(from: selectedLexemeLevelsBlob, fallback: [])
+            return Set(raw.compactMap(LexemeLevel.init(rawValue:)))
+        }
+        set {
+            let sorted = newValue.map(\.rawValue)
+            selectedLexemeLevelsBlob = Self.encodeStringArray(sorted)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func setLexemeLevelEnabled(_ level: LexemeLevel, enabled: Bool) {
+        var values = selectedLexemeLevels
+        if enabled {
+            values.insert(level)
+        } else {
+            values.remove(level)
+        }
+        selectedLexemeLevels = values
+    }
+
     func setIrregularCategoryEnabled(_ category: IrregularSpan.SpanCategory, enabled: Bool) {
         var values = enabledIrregularCategories
         if enabled {

Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/DataLoader.swift

@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@ actor DataLoader {
     static let textbookDataVersion = 14
     static let textbookDataKey = "textbookDataVersion"
 
-    static let bookDataVersion = 6  // bump: BookChapter.paragraphCount added
+    static let bookDataVersion = 7  // Lexeme table + WordGloss.gender added
     static let bookDataKey = "bookDataVersion"
 
+    static let lexemeDataVersion = 1  // initial — seeded from vocab_lexemes.json
+    static let lexemeDataKey = "lexemeDataVersion"
+
     /// Quick check: does the DB need seeding or course data refresh?
     static func needsSeeding(container: ModelContainer) async -> Bool {
         let context = ModelContext(container)
@@ -602,7 +605,8 @@ actor DataLoader {
                     glossary[word] = WordGloss(
                         baseForm: fields["baseForm"] ?? word,
                         english: fields["english"] ?? "",
-                        partOfSpeech: fields["partOfSpeech"] ?? ""
+                        partOfSpeech: fields["partOfSpeech"] ?? "",
+                        gender: fields["gender"]
                     )
                 }
             }
@@ -657,6 +661,100 @@ actor DataLoader {
         return true
     }
 
+    // MARK: - Lexeme catalog (Phase 3 of vocab study)
+
+    /// Re-seed the `Lexeme` catalog if the version has changed or the rows
+    /// are missing. The catalog is sourced from the bundled
+    /// `vocab_lexemes.json` (built by `Scripts/vocab/build_lexemes.py` from
+    /// doozan/spanish_data) — independent from book seeding so a catalog
+    /// refresh doesn't require touching books.
+    static func refreshLexemesIfNeeded(container: ModelContainer) async {
+        let shared = UserDefaults.standard
+        let context = ModelContext(container)
+        let existingCount = (try? context.fetchCount(FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>())) ?? 0
+        let storedVersion = shared.integer(forKey: lexemeDataKey)
+        let versionCurrent = storedVersion >= lexemeDataVersion
+
+        print("[DataLoader] refreshLexemesIfNeeded: existing=\(existingCount) stored=\(storedVersion) target=\(lexemeDataVersion) versionCurrent=\(versionCurrent)")
+
+        if versionCurrent && existingCount > 0 { return }
+
+        if let existing = try? context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>()) {
+            for lexeme in existing { context.delete(lexeme) }
+        }
+        do {
+            try context.save()
+        } catch {
+            print("[DataLoader] ERROR: lexeme wipe save failed: \(error)")
+            return
+        }
+
+        if seedLexemesFromCatalog(context: context) {
+            shared.set(lexemeDataVersion, forKey: lexemeDataKey)
+            print("[DataLoader] Lexeme data re-seeded to version \(lexemeDataVersion)")
+        } else {
+            print("[DataLoader] Lexeme reseed produced no rows — leaving version key untouched")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Read `vocab_lexemes.json` from the app bundle and insert one `Lexeme`
+    /// per entry. Returns true when at least one row persisted.
+    private static func seedLexemesFromCatalog(context: ModelContext) -> Bool {
+        guard let url = Bundle.main.url(forResource: "vocab_lexemes", withExtension: "json") else {
+            print("[DataLoader] no vocab_lexemes.json bundled — skipping lexeme seed")
+            return false
+        }
+        guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url),
+              let array = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [[String: Any]] else {
+            print("[DataLoader] ERROR: vocab_lexemes.json malformed")
+            return false
+        }
+
+        var inserted = 0
+        // Defensive: the build script already dedupes, but skip any stray
+        // dupes so we never throw on the unique-constraint save.
+        var seen: Set<String> = []
+        for entry in array {
+            guard let baseForm = entry["baseForm"] as? String, !baseForm.isEmpty,
+                  let english = entry["english"] as? String, !english.isEmpty,
+                  let pos = entry["partOfSpeech"] as? String, !pos.isEmpty else {
+                continue
+            }
+            let dedupKey = "\(pos):\(baseForm)"
+            if seen.contains(dedupKey) { continue }
+            seen.insert(dedupKey)
+
+            let lexeme = Lexeme(
+                id: Lexeme.makeID(sourceBookSlug: "catalog", partOfSpeech: pos, baseForm: baseForm),
+                partOfSpeech: pos,
+                baseForm: baseForm,
+                english: english,
+                gender: entry["gender"] as? String,
+                sourceBookSlug: "catalog",
+                frequencyRank: (entry["frequencyRank"] as? Int) ?? 0,
+                exampleES: entry["exampleES"] as? String,
+                exampleEN: entry["exampleEN"] as? String
+            )
+            context.insert(lexeme)
+            inserted += 1
+        }
+
+        do {
+            try context.save()
+        } catch {
+            print("[DataLoader] ERROR: lexeme save failed: \(error)")
+            return false
+        }
+
+        let persisted = (try? context.fetchCount(FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>())) ?? 0
+        guard persisted > 0 else {
+            print("[DataLoader] ERROR: seeded \(inserted) lexemes but persisted count is 0")
+            return false
+        }
+        print("Lexeme seeding complete: \(persisted) lexemes from catalog")
+        return true
+    }
+
     /// Slugs of books bundled with the app. Kept explicit so device installs
     /// don't depend on `Bundle.urls(forResourcesWithExtension:subdirectory:)`
     /// successfully enumerating the bundle — that API has been observed to

Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/LexemeReviewStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import Foundation
+import SharedModels
+import SwiftData
+
+/// SRS rating for non-verb vocab cards. Mirrors `VerbReviewStore` but keyed
+/// by `(partOfSpeech, lexemeId, drillMode)` so independent drills against the
+/// same lexeme don't fight over one schedule.
+struct LexemeReviewStore {
+    let context: ModelContext
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func fetchOrCreateReviewCard(
+        lexemeId: String,
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        drillMode: String
+    ) -> LexemeReviewCard {
+        let id = LexemeReviewCard.makeId(
+            lexemeId: lexemeId,
+            partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech,
+            drillMode: drillMode
+        )
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeReviewCard>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeReviewCard> { $0.id == id }
+        )
+        if let existing = (try? context.fetch(descriptor))?.first {
+            return existing
+        }
+        let card = LexemeReviewCard(
+            lexemeId: lexemeId,
+            partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech,
+            drillMode: drillMode
+        )
+        context.insert(card)
+        return card
+    }
+
+    func rate(
+        lexemeId: String,
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        drillMode: String,
+        quality: ReviewQuality
+    ) {
+        let card = fetchOrCreateReviewCard(
+            lexemeId: lexemeId,
+            partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech,
+            drillMode: drillMode
+        )
+        let result = SRSEngine.review(
+            quality: quality,
+            currentEase: card.easeFactor,
+            currentInterval: card.interval,
+            currentReps: card.repetitions
+        )
+        card.easeFactor = result.easeFactor
+        card.interval = result.interval
+        card.repetitions = result.repetitions
+        card.dueDate = SRSEngine.nextDueDate(interval: result.interval)
+        card.lastReviewDate = Date()
+        try? context.save()
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/LexemeSessionQueue.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import Foundation
+import SharedModels
+import SwiftData
+
+/// In-session learning-step queue for `Lexeme`-based vocab practice — the
+/// non-verb analog of `VocabSessionQueue`. Same Anki-style position-based
+/// requeue: Again/Hard requeue close, Good advances state then graduates on
+/// the second pass, Easy graduates immediately. `answer` returns a
+/// `ReviewQuality` only when the card graduates — that's the rating fed to
+/// the cross-session `LexemeReviewStore`.
+struct LexemeSessionQueue {
+
+    enum CardState: String {
+        case new
+        case learning
+        case review
+    }
+
+    enum Rating {
+        case again, hard, good, easy
+    }
+
+    struct Entry: Identifiable {
+        let id = UUID()
+        let lexeme: Lexeme
+        var state: CardState
+    }
+
+    let drillMode: String
+    private(set) var queue: [Entry]
+    private(set) var learnedCount: Int = 0
+    private let originalLexemes: [Lexeme]
+
+    init(lexemes: [Lexeme], drillMode: String) {
+        self.drillMode = drillMode
+        self.originalLexemes = lexemes
+        self.queue = lexemes.map { Entry(lexeme: $0, state: .new) }
+    }
+
+    init(entries: [(lexeme: Lexeme, state: CardState)], drillMode: String, learnedCount: Int) {
+        self.drillMode = drillMode
+        self.originalLexemes = entries.map(\.lexeme)
+        self.queue = entries.map { Entry(lexeme: $0.lexeme, state: $0.state) }
+        self.learnedCount = learnedCount
+    }
+
+    func snapshot() -> [(lexemeId: String, state: CardState)] {
+        queue.map { ($0.lexeme.id, $0.state) }
+    }
+
+    var current: Entry? { queue.first }
+    var isComplete: Bool { queue.isEmpty }
+    var remainingCount: Int { queue.count }
+
+    var progress: Double {
+        let total = learnedCount + queue.count
+        return total == 0 ? 1 : Double(learnedCount) / Double(total)
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func answer(_ rating: Rating) -> ReviewQuality? {
+        guard !queue.isEmpty else { return nil }
+        var entry = queue.removeFirst()
+
+        switch rating {
+        case .again:
+            entry.state = .learning
+            insert(entry, offset: Int.random(in: 5...8))
+            return nil
+        case .hard:
+            entry.state = .learning
+            insert(entry, offset: Int.random(in: 7...10))
+            return nil
+        case .good:
+            if entry.state == .review {
+                learnedCount += 1
+                return .good
+            }
+            entry.state = .review
+            insert(entry, offset: Int.random(in: 16...24))
+            return nil
+        case .easy:
+            learnedCount += 1
+            return .easy
+        }
+    }
+
+    mutating func restart() {
+        queue = originalLexemes.shuffled().map { Entry(lexeme: $0, state: .new) }
+        learnedCount = 0
+    }
+
+    private mutating func insert(_ entry: Entry, offset: Int) {
+        let idx = min(queue.count, offset)
+        queue.insert(entry, at: idx)
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Session lexeme pool
+
+/// Builds a session for a given POS + drill mode: due-first per
+/// `LexemeReviewCard`, then fresh (never-studied) lexemes, capped.
+enum LexemePool {
+
+    /// Per-session cap. 0/unset → 20. Mirrors `VocabVerbPool.sessionCardLimit`.
+    static var sessionCardLimit: Int {
+        let stored = UserDefaults.standard.integer(forKey: "lexemeSessionCardLimit")
+        return stored == 0 ? 20 : stored
+    }
+
+    static func sessionLexemes(
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        drillMode: String,
+        enabledLevels: Set<LexemeLevel>,
+        localContext: ModelContext,
+        cloudContext: ModelContext
+    ) -> [Lexeme] {
+        let pool = fetchStudyable(partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech, context: localContext)
+
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeReviewCard>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeReviewCard> {
+                $0.partOfSpeech == partOfSpeech && $0.drillMode == drillMode
+            }
+        )
+        let reviewCards = (try? cloudContext.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+        let cardById = Dictionary(
+            reviewCards.map { ($0.lexemeId, $0) },
+            uniquingKeysWith: { existing, _ in existing }
+        )
+
+        let now = Date()
+        var due: [(lexeme: Lexeme, dueDate: Date)] = []
+        var fresh: [Lexeme] = []
+        for lexeme in pool {
+            if let card = cardById[lexeme.id] {
+                if card.dueDate <= now {
+                    // Due cards surface regardless of current level toggles —
+                    // SRS isn't level-gated. Already-studied cards keep
+                    // coming back on their schedule.
+                    due.append((lexeme, card.dueDate))
+                }
+            } else if enabledLevels.contains(LexemeLevel.level(forRank: lexeme.frequencyRank)) {
+                // Fresh (never-studied) cards only enter the pool from
+                // levels the user has on. Disabling a level is the lever
+                // for "don't introduce me to harder/easier words yet."
+                fresh.append(lexeme)
+            }
+        }
+
+        due.sort { $0.dueDate < $1.dueDate }
+        // Fresh cards surface in frequency order — most-useful words first.
+        // Lexemes without a rank (frequencyRank == 0) sort last.
+        fresh.sort { lhs, rhs in
+            let l = lhs.frequencyRank == 0 ? Int.max : lhs.frequencyRank
+            let r = rhs.frequencyRank == 0 ? Int.max : rhs.frequencyRank
+            if l != r { return l < r }
+            return lhs.baseForm < rhs.baseForm
+        }
+
+        let ordered = due.map(\.lexeme) + fresh
+        return Array(ordered.prefix(sessionCardLimit))
+    }
+
+    /// Lexemes the user has already studied at least once for `(POS, drill)`,
+    /// most-recently-studied first. Mirrors `VocabVerbPool.reviewLearnedVerbs`.
+    static func reviewLearnedLexemes(
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        drillMode: String,
+        localContext: ModelContext,
+        cloudContext: ModelContext
+    ) -> [Lexeme] {
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<LexemeReviewCard>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<LexemeReviewCard> {
+                $0.partOfSpeech == partOfSpeech && $0.drillMode == drillMode
+            }
+        )
+        let reviewCards = (try? cloudContext.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+        let sorted = reviewCards.sorted {
+            ($0.lastReviewDate ?? .distantPast) > ($1.lastReviewDate ?? .distantPast)
+        }
+
+        let pool = fetchStudyable(partOfSpeech: partOfSpeech, context: localContext)
+        let byId = Dictionary(pool.map { ($0.id, $0) }, uniquingKeysWith: { existing, _ in existing })
+        return sorted.compactMap { byId[$0.lexemeId] }
+    }
+
+    /// Lexemes for a POS. The catalog (`vocab_lexemes.json`) only emits
+    /// nouns that have a known gender, so no extra filter is needed here.
+    private static func fetchStudyable(partOfSpeech: String, context: ModelContext) -> [Lexeme] {
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<Lexeme> { $0.partOfSpeech == partOfSpeech }
+        )
+        return (try? context.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/StartupCoordinator.swift

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ enum StartupCoordinator {
         await DataLoader.refreshCourseDataIfNeeded(container: localContainer)
         await DataLoader.refreshTextbookDataIfNeeded(container: localContainer)
         await DataLoader.refreshBooksDataIfNeeded(container: localContainer)
+        await DataLoader.refreshLexemesIfNeeded(container: localContainer)
     }
 
     /// Recurring maintenance: legacy migrations, identity repair, cloud dedup.

Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Practice/PracticeView.swift

@@ -302,6 +302,68 @@ struct PracticeView: View {
                 .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 14))
                 .padding(.horizontal)
 
+                // Nouns
+                NavigationLink {
+                    NounFlashcardPracticeView()
+                } label: {
+                    HStack(spacing: 14) {
+                        Image(systemName: "n.circle.fill")
+                            .font(.title3)
+                            .frame(width: 36)
+                            .foregroundStyle(.teal)
+
+                        VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                            Text("Nouns")
+                                .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                            Text("Flashcards — English ↔ Spanish")
+                                .font(.caption)
+                                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                        }
+
+                        Spacer()
+
+                        Image(systemName: "chevron.right")
+                            .font(.caption)
+                            .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+                    }
+                    .padding(.horizontal, 16)
+                    .padding(.vertical, 14)
+                }
+                .tint(.primary)
+                .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 14))
+                .padding(.horizontal)
+
+                // Adjectives
+                NavigationLink {
+                    AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView()
+                } label: {
+                    HStack(spacing: 14) {
+                        Image(systemName: "a.circle.fill")
+                            .font(.title3)
+                            .frame(width: 36)
+                            .foregroundStyle(.pink)
+
+                        VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                            Text("Adjectives")
+                                .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                            Text("Flashcards — English ↔ Spanish")
+                                .font(.caption)
+                                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                        }
+
+                        Spacer()
+
+                        Image(systemName: "chevron.right")
+                            .font(.caption)
+                            .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+                    }
+                    .padding(.horizontal, 16)
+                    .padding(.vertical, 14)
+                }
+                .tint(.primary)
+                .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 14))
+                .padding(.horizontal)
+
                 // Session stats summary
                 if viewModel.sessionTotal > 0 && !isPracticing {
                     VStack(spacing: 8) {

Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Practice/Vocab/AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+import SwiftUI
+import SharedModels
+import SwiftData
+
+/// English ↔ Spanish adjective flashcards. Same flow as the noun view and
+/// the verb flashcards: show the English meaning, tap to reveal the Spanish
+/// base form, rate Again/Hard/Good/Easy. Agreement (gender + number) is
+/// taught organically through reading and verb-flashcard examples, not as a
+/// separate quiz here.
+///
+/// Plain `ScrollView { VStack }` — no `LazyVStack`/`ScrollViewReader`.
+struct AdjectiveFlashcardPracticeView: View {
+
+    @Environment(\.modelContext) private var localContext
+    @Environment(\.cloudModelContextProvider) private var cloudModelContextProvider
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+
+    @State private var session: LexemeSessionQueue?
+    @State private var revealed: Bool = false
+
+    private var cloudContext: ModelContext { cloudModelContextProvider() }
+    private var currentLexeme: Lexeme? { session?.current?.lexeme }
+
+    private static let drillMode = "recall"
+
+    var body: some View {
+        ScrollView {
+            VStack(spacing: 24) {
+                headerBar
+                if let lexeme = currentLexeme {
+                    cardContent(for: lexeme)
+                } else {
+                    completionView
+                }
+            }
+            .padding()
+            .adaptiveContainer(maxWidth: 720)
+        }
+        .navigationTitle("Adjectives")
+        .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+        .onAppear(perform: loadIfNeeded)
+        .animation(.smooth, value: revealed)
+        .animation(.smooth, value: currentLexeme?.id)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Card
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private func cardContent(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        Text(lexeme.english)
+            .font(.largeTitle.weight(.bold))
+            .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+            .padding(.top, 12)
+
+        if revealed {
+            VStack(spacing: 14) {
+                Text(lexeme.baseForm)
+                    .font(.title.weight(.semibold))
+                    .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+                exampleBlock(for: lexeme)
+                ratingButtons(for: lexeme)
+            }
+        } else {
+            tapToReveal
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var tapToReveal: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 8) {
+            Image(systemName: "hand.tap").font(.title).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+            Text("Tap to reveal").font(.headline).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+        }
+        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, minHeight: 200)
+        .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20))
+        .contentShape(Rectangle())
+        .onTapGesture {
+            withAnimation(.smooth) { revealed = true }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private func exampleBlock(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        if let es = lexeme.exampleES, !es.isEmpty {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+                Text(es).font(.subheadline).italic()
+                if let en = lexeme.exampleEN, !en.isEmpty {
+                    Text(en).font(.caption).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                }
+            }
+            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+            .padding()
+            .background(.fill.quinary, in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Header
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private var headerBar: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 6) {
+            ProgressView(value: session?.progress ?? 0).tint(.pink)
+            Text(progressLabel)
+                .font(.caption)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var progressLabel: String {
+        guard let session else { return "Loading…" }
+        if session.isComplete { return "Done" }
+        return "\(session.learnedCount) learned · \(session.remainingCount) to go"
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Rating
+
+    private func ratingButtons(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 10) {
+            Text("How well did you know it?")
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+            HStack(spacing: 10) {
+                ratingButton("Again", color: .red, rating: .again, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Hard", color: .orange, rating: .hard, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Good", color: .green, rating: .good, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Easy", color: .blue, rating: .easy, lexeme: lexeme)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func ratingButton(_ label: String, color: Color, rating: LexemeSessionQueue.Rating, lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        Button {
+            answer(rating, for: lexeme)
+        } label: {
+            Text(label)
+                .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                .padding(.vertical, 12)
+        }
+        .tint(color)
+        .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+    }
+
+    private func answer(_ rating: LexemeSessionQueue.Rating, for lexeme: Lexeme) {
+        let graduation = session?.answer(rating)
+        if let graduation {
+            LexemeReviewStore(context: cloudContext).rate(
+                lexemeId: lexeme.id,
+                partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+                drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+                quality: graduation
+            )
+        }
+        persistGroup()
+        withAnimation(.smooth) { revealed = false }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Completion
+
+    private var completionView: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 16) {
+            Image(systemName: "checkmark.circle.fill")
+                .font(.system(size: 56)).foregroundStyle(.green)
+            Text(completionTitle).font(.title2.bold())
+            Text(completionDetail)
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+
+            HStack(spacing: 12) {
+                Button { studyAgain() } label: {
+                    Label("Next Set", systemImage: "arrow.right")
+                        .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                        .padding(.vertical, 6)
+                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                }
+                .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
+                .tint(.pink)
+
+                Button("Done") { dismiss() }
+                    .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                    .padding(.vertical, 6)
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                    .buttonStyle(.bordered)
+            }
+            .padding(.top, 12)
+        }
+        .padding(.top, 60)
+        .padding(.horizontal, 24)
+    }
+
+    private var completionTitle: String {
+        let learned = session?.learnedCount ?? 0
+        return learned > 0 ? "Session Complete" : "Nothing Available"
+    }
+
+    private var completionDetail: String {
+        let learned = session?.learnedCount ?? 0
+        if learned > 0 {
+            return "\(learned) adjective\(learned == 1 ? "" : "s") learned"
+        }
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        if progress.selectedLexemeLevels.isEmpty {
+            return "No vocabulary levels enabled. Open Settings → Vocabulary Levels to turn some on."
+        }
+        return "No adjectives available at the enabled levels right now."
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Session lifecycle
+
+    private func loadIfNeeded() {
+        guard session == nil else { return }
+        let store = LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        )
+        if let group = store.activeGroup() {
+            let stored = group.entries
+            if !stored.isEmpty {
+                let byId = lexemesByID(Set(stored.map(\.lexemeId)))
+                let entries: [(lexeme: Lexeme, state: LexemeSessionQueue.CardState)] = stored.compactMap { e in
+                    guard let lex = byId[e.lexemeId] else { return nil }
+                    return (lex, LexemeSessionQueue.CardState(rawValue: e.state) ?? .new)
+                }
+                if entries.count == stored.count {
+                    session = LexemeSessionQueue(
+                        entries: entries,
+                        drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+                        learnedCount: group.learnedCount
+                    )
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        let lexemes = LexemePool.sessionLexemes(
+            partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+            enabledLevels: progress.selectedLexemeLevels,
+            localContext: localContext,
+            cloudContext: cloudContext
+        )
+        session = LexemeSessionQueue(lexemes: lexemes, drillMode: Self.drillMode)
+        persistGroup()
+    }
+
+    private func lexemesByID(_ ids: Set<String>) -> [String: Lexeme] {
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<Lexeme> { ids.contains($0.id) }
+        )
+        let all = (try? localContext.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+        return Dictionary(all.map { ($0.id, $0) }, uniquingKeysWith: { existing, _ in existing })
+    }
+
+    private func persistGroup() {
+        guard let session else { return }
+        let store = LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        )
+        if session.isComplete {
+            store.clear()
+        } else {
+            let entries = session.snapshot().map {
+                StoredLexemeEntry(lexemeId: $0.lexemeId, state: $0.state.rawValue)
+            }
+            store.persist(entries: entries, learnedCount: session.learnedCount)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func studyAgain() {
+        LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        ).clear()
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        let lexemes = LexemePool.sessionLexemes(
+            partOfSpeech: "adjective",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+            enabledLevels: progress.selectedLexemeLevels,
+            localContext: localContext,
+            cloudContext: cloudContext
+        )
+        session = LexemeSessionQueue(lexemes: lexemes, drillMode: Self.drillMode)
+        revealed = false
+        persistGroup()
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Practice/Vocab/NounFlashcardPracticeView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+import SwiftUI
+import SharedModels
+import SwiftData
+
+/// English ↔ Spanish noun flashcards. Same flow as `VocabFlashcardPracticeView`
+/// for verbs: show the English meaning, tap to reveal the Spanish word, rate
+/// Again/Hard/Good/Easy. The Spanish reveal shows the word with its article
+/// (`la taza`, `el problema`) so gender is taught alongside meaning instead
+/// of being a separate "el or la?" quiz.
+///
+/// Plain `ScrollView { VStack }` — no `LazyVStack`/`ScrollViewReader` (keeps
+/// it out of the books-reader layout-loop class of bug).
+struct NounFlashcardPracticeView: View {
+
+    @Environment(\.modelContext) private var localContext
+    @Environment(\.cloudModelContextProvider) private var cloudModelContextProvider
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+
+    @State private var session: LexemeSessionQueue?
+    @State private var revealed: Bool = false
+
+    private var cloudContext: ModelContext { cloudModelContextProvider() }
+    private var currentLexeme: Lexeme? { session?.current?.lexeme }
+
+    /// Single drill mode for now — meaning recall. The `LexemeReviewCard` /
+    /// `LexemeStudyGroup` IDs are keyed by drillMode so other modes can be
+    /// added later without colliding with this one.
+    private static let drillMode = "recall"
+
+    var body: some View {
+        ScrollView {
+            VStack(spacing: 24) {
+                headerBar
+                if let lexeme = currentLexeme {
+                    cardContent(for: lexeme)
+                } else {
+                    completionView
+                }
+            }
+            .padding()
+            .adaptiveContainer(maxWidth: 720)
+        }
+        .navigationTitle("Nouns")
+        .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+        .onAppear(perform: loadIfNeeded)
+        .animation(.smooth, value: revealed)
+        .animation(.smooth, value: currentLexeme?.id)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Card
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private func cardContent(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        Text(lexeme.english)
+            .font(.largeTitle.weight(.bold))
+            .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+            .padding(.top, 12)
+
+        if revealed {
+            VStack(spacing: 14) {
+                Text(formattedSpanish(lexeme))
+                    .font(.title.weight(.semibold))
+                    .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+                exampleBlock(for: lexeme)
+                ratingButtons(for: lexeme)
+            }
+        } else {
+            tapToReveal
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Show the noun with its article so gender comes along free.
+    private func formattedSpanish(_ lexeme: Lexeme) -> String {
+        guard let g = lexeme.gender, !g.isEmpty else { return lexeme.baseForm }
+        let article: String
+        switch g {
+        case "f": article = "la"
+        case "m/f": article = "el/la"
+        default: article = "el"
+        }
+        return "\(article) \(lexeme.baseForm)"
+    }
+
+    private var tapToReveal: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 8) {
+            Image(systemName: "hand.tap").font(.title).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+            Text("Tap to reveal").font(.headline).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+        }
+        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, minHeight: 200)
+        .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20))
+        .contentShape(Rectangle())
+        .onTapGesture {
+            withAnimation(.smooth) { revealed = true }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private func exampleBlock(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        if let es = lexeme.exampleES, !es.isEmpty {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+                Text(es).font(.subheadline).italic()
+                if let en = lexeme.exampleEN, !en.isEmpty {
+                    Text(en).font(.caption).foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                }
+            }
+            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+            .padding()
+            .background(.fill.quinary, in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Header
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private var headerBar: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 6) {
+            ProgressView(value: session?.progress ?? 0).tint(.teal)
+            Text(progressLabel)
+                .font(.caption)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var progressLabel: String {
+        guard let session else { return "Loading…" }
+        if session.isComplete { return "Done" }
+        return "\(session.learnedCount) learned · \(session.remainingCount) to go"
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Rating
+
+    private func ratingButtons(for lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 10) {
+            Text("How well did you know it?")
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+            HStack(spacing: 10) {
+                ratingButton("Again", color: .red, rating: .again, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Hard", color: .orange, rating: .hard, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Good", color: .green, rating: .good, lexeme: lexeme)
+                ratingButton("Easy", color: .blue, rating: .easy, lexeme: lexeme)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func ratingButton(_ label: String, color: Color, rating: LexemeSessionQueue.Rating, lexeme: Lexeme) -> some View {
+        Button {
+            answer(rating, for: lexeme)
+        } label: {
+            Text(label)
+                .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                .padding(.vertical, 12)
+        }
+        .tint(color)
+        .glassEffect(in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+    }
+
+    private func answer(_ rating: LexemeSessionQueue.Rating, for lexeme: Lexeme) {
+        let graduation = session?.answer(rating)
+        if let graduation {
+            LexemeReviewStore(context: cloudContext).rate(
+                lexemeId: lexeme.id,
+                partOfSpeech: "noun",
+                drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+                quality: graduation
+            )
+        }
+        persistGroup()
+        withAnimation(.smooth) { revealed = false }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Completion
+
+    private var completionView: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 16) {
+            Image(systemName: "checkmark.circle.fill")
+                .font(.system(size: 56)).foregroundStyle(.green)
+            Text(completionTitle).font(.title2.bold())
+            Text(completionDetail)
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+
+            HStack(spacing: 12) {
+                Button { studyAgain() } label: {
+                    Label("Next Set", systemImage: "arrow.right")
+                        .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                        .padding(.vertical, 6)
+                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                }
+                .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
+                .tint(.teal)
+
+                Button("Done") { dismiss() }
+                    .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                    .padding(.vertical, 6)
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                    .buttonStyle(.bordered)
+            }
+            .padding(.top, 12)
+        }
+        .padding(.top, 60)
+        .padding(.horizontal, 24)
+    }
+
+    private var completionTitle: String {
+        let learned = session?.learnedCount ?? 0
+        return learned > 0 ? "Session Complete" : "Nothing Available"
+    }
+
+    private var completionDetail: String {
+        let learned = session?.learnedCount ?? 0
+        if learned > 0 {
+            return "\(learned) noun\(learned == 1 ? "" : "s") learned"
+        }
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        if progress.selectedLexemeLevels.isEmpty {
+            return "No vocabulary levels enabled. Open Settings → Vocabulary Levels to turn some on."
+        }
+        return "No nouns available at the enabled levels right now."
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Session lifecycle
+
+    private func loadIfNeeded() {
+        guard session == nil else { return }
+        let store = LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "noun",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        )
+        if let group = store.activeGroup() {
+            let stored = group.entries
+            if !stored.isEmpty {
+                let byId = lexemesByID(Set(stored.map(\.lexemeId)))
+                let entries: [(lexeme: Lexeme, state: LexemeSessionQueue.CardState)] = stored.compactMap { e in
+                    guard let lex = byId[e.lexemeId] else { return nil }
+                    return (lex, LexemeSessionQueue.CardState(rawValue: e.state) ?? .new)
+                }
+                if entries.count == stored.count {
+                    session = LexemeSessionQueue(
+                        entries: entries,
+                        drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+                        learnedCount: group.learnedCount
+                    )
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        let lexemes = LexemePool.sessionLexemes(
+            partOfSpeech: "noun",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+            enabledLevels: progress.selectedLexemeLevels,
+            localContext: localContext,
+            cloudContext: cloudContext
+        )
+        session = LexemeSessionQueue(lexemes: lexemes, drillMode: Self.drillMode)
+        persistGroup()
+    }
+
+    private func lexemesByID(_ ids: Set<String>) -> [String: Lexeme] {
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<Lexeme>(
+            predicate: #Predicate<Lexeme> { ids.contains($0.id) }
+        )
+        let all = (try? localContext.fetch(descriptor)) ?? []
+        return Dictionary(all.map { ($0.id, $0) }, uniquingKeysWith: { existing, _ in existing })
+    }
+
+    private func persistGroup() {
+        guard let session else { return }
+        let store = LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "noun",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        )
+        if session.isComplete {
+            store.clear()
+        } else {
+            let entries = session.snapshot().map {
+                StoredLexemeEntry(lexemeId: $0.lexemeId, state: $0.state.rawValue)
+            }
+            store.persist(entries: entries, learnedCount: session.learnedCount)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func studyAgain() {
+        LexemeStudyGroupStore(
+            context: cloudContext,
+            partOfSpeech: "noun",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode
+        ).clear()
+        let progress = ReviewStore.fetchOrCreateUserProgress(context: cloudContext)
+        let lexemes = LexemePool.sessionLexemes(
+            partOfSpeech: "noun",
+            drillMode: Self.drillMode,
+            enabledLevels: progress.selectedLexemeLevels,
+            localContext: localContext,
+            cloudContext: cloudContext
+        )
+        session = LexemeSessionQueue(lexemes: lexemes, drillMode: Self.drillMode)
+        revealed = false
+        persistGroup()
+    }
+}

Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Settings/SettingsView.swift

@@ -72,11 +72,30 @@ struct SettingsView: View {
                         ))
                     }
                 } header: {
-                    Text("Levels")
+                    Text("Verb Levels")
                 } footer: {
                     Text("Practice pulls only from verbs whose level is enabled. Turn on multiple to mix.")
                 }
 
+                Section {
+                    ForEach(LexemeLevel.allCases, id: \.self) { level in
+                        Toggle(level.displayName, isOn: Binding(
+                            get: {
+                                progress?.selectedLexemeLevels.contains(level) ?? false
+                            },
+                            set: { enabled in
+                                guard let progress else { return }
+                                progress.setLexemeLevelEnabled(level, enabled: enabled)
+                                saveProgress()
+                            }
+                        ))
+                    }
+                } header: {
+                    Text("Vocabulary Levels")
+                } footer: {
+                    Text("Noun and adjective flashcards pull only from the enabled CEFR levels. New first-time installs default to A1 + A2.")
+                }
+
                 Section {
                     ForEach(TenseInfo.all) { tense in
                         Toggle(tense.english, isOn: Binding(

Conjuga/Scripts/books/build_glossary.py

@@ -60,10 +60,15 @@ For EACH word, produce one entry:
   dictionary sense.
 - partOfSpeech: one of verb, noun, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition,
   conjunction, article, interjection, numeral, proper noun, other.
+- gender: ONLY for `partOfSpeech == "noun"`. "m" for masculine, "f" for
+  feminine, "m/f" for nouns that take either article (estudiante, artista).
+  OMIT the field entirely (or use null) for non-nouns and for cases where the
+  gender is genuinely unknowable from context. Don't guess for non-nouns.
 
 Write the output file as JSON with this exact shape:
     {{"jobId": "<the jobId from the input>", "entries": [
-        {{"word": "...", "baseForm": "...", "english": "...", "partOfSpeech": "..."}}
+        {{"word": "...", "baseForm": "...", "english": "...",
+          "partOfSpeech": "...", "gender": "m"}}
     ]}}
 
 `entries` MUST contain exactly one object per input word, cover every word, and

Conjuga/Scripts/books/bundle_book.py

@@ -109,11 +109,15 @@ def main() -> None:
                 word = (entry.get("word") or "").strip()
                 if not word:
                     continue
-                glossary[word] = {
+                gloss_entry: dict = {
                     "baseForm": entry.get("baseForm") or word,
                     "english": entry.get("english") or "",
                     "partOfSpeech": entry.get("partOfSpeech") or "",
                 }
+                gender = entry.get("gender")
+                if isinstance(gender, str) and gender.strip():
+                    gloss_entry["gender"] = gender.strip()
+                glossary[word] = gloss_entry
     if glossary_missing:
         msg = f"{len(glossary_missing)} glossary job(s) missing output: {glossary_missing[:5]}{'...' if len(glossary_missing) > 5 else ''}"
         if args.require_all:

Conjuga/Scripts/vocab/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.cache/

Conjuga/Scripts/vocab/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Vocab catalog build
+
+`build_lexemes.py` produces `Conjuga/vocab_lexemes.json`, the bundled catalog
+of frequency-ranked Spanish nouns and adjectives that powers the Noun /
+Adjective flashcard study modes.
+
+## Run
+
+```sh
+python3 build_lexemes.py
+```
+
+Downloads `frequency.csv` + `es-en.data` from a pinned commit of
+[`doozan/spanish_data`](https://github.com/doozan/spanish_data), caches them
+under `.cache/<commit>/`, joins them, and writes the JSON. Re-running is
+fast — only the join step happens after the first download.
+
+Override defaults:
+
+```sh
+python3 build_lexemes.py --max-nouns 3000 --max-adjectives 1000
+python3 build_lexemes.py --output /tmp/vocab.json
+```
+
+## Data sources & attribution
+
+All datasets are CC-licensed; the bundled catalog inherits CC-BY-SA. Credit
+in the app's About screen must read:
+
+> Vocabulary data: Wiktionary (CC-BY-SA), OpenSubtitles via FrequencyWords
+> (CC-BY-SA 3.0).
+
+- **`frequency.csv`** — derived from
+  [hermitdave/FrequencyWords](https://github.com/hermitdave/FrequencyWords)
+  (OpenSubtitles corpus), packaged by doozan. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0.
+- **`es-en.data`** — Spanish→English Wiktionary export in the
+  [`enwiktionary_wordlist`](https://github.com/doozan/enwiktionary_wordlist)
+  format. License: CC-BY-SA.
+
+The pinned doozan commit is at the top of `build_lexemes.py`
+(`DOOZAN_COMMIT`). Bump it to refresh; the cache key includes the commit so
+old data is auto-replaced.
+
+## Output shape
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "baseForm": "casa",
+    "english": "house",
+    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
+    "gender": "f",
+    "frequencyRank": 142,
+    "exampleES": "La casa es grande",
+    "exampleEN": "The house is big"
+  },
+  ...
+]
+```
+
+Sorted by `frequencyRank` ascending so the fresh-card path in `LexemePool`
+surfaces the most useful words first.

Conjuga/Scripts/vocab/build_lexemes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Build Conjuga/vocab_lexemes.json from doozan/spanish_data.
+
+Joins doozan's frequency.csv (CC-BY-SA 3.0, OpenSubtitles via FrequencyWords)
+with es-en.data (CC-BY-SA, Wiktionary) into a single bundled JSON catalog of
+the highest-frequency Spanish nouns and adjectives — each row carries the
+lemma, English gloss, gender (for nouns), frequency rank, and an example
+sentence with translation when Wiktionary has one.
+
+The app's DataLoader.seedLexemesFromCatalog reads this file at startup to
+populate the Lexeme table that powers Noun / Adjective flashcard study.
+
+Usage:
+    python3 build_lexemes.py [--max-nouns N] [--max-adjectives N]
+                             [--output PATH] [--cache-dir PATH]
+
+Pinned doozan commit:  aeac698949e7b27112056ee8d72f70f853cd1ef9  (2026-05-01)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import json
+import sys
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+
+DOOZAN_COMMIT = "aeac698949e7b27112056ee8d72f70f853cd1ef9"
+BASE_URL = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/doozan/spanish_data/{DOOZAN_COMMIT}"
+
+FILES = {
+    "frequency.csv": f"{BASE_URL}/frequency.csv",
+    "es-en.data":    f"{BASE_URL}/es-en.data",
+}
+
+# Both frequency.csv and es-en.data use short POS codes (`n`, `adj`); we keep
+# the same codes for the join. The output JSON uses the longer names the
+# app's Lexeme model expects.
+JOIN_POS = {"n", "adj"}
+OUTPUT_POS = {"n": "noun", "adj": "adjective"}
+
+
+def fetch(name: str, url: str, cache_dir: Path) -> Path:
+    """Download once; reuse local cache on subsequent runs."""
+    cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    out = cache_dir / name
+    if out.exists() and out.stat().st_size > 0:
+        return out
+    print(f"  downloading {name} ({url}) ...", file=sys.stderr)
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as resp, open(out, "wb") as fh:
+        fh.write(resp.read())
+    return out
+
+
+def load_frequency(path: Path, *, keep_pos: set[str]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Read frequency.csv → list of {lemma, pos, rank} for the POSes we care
+    about. Rank is the row index (1-based), which matches frequency-descending
+    order in the source file."""
+    rows: list[dict] = []
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        reader = csv.DictReader(fh)
+        for i, row in enumerate(reader):
+            pos = (row.get("pos") or "").strip()
+            if pos not in keep_pos:
+                continue
+            flags = (row.get("flags") or "").strip()
+            if "DUPLICATE" in flags or "NOUSAGE" in flags:
+                continue
+            lemma = (row.get("spanish") or "").strip()
+            if not lemma:
+                continue
+            rows.append({"lemma": lemma, "pos": pos, "rank": i + 1})
+    return rows
+
+
+def load_es_en(path: Path) -> dict[tuple[str, str], dict]:
+    """Parse es-en.data → {(lemma, pos): {gender, english, exampleES, exampleEN}}.
+
+    A single `_____`-delimited block can hold multiple `pos:` sub-entries
+    for the same lemma (e.g. `rojo` is both an adjective ("red") and a
+    masculine noun ("a red one"); `mano` has two noun senses with different
+    genders). We commit each sub-entry when we see the next `pos:` line, so
+    `(lemma, pos)` pairs don't get clobbered by later same-block sub-entries.
+    First-sense-wins on duplicate keys, which aligns with Wiktionary listing
+    the most-common meaning first.
+    """
+    entries: dict[tuple[str, str], dict] = {}
+    lemma = pos = gender = english = ex_es = ex_en = None
+    next_is_lemma = False
+
+    def commit_subentry() -> None:
+        nonlocal pos, gender, english, ex_es, ex_en
+        if lemma and pos and english:
+            key = (lemma, pos)
+            if key not in entries:
+                entries[key] = {
+                    "gender": gender,
+                    "english": english,
+                    "exampleES": ex_es,
+                    "exampleEN": ex_en,
+                }
+        pos = gender = english = ex_es = ex_en = None
+
+    def reset_entry() -> None:
+        nonlocal lemma
+        commit_subentry()
+        lemma = None
+
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        for raw in fh:
+            line = raw.rstrip("\n")
+            stripped = line.lstrip()
+            if stripped == "_____":
+                reset_entry()
+                next_is_lemma = True
+                continue
+            if next_is_lemma:
+                lemma = stripped
+                next_is_lemma = False
+                continue
+            if stripped.startswith("pos: "):
+                # Starting a new sub-entry for the current lemma; commit the
+                # previous sub-entry's state before resetting.
+                commit_subentry()
+                pos = stripped[5:].strip()
+            elif stripped.startswith("g: "):
+                gender = stripped[3:].strip()
+            elif stripped.startswith("gloss: "):
+                if english is None:
+                    english = stripped[7:].strip()
+            elif stripped.startswith("ex: "):
+                if ex_es is None:
+                    ex_es = stripped[4:].strip()
+            elif stripped.startswith("eng: "):
+                if ex_en is None:
+                    ex_en = stripped[5:].strip()
+    reset_entry()
+    return entries
+
+
+def normalize_gender(g: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """Reduce Wiktionary gender codes to {m, f, m/f, None}.
+
+    `mp` (masculine plural) / `fp` (feminine plural) are inherently-plural
+    nouns (gafas, pantalones); they don't fit the singular el/la drill cleanly
+    in v1, so we drop them here and the entry is filtered out upstream.
+    """
+    if not g:
+        return None
+    g = g.strip()
+    if g in ("m", "f"):
+        return g
+    if g in ("mf", "m/f", "m, f", "f, m"):
+        return "m/f"
+    return None
+
+
+def build(args) -> None:
+    cache = Path(args.cache_dir).expanduser()
+    paths = {name: fetch(name, url, cache) for name, url in FILES.items()}
+
+    print(
+        f"Reading frequency.csv (top {args.max_nouns} nouns, "
+        f"top {args.max_adjectives} adjectives) ...",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    rows = load_frequency(paths["frequency.csv"], keep_pos=JOIN_POS)
+    nouns = [r for r in rows if r["pos"] == "n"][: args.max_nouns]
+    adjs = [r for r in rows if r["pos"] == "adj"][: args.max_adjectives]
+    print(f"  candidates: {len(nouns)} nouns, {len(adjs)} adjectives", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    print("Parsing es-en.data ...", file=sys.stderr)
+    es_en = load_es_en(paths["es-en.data"])
+    print(f"  {len(es_en)} (lemma, pos) entries", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    skipped_no_entry = 0
+    skipped_no_english = 0
+    skipped_no_gender = 0
+    for source_rows in (nouns, adjs):
+        for r in source_rows:
+            short_pos = r["pos"]
+            output_pos = OUTPUT_POS[short_pos]
+            entry = es_en.get((r["lemma"], short_pos))
+            if not entry:
+                skipped_no_entry += 1
+                continue
+            english = entry.get("english")
+            if not english:
+                skipped_no_english += 1
+                continue
+            gender = normalize_gender(entry.get("gender")) if short_pos == "n" else None
+            if short_pos == "n" and gender is None:
+                # Drill needs gender; if Wiktionary doesn't have it, skip.
+                skipped_no_gender += 1
+                continue
+            out.append({
+                "baseForm":      r["lemma"],
+                "english":       english,
+                "partOfSpeech":  output_pos,
+                "gender":        gender,
+                "frequencyRank": r["rank"],
+                "exampleES":     entry.get("exampleES"),
+                "exampleEN":     entry.get("exampleEN"),
+            })
+
+    out.sort(key=lambda e: e["frequencyRank"])
+
+    out_path = Path(args.output).expanduser()
+    out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(out_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        json.dump(out, fh, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"))
+        fh.write("\n")
+
+    noun_count = sum(1 for e in out if e["partOfSpeech"] == "noun")
+    adj_count = sum(1 for e in out if e["partOfSpeech"] == "adjective")
+    print(
+        f"Wrote {out_path}  —  {noun_count} nouns, {adj_count} adjectives "
+        f"({len(out)} total, {out_path.stat().st_size:,} bytes)",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    print(
+        f"  skipped: no es-en entry={skipped_no_entry}, "
+        f"no english={skipped_no_english}, "
+        f"no gender={skipped_no_gender}",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    here = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--max-nouns", type=int, default=1500)
+    parser.add_argument("--max-adjectives", type=int, default=600)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output",
+        default=str(here / ".." / ".." / "Conjuga" / "vocab_lexemes.json"),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cache-dir",
+        default=str(here / ".cache" / DOOZAN_COMMIT[:8]),
+    )
+    build(parser.parse_args())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

Conjuga/SharedModels/Sources/SharedModels/Book.swift

@@ -44,15 +44,24 @@ public final class Book {
 }
 
 /// One glossary entry: a word's dictionary base form, English meaning, and
-/// part of speech, translated in the book's context at import time.
+/// part of speech, translated in the book's context at import time. `gender`
+/// is populated by the glossary pipeline for nouns ("m"/"f"/"m/f"); nil for
+/// non-nouns or when the pipeline hasn't been re-run yet.
 public struct WordGloss: Codable, Hashable, Sendable {
     public let baseForm: String
     public let english: String
     public let partOfSpeech: String
+    public let gender: String?
 
-    public init(baseForm: String, english: String, partOfSpeech: String) {
+    public init(
+        baseForm: String,
+        english: String,
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        gender: String? = nil
+    ) {
         self.baseForm = baseForm
         self.english = english
         self.partOfSpeech = partOfSpeech
+        self.gender = gender
     }
 }

Conjuga/SharedModels/Sources/SharedModels/Lexeme.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+
+/// A non-verb vocabulary item harvested from the books pipeline's per-book
+/// glossary. Verbs keep their own richer `Verb` model — `Lexeme` covers
+/// nouns, adjectives, etc. so the flashcard study modes can drill the grammar
+/// that's specific to each part of speech.
+///
+/// Identity is `"<sourceBookSlug>:<partOfSpeech>:<baseForm>"`; the seeder
+/// dedupes on `(partOfSpeech, baseForm)` across books and keeps the first-
+/// seen source. Lives in the LOCAL reference-data store (same place as
+/// `Book`/`BookChapter`), not the cloud container.
+@Model
+public final class Lexeme {
+    @Attribute(.unique) public var id: String = ""
+    public var partOfSpeech: String = ""
+    public var baseForm: String = ""
+    public var english: String = ""
+    /// For nouns: "m", "f", or "m/f". Nil for non-nouns or when unknown.
+    /// The curated catalog (`vocab_lexemes.json` from doozan/spanish_data)
+    /// emits Wiktionary-sourced gender; `Lexeme.inferGender` provides a
+    /// morphology fallback if a different seeder ever lands a noun without
+    /// one.
+    public var gender: String? = nil
+    /// Source tag — `"catalog"` for entries from `vocab_lexemes.json`, or a
+    /// book slug for legacy book-glossary-derived entries. Used to keep
+    /// catalog refreshes from wiping book-personal additions later.
+    public var sourceBookSlug: String = ""
+    /// 1-based rank in the source frequency list (lower = more common).
+    /// 0 means unknown/unranked. `LexemePool` sorts fresh cards by this so
+    /// the most-useful words surface first.
+    public var frequencyRank: Int = 0
+    /// Optional example sentence pair, shown below the answer in Recall
+    /// mode. Sourced from Wiktionary's `ex:`/`eng:` lines when available.
+    public var exampleES: String? = nil
+    public var exampleEN: String? = nil
+
+    public init(
+        id: String,
+        partOfSpeech: String,
+        baseForm: String,
+        english: String,
+        gender: String? = nil,
+        sourceBookSlug: String = "",
+        frequencyRank: Int = 0,
+        exampleES: String? = nil,
+        exampleEN: String? = nil
+    ) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.partOfSpeech = partOfSpeech
+        self.baseForm = baseForm
+        self.english = english
+        self.gender = gender
+        self.sourceBookSlug = sourceBookSlug
+        self.frequencyRank = frequencyRank
+        self.exampleES = exampleES
+        self.exampleEN = exampleEN
+    }
+
+    public static func makeID(sourceBookSlug: String, partOfSpeech: String, baseForm: String) -> String {
+        "\(sourceBookSlug):\(partOfSpeech):\(baseForm)"
+    }
+
+    /// Best-effort gender from Spanish morphology. Used as a fallback when
+    /// the glossary pipeline hasn't emitted a `gender` field yet. Conservative:
+    /// returns nil for ambiguous endings rather than guessing wrong.
+    ///
+    /// - `-ción/-sión/-dad/-tad/-tud/-umbre/-ez/-anza` → feminine
+    /// - `-aje/-or` → masculine
+    /// - `-ma/-pa/-ta` → nil (Greek-origin masculines mix with regular -a feminines)
+    /// - `-a` (other) → feminine
+    /// - `-o` → masculine
+    /// - everything else → nil
+    public static func inferGender(forBaseForm baseForm: String) -> String? {
+        let s = baseForm.lowercased()
+        if s.hasSuffix("ción") || s.hasSuffix("sión") || s.hasSuffix("dad") ||
+            s.hasSuffix("tad") || s.hasSuffix("tud") || s.hasSuffix("umbre") ||
+            s.hasSuffix("ez") || s.hasSuffix("anza") {
+            return "f"
+        }
+        if s.hasSuffix("aje") || s.hasSuffix("or") {
+            return "m"
+        }
+        if s.hasSuffix("ma") || s.hasSuffix("pa") || s.hasSuffix("ta") {
+            return nil
+        }
+        if s.hasSuffix("a") { return "f" }
+        if s.hasSuffix("o") { return "m" }
+        return nil
+    }
+}

Conjuga/SharedModels/Sources/SharedModels/LexemeLevel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// CEFR-style level for a `Lexeme`, derived from its `frequencyRank`. Lets
+/// users gate noun/adjective flashcard sessions by level via a Settings
+/// toggle. Cutoffs follow the standard Spanish-frequency-dictionary
+/// convention (Davies; RAE CEFR-aligned lists).
+///
+/// Note: SRS is *not* level-gated. Disabling a level only stops *new*
+/// cards from that band entering the session pool — already-studied cards
+/// keep coming back on their SM-2 schedule regardless. See
+/// `LexemePool.sessionLexemes` for where the filter is applied.
+public enum LexemeLevel: String, Codable, Hashable, CaseIterable, Sendable {
+    case a1, a2, b1, b2, c1
+
+    /// 1-based frequency rank range. `c1` is open-ended on the high end so
+    /// any far-tail entry has a level even if the catalog later expands.
+    public var rankRange: ClosedRange<Int> {
+        switch self {
+        case .a1: return 1...250
+        case .a2: return 251...500
+        case .b1: return 501...1000
+        case .b2: return 1001...2000
+        case .c1: return 2001...Int.max
+        }
+    }
+
+    public var displayName: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .a1: return "A1 — Beginner"
+        case .a2: return "A2 — Elementary"
+        case .b1: return "B1 — Intermediate"
+        case .b2: return "B2 — Upper-intermediate"
+        case .c1: return "C1+ — Advanced"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The level containing this frequency rank. Rank 0 (unranked) falls
+    /// into `c1` — better to include unknown-rank lexemes when only the
+    /// top end is on than silently drop them.
+    public static func level(forRank rank: Int) -> LexemeLevel {
+        guard rank > 0 else { return .c1 }
+        for level in LexemeLevel.allCases where level.rankRange.contains(rank) {
+            return level
+        }
+        return .c1
+    }
+}

Conjuga/SharedModels/Sources/SharedModels/SharedStore.swift

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ public enum SharedStore {
             TenseGuide.self, CourseDeck.self, VocabCard.self,
             TextbookChapter.self, DownloadedVideo.self,
             Book.self, BookChapter.self,
+            Lexeme.self,
         ]
     }
 }

Conjuga/project.yml

@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ targets:
         buildPhase: resources
       - path: Conjuga/textbook_vocab.json
         buildPhase: resources
+      - path: Conjuga/book_olly-vol2.json
+        buildPhase: resources
+      - path: Conjuga/vocab_lexemes.json
+        buildPhase: resources
     info:
       path: Conjuga/Info.plist
       properties: