diff --git a/Conjuga/Conjuga.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/Conjuga/Conjuga.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj index 2099abe..7e46e6f 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Conjuga.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj +++ b/Conjuga/Conjuga.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj @@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ B4603AA6EFB134794AA39BF4 /* LyricsLibraryView.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = FC2B1F646394D7C03493F1BF /* LyricsLibraryView.swift */; }; B73F6EED00304B718C6FEFFA /* GrammarExerciseView.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 1F71CA5CD67342F18319DB9A /* GrammarExerciseView.swift */; }; BB48230C3B26EA6E84D2D823 /* DailyProgressRing.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 180F9D59828C36B44A5E384F /* DailyProgressRing.swift */; }; + BC662C36AC503E00A977CEC1 /* VocabGridTests.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 6584E0FDA939E3B82EECA4B5 /* VocabGridTests.swift */; }; BF0832865857EFDA1D1CDEAD /* SharedModels in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = BCCBABD74CADDB118179D8E9 /* SharedModels */; }; C0BAEF49A6270D8F64CF13D6 /* PracticeViewModel.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = C359C051FB157EF447561405 /* PracticeViewModel.swift */; }; C1F84182F12EB5CFF32768B6 /* MainTabView.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 5983A534E4836F30B5281ACB /* MainTabView.swift */; }; @@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ 5E7EF4161C73AAC67B3A0004 /* WeekTestView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = WeekTestView.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; 626873572466403C0288090D /* QuizType.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = QuizType.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; 631DC0A942DD57C81DECE083 /* DeckStudyView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = DeckStudyView.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; + 6584E0FDA939E3B82EECA4B5 /* VocabGridTests.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; includeInIndex = 1; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = VocabGridTests.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; 69D98E1564C6538056D81200 /* TenseEndingTable.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = TenseEndingTable.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; 6B9A9F2AB21895E06989A4D5 /* FlashcardView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = FlashcardView.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; 70960F0FD7509310B3F61C48 /* LyricsSearchView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = LyricsSearchView.swift; sourceTree = ""; }; @@ -526,6 +528,7 @@ CEEA84E15880A9D56DE18F33 /* TextbookFlowUITests.swift */, 8A630C74D28CE1B280C9F296 /* AllChaptersScreenshotTests.swift */, 8F08E1DC6932D9EA1D380913 /* StemChangeToggleTests.swift */, + 6584E0FDA939E3B82EECA4B5 /* VocabGridTests.swift */, ); name = ConjugaUITests; path = ConjugaUITests; @@ -802,6 +805,7 @@ 96A3E5FA8EC63123D97365E1 /* TextbookFlowUITests.swift in Sources */, F7E459C46F25A8A45D7E0DFB /* AllChaptersScreenshotTests.swift in Sources */, 1B0B3B2C771AD72E25B3493C /* StemChangeToggleTests.swift in Sources */, + BC662C36AC503E00A977CEC1 /* VocabGridTests.swift in Sources */, ); runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0; }; diff --git a/Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/DataLoader.swift b/Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/DataLoader.swift index dbb8ae3..f3cd2d2 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/DataLoader.swift +++ b/Conjuga/Conjuga/Services/DataLoader.swift @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ actor DataLoader { static let courseDataVersion = 7 static let courseDataKey = "courseDataVersion" - static let textbookDataVersion = 8 + static let textbookDataVersion = 9 static let textbookDataKey = "textbookDataVersion" /// Quick check: does the DB need seeding or course data refresh? @@ -426,6 +426,17 @@ actor DataLoader { if let src = b["sourceImage"] { out["sourceImage"] = src } if let lines = b["ocrLines"] { out["ocrLines"] = lines } if let conf = b["ocrConfidence"] { out["ocrConfidence"] = conf } + // Paired Spanish→English cards from the bounding-box extractor. + if let cards = b["cards"] as? [[String: Any]], !cards.isEmpty { + let normalized: [[String: Any]] = cards.compactMap { c in + guard let front = c["front"] as? String, + let back = c["back"] as? String else { return nil } + return ["front": front, "back": back] + } + if !normalized.isEmpty { + out["cards"] = normalized + } + } case "exercise": exerciseCount += 1 if let exId = b["id"] { out["exerciseId"] = exId } diff --git a/Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Course/TextbookChapterView.swift b/Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Course/TextbookChapterView.swift index f2e8f7c..0ad945f 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Course/TextbookChapterView.swift +++ b/Conjuga/Conjuga/Views/Course/TextbookChapterView.swift @@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ struct TextbookChapterView: View { private func vocabTableView(_ block: TextbookBlock) -> some View { let expanded = expandedVocab.contains(block.index) + let cards = block.cards ?? [] let lines = block.ocrLines ?? [] + let itemCount = cards.isEmpty ? lines.count : cards.count return VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) { Button { if expanded { expandedVocab.remove(block.index) } else { expandedVocab.insert(block.index) } @@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ struct TextbookChapterView: View { HStack { Image(systemName: expanded ? "chevron.down" : "chevron.right") .font(.caption) - Text("Vocabulary (\(lines.count) items)") + Text("Vocabulary (\(itemCount) items)") .font(.subheadline.weight(.medium)) .foregroundStyle(.primary) Spacer() @@ -102,14 +104,20 @@ struct TextbookChapterView: View { .buttonStyle(.plain) if expanded { - VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) { - ForEach(Array(lines.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { _, line in - Text(line) - .font(.callout.monospaced()) - .foregroundStyle(.secondary) + if cards.isEmpty { + // Fallback: no paired cards available — show raw OCR lines. + VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) { + ForEach(Array(lines.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { _, line in + Text(line) + .font(.callout.monospaced()) + .foregroundStyle(.secondary) + } } + .padding(.leading, 14) + } else { + vocabGrid(cards: cards) + .padding(.leading, 14) } - .padding(.leading, 14) } } .padding(10) @@ -117,6 +125,22 @@ struct TextbookChapterView: View { .background(Color.orange.opacity(0.08), in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)) } + @ViewBuilder + private func vocabGrid(cards: [TextbookVocabPair]) -> some View { + Grid(alignment: .leading, horizontalSpacing: 16, verticalSpacing: 6) { + ForEach(Array(cards.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { _, card in + GridRow { + Text(card.front) + .font(.callout) + .foregroundStyle(.primary) + Text(card.back) + .font(.callout) + .foregroundStyle(.secondary) + } + } + } + } + private func exerciseLinkView(_ block: TextbookBlock) -> some View { NavigationLink(value: TextbookExerciseDestination( chapterId: chapter.id, diff --git a/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_data.json b/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_data.json index d67c3f0..6442077 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_data.json +++ b/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_data.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"courseName": "Complete Spanish Step-by-Step", "totalChapters": 30, "totalExercises": 251, "totalVocabTables": 931, "totalVocabCards": 1104, "parts": {"1": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], "2": [10, 11, 12, 13], "3": [14, 15], "4": [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21], "5": [22, 23, 24], "6": [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]}, "chapters": [{"id": "ch1", "number": 1, "title": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun is a person, place, or thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the definite article (English the) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural): el, la, los, las."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Nouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The masculine singular noun takes the definite article el."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most nouns that end in -o are masculine. Pronounce the following words aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amigo", "el banco", "el baño", "el carro", "el gato", "el hermano", "the friend", "the bank", "the bathroom", "the car", "the cat", "the brother", "el libro", "el muchacho", "el niño", "el perro", "el teléfono", "el vino", "the book", "the boy", "the little boy, the child", "the dog", "the telephone", "the wine"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 3, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Many masculine nouns do not end in -o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el animal", "el café", "el doctor", "el hombre", "the animal", "the coffee", "the doctor", "the man", "el hospital", "el hotel", "el tomate", "el tren", "the hospital", "the hotel", "the tomato", "the train"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 3, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some masculine nouns end in -a or -ma."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el clima", "el día", "el drama", "el idioma", "el mapa", "the climate", "the day", "the drama", "the language", "the map", "el planeta", "el poema", "el problema", "el programa", "el sistema", "the planet", "the poem", "the problem", "the program", "the system"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The feminine singular noun takes the definite article la."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most nouns that end in -a are feminine. Pronounce the following words aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la amiga", "la blusa", "la bolsa", "la cama", "la casa", "la cerveza", "la comida", "la hermana", "la iglesia", "the friend", "the blouse", "the bag", "the bed", "the house", "the beer", "the meal", "the sister", "the church", "la lámpara", "la mesa", "la muchacha", "la niña", "la persona", "la planta", "la silla", "la tienda", "la ventana", "the lamp", "the table", "the girl", "the little girl", "the person", "the plant", "the chair", "the store", "the window"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 18, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nouns that end in -ción, -sión, -dad, -tad, or -tud are feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la canción", "la conversación", "la invitación", "la lección", "la ilusión", "the song", "the conversation", "the invitation", "the person", "the illusion", "la televisión", "la ciudad", "la verdad", "la amistad", "la actitud", "the television", "the city", "the truth", "the friendship", "the attitude"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A few nouns that end in -o are feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la foto", "la mano", "la radio", "the photograph", "the hand", "the radio"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with its article."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la clase", "la flor", "la luz", "the class", "the flower", "the light", "la mujer", "la piel", "la suerte", "the woman", "the skin", "the luck"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.1", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans1", "instruction": "Write the appropriate masculine or feminine form of the definite article for each of the following nouns. As you write the answer, make sure you know the meaning of the word.", "extra": ["A noun ending in -ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.", "A noun ending in -nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": ["1.", "2.", "3.", "5.", "9.", "10.", "amigo", "hombre", "- casa", "luz", "hotel", "hermano", "ciudad", "carro", "tomate", "cerveza", "11.", "12.", "13.", "14.", "15.", "16.", "17.", "18.", "19.", "20.", "• persona", "canción", "teléfono", "muchacho", "flor", "mujer", "baño", "_ vino", "_ comida", "conversaciór", "la canción", "la conversación", "la invitación", "la lección", "la ilusión", "the song", "the conversation", "the invitation", "the lesson", "the illusion", "la televisión", "la ciudad", "la verdad", "la amistad", "la actitud", "the television", "the city", "the truth", "the friendship", "the attitude", "la foto", "la mano", "la radio", "the photograph", "the hand", "the radio", "Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important", "to learn each noun with its article.", "la clase", "la flor", "la luz.", "the class", "the flower", "the light", "la mujer", "la piel", "la suerte", "the woman", "the skin", "the luck", "• Exercise 1.1", "Write the appropriate masculine or feminine form of the definite article for", "each of the following nouns. As you write the answer, make sure you know", "the meaning of the word", "el artista", "la artista", "el dentista", "la dentista", "the (male) artist", "the (female) artist", "the (male) dentist", "the (female) dentist", "el pianista", "la pianista", "el taxista", "la taxista", "the (male) pianist", "the (female) pianist", "the (male) cabdriver", "the (female) cabdriver", "el cantante", "la cantante", "el estudiante", "la estudiante", "el gerente", "la gerente", "el presidente", "la presidente", "the (male) singer", "the (female) singer", "the (male) student", "the (female) student", "the (male) manager", "the (female) manager", "the (male) president", "the (female) president"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.1 1. el 2. el 3. la 4. la 5. el 6. el 7. la 8. el 9. el 10. la 11. la 12. la 13. el 14. el 15. la 16. la 17. el 18. el 19. la 20. la", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el 2. el 3. la 4. la 5. el 6. el 7. la 8. el 9. el 10. la 11. la 12. la 13. el 14. el 15. la 16. la 17. el 18. el 19. la 20. la"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Nouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article los."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "el día", "_ hermano", "el libro", "_ muchacho", "el perro", "el problema", "Plural", "los días", "los hermanos", "los libros", "los muchachos", "los perros", "los problemas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds -es."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el animal", "el doctor", "el hospital", "el hotel", "el tren", "los animales", "los doctores", "los hospitales", "los hoteles", "los trenes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la bolsa", "la lámpara", "la niña", "- persona", "la tienda", "la ventana", "las bolsas", "las lámparas", "las niñas", "las personas", "las tiendas", "las ventanas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds -es."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la canción", "la ciudad", "la flor", "la invitación", "la lección", "la mujer", "las canciones", "las ciudades", "las flores", "las invitaciones", "las lecciones", "las mujeres"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.2", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans2", "instruction": "Write the plural form of each of the following singular nouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. e idioma", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. a uz"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "el hotel", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. e idioma", "los hoteles", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. a uz", "el cantante", "la cantante", "el estudiante", "la estudiante", "el gerente", "la gerente", "el presidente", "la presidente", "the (male) singer", "the (female) singer", "the (male) student", "the (female) student", "the (male) manager", "the (female) manager", "the (male) president", "the (female) president", "Plural Nouns", "Masculine", "A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes", "the definite article los.", "Singular", "el día", "el hermano", "el libro", "el muchacho", "el perro", "el problema", "Plural", "los días", "los hermanos", "los libros", "los muchachos", "los perros", "los problemas", "el animal", "el doctor", "el hospital", "el tren", "los animales", "los doctores", "los hospitales", "los trenes"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "los animales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "las amistades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los teléfonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las ventanas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los doctores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "las ciudades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "las bolsas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las mesas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los idiomas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "las plantas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "las flores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "los perros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "las ilusiones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "las clases", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "las lecciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "los taxistas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "las lámparas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "las luces", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.2 1. los animales 2. las amistades 3. los teléfonos 4. los trenes 5. las ventanas 6. los doctores 7. las ciudades 8. las bolsas 9. las mesas 10. los idiomas 11. las plantas 12. las flores 13. los perros 14. las ilusiones 15. las clases 16. las lecciones 17. los taxistas 18. las lámparas 19. las sillas 20. las luces", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "los animales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "las amistades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los teléfonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las ventanas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los doctores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "las ciudades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "las bolsas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las mesas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los idiomas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "las plantas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "las flores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "los perros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "las ilusiones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "las clases", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "las lecciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "los taxistas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "las lámparas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "las luces", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. los animales 2. las amistades 3. los teléfonos 4. los trenes 5. las ventanas 6. los doctores 7. las ciudades 8. las bolsas 9. las mesas 10. los idiomas 11. las plantas 12. las flores 13. los perros 14. las ilusiones 15. las clases 16. las lecciones 17. los taxistas 18. las lámparas 19. las sillas 20. las luces"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Indefinite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in the following lists aloud. By learning these nouns, you are building your vocabulary."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Indefinite Articles"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "un amigo", "un baño", "un carro", "un espejo", "un gato", "Feminine", "una amiga", "una biblioteca", "una ciudad", "una idea", "una librería", "a (male) friend", "a bathroom", "a car", "a mirror", "a cat", "a (female) friend", "a library", "a city", "an idea", "a bookstore", "a suitcase", "un jardín", "un museo", "un pianista", "un sillón", "un tiquete", "una mujer", "una página", "una persona", "una pluma", "a garden", "a museum", "a (male) pianist", "an armchair", "a ticket", "a woman", "a page", "a person (male or", "female)", "a pen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 7, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Indefinite Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish plural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a feminine plural noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["unos barcos", "some boats", "unos gatos", "some cats", "unos idiomas", "unos libros", "some languages", "some books"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 8, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0008-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["unas artistas", "unas casas", "unas conversaciones", "las flores", "some (female) artists", "some houses", "some conversations", "some flowers"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 8, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.3", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following nouns into English. Remember to practice pronouncing the words.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. el idioma", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. la luz"], "ocrLines": ["1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15 la for", "Feminine", "A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the", "definite article las.", "la bolsa", "la lámpara", "la niña", "la persona", "la tienda", "la ventana", "las bolsas", "las lámparas", "las niñas", "las personas", "las tiendas", "las ventanas", "la canción", "la ciudad", "la flor", "la invitación", "la lección", "la mujer", "las canciones", "las ciudades", "las flores", "las invitaciones", "las lecciones", "las mujeres", "& Exercise 1.2", "Write the plural form of each of the following singular nouns.", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "EXAMPLE", "el hotel", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. el idioma", "los hoteles", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. la luz", "The Indefinite Article", "The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a", "masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in", "the following lists aloud. By learning these nouns, you are building your", "vocabulary.", "Singular Indefinite Articles"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "the book", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "the page", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "the house", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "the flowers", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "the bathroom", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "the wine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "the boy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "the brother", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "the library", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "the coffee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "the train", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "the planet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "the (male) dentist", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "the garden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "the flower", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "the beer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "the plant", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "the friendship", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "the truth", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "the luck", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "the (male) manager", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "the store", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "the window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "a museum", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "a mirror", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "a bookstore", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "a pen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "a lesson", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "an idea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "a suitcase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "the armchair", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "the friends", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.3 1. the book 2. the page 3. the house 4. the flowers 5. the bathroom 6. the wine 7. the boy 8. the brother 9. the library 10. the coffee 11. the train 12. the planet 13. the (male) dentist 14. the garden 15. the flower 16. the beer 17. the plant 18. the friendship 19. the truth 20. the luck 21. the (male) manager 22. the store 23. the window 24. a museum 25. a mirror 26. a bookstore 27. a pen 28. a lesson 29. an idea 30. a suitcase 31. the armchair 32. the friends", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "the book", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "the page", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "the house", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "the flowers", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "the bathroom", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "the wine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "the boy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "the brother", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "the library", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "the coffee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "the train", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "the planet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "the (male) dentist", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "the garden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "the flower", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "the beer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "the plant", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "the friendship", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "the truth", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "the luck", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "the (male) manager", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "the store", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "the window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "a museum", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "a mirror", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "a bookstore", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "a pen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "a lesson", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "an idea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "a suitcase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "the armchair", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "the friends", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. the book 2. the page 3. the house 4. the flowers 5. the bathroom 6. the wine 7. the boy 8. the brother 9. the library 10. the coffee 11. the train 12. the planet 13. the (male) dentist 14. the garden 15. the flower 16. the beer 17. the plant 18. the friendship 19. the truth 20. the luck 21. the (male) manager 22. the store 23. the window 24. a museum 25. a mirror 26. a bookstore 27. a pen 28. a lesson 29. an idea 30. a suitcase 31. the armchair 32. the friends"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An adjective is a word that describes a noun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Form of Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the adjective follows the noun it describes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0009-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el libro blanco", "el gato negro", "el carro rojo", "el muchacho simpático", "el hombre hermoso", "the white book", "the black cat", "the red car", "the nice boy", "the handsome man"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 9, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn’t matter what letter ends the adjective, as long as it is not - o."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los colores (The colors)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["amarillo", "anaranjado", "azul", "blanco", "gris", "marrón, pardo", "yellow", "orange", "blue", "white", "gray", "brown", "morado", "moreno", "negro", "rojo", "rosado", "verde", "purple", "brown-skinned", "black", "red", "pink", "green"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Other Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradable", "alegre", "barato", "caro", "débil", "agreeable, pleasant", "happy", "inexpensive", "expensive", "weak", "delgado", "difícil", "estupendo", "excelente", "fácil", "slender", "difficult", "great, terrific", "excellent", "easy"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fantástico", "feliz", "feo", "flaco", "frágil", "fuerte", "gordo", "grande", "guapo", "hermoso", "horrible", "inteligente", "fantastic", "happy", "ugly", "thin", "fragile", "strong", "fat", "big", "handsome,", "beautiful", "beautiful", "horrible", "intelligent", "interesante", "joven", "maravilloso", "pequeño", "pobre", "rico", "simpático", "sincero", "tacaño", "típico", "triste", "viejo", "interesting", "young", "marvelous, wonderful", "little, small", "poor", "rich", "nice", "sincere", "stingy", "typical", "sad", "old"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 11, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.4", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the following Spanish adjective.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el hombre", "2. la situación", "3. el idioma", "4. la persona", "5. la flor -", "6. el jardín.", "7. la muchacha", "8. el vino", "9. el apartamento", "10. el carro", "11. el hotel", "12. el clima", "13. la hermana", "14. el libro", "15. la ciudad", "16. el hombre", "17. el dentista", "1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15. la flor", "18. la bolsa", "19. la ventana", "20. la planta", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos"], "ocrLines": ["1. el hombre", "2. la situación", "3. el idioma", "4. la persona", "5. la flor -", "6. el jardín.", "7. la muchacha", "8. el vino", "9. el apartamento", "10. el carro", "11. el hotel", "12. el clima", "13. la hermana", "14. el libro", "15. la ciudad", "16. el hombre", "17. el dentista", "(old)", "(difficult)", ". (marvelous)", "(nice)", "- (yellow)", "- (beautiful)", "(slender)", "(white)", "(expensive,", "(inexpensive)", "(small)", "(fantastic)", "- (intelligent)", "(interesting)", "(big)", "(rich)", "(young)", "Translate the following nouns into English. Remember to practice", "pronouncing the words.", "1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15. la flor", "18. la bolsa", "19. la ventana", "20. la planta", "- (red)", "- (blue)", "(green)", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "Adjectives", "A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it", "modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it", "describes.", "Singular Form of Adjectives"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "viejo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "difícil", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "maravilloso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "simpática", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "amarilla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hermoso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "delgada", "alternates": ["flaca"]}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "blanco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "caro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "barato", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "pequeño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "fantástico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "inteligente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "rico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "joven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "roja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "azul", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "verde", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.4 1. viejo 2. difícil 3. maravilloso 4. simpática 5. amarilla 6. hermoso 7. delgada {{OR}} flaca 8. blanco 9. caro 10. barato 11. pequeño 12. fantástico 13. inteligente 14. interesante 15. grande 16. rico 17. joven 18. roja 19. azul 20. verde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "viejo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "difícil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "maravilloso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "simpática", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "amarilla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hermoso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "delgada", "alternates": ["flaca"]}, {"number": 8, "answer": "blanco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "caro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "barato", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "pequeño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "fantástico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "inteligente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "rico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "joven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "roja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "azul", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "verde", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. viejo 2. difícil 3. maravilloso 4. simpática 5. amarilla 6. hermoso 7. delgada {{OR}} flaca 8. blanco 9. caro 10. barato 11. pequeño 12. fantástico 13. inteligente 14. interesante 15. grande 16. rico 17. joven 18. roja 19. azul 20. verde"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Form of Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in a vowel add -s to form the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "blanco", "roja", "verde", "excelente", "Plural", "blancos", "rojas", "verdes", "excelentes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in a consonant add -es to form the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["gris", "fácil", "joven", "marrón", "grises", "fáciles", "jóvenes", "marrones"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Review each singular and plural form as you pronounce the following nouns and the adjectives that describe them."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "el libro blanco", "el tomate rojo", "el hombre hermoso", "el baño verde", "el barco marrón", "el tren gris", "el tiquete caro", "Plural", "los libros blancos", "los tomates rojos", "los hombres hermosos", "los baños verdes", "los barcos marrones", "los trenes grises", "los tiquetes caros"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la casa blanca", "la persona simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "las casas blancas", "las personas simpáticas", "las mujeres hermosas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0013-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la comida excelente", "la lección fácil", "la muchacha fuerte", "la tienda vieja", "las comidas excelentes", "las lecciones fáciles", "las muchachas fuertes", "las tiendas viejas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 13, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.5", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans5", "instruction": "Write the plural form of each of the following noun and adjective phrases.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven"], "ocrLines": ["1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven", "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine", "noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the", "adjective follows the noun it describes.", "el libro blanco", "the white book", "el gato negro", "the black cat", "el carro rojo", "the red car", "el muchacho simpático", "the nice boy", "el hombre hermoso", "the handsome man", "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine", "noun.", "la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman", "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both", "masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn't matter what letter ends the", "adjective, as long as it is not -o.", "Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "las lámparas azules", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los amigos fantásticos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los perros grises", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "las cervezas negras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "los vinos rosados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "las personas fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "los días maravillosos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "las luces verdes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las ciudades pequeñas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los muchachos jóvenes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.5 1. las lámparas azules 2. los amigos fantásticos 3. los perros grises 4. las cervezas negras 5. los vinos rosados 6. las personas fuertes 7. los días maravillosos 8. las luces verdes 9. las ciudades pequeñas 10. los muchachos jóvenes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "las lámparas azules", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los amigos fantásticos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los perros grises", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "las cervezas negras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "los vinos rosados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "las personas fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "los días maravillosos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "las luces verdes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las ciudades pequeñas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los muchachos jóvenes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. las lámparas azules 2. los amigos fantásticos 3. los perros grises 4. las cervezas negras 5. los vinos rosados 6. las personas fuertes 7. los días maravillosos 8. las luces verdes 9. las ciudades pequeñas 10. los muchachos jóvenes"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.6", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following phrases into Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. the red tomatoes", "2. the strong men", "3. the thin women", "4. the yellow blouses", "5. the interesting songs", "6. the green planets", "7. the blue windows"], "ocrLines": ["1. the red tomatoes", "2. the strong men", "3. the thin women", "4. the yellow blouses", "5. the interesting songs", "6. the green planets", "7. the blue windows", "& the old hotels", "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine", "noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the", "adjective follows the noun it describes.", "el libro blanco", "the white book", "el gato negro", "the black cat", "el carro rojo", "the red car", "el muchacho simpático", "the nice boy", "el hombre hermoso", "the handsome man", "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine", "noun.", "la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman", "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both", "masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn't matter what letter ends the", "adjective, as long as it is not -o.", "Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "los tomates rojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los hombres fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "las mujeres delgadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "las blusas amarillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las canciones interesantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los planetas verdes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "las ventanas azules", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "los hoteles viejos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.6 1. los tomates rojos 2. los hombres fuertes 3. las mujeres delgadas 4. las blusas amarillas 5. las canciones interesantes 6. los planetas verdes 7. las ventanas azules 8. los hoteles viejos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "los tomates rojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los hombres fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "las mujeres delgadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "las blusas amarillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las canciones interesantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los planetas verdes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "las ventanas azules", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "los hoteles viejos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. los tomates rojos 2. los hombres fuertes 3. las mujeres delgadas 4. las blusas amarillas 5. las canciones interesantes 6. los planetas verdes 7. las ventanas azules 8. los hoteles viejos"}]}]}, {"id": "ch2", "number": 2, "title": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Subject Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "yo", "tú", "I", "él", "you", "The familiar singular form tú", "is used with friends and family;", "its usage varies from country", "to country.", "he", "ella", "she", "usted", "you", "Usted is more formal than tú.", "It is used when meeting people", "for the first time, in business", "situations, and with a person", "you might not know well.", "Its abbreviation is Ud.", "Plural", "nosotros", "we", "vosotros", "you", "The familiar plural form vosotros", "is used only in Spain.", "ellos", "they", "The masculine plural form ellos", "refers to a group of males or to", "a group that includes both males", "and females.", "ellas", "they", "The feminine plural form ellas", "refers to a group that includes", "only females.", "ustedes", "you", "The plural form ustedes is used", "to address more than one person.", "Latin Americans use ustedes for", "the plural of both tú and Ud.", "(since vosotros is used only in", "Spain). Its abbreviation is Uds."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 14, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish. Él and ella refer to people and sometimes to animals, but not to things."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of the verb estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy", "tú estás", "él está", "ella está", "Ud. está", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros estamos", "vosotros estáis", "ellos están", "ellas están", "Uds. están", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 15, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the conjugations of the verb aloud. Notice that él, ella, and Ud. have the same form of the verb (the third-person singular). Notice also that ellos, ellas, and Uds. have the same form of the verb (the third-person plural)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Location"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to describe where something or someone is physically located."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0015-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo estoy en la clase.", "Nosotros estamos en el carro.", "El restaurante está en la ciudad.", "Ellas están en el baño.", "¿Estás tú en el hospital?", "I am in the class.", "We are in the car.", "The restaurant is in the city", "They are in the bathroom.", "Are you in the hospital?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 15, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb, which carries the action of the phrase, is the essential element of the Spanish sentence or question because of the amount of information it contains."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verb Definitions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive is the unconjugated form of the verb. For example, to be is an infinitive in English. The conjugations are the forms of the verb that belong to a particular pronoun or noun subject. I am and he is are examples of conjugations of the infinitive to be."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0016-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Health", "Yo estoy bien, gracias.", "Ella está enferma.", "Los doctores están enfermos.", "¿Cómo están Uds.?", "Estamos bien.", "Changing Mood or Condition", "La muchacha está contenta.", "Estoy feliz.", "Los hombres están cansados.", "Estamos alegres.", "¿Estás enojado?", "I am fine, thanks.", "She is sick.", "The doctors are sick", "How are you?", "We are well.", "The girl is happy.", "1 am happy.", "The men are tired.", "We are happy.", "Are you angry?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 16, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the pronouns yo, tú, and nosotros are omitted. This is possible because estoy can only mean I am, estás means you are whether tú is included or not, and estamos carries the meaning we are."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When estar is used with food, the English equivalent is taste or tastes. When estar is used with appearance, the English equivalent is look or looks."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0016-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La comida está buena.", "El pescado está delicioso.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "Él está guapo.", "The meal is (tastes) good.", "The fish is (tastes) delicious.", "The soup is (tastes) delicious", "She is (looks) pretty today.", "He is (looks) handsome."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 16, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Word Order"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you begin learning the basic structure of the Spanish language, you will discover that the word order of English and Spanish is essentially the same for the material covered in Part I, which includes the basic elements of a sentence."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ cómo?", "¿ dónde?", "¿quién?", "how?", "where!", "who?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aquí, acá", "allí, allá", "here", "there"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegre", "bonito", "bueno", "cansado", "contento", "delicioso", "enfermo", "happy (merry)", "pretty", "good", "tired", "happy (contented)", "delicious", "sick", "enojado", "feliz", "guapo", "hermoso", "lindo", "sabroso", "angry", "happy", "beautiful, handsome", "beautiful, handsome", "pretty", "delicious"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Guapo describes people only; bonito, hermoso, and lindo are used to describe both people and things."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.1", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar. Pay attention to the meaning of each sentence. Then indicate whether the sentence expresses health, location, changing mood, or changing condition.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Daniel ________________ muy cansado hoy. (________________)", "2. El teléfono y el libro ________________ en la mesa. (________________)", "3. La mujer ________________ bien; el hombre ________________ enfermo. (________________)", "4. ¿Cómo ________________ Uds.? (________________)", "5. ¿Dónde ________________ ellos? (________________)", "6. ¿Dónde ________________ el baño, por favor? (________________)", "7. El niño ________________ enojado y la niña ________________ triste. (________________)", "8. Los muchachos ________________ alegres. (________________)", "9. Yo ________________ contento. (________________)", "10. ¿Quién ________________ aquí? (________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros", "estamos", "- en la clase. (-", "location", "La profesora está", "_ enferma. (health)", "la casa blanca", "la persona simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "la comida excelente", "la lección fácil", "la muchacha fuerte", "la tienda vieja", "las casas blancas", "las personas simpáticas", "las mujeres hermosas", "las comidas excelentes", "las lecciones fáciles", "las muchachas fuertes", "las tiendas viejas", "y Exercise 1.5", "Write the plural form of each of the following noun and adjective phrases.", "1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven", "Exercise 1.6", "Translate the following phrases into Spanish."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está (changing condition)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "está, está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está, está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.1 1. está (changing condition) 2. están (location) 3. está, está (health) 4. están (health) 5. están (location) 6. está (location) 7. está, está (changing mood) 8. están (changing mood) 9. estoy (changing mood) 10. está (location)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está (changing condition)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está, está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está, está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está (changing condition) 2. están (location) 3. está, está (health) 4. están (health) 5. están (location) 6. está (location) 7. está, está (changing mood) 8. están (changing mood) 9. estoy (changing mood) 10. está (location)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.2", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I am in the yellow house. Where are you?", "2. The red blouses are in the big store.", "3. The white flower is in the window.", "4. We are in the train.", "5. How are you? I am fine, thanks.", "6. We are tired, and we are happy."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "alternates": ["¿Dónde estás tú?", "¿Dónde están Uds.?"]}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está en la ventana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estamos en el tren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias.", "alternates": ["¿Cómo están Uds.?", "¿Cómo estás tú?"]}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Estamos cansados y estamos contentos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.2 1. Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.? {{OR}} ¿Dónde estás tú? {{OR}} ¿Dónde están Uds.? 2. Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande. 3. La flor blanca está en la ventana. 4. Estamos en el tren. 5. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias. {{OR}} ¿Cómo están Uds.? {{OR}} ¿Cómo estás tú? 6. Estamos cansados y estamos contentos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "alternates": ["¿Dónde estás tú?", "¿Dónde están Uds.?"]}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está en la ventana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estamos en el tren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias.", "alternates": ["¿Cómo están Uds.?", "¿Cómo estás tú?"]}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Estamos cansados y estamos contentos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.? {{OR}} ¿Dónde estás tú? {{OR}} ¿Dónde están Uds.? 2. Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande. 3. La flor blanca está en la ventana. 4. Estamos en el tren. 5. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias. {{OR}} ¿Cómo están Uds.? {{OR}} ¿Cómo estás tú? 6. Estamos cansados y estamos contentos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish verb ser is also equivalent to English to be."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, there is a single verb that means to be. We say, for example:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0018-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["The dog is here. (location)", "The dog is brown. (description)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 18, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb is the same in both cases. But in Spanish, there is a difference, and you have to choose the correct verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo soy", "tú eres", "él es", "ella es", "Ud. es", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros somos", "vosotros sois", "ellos son", "ellas son", "Uds. son", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is used to express seven basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event takes place."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Description"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La casa es roja.", "El libro es azul.", "Los carros son viejos.", "Somos simpáticos.", "¿ Es la flor amarilla?", "The house is red.", "The book is blue.", "The cars are old.", "We are nice.", "Is the flower yellow?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Profession"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo soy estudiante.", "Él es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "Roberto es abogado.", "¿ Eres tú ingeniero?", "I am a student.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers", "We are doctors.", "Robert is a lawyer.", "Are you an engineer?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Unmodified", "Modified", "José es estudiante.", "José es un estudiante fantástico"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De here means from."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ De dónde es Ud.?", "¿ De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿ De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "Where are you from? (sing.)", "Where are you from? (pl.)", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El vino es de Portugal.", "La cerveza es de México.", "El café es de Brazil.", "The wine is from Portugal", "The beer is from Mexico.", "The coffee is from Brazil."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In common English usage, we often end a sentence with a preposition, for example, Where are you from? This never occurs in Spanish; the preposition cannot ever end a sentence, so the preposition, in this case de, is placed in front of the interrogative word dónde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Identification"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Identification specifies characteristics such as relationship, nationality, race, or religion."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Somos amigos.", "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "Pablo es español.", "¿ Eres tú cubano?", "Flla es católica.", "We are friends.", "Joe and Ed are brothers", "Paul is Spanish.", "Are you Cuban?", "She is Catholic"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Material"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De here means of."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La mesa es de madera.", "La bolsa es de plástico.", "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "La casa es de piedra.", "The table is of wood.", "The bag is of plastic.", "The shoes are of leather:", "The windows are of glass", "The house is of stone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Possession or ownership"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["De here means of.", "La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "It's the child's doll.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are María's friends.", "(The friends are of María.)", "The idea is Pedro's", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0021-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends", "(The car is of the friends.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 21, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: The contraction: de + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. Use de (English of) to express possession or ownership. When de (English of) is followed by the masculine el (English the), the words contract to del, meaning of the."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Possessives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that the translations above are not exact. There is no apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter’s car, for example, the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro (the car of Peter). Make sure you understand this concept and use whichever English translation seems clearest to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Where an event takes place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0021-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "The party is (takes place) in Joe's", "house.", "The concert is (takes place) in the club", "The protest is (takes place) in the", "capital."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 21, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The equivalent English translation is take or takes place."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The party takes place at Joe’s house."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The concert takes place at the club."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The protest takes place in the capital."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.3", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser in each blank. Indicate whether the sentence expresses description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, or possession in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El café ________________ de Colombia. (________________)", "2. Ellos ________________ doctores. Ella ________________ profesora. (________________)", "3. ¿De dónde ________________ los turistas? (________________)", "4. Los hermanos de Pablo ________________ simpáticos. (________________)", "5. El hotel viejo ________________ excelente. (________________)", "6. Nosotros ________________ amigos de Raúl. (________________)", "7. Los zapatos ________________ de cuero. (________________)", "8. La mujer y el hombre ________________ de Ecuador. (________________)", "9. Yo ________________ de Puerto Rico. ¿De dónde ________________ Ud.? (________________)", "10. El apartamento ________________ de los estudiantes jóvenes. (________________)", "11. ¿ ________________ tú una estudiante maravillosa? (________________)", "12. Los tomates ________________ verdes y rojos. (________________)", "13. ¿Quién ________________ el presidente de los Estados Unidos? (________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "El hombre", "es", "- guapo. La mujer", "description", "-)", "es", "• guapa también", "event takes place.", "Description", "La casa es roja.", "El libro es azul.", "Los carros son viejos.", "Somos simpáticos.", "¿Es la flor amarilla?", "The house is red.", "The book is blue.", "The cars are old.", "We are nice.", "Is the flower yellow?", "Yo soy estudiante.", "Él es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "Roberto es abogado.", "¿Eres tú ingeniero?", "I am a student.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers.", "We are doctors.", "Robert is a lawyer.", "Are you an engineer?", "Unmodified", "Modified", "José es estudiante.", "José es un estudiante fantástico.", "¿ De dónde es Ud.?", "¿De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿ De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "Where are you from? (sing.)", "Where are you from? (pl.)", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Eres (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.3 1. es (point of origin) 2. son, es (profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (identification) 12. son (description) 13. es (profession)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Eres (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es (point of origin) 2. son, es (profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (identification) 12. son (description) 13. es (profession)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.4", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans4", "instruction": "A. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser. Indicate the reason for your choice in parentheses.", "extra": ["B. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of estar. Indicate the reason for your choice in parentheses.", "C. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of either ser or estar. Indicate the reason for each choice in parentheses."], "prompts": ["1. Helena ________________ de Colombia. (________________)", "2. El hermano de ella ________________ católico. (________________)", "3. Ellos ________________ profesores excelentes. (________________)", "4. Los carros ________________ grises. (________________)", "5. Nosotros ________________ estudiantes. (________________)", "1. San Francisco ________________ en California. (________________)", "2. ¿Cómo ________________ Ud.? Yo ________________ bien. (________________)", "3. El profesor ________________ enfermo. (________________)", "4. Nosotros ________________ en la clase. (________________)", "5. ¿ ________________ tú triste? (________________)", "6. Los perros ________________ en el carro. (________________)", "1. José y Juan ________________ enfermos. (________________)", "2. Tú ________________ abogado. (________________)", "3. La lección ________________ fácil. (________________)", "4. Los estudiantes ________________ en la ciudad. (________________)", "5. ¿Cómo ________________ Uds.? Nosotros ________________ bien, gracias. (________________, ________________)", "6. Ellas ________________ inteligentes. (________________)", "7. ¿Dónde ________________ los doctores? (________________)", "8. El profesor ________________ contento. (________________)", "9. Los espejos en el baño ________________ grandes. (________________)", "10. La mesa, las sillas blancas y la lámpara ________________ en la casa, pero la casa ________________ pequeña. (________________, ________________)", "11. La amiga de Sara ________________ enferma y Sara ________________ triste. (________________, ________________)", "12. Las puertas de la casa ________________ fuertes. (________________)", "13. Los tomates ________________ en la tienda. Los tomates verdes ________________ de California; los tomates rojos ________________ de Guatemala. (________________, ________________, ________________)", "14. ¿De dónde ________________ el vino blanco? (________________)", "15. Los muchachos y las muchachas ________________ en el tren. Ellos ________________ contentos porque ________________ amigos. (________________, ________________, ________________)", "16. ¿Quién ________________ en el baño? (________________)", "17. ¿Dónde ________________ la familia de Fernando? (________________)", "18. Nosotros ________________ contentos porque nosotros ________________ estudiantes excelentes. (________________, ________________)", "19. ¿ ________________ Ud. de Suramérica? Ellos ________________ de España. (________________, ________________)", "20. Julia ________________ alegre porque la fiesta ________________ fantástica. (________________, ________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Yo _", "SOY español. (identification", "Ellos están aquí. (location)", "La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "It's the child's doll.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are María's friends.", "(The friends are of María.)", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man.", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)", "NOTE: The contraction: de + el (of + the) = del. There are only two", "contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. Use de (English", "of) to express possession or ownership. When de (English of) is followed", "by the masculine el (English the), the words contract to del, meaning of", "the.", "You can see that the translations above are not exact. There is no", "apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter's car, for example,", "the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro (the car of Peter). Make", "sure you understand this concept and use whichever English", "translation seems clearest to you.", "Where an event takes place"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "es (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "son (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "somos (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "está, estoy (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "estamos (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "Estás (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 1, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 2, "answer": "eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 3, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 5, "answer": "están (health), estamos (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 6, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 7, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 8, "answer": "está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 9, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 10, "answer": "están (location), es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 11, "answer": "está (health), está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 13, "answer": "están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 14, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 15, "answer": "están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 16, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 17, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 18, "answer": "estamos (changing mood), somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 19, "answer": "Es (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 20, "answer": "está (changing mood), es (description)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.4 A 1. es (point of origin) 2. es (identification) 3. son (profession) 4. son (description) 5. somos (profession)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "es (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "somos (profession)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es (point of origin) 2. es (identification) 3. son (profession) 4. son (description) 5. somos (profession)"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está, estoy (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estamos (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Estás (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está (location) 2. está, estoy (health) 3. está (health) 4. estamos (location) 5. Estás (changing mood) 6. están (location)"}, {"label": "C", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están (health), estamos (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "están (location), es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "está (health), está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "estamos (changing mood), somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Es (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "está (changing mood), es (description)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están (health) 2. eres (profession) 3. es (description) 4. están (location) 5. están (health), estamos (health) 6. son (description) 7. están (location) 8. está (changing mood) 9. son (description) 10. están (location), es (description) 11. está (health), está (changing mood) 12. son (description) 13. están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin) 14. es (point of origin) 15. están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification) 16. está (location) 17. está (location) 18. estamos (changing mood), somos (identification) 19. Es (point of origin), son (point of origin) 20. está (changing mood), es (description)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.5", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans5", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud using the appropriate form of ser or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cómo estás?", "2. ¿Dónde está la hermana de Teresa?", "3. ¿De dónde es Ud.?", "4. ¿Quién está en el carro caro?", "5. ¿Dónde es el concierto?", "6. ¿Está Ud. alegre?", "7. ¿Es fácil la lección?", "8. ¿Dónde están las flores hermosas? ¿De dónde son?", "9. ¿Es grande el apartamento de Tomás?", "10. ¿Estás cansado?", "11. ¿Están los periódicos en la casa de Alicia?", "12. ¿Dónde está el restaurante barato de la ciudad?", "13. ¿Es Ud. de Europa?", "14. ¿Eres estudiante o profesor?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "2.5 Answers will vary. 1. Estoy bien, gracias. 2. Ella está en la casa. 3. Soy de Nueva York. 4. El hombre está en el carro. 5. El concierto es en el parque. 6. Estoy alegre. 7. La lección es difícil. 8. Las flores están en el piso. Son de Florida. 9. El apartamento de Tomás es pequeño. 10. Sí, estoy muy cansado. 11. No, los periódicos no están en la casa de Alicia. 12. Está en la calle once. 13. No, soy de Chicago. 14. Yo soy profesor.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Estoy bien, gracias. 2. Ella está en la casa. 3. Soy de Nueva York. 4. El hombre está en el carro. 5. El concierto es en el parque. 6. Estoy alegre. 7. La lección es difícil. 8. Las flores están en el piso. Son de Florida. 9. El apartamento de Tomás es pequeño. 10. Sí, estoy muy cansado. 11. No, los periódicos no están en la casa de Alicia. 12. Está en la calle once. 13. No, soy de Chicago. 14. Yo soy profesor."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.6", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following letter with the appropriate form of ser or estar.", "extra": ["Queridos amigos,", "¿Cómo ________________ (1.) Uds.? Yo ________________ (2.) aquí en Madrid. La ciudad ________________ (3.) hermosa. El museo del Prado ________________ (4.) en el centro de la ciudad y ________________ (5.) muy interesante. La gente ________________ (6.) simpática y la comida ________________ (7.) deliciosa. Hasta luego."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.6 1. están 2. estoy 3. es 4. está 5. es 6. es 7. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están 2. estoy 3. es 4. está 5. es 6. es 7. es"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "La casa"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mi casa es vieja y grande, con muchas ventanas. Las cortinas en toda la casa son gruesas. Las paredes del interior de la casa son blancas; el exterior es gris. El patio es bonito, con flores todavía. Un espejo antiguo y una mesa de madera fina están en el vestíbulo. El comedor es sencillo, con una mesa y seis sillas; la alfombra es roja y azul marino. La cocina es amplia, con paredes amarillas y gabinetes blancos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La nevera es bastante grande, y la estufa y el horno están limpios. Dos sillones cómodos y un piano están en la sala. Mi alcoba con un baño privado es azul y blanca. Mis libros, mis cuadernos, mis lápices y bolígrafos, mi colección de discos compactos, y mis videos están en el estudio. Hoy es un día hermoso."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres (Nouns)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la alcoba", "la alfombra", "el bolígrafo", "la cocina", "la colección", "el comedor", "la cortina", "el cuaderno", "el espejo", "el estudio", "la estufa", "the bedroom", "the rug", "the ballpoint pen", "the kitchen", "the collection", "the dining room", "the curtain", "the notebook", "the mirror", "the study", "the stove", "el gabinete", "el horno", "el lápiz", "la madera", "la nevera", "la pared", "el patio", "la sala", "el sillón", "el vestíbulo", "el video", "the cabinet", "the oven", "the pencil", "the wood", "the refrigerator", "the wall", "the yard", "the living room", "the easy chair", "the entryway", "the video"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 22, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 25, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos (Adjectives)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["amplio", "antiguo", "azul marino", "cómodo", "fino", "grueso", "ample", "old", "navy blue", "comfortable", "fine, delicate", "thick", "limpio", "mi, mis", "privado", "sencillo", "todo", "clean", "my (sing., pl.)", "private", "simple", "all"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 26, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios (Adverbs)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0026-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bastante", "todavía", "enough", "still"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8896551461055361, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 26, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas (Questions)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es nueva la casa? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Es bonito el día? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Es grande la cocina? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Dónde está el piano? __________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch3", "number": 3, "title": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Hay"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The single Spanish word hay (pronounced like English eye) means there is, there are, is there?, and are there? in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish sentences with hay and English sentences with there is, there are follow the same pattern with regard to the inclusion or omission of definite and indefinite articles. The Spanish definite articles el, la, los, and las (English the) never follow hay."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay una alfombra en la casa.", "Hay un árbol en el jardín.", "Hay dos vasos en la mesa.", "Hay tres libros en el piso.", "There is a rug in the house.", "There is a tree in the garden.", "There are two glasses on the table", "There are three books on the floor"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A question formed with hay uses the same word order as a statement. When written, it carries a question mark at the beginning and end, as all Spanish interrogative sentences do. When spoken, it should be pronounced with a rising intonation."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay una lámpara azul en", "la casa?", "¿ Hay un libro en el baño?", "¿ Hay un hotel en la ciudad?", "¿ Hay una mesa marrón en", "el cuarto?", "Is there a blue lamp in the house?", "Is there a book in the bathroom?", "Is there a hotel in the city?", "Is there a brown table in the room?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When hay is followed by a plural noun, the article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay tigres en el zoológico.", "Hay estrellas en el cielo.", "There are tigers in the 200", "There are stars in the sky."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0028-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay periódicos en esta tienda?", "¿ Hay tomates rojos en este", "mercade", "Are there newspapers in this store!", "Are there red tomatoes in this", "marketp"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 28, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no before hay."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0028-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hay luz en el baño.", "No hay teléfonos aquí.", "No hay revistas en el hotel.", "There is no light in the bathroom.", "There are no telephones here.", "There are no magazines in the hotel"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 28, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.1", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans1", "instruction": "A. Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "B. Translate the following English sentences into Spanish.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Hay una lección fácil en el libro?", "2. No hay cucarachas en el restaurante.", "3. ¿Hay blusas rojas en la tienda?", "4. Hay flores en el balcón del apartamento.", "5. ¿Hay clase hoy?", "6. ¿Hay más preguntas de los estudiantes?", "1. There are many pens on the teacher’s desk.", "2. Is there a doctor in the hospital?", "3. There are two women in the class.", "4. There is no beer in Lisa’s house."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "Is there an easy lesson in the book?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "There are no cockroaches in the restaurant", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "Are there red blouses in the store?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "Is there class today?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 6, "answer": "Are there more questions from the students?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "¿Hay un doctor en el hospital?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "Hay dos mujeres en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.1 A 1. Is there an easy lesson in the book? 2. There are no cockroaches in the restaurant. 3. Are there red blouses in the store? 4. There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment. 5. Is there class today? 6. Are there more questions from the students?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Is there an easy lesson in the book?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "There are no cockroaches in the restaurant", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Are there red blouses in the store?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Is there class today?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Are there more questions from the students?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Is there an easy lesson in the book? 2. There are no cockroaches in the restaurant. 3. Are there red blouses in the store? 4. There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment. 5. Is there class today? 6. Are there more questions from the students?"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Hay un doctor en el hospital?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Hay dos mujeres en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro. 2. ¿Hay un doctor en el hospital? 3. Hay dos mujeres en la clase. 4. No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All interrogative words carry written accents; the accent marks do not affect the pronunciation of the word."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0029-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cómo? How?", "¿ Cómo estás tú.", "¿ Cómo están los muchachos?", "¿ Dónde? Where?", "¿ Dónde está la casa del alcalde?", "¿Dónde estamos?", "¿Quién? (sing.), ¿Quiénes? (pl.) Who?", "¿Quién está aquí?", "¿ Quién es la persona con José?", "¿ Quiénes están en el carro?", "¿ Quiénes son ellos?", "¿Que? What?", "¿ Qué día es hoy?", "¿ Qué libro está en la mesa?", "¿Qué hay en el menú?", "¿Qué? used before ser asks for a definition.", "¿ Qué es comunicación?", "¿Qué es esto?", "¿Qué es filosofía?", "How are you?", "How are the boys?", "Where is the mayor's house:", "Where are we?", "Who is here?", "Who is the person with Joe?", "Who is in the car?", "Who are they?", "What day is today?", "What book is on the table?", "What is there on the menu?", "What is communication?", "What is this?", "What is philosophy?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9714285714285714, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 29, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0029-01a.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Cuál? (sing.), ¿Cuáles? (pl.) Which, which one? Which ones?", "¿Cuál? used immediately before ser asks for a selection or choice from", "among various possibilities.", "¿Cuál es la capital de Perú?", "What (which city) is the capital", "of Peru?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": null, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál es el problema?", "¿Cuál es el nombre de la niña?", "¿Cuáles son los días de la semana?", "What (which problem) is the", "problem?", "What (which name) is the girl's", "name?", "What (which days) are the days", "of the week?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Por qué? Why?", "¿Por qué estamos alegres?", "¿Por qué es azul el cielo?", "¿Cuánto? How much?", "¿Cuánto es?", "¿Cuánto cuesta?", "¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuántos?, ¿Cuántas? How many?", "¿Cuántos gatos hay en la ciudad?", "¿Cuántas estrellas hay en el cielo?", "Why are we happy?", "Why is the sky blue?", "How much is it?", "How much does it cost?", "How much is it worth?", "How many cats are there in", "the city?", "How many stars are there in", "the sku?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuántos and cuántas are adjectives and must agree in gender with the plural nouns they describe."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo? When?", "¿ Cuándo es la fiesta?", "¿Cuándo es el concierto?", "When is the party?", "When is the concert!"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.2", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following questions with the appropriate interrogative word. As you do this exercise, review ser, estar, and hay.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿ ________________ es la bolsa de María, la bolsa roja o la bolsa azul?", "2. ¿ ________________ día es hoy?", "3. ¿ ________________ están los estudiantes?", "4. ¿ ________________ hay muchas personas en el parque hoy?", "5. ¿ ________________ es la mujer con el perro marrón?", "6. ¿ ________________ no hay espejos en el baño de los hombres?", "7. ¿ ________________ libros hay en la librería?", "8. ¿ ________________ están Uds.?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cuál", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Quién", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Cuántos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}], "answerRaw": "3.2 1. Cuál 2. Qué 3. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde 4. Por qué 5. Quién 6. Por qué 7. Cuántos 8. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cuál", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Quién", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Cuántos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cuál 2. Qué 3. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde 4. Por qué 5. Quién 6. Por qué 7. Cuántos 8. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have already learned three of the most common prepositions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0031-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["en", "de", "COn", "in, on", "from, of", "mith"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 31, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can combine these prepositions with an interrogative word to further your ability to ask questions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0031-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿En qué tienda hay muchos", "libros?", "¿En cuál parque hay animales", "exóticos?", "¿ De dónde es el hombre?", "¿De qué color es la mesa?", "¿De quién es la idea fantástica?", "¿Con quién estás?", "In what store are there many books!", "In which park are there exotic", "animals?", "Where is the man from?", "(Of) what color is the table?", "Whose fantastic idea is it?", "(Of whom is the fantastic idea?)", "Whom are you with?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 31, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.3", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following questions with the appropriate preposition.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿ _______ qué ciudad está la estatua de la libertad?", "2. ¿ _______ qué color es la casa grande?", "3. ¿ _______ qué material es la ventana?", "4. ¿ _______ quiénes están Uds.?", "5. ¿ _______ cuáles países hay plazas hermosas?", "6. ¿ _______ quién es el carro caro?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.3 1. En 2. De 3. De 4. Con 5. En 6. De", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. En 2. De 3. De 4. Con 5. En 6. De"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Days of the Week, Months, and Seasons"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los días de la semana (The days of the week)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To refer to a day of the week in English, we say Monday or on Monday. In Spanish, the article el is used with the name of the day to express this idea. Days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el lunes", "el martes", "el miércoles", "el jueves", "el viernes", "el sábado", "el domingo", "Monday, on Monday", "Tuesday, on Tuesday", "Wednesday, on Wednesday", "Thursday, on Thursday", "Friday, on Friday", "Saturday, on Saturday", "Sunday, on Sunday"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the plural of the days of the week, el changes to los and -s is added only to el sábado and el domingo. The names of the days of the week from el lunes to el viernes already end in -s."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los lunes", "los martes", "los miércoles", "los jueves", "los viernes", "los sábados", "los domingos", "Mondays, on Mondays", "Tuesdays, on Tuesdays", "Wednesdays, on Wednesdays", "Thursdays, on Thursdays", "Fridays, on Fridays", "Saturdays, on Saturdays", "Sundays, on Sundays"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay clase los lunes.", "¿ Hay fiestas los sábados?", "¿Dónde está Tomás los domingos?", "El jueves es el día de acción de", "gracias.", "El martes es el día del amor", "y la amistad.", "Estamos en clase los miércoles.", "¿Dónde estás los viernes?", "There is class on Mondays.", "Are there parties on Saturdays?", "Where is Thomas on Sundays?", "Thursday is Thanksgiving Day.", "Tuesday is St. Valentine's Day.", "We are in class on Wednesdays.", "Where are you on Fridays?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los meses (The months)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["enero", "febrero", "marzo", "January", "February", "March", "abril", "mayo", "junio", "April", "May", "lune"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["julio", "agosto", "septiembre", "July", "August", "September", "octubre", "noviembre", "diciembre", "October", "November", "December"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Las estaciones (The seasons)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el verano", "el otoño", "el invierno", "la primavera", "the summer", "the autumn, the fall", "the winter", "the spring time)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Partes del día (Parts of the day)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la mañana", "la tarde", "la noche", "the morning", "the afternoon", "the night, the evening"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Un pueblo colonial"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy, con unos amigos, en Guanajuato, un pueblo ° colonial y antiguo ° en el centro de México. Estamos aquí con los padres de Laura. Laura y yo somos estudiantes de español; la madre de ella es arqueóloga ° y el padre es político. ° Hay una escuela con clases de música, de guitarra, de baile y de historia. Es el verano, el clima es maravilloso y los mexicanos son muy simpáticos. Hay fiestas los viernes y los sábados. Hay muchas clases de lunes a viernes ° también y somos estudiantes serios. ° La madre de Laura está contenta porque hay unas ruinas de los Olmecas ° en el campo. El padre de ella está contento también porque el viaje es tranquilo y relajante. ° Estoy feliz en la casa de piedra en las montañas. Hay música en la mañana, una comida en la tarde y conversación durante ° el día. Todo está bien."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el pueblo town"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° antiguo old, ancient"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la arqueóloga archeologist"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el político politician"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° de lunes a viernes from Monday through Friday"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° serio serious"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° los Olmecas an ancient people of Mexico who disappeared around 600 A.D."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° relajante relaxing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° durante during"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres masculinos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el año", "el árbol", "el ascensor", "el avión", "el bolígrafo", "el bus", "el campo", "el coche", "el cuarto", "el cumpleaños", "el día", "el dinero", "el edificio", "el equipaje", "el hogar", "el jardín", "el lapicero", "the year", "the tree", "the elevator", "the airplane", "the ballpoint pen", "the bus", "the countryside", "the car", "the room", "the birthday", "the day", "the money", "the building", "the baggage", "the home", "the garden", "the ballpoint pen", "el lápiz", "el mensaje", "el mes", "el niño", "el país", "el papel", "el parque", "el periódico", "el piso", "el precio", "el ruido", "el salón", "el sitio", "el sueño", "el teatro", "el tema", "el viaje", "the pencil", "the message", "the month", "the child", "the country", "the paper", "the park", "the newspaper", "the floor", "the price", "the noise", "the classroom", "the place", "the dream", "the theater", "the theme", "the trip"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 34, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 34, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres femeninos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la avenida", "la biblioteca", "la calle", "la camisa", "la carta", "la ciudad", "la cocina", "la cuenta", "la ducha", "la entrada", "la escalera", "la escuela", "la fiesta", "la frase", "la gente", "la guerra", "la habitación", "the avenue", "the library", "the street", "the shirt", "the letter", "the city", "the kitchen", "the check, the bill", "the shower", "the entrance", "the stairs", "the school", "the party", "the sentence", "the people", "the war", "the room", "la hoja", "la librería", "la llave", "la medicina", "la música", "la obra", "la página", "la palabra", "la pared", "la playa", "la pregunta", "la puerta", "la salida", "la salud", "la semana", "la tarea", "la tarjeta", "the leaf", "the bookstore", "the key", "the medicine", "the music", "the play", "the page", "the word", "the wall", "the beach", "the question", "the door", "the exit", "the health", "the week", "the homework", "the postcard"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9926470588235294, "cardCount": 34, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 34, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alto", "amable", "amistoso", "ancho", "bajo", "bello", "cariñoso", "ciego", "corto", "dulce", "duro", "elegante", "emocionante", "especial", "estrecho", "fiel", "tall", "kind", "friendly", "wide", "low, short (in height)", "beautiful", "affectionate", "blind", "short (in length)", "sweet", "hard", "elegant", "exciting", "special", "narrow", "faithful", "flojo", "gracioso", "hondo", "largo", "lento", "libre", "nuevo", "orgulloso", "peligroso", "pesado", "rápido", "raro", "sencillo", "sordo", "suave", "tranquilo", "lax", "amusing", "deep", "long", "slow", "free", "new", "proud", "dangerous", "heavy, dull", "rapid, fast", "strange", "simple", "deaf", "soft", "tranquil"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9609375, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 35, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunciones (Conjunctions)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0035-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mientras", "pero", "while", "or", "but", "porque", "si", "because", "if", "and"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 35, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.4", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans4", "instruction": "You now have a new vocabulary of nouns and adjectives; test how many you recall in the following exercises.", "extra": ["A. Translate the following Spanish phrases into English.", "B. Translate the following English phrases into Spanish. Make sure the adjective agrees with the noun."], "prompts": ["1. el cuarto bello", "2. la persona agradable", "3. la amistad dulce", "4. la obra emocionante", "5. el día lindo", "6. el edificio bajo", "7. el sueño raro", "8. la guerra larga", "9. la avenida ancha", "10. e año nuevo", "1. the affectionate child", "2. the simple homework", "3. the dangerous city", "4. the short person", "5. the short month", "6. the beautiful beach", "7. the friendly woman", "8. the kind man", "9. the narrow avenue", "10. the proud people"], "ocrLines": ["1. el cuarto bello", "2. la persona agradable", "3. la amistad dulce", "4. la obra emocionante", "5. el día lindo", "6. el edificio bajo", "7. el sueño raro", "8. la guerra larga", "9. la avenida ancha", "10. e año nuevo", "el verano", "el otoño", "el invierno", "la primavera", "the summer", "the autumn, the fall", "the winter", "the spring(time)", "Partes del día (Parts of the day)", "la mañana", "the morning", "la tarde", "the afternoon", "la noche", "the night, the evening", "Reading Comprehension", "Un pueblo colonial", "Estoy, con unos amigos, en Guanajuato, un pueblo' colonial y antiguo' en el", "centro de México. Estamos aquí con los padres de Laura. Laura y yo somos", "estudiantes de español; la madre de ella es arqueóloga® y el padre es", "político.® Hay una escuela con clases de música, de guitarra, de baile y de", "historia. Es el verano, el clima es maravilloso у los mexicanos son muy", "simpaticos. Hay fiestas los viernes y los sábados. Hay muchas clases de", "lunes a viernes también y somos estudiantes serios. La madre de Laura", "está contenta porque hay unas ruinas de los Olmecas en el campo. El padre", "de ella está contento también porque el viaje es tranquilo y relajante. Estoy", "feliz en la casa de piedra en las montañas. Hay música en la mañana, una", "comida en la tarde y conversación durante el día. Todo está bien.", "el pueblo town", "'antiguo old, ancient", "°la arqueóloga archeologist", "• el político politician", "de lunes a viernes from Monday through Friday", "serio serious", "1. the affectionate child", "2. the simple homework", "3. the dangerous city", "4. the short person", "5. the short month", "6. the beautiful beach", "7. the friendly woman", "8. the kind man", "9. the narrow avenue", "10. the proud people", "los Olmecas an ancient people of Mexico who disappeared around 600 A.D.", "'relajante relaxing", "•durante during", "el año", "el árbol", "el ascensor", "el avión", "el bolígrafo", "el bus", "el campo", "el coche", "el cuarto", "el cumpleaños", "el día", "el dinero", "el edificio", "el equipaje", "el hogar", "el jardín", "el lapicero", "the year", "the tree", "the elevator", "the airplane", "the ballpoint pen", "the bus", "the countryside", "the car", "the room", "the birthday", "the day", "the money", "the building", "the baggage", "the home", "the garden", "el lápiz", "el mensaje", "el mes", "el niño", "el país", "el papel", "el parque", "el periódico", "el piso", "el precio", "el ruido", "el salón", "el sitio", "el sueño", "el teatro", "el tema", "el viaje", "the pencil", "the message", "the month", "the child", "the country", "the paper", "the park", "the newspaper", "the floor", "the price", "the noise", "the classroom", "the place", "the dream", "the theater", "the theme", "the trip"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "the beautiful room", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "the pleasant person", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "the sweet friendship", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "the exciting play", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "the beautiful day", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 6, "answer": "the low building", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 7, "answer": "the strange dream", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 8, "answer": "the long war", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 9, "answer": "the wide avenue", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 10, "answer": "the new year", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "el niño cariñoso", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "la tarea fácil", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "la ciudad peligrosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "la persona baja", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "el mes corto", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "la playa hermosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 7, "answer": "la mujer amistosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 8, "answer": "el hombre amable", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 9, "answer": "la avenida estrecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 10, "answer": "las personas orgullosas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.4 A 1. the beautiful room 2. the pleasant person 3. the sweet friendship 4. the exciting play 5. the beautiful day 6. the low building 7. the strange dream 8. the long war 9. the wide avenue 10. the new year", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "the beautiful room", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "the pleasant person", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "the sweet friendship", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "the exciting play", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "the beautiful day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "the low building", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "the strange dream", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "the long war", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "the wide avenue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "the new year", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. the beautiful room 2. the pleasant person 3. the sweet friendship 4. the exciting play 5. the beautiful day 6. the low building 7. the strange dream 8. the long war 9. the wide avenue 10. the new year"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el niño cariñoso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la tarea fácil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la ciudad peligrosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la persona baja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el mes corto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "la playa hermosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "la mujer amistosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el hombre amable", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "la avenida estrecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "las personas orgullosas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el niño cariñoso 2. la tarea fácil 3. la ciudad peligrosa 4. la persona baja 5. el mes corto 6. la playa hermosa 7. la mujer amistosa 8. el hombre amable 9. la avenida estrecha 10. las personas orgullosas"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.5", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans5", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud using hay, ser, or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Hay hojas en los árboles en el verano?", "2. ¿Con quiénes estás tú en la escuela?", "3. ¿De qué color es la habitación de Julia?", "4. ¿De quién es el jardín?", "5. ¿En qué tienda hay tomates?", "6. ¿Dónde están las playas bonitas de la ciudad?", "7. ¿Hay perros en el campo?", "8. ¿Qué hay en el agua?", "9. ¿Cuál es la idea del estudiante inteligente?", "10. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "11. ¿Cuál es bella, la paz o la guerra?", "12. ¿Quién está aquí con Ud.?", "13. ¿Dónde está el baño, por favor?", "14. ¿Hay preguntas?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "3.5 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.6", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser, estar, or hay. Be sure to include accent marks when they are needed.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuál ___________________ la escuela de los niños?", "2. ¿Quién ___________________ aquí?", "3. ¿De qué color ___________________ la puerta?", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ cariñosa la amiga de Laura?", "5. ¿ ___________________ mucha gente en el hotel hoy?", "6. La palabra ___________________ en la frase; la frase ___________________ en la página; la página ___________________ en el libro.", "7. ¿ ___________________ edificios altos en Madrid?", "8. Las playas y las piscinas ___________________ en el campo. ¿Qué ___________________ en la ciudad?", "9. ___________________ muchos lápices y bolígrafos en la mesa de la mujer. ¿ ___________________ ella la profesora de la clase?", "10. En el verano, ___________________ plantas verdes y flores hermosas en los parques.", "11. Los hombres ___________________ altos. Los niños ___________________ bajos.", "12. Nosotros ___________________ estudiantes excelentes porque las lecciones no ___________________ difíciles.", "13. ¿ ___________________ ella flaca porque ella ___________________ enferma?", "14. Yo ___________________ en la clase pero el maestro no ___________________ aquí.", "15. ¿ ___________________ peligrosa la ciudad en la noche?", "16. ___________________ luces en las avenidas porque es Navidad.", "17. El carro negro ___________________ barato; el coche verde es caro. ¿Cuál ___________________ el carro del hombre rico?", "18. Si Manuel y Jorge ___________________ estudiantes excelentes, ¿por qué ___________________ tristes en la clase?", "19. ¿Quiénes ___________________ en la casa los miércoles en la mañana? ¿Dónde ___________________ Ud. en la noche?", "20. ¿Cuál ___________________ la bolsa de Sara, la bolsa roja o la bolsa gris?", "21. El tren gris ___________________ pequeño; los buses ___________________ grandes."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Si hoy", "es", "sábado, ¿por qué", "están", "enojados los hombres?", "la avenida", "la biblioteca", "la calle", "la camisa", "la carta", "la ciudad", "la cocina", "la cuenta", "la ducha", "la entrada", "la escalera", "la escuela", "la fiesta", "la frase", "la gente", "la guerra", "la habitación", "the avenue", "the library", "the street", "the shirt", "the letter", "the city", "the kitchen", "the check, the bill", "the shower", "the entrance", "the stairs", "the school", "the party", "the sentence", "the people", "the war", "the room", "la hoja", "la librería", "la llave", "la medicina", "la música", "la obra", "la página", "la palabra", "la pared", "la playa", "la pregunta", "la puerta", "la salida", "la salud", "la semana", "la tarea", "la tarjeta", "the leaf", "the bookstore", "the key", "the medicine", "the music", "the play", "the page", "the word", "the wall", "the beach", "the question", "the door", "the exit", "the health", "the week", "the homework", "the postcard"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está, está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están, hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Hay, Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "son, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "somos, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Es, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estoy, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "son, están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "están, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "es, son", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.6 1. es 2. está 3. es 4. es 5. Hay 6. está, está, está 7. Hay 8. están, hay 9. Hay, Es 10. hay 11. son, son 12. somos, son 13. Es, está 14. estoy, está 15. Es 16. Hay 17. es, es 18. son, están 19. están, está 20. es 21. es, son", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está, está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están, hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Hay, Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "son, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "somos, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Es, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estoy, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "son, están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "están, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "es, son", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es 2. está 3. es 4. es 5. Hay 6. está, está, está 7. Hay 8. están, hay 9. Hay, Es 10. hay 11. son, son 12. somos, son 13. Es, está 14. estoy, está 15. Es 16. Hay 17. es, es 18. son, están 19. están, está 20. es 21. es, son"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.7", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde están los estudiantes los domingos?", "2. El sábado y el domingo son días de fiesta.", "3. En la primavera, hay flores bellas en los parques.", "4. En el otoño, hay hojas amarillas y rojas en los árboles.", "5. ¿Qué día es hoy? Hoy es miércoles. ¿Qué mes es? Es septiembre.", "6. ¿Cuántos días hay en junio? ¿Cuántos días hay en un año?", "7. Las calles de México son estrechas. Las casas son bajas y bonitas.", "8. ¿Por qué están los periódicos y las revistas en el piso?", "9. Hay clase, pero los estudiantes están en la playa donde hay una piscina también. El profesor está enojado pero los estudiantes están alegres.", "10. Los edificios de las ciudades grandes son altos.", "11. Los niños están en la playa porque es el verano.", "12. Mucha gente está en los restaurantes porque es el invierno."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Where are the students on Sundays?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Saturday and Sunday are holidays", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The buildings of the big cities are tall", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The children are at the beach because it is summer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.7 1. Where are the students on Sundays? 2. Saturday and Sunday are holidays. 3. In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks. 4. In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees. 5. What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September. 6. How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year? 7. The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty. 8. Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor? 9. There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy. 10. The buildings of the big cities are tall. 11. The children are at the beach because it is summer. 12. A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Where are the students on Sundays?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Saturday and Sunday are holidays", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The buildings of the big cities are tall", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The children are at the beach because it is summer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Where are the students on Sundays? 2. Saturday and Sunday are holidays. 3. In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks. 4. In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees. 5. What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September. 6. How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year? 7. The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty. 8. Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor? 9. There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy. 10. The buildings of the big cities are tall. 11. The children are at the beach because it is summer. 12. A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El cine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Roberto Vélez es director de cine. ° Él es de España y las películas ° de él son cómicas. ° Rosa Morales es argentina y es directora también. Las películas de ella son más tristes porque en la Argentina hay mucha pobreza. ° Hoy, ellos están contentos porque están en Cannes, el festival de la Palma de Oro. Hay actores, directores, jurados ° y gente importante en la ciudad. Roberto y Rosa están emocionados. ° La presentación de los premios ° es esta noche. Muchas películas son interesantes este año, ¿pero cuál es la película favorita de los jurados?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿De dónde es Roberto Vélez? ¿De dónde es Rosa Morales?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Dónde están? _______________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Son ellos amigos? _______________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el cine the movies (in general)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la película the film"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° cómico(a) funny"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la pobreza poverty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el jurado judge"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° emocionado excited"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el premio award, prize"}]}, {"id": "ch4", "number": 4, "title": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Cardinal Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A cardinal number is any number that expresses an amount, such as one, two, three. Here are the Spanish cardinal numbers up to 100."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "cero", "uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco", "seis", "siete", "ocho", "nueve", "diez", "once", "doce", "trece", "catorce", "quince", "dieciséis", "diecisiete", "dieciocho", "diecinueve", "veinte", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "veintiuno", "veintidós", "veintitrés", "veinticuatro", "veinticinco", "veintiséis", "veintisiete", "veintiocho", "veintinueve", "treinta", "treinta y uno", "treinta y dos", "treinta y tres", "treinta y cuatro", "treinta y cinco", "treinta y seis", "treinta y siete", "treinta y ocho", "treinta y nueve", "carenta", "50", "60", "70", "80", "90", "cincuenta", "sesenta", "setenta", "ochenta", "noventa"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 40, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following rules for the use of cardinal numbers in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Numbers after 15, quince, are formed by combining numbers: 10 + 6 = 16, diez y seis son dieciséis."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The numbers from 16 to 19 and from 21 to 29 are expressed as one word: 22, veinte y dos  veintidós."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Numbers after 30, treinta, end in -a and do not combine with the next number. They are expressed as individual words: 34, treinta y cuatro, for example. This is true for the numbers 31 to 99, treinta y uno to noventa y nueve."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In English we say one hundred and ten. Spanish does not use y to connect hundreds and the following number: 110, ciento diez; 220, doscientos veinte; 315, trescientos quince."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• When a masculine noun follows the number 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, or 91, the -o is dropped from uno."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["veintiún años", "treinta y un libros", "cincuenta y un gatos", "sesenta y un hombres", "noventa y un amigos", "21 years", "31 books", "51 cats", "61 men", "91 friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• When a feminine noun follows a number ending in uno (English one), the feminine form is una."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuarenta y una mujeres", "setenta y una muchachas", "ochenta y una amigas", "41 women", "71 girls", "81 friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The number 100 in Spanish uses the following pattern."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cien", "ciento uno", "ciento cincuenta", "ciento noventa y nueve", "100", "101", "150", "199"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cien becomes ciento if it is followed by any number less than itself. Before all nouns, masculine or feminine, it remains cien."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cien libros", "cien casas", "100 books", "100 houses", "cien hombres", "cien mujeres", "100 men", "100 women"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The numbers 200 to 900 agree with the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0042-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["200", "300", "400", "500", "600", "700", "800", "900", "doscientos", "doscientos hoteles", "doscientas puertas", "trescientos", "trescientos gatos", "trescientas tiendas", "cuatrocientos", "cuatrocientos trenes", "cuatrocientas luces", "quinientos", "quinientos animales", "quinientas flores", "seiscientos", "seiscientos árboles", "seiscientas fiestas", "setecientos", "setecientos barcos", "setecientas plantas", "ochocientos", "ochocientos sueños", "ochocientas mesas", "novecientos", "novecientos espejos", "novecientas siestas", "200 hotels", "200 doors", "300 cats", "300 stores", "400 trains", "400 lights", "500 animals", "500 flowers", "600 trees", "600 parties", "700 boats", "700 plants", "800 dreams", "800 tables", "900 mirrors", "900 naps"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 42, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Spanish numbers beginning with 1000, mil, are not counted in hundreds."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0042-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1.000", "1.000.000", "2.000.000", "mil", "mil años", "dos mil años", "un millón (de)", "un millón de dólares", "dos millones (de)", "dos millones de preguntas", "1000 years", "2000 years", "a million dollars", "two million questions"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 42, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mil does not change (dos mil, tres mil, cinco mil), nor does it need the article un (English a) in front of it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not count in hundreds after 1,000. The number 1992 is formed by combining 1000 + 900 + 92: mil novecientos noventa y dos. The number 2006 is dos mil seis."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The plural miles is used only to refer to a large but inexact amount, the way English uses tons: Hay miles de personas en el restaurante. There are tons of people in the restaurant."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Note that Spanish uses the period to separate thousands; the comma is used to indicate decimals: $90,25 is noventa dólares y veinticinco centavos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Numbers are an important part of everyday life. People tell you their telephone numbers or ask you to meet them at a specific address. Try to practice numbers with a partner, perhaps a native speaker."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.1", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by writing in the Spanish numbers (in words).", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. En febrero, hay ___________________ (28) días; cada ___________________ (4) años, hay ___________________ (29) días.", "2. ¿En qué meses hay ___________________ (31) días?", "3. Hay ___________________ (7) días en una semana; ___________________ (52) semanas en un año.", "4. Hay ___________________ (76) lápices en la tienda y ___________________ (67) plumas.", "5. Hay ___________________ (21) muchachas en el baño, pero hay solamente ___________________ (1) espejo.", "6. Hay _____________________ (135) libros de español en la librería.", "7. En la biblioteca, hay _______________________ (2,456) libros.", "8. ___________________ (91) y _____________________ (542) son _____________________ (633).", "9. _____________________ (860) menos ___________________ (50) son _____________________ (810).", "10. Hay ___________________ (100) camisas rojas en la tienda y hay ___________________ (100) pantalones.", "11. Hay ___________________ (15) capítulos en el libro; hay _____________________ (254) páginas.", "12. Hay _____________________ (235) restaurantes en la ciudad."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "treinta y un", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "siete, cincuenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "setenta y seis, sesenta y siete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "veintiuna, un", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cien, cien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "doscientos treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.1 1. veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve 2. treinta y un 3. siete, cincuenta y dos 4. setenta y seis, sesenta y siete 5. veintiuna, un 6. ciento treinta y cinco 7. dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis 8. Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres 9. Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez 10. cien, cien 11. quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro 12. doscientos treinta y cinco", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "treinta y un", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "siete, cincuenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "setenta y seis, sesenta y siete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "veintiuna, un", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cien, cien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "doscientos treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve 2. treinta y un 3. siete, cincuenta y dos 4. setenta y seis, sesenta y siete 5. veintiuna, un 6. ciento treinta y cinco 7. dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis 8. Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres 9. Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez 10. cien, cien 11. quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro 12. doscientos treinta y cinco"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ordinal Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ordinal numbers express position in a series, such as first, second, third."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["primero", "segundo", "tercero", "cuarto", "quinto", "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sexto", "séptimo", "octavo", "noveno", "décimo", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9078947368421053, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 44, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following rules for the use of ordinal numbers in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Ordinal numbers in Spanish precede the noun and agree in gender with the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Primero and tercero drop the -o before a masculine noun: el primer piso, el tercer piso."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0044-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["primero first", "el primer hombre", "la primera mujer", "segundo second", "el segundo mes", "la segunda parte", "tercero third", "el tercer día", "la tercera semana", "the first man", "the first woman", "the second month", "the second part", "the third day", "the third week"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9078947368421053, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 44, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0045-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuarto fourth", "el cuarto piso", "la cuarta lección", "quinto fifth", "el quinto mes", "la quinta avenida", "sexto sixth", "el sexto tren", "la sexta calle", "séptimo seventh", "el séptimo capítulo", "la séptima página", "octavo eighth", "el octavo libro", "la octava pregunta", "noveno ninth", "el noveno presidente", "la novena fiesta", "décimo tenth", "el décimo sueño", "la décima razón", "¿ Dónde está la quinta avenida?", "Hay una librería en la sexta", "calle.", "El tercer capítulo es", "interesante.", "La oficina del doctor está en", "el sexto piso.", "Ana y María son las primeras", "estudiantes en la clase.", "the fourth floor", "the fourth lesson", "the fifth month", "Fifth Avenue (the fifth avenue)", "the sixth train", "Sixth Street (the sixth street)", "the seventh chapter", "the seventh page", "the eighth book", "the eighth question", "the ninth president", "the ninth party", "the tenth dream", "the tenth reason", "Where is Fifth Avenue?", "There is a bookstore on Siath Street", "The third chapter is interesting.", "The doctor's office is on the sixth", "floor.", "Ana and María are the first", "students in the dass"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696428435189384, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 45, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Ordinal numbers are used for kings, queens, popes, and centuries; in this case, they follow the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el siglo segundo", "Carlos Quinto", "the second century", "Charles the Fifth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Beginning with the ordinal number eleventh, state the noun first, then the cardinal number. Thus Eleventh Street is expressed as la calle once (English the street eleven)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el piso catorce", "la calle once", "la lección veintitrés", "el piso ciento tres", "the fourteenth floor", "(the floor fourteen)", "Eleventh Street", "(the street eleven)", "the twenty-third lesson", "(the lesson twenty-three)", "the one hundred and third floor", "the floor one hundred and three,"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.2", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish equivalent (in words) of each phrase.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hay una biblioteca en ___________________ (72nd Street).", "2. El trabajo de Lola está en ___________________ (the 40th floor).", "3. Hay un restaurante en ___________________ (135th Street).", "4. ___________________ (The third chapter) es interesante.", "5. ___________________ (The fourth lesson) es horrible.", "6. Mayo es ___________________ (the fifth month) del año."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Hay una feria en", "la tercera avenida", "(Third Avenue)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la calle setenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el piso cuarenta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la calle ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "El tercer capítulo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La cuarta lección", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el quinto mes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.2 1. la calle setenta y dos 2. el piso cuarenta 3. la calle ciento treinta y cinco 4. El tercer capítulo 5. La cuarta lección 6. el quinto mes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la calle setenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el piso cuarenta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la calle ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "El tercer capítulo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La cuarta lección", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el quinto mes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la calle setenta y dos 2. el piso cuarenta 3. la calle ciento treinta y cinco 4. El tercer capítulo 5. La cuarta lección 6. el quinto mes"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Date"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses the cardinal numbers 2 to 31 to indicate all days of the month except the first."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?", "Hoy es el cinco de mayo.", "Mañana es el seis de mayo.", "Es el veintiocho de febrero.", "Es el treinta y uno de octubre.", "What is today's date!", "Today is May 5", "Tomorrow is May 6.", "It is February 28.", "It is October 31."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses an ordinal number only to indicate the first of the month, el primero del mes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hoy es el primero de junio.", "Mañana es el primero de octubre.", "Today is June 1.", "Tomorrow is October 1"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.3", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish term or number. Always write numbers as words.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hoy es __________________ (Thursday), el __________________ (11th) de mayo.", "2. ¿Por qué estamos en clase __________________ (on Saturdays)?", "3. Hay __________________ (100) personas en el restaurante nuevo.", "4. La fecha del nacimiento de Sandra es __________________ __________________ (Oct. 18, 1973).", "5. Es el __________________ (14th) de diciembre del __________________ (2006).", "6. ¿Quién es el __________________ (first) hombre y la __________________ (first) mujer?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "jueves, once", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los sábados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "catorce, dos mil seis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "primer, primera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.3 1. jueves, once 2. los sábados 3. cien 4. el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres 5. catorce, dos mil seis 6. primer, primera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "jueves, once", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los sábados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "catorce, dos mil seis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "primer, primera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. jueves, once 2. los sábados 3. cien 4. el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres 5. catorce, dos mil seis 6. primer, primera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Telling Time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express time in the sense of telling time, Spanish uses la hora."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué hora es?", "What hour is it:", "What time is it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to tell time, Spanish always uses the third-person singular or plural of ser. Start by learning the expressions for telling exact time on the hour, from one o’clock to twelve o’clock. La represents la hora, and las represents las horas."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una.", "Son las dos.", "Son las tres.", "Son las cuatro.", "It is one o'clock.", "It is two o'clock.", "It is three o'clock", "It is four o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las cinco.", "Son las seis.", "Son las siete.", "Son las ocho.", "Son las nueve.", "Son las diez.", "Son las once.", "Son las doce.", "It is five o'clock.", "It is six o'clock.", "It is seven o'clock.", "It is eight o'clock.", "It is nine o'clock.", "It is ten o'clock.", "It is eleven o'clock.", "It is twelve o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The part of day is specified as follows."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de la mañana", "de la tarde", "de la noche", "Son las dos de la mañana.", "Es la una de la tarde.", "Son las ocho de la noche.", "(of the) morning, A.M.", "(of the) afternoon, P.M.", "(of the) night, P.M.", "It is two o'clock in the morning.", "It is one o'clock in the afternoon", "It is eight o'clock at night."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate the exact hour or “sharp,” Spanish uses exactamente or en punto."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las cinco exactamente.", "Son las diez en punto.", "It's exactly five o'clock", "It's ten o'clock sharp."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9871794871794872, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate an approximate time, Spanish uses a eso de + the hour or the hour + más o menos."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es a eso de la una.", "Es la una, más o menos.", "It's about one o'clock.", "It's one o'clock, more or less"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9871794871794872, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express a time after the hour, state the hour + y (English and, plus) + the number of minutes. This adds the minutes to the hour."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una y veinte.", "Son las cinco y diez.", "Son las dos y cinco.", "It is 1:20.", "(It is one o'clock plus twenty", "minutes.)", "It is 5:10.", "(It is five o'clock plus ten minutes.)", "It is 2:05.", "(It is two o'clock plus five minutes.,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When it is a quarter after the hour, Spanish uses quince (English fifteen) or cuarto (English quarter)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las tres y quince.", "Son las seis y cuarto.", "It is 3:15.", "(It is three o'clock plus fifteen", "minutes.)", "It is 6:15.", "(It is six o'clock plus a quarter hour."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When it is half past the hour, Spanish uses treinta (English thirty) or media (English half)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las nueve y treinta.", "Son las ocho y media.", "It is 9:30.", "(It is nine o'clock plus thirty", "minutes.)", "It is 8:30.", "(It is eight o'clock plus a half hour.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express a time before the hour, state the hour + menos (English minus) + the number of minutes. This subtracts the minutes from the hour."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las tres menos diez.", "Son las once menos cinco.", "Son las nueve menos cuarto.", "Son las doce menos quince.", "It is 2:50.", "(It is three o' clock minus ten", "minutes.)", "It is 10:55.", "(It is eleven o'clock minus five", "minutes.)", "It is 8:45.", "(It is nine o'clock minus a quarter", "hour.)", "It is 11:45.", "(It is twelve o' clock minus fifteen", "minutes.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An alternate way to express time before the hour is to state the number of minutes + para + the hour. This expression, which closely follows English syntax, is not a full sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cinco para las tres.", "Veinticinco para las dos.", "Quince para las seis.", "Five (minutes) to three (o'clock).", "Twenty-five (minutes) to two (o'clock)", "Fifteen (minutes) to six (o'clock)."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate that something is happening at a certain time, Spanish uses an expression with the preposition a (English at)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0050-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A qué hora?", "A la una.", "A las dos.", "A las tres.", "{ At what hones", "At what time?", "At one o'clock.", "At two o'clock.", "At three o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 50, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The expressions for after the hour (the hour + y + the number of minutes) and before the hour (the hour + menos + the number of minutes) remain the same after a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0050-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A las cuatro y diez.", "A las cinco y cuarto.", "A las seis y cinco.", "A las siete y tres.", "A las ocho y media.", "A las nueve menos quince.", "A las diez menos veinte.", "A las once menos veinticinco.", "A la una menos diez.", "At 4:10.", "At 5:15.", "At 6:05.", "At 7:03.", "At 8:30.", "At 8:45.", "At 9:40.", "At 10:35", "At 12:50"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 50, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.4", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans4", "instruction": "A. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate Spanish time. Include de la mañana, de la tarde, or de la noche, and always write numbers as words.", "extra": ["B. Translate the following time expressions into Spanish. Include the appropriate expression to indicate morning, afternoon, or evening, and always write numbers as words."], "prompts": ["1. El programa es ____________________ (at 6 P.M.).", "2. ____________________ (At 8 A.M.) estoy en casa.", "3. ____________________ (At 1 P.M.) estamos en la oficina.", "4. ____________________ (At 7:15 P.M.) estamos en un restaurante.", "5. ____________________ (It is 10 P.M.) ¿Dónde están los niños?"], "ocrLines": ["1. It is 2:20 P.M.", "2. It is 4:30 A.M.", "3. It is 9:15 P.M.", "4. It is 6:00 P.M. sharp.", "5. It is 3:35 P.M.", "6. It is 7:10 A.M.", "7. At about 2:00 P.M.", "8. At 9 A.M. exactly.", "Son las cinco exactamente.", "Son las diez en punto.", "It's exactly five o'clock.", "It's ten o'clock sharp.", "To indicate an approximate time, Spanish uses a eso de + the hour or the", "hour + mas o menos.", "Es a eso de la una.", "Es la una, más o menos.", "It's about one o'clock.", "It's one o'clock, more or less.", "To express a time after the hour, state the hour + y (English and, plus) + the", "number of minutes. This adds the minutes to the hour.", "Es la una y veinte.", "Son las cinco y diez.", "Son las dos y cinco.", "It is 1:20.", "(It is one o'clock plus twenty", "minutes.)", "It is 5:10", "(It is five o'clock plus ten minutes.)", "It is 2:05.", "(It is two o'clock plus five minutes.)", "When it is a quarter after the hour, Spanish uses quince (English fifteen) or", "cuarto (English quarter).", "Son las tres y quince.", "Son las seis y cuarto.", "It is 3:15.", "(It is three o'clock plus fifteen", "It is 6:15.", "(It is six o'clock plus a quarter hour:)", "When it is half past the hour, Spanish uses treinta (English thirty) or media", "(English half).", "Son las nueve y treinta.", "Son las ocho y media.", "It is 9:30.", "(It is nine o'clock plus thirty", "It is 8:30.", "(It is eight o'clock plus a half hour.)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "a las seis de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "A las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "A la una de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "A las siete y quince de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "Son las diez de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "Son las dos y veinte de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "Son las cuatro y media de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "Son las seis en punto", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "Son las siete y diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 7, "answer": "A eso de las dos de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 8, "answer": "A las nueve de la mañana exactamente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.4 A 1. a las seis de la tarde 2. A las ocho de la mañana 3. A la una de la tarde 4. A las siete y quince de la noche 5. Son las diez de la noche.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "a las seis de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "A las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "A la una de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "A las siete y quince de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Son las diez de la noche", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. a las seis de la tarde 2. A las ocho de la mañana 3. A la una de la tarde 4. A las siete y quince de la noche 5. Son las diez de la noche."}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Son las dos y veinte de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Son las cuatro y media de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Son las seis en punto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Son las siete y diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "A eso de las dos de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "A las nueve de la mañana exactamente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Son las dos y veinte de la tarde. 2. Son las cuatro y media de la mañana. 3. Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche. 4. Son las seis en punto. 5. Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde. 6. Son las siete y diez de la mañana. 7. A eso de las dos de la tarde. 8. A las nueve de la mañana exactamente."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El restaurante"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es la una de la tarde y el restaurante español está lleno. ° Es un restaurante popular y económico. Hay dieciocho mesas y cinco camareros excelentes. En cada mesa hay cuatro o cinco personas. El ambiente ° es espectacular. La gente está alegre porque es un día de fiesta ° y no hay trabajo. Hay dos pisos; en el primer piso, hay bebidas ° y tapas; ° en el segundo piso, hay bebidas también y el plato del día. En el menú, hay pollo, carne y mucho pescado. ° En el especial del día, hay sopa, papas, vegetales, ensalada, postre, ° y café o té. Todo ° está sabroso hoy."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° lleno full"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el ambiente the atmosphere"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° un día de fiesta holiday"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° una bebida a drink"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° tapas small appetizers, Spanish style"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° pollo, carne, pescado chicken, meat, fish"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° sopa, papas, vegetales, ensalada, postre soup, potatoes, vegetables, salad, dessert"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° todo everything"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué está lleno el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos pisos hay?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿En que país está este restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuántas personas hay en el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el agua", "el almuerzo", "el camarero", "la carta", "la cena", "el cheque", "la cocina", "el comedor", "la comida", "la cuchara", "el cuchillo", "la cuenta", "the water", "the lunch", "the waiter", "the menu", "the supper", "the check", "the kitchen", "the dining room", "the meal", "the spoon", "the knife", "the check, the bill", "el desayuno", "el impuesto", "el mantel", "el menú", "el mozo", "el plato", "la propina", "la servilleta", "la tarjeta de", "crédito", "el tenedor", "el vaso", "the breakfast", "the tax", "the tablecloth", "the menu", "the waiter", "the plate", "the tip", "the napkin", "the credit card", "the fork", "the glass"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 52, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish nouns ending in -a that begin with a stressed a or ha are feminine, but they take the masculine article el in the singular and the feminine article las in the plural. El agua is the most common of these nouns: el agua fría, las aguas frías."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0052-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el águila, las águilas", "el alma, las almas", "el arma, las armas", "el hacha, las hachas", "the eagle, the eagles", "the soul, the souls", "the weapon, the weapons", "the axe, the axes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 52, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caliente", "delicioso", "fresco", "frío", "limpio", "lleno", "warm, hot", "delicious", "fresh", "cold", "clean", "full", "picante", "sabroso", "sano", "seco", "sucio", "vacío", "spicy", "delicious", "healthy", "dry", "dirty", "empty"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones de la hora en general (Expressions of time in general)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es mediodía.", "Es medianoche.", "Es temprano.", "Es tarde.", "It is midday. / It is noon", "It is midnight.", "It is early.", "It is late."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones cuantitativas (Quantitative expressions)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["una vez.", "doble", "dos veces", "triple", "tres veces", "la mitad", "one time, once", "double", "two times, twice", "triple", "three times", "(a) half"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.5", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Son las dos de la tarde y los estudiantes están en clase.", "2. La cocina está sucia pero el baño está limpio.", "3. ¿Dónde están los trece camareros del restaurante?", "4. Hay clase los lunes y los jueves.", "5. A las ocho y media, la sopa está fría y los platos están sucios.", "6. ¿Cuántos vasos hay en la mesa a las siete de la mañana en la casa de Ricardo?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "There is class on Mondays and Thursdays", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.5 1. It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class. 2. The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean. 3. Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters? 4. There is class on Mondays and Thursdays. 5. At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty. 6. How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "There is class on Mondays and Thursdays", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class. 2. The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean. 3. Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters? 4. There is class on Mondays and Thursdays. 5. At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty. 6. How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.6", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuántas semanas hay en un año?", "2. ¿Cuántos días hay en un año?", "3. ¿Cuánto es ochenta y dos menos veintiséis?", "4. ¿Cuánto es sesenta y siete y ciento treinta?", "5. En la casa hay cuatro comedores y dos cocinas. ¿Es grande la casa o es pequeña?", "6. ¿Por qué están Uds. contentos los miércoles en la primavera?", "7. ¿Es deliciosa la comida italiana?", "8. ¿A qué hora es el desayuno?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "4.6 Answers will vary. 1. Hay cincuenta y dos semanas en un año. 2. Hay trescientos sesenta y cinco días en un año. 3. Son cincuenta y seis. 4. Son ciento noventa y siete. 5. Es grande. 6. Porque hay muchas flores. 7. Sí, es deliciosa. 8. El desayuno es a las siete de la mañana.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Hay cincuenta y dos semanas en un año. 2. Hay trescientos sesenta y cinco días en un año. 3. Son cincuenta y seis. 4. Son ciento noventa y siete. 5. Es grande. 6. Porque hay muchas flores. 7. Sí, es deliciosa. 8. El desayuno es a las siete de la mañana."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El oficio de la casa"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el otoño y el aire está fresco. Son las once de la mañana y es un buen día para el oficio de la casa. Hoy, todo es un desorden."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En el dormitorio, la ropa está en el piso; las sábanas y las almohadas están sucias. La cocina es otro cuento. Hay polvo encima de la nevera y la estufa; las cucharas, los cuchillos, los tenedores y los platos están en el lavaplatos. Hay manchas feas en el piso de la cocina. El baño del primer piso está sucio pero por lo menos, es pequeño. ¿Dónde está mi esponja para la cocina y el baño? Siempre están en el gabinete. También, hay una escoba para la sala y una aspiradora para la alfombra roja del comedor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Qué hora es? Son las dos ya. Es la hora del almuerzo. En la nevera, hay sopa sabrosa de pescado y vegetales, pollo y papas fritas, y hay una torta y helado para el postre. Es el veintiuno de septiembre, el día de mi cumpleaños, un día agradable para estar en la casa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0055-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la almohada", "la aspiradora", "el cumpleaños", "un desorden", "el dormitorio", "la escoba", "la esponja", "el helado", "el lavaplatos", "la mancha", "el oficio", "el polvo", "la ropa", "la sábana", "the pillow", "the vacuum cleaner", "the birthday", "a mess", "the bedroom", "the broom", "the sponge", "the ice cream", "the dishwasher", "the stain", "the work, the job", "the dust", "the clothes", "the sheet"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9824561403508771, "cardCount": 14, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 55, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0055-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al principio", "es otro cuento", "por lo menos", "at the beginning", "it's another story", "at least"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9824561403508771, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 55, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Qué estación es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué hora es al principio del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Dónde están las cucharas, los cuchillos y los tenedores?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Está sucia o limpia la casa?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Es hoy el día de cumpleaños?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch5", "number": 5, "title": "Regular Verbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All Spanish verbs belong to one of three classifications, called conjugations, depending on the ending of the infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Each conjugation has its own set of endings that are added to the stem of the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["verb stem + infinitive ending = infinitive", "cant + ar = cantar", "com + er = comer", "viv + ir = vivir"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs are considered regular if there is no change in the stem when it is conjugated."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present tense is used to express the English simple present (I sing) and the English present progressive tense (I am singing)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta una canción triste.", "She sings a sad song.", "¿ She is sinsing a sad song-"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Questions are formed by inverting the subject and the verb. In this case, the translation of the Spanish present tense includes the English helping verb do. Questions can also be indicated by rising intonation, without a change in word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cantas tú los domingos?", "¿Tú cantas los domingos?", "Do you sing on Sundays!", "You sing on Sundays?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present tense can be used to express a future event if an adverbial expression of future time is included."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta con Ud. mañana.", "She'll sing with you tomorrow"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no directly before the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo canto en el baño.", "No canto en el tren.", "I sing in the bathroom.", "I don't sing in the train"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar to sing", "cantar", "Infinitive", "cant-", "Stem", "-ar", "Ending", "yo canto", "I sing", "tú cantas", "you sing", "él canta", "he sings", "ella canta", "she sings", "Ud. canta", "You sing", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantáis", "ellos cantan", "ellas cantan", "Uds. cantan", "we sing", "you (pl.) sing", "they sing", "they (f.) sing", "you (pl.) sing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to pronounce Spanish precisely and correctly. All words that end in the vowels a, e, i, o, u, or the consonants n or s have their natural stress on the second-to-last, or penultimate, syllable. Make sure you pronounce the verbs this way: yo canto, tú cantas, él canta, nosotros cantamos, ellos cantan. If a word carries an accent mark, you will stress that syllable: vosotros cantáis, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bailar to dance", "yo bailo", "nosotros bailamos", "tú bailas", "vosotros bailáis", "él baila", "ellos bailan", "ella baila", "ellas bailan", "Ud. baila", "Uds. bailan", "bajar to go down, to descend", "yo bajo", "nosotros bajamos", "tú bajas", "vosotros bajáis", "él baja", "ellos bajan", "ella baja", "ellas bajan", "Ud. baja", "Uds. bajan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9772727272727273, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caminar to walk", "yo camino", "tú caminas", "él camina", "ella camina", "Ud. camina", "nosotros caminamos", "vosotros camináis", "ellos caminan", "ellas caminan", "Uds. caminan", "cocinar to cook", "yo cocino", "tú cocinas", "él cocina", "ella cocina", "Ud cocina", "nosotros cocinamos", "vosotros cocináis", "ellos cocinan", "ellas cocinan", "Uds. cocinan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comprar to buy", "yo compro", "tú compras", "él compra", "ella compra", "Ud. compra", "nosotros compramos", "vosotros compráis", "ellos compran", "ellas compran", "Uds. compran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["contestar to answer", "yo contesto", "nosotros contestamos", "tú contestas", "vosotros contestáis", "él contesta", "ellos contestan", "ella contesta", "ellas contestan", "Ud. contesta", "Uds. contestan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verbs above are presented with full conjugations so that you can practice and learn them one by one. These verbs form an essential base for all future studies. All three forms of both the third-person singular and the third-person plural conjugations have the same endings. From this point forward, only one pronoun will be used for each singular or plural third-person conjugation."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["descansar to rest", "yo descanso", "tú descansas", "ella descansa", "nosotros descansamos", "vosotros descansáis", "ellas descansan", "entrar (en) to enter (in)", "yo entro", "tú entras", "Ud. entra", "nosotros entramos", "vosotros entráis", "Uds entran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["escuchar to listen to", "yo escucho", "nosotros escuchamos", "tú escuchas", "vosotros escucháis", "él escucha", "ellos escuchan", "estudiar to study", "yo estudio", "tú estudias", "ella estudia", "nosotros estudiamos", "vosotros estudiáis", "ellas estudian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish d is pronounced like the d in English dog when it appears at the beginning of a breath group or follows an l or n: donde, la falda, el conde. In all other cases, the Spanish d is pronounced like the soft th sound in English other. Practice estudiar with a th sound."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hablar to speak", "yo hablo", "tú hablas", "Ud. habla", "nosotros hablamos", "vosotros habláis", "Uds. hablan", "limpiar to clean", "yo limpio", "tú limpias", "ella limpia", "nosotros limpiamos", "vosotros limpiáis", "ellas limpian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["llegar to arrive", "yo llego", "tú llegas", "él llega", "nosotros llegamos", "vosotros llegáis", "ellos llegan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The ll in Spanish is pronounced like the y in English beyond, or the s in English pleasure."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mirar to look at", "yo miro", "nosotros miramos", "tú miras", "vosotros miráis", "Ud. mira", "Uds. miran", "practicar to practice", "yo practico", "nosotros practicamos", "tú practicas", "vosotros practicáis", "ella practica", "ellas practican", "nadar to swim", "yo nado", "nosotros nadamos", "tú nadas", "vosotros nadáis", "él nada", "ellos nadan", "regresar to return", "yo regreso", "nosotros regresamos", "tú regresas", "vosotros regresáis", "Ud. regresa", "Uds. regresan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["trabajar to work", "yo trabajo", "tú trabajas", "él trabaja", "nosotros trabajamos", "vosotros trabajáis", "ellos trabajan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Stress the penultimate syllable of the conjugated verb: tra ba jo, tra ba jas, tra ba ja, trabajamos, tra ba jan."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["viajar to travel", "yo viajo", "nosotros viajamos", "tú viajas", "vosotros viajáis", "ella viaja", "ellas viajan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The v in Spanish is pronounced like the b in English boy."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Preposition a"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preposition a means to in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a is followed by the masculine el (meaning the), the words contract to al (meaning to the). This is one of only two contractions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos al hotel.", "Yo camino al restaurante.", "We walk to the hotel.", "Twalk to the restaurant"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A contraction is not formed when a is followed by the feminine la or by the plural articles los or las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos a la tienda.", "Ellos viajan a los estados del sur.", "Ella viaja a las ciudades grandes.", "We walk to the store.", "They travel to the Southern states", "She travels to the large cities."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.1", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below, but don’t use any verb more than once.", "extra": ["bailar, bajar, caminar, cantar, cocinar, comprar, contestar, descansar, entrar, escuchar, estudiar, hablar, limpiar, llegar, mirar, nadar, practicar, regresar, trabajar, viajar"], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo ___________________ en la piscina.", "2. Ella ___________________ mucho porque las lecciones son difíciles.", "3. En la noche, si estamos cansados, ___________________ en la cama.", "4. María siempre ___________________ a casa a las seis de la noche.", "5. Los niños ___________________ y ___________________ en la fiesta.", "6. En conversaciones, ¿quiénes ___________________ más, los hombres o las mujeres?", "7. ¿Por qué ___________________ la mujer la blusa si es cara?", "8. Enrique ___________________ en un restaurante. Él es cocinero y ___________________ en la cocina.", "9. Los estudiantes ___________________ en el salón a las ocho de la mañana.", "10. Yo ___________________ la música a las ocho de la noche los martes.", "11. Ella ___________________ la televisión los domingos a las nueve.", "12. Los músicos están contentos porque los estudiantes ___________________ mucho el piano.", "13. Las dos amigas ___________________ el apartamento cuando está sucio.", "14. Yo ___________________ en carro a la oficina. Trabajo en el piso cuarenta. A las cinco de la tarde ___________________ al primer piso.", "15. Roberto ___________________ las preguntas en la clase."], "ocrLines": ["Las estudiantes", "caminan a la escuela Ellos", "regresan en bus", "mirar to look at", "yo miro", "tú miras", "Ud. mira", "nosotros miramos", "vosotros miráis", "Uds. miran", "practicar to practice", "yo practico", "nosotros practicamos", "tú practicas", "vosotros practicáis", "ella practica", "ellas practican", "nadar to swim", "yo nado", "nosotros nadamos", "tú nadas", "vosotros nadáis", "él nada", "ellos nadan", "regresar to return", "yo regreso", "nosotros regresamos", "tú regresas", "vosotros regresáis", "Ud. regresa", "Uds. regresan", "trabajar to work", "yo trabajo", "tú trabajas", "él trabaja", "nosotros trabajamos", "vosotros trabajáis", "ellos trabajan", "Stress the penultimate syllable of the conjugated verb: trabajo,", "trabajas, trabaja, trabajamos, trabajan.", "viajar to travel", "yo viajo", "nosotros viajamos", "tú viajas", "vosotros viajáis", "ella viaja", "ellas viajan", "• Pronunciation Reminder", "The Preposition a"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estudia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "descansamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cantan, bailan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hablan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "compra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "trabaja, cocina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "entran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "escucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "practican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "limpian", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "viajo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "contesta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.1 1. nada 2. estudia 3. descansamos 4. llega 5. cantan, bailan 6. hablan 7. compra 8. trabaja, cocina 9. entran 10. escucho 11. mira 12. practican 13. limpian 14. viajo, bajo 15. contesta", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estudia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "descansamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cantan, bailan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hablan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "compra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "trabaja, cocina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "entran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "escucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "practican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "limpian", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "viajo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "contesta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. nada 2. estudia 3. descansamos 4. llega 5. cantan, bailan 6. hablan 7. compra 8. trabaja, cocina 9. entran 10. escucho 11. mira 12. practican 13. limpian 14. viajo, bajo 15. contesta"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.2", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans2", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Canta Ud. en la ducha?", "2. ¿A qué hora escucha Ud. la música?", "3. ¿Viajas tú mucho?", "4. ¿Quiénes estudian más, los muchachos o las muchachas?", "5. ¿Quién cocina bien en la familia de Ud.?", "6. ¿Si estás en un baile, bailas mucho?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "5.2 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -er verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0062-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comer to eat", "comer", "Infinitive", "com-", "Stem", "-er", "Ending", "yo como", "tú comes", "él come", "ella come", "Ud. come", "nosotros comemos", "vosotros coméis", "ellos comen", "ellas comen", "Uds comen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 62, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0062-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aprender to learn", "yo aprendo", "tú aprendes", "él aprende", "beber to drink", "yo bebo", "tú bebes", "ella bebe", "nosotros aprendemos", "vosotros aprendéis", "ellos aprenden", "nosotros bebemos", "vosotros bebéis", "ellas beben"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 62, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comprender to understand", "yo comprendo", "nosotros comprendemos", "tú comprendes", "vosotros comprendéis", "Ud. comprende", "Uds. comprenden", "correr to run", "yo corro", "tú corres", "él corre", "nosotros corremos", "vosotros corréis", "ellos corren", "meter to put in", "yo meto", "nosotros metemos", "tú metes", "vosotros metéis", "Ud. mete", "Uds. meten", "romper to break", "yo rompo", "nosotros rompemos", "tú rompes", "vosotros rompéis", "ella rompe", "ellas rompen", "leer to read", "yo leo", "nosotros leemos", "tú lees", "vosotros leéis", "ella lee", "ellas leen", "prender to turn on", "yo prendo", "nosotros prendemos", "tú prendes", "vosotros prendéis", "él prende", "ellos prenden", "vender to sell", "yo vendo", "tú vendes", "Ud. vende", "nosotros vendemos", "vosotros vendéis", "Uds. venden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 63, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.3", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below, but don’t use any verb more than once.", "extra": ["aprender, beber, comer, comprender, correr, leer, romper, vender"], "prompts": ["1. Si ella camina, y él ___________________, ¿quién llega primero?", "2. Mariana ___________________ ocho vasos de agua cada día.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ en los restaurantes excelentes todos los jueves.", "4. Las muchachas estudian bien las lecciones de violín y ___________________ mucho.", "5. Yo ___________________ un libro cada semana. ¿Cuántos libros ___________________ Uds. cada año?", "6. Somos buenos estudiantes y ___________________ las ideas difíciles.", "7. El hombre y la mujer ___________________ el apartamento y compran una casa.", "8. Los niños ___________________ los platos y los vasos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "corre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "aprenden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "leo, leen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "comprendemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "venden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rompen", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.3 1. corre 2. bebe 3. comemos 4. aprenden 5. leo, leen 6. comprendemos 7. venden 8. rompen", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "corre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "aprenden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "leo, leen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "comprendemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "venden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rompen", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. corre 2. bebe 3. comemos 4. aprenden 5. leo, leen 6. comprendemos 7. venden 8. rompen"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ir verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0064-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["vivir to live", "vivir", "Infinitive", "viv-", "Stem", "-ir", "Ending", "yo vivo", "tú vives", "el vive", "ella vive", "Ud vive", "nosotros vivimos", "vosotros vivís", "ellos viven", "ellas viven", "Uds viven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.890625, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 64, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0064-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir to open", "yo abro", "tú abres", "él abre", "compartir to share", "yo comparto", "tú compartes", "ella comparte", "decidir to decide", "yo decido", "tú decides", "Ud decide", "nosotros abrimos", "vosotros abrís", "ellos abren", "nosotros compartimos", "vosotros compartis", "ellas comparten", "nosotros decidimos", "vosotros decidís", "Uds deciden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 64, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0065-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["describir to describe", "yo describo", "nosotros describimos", "tú describes vosotros describís", "él describe", "ellos describen", "escribir to write", "yo escribo", "tú escribes", "Ud. escribe", "nosotros escribimos", "vosotros escribís", "Uds. escriben", "subir to go up, to ascend", "yo subo", "nosotros subimos", "tú subes", "vosotros subís", "ella sube", "ellas suben", "discutir to discuss", "yo discuto", "nosotros discutimos", "tú discutes", "vosotros discutís", "ella discute", "ellas discuten", "recibir to receive", "yo recibo", "tú recibes", "él recibe", "nosotros recibimos", "vosotros recibís", "ellos reciben", "sufrir to suffer", "yo sufro", "tú sufres", "Ud. sutre", "nosotros sufrimos", "vosotros sufrís", "Uds sufren"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 65, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.4", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below.", "extra": ["abrir, compartir, decidir, discutir, escribir, recibir, subir, vivir"], "prompts": ["1. Hay mucha comida en la mesa pero el muchacho no come mucho. Él ___________________ la porción con Elena.", "2. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. la puerta si hay mucho ruido afuera?", "3. Ella trabaja en la ciudad, pero ___________________ en el campo.", "4. Hablamos y ___________________ las noticias del día. La conversación es interesante.", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú frases y preguntas con una pluma o usas una computadora?", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ Uds. estudiar el español?", "7. Cecilia siempre ___________________ muchas cartas de la familia los lunes.", "8. Todos los estudiantes ___________________ al noveno piso para la clase de química."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "abre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "discutimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Escribes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "deciden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "recibe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "suben", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.4 1. comparte 2. abre 3. vive 4. discutimos 5. Escribes 6. deciden 7. recibe 8. suben", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "abre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "discutimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Escribes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "deciden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "recibe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "suben", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. comparte 2. abre 3. vive 4. discutimos 5. Escribes 6. deciden 7. recibe 8. suben"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["deber should, ought to, must (plus infinitive), to owe", "yo debo", "nosotros debemos", "tú debes", "vosotros debéis", "él debe", "ellos deben", "Ella debe comer mejor.", "Él debe mucho dinero.", "She ought to eat better.", "He owes a lot of money.", "ganar to win, to earn", "yo gano", "nosotros ganamos", "tú ganas", "vosotros ganáis", "ella gana", "ellas ganan", "Cecilia siempre gana el primer", "premio.", "Raúl gana quinientos dólares", "cada semana.", "Cecilia always wins first prize.", "Ralph earns 500 dollars each week", "Ilevar to carry, to wear", "yo llevo", "nosotros llevamos", "tú llevas", "vosotros lleváis", "Ud. lleva", "Uds. llevan", "Llevo una bolsa de plástico", "a la tienda.", "Ella no lleva un abrigo hoy.", "pasar to pass (by), to happen, to spend (time)", "yo paso", "nosotros pasamos", "tú pasas", "vosotros pasáis", "él pasa", "ellos pasan", "El tiempo pasa.", "¿Qué pasa?", "Ella pasa mucho tiempo con", "los turistas.", "I carry a plastic bag to the store.", "She isn't wearing a coat today.", "Time passes.", "What's happening?", "She spends a lot of time with", "the tourists.", "tocar to touch, to play (an instrument)", "yo toco", "nosotros tocamos", "tú tocas", "vosotros tocáis", "él toca", "ellos tocan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 66, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0066-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El experto toca la mesa antigua.", "María toca bien el piano.", "The expert touches the antique table", "Maria plays the piano well.", "tomar to take, to have (something to drink), to have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)", "yo tomo", "nosotros tomamos", "tú tomas", "vosotros tomáis", "ella toma", "ellas toman", "Tomamos el tren al trabajo.", "Tomo café negro cada mañana.", "Ella toma el desayuno a las ocho.", "Toma el almuerzo a la una y", "la cena a las siete.", "We take the train to work.", "I drink black coffee every morning.", "She has breakfast at eight o'clock.", "She has lunch at one o'clock and", "dinner at seven o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 66, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.5", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; this time you can use the verbs more than once!", "extra": ["deber, ganar, llevar, pasar, tocar, tomar"], "prompts": ["1. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Uds. el almuerzo?", "2. La niña está enferma porque no ___________________ una chaqueta en el invierno.", "3. Ella ___________________ caminar treinta minutos cada día.", "4. Victoria ___________________ bien el violín.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ compartir la torta de chocolate con Jorge y con Guillermo.", "6. Yo ___________________ dos bolígrafos y tres lápices a la clase de matemáticas.", "7. El profesor ___________________ mucho tiempo en las montañas en el verano.", "8. El muchacho ___________________ la mesa antigua con las manos sucias.", "9. Ricardo es maestro; no ___________________ mucho dinero, pero está feliz.", "10. ¿ ___________________ Ud. café con leche en la mañana?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "toman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "lleva", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "debe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "debemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llevo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "pasa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "gana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Toma", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.5 1. toman 2. lleva 3. debe 4. toca 5. debemos 6. llevo 7. pasa 8. toca 9. gana 10. Toma", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "toman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "lleva", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "debe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "debemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llevo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "pasa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "gana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Toma", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. toman 2. lleva 3. debe 4. toca 5. debemos 6. llevo 7. pasa 8. toca 9. gana 10. Toma"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Una escuela en México"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el año mil novecientos sesenta y tres. Es una época ° de paz en los Estados Unidos. En la ciudad donde vivimos este verano, hay paz también pero no estoy segura ° si hay paz en el resto de México."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La ciudad es muy linda, con calles estrechas y casas del estilo español. Hay unas plazas hermosas y muchas iglesias. Vivimos en las montañas y estamos a tres millas de ° la ciudad. Laura y yo caminamos treinta minutos y llegamos a la escuela a las diez de la mañana; la madre de Laura pasa el día en el campo porque estudia las civilizaciones antiguas. El padre de Laura descansa en la casa hasta las diez. Después, ° él baja a la ciudad y pasa la mañana en un restaurante bonito donde él toma uno o dos cafés más; lee un periódico y habla con la gente. Ellos hablan bien el español, pero Laura y yo no hablamos mucho; estudiamos en la escuela secundaria porque necesitamos practicar más."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Laura y yo decidimos tomar un curso de historia de México, una clase de baile, una clase donde los estudiantes aprenden canciones mexicanas y aprenden a tocar la guitarra. Guanajuato está ubicada ° en las montañas y la clase de baile es difícil porque es trabajoso ° respirar ° en las montañas. Las clases de música son fantásticas porque hablamos y practicamos la pronunciación."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En la noche, regresamos a la casa y discutimos las experiencias del día. La madre cocina bien y comemos una comida saludable. ° Laura y yo lavamos ° los platos y el padre escucha la conversación y descansa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la época period of time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar seguro(a) to be sure"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar a tres millas de to be three miles from"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° después afterward"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar ubicado(a) to be located"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° trabajoso difficult"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° respirar to breathe"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° saludable healthy, healthful"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° lavar to wash"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo es Guanajuato?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué estación del año es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo pasa el día el padre de ella?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué estudian Laura y la amiga de ella?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. En la noche, ¿de qué hablan?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch6", "number": 6, "title": "Irregular Verbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish verbs are considered irregular if there is a change in the stem when they are conjugated."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Each verb conjugation has its own set of endings that are added to the verb stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The nosotros and vosotros forms are unaffected by the stem change in the present tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -ar have two possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0070-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cerrar to close", "yo cierro", "tú cierras", "él cierra", "nosotros cerramos", "vosotros cerráis", "ellos cierran", "pensar to think", "yo pienso", "nosotros pensamos", "tú piensas", "vosotros pensáis", "Ud. piensa Uds. piensan", "empezar to begin", "yo empiezo", "tú empiezas", "ella empieza", "nosotros empezamos", "vosotros empezáis", "ellas empiezan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 70, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is a good idea to learn these verbs one by one. Make sure you read them aloud. Practice as much as you can."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0071-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["almorzar to lunch", "yo almuerzo", "tú almuerzas", "él almuerza", "nosotros almorzamos", "vosotros almorzáis", "ellos almuerzan", "encontrar to find", "yo encuentro", "tú encuentras", "ella encuentra", "nosotros encontramos", "vosotros encontráis", "ellas encuentran", "recordar to remember", "yo recuerdo", "tú recuerdas", "ella recuerda", "nosotros recordamos", "vosotros recordáis", "ellas recuerdan", "jugar to play, to play (a sport)", "yo juego", "nosotros jugamos", "tú juegas", "vosotros jugáis", "Ud. juega", "Uds. juegan", "NOTE: The stem change for jugar is u > ue"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 71, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.1", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; use each verb only once.", "extra": ["almorzar, cerrar, empezar, jugar, pensar, recordar"], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ la ventana del salón porque hay mucho ruido afuera.", "2. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. de la situación del mundo?", "3. Los muchachos y las muchachas ___________________ al béisbol todas las tardes a las cinco.", "4. Al mediodía, nosotros ___________________ en un restaurante económico con los colegas del trabajo.", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú toda la letra de las canciones?", "6. La maestra ___________________ la clase a las seis en punto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cierro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "piensa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Recuerdas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.1 1. cierro 2. piensa 3. juegan 4. almorzamos 5. Recuerdas 6. empieza", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cierro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "piensa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Recuerdas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cierro 2. piensa 3. juegan 4. almorzamos 5. Recuerdas 6. empieza"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -er have two possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entender to understand", "yo entiendo", "nosotros entendemos", "tú entiendes", "vosotros entendéis", "ella entiende", "ellas entienden", "querer to want", "yo quiero", "tú quieres", "él quiere", "nosotros queremos", "vosotros queréis", "ellos quieren", "perder to lose", "yo pierdo", "tú pierdes", "Ud. pierde", "tener to have", "yo tengo", "tú tienes", "ella tiene", "nosotros perdemos", "vosotros perdéis", "Uds. pierden", "nosotros tenemos", "vosotros tenéis", "ellas tienen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Tener also has an irregular yo form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["devolver to return (something), to give back", "yo devuelvo", "nosotros devolvemos", "tú devuelves", "vosotros devolvéis", "ella devuelve", "ellas devuelven", "poder to be able, can, may", "yo puedo", "nosotros podemos", "tú puedes", "vosotros podéis", "él puede", "ellos pueden", "volver to return", "yo vuelvo", "tú vuelves", "Ud. vuelve", "nosotros volvemos", "vosotros volvéis", "Uds. vuelven"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer to do, to make", "yo hago", "nosotros hacemos", "tú haces", "vosotros hacéis", "él hace", "ellos hacen", "poner to put", "yo pongo", "tú pones", "ella pone", "nosotros ponemos", "vosotros ponéis", "ellas ponen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["saber to know (a fact), to know how", "yo sé", "tú sabes", "Ud sabe", "nosotros sabemos", "vosotros sabéis", "Uds. saben", "ver to see", "yo veo", "tú ves", "é ve", "nosotros vemos", "vosotros veis", "ellos ven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Sentence Formation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned to form sentences and questions with one verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un gato.", "¿Tiene ella un perro?", "She has a cat.", "Does she have a dog:"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word order in English and Spanish is basically the same. This allows you to put two verbs together in a similar sequence. Note that the negative word no comes directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no quiero cantar.", "Ellos quieren leer un libro.", "Podemos bailar bien.", "Sí, sabemos cantar bien también.", "I don't want to sing", "They want to read a book.", "We are able to dance well.", "Yes, we know how to sing well also"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can even string three verbs together in one sentence!"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Susana quiere poder hablar", "español.", "Él quiere poder correr en", "el maratón.", "Susan wants to be able to speak", "Spanish.", "He wants to be able to run in", "the marathon"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.2", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb form, using the infinitive provided.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El muchacho ___________________ nadar y las amigas de él ___________________ bailar. (saber)", "2. No sabemos donde estamos porque siempre ___________________ las direcciones. (perder)", "3. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. durante la primavera? (hacer)", "4. Yo ___________________ una pluma y él ___________________ un libro difícil. Nosotros ___________________ mucha tarea para la clase. (tener)", "5. El gerente ___________________ a la casa a las ocho y media los lunes. (volver)", "6. Los estudiantes ___________________ la pregunta. (entender)", "7. Yo ___________________ viajar porque tengo mucho dinero. (poder)", "8. Nosotros ___________________ los pájaros en el parque. (ver)", "9. Federico ___________________ los libros a la biblioteca. (devolver)", "10. Yo ___________________ los platos en la mesa. (poner)", "11. La turista ___________________ estar en los Estados Unidos el miércoles. (querer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sabe, saben", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "tengo, tiene, tenemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "entienden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "puedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "vemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pongo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.2 1. sabe, saben 2. perdemos 3. hace 4. tengo, tiene, tenemos 5. vuelve 6. entienden 7. puedo 8. vemos 9. devuelve 10. pongo 11. quiere", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sabe, saben", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "tengo, tiene, tenemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "entienden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "puedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "vemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pongo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sabe, saben 2. perdemos 3. hace 4. tengo, tiene, tenemos 5. vuelve 6. entienden 7. puedo 8. vemos 9. devuelve 10. pongo 11. quiere"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.3", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following English sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I know where there is an inexpensive restaurant on Fifth Avenue.", "2. Carlos doesn’t want to make a date with the dentist.", "3. We don’t want to clean the apartment today.", "4. I see a gray cat and a blue bird.", "5. She understands the ideas, but she doesn’t want to talk.", "6. Who is able to sing and dance at the party?", "7. I do the homework at eight o’clock on Mondays.", "8. We want to return to work on Tuesday."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Queremos volver al trabajo el martes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.3 1. Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida. 2. Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista. 3. No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy. 4. Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul. 5. Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar. 6. ¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta? 7. Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes. 8. Queremos volver al trabajo el martes.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Queremos volver al trabajo el martes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida. 2. Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista. 3. No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy. 4. Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul. 5. Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar. 6. ¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta? 7. Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes. 8. Queremos volver al trabajo el martes."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -ir have three possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mentir to lie", "yo miento", "tú mientes", "él miente", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentís", "ellos mienten", "preferir to prefer", "yo prefiero", "tú prefieres", "ella prefere", "nosotros preferimos", "vosotros preteris", "ellas preferen", "venir to come", "yo vengo", "tú vienes", "Ud. viene", "nosotros venimos", "vosotros venís", "Uds. vienen", "NOTE: Venir also has an irregular yo form"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 75, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > i"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pedir to ask for, to request", "yo pido", "nosotros pedimos", "tú pides", "vosotros pedís", "Ud. pide", "Uds. piden", "seguir to follow, to continue", "yo sigo", "nosotros seguimos", "tú sigues vosotros seguís", "ella sigue ellas siguen", "sonreír to smile", "yo sonrío", "nosotros sonreímos", "tú sonríes", "vosotros sonreís", "él contia", "ellos sonríen", "repetir to repeat", "yo repito", "nosotros repetimos", "tú repites", "vosotros repetís", "él repite", "ellos repiten", "servir to serve", "yo sirvo", "tú sirves", "Ud. sirve", "nosotros servimos", "vosotros servís", "Uds. sirven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 75, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0076-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dormir to sleep", "yo duermo", "tú duermes", "é duerme", "nosotros dormimos", "vosotros dormís", "ellos duermen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 76, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["oir to hear", "yo oigo", "nosotros oímos", "tú oyes", "vosotros oís", "ella oye", "ellas oyen", "NOTE: Oyes, oye, and oyen reflect a spelling change (that clarifies the", "pronunciation) rather than a stem change.", "salir to leave, to exit, to go out", "yo salgo", "nosotros salimos", "tú sales", "vosotros salís", "Ud. sale", "Uds. salen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 76, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.4", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; use each verb only once.", "extra": ["dormir, mentir, oír, preferir, repetir, salir, seguir, servir, venir"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. la pregunta si ellas saben la respuesta?", "2. La niña ___________________ mucho y sus padres están enojados con ella.", "3. La fiesta es horrible; hay mucho ruido y humo. Ana quiere ___________________.", "4. Nosotros ___________________ ocho horas cada noche y podemos trabajar bien durante el día.", "5. Ella no sabe donde vive María, pero ella tiene un mapa y puede ___________________ las direcciones a la casa.", "6. Ellos ___________________ a Nueva York a ver los museos.", "7. ¿Pueden Uds. ___________________ bien las voces de los estudiantes?", "8. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. hacer, jugar al tenis o nadar?", "9. A las nueve de la mañana, la cafetería abre y los camareros ___________________ el desayuno."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "repite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "miente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dormimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "seguir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "oír", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "sirven", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.4 1. repite 2. miente 3. salir 4. dormimos 5. seguir 6. vienen 7. oír 8. prefiere 9. sirven", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "repite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "miente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dormimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "seguir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "oír", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "sirven", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. repite 2. miente 3. salir 4. dormimos 5. seguir 6. vienen 7. oír 8. prefiere 9. sirven"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.5", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans5", "instruction": "Respond aloud to the following questions.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A qué hora almuerza Ud.? ¿Come Ud. mucho?", "2. ¿Duerme Ud. bien? ¿Tiene Ud. sueños dulces?", "3. ¿Tienes las llaves del edificio donde trabajas?", "4. ¿Cuál prefiere Ud. beber, el vino blanco o el vino tinto?", "5. ¿Qué hace Ud. el fin de semana?", "6. ¿Quiénes sonríen más, los hombres, las mujeres, o los niños?", "7. ¿Sabe Ud. jugar al tenis?", "8. ¿Dónde pones los platos, los tenedores, las cucharas y los cuchillos?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "6.5 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.6", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below.", "extra": ["almorzar, cerrar, dormir, empezar, encontrar, entender, estar, hacer, hay, jugar, poder, poner, preferir, recordar, saber, salir, seguir, ser, servir, tener, venir, ver, volver"], "prompts": ["1. A las ocho de la mañana, los empleados abren la puerta de la oficina y entran. A las ocho de la noche, ellos ___________________ la puerta y ___________________.", "2. Los muchachos estudian todo el día en la escuela. A las tres de la tarde, si hace sol, ellos ___________________ al béisbol.", "3. A mediodía, nosotros ___________________ en un restaurante económico con los amigos del trabajo.", "4. La maestra ___________________ las lecciones a las seis.", "5. ¿Quién ___________________ la letra de las canciones?", "6. Ella ___________________ la pregunta pero no ___________________ la respuesta correcta.", "7. Yo toco el piano pero ___________________ tocar la guitarra.", "8. Yo ___________________ mil dólares en el banco y cien dólares en la mano.", "9. ¿Por qué quiere él ___________________ presidente?", "10. Nosotros ___________________ el camino a la casa de Sara.", "11. Los dos niños ___________________ nueve horas cada noche.", "12. No puedo ___________________ un hotel barato en la ciudad.", "13. Laura ___________________ a la oficina porque quiere hablar con el jefe.", "14. Nosotros ___________________ cansados porque tenemos que trabajar.", "15. ¿ ___________________ Ud. preparar una torta deliciosa para la fiesta?", "16. En el campo, yo ___________________ los árboles y los pájaros; en la ciudad, yo ___________________ los edificios altos.", "17. ¿Por qué no ___________________ manzanas rojas en el supermercado?", "18. El viaje es largo y queremos ___________________ a casa.", "19. Yo ___________________ las cucharas, los cuchillos y los tenedores en la mesa y Teresa ___________________ la comida.", "20. Ellos prefieren ___________________ la tarea a las diez de la noche; yo ___________________ la tarea a las siete de la mañana."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cierran, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "entiende, recuerda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "prefiero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tengo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "seguimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "duermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "encontrar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Puede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "veo, veo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "volver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "pongo, sirve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "hacer, hago", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.6 1. cierran, salen 2. juegan 3. almorzamos 4. empieza 5. sabe 6. entiende, recuerda 7. prefiero 8. tengo 9. ser 10. seguimos 11. duermen 12. encontrar 13. viene 14. estamos 15. Puede 16. veo, veo 17. hay 18. volver 19. pongo, sirve 20. hacer, hago", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cierran, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "entiende, recuerda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "prefiero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tengo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "seguimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "duermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "encontrar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Puede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "veo, veo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "volver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "pongo, sirve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "hacer, hago", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cierran, salen 2. juegan 3. almorzamos 4. empieza 5. sabe 6. entiende, recuerda 7. prefiero 8. tengo 9. ser 10. seguimos 11. duermen 12. encontrar 13. viene 14. estamos 15. Puede 16. veo, veo 17. hay 18. volver 19. pongo, sirve 20. hacer, hago"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.7", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿En qué piso viven los amigos de Pablo? ¿Son ellos de Perú? ¿Hablan bien el inglés?", "2. ¿De qué habla Ud.? ¿Con quién hablan Uds.?", "3. Sebastián sale de la casa de Carla a las ocho de la mañana. Llega a la oficina a las nueve. Él trabaja ocho horas. ¿A qué hora puede llegar a la casa de Carla?", "4. ¿Por qué hay un árbol en la casa?", "5. Ser o no ser.", "6. Al mediodía, entramos en el edificio y subimos al tercer piso; a las tres de la tarde, bajamos al primer piso y salimos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Why is there a tree in the house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "To be or not to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.7 1. What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English? 2. What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking? 3. Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house? 4. Why is there a tree in the house? 5. To be or not to be. 6. At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Why is there a tree in the house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "To be or not to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English? 2. What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking? 3. Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house? 4. Why is there a tree in the house? 5. To be or not to be. 6. At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El tren"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El tren llega a tiempo como siempre. Llega a las cuatro y veintiséis. Subo al tren con algunas personas y viajo a la ciudad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cerca de mí, una mujer duerme. Ella descansa completamente. Pienso que tiene sueños dulces. Un hombre lee un periódico. Las noticias son interesantes hoy; él lee con mucho interés. ¿Qué lee? ¿Está interesado en los deportes o los negocios o los eventos internacionales? Es imposible saber. Un niño grita y después sonríe. Un hombre a mi lado escribe cartas de amor. Otras personas hablan por teléfono. Hablan y hablan. Ellos tienen muchos amigos. Trato de escuchar las conversaciones. A veces, quiero hablar con alguien pero prefiero viajar sola con mis libros y mis cuadernos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El tren llega a la ciudad a las cinco y cuatro. Camino con la muchedumbre hacia las salidas. La estación del tren es grande y hermosa. Hay restaurantes en el sótano y farmacias y tiendas en el primer piso. Salgo de la estación. No hay mucho sol, menos mal. La gente pasa. El tiempo pasa. ¿Qué hago ahora, con muchas posibilidades? (Prefiero el campo donde hay menos decisiones.) ¿Qué hago yo después de mi viaje en el tren? Hay teatro y cine, conciertos y museos. Puedo comer en un buen restaurante o escuchar música gratis en el parque. ¿En qué dirección camino? No, es mejor volver al tren; en el tren todo es seguro. Siempre sale y llega a su destino. El próximo tren sale precisamente a las cinco y veinte. Afortunadamente, hay tiempo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es la hora pico. Corro con la muchedumbre al tren. Subimos. Tomamos asiento. Abrimos los libros, las revistas, los periódicos y descansamos, contentos de estar de nuevo en el tren."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos (Verbs)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar seguro", "hablar por teléfono", "legar a tiempo", "pensar en", "ser imposible", "ser seguro", "subir al tren", "tomar asiento", "to be sure", "to speak by (on the) phone", "to arrive on time", "to think about", "to be impossible", "to be safe", "to get on the train", "to take a seat"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la hora pico", "la muchedumbre", "la salida", "el sótano", "the rush hour", "the crowd", "the exit", "the basement", "the theater"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preposiciones (Prepositions)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cerca de mí", "a mi lado", "near me", "at my side"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a veces", "afortunadamente", "completamente", "de nuevo", "después de", "+ infinitive", "gratis", "hacia", "menos mal", "mejor", "at times", "fortunately", "completely", "again", "after (doing something,", "free (in cost)", "toward", "luckily", "better"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es largo el viaje a la ciudad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo son los pasajeros que viajan en el tren?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Sabe Ud. si el personaje principal es hombre o mujer? ¿Cómo sabe Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Después de salir de la estación, ¿en qué piensa el personaje?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué decide hacer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Pasa el personaje mucho tiempo en la ciudad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. ¿Por qué vuelve al tren?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch7", "number": 7, "title": "Ir and the Future", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ir (to go)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugation of ir (English to go) is irregular in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0082-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo voy I am going, 1 go", "tú vas you are going, you go", "él va he is going, he goes", "ella va she is going, she goes", "Ud. va you are going, you go", "Vamos a la ciudad.", "¿ Vas tú a la playa los domingos?", "Ellas van a la tienda.", ": Adonde van ellos ?", "Voy al banco los miércoles.", "¿ Quieres ir con nosotros?", "Quiero ir al supermercado.", "nosotros vamos we are going, we go", "vosotros vais", "you are going, you go", "ellos van", "they are going, they go", "ellas van", "they are going, they go", "Uds. van", "you are going, you go", "We are going to the city.", "Do you go to the beach on Sundays?", "They are going to the store.", "(To) where are they going?", "I go to the bank on Wednesdays.", "Do you want to go with us!", "I want to go to the supermarket."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 82, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Verb ir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Whether this verb is translated to go or to be going depends on the context of the sentence."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.1", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre y la mujer ___________________ al trabajo a las siete de la mañana.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ al cine los sábados.", "3. ¿Quiere Ud. ___________________ con nosotros?", "4. La estudiante ___________________ a la escuela los martes.", "5. Los niños quieren ___________________ al circo porque quieren ver los elefantes.", "6. Yo ___________________ al gimnasio porque quiero hacer ejercicio.", "7. ¿ ___________________ tú al campo los fines de semana?", "8. Ernesto no quiere ___________________ a España pero Mariana sí quiere ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "voy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Vas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ir, ir", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.1 1. van 2. vamos 3. ir 4. va 5. ir 6. voy 7. Vas 8. ir, ir", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "voy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Vas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ir, ir", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. van 2. vamos 3. ir 4. va 5. ir 6. voy 7. Vas 8. ir, ir"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future with the Verb ir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ir + a + an infinitive is used to express future time. The English equivalent is to be going to (do something)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos van a cantar esta noche.", "Vamos a decidir más tarde.", "They are going to sing tonight", "We are going to decide later."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form a question using this construction, place the subject of the sentence either directly after the conjugated form of ir or after the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Van ellos a cantar esta noche?", "¿ Van a cantar ellos esta noche?", "¿A qué hora va a llegar el tren?", "Are they going to sing tonight!", "Are they going to sing tonight!", "At what hour is the train going"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the subject pronoun is not necessary."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Vas a viajar a España?", "Vamos a salir ahora.", "Are you going to travel to Spain:", "We are going to leave now."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following frequently used -ar verbs will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aceptar", "apagar", "arreglar", "cambiar", "celebrar", "to accept", "to turn off", "to arrange, to fix", "to change", "to celebrate", "cruzar", "dibujar", "disfrutar", "doblar", "explicar", "to cross", "to draw", "to enjoy", "to turn, to fold", "to explain"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["firmar", "gozar", "llorar", "manejar", "marcar", "necesitar", "parar", "to sign", "to enjoy", "to cry", "to drive", "to dial, to mark", "to need", "to stop", "pintar", "preparar", "repasar", "terminar", "tirar", "usar", "viajar", "to paint", "to prepare", "to revieu", "to finish", "to throu", "to use", "to travel"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 84, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.2", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the Spanish verb or expression. Remember that the Spanish preposition a follows the verb ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde ____________________ (to be going to be) Marí y Sara a las diez esta noche?", "2. Samuel ____________________ (to be going to sign) un documento mañana.", "3. Mañana, yo ____________________ (to be going to finish) la tarea.", "4. ¿Quién ____________________ (to be going to buy) los tiquetes para el viaje?", "5. Nosotros ____________________ (to be going to celebrate) el cumpleaños de Ana el sábado.", "6. Él no ____________________ (to be going to accept) la invitación.", "7. Nosotros ____________________ (to be going to enjoy) el verano este año porque nosotros ____________________ (to go) a Chile.", "8. Esta noche yo ____________________ (to be going to cook). No quiero ____________________ (to go) a un restaurante.", "9. ¿Quién ____________________ (to be going to turn off) las luces?", "10. ¿Cómo ____________________ (to be going to spend) Uds. el día de acción de gracias?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Elena", "va a viajar", "- (to be going to travel) a Portugal", "Ella necesita", "_ (to need) aprender el portugués.", "a veces", "afortunadamente", "completamente", "de nuevo", "después de", "+ infinitive", "gratis", "hacia", "menos mal", "mejor", "at times", "fortunately", "completely", "again", "after (doing something)", "free (in cost)", "toward", "luckily", "better", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "3. ¿Sabe Ud. si el personaje principal es hombre o mujer? ¿Cómo sabe", "Ud.?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "van a estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "va a firmar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "voy a terminar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "va a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vamos a celebrar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "va a aceptar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vamos a disfrutar, vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "voy a cocinar, ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "va a apagar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "van a pasar", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.2 1. van a estar 2. va a firmar 3. voy a terminar 4. va a comprar 5. vamos a celebrar 6. va a aceptar 7. vamos a disfrutar, vamos 8. voy a cocinar, ir 9. va a apagar 10. van a pasar", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "van a estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "va a firmar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "voy a terminar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "va a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vamos a celebrar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "va a aceptar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vamos a disfrutar, vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "voy a cocinar, ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "va a apagar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "van a pasar", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. van a estar 2. va a firmar 3. voy a terminar 4. va a comprar 5. vamos a celebrar 6. va a aceptar 7. vamos a disfrutar, vamos 8. voy a cocinar, ir 9. va a apagar 10. van a pasar"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Idioms are expressions that do not translate directly from one language to another. Instead of saying, for example, how old someone or something is, Spanish uses the verb tener, to have."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0085-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo tengo treinta años.", "1 am thirty years old. (literally", "I have thirty years.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.6666666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 85, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Idioms with the Verb tener"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Indeed, there are many Spanish idioms that use the verb tener."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0085-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener", "años", "tener calor", "tener celos", "tener cuidado", "tener la culpar", "tener dolor de (cabeza,", "estómago, etc.)", "tener envidia", "tener éxito", "tener frío", "tener ganas de", "tener hambre", "tener la palabra", "tener lugar", "tener miedo de", "tener prisa", "tener que ver con", "tener rabia", "tener razón", "tener sed", "tener sueño", "tener suerte", "tener vergüenza", "to be", "- years old", "to be hot", "to be jealous", "to be careful", "to be at fault", "to have a (head)ache, (stomach)ache, etc", "to be envious", "to be successful, to have success", "to be cold", "to want, to desire", "to be hungry", "to have the floor", "to take place", "to be afraid of", "to be in a hurry", "to have to do with", "to be in a rage, to be very angry", "to be right", "to be thirsty", "to be sleepy", "to be lucky, to have luck", "to be ashamed"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 85, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.3", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans3", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuántos años tienes?", "2. ¿Tiene Ud. frío en el invierno donde vive?", "3. ¿Es necesario tener cuidado en las calles de una ciudad grande?", "4. ¿Tiene Ud. dolor de cabeza ahora?", "5. ¿En qué profesión tiene Ud. éxito?", "6. ¿Tiene Ud. ganas de tomar una cerveza fría o prefiere el vino blanco?", "7. ¿A qué hora tiene Ud. hambre?", "8. ¿Tiene Ud. miedo del agua? ¿Sabe Ud. nadar?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "7.3 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.4", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate idiom of tener in the correct form. Use each idiom no more than once.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Si Uds. ____________________, ¿comen mucho?", "2. Si una persona ____________________, bebe agua.", "3. Siempre gano los premios; yo ____________________, ¿es verdad?", "4. Los muchachos quieren mirar televisión hasta las diez, pero los padres ____________________ y quieren dormir.", "5. En el invierno, nosotros ____________________ en las montañas. Vamos de vacaciones al Caribe y si ____________________ nadamos en el océano.", "6. ¿Quién quiere hablar? Estamos listos para escuchar las nuevas ideas. Irene ____________________.", "7. ¿ ____________________ tú ____________________ de hablar delante de mucha gente en una conferencia grande?", "8. Yo ____________________. ¡Quiero salir ahora!", "9. Él no tiene mucho dinero pero ____________________ en la vida.", "10. Janet ____________________ de cabeza y no puede ir al trabajo.", "11. ¿Es importante ____________________ en situaciones peligrosas?", "12. Irene tiene una buena respuesta. Ramón tiene una respuesta excelente. No sabemos quien ____________________.", "13. ¿Dónde ____________________ la fiesta?", "14. Nosotros ____________________ de ir a la playa el sábado.", "15. ¿Cuántos ____________________ el hermano de Rafael?", "16. Es una respuesta excelente, pero ¿qué ____________________ la pregunta?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tienen hambre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tengo suerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "tienen sueño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tenemos frío, tenemos calor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tiene la palabra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Tienes (tú) miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tengo prisa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tiene dolor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tener cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tiene lugar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "tenemos ganas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "años tiene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "tiene que ver con", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.4 1. tienen hambre 2. tiene sed 3. tengo suerte 4. tienen sueño 5. tenemos frío, tenemos calor 6. tiene la palabra 7. Tienes (tú) miedo 8. tengo prisa 9. tiene éxito 10. tiene dolor 11. tener cuidado 12. tiene razón 13. tiene lugar 14. tenemos ganas 15. años tiene 16. tiene que ver con", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tienen hambre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tengo suerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "tienen sueño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tenemos frío, tenemos calor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tiene la palabra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Tienes (tú) miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tengo prisa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tiene dolor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tener cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tiene lugar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "tenemos ganas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "años tiene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "tiene que ver con", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tienen hambre 2. tiene sed 3. tengo suerte 4. tienen sueño 5. tenemos frío, tenemos calor 6. tiene la palabra 7. Tienes (tú) miedo 8. tengo prisa 9. tiene éxito 10. tiene dolor 11. tener cuidado 12. tiene razón 13. tiene lugar 14. tenemos ganas 15. años tiene 16. tiene que ver con"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Other Idioms"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0087-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acabar de + infinitive to have just (done something)", "yo acabo de llegar", "I have just arrived", "tú acabas de cantar", "él acaba de salir", "you have just sung", "he has just left", "nosotros acabamos de decidir", "we have just decided", "vosotros acabáis de pagar", "you have just paid", "ellos acaban de volver", "they have just returned", "NOTE: The present tense of acabar de + infinitive is translated in En-", "glish as the present perfect tense + just.", "dejar de + infinitive to stop (doing something)", "yo dejo de fumar", "I stop smoking", "tú dejas de comer", "you stop eating", "ella deja de bailar", "she stops dancing", "nosotros dejamos de trabajar", "we stop working", "vosotros dejáis de beber", "you stop drinking", "ellas dejan de estudiar", "they stop studying", "tener que + infinitive to have to (do something)", "yo tengo que ir", "I have to go", "tú tienes que cocinar", "you have to cook", "él tiene que hablar", "he has to speak", "nosotros tenemos que caminar", "we have to walk", "vosotros tenéis que escuchar", "you have to listen", "ellos tienen que descansar", "they have to rest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 87, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0088-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tratar de + infinitive to try to (do something)", "yo trato de leer", "I try to read", "tú tratas de limpiar", "you try to clean", "Ud. trata de contestar", "you try to answer", "nosotros tratamos de escribir", "we try to write", "vosotros tratáis de correr", "you try to run", "Uds. tratan de nadar", "you try to swim", "volver a + infinitive to do (something) again", "yo vuelvo a leer", "I read again", "tú vuelves a cocinar", "you cook again", "Ud. vuelve a mentir", "you lie again", "nosotros volvemos a conversar", "we speak again", "vosotros volvéis a cantar", "you sing again", "Uds. vuelven a ganar", "you win again"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 88, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.5", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following letter with the appropriate idiomatic expression. Choose from the expressions listed below.", "extra": ["acabar de, dejar de, tener que, tratar de", "Queridos amigos,", "Yo ____________________ (1.) llegar a Lisboa en Portugal. La ciudad es bonita pero no entiendo el portugués. Yo ____________________ (2.) aprender a hablar el idioma si quiero gozar del país. Voy a ____________________ (3.) empezar las clases mañana. No debo ____________________ (4.) viajar porque aprendo mucho del país y de la gente.", "Hasta pronto."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "acabo de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tratar de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dejar de", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.5 1. acabo de 2. tengo que 3. tratar de 4. dejar de", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "acabo de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tratar de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dejar de", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. acabo de 2. tengo que 3. tratar de 4. dejar de"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Useful Words: que and para"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Relative Pronoun que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish que (English that, which, or who) is the most common relative pronoun in everyday speech. Que can refer to persons or things, either singular or plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El programa que miro los", "viernes es interesante.", "Los platos, que acabo de", "comprar, son verdes.", "Ella tiene un amigo que vive", "en el campo.", "The program that I watch on", "Fridays is interesting.", "The plates, which I have just", "bought, are green.", "She has a friend who lives in the", "countryside."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The relative pronoun que can also be used after prepositions. As the object of a preposition, que refers to a thing or things only. It does not refer to a person or persons."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro en que escribimos", "es viejo.", "No entiendo el tema de que", "habla.", "Ella tiene un bastón con que", "caminar", "The book in which we write is old.", "I don't understand the theme of", "which you speak.", "She has a cane with which to walk"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Conjunction que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "One of the uses of conjunctions is to join two sentences into a single sentence. Spanish que (English that) used as a conjunction may join a main clause and a dependent (or subordinate) clause to form a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El maestro sabe que los", "estudiantes entienden.", "Él piensa que la lección es fácil.", "Veo que el tren viene.", "The teacher knows that the students", "understand.", "He thinks that the lesson is easy.", "I see that the train is coming."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English word that, whether it is used as a relative pronoun or as a conjunction, is often omitted. For example, it is correct in English to say either the program I see or the program that I see, and to say I think the lesson is easy or I think that the lesson is easy. In Spanish, que is never omitted."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Preposition para"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Para has two meanings in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• for"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José tiene dos libros para la clase.", "La pregunta es para María.", "Mañana, el barco sale para Cuba.", "Los guantes son para el invierno.", "¿ Hay una carta para nosotros?", "Ella va a estudiar para el examen.", "Joe has two books for the class.", "The question is for María.", "Tomorrow the boat sails for Cuba", "The gloves are for the winter.", "Is there a letter for us?", "She is going to study for the exam"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 90, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• in order to"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0090-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Comemos para vivir.", "Ella baila para estar alegre.", "El estudia para ser doctor:", "Corro para llegar a tiempo.", "Sara hace ejercicios para cantar:", "We eat in order to live.", "She dances in order to be happy.", "He studies in order to be a doctor", "I run in order to arrive on time.", "Sarah does exercises in order", "to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 90, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.6", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by translating the English phrase in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella viene a la clase ____________________ (in order to learn).", "2. Yo sé ____________________ (that she is here).", "3. El hombre ____________________ (who lives here) es guapo.", "4. ¿Piensa Ud. ____________________ (that I should go)?", "5. Él practica ____________________ (in order to play) el piano.", "6. ¿ ____________________ (for whom) es la pregunta?", "7. Las llaves ____________________ (that I need) están en el carro.", "8. ¿Tiene Ud. una habitación ____________________ (for two persons)?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que ella está aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que vive aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "que yo debo ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para tocar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Para quién", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "que necesito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "para dos personas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.6 1. para aprender 2. que ella está aquí 3. que vive aquí 4. que yo debo ir 5. para tocar 6. Para quién 7. que necesito 8. para dos personas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que ella está aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que vive aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "que yo debo ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para tocar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Para quién", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "que necesito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "para dos personas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. para aprender 2. que ella está aquí 3. que vive aquí 4. que yo debo ir 5. para tocar 6. Para quién 7. que necesito 8. para dos personas"}]}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la articulación", "la barba", "la barbilla", "la boca", "el brazo", "el cabello", "la cabeza", "la cadera", "la cara", "la ceja", "la cintura", "el codo", "la columna", "el cuello", "el dedo", "el dedo del pie", "el diente", "las encías", "la espalda", "la frente", "la garganta", "el hombro", "la lengua", "a man", "the joint", "the beard", "the chin", "the mouth", "the arm", "the hair", "the head", "the hip", "the face", "the eyebrow", "the waist", "the elbow", "the spine", "the neck", "the finger", "the toe", "the tooth", "the gums", "the back", "the forehead", "the throat", "the shoulder", "the tongue", "the hand", "la mejilla", "la muñeca", "el muslo", "las nalgas", "la nariz", "la nuca", "el oído", "el ojo", "la oreja", "el párpado", "el pecho", "el pelo", "la pestaña", "el pie", "la piel", "la pierna", "el pulgar", "la quijada", "la rodilla", "los senos", "el talón", "el tobillo", "la uña", "the cheek", "the wrist", "the thigh", "the buttocks", "the nose", "the nape", "the inner ear", "the eye", "the ear", "the eyelid", "the chest", "the hair", "the eyelash", "the foot", "the skin", "the leg", "the thumb", "the jaw", "the knee", "the breasts", "the heel", "the ankle", "the nail"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 23, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 91, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["las amígdalas", "la arteria", "el cerebro", "el corazón", "las costillas", "el estómago", "el hígado", "the tonsils", "the artery", "the brain", "the heart", "the ribs", "the stomach", "the liver", "el hueso", "el músculo", "el pulmón", "el riñón", "la sangre", "el tendón", "las venas", "the bone", "the muscle", "the lung", "the kidney", "the blood", "the tendon", "the veins"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 14, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 91, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the definite articles el, la, los, and las are used more frequently than the possessive adjective, especially with parts of the body. In English we would use a possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, our, their)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0092-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un problema en el pie.", "Él tiene dolor del tobillo y no", "puede caminar bien.", "El niño tiene las manos sucias.", "Tenemos veinte dedos; diez en", "las manos y diez en los pies.", "She has a problem with her foot.", "He has a pain in his toe and can't", "walk well.", "The boy has dirty hands. (His hands", "are dirty.)", "We have twenty digits: ten on our", "hands and ten on our feet."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 92, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "La familia"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you learn the names for family members, you will see that the plural takes the masculine form when it includes more than one male or a male and female pair. For example, el padre means the father; la madre means the mother. The father and mother together are the parents, which in Spanish is expressed as los padres."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0092-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los bisabuelos", "el bisabuelo", "la bisabuela", "los abuelos", "el abuelo", "la abuela", "los padres", "el padre", "la madre", "los parientes", "el pariente", "la pariente", "el tío, la tía", "el esposo / el marido, la esposa", "el hijo, la hija", "el hermano, la hermana", "el nieto, la nieta", "el primo, la prima", "el sobrino, la sobrina", "el suegro, la suegra", "the great-grandparents", "the great-grandfather", "the great-grandmother", "the grandparents", "the grandfather", "the grandmother", "the parents", "the father", "the mother", "the relatives", "the (male) relative", "the (female) relative", "the uncle, the aunt", "the husband, the wife", "the son, the daughter", "the brother, the sister", "the grandson, the granddaughter", "the (male) cousin, the (female) cousin", "the nephew, the niece", "the father-in-law, the mother-in-law"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 20, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 92, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el yerno, la nuera", "el cuñado, la cuñada", "el padrastro, la madrastra", "el padrino, la madrina", "el ahijado, la ahijada", "the son-in-law, the daughter-in-law", "the brother-in-law, the sister-in-lau", "the stepfather, the stepmother", "the godfather, the godmother", "the godson, the goddaughter"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Time Expressions with hacer"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To ask how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the present tense. The translation of this construction is equivalent to the present perfect tense in English. The action begins in the past and continues into the present."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto tiempo hace que + verb in the present tense", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que", "Hou long have you been living here!", "Ud. vive aquí?", "(literally, How much time does it", "make that you live here?)", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que él", "estudia el francés?", "¿Cuánto tiempo hace que", "Uds. viajan?", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que la", "muchacha mira televisión?", "How long has he been studying", "French?", "How long have you been traveling?", "How long has the girl been watching"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8414634146341463, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To answer the question of how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the following expression."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hace + length of time + que + verb in the present tense", "Hace quince años que yo", "I have been living here for fifteen", "vivo aquí.", "years. (literally, It makes fifteen", "years that I live here.)", "Hace un mes que él estudia", "el francés.", "Hace seis semanas que", "viajamos.", "Hace una hora que ella mira", "televisión.", "He has been studying French for", "a month.", "We have been traveling for six weeks", "She has been watching television", "for an hour."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9705882352941176, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About “How Long”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The hace + the length of time + que + the verb in the present tense construction looks complicated because the English translation uses the present perfect tense. But in Spanish, whenever you want to express how long someone has been doing something, just use the present tense."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.7", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the infinitives listed below; use each verb no more than once.", "extra": ["abrir, beber, cerrar, cocinar, comer, correr, deber, dormir, empezar, estar, hacer, ir, jugar, nadar, perder, saber, salir, ser, tener que, trabajar, tratar, vivir"], "prompts": ["1. María y Tomás van a España. El viaje va a _________________ fantástico.", "2. Susana practica para poder _________________ en el maratón.", "3. ¿Vas a _________________ arroz con pollo para la familia?", "4. La parte de la cabeza que _________________ entre el pelo y los ojos es la frente.", "5. Nosotros _________________ los ojos para dormir.", "6. Yo _________________ la boca para hablar, pero las palabras no _________________.", "7. Enrique _________________ de estudiar pero prefiere jugar al tenis.", "8. Para aprender bien, los estudiantes _________________ que asistir a la clase.", "9. ¿Qué _________________ Ud. si tiene sed? ¿ _________________ agua o jugo?", "10. Ella quiere _________________ a Sudamérica. Ella _________________ en Canadá.", "11. La película popular _________________ a las siete. Nosotros _________________ comprar los tiquetes a las seis.", "12. Yo soy ingeniero y _________________ en el décimo piso del edificio.", "13. El hombre fuerte _________________ ocho horas cada noche; él _________________ vegetales y pescado; _________________ en la piscina del gimnasio en el invierno, y él _________________ al béisbol en el verano.", "14. ¿Quién _________________ la historia de los Estados Unidos?", "15. Ella siempre _________________ las llaves de la casa."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "correr", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cerramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "abro, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "trata", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hace, Bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ir, vive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "empieza, debemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "trabajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "duerme, come, nada, juega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pierde", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.7 1. ser 2. correr 3. cocinar 4. está 5. cerramos 6. abro, salen 7. trata 8. tienen 9. hace, Bebe 10. ir, vive 11. empieza, debemos 12. trabajo 13. duerme, come, nada, juega 14. sabe 15. pierde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "correr", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cerramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "abro, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "trata", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hace, Bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ir, vive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "empieza, debemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "trabajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "duerme, come, nada, juega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pierde", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ser 2. correr 3. cocinar 4. está 5. cerramos 6. abro, salen 7. trata 8. tienen 9. hace, Bebe 10. ir, vive 11. empieza, debemos 12. trabajo 13. duerme, come, nada, juega 14. sabe 15. pierde"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.8", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre quiere ___________________ al partido de béisbol. Él ___________________ siempre los domingos.", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú al cine con Elena? Ella es una mujer simpática.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ a comprar un carro para el cumpleaños de Pablo.", "4. ¿Adónde ___________________ Uds.?", "5. Yo ___________________ a la escuela los lunes y los miércoles. Los martes, ___________________ a la biblioteca para estudiar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ir, va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "voy, voy", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.8 1. ir, va 2. vas 3. vamos 4. van 5. voy, voy", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ir, va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "voy, voy", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ir, va 2. vas 3. vamos 4. van 5. voy, voy"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.9", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb or expression. Choose from the list below; use each option no more than once.", "extra": ["bajar, cocinar, estar, ganar, hacer, hay, leer, llegar, perder, preferir, regresar, saber, salir, ser, subir, tener calor, tener frío, tener hambre, tener miedo, tener razón, tener sed, tener sueño, tomar, venir, volver"], "prompts": ["1. Son las doce de la noche. Carlos no puede dormir bien y _________________. Tomás _________________ y quiere comer.", "2. ¿Quiere Ud. _________________ aquí a Nueva York a ver una obra de teatro?", "3. Ella no quiere _________________ una cita con el doctor porque _________________ de las inyecciones.", "4. Los hijos de Bernarda _________________ de la casa a las siete y media de la mañana. Ellos _________________ a casa a las cuatro.", "5. El viajero _________________ los periódicos y las revistas porque quiere _________________ las noticias del día.", "6. ¿Cuántas guerras _________________ en el mundo?", "7. El hermano de Alicia siempre _________________ el bus para llegar al trabajo, pero Alicia _________________ caminar.", "8. Miguel piensa que va a _________________ mucho dinero este año.", "9. Yo trato de _________________ a tiempo a la clase.", "10. Los dos amigos _________________ de Perú. El apartamento de ellos _________________ en la calle cuarenta y dos con la avenida doce.", "11. Vivo en el décimo piso. Yo _________________ y _________________ en el ascensor.", "12. A las seis de la noche, Elena _________________ a casa y empieza a _________________ una comida para la familia.", "13. Si yo _________________, llevo un suéter extra.", "14. Si ella _________________, va a la playa porque quiere nadar.", "15. ¿Bebe Ud. mucho si _________________?", "16. No jugamos bien al tenis y siempre _________________ el juego.", "17. Julia piensa que el sol es importante. Ramón piensa que la luna es más importante. ¿Quién _________________?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tiene sueño, tiene hambre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "venir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hacer, tiene miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "salen, vuelven", "alternates": ["regresan"]}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lee, saber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "toma, prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ganar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "son, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "subo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": ["vuelve, cocinar"]}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tengo frío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "tiene calor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.9 1. tiene sueño, tiene hambre 2. venir 3. hacer, tiene miedo 4. salen, vuelven {{OR}} regresan 5. lee, saber 6. hay 7. toma, prefiere 8. ganar 9. llegar 10. son, está 11. subo, bajo 12. regresa {{OR}} vuelve, cocinar 13. tengo frío 14. tiene calor 15. tiene sed 16. perdemos 17. tiene razón", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tiene sueño, tiene hambre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "venir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hacer, tiene miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "salen, vuelven", "alternates": ["regresan"]}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lee, saber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "toma, prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ganar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "son, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "subo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": ["vuelve, cocinar"]}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tengo frío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "tiene calor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tiene sueño, tiene hambre 2. venir 3. hacer, tiene miedo 4. salen, vuelven {{OR}} regresan 5. lee, saber 6. hay 7. toma, prefiere 8. ganar 9. llegar 10. son, está 11. subo, bajo 12. regresa {{OR}} vuelve, cocinar 13. tengo frío 14. tiene calor 15. tiene sed 16. perdemos 17. tiene razón"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.10", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate part of the body in each blank.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella tiene _________________ corto. Tiene _________________ azules y una sonrisa hermosa.", "2. La nariz y las cejas son partes de _________________.", "3. Es difícil correr si tenemos dolor del _________________.", "4. Comemos con _________________. Vamos al dentista para cuidar _________________.", "5. Si yo tengo una infección y no puedo oír bien, la infección está en _________________.", "6. Si una persona toma mucho alcohol, va a tener problemas en _________________.", "7. Si una persona tiene asma, el problema está en _________________.", "8. El tobillo, el pie, y la _________________ son partes de la pierna.", "9. Tengo dolor del _________________ y no quiero comer.", "10. Sonreímos con _________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el pelo, los ojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "la cara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "pie", "alternates": ["tobillo"]}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la boca, los dientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "el oído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el hígado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "los pulmones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rodilla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estómago", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los labios", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.10 1. el pelo, los ojos 2. la cara 3. pie {{OR}} tobillo 4. la boca, los dientes 5. el oído 6. el hígado 7. los pulmones 8. rodilla 9. estómago 10. los labios", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el pelo, los ojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la cara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "pie", "alternates": ["tobillo"]}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la boca, los dientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el oído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el hígado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "los pulmones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rodilla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estómago", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los labios", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el pelo, los ojos 2. la cara 3. pie {{OR}} tobillo 4. la boca, los dientes 5. el oído 6. el hígado 7. los pulmones 8. rodilla 9. estómago 10. los labios"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.11", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans11", "instruction": "Review ser and estar, then complete the following sentences.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quién _________________ aquí?", "2. Los guantes del hombre _________________ verdes.", "3. Ella quiere _________________ con su familia en Navidad.", "4. ¿Cómo sabes quién _________________ ella?", "5. _________________ o no _________________. Es la cuestión. (la cuestión = the issue)", "6. El muchacho _________________ contento si no tiene que ir a la escuela.", "7. ¿Estás donde quieres _________________?", "8. Nosotros _________________ buenos amigos.", "9. Jorge _________________ un buen hombre.", "10. La fiesta _________________ en la casa de Manuel.", "11. ¿Cuál _________________ la fecha de hoy? ¿Qué día _________________ hoy?", "12. Yo _________________ de Filadelfia. ¿De dónde _________________ Uds.?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "soy, son", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.11 1. está 2. son 3. estar 4. es 5. Ser, ser 6. está 7. estar 8. somos 9. es 10. es 11. es, es 12. soy, son", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "soy, son", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está 2. son 3. estar 4. es 5. Ser, ser 6. está 7. estar 8. somos 9. es 10. es 11. es, es 12. soy, son"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.12", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans12", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate family member in Spanish. Use each term no more than once.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Graciela tiene sesenta y seis años y tiene dos _________________. El nombre de uno es Enrique; la otra es Felicia.", "2. Enrique tiene treinta años. Felicia tiene treinta y dos años. Ellos son _________________.", "3. Enrique tiene una _________________ bonita de treinta y un años. Ellos tienen dos hijos.", "4. Felicia tiene un _________________ flaco de treinta y cuatro años. Ellos tienen dos hijas.", "5. Los hijos de Enrique y Felicia son jóvenes. Ellos son los _________________ de Graciela.", "6. Los hijos de Enrique y Felicia están contentos porque Graciela es muy simpática y ella es la _________________ de ellos.", "7. El hermano de Felicia es el _________________ de los niños de ella.", "8. La hermana de Enrique es la _________________ de los niños de él.", "9. El hermano del esposo de Felicia es el _________________ de ella.", "10. La hermana del esposo de Felicia es la _________________ de ella.", "11. El padre de la esposa de Enrique es el _________________ de él.", "12. La madre de la esposa de Enrique es la _________________ de él.", "13. El padre del padre de Felicia es el _________________ de ella.", "14. Todos son _________________ de ellos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hijos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "esposa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nietos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "abuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cuñado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuñada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "suegro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "suegra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "parientes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.12 1. hijos 2. hermanos 3. esposa 4. esposo 5. nietos 6. abuela 7. tío 8. tía 9. cuñado 10. cuñada 11. suegro 12. suegra 13. abuelo 14. parientes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hijos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "esposa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nietos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "abuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cuñado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuñada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "suegro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "suegra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "parientes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hijos 2. hermanos 3. esposa 4. esposo 5. nietos 6. abuela 7. tío 8. tía 9. cuñado 10. cuñada 11. suegro 12. suegra 13. abuelo 14. parientes"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La cita"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La sala de espera de este doctor es muy grande porque trabaja solo. Debe tener mucho éxito porque tiene tres secretarias que contestan sus llamadas, hacen las citas, dan consejos sobre los seguros médicos y organizan su horario. Confieso que la sala de espera es común; tiene una mesa como cualquier otra, con revistas de moda para las mujeres y revistas de deportes para los hombres. Hay una mesita con una lámpara en cada rincón del cuarto. Son las dos menos quince. Tomo asiento y escojo una de las revistas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Un hombre amable entra. Él debe tener la primera cita de la tarde. En seguida, una viejecita llega con su hija y toman asiento cerca de mí. Logro escuchar su conversación. La madre tiene dolor de cabeza; su hija no camina bien. Un hombre con el brazo roto entra; después, un muchacho que tiene problemas con el tobillo, una mujer con dolor del cuello y de la espalda, y un hombre simpático con dolor del estómago. Algunos están tranquilos, pero la mayoría de ellos están inquietos. Miran sus relojes a menudo; tratan de leer pero no pueden; tratan de hacer conversación para pasar el tiempo. Mientras tanto, la gente llega y llega y llega. Parece que no va a caber ninguna persona más en la sala pequeña. Pero vienen más y más hasta llenar todo el cuarto con pacientes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Son las dos y media. Por fin, el doctor emerge de su oficina. La secretaria empieza a leer los nombres que están en su lista. Al escuchar su nombre, cada persona desaparece en la oficina por un rato, sale del consultorio, hace otra cita antes de volver a casa. Sigue así toda la tarde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La secretaria ve que todavía estoy aquí. Tenemos esta conversación:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0099-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "¿ Cuál es su nombre?", "Me llamo Isabel.", "¿ Cuál es su apellido?", "Pereira. Mi apellido es Pereira.", "Pero su nombre no aparece en la lista.", "No tengo una cita hoy. Estoy bien de salud.", "¿Quiere Ud. hacer una cita?", "No, estoy bien, gracias.", "La oficina cierra a las seis. Ud. tiene que salir", "Esta bien."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9833333151681083, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 99, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aparecer", "caber", "confesar", "desaparecer", "emerger", "to appear", "to fit", "to confess", "to disappear", "to emerge", "escoger", "lograr", "llenar", "ver", "to choose", "to achieve,", "to succeed in (+ infinitive)", "to fill", "to see"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones verbales"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al escuchar", "dar consejos", "estar inquieto", "estar tranquilo", "parece", "sigue así", "upon listening, upon hearing", "to give advice", "to be nervous, fidgety", "to be calm", "it seems", "it continues in this way"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el apellido", "la cita", "el consultorio", "el horario", "la llamada", "la mayoría", "la moda", "el nombre", "el paciente", "el personaje", "el reloj", "el rincón", "la sala de espera", "la secretaria", "los seguros médicos", "the last name, the surname", "the appointment", "the doctor's office", "the schedule", "the phone call", "the majority", "the style, the fashion", "the name", "the patient", "the character", "the watch", "the corner", "the waiting room", "the secretary", "medical insurance"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 15, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["común", "roto", "solo", "common", "broken", "alone"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menudo", "al final", "frequently", "at the end."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0101-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al principio", "antes de + infinitive", "como cualquier otra", "en seguida", "mientras tanto", "por fin", "por un rato", "at the beginning", "before (doing something)", "like any (whatever) other", "right away", "meanwhile", "at last", "for a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 101, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuál es el nombre del personaje principal?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es la sala de espera?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo están los pacientes?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué pasa a las dos y media?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Cómo puede ser la sala grande al principio del cuento y pequeña al final?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Si Isabel no tiene una cita con el doctor y si no está enferma, ¿por qué está ella en la oficina del doctor?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch8", "number": 8, "title": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Possessive adjectives in Spanish agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Possessive adjectives precede the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mi, mis my"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi hermana quiere ir a España.", "Mis amigos quieren ir a Portugal.", "My sister wants to go to Spain.", "My friends want to go to Portugal"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tu, tus your (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu libro está en la mesa.", "Tus lápices están en la silla.", "Your book is on the table.", "Your pencils are on the chair"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "su, sus your (Ud. form), his, her, their"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, there is only one form for the third-person possessive: the su and sus form. Su is used before a singular noun to show possession; sus is used with a plural noun. Because su / sus can be very ambiguous, the form that you have already learned and used—the noun + de + the pronoun—can be used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pedro y Linda están aquí.", "Necesito su carro.", "¿El carro de él o el carro de ella?", "Sus ideas son fantásticas.", "¿' Las ideas de quién?", "Las ideas de Uds.", "Ellos viven en las montañas.", "Su casa es grande.", "Peter and Linda are here.", "I need his/her/their car.", "His car or her car?", "Your/his/her/their ideas are", "fantastic.", "Whose ideas?", "Your ideas.", "They live in the mountains.", "Their house is big."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella escribe mucho.", "Sus artículos son interesantes.", "She writes a lot.", "Her articles are interesting"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nuestro tren viene.", "Nuestra fiesta va a ser fantástica.", "Nuestros libros son viejos.", "Nuestras computadoras son nuevas.", "Our train is coming", "Our party is going to be fantastic", "Our books are old.", "Our computers are new."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like vosotros, this form is used only in Spain. It is explained here so that you will be aware of it, but when you need a word for your in Spanish, use su or sus."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestro amigo es de España.", "Vuestra casa está en Madrid.", "¿Son españoles vuestros maestros?", "Vuestras amigas son españolas.", "Your friend is from Spain.", "Your house is in Madrid.", "Are your teachers Spanish:", "Your friends are Spanish."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.1", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans1", "instruction": "Complete the sentences using mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus, nuestro, nuestros, nuestra, or nuestras.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Soy estudiante; ___________________ libros están en la mesa.", "2. Él es un profesor excelente; ___________________ ideas son interesantes.", "3. Ellos son abogados; ___________________ clientes pueden ser culpables o inocentes.", "4. Nuestro hermano es profesor; ___________________ padres enseñan también.", "5. Ella es mi abuela; ___________________ casa está en Florida.", "6. El cuñado de Cecilia es carpintero; ___________________ nombre es Manuel.", "7. Uds. son estudiantes; ___________________ libros son nuevos.", "8. Liliana está en Texas; ___________________ hermanas están en Arizona.", "9. Vivo con cuatro amigos y dos gatos; ___________________ casa es grande.", "10. Somos principiantes; ___________________ tarea no es fácil.", "11. Mis primos escriben libros; ___________________ trabajo es interesante.", "12. La hija de Beatriz es doctora; ___________________ hijo es arquitecto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.1 1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. nuestros 5. su 6. su 7. sus 8. sus 9. nuestra 10. nuestra 11. su 12. su", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. nuestros 5. su 6. su 7. sus 8. sus 9. nuestra 10. nuestra 11. su 12. su"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, there are three demonstrative adjectives; they agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0104-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "•", "Masculine", "Near the speaker", "this", "these", "Near the listener", "that", "those", "este", "estos", "ese", "esos", "Far from both speaker and listener", "that (over there)", "aquel", "those (over there)", "aquellos", "Feminine", "esta", "estas", "esa", "esas", "aquella", "aquellas"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 104, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0104-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Este periódico es interesante.", "Esta revista es interesante", "también.", "Estos hombres son fuertes.", "Estas mujeres son fuertes", "también.", "Ese piano es viejo.", "Esa guitarra es nueva.", "Esos libros son caros.", "Esas plumas son costosas.", "Aquel traje es feo.", "Aquella blusa es más bonita.", "Aquellos árboles son enormes.", "Aquellas casas son pequeñas.", "This newspaper is interesting.", "This magazine is interesting also.", "These men are strong.", "These women are strong also.", "That piano is old.", "That guitar is new.", "Those books are expensive.", "Those pens are costly.", "That suit (over there) is ugly.", "That blouse (over there) is prettier", "Those trees (over there) are", "enormous.", "Those houses (over there) are", "small"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 104, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Neuter Demonstrative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Neuter demonstrative pronouns refer to an object that is not known, a statement, or a general idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0105-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esto", "this", "eso", "that", "aquello", "that (farther away in place or time)", "¿ Qué es esto? ¿ Qué es eso?", "What is this? What is that:", "Aquello no es necesario.", "That is not necessary."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 105, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.2", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences using demonstrative adjectives.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ___________ revista que tú lees es interesante, pero ___________ artículo tiene más información. (this/that)", "2. ¿Piensa Ud. que ___________ camisas son hermosas, o prefiere Ud. ___________ camisas azules? (these/those)", "3. ¿En qué sitio prefieren Uds. comer, en ___________ restaurante o en ___________ cafetería? (that [over there] /that [over there])", "4. ___________ falda es bonita, pero voy a comprar ___________ pantalones porque son más cómodos. (this/those)", "5. ___________ mujeres corren en el maratón. (those [over there])", "6. ¿Por qué mira Ud. ___________ programas en televisión si son repeticiones? (those)", "7. ___________ mes va a ser maravilloso. (this)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Quién es", "ese", "hombre que está con Julia? (that)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Esta, ese", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estas, esas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "aquel, aquella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Esta, esos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Aquellas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "esos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Este", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.2 1. Esta, ese 2. estas, esas 3. aquel, aquella 4. Esta, esos 5. Aquellas 6. esos 7. Este", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Esta, ese", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estas, esas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "aquel, aquella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Esta, esos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Aquellas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "esos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Este", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Esta, ese 2. estas, esas 3. aquel, aquella 4. Esta, esos 5. Aquellas 6. esos 7. Este"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives of Nationality"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When an adjective of nationality ends in a consonant, -a is added to form the feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0105-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["español", "el restaurante español", "la comida española", "Spanish", "the Spanish restaurant", "the Spanish meal"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 105, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["inglés", "el hombre inglés", "la mujer inglesa", "francés", "el vino francés", "la cerveza francesa", "alemán", "el escritor alemán", "la escritora alemana", "japonés", "el muchacho japonés", "la muchacha japonesa", "holandés", "el niño holandés", "la niña holandesa", "English", "the English man", "the English woman", "French", "the French wine", "the French beer", "German", "the German writer (m.)", "the German writer (f.)", "Japanese", "the Japanese boy", "the Japanese girl", "Dutch", "the Dutch child (m.)", "the Dutch child (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all other cases, the adjectives of nationality will follow the rules you have already learned. Adjectives that end in -o change to -a when describing a feminine noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el hombre cubano", "la mujer cubana", "el muchacho chileno", "la muchacha chilena", "el niño norteamericano", "la niña norteamericana", "el amigo suizo", "la amiga suiza", "the Cuban man", "the Cuban woman", "the Chilean boy", "the Chilean girl", "the North American child (m.)", "the North American child (f.)", "the Swiss friend (m.)", "the Swiss friend (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in vowels other than -o do not change."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el hombre canadiense", "la mujer canadiense", "el niño hindú", "la niña hindú", "el hombre israelí", "la mujer israelí", "the Canadian man", "the Canadian woman", "the Hindu child (m.)", "the Hindu child (f.)", "the Israeli man", "the Israeli woman"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Country", "Alemania", "Arabia Saudita", "(la) Argentina", "Austria", "Bélgica", "Bolivia", "(el) Brasil", "(el) Canadá", "Chile", "China", "Colombia", "Corea", "Costa Rica", "Cuba", "Dinamarca", "(el) Ecuador", "Egipto", "Escocia", "España", "(los) Estados", "Unidos", "Finlandia", "Francia", "Grecia", "Guatemala", "Haití", "Holanda", "Honduras", "Hungría", "(la) India", "Inglaterra", "Irak/Iraq", "Irán", "Nationality", "alemán", "saudí/saudita", "argentino", "austriaco", "belga", "boliviano", "brasileño", "canadiense", "chileno", "chino", "colombiano", "coreano", "costarricense", "cubano", "danés", "ecuatoriano", "egipcio", "escocés", "español", "norteamericano/", "estadounidense", "finlandés", "francés", "griego", "guatemalteco", "haitiano", "holandés", "hondureño", "húngaro", "hindú", "inglés", "iraquí", "iraní", "Country", "Irlanda", "Israel", "Italia", "Jamaica", "Japón", "Marrueco", "México", "Nicaragua", "Noruega", "Nueva Zelanda", "Pakistán", "(el) Panamá", "(el) Paraguay", "(el) Perú", "Polonia", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "(la) República", "Dominicana", "Rusia", "El Salvador", "Siria", "Sudán", "Suecia", "(la) Suiza", "Tailandia", "Taiwán", "Turquía", "(el) Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnám", "Yemen", "Nationality", "irlandés", "israelí", "italiano", "jamaiquino", "japonés", "marroquí", "mexicano", "nicaragüense", "noruego", "neocelandés", "pakistaní", "panameño", "paraguayo", "peruano", "polaco", "portugués", "puertorriqueñc", "dominicano", "ruso", "salvadoreño", "sirio", "sudanés", "sueco", "suizo", "tailandés", "taiwanés", "turco", "uruguayo", "venezolano", "vietnamita", "yemení"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 107, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Continent", "África", "Antártica", "el Ártico", "Asia l", "africano", "antártico", "ártico", "asiático", "Continent", "Australia", "australiano", "Europa", "europeo", "Norteamérica", "norteamericanc", "Sudamérica", "sudamericano"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 107, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives That Precede a Noun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Chapter 1, you learned that adjectives follow the nouns they describe. Now you will learn the few adjectives that precede the noun they modify. Remember that adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Two frequently used adjectives, bueno and malo, drop the -o before a masculine singular noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bueno good", "Este niño es un buen estudiante.", "Su hermana es una buena", "estudiante.", "Ellos son buenos estudiantes.", "Ellos tienen buenas maestras.", "malo bad", "Ella tiene un mal perro.", "Su amiga tiene una mala idea.", "Ellas tienen tres malos gatos.", "Son malas situaciones.", "This child is a good student", "His sister is a good student.", "They are good students.", "They have good teachers.", "She has a bad dog.", "Her friend has a bad idea.", "They have three bad cats.", "They are bad situations."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Bueno and malo can follow the noun as well as precede it. The use is less frequent, though, and the description loses intensity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre bueno.", "The (fairly) good man"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives That Express Quantity"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mucho a lot of, much, many", "Él no tiene mucho dinero.", "Tiene muchos amigos.", "Ellas preparan mucha comida", "para muchas personas.", "poco a little bit, a few, not much, not many", "Hay poco dinero en este banco", "y hay pocos clientes.", "Poca gente vive en esta calle y", "hay pocas casas.", "He doesn't have a lot of money.", "He has a lot of friends.", "They prepare a lot of food for", "a lot of people.", "There is not much money in", "this bank and not many clients.", "Not many people live on this", "street, and there are few houses"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bastante, suficiente enough", "Ellos ganan suficiente dinero", "y tienen bastante trabajo.", "ambos both", "España y Portugal son bellos.", "Los viajeros van a visitar", "ambos países.", "cada each", "Cada casa tiene dos baños.", "Cada apartamento tiene una", "cocina.", "They earn enough money and", "they have enough work.", "Spain and Portugal are beautiful.", "The travelers are going to visit", "both countries.", "Each house has two bathrooms.", "Each apartment has a kitchen.", "NOTE: Cada has the same form for both masculine and feminine.", "varios several", "Varios restaurantes sirven tacos.", "Varias tiendas venden burritos.", "Several restaurants serve tacos.", "Several stores sell burritos.", "alguno some", "Él va a volver algún día.", "He is going to return some day.", "¿ Hay alguna farmacia cerca?", "Is there some pharmacy nearby?", "Algunos pensamientos son buenos.", "Some thoughts are good.", "Algunas ideas son malas.", "Some ideas are bad.", "NOTE: Alguno drops the -o before a masculine noun.", "otro other, another", "Él quiere otro carto.", "He wants another car.", "Ella quiere otra casa.", "She wants another house.", "Él tiene otros problemas difíciles.", "He has other difficult problems.", "Ella va a comprar otras cosas.", "She is going to buy other things.", "NOTE: Un and una do not precede any form of otro and otra.", "todo all, every", "Ella lee todo el día.", "Todo el mundo está aquí.", "Leo toda la información.", "Él escribe todos los días.", "Ella hace todas las preguntas.", "She reads all day.", "Everyone (all the world) is here.", "I read all the information.", "He writes every day (all the days)", "She asks all the questions."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 109, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives That Express Next, Only, and Last"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0110-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["próximo next", "Vamos a viajar el próximo año.", "La próxima lección es interesante.", "¿Qué va a pasar en los próximos", "años y en las próximas", "generaciones?", "único only", "Ricardo es el único mexicano aquí.", "Ella es la única española.", "último last, final", "El último mes del año es", "diciembre.", "Hoy es la última clase del", "semestre.", "We are going to travel next year.", "The next lesson is interesting.", "What is going to happen in the", "next years and in the next", "generations?", "Ricardo is the only Mexican here", "She is the only Spaniard.", "The last month of the year is", "December.", "Today is the last class of the", "semester"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 110, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives Whose Meaning Depends on Position"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some adjectives have different meanings depending on whether they precede or follow the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0110-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Preceding the Noun", "Following the Noun", "antiguo", "su antiguo novio", "her former boyfriend", "una civilización antigua", "an ancient civilization", "cierto", "cierto día a certain day", "una cosa cierta a sure thing", "grande", "el gran hombre the great man", "el hombre grande the big man", "la gran mujer the great woman", "la mujer grande the big woman", "NOTE: Grande shortens to gran before any singular noun.", "pobre", "el pobre niño", "el hombre pobre", "the poor, unfortunate little boy", "the poor man (without money,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 110, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0111-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mismo", "el mismo libro the same book", "la misma idea the same idea", "viejo", "los viejos amigos", "the longtime friends", "el profesor mismo", "the professor himself", "los amigos viejos", "the old friends (in years)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8611111111111112, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 111, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When mismo follows a noun or pronoun, it intensifies the word it describes. For example:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "esta casa misma this very house"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "yo mismo I myself"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el doctor mismo está enfermo the doctor himself is sick"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ahora mismo right now"}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.3", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by using the appropriate adjective of nationality.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Micaela es de España y habla español porque su padre es español; ella habla francés porque su madre es ____________________.", "2. Pensamos que la comida ____________________ es deliciosa. El sushi y el sashimi son platos típicos.", "3. Hay mucha arte en Guatemala. ¿Son artistas ____________________?", "4. Para entrar en los Estados Unidos, el ciudadano ____________________ tiene que cruzar la frontera entre el Canadá y los Estados Unidos.", "5. ____________________ tienen la reputación de ser poetas. La gente de Nicaragua trabaja duro y escribe poesía.", "6. Costa Rica es un país con muchos parques nacionales. ____________________ visitan los parques todo el año.", "7. Este hombre de India es ____________________. Su esposa es ____________________ también.", "8. Soy portuguesa. Mi hermano es ____________________ también."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "francesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "japonesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los guatemaltecos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "canadiense", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los nicaragüenses", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Los costarricenses", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hindú, hindú", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "portugués", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.3 1. francesa 2. japonesa 3. los guatemaltecos 4. canadiense 5. Los nicaragüenses 6. Los costarricenses 7. hindú, hindú 8. portugués", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "francesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "japonesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los guatemaltecos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "canadiense", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los nicaragüenses", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Los costarricenses", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hindú, hindú", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "portugués", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. francesa 2. japonesa 3. los guatemaltecos 4. canadiense 5. Los nicaragüenses 6. Los costarricenses 7. hindú, hindú 8. portugués"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.4", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences using the adjectives from the list below. Use each adjective only one time. Answers may vary.", "extra": ["alguno, ambos, bastante, bueno, cada, malo, mucho, otro, poco, próximo, suficiente, todo, último, único, varios"], "prompts": ["1. Carlos lee todo el día; quiere leer _____________ los libros de la biblioteca.", "2. Ella es la _____________ persona en la clase que no tiene una computadora.", "3. Es necesario tomar _____________ agua para estar bien.", "4. Hay dos películas que ella quiere comprar, pero no tiene _____________ dinero para comprar _____________ videos.", "5. El _____________ mes del año es diciembre.", "6. El pianista practica el piano dos horas _____________ día.", "7. Queremos ir a un _____________ restaurante para comer bien.", "8. No es una _____________ idea pasar el día en la playa.", "9. Hay _____________ revistas y _____________ periódicos en la librería.", "10. La librería tiene _____________ libros sobre la historia de los aztecas, pero tiene más libros sobre la historia de los incas.", "11. El _____________ tren sale a las nueve y veinte de la mañana.", "12. Loreta no está contenta porque el bus no viene y su carro viejo no es bueno. Ella quiere comprar _____________ carro nuevo.", "13. Hay _____________ palabras en este artículo que puedo entender."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "todos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "única", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "mucha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "bastante, ambos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "último", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "buen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "mala", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "algunas, algunos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pocos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "próximo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "otro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "varias", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.4 1. todos 2. única 3. mucha 4. bastante, ambos 5. último 6. cada 7. buen 8. mala 9. algunas, algunos 10. pocos 11. próximo 12. otro 13. varias", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "todos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "única", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "mucha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "bastante, ambos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "último", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "buen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "mala", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "algunas, algunos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pocos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "próximo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "otro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "varias", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. todos 2. única 3. mucha 4. bastante, ambos 5. último 6. cada 7. buen 8. mala 9. algunas, algunos 10. pocos 11. próximo 12. otro 13. varias"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.5", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans5", "instruction": "In each sentence, place one of the following adjectives either before or after the noun, according to the meaning of the sentence: antiguo, cierto, grande, pobre, mismo, viejo.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi amiga y yo asistimos a la _____________ clase _____________.", "2. Atenas y Roma son _____________ ciudades _____________.", "3. El _____________ hombre _____________ no tiene dinero.", "4. La _____________ niña _____________ está triste porque no tiene amigos.", "5. ¿Quién es una _____________ mujer _____________ de nuestra generación?", "6. Somos _____________ amigas _____________. Pasamos mucho tiempo juntas."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "misma clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "ciudades antiguas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hombre pobre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "pobre niña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "gran mujer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "viejas amigas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.5 1. misma clase 2. ciudades antiguas 3. hombre pobre 4. pobre niña 5. gran mujer 6. viejas amigas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "misma clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "ciudades antiguas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hombre pobre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "pobre niña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "gran mujer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "viejas amigas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. misma clase 2. ciudades antiguas 3. hombre pobre 4. pobre niña 5. gran mujer 6. viejas amigas"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The comparative structure expresses more than, less than, or the same as."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0113-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "More than", "más + adjetivo + que", "Julia es más fuerte que Juan.", "La revista es más interesante", "que el libro.", "•", "Less than", "menos + adjetivo + que", "El libro es menos interesante", "que la revista.", "Las camisas son menos caras", "que los vestidos.", "•", "The same as", "tan + adjetivo + como", "Estas tortas son tan dulces", "como esos pasteles.", "¿Es el perro tan inteligente", "como el gato?", "more + adjective + than", "Julia is stronger than John.", "The magazine is more interesting", "than the book.", "less + adjective + than", "The book is less interesting than", "the magazine.", "The shirts are less expensive than", "the dresses.", "as + adjective + as", "These cakes are as sweet as those", "pastries.", "Is the dog as intelligent as the cat!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 113, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Superlative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0114-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "The most/the least", "el (la) más + adjetivo + de", "(the) most + adjective + of", "el (la) menos + adjetivo + de (the) least + adjective + of", "NOTE: In the superlative structure, Spanish de can be translated as in", "¿Quién es la persona más", "fuerte de su familia?", "Who is the strongest person in your", "family?", "¿ Cuál es la clase menos", "Which is the least interesting class", "interesante de la escuela?", "in the school?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 114, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0114-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bueno", "mejor", "el mejor, la mejor", "los mejores, las mejores", "Esta torta es buena.", "El pastel que Ud. tiene es mejor:", "Estos postres son los mejores", "de todos.", "good", "better", "the best (sing.)", "the best (pl.)", "This cake is good.", "The pastry that you have is better.", "These desserts are the best of all.", "malo", "peor", "el peor, la peor", "los peores, las peores", "Él es malo.", "Ella es peor.", "Ella es la peor de su escuela.", "bad", "worse", "the worst (sing.)", "the worst (pl.)", "He is bad.", "She is worse.", "She is the worst in her school.", "joven", "young", "menor", "Younger", "el menor, la menor", "the youngest (sing.)", "los menores, las menores the youngest (pl.)", "NOTE: Menor refers only to people: mi hermano menor. If you want", "to compare trees, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos árboles son menos viejos que aquellos árboles.", "El niño es joven.", "The child is young.", "Su hermano es menor.", "His brother is younger."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 114, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Su hermana es la menor de", "su familia.", "His sister is the youngest in their", "family.", "viejo", "old", "mayor", "older", "el mayor, la mayor", "the oldest (sing.)", "los mayores, las mayores", "the oldest (pl.)", "NOTE: Mayor refers only to people: mi hermana mayor. If you want to", "compare buildings, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos edificios son más viejos que aquellos edificios.", "Ella es vieja.", "She is old.", "Su madre es mayor:", "Her mother is older.", "Su abuela es la mayor de todas.", "Her grandmother is the oldest", "of all."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9772727272727273, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparing Nouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["más + nombre + que", "menos + nombre + que", "Tengo más lápices que María.", "Ella tiene menos libros que yo.", "• tanto + nombre + como", "more + noun + than", "less + noun + than", "I have more pencils than Maria.", "She has fewer books than I.", "as much + noun + as", "as many + noun + as", "NOTE: Tanto is an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies.", "Él corre tantos metros como", "He runs as many meters as his", "su hijo.", "son.", "Ella trabaja tantas horas como Ud.", "She works as many hours as you.", "José tiene tanta música como Sara.", "Joe has as much music as Sarah.", "Él tiene tanto pelo como su tío.", "He has as much hair as his uncle"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparing Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["más que", "menos que", "tanto como", "Yo estudio más que tú.", "Tú lees menos que yo.", "Ella aprende tanto como él.", "more than", "less than", "as much as", "I study more than you.", "You read less than I.", "She learns as much as he"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9404761904761905, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.6", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Esta película es buena; es _______________ de todas. (the best)", "2. Su carro es caro, pero no es _______________ como mi carro. (as expensive)", "3. El apartamento de María es _______________ del edificio. (the biggest)", "4. Nuestra clase de matemáticas es _______________ que la clase de historia. (more interesting)", "5. Uds. tienen _______________ exámenes como nosotros. (as many)", "6. Su casa es _______________ que mi apartamento. (smaller)", "7. Ella es _______________ que él, pero él no es el estudiante _______________ de la clase. (taller/tallest)", "8. Estas películas son _______________ que los programas de televisión. (more exciting)", "9. Mi hermana _______________ está _______________ que mi hermano _______________. (younger/happier/older)", "10. Las calles son _______________ que las avenidas. (less wide)", "11. ¿Piensa Ud. que los caballos son _______________ como los perros? (as intelligent)", "12. Esa casa roja es _______________ que la casa amarilla. (older)", "13. Yo leo _______________ tú. (more than)", "14. Él sabe _______________ nosotros. (less than)", "15. Ellos viven en el sitio _______________ del país. (most beautiful)", "16. Este restaurante sirve _______________ comida de la ciudad. (the best)", "17. Pienso que Mónica es _______________ que Martina. (older)", "18. Anita tiene dos años. Ella es _______________ de su familia. (the youngest)", "19. La comida hindú es _______________ que la comida china. (spicier)", "20. El baño está _______________ que el comedor. (cleaner)", "21. Somos _______________ que nuestros vecinos. (more affectionate)", "22. ¿Quién es _______________ político de los Estados Unidos? ¿Quién es _______________? (the best/the worst)", "23. Isabel piensa que el sol es _______________ que la luna. Ramón piensa que la luna es _______________. (more important)", "24. Estoy _______________ que ellos. (sadder)", "25. Los padres están _______________ que sus hijos. (more tired)", "26. Ella tiene _______________ energía como sus estudiantes. (as much)", "27. Las muchachas juegan _______________ deportes como los muchachos. (as many)", "28. Ellas cantan _______________ que sus hermanos. (better)", "29. Vendo _______________ cigarrillos que compro. (less)", "30. Ellos ganan _______________ dinero que Pedro. (more)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tan caro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el más grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "más interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "más pequeña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "más alta, más alto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "más emocionantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "menor, más contenta, mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "menos anchas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tan inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "más vieja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "más que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "menos que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "más bello", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "la menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "más picante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "más limpio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "más cariñosos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "el mejor, el peor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "más importante, más importante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "más triste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "más cansados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "tanta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "menos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "más", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.6 1. la mejor 2. tan caro 3. el más grande 4. más interesante 5. tantos 6. más pequeña 7. más alta, más alto 8. más emocionantes 9. menor, más contenta, mayor 10. menos anchas 11. tan inteligentes 12. más vieja 13. más que 14. menos que 15. más bello 16. la mejor 17. mayor 18. la menor 19. más picante 20. más limpio 21. más cariñosos 22. el mejor, el peor 23. más importante, más importante 24. más triste 25. más cansados 26. tanta 27. tantos 28. mejor 29. menos 30. más", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tan caro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el más grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "más interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "más pequeña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "más alta, más alto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "más emocionantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "menor, más contenta, mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "menos anchas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tan inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "más vieja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "más que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "menos que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "más bello", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "la menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "más picante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "más limpio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "más cariñosos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "el mejor, el peor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "más importante, más importante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "más triste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "más cansados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "tanta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "menos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "más", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la mejor 2. tan caro 3. el más grande 4. más interesante 5. tantos 6. más pequeña 7. más alta, más alto 8. más emocionantes 9. menor, más contenta, mayor 10. menos anchas 11. tan inteligentes 12. más vieja 13. más que 14. menos que 15. más bello 16. la mejor 17. mayor 18. la menor 19. más picante 20. más limpio 21. más cariñosos 22. el mejor, el peor 23. más importante, más importante 24. más triste 25. más cansados 26. tanta 27. tantos 28. mejor 29. menos 30. más"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbs describe verbs or adjectives. In Spanish, adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the feminine form of the adjective. The suffix -mente corresponds to the English suffix -ly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To change the adjective perfecto to an adverb, use the feminine form perfecta and add -mente. The result is the adverb perfectamente."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adjective", "claro", "rápido", "lento", "franco", "honesto", "íntimo", "último", "clear", "rapid", "slow", "frank", "honest", "intimate", "Last", "Adverb", "claramente", "rápidamente", "lentamente", "francamente", "honestamente", "íntimamente", "últimamente", "clearly", "rapidly", "slowly", "frankly", "honestly", "intimatelı", "lastly"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 117, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If an adjective does not end in -o, it has only one form for both masculine and feminine. To form an adverb from these adjectives, simply add -mente to the adjective."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adjective", "alegre", "feliz.", "triste", "fácil", "frecuente", "happy", "happy", "sad", "easy", "frequent", "Adverb", "alegremente", "felizmente", "tristemente", "fácilmente", "frecuentemente", "happily", "happily", "sadly", "easily", "frequenth"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 118, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there are two adverbs in a series, only the final one will add -mente. The first one in the series takes the feminine form of the adjective."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0118-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él camina frecuente y alegremente.", "Él corre lenta y tristemente.", "Hablo clara y concisamente.", "Ella vive tranquila y libremente.", "He walks frequently and happily", "He runs slowly and sadly.", "I speak clearly and concisely.", "She lives calmly and freely."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 118, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.7", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans7", "instruction": "Change the following adjectives to their corresponding adverbial form.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. sincero (sincere)", "2. loco (crazy)", "3. total (total)", "4. verdadero (true)", "5. inocente (innocent)", "6. cariñoso (affectionate)", "7. completo (complete)", "8. normal (normal)"], "ocrLines": ["1. sincero (sincere)", "2. loco (crazy)", "3. total (total)", "4. verdadero (true)", "5. inocente (innocent)", "6. cariñoso (affectionate)", "7. completo (complete)", "8. normal (normal)", "(sincerely)", "(crazily)", "(totally)", "(truly)", "(innocently)", "(affectionately)", "(completely)", "(normally)", "bueno", "el mejor, la mejor", "los mejores, las mejores", "Esta torta es buena.", "good", "better", "the best (sing.)", "the best (pl.)", "This cake is good.", "The pastry that you have is better.", "These desserts are the best of all.", "de todos.", "malo", "peor", "el peor, la peor", "los peores, las peores", "Él es malo.", "Ella es peor.", "Ella es la peor de su escuela.", "bad", "worse", "the worst (sing.)", "the worst (pl.)", "He is bad.", "She is worse.", "She is the worst in her school.", "joven", "young", "menor", "younger", "el menor, la menor", "the youngest (sing.)", "los menores, las menores", "the youngest (pl.)", "NOTE: Menor refers only to people: mi hermano menor. If you want", "to compare trees, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos árboles son menos viejos que aquellos árboles.", "El niño es joven.", "The child is young.", "Su hermano es menor.", "His brother is younger."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sinceramente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "locamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "totalmente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "verdaderamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "inocentemente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "completamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "normalmente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.7 1. sinceramente 2. locamente 3. totalmente 4. verdaderamente 5. inocentemente 6. cariñosamente 7. completamente 8. normalmente", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sinceramente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "locamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "totalmente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "verdaderamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "inocentemente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "completamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "normalmente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sinceramente 2. locamente 3. totalmente 4. verdaderamente 5. inocentemente 6. cariñosamente 7. completamente 8. normalmente"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs That Do Not Take the Suffix -mente"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Quantity"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mucho", "tanto", "poco", "casi", "a lot", "so much", "a little bit", "almost", "más", "menos", "demasiado", "more", "less", "too much"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs That Tell How Something Is Done"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bien", "mal", "well", "badly", "mejor", "peor", "better", "worse"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Time and Place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a veces", "sometimes", "ahora", "now", "ahora mismo", "right now", "siempre", "always", "todavía", "still, yet; no, not yet", "cerca", "en lo alto", "lejos", "adelante", "al fondo", "ya", "already", "ya no", "no longer", "atrás", "temprano", "early", "arriba", "tarde", "late", "abajo", "aquí, allí", "here, there", "adentro", "acá, allá", "here, there", "afuera", "NOTE: Acá and allá are usually used with verbs of motion.", "nearby", "up, up there", "far off", "in front", "in back,", "at the bottom", "in back", "up, upstairs", "down, downstairs", "inside", "outside"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Direction"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "derecho, recto", "Ya sé que ella está aquí.", "Él siempre hace bien su tarea.", "Los niños cocinan poco.", "¿Por qué no vienes acá?", "María llega temprano.", "Su amiga llega tarde.", "A la derecha, hay una iglesia.", "A la izquierda, hay un banco.", "to the right", "to the left", "straight ahead", "I already know that she is here.", "He always does his homework well", "The children cook a little bit.", "Why don't you come here?", "María arrives early.", "Her friend arrives late.", "To the right, there is a church.", "To the left, there is a bank."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.8", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the adverb in parentheses.", "extra": ["Some adverbs can be replaced by con or sin + the corresponding noun. The most common such adverbs are the following."], "prompts": ["1. Llego al trabajo a las siete de la mañana; _______________ llego _______________. (always/early)", "2. Para hablar _______________ el español, tengo que pronunciar _______________. (well/clearly)", "3. ¿Corre ella _______________? (slowly)", "4. Todo el mundo quiere vivir _______________. (happily)", "5. Simón y Teresa viajan cada mes. Viajan _______________. (frequently)", "6. ¿Puede Ud. comer después de su operación? _______________. (not yet)", "7. ¿Necesita Ud. ayuda con sus problemas? _______________. (no longer)", "8. ¿Dónde están los niños? ¿Están _______________ o _______________? (upstairs/downstairs)", "9. El hombre camina _______________ y _______________. (quickly/happily)", "10. La muchacha _______________ firma sus cartas _______________. (always/affectionately)", "11. Los adolescentes comen _______________. (a lot)", "12. _______________, hay un río. (straight ahead)", "13. ¿A que hora llegamos _______________? (there)", "14. Hablo _______________ y _______________. (honestly/sincerely)"], "ocrLines": ["con cuidado", "sin cuidado", "con cariño", "con dificultad", "sin dificultad", "con inteligencia", "with care (instead of carefully)", "without care (instead of carelessly)", "with affection (instead of affectionately)", "with difficulty", "without difficulty", "with intelligence (instead of intelligently)", "más que", "menos que", "tanto como", "Yo estudio más que tú.", "Tú lees menos que yo.", "Ella aprende tanto como él.", "more than", "less than", "as much as", "I study more than you.", "You read less than I.", "She learns as much as he.", "• Exercise 8.6", "Complete the following sentences, using the words in parentheses.", "1. Esta película es buena; es", "_ de todas. (the best)", "2. Su carro es caro, pero no es _", "como mi carro. (as", "expensive)", "3. El apartamento de María es _", "del edificio. (the", "biggest)", "4. Nuestra clase de matemáticas es", "_ que la clase de", "historia. (more interesting)", "5. Uds. tienen", "6. Su casa es", "7. Ella es", "exámenes como nosotros. (as many)", "_ que mi apartamento. (smaller)", "_ que él, pero él no es el estudiante", "de la clase. (taller/tallest)", "_ que los programas de televisión.", "8. Estas películas son", "(more exciting)", "9. Mi hermana", "hermano", "10. Las calles son", "11. ¿Piensa Ud. que los caballos son", "(as intelligent)", "12. Esa casa roja es", "13. Yo leo", "14. Él sabe", "está", "que mi", "_ (younger/happier/older)", "que las avenidas. (less wide)", "como los perros?", "_ que la casa amarilla. (older)", "_tú. (more than)", "_ nosotros. (less than)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "siempre, temprano", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "bien, claramente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "lentamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "felizmente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "frecuentemente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Todavía no", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Ya no", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "arriba, abajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "rápida, alegremente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "siempre, cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Derecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "allá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "honesta, sinceramente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.8 1. siempre, temprano 2. bien, claramente 3. lentamente 4. felizmente 5. frecuentemente 6. Todavía no 7. Ya no 8. arriba, abajo 9. rápida, alegremente 10. siempre, cariñosamente 11. mucho 12. Derecho 13. allá 14. honesta, sinceramente", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "siempre, temprano", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "bien, claramente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "lentamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "felizmente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "frecuentemente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Todavía no", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Ya no", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "arriba, abajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "rápida, alegremente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "siempre, cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Derecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "allá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "honesta, sinceramente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. siempre, temprano 2. bien, claramente 3. lentamente 4. felizmente 5. frecuentemente 6. Todavía no 7. Ya no 8. arriba, abajo 9. rápida, alegremente 10. siempre, cariñosamente 11. mucho 12. Derecho 13. allá 14. honesta, sinceramente"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.9", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans9", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. My younger brother is ten years old.", "2. He understands this chapter, but he doesn’t want to learn all the words.", "3. I know why his sister wants to go to Spain. Her relatives are there.", "4. Every year at Thanksgiving, we cook too much.", "5. Juan always loses his gloves.", "6. His grandmother is older than his grandfather.", "7. The last month of the year is December; the first month is January.", "8. We have a good class; we learn a lot.", "9. Your book has just arrived.", "10. I know that my cat is smarter than your dog.", "11. These trees are older than those trees over there.", "12. We listen to the same sad songs every day.", "13. Do you think that the president of the United States is a great man?", "14. Are you coming to our party on Friday? It begins at nine o’clock at night.", "15. Carolina is as tall as Enrique; her sister is the tallest of all.", "16. This book is the most interesting book in the library.", "17. Which is the most dangerous animal in the world?", "18. I am the only person in the family who knows how to play tennis. Sometimes I win; sometimes I lose."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mi hermano menor tiene diez años", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Juan siempre pierde sus guantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Su libro acaba de llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.9 1. Mi hermano menor tiene diez años. 2. Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras. 3. Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí. 4. Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado. 5. Juan siempre pierde sus guantes. 6. Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo. 7. El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero. 8. Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho. 9. Su libro acaba de llegar. 10. Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro. 11. Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles. 12. Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días. 13. Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre? 14. ¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche. 15. Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos. 16. Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca. 17. ¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo? 18. Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mi hermano menor tiene diez años", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Juan siempre pierde sus guantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Su libro acaba de llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mi hermano menor tiene diez años. 2. Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras. 3. Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí. 4. Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado. 5. Juan siempre pierde sus guantes. 6. Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo. 7. El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero. 8. Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho. 9. Su libro acaba de llegar. 10. Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro. 11. Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles. 12. Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días. 13. Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre? 14. ¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche. 15. Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos. 16. Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca. 17. ¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo? 18. Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.10", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El señor Gómez hace su trabajo con dificultad.", "2. Ella habla sinceramente, y su amigo responde humildemente.", "3. Esta mujer siempre explica todo claramente.", "4. Francamente, no quiero salir esta noche. Prefiero leer y escribir tranquilamente.", "5. Bernardo va siempre al mismo restaurante. Él piensa que es el mejor restaurante de la ciudad."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "This woman always explains everything clearly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.10 1. Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty. 2. She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility). 3. This woman always explains everything clearly. 4. Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly. 5. Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "This woman always explains everything clearly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty. 2. She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility). 3. This woman always explains everything clearly. 4. Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly. 5. Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La fiesta"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta noche hay una fiesta en la casa de una conocida. Tengo la invitación encima del piano que ya no toco. No sé si quiero ir. La fiesta empieza a las ocho. Pienso que los invitados van a llegar a las nueve. (No sé porque las invitaciones siempre llevan la hora equivocada. Si ella sabe que vamos a llegar después de las nueve, ¿por qué escribe que empieza a las ocho?)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Cómo imagino la fiesta? Primero hay música. Con mucho cuidado, los anfitriones ponen música alegre. La casa está limpia y hay entremeses y bocadillos en la mesa. Hay mucho que beber también: vino y cerveza, vodka y tequila. Hay soda y gaseosa, agua mineral y jugo para la gente que no quiere tomar alcohol. Después de mucha preparación, todo está listo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Al entrar, los invitados sonríen y ponen las botellas de vino que llevan consigo en la mesa. La gente empieza a hablar, un poquito al principio, y mientras que toman, hablan más y más y en voz más y más alta. Ponen la música en alto volumen y algunas parejas empiezan a bailar. Las personas que saben la letra de las canciones cantan. Todo el mundo está muy alegre. Pasan unas horas y la anfitriona va a la cocina. Apagan las luces; ella vuelve con una torta de chocolate con velas y todos los amigos cantan ‘Cumpleaños Feliz’."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Voy a mi alcoba a mirar mi vestuario. Mi cuarto es muy tranquilo, con una brisa que viene del mar. Las paredes son de un color azul celeste que produce calma. El ambiente es relajante, un ambiente de quietud. Es una habitación cómoda donde descanso, leo y miro la televisión todas las noches. Son las ocho ya. Va a empezar mi programa favorito en media hora."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0123-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apagar", "al entrar", "to turn off", "upon entering", "imaginar", "sonreír", "to imagine", "to smile"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 123, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ambiente", "el anfitrión/", "la anfitriona", "el bocadillo", "la botella", "the atmosphere", "the host/", "the hostess", "the snack", "the bottle", "la brisa", "la conocida", "el entremés", "el invitado", "la letra", "the breeze", "the acquaintance", "the appetizer", "the guest", "the words (of a song)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 10, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 123, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la pareja", "la soda, la gaseosa", "the couple", "the soda", "the candle", "el vestuario", "the closet,", "the wardrobe"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preposiciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acerca de", "encima de", "about", "on top of"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la hora equivocada", "consigo", "en alto volumen", "the wrong hour", "with themselves", "loudly"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A qué hora empieza la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Isabel acerca de la fiesta después de recibir la invitación?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Toca ella su piano?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Dónde tiene lugar la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué hace la gente en la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que ella va a ir a la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch9", "number": 9, "title": "Negatives and Prepositions", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negatives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You already know how to make a sentence negative by placing no directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo canto.", "Yo no canto.", "Yo no quiero cantar.", "I sing.", "I don't sing.", "I don't want to sing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following list of negative words adds to this base."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["nada", "nadie", "nunca", "jamás", "ninguno", "nothing", "no one", "never", "never", "not one"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Learn the affirmative words also."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["algo", "alguien", "a veces, algunas veces", "siempre", "alguno", "something", "somerne", "sometimes", "always", "some"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nada nothing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form a negative sentence, no precedes the first verb and nada follows it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tengo nada en mi bolsa.", "Ella no entiende nada.", "I have nothing in my bag.", "She doesn't understand anything"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Tienen Uds. algo para ella?", "Do you have something for her?", "No, no tenemos nada.", "No, we have nothing.", "If you have two verbs in the sentence, no precedes the first verb and", "nada follows the second verb.", "Ella no quiere hacer nada.", "No vamos a escribir nada.", "She doesn't want to do anything.", "We are not going to write anything."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Negatives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that Spanish, unlike English, uses a double negative. In fact, a Spanish sentence can include three or four negatives. The more negatives you use, the more negative the sentence becomes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Algo can sometimes be used as an adverb to mean somewhat.", "El libro es algo interesante.", "The book is somewhat interesting", "Nada can be used as an adverb to mean not at all.", "El libro no es nada interesante.", "The book is not interesting at all."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nadie no one"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and nadie follows it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay alguien aquí?", "No, no hay nadie.", "No viene nadie a mi fiesta.", "Is there someone here?", "No, there is no one.", "No one is coming to my party.", "Nadie can also be placed directly before the first verb. In this case, no is", "not used.", "Nadie quiere cocinar esta noche.", "Nadie sabe donde está el tren.", "No one wants to cook tonight.", "No one knows where the train is."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nunca, jamás never"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and nunca or jamás follows it. Both nunca and jamás mean never."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella no habla nunca; es muy", "tímida.", "Él no baila jamás.", "She never talks; she is very shy", "He never dances."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nunca and jamás can also be placed directly before the first verb with no change in the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0127-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño nunca practica el piano.", "Jamás bebo café con azúcar.", "The boy never practices the", "piano.", "I never drink coffee with sugar"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 127, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ninguno not one, no"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and ninguno follows it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ninguno is the only negative expression in the list above that is an adjective. This means that it must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. Ninguno shortens to ningún before a masculine singular noun. Ninguno is not used in the plural unless the noun it modifies is always used in the plural, such as vacaciones."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0127-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hay ningún hotel en esta", "There is no hotel in this city.", "ciudad.", "No tenemos ninguna idea.", "We have no (not one) idea.", "No tenemos ningunas vacaciones", "We don't have any vacation", "en agosto.", "in August.", "Ninguno may also precede the noun. In this case, no is not used.", "Ningún muchacho va a la playa.", "Not one boy is going to the beach", "Ninguna persona llega tarde", "Not one person arrives late for", "para la clase.", "the class."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 127, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.1", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans1", "instruction": "Answer the following questions in the negative.", "extra": ["In Spanish, unlike English, the more negatives you use, the more negative the sentence becomes."], "prompts": ["1. ¿Aprenden Uds. algo en México? No, ___________________", "2. ¿Cuántas personas van a su fiesta? ___________________", "3. ¿Escuchas siempre las noticias? No, ___________________", "4. ¿Tienen ellos muchos enemigos? No, ___________________", "5. ¿Hay un hospital aquí? No, ___________________", "6. ¿Vas a viajar? No, ___________________", "7. ¿Es la película algo cómica? No, ___________________", "8. ¿Bailas a veces? No, ___________________"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Entiende ella todo? No,", "ella no entiende nada.", "More Negative Expressions", "no... ni... ni... neither... nor...", "Él no fuma ni cigarrillos ni", "cigarros.", "Ella no compra ni revistas ni", "periódicos.", "no más que not more than (with numbers)", "Él no tiene más que cien", "dólares en el banco.", "He smokes neither cigarettes nor", "cigars.", "She buys neither magazines nor", "newspapers.", "He doesn't have more than one", "hundred dollars in the bank.", "NOTE: In an affirmative sentence, más de is used.", "Él tiene más de cien dólares", "He has more than 100 dollars", "en el banco.", "in the bank.", "tampoco neither, either", "Ella nunca va al cine.", "Yo no voy tampoco.", "ni... tampoco not ... either", "Él no entiende la lección.", "Ni yo tampoco", "She never goes to the movies.", "I don't go either.", "He doesn't understand the lesson", "Neither do I.", "4. Francamente, no quiero salir esta noche. Prefiero leer y escribir", "tranquilamente.", "5. Bernardo va siempre al mismo restaurante. Él piensa que es el mejor", "restaurante de la ciudad.", "Reading Comprehension", "Esta noche hay una fiesta en la casa de una conocida. Tengo la invitación", "encima del piano que ya no toco. No sé si quiero ir. La fiesta empieza a las", "ocho. Pienso que los invitados van a llegar a las nueve. (No sé porque las", "invitaciones siempre llevan la hora equivocada. Si ella sabe que vamos a", "llegar después de las nueve, ¿por qué escribe que empieza a las ocho?)", "¿Cómo imagino la fiesta? Primero hay música. Con mucho cuidado, los", "anfitriones ponen música alegre. La casa está limpia y hay entremeses y", "bocadillos en la mesa. Hay mucho que beber también: vino y cerveza,", "vodka y tequila. Hay soda y gaseosa, agua mineral y jugo para la gente que", "no quiere tomar alcohol. Después de mucha preparación, todo está listo.", "Al entrar, los invitados sonríen y ponen las botellas de vino que llevan", "consigo en la mesa. La gente empieza a hablar, un poquito al principio, y", "mientras que toman, hablan más y más y en voz más y más alta. Ponen la", "música en alto volumen y algunas parejas empiezan a bailar. Las personas", "que saben la letra de las canciones cantan. Todo el mundo está muy alegre.", "Pasan unas horas y la anfitriona va a la cocina. Apagan las luces; ella", "vuelve con una torta de chocolate con velas y todos los amigos cantan", "'Cumpleaños Feliz'.", "Voy a mi alcoba a mirar mi vestuario. Mi cuarto es muy tranquilo, con", "una brisa que viene del mar. Las paredes son de un color azul celeste que", "produce calma. El ambiente es relajante, un ambiente de quietud. Es una", "sino but rather", "Sino is used in the second clause of a sentence in which the first clause", "is negative.", "Yo no soy profesor, sino", "I am not a teacher, but rather", "estudiante.", "a student.", "Ellos no son cubanos, sino", "They are not Cubans, but rather", "españoles.", "Spaniards.", "No vendemos, sino compramos.", "We don't sell, but rather we buy.", "de nada, por nada you're welcome, think nothing of it", "no hay de que you're welcome, don't mention it", "Gracias por el regalo.", "Thanks for the gift.", "De nada./No hay de que.", "You're welcome.", "ya no no longer", "Ella ya no quiere trabajar:", "She no longer wants to work.", "ahora no not now", "¿¡Puede Ud. pagar la cuenta?", "Ahora no.", "Can you pay the bill?", "Not now.", "todavía no not yet", "¿Están Uds. listos?", "Todavía no.", "Are you ready?", "Not yet.", "ni siquiera not even", "Él ni siquiera sabe escribir:", "He doesn't even know how to write.", "sin + infinitive + nada without + gerund + anything", "Él contesta sin saber nada.", "He answers without knowing", "anything.", "no es para tanto it's not such a big deal", "Elena no cocina bien, pero su", "esposo piensa que no es", "para tanto.", "casi nunca almost never, hardly ever", "María toca el piano, pero casi", "nunca practica.", "más que nada more than anything", "Silvia quiere viajar más que", "nada.", "nada más nothing more, that's all", "Paula tiene una casa en las", "montañas, nada más.", "Elena doesn't cook well, but her", "husband thinks that it's not", "such a big deal.", "María plays the piano, but she", "almost never practices.", "Sylvia wants to travel more than", "anything.", "Paula has a house in the mountains.", "nothing more.", "habitación cómoda donde descanso, leo y miro la televisión todas las", "noches. Son las ocho ya. Va a empezar mi programa favorito en media hora.", "apagar", "al entrar", "to turn off", "upon entering", "imaginar", "sonreír", "to imagine", "to smile", "el ambiente", "el anfitrión/", "la anfitriona", "el bocadillo", "la botella", "the atmosphere", "the host/", "the hostess", "the snack", "the bottle", "la brisa", "la conocida", "el entremés", "el invitado", "la letra", "the breeze", "the acquaintance", "the appetizer", "the guest", "the words (of a song)", "la pareja", "la soda, la gaseosa", "la vela", "the couple", "the soda", "the candle", "el vestuario", "the closet,", "the wardrobe", "acerca de", "encima de", "about", "on top of", "la hora equivocada", "consigo", "en alto volumen", "the wrong hour", "with themselves", "loudly", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "No recibo nunca ninguna carta", "de nadie.", "Él jamás pide nada a nadie.", "Ellos no quieren viajar nunca", "jamás.", "I never receive any letter from", "anybody.", "He never asks anything of anybody", "They don't want to travel ever", "again."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "no aprendemos nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "no escucho nunca (jamás)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "no tienen ningún enemigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "no hay ningún hospital por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nunca viajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "no es nada cómica", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "no bailo nunca", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.1 1. no aprendemos nada. 2. Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta. 3. no escucho nunca (jamás). 4. no tienen ningún enemigo. 5. no hay ningún hospital por aquí. 6. nunca viajo. 7. no es nada cómica. 8. no bailo nunca.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "no aprendemos nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "no escucho nunca (jamás)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "no tienen ningún enemigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "no hay ningún hospital por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nunca viajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "no es nada cómica", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "no bailo nunca", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. no aprendemos nada. 2. Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta. 3. no escucho nunca (jamás). 4. no tienen ningún enemigo. 5. no hay ningún hospital por aquí. 6. nunca viajo. 7. no es nada cómica. 8. no bailo nunca."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.2", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the negative.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo tengo más de treinta dólares en mi cartera.", "2. Siempre estamos contentos.", "3. Hago mucho hoy.", "4. Quiero ir también.", "5. Este programa es algo interesante.", "6. ¿Quieres tomar algo?", "7. ¿Hay alguna farmacia aquí? [Write a negative response.]", "8. ¿Tiene ella muchas amigas? [Write a negative response.]", "9. El novio siempre limpia el apartamento.", "10. Ella estudia todo el tiempo.", "11. Muchas mujeres quieren bailar con él.", "12. Alguien vive en la casa blanca."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Yo como siempre.", "Yo no como nunca.", "2. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Isabel acerca de la fiesta después de recibir la", "invitación?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Nunca estamos contentos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No hago nada hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "No quiero ir tampoco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Este programa no es nada interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿No quieres tomar nada?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ella no tiene ninguna amiga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "El novio nunca limpia el apartamento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Ella no estudia jamás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Nadie vive en la casa blanca", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.2 1. No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera. 2. Nunca estamos contentos. 3. No hago nada hoy. 4. No quiero ir tampoco. 5. Este programa no es nada interesante. 6. ¿No quieres tomar nada? 7. No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí. 8. Ella no tiene ninguna amiga. 9. El novio nunca limpia el apartamento. 10. Ella no estudia jamás. 11. Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él. 12. Nadie vive en la casa blanca.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Nunca estamos contentos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No hago nada hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No quiero ir tampoco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Este programa no es nada interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿No quieres tomar nada?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ella no tiene ninguna amiga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "El novio nunca limpia el apartamento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Ella no estudia jamás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Nadie vive en la casa blanca", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera. 2. Nunca estamos contentos. 3. No hago nada hoy. 4. No quiero ir tampoco. 5. Este programa no es nada interesante. 6. ¿No quieres tomar nada? 7. No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí. 8. Ella no tiene ninguna amiga. 9. El novio nunca limpia el apartamento. 10. Ella no estudia jamás. 11. Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él. 12. Nadie vive en la casa blanca."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.3", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans3", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud, using a negative expression.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. No quiero ir al cine con Luisa. ¿Quieres ir tú?", "2. ¿Quién cocina para Ud.?", "3. ¿Es el programa algo interesante?", "4. Ellos siempre van de vacaciones en el verano. ¿Y Ud.?", "5. ¿Con quién hablas a las seis de la mañana?", "6. ¿Por qué siempre corres al tren?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "9.3 Answers will vary. 1. No quiero ir tampoco. 2. Nadie cocina para mí. 3. No es nada interesante. 4. Yo nunca voy de vacaciones. 5. No hablo con nadie tan temprano a las seis de la mañana. 6. No corro nunca al tren.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. No quiero ir tampoco. 2. Nadie cocina para mí. 3. No es nada interesante. 4. Yo nunca voy de vacaciones. 5. No hablo con nadie tan temprano a las seis de la mañana. 6. No corro nunca al tren."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence, clause, or phrase. You already know the most commonly used prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a", "con", "de", "at, to", "with", "of, from, about", "en", "para", "sin", "in, on", "for, in order to", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In general, prepositions are followed by verbs in the infinitive form, nouns, or pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Followed by an infinitive of a verb", "Ella estudia para aprender.", "Él habla sin pensar.", "She studies in order to learn", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An infinitive that follows a preposition in Spanish is often translated with the English gerund (thinking, for example). In Spanish, the verb is always the infinitive (for example, pensar, to think)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Followed by a noun", "Él tiene un libro para la clase.", "•", "Followed by a pronoun", "El libro es para ella.", "He has a book for the class", "The book is for her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9375, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions Followed by Verbs or Nouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["antes de before", "Antes de nadar, ella quiere comer.", "Antes de la clase, ellos estudian.", "después de after", "Después de correr, ellos tienen", "sed.", "Después de la comida, él va", "a casa.", "en vez de instead of", "En vez de correr; él prefiere", "caminar:", "además de in addition to", "Además de ser valiente, ella es", "simpática.", "a pesar de in spite of", "A pesar de estar enfermo, él va", "al trabajo.", "Before swimming, she wants", "to eat.", "Before the class, they study.", "After running, they are thirsty", "After the meal, he goes home.", "Instead of running, he prefers", "to walk.", "In addition to being brave, she", "is nice.", "In spite of being sick, he goes", "to work."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["contra", "durante", "entre", "excepto", "hacia", "salvo", "against", "during", "between, among", "except", "toward", "except", "según", "sobre", "hasta", "desde", "according to", "above, on top of,", "about (a theme or topic)", "until", "since; from (a point of", "departure in place or time"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacia can be combined with an adverb with the following meanings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacia atrás", "hacia adelante", "hacia arriba", "hacia abajo", "toward the rear", "toward the front", "upward", "downward"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sobre means on top of, about a theme or topic. It can also mean about in the sense of approximately."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El sartén está sobre la estufa.", "El autor escribe sobre la historia.", "Vamos al cine sobre las ocho.", "The pan is on top of the stove.", "The author writes about history.", "We are going to the movies about", "eight o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Desde means from if you have a specific point of departure in terms of place or time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Veo el río desde mi ventana.", "Ella trabaja desde las siete de", "la mañana hasta las tres de", "la tarde", "I see the river from my window.", "She works from seven o'clock in", "the morning until three in the", "afternoon"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In addition to simple prepositions, there are many compound prepositions that are followed by nouns or pronouns. The list below includes both types."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al lado de", "alrededor de", "cerca de", "debajo de", "bajo", "delante de", "ante", "dentro de", "detrás de", "tras", "encima de", "enfrente de, frente a", "fuera de", "junto a, pegado a", "lejos de", "next to", "around", "near", "underneath", "under (more figurative than debajo de,", "before, in front of (physical location)", "before, in front of, in the presence of", "inside of", "behind", "after (in a set of expressions)", "on top of", "in front of, opposite, facing, across from", "outside of", "close to, right next to", "far from"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have already learned that subject pronouns follow prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["para él", "para ella", "para ellos", "para ellas", "for him", "for her", "for them (m.)", "for them (f.)", "para Ud.", "para Uds.", "para nosotros", "para vosotros", "for you (sing.)", "for you (pl.)", "for us", "for you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only exceptions appear in the first-person and second-person singular."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["para mí", "para ti", "for me", "for you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are a few situations, however, where the subject pronouns tú and yo are used after prepositions. Note the following expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entre tú y yo", "menos tú y yo", "excepto tú y yo", "según tú", "incluso yo", "salvo yo", "between you and me", "except you and me", "except you and me", "according to you", "including me", "except me"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only preposition that combines with a pronoun is con."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conmigo", "contigo", "consigo", "with me", "with you", "with yourself, with himself, with herself, with themselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Preposition por"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por has the following meanings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "•", "•", "through, by", "El ladrón sale por la ventana.", "The robber leaves through the", "window.", "Preferimos viajar por avión.", "We prefer to travel by plane.", "Él manda mensajes por correo", "He sends messages by e-mail.", "electrónico.", "because of, on account of, for the sake of, out of", "La planta es verde por la", "The plant is green because of the", "clorofila.", "chlorophyll.", "Él está triste por el mal clima.", "He is sad because of the bad", "weather.", "Ella no quiere hablar por miedo.", "She doesn't want to talk out of fear", "Ellas aprenden bien por ti.", "They learn well because of you.", "in exchange for; in place of (suggests a substitution)", "Pago diez dólares por este", "I pay $10 (in exchange) for this", "vestido.", "dress."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El estudiante enseña por el", "profesor.", "•", "per", "Él gana quinientos dólares por", "semana.", "Recibe mil doscientos dólares", "por mes.", "• for (before a period of time)", "Cada día, corro por una hora.", "Cada noche, leo por media hora.", "Ella tiene ganas de estudiar el", "español por dos años.", "The student teaches for (instead of,", "the teacher.", "He earns $500 per week.", "He receives $1,200 per month.", "Each day, I run for an hour.", "Each night, I read for a half hour.", "She wants to study Spanish for", "two years."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por adds the idea of motion to prepositions of location."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño corre por debajo de", "la mesa.", "El gato salta por encima del sofá.", "The child runs under the table", "The cat jumps over the sofa."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por appears in some common expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["por acá, por aquí", "por allá, por allí", "por ahora", "por casualidad", "por lo común", "por costumbre", "por ejemplo", "por eso", "por favor", "por fin", "por lo menos", "por poco", "por primera vez.", "por supuesto", "por todas partes", "por la mañana", "por la tarde", "por la noche", "around here", "around there", "for now", "by chance", "usually", "usually", "for example", "therefore, for this reason", "please", "finally", "at least", "almost", "for the first time", "of course", "everywhere", "in the morning (imprecise time)", "in the afternoon", "in the evening"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Por and para Compared"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that para means for."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El regalo es para su hijo.", "Tengo una pregunta para ella.", "The gift is for her son.", "I have a question for her"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Para is also used to express a specific time limit or deadline in the future. In this context, it can be translated as for, by, on, or before."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito la blusa para el viernes.", "I need the blouse for Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por is translated as simple for only when por precedes a quantity of time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy a viajar por varios meses.", "Ella mira televisión por una hora.", "Dormimos por ocho horas cada", "noche.", "I am going to travel for several", "months.", "She watches television for an hour", "We sleep for eight hours every", "night."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With the exception of their English translations as for, the meanings of por and para do not overlap. Again, por means for only when it precedes a period of time. Para means for in almost all other cases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Queremos una habitación para", "dos personas por una noche.", "El tren sale para el Canadá.", "We want a room for two persons", "for one night.", "The train is leaving for Canada."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.4", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions and pronouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quieres salir _______ a las cinco? (with me)", "2. No quiero salir _______. (without you)", "3. ¿Tiene Ud. confianza _______? (in him)", "4. Ella lleva su bolsa _______. (with her)", "5. Este regalo es _______. (for them)", "6. _______, ¿quién cocina mejor? (between him and her)", "7. _______, esta película es horrible. (between you and me)", "8. Los niños corren _______. (toward us)", "9. El hombre quiere hablar _______, pero yo no quiero hablar _______. (with me/with him)", "10. Hay una estatua _______. (near him)", "11. Julia no quiere tocar el piano _______. (in front of them)", "12. Primero, ella quiere practicar _______. (in front of us)", "13. Este hombre siempre está sentado _______. (behind her)", "14. La familia de Pedro vive _________________ pero vive ____________________. (far from him/near me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "conmigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sin ti", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "en él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "consigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Entre él y ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Entre tú y yo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hacia nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "conmigo, con él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cerca de él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "delante de ellos / ante ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "delante de nosotros / ante nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "detrás de ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "lejos de él, cerca de mí", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.4 1. conmigo 2. sin ti 3. en él 4. consigo 5. para ellos 6. Entre él y ella 7. Entre tú y yo 8. hacia nosotros 9. conmigo, con él 10. cerca de él 11. delante de ellos / ante ellos 12. delante de nosotros / ante nosotros 13. detrás de ella 14. lejos de él, cerca de mí", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "conmigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sin ti", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "en él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "consigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Entre él y ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Entre tú y yo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hacia nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "conmigo, con él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cerca de él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "delante de ellos / ante ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "delante de nosotros / ante nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "detrás de ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "lejos de él, cerca de mí", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. conmigo 2. sin ti 3. en él 4. consigo 5. para ellos 6. Entre él y ella 7. Entre tú y yo 8. hacia nosotros 9. conmigo, con él 10. cerca de él 11. delante de ellos / ante ellos 12. delante de nosotros / ante nosotros 13. detrás de ella 14. lejos de él, cerca de mí"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.5", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. _________________, las muchachas van a practicar el piano. (before lunch)", "2. _________________, quieren mirar televisión. (after dinner)", "3. _________________, vamos a la playa. (after eating)", "4. _________________ a su trabajo, ella toma su desayuno. (before going)", "5. _________________ temprano, ella llega tarde. (in spite of leaving)", "6. El muchacho baila _________________ la música. (without listening to)", "7. Ella estudia _________________. (in order to learn)", "8. ¿Están las llaves _______ la ventana o _______ la puerta? (underneath/on top of)", "9. Vamos al teatro que está _________________ la tercera avenida. (near)", "10. El padre corre _________________ su hija. (toward)", "11. ¿Cuándo sale el tren _________________ Madrid? (for)", "12. Hay muchos árboles _________________ la casa lujosa. (behind)", "13. La radio habla _________________ la situación mundial. (about)", "14. Tomás va a estar de viaje _________________ seis meses. (for)", "15. No quiero hablar _________________ la clase. (in front of)", "16. Vamos al cine una vez _________________ semana. (per)", "17. Ellos prefieren viajar _________________ tren _________________ tres horas. (by/for)", "18. El rió está _________________ las montañas. (far from)", "19. Ella no quiere ir a Alaska _________________ el frío. (because of)", "20. Practico el piano _________________ tocar bien. (in order to)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Antes del almuerzo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de la cena", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "A pesar de salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "debajo de, encima de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cerca de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hacia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "detrás de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sobre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "delante de / ante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "por, por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "lejos de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.5 1. Antes del almuerzo 2. Después de la cena 3. Después de comer 4. Antes de ir 5. A pesar de salir 6. sin escuchar 7. para aprender 8. debajo de, encima de 9. cerca de 10. hacia 11. para 12. detrás de 13. sobre 14. por 15. delante de / ante 16. por 17. por, por 18. lejos de 19. por 20. para", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Antes del almuerzo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de la cena", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "A pesar de salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "debajo de, encima de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cerca de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hacia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "detrás de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sobre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "delante de / ante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "por, por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "lejos de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Antes del almuerzo 2. Después de la cena 3. Después de comer 4. Antes de ir 5. A pesar de salir 6. sin escuchar 7. para aprender 8. debajo de, encima de 9. cerca de 10. hacia 11. para 12. detrás de 13. sobre 14. por 15. delante de / ante 16. por 17. por, por 18. lejos de 19. por 20. para"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.6", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ella nunca habla contra sus amigos.", "2. Los zapatos de Sara están debajo de su cama.", "3. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos.", "4. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco.", "5. Puedo ver el río desde mi ventana.", "6. Ella duerme ocho horas cada noche. Ella duerme desde las once hasta las siete.", "7. Bajo la ley, ¿quién tiene protección?", "8. Pongo un libro encima del otro.", "9. Antonio nunca canta sin nosotros.", "10. El testigo tiene que aparecer ante el juez.", "11. Los niños hablan mucho de la película.", "12. El autor escribe sobre la historia y los derechos humanos.", "13. El cine está lejos del mercado."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "She never speaks against her friends", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Australia is far from the United States", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The school is between the church and the bank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I can see the river from my window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Under the law, who has protection?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I put one book on top of the other", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Anthony never sings without us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The witness has to appear before the judge", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The children talk a lot about the film", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "The author writes about history and human rights", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "The movie theater is far from the market", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.6 1. She never speaks against her friends. 2. Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed. 3. Australia is far from the United States. 4. The school is between the church and the bank. 5. I can see the river from my window. 6. She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00. 7. Under the law, who has protection? 8. I put one book on top of the other. 9. Anthony never sings without us. 10. The witness has to appear before the judge. 11. The children talk a lot about the film. 12. The author writes about history and human rights. 13. The movie theater is far from the market.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "She never speaks against her friends", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Australia is far from the United States", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The school is between the church and the bank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I can see the river from my window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Under the law, who has protection?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I put one book on top of the other", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Anthony never sings without us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The witness has to appear before the judge", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The children talk a lot about the film", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "The author writes about history and human rights", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "The movie theater is far from the market", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. She never speaks against her friends. 2. Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed. 3. Australia is far from the United States. 4. The school is between the church and the bank. 5. I can see the river from my window. 6. She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00. 7. Under the law, who has protection? 8. I put one book on top of the other. 9. Anthony never sings without us. 10. The witness has to appear before the judge. 11. The children talk a lot about the film. 12. The author writes about history and human rights. 13. The movie theater is far from the market."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.7", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I enter the store through the door.", "2. Everyone wants to go except Samuel.", "3. All the men dance except Pablo.", "4. My garden is next to my neighbor’s garden.", "5. We walk toward the park.", "6. There is a bus stop in front of Laura’s house.", "7. According to the news, a lot of people are not going to vote.", "8. There are comfortable chairs around the swimming pool.", "9. Day after day, they work a lot.", "10. James’ house is behind the school.", "11. Are you going to study for the test?", "12. She doesn’t want to travel out of fear."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Entro en la tienda por la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Caminamos hacia el parque", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Vas a estudiar para el examen?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Ella no quiere viajar por miedo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.7 1. Entro en la tienda por la puerta. 2. Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel. 3. Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo. 4. Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino. 5. Caminamos hacia el parque. 6. Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura. 7. Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar. 8. Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina. 9. Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho. 10. La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela. 11. ¿Vas a estudiar para el examen? 12. Ella no quiere viajar por miedo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Entro en la tienda por la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Caminamos hacia el parque", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Vas a estudiar para el examen?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Ella no quiere viajar por miedo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Entro en la tienda por la puerta. 2. Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel. 3. Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo. 4. Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino. 5. Caminamos hacia el parque. 6. Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura. 7. Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar. 8. Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina. 9. Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho. 10. La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela. 11. ¿Vas a estudiar para el examen? 12. Ella no quiere viajar por miedo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El circo"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Aunque ella tiene cuarenta años, mi amiga Leonora quiere trabajar en un circo. Es verdad que ella es soltera y maestra y tiene el verano libre pero no entiendo por qué ella no quiere ir al Caribe o a cualquier sitio relajante. Ella piensa que va a ser una gran aventura. Hay una gira del circo por el noreste de los Estados Unidos y ella va a pasar todo el verano con ellos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Yo soy soltera también y tengo el verano libre, pero no tengo el menor interés en el circo. ¡Es absurdo! ¿Qué hay que hacer en un circo? Según Leonora, ella va a vender tiquetes por la mañana. Después de almorzar, va a mirar algunos ensayos y a hablar con los trapecistas. Desde las dos de la tarde hasta las siete, ella y sus colegas van a vender más tiquetes por teléfono y en persona. A eso de las ocho de la noche, al escuchar la música que indica que el circo va a empezar, Leonora va a cerrar la oficina y salir para ir a ver la función. El colmo es que va a ganar solamente trescientos dólares por semana. Ella sale mañana. Por mi parte, prefiero pasar el verano aquí. Es bonito, hace buen tiempo y tengo otras amigas. De todos modos, ella va a volver pronto."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vocabulario"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aunque", "el circo", "el colega", "el colmo", "el ensayo", "la gira", "indicar", "el interés", "although", "the circus", "the colleague", "the limit", "the rehearsal", "the tour", "to indicate", "the interest", "libre", "el noreste", "qué hay que hacer", "el sitio", "soltera", "el tiquete", "de todos modos", "el trapecista", "free (as in time)", "the northeast", "what is there to do", "the place", "single", "the ticket", "anyway", "the trapeze artist"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 140, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la caja", "el correo", "los derechos", "humanos", "el/la juez.", "la ley", "the box", "the post office", "the human rights", "the judge", "the lau", "las noticias", "la parada", "la película", "el/la testigo", "el vecino", "the news", "the bus stop", "the film", "the witness", "the neighbor"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9891304347826086, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 141, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuántos años tiene Leonora?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué quiere ir al circo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué va a hacer Leonora durante el día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuánto va a ganar ella por semana en el circo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nature"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el alba (f.)", "el cielo", "la colina", "el desierto", "la estrella", "la inundación", "el lago", "la lluvia", "la luna", "la madrugada", "the daun", "the sky", "the hill", "the desert", "the star", "the flood", "the lake", "the rain", "the moon", "the dawn,", "early morning", "el mar", "las montañas", "el monte", "la nieve", "las nubes", "el ocaso", "el océano", "la puesta del sol", "el relámpago", "el río", "el sol", "the sea", "the mountains", "the hill", "the snow", "the clouds", "the sunset", "the ocean", "the sunset", "the lightning", "the river", "the sun"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9891304347826086, "cardCount": 11, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 141, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el temblor", "la tempestad", "el terremoto", "la tierra", "the tremor", "the storm", "the earthquake", "the earth", "la tormenta", "el trueno", "el viento", "the storm", "the thunder", "the wind"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 142, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Weather"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué tiempo hace?", "Hace buen tiempo.", "Hace mal tiempo.", "Hace calor.", "Hace frío.", "Hace fresco.", "Hace sol.", "Hace viento.", "It's hot.", "It's cold.", "It's cool.", "It's sunny.", "It's windy.", "What's the weather like?", "The weather is good.", "The weather is bad.", "Hay estrellas.", "Hay luna.", "Hay neblina.", "Hay nubes.", "Hay polvo.", "Hay lodo.", "The stars are out", "The moon is out.", "It's foggy.", "It's cloudy.", "It's dusty.", "It's muddy."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 14, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 142, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.8", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans8", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. No comemos a las siete. ¿A qué hora comen Uds.?", "2. Los libros no están en la mesa, sino en el piso. ¿Por qué están los libros en el piso?", "3. ¿Qué haces por costumbre los sábados por la noche?", "4. Después de hacer ejercicio, ¿en qué parte del cuerpo tienes dolor?", "5. ¿Vive Ud. en un apartamento o en una casa? ¿En qué piso vive?", "6. ¿Quiere Ud. viajar o prefiere Ud. ahorrar su dinero?", "7. Si Ud. tiene hambre, ¿qué come? Si Ud. tiene sed, ¿qué bebe?", "8. Enrique tiene ocho años. Su hermano tiene diez años y su hermana tiene doce. ¿Quién es el mayor de su familia?", "9. ¿Va Ud. a la playa en el verano?", "10. ¿Qué haces tú si tu amigo quiere ir a un restaurante en particular y quieres ir a otro?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "9.8 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.9", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans9", "instruction": "Regular and irregular verbs. Complete the following sentences with the correct conjugation of the verbs in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Él no _____________ jugo de naranja; _____________ jugo de manzana. (to drink/to drink)", "2. El niño no _____________ bien el piano, porque no _____________ nunca. (to play/to practice)", "3. No _____________ ningún buen hotel en la ciudad. (there is)", "4. ¿ _____________ Uds. al campo con sus primos el domingo? (to go)", "5. Yo _____________ que él va a _____________ un buen abogado si él estudia. (to know/to be)", "6. Fernando _____________ a Nueva York. ¿Cuántos amigos de él _____________ en la ciudad? (to want to go/to live)", "7. Yo _____________ mi casa casi todos los días. No _____________ limpiar mi casa los sábados. (to clean/have to)", "8. Los dos amigos quieren _____________ de fumar. (to stop)", "9. ¿Cuál _____________ su número de teléfono? (to be)", "10. Nosotros _____________ que el primo de Carlos _____________ con nuestro hermano. (to know/to be)", "11. La clase _____________ a las seis. Nosotros _____________ de la clase a las ocho. (to begin/to leave)", "12. En la clase, estudiamos mucho y _____________ la lección. (to understand)", "13. ¿Dónde _____________ las llaves que tú siempre pierdes? (to be)", "14. ¿Quién _____________ contestar las preguntas? (to be able)", "15. La verdad es que ella _________________ bien, pero nunca _________________. (to try to cook/to have success)", "16. ¿Qué _____________ Ud. durante el día? (to do)", "17. Toda la familia _____________ a España todos los años. (to travel)", "18. Ella _____________ el piano y él _____________ la flauta. Los domingos _____________ al béisbol. (to play/to play/to play)", "19. ¿Quién _____________ la cuenta? (to be going to pay)", "20. Mi amiga está en Portugal y no quiere _____________ a los Estados Unidos. (to return)", "21. Mi amiga _____________ dolor de estómago. ¿Piensa Ud. que _______ a un médico? (to have/ought to go)", "22. El carro de Juan es viejo. Él va a _____________ otro. (to buy)", "23. _______ a mi casa el sábado? ¿Qué quieres _____________ para el desayuno? (to come/to have)", "24. Si nadie quiere _____________, ¿por qué tanta gente va a la playa? (to swim)", "25. Ellos _____________ en el maratón cada año en Boston. (to run)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "bebe, toma/bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "toca, practica", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sé, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "quiere ir, viven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "limpio, tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dejar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sabemos, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "empieza, salimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "entendemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "puede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "trata de cocinar, tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "viaja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "toca, toca, juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "va a pagar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "volver/regresar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "tiene, debe ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "Vienes, tomar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "nadar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "corren", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.9 1. bebe, toma/bebe 2. toca, practica 3. hay 4. Van 5. sé, ser 6. quiere ir, viven 7. limpio, tengo que 8. dejar 9. es 10. sabemos, está 11. empieza, salimos 12. entendemos 13. están 14. puede 15. trata de cocinar, tiene éxito 16. hace 17. viaja 18. toca, toca, juegan 19. va a pagar 20. volver/regresar 21. tiene, debe ir 22. comprar 23. Vienes, tomar 24. nadar 25. corren", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "bebe, toma/bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "toca, practica", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sé, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "quiere ir, viven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "limpio, tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dejar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sabemos, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "empieza, salimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "entendemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "puede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "trata de cocinar, tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "viaja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "toca, toca, juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "va a pagar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "volver/regresar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "tiene, debe ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "Vienes, tomar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "nadar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "corren", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. bebe, toma/bebe 2. toca, practica 3. hay 4. Van 5. sé, ser 6. quiere ir, viven 7. limpio, tengo que 8. dejar 9. es 10. sabemos, está 11. empieza, salimos 12. entendemos 13. están 14. puede 15. trata de cocinar, tiene éxito 16. hace 17. viaja 18. toca, toca, juegan 19. va a pagar 20. volver/regresar 21. tiene, debe ir 22. comprar 23. Vienes, tomar 24. nadar 25. corren"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.10", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans10", "instruction": "Prepositions and verbs. Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. _________________, las muchachas van a practicar la canción. (before singing)", "2. _________________, Raúl quiere ir al cine. (after resting)", "3. _________________ a las ocho, salimos a las seis y media. (in order to arrive)", "4. _________________, vamos a la playa. (after eating)", "5. ¿Va ella a la fiesta _________________ enferma todo el día? (after being)", "6. Enrique baila _________________ la música. (without listening to)", "7. _________________ duro, este hombre no tiene éxito. (in spite of working)", "8. Ellos leen el periódico _________________ al trabajo. (before going)", "9. _________________ algunas cervezas, Uds. deben comer algo. (before having)", "10. _________________ su tarea, el estudiante decide jugar. (instead of doing)", "11. Ella quiere viajar _____________ seis meses. (for)", "12. Voy a pasar _____________ la ciudad antigua en mayo. (through)", "13. Necesito una habitación _____________ una persona_____________tres días. (for/for)", "14. El tren sale _____________ México mañana, pero ella prefiere viajar_____________avión. (for/by)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Antes de cantar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de descansar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Para llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "después de estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "A pesar de trabajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Antes de tomar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "En vez de hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.10 1. Antes de cantar 2. Después de descansar 3. Para llegar 4. Después de comer 5. después de estar 6. sin escuchar 7. A pesar de trabajar 8. antes de ir 9. Antes de tomar 10. En vez de hacer 11. por 12. por 13. para, por 14. para, por", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Antes de cantar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de descansar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Para llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "después de estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "A pesar de trabajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Antes de tomar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "En vez de hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Antes de cantar 2. Después de descansar 3. Para llegar 4. Después de comer 5. después de estar 6. sin escuchar 7. A pesar de trabajar 8. antes de ir 9. Antes de tomar 10. En vez de hacer 11. por 12. por 13. para, por 14. para, por"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.11", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans11", "instruction": "Numbers, telling time, adverbs, prepositions, and comparisons. Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi primo vive entre la _________________ y la _________________ avenida. (sixth/seventh)", "2. Él llega _________________ si camina _________________. (rapidly/to the left)", "3. ¿Por qué vive ella en el _________________ piso? (eighth)", "4. _________________ el _________________ tren llega de Los Angeles. (at 10:45/third)", "5. Hay un buen restaurante en la calle _________________ con la _________________ avenida. (34th/third)", "6. Ella siempre pierde sus llaves. _________________ están _________________ su mesa. _________________ están _________________ el carro. (at times/underneath/frequently/in)", "7. Su hermana _________________ nunca lee el periódico y nunca sabe nada. (older)", "8. Mi hermano _________________ está feliz porque nuestra tía viene de Texas. (younger)", "9. Si estoy en la _________________ avenida, ¿debo ir _________________, _________________, o _________________ para llegar a la librería? (seventh/to the right/ to the left/straight ahead)", "10. Los domingos, mi amiga duerme _________________. (until 11:00 A.M.)", "11. Mi amigo no trabaja los domingos, pero su trabajo empieza _________________ los lunes. (at 8:00 A.M.)", "12. La película empieza _________________ esta noche. (at 7:45)", "13. Ella es _________________ mujer de la familia que va a una universidad. (the first)", "14. Las calles de México son _________________ que las calles de España. (narrower)", "15. Carla es _________________ su hermano, pero su hermano es _________________ ella. (taller than/older than)", "16. El doctor piensa que el pollo es bueno, pero el pescado es _________________ para la salud del paciente. (better)", "17. El niño está triste pero su madre está _________________ él. (sadder than)", "18. Ella vive con sus tres hermanos _________________. (younger)", "19. Sara va al gimnasio porque quiere ser _________________ su _________________ amiga. (stronger than/best)", "20. ¿Cuál es la _________________ película del año? (worst)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sexta, séptima", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "rápidamente, a la izquierda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "octavo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "A las once menos quince, tercer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "treinta y cuatro, tercera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hasta las once de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "a las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "a las ocho menos cuarto/quince", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la primera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "más estrechas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "más alta que, mayor que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "más triste que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "menores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "más fuerte que, mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "peor", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.11 1. sexta, séptima 2. rápidamente, a la izquierda 3. octavo 4. A las once menos quince, tercer 5. treinta y cuatro, tercera 6. A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en 7. mayor 8. menor 9. séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho 10. hasta las once de la mañana 11. a las ocho de la mañana 12. a las ocho menos cuarto/quince 13. la primera 14. más estrechas 15. más alta que, mayor que 16. mejor 17. más triste que 18. menores 19. más fuerte que, mejor 20. peor", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sexta, séptima", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "rápidamente, a la izquierda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "octavo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "A las once menos quince, tercer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "treinta y cuatro, tercera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hasta las once de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "a las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "a las ocho menos cuarto/quince", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la primera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "más estrechas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "más alta que, mayor que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "más triste que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "menores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "más fuerte que, mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "peor", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sexta, séptima 2. rápidamente, a la izquierda 3. octavo 4. A las once menos quince, tercer 5. treinta y cuatro, tercera 6. A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en 7. mayor 8. menor 9. séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho 10. hasta las once de la mañana 11. a las ocho de la mañana 12. a las ocho menos cuarto/quince 13. la primera 14. más estrechas 15. más alta que, mayor que 16. mejor 17. más triste que 18. menores 19. más fuerte que, mejor 20. peor"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.12", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. My niece is going to be 13 years old next week.", "2. The girls are hungry and thirsty, and no one knows how to cook.", "3. Not one child wants to go to the dentist. I don’t know why everyone is afraid to go.", "4. The film begins at eight o’clock. We have to arrive at seven thirty.", "5. She thinks that he ought to try to run every day in order to be stronger.", "6. She always goes to Las Vegas in the winter. She loses frequently. But today she is lucky and wins one hundred dollars.", "7. That church is old. It is much older than this temple.", "8. I try to speak with my friends in Spanish. I have a lot to learn. I should study every morning.", "9. Carla spends a lot of time in the store. She looks at the clothes, but she leaves without buying anything.", "10. How many earthquakes are there in California each year?", "11. Who is here? It is I.", "12. George is a good man.", "13. Elena and her friends are intelligent.", "14. His grandmother and grandfather are happy because their grandchildren are well."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Jorge es un buen hombre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.12 1. Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana. 2. Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar. 3. Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir. 4. La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media. 5. Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte. 6. Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares. 7. Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo. 8. Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana. 9. Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada. 10. ¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año? 11. ¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo. 12. Jorge es un buen hombre. 13. Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes. 14. Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Jorge es un buen hombre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana. 2. Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar. 3. Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir. 4. La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media. 5. Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte. 6. Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares. 7. Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo. 8. Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana. 9. Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada. 10. ¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año? 11. ¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo. 12. Jorge es un buen hombre. 13. Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes. 14. Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.13", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans13", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part I.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. abrir", "2. acabar de", "3. aceptar", "4. ahorrar", "5. almorzar", "6. apagar", "7. aparecer", "8. aprender", "9. arreglar", "10. bailar", "11. bajar", "12. beber", "13. cambiar", "14. caminar", "15. cantar", "16. celebrar", "17. cerrar", "18. cocinar", "19. comer", "20. compartir", "21. comprar", "22. comprender", "23. contestar", "24. correr", "25. cruzar", "26. deber", "27. decidir", "28. dejar de", "29. descansar", "30. describir", "31. devolver", "32. dibujar", "33. disfrutar", "34. doblar", "35. dormir", "36. empezar", "37. encontrar", "38. entender", "39. entrar", "40. escribir", "41. escuchar", "42. estar", "43. estudiar", "44. explicar", "45. firmar", "46. fumar", "47. ganar", "48. gozar", "49. hablar", "50. hacer", "51. ir", "52. jugar", "53. leer", "54. limpiar", "55. llegar", "56. llenar", "57. llevar", "58. llorar", "59. manejar", "60. marcar", "61. mentir", "62. meter", "63. mirar", "64. nadar", "65. necesitar", "66. oír", "67. parar", "68. pasar", "69. pensar", "70. perder", "71. pintar", "72. poder", "73. poner", "74. practicar", "75. preferir", "76. prender", "77. preparar", "78. querer", "79. recibir", "80. recordar", "81. regresar", "82. repasar", "83. repetir", "84. romper", "85. saber", "86. salir", "87. seguir", "88. ser", "89. servir", "90. sonreír", "91. subir", "92. tener que", "93. tener", "94. terminar", "95. tirar", "96. tocar", "97. tomar", "98. trabajar", "99. tratar de", "100. usar", "101. vender", "102. venir", "103. ver", "104. viajar", "105. vivir", "106. volver", "107. votar"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to open", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to have just", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to accept", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to save (money)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to have lunch", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to turn off", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to appear", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to learn", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to arrange, to fix", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to dance", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to go down, to descend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to drink", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to change", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to sing", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to celebrate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to close", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to cook", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to eat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to share", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to buy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to answer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to run", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to cross", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to owe, should, must, ought to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to decide", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to stop (doing something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to rest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to describe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to return (an object)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to draw", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to turn, to fold", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to sleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to enter", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to write", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to listen to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to study", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to explain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to sign", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to smoke", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to win", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to speak", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to do, to make", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 51, "answer": "to go", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 52, "answer": "to play", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 53, "answer": "to read", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 54, "answer": "to clean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 55, "answer": "to arrive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 56, "answer": "to fill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 57, "answer": "to wear, to carry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 58, "answer": "to cry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 59, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 60, "answer": "to dial, to mark", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 61, "answer": "to lie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 62, "answer": "to put in", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 63, "answer": "to look at, to watch", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 64, "answer": "to swim", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 65, "answer": "to need", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 66, "answer": "to hear", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 67, "answer": "to stop", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 68, "answer": "to pass, to spend (time)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 69, "answer": "to think", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 70, "answer": "to lose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 71, "answer": "to paint", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 72, "answer": "to be able", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 73, "answer": "to put", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 74, "answer": "to practice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 75, "answer": "to prefer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 76, "answer": "to turn on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 77, "answer": "to prepare", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 78, "answer": "to want", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 79, "answer": "to receive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 80, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 81, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 82, "answer": "to review", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 83, "answer": "to repeat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 84, "answer": "to break", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 85, "answer": "to know, to know how", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 86, "answer": "to leave, to exit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 87, "answer": "to follow, to continue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 88, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 89, "answer": "to serve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 90, "answer": "to smile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 91, "answer": "to go up, to ascend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 92, "answer": "to have", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 93, "answer": "to have to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 94, "answer": "to finish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 95, "answer": "to throw", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 96, "answer": "to touch, to play (an instrument)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 97, "answer": "to take", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 98, "answer": "to work", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 99, "answer": "to try to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 100, "answer": "to use", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 101, "answer": "to sell", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 102, "answer": "to come", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 103, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 104, "answer": "to travel", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 105, "answer": "to live", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 106, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 107, "answer": "to vote", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.13 1. to open 2. to have just 3. to accept 4. to save (money) 5. to have lunch 6. to turn off 7. to appear 8. to learn 9. to arrange, to fix 10. to dance 11. to go down, to descend 12. to drink 13. to change 14. to walk 15. to sing 16. to celebrate 17. to close 18. to cook 19. to eat 20. to share 21. to buy 22. to understand 23. to answer 24. to run 25. to cross 26. to owe, should, must, ought to 27. to decide 28. to stop (doing something) 29. to rest 30. to describe 31. to return (an object) 32. to draw 33. to enjoy 34. to turn, to fold 35. to sleep 36. to begin 37. to find 38. to understand 39. to enter 40. to write 41. to listen to 42. to be 43. to study 44. to explain 45. to sign 46. to smoke 47. to win 48. to enjoy 49. to speak 50. to do, to make 51. to go 52. to play 53. to read 54. to clean 55. to arrive 56. to fill 57. to wear, to carry 58. to cry 59. to drive 60. to dial, to mark 61. to lie 62. to put in 63. to look at, to watch 64. to swim 65. to need 66. to hear 67. to stop 68. to pass, to spend (time) 69. to think 70. to lose 71. to paint 72. to be able 73. to put 74. to practice 75. to prefer 76. to turn on 77. to prepare 78. to want 79. to receive 80. to remember 81. to return 82. to review 83. to repeat 84. to break 85. to know, to know how 86. to leave, to exit 87. to follow, to continue 88. to be 89. to serve 90. to smile 91. to go up, to ascend 92. to have 93. to have to (do something) 94. to finish 95. to throw 96. to touch, to play (an instrument) 97. to take 98. to work 99. to try to (do something) 100. to use 101. to sell 102. to come 103. to see 104. to travel 105. to live 106. to return 107. to vote", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to open", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to have just", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to accept", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to save (money)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to have lunch", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to turn off", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to appear", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to learn", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to arrange, to fix", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to dance", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to go down, to descend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to drink", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to change", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to sing", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to celebrate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to close", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to cook", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to eat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to share", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to buy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to answer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to run", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to cross", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to owe, should, must, ought to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to decide", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to stop (doing something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to rest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to describe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to return (an object)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to draw", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to turn, to fold", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to sleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to enter", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to write", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to listen to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to study", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to explain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to sign", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to smoke", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to win", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to speak", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to do, to make", "alternates": []}, {"number": 51, "answer": "to go", "alternates": []}, {"number": 52, "answer": "to play", "alternates": []}, {"number": 53, "answer": "to read", "alternates": []}, {"number": 54, "answer": "to clean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 55, "answer": "to arrive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 56, "answer": "to fill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 57, "answer": "to wear, to carry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 58, "answer": "to cry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 59, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 60, "answer": "to dial, to mark", "alternates": []}, {"number": 61, "answer": "to lie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 62, "answer": "to put in", "alternates": []}, {"number": 63, "answer": "to look at, to watch", "alternates": []}, {"number": 64, "answer": "to swim", "alternates": []}, {"number": 65, "answer": "to need", "alternates": []}, {"number": 66, "answer": "to hear", "alternates": []}, {"number": 67, "answer": "to stop", "alternates": []}, {"number": 68, "answer": "to pass, to spend (time)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 69, "answer": "to think", "alternates": []}, {"number": 70, "answer": "to lose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 71, "answer": "to paint", "alternates": []}, {"number": 72, "answer": "to be able", "alternates": []}, {"number": 73, "answer": "to put", "alternates": []}, {"number": 74, "answer": "to practice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 75, "answer": "to prefer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 76, "answer": "to turn on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 77, "answer": "to prepare", "alternates": []}, {"number": 78, "answer": "to want", "alternates": []}, {"number": 79, "answer": "to receive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 80, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"number": 81, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"number": 82, "answer": "to review", "alternates": []}, {"number": 83, "answer": "to repeat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 84, "answer": "to break", "alternates": []}, {"number": 85, "answer": "to know, to know how", "alternates": []}, {"number": 86, "answer": "to leave, to exit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 87, "answer": "to follow, to continue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 88, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 89, "answer": "to serve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 90, "answer": "to smile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 91, "answer": "to go up, to ascend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 92, "answer": "to have", "alternates": []}, {"number": 93, "answer": "to have to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 94, "answer": "to finish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 95, "answer": "to throw", "alternates": []}, {"number": 96, "answer": "to touch, to play (an instrument)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 97, "answer": "to take", "alternates": []}, {"number": 98, "answer": "to work", "alternates": []}, {"number": 99, "answer": "to try to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 100, "answer": "to use", "alternates": []}, {"number": 101, "answer": "to sell", "alternates": []}, {"number": 102, "answer": "to come", "alternates": []}, {"number": 103, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"number": 104, "answer": "to travel", "alternates": []}, {"number": 105, "answer": "to live", "alternates": []}, {"number": 106, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"number": 107, "answer": "to vote", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to open 2. to have just 3. to accept 4. to save (money) 5. to have lunch 6. to turn off 7. to appear 8. to learn 9. to arrange, to fix 10. to dance 11. to go down, to descend 12. to drink 13. to change 14. to walk 15. to sing 16. to celebrate 17. to close 18. to cook 19. to eat 20. to share 21. to buy 22. to understand 23. to answer 24. to run 25. to cross 26. to owe, should, must, ought to 27. to decide 28. to stop (doing something) 29. to rest 30. to describe 31. to return (an object) 32. to draw 33. to enjoy 34. to turn, to fold 35. to sleep 36. to begin 37. to find 38. to understand 39. to enter 40. to write 41. to listen to 42. to be 43. to study 44. to explain 45. to sign 46. to smoke 47. to win 48. to enjoy 49. to speak 50. to do, to make 51. to go 52. to play 53. to read 54. to clean 55. to arrive 56. to fill 57. to wear, to carry 58. to cry 59. to drive 60. to dial, to mark 61. to lie 62. to put in 63. to look at, to watch 64. to swim 65. to need 66. to hear 67. to stop 68. to pass, to spend (time) 69. to think 70. to lose 71. to paint 72. to be able 73. to put 74. to practice 75. to prefer 76. to turn on 77. to prepare 78. to want 79. to receive 80. to remember 81. to return 82. to review 83. to repeat 84. to break 85. to know, to know how 86. to leave, to exit 87. to follow, to continue 88. to be 89. to serve 90. to smile 91. to go up, to ascend 92. to have 93. to have to (do something) 94. to finish 95. to throw 96. to touch, to play (an instrument) 97. to take 98. to work 99. to try to (do something) 100. to use 101. to sell 102. to come 103. to see 104. to travel 105. to live 106. to return 107. to vote"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El trabajo"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No voy al trabajo hoy, ni mañana, ni pasado mañana. No tengo ganas. Mi oficina es demasiado oscura. Cuando entro, finjo que estoy bien y que entiendo como funcionan todas las máquinas que están allí, pero en realidad, no entiendo nada. El cambio de un año a otro es impresionante. Ahora no hay espacio ni para mis plantas ni para mis fotos. Hay una computadora encima de la mesa y una impresora entre la máquina de facsímile y la contestadora. El papel está debajo de la mesa; mis plumas y mis lápices están al lado de la computadora. Yo sé que tengo que aprender a usar todo para tener éxito en este nuevo mundo de la tecnología."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Durante el día, si mi jefe quiere hablar conmigo, él no sale de su oficina. (Él está a solo veinte pasos de mi oficina.) Ya no habla conmigo cara a cara. ¡No! Él manda un correo electrónico desde su oficina. Ya no escucho su voz bella y expresiva. Ya no viene a mi cuartito para conversar conmigo, ni discutimos las noticias del día, ni tomamos un café juntos. Ahora él no busca razones para venir a mi oficina."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Son las doce. Ahora él prepara las facturas y los depósitos para la semana. Almuerza rápidamente para volver a su computadora. Casi no descansa. Todos los empleados salen a las cinco, pero él siempre trabaja hasta las seis. Tengo mucho que hacer en la casa, pero si hago un gran esfuerzo, puedo terminar antes de las cinco. Al fin y al cabo, no voy a llamar a la oficina; es mejor ir a saludar a mis colegas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar", "conversar", "discutir", "fingir", "funcionar", "to look for", "to converse", "to discuss", "to pretend", "to function,", "llamar", "mandar", "saludar", "to call", "to send", "to greet"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 149, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0149-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el cambio", "the change", "la computadora", "the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 149, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice"], "ocrConfidence": 0.92, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["impresionante", "Oscuro", "impressive", "dark"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8617021276595744, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrou", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8617021276595744, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al trabajo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Quiere ella aprender todo lo necesario de la tecnología?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo es su relación con su jefe?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿En qué piensa Isabel durante el día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué va a hacer a las cinco?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel está contenta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch10", "number": 10, "title": "The Indirect Object", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Gustar and the Indirect Object"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gustar means to be pleasing to and is used to express the idea of liking in Spanish."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Me gusta and me gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun that means to me. In Spanish, there is no exact translation of I like. Compare the English construction with the Spanish construction."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Singular Noun as the Subject"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0153-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "I like this class.", "Me gusta esta clase.", "To me is pleasing this class"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 153, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta clase is a singular noun—the subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gusta is the verb and agrees with the singular subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun—the person to whom the action is occurring."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0153-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gusta la música.", "Me gusta el libro.", "Me gusta esta idea.", "Me gusta la cerveza.", "Me gusta el chocolate.", "The music is pleasing to me", "The book is pleasing to me.", "This idea is pleasing to me.", "The beer is pleasing to me.", "Chocolate is pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 153, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In the Spanish construction, subjects retain their articles (el, la, los, las) even when the English translation doesn’t include them (for exam-ple, el chocolate, English Chocolate —not The chocolate— in the example above)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Practicing Orally"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is essential to practice orally me gusta and all the forms to follow. The more you practice, the more natural it becomes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Plural Noun as the Subject"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the subject of the sentence is a plural noun, gusta becomes gustan to agree with the plural subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "I like the books.", "Me gustan los libros.", "To me are pleasing the books"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Los libros is the plural noun—the subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gustan is the verb and agrees with the plural subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun—the person to whom the action is occurring."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gustan las fiestas.", "Me gustan los deportes.", "Me gustan los perros.", "The parties are pleasing to me", "Sports are pleasing to me.", "Dogs are pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Verb as the Subject"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta is also used when the subject is a verb. The verb form is the infinitive, no matter what the English translation is. When an infinitive is the subject, the singular gusta is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "Me gusta comer:", "Me gusta bailar:", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Me gusta escribir y leer.", "I like to swim.", "Me gusta nadar:", "To me is pleasing to swim.", "To eat is pleasing to me.", "To dance is pleasing to me.", "To go to the movies is pleasing to me", "To write and to read are pleasing", "to me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Gusta remains singular even if it is followed by a series of verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only forms of gustar that you will need are the third-person singular, gusta, and the third-person plural, gustan."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, simply place no before the indirect object."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me gustan las cucarachas.", "No me gusta cocinar.", "Cockroaches are not pleasing to me", "To cook is not pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the subject of the sentence is a singular noun or a verb, use gusta."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta el hotel."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta viajar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the subject is a plural noun, use gustan."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gustan las vacaciones."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the sentence is negative, place no before the indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No me gustan los ratones."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Te gusta and te gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Te is the indirect object pronoun that means to you. When you use te, you are speaking in the familiar tú form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "You like his car.", "Te gusta su carro.", "To you is pleasing his car"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular Noun as the Subject", "Te gusta mi idea.", "¿Te gusta la puesta del sol?", "¿Te gusta el teatro?", "¿Te gusta España?", "Plural Noun as the Subject", "Te gustan las flores rojas.", "¿Te gustan las lecciones?", "¿ Te gustan tus cursos?", "Verb as the Subject", "Te gusta viajar:", "Te gusta descansar.", "Te gusta cantar y bailar.", "My idea is pleasing to you.", "Is the sunset pleasing to you?", "Is theater pleasing to you?", "Is Spain pleasing to you?", "Red flowers are pleasing to you.", "Are the lessons pleasing to you?", "Are your courses pleasing to you?", "To travel is pleasing to you.", "To rest is pleasing to you.", "To sing and dance is pleasing to you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Le gusta and le gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Le is the indirect object pronoun that means to him (a él), to her (a ella), or to you (a Ud.)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "He likes the wine.", "Le gusta el vino.", "To him is pleasing the wine"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because le means to him, to her, and to you, it can have any of the following meanings."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to him."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to her."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To clarify this ambiguity, the sentence must begin with a prepositional phrase that clarifies the meaning of the indirect object pronoun le."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A él le gusta el vino.", "A él le gusta cantar:", "A él le gustan los libros.", "A ella le gusta el vino rosado.", "A ella le gusta escribir cartas.", "A ella le gustan las montañas.", "A Ud. le gusta la cerveza.", "A Ud. le gusta tomar un", "descanso.", "A Ud. le gustan las playas.", "The wine is pleasing to him.", "Singing is pleasing to him.", "Books are pleasing to him.", "Rosé wine is pleasing to her.", "Writing letters is pleasing to her.", "The mountains are pleasing to her", "The beer is pleasing to you.", "To take a break is pleasing to you.", "Beaches are pleasing to you."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can also insert proper names and nouns in the prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A Fernando le gusta la verdad.", "A María le gusta bailar", "A Roberto le gustan los carros", "nuevos.", "The truth is pleasing to Fernando", "To dance is pleasing to Maria.", "New cars are pleasing to Robert."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Singular nouns can be inserted in the prepositional phrases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A la mujer le gusta leer:", "Al hombre le gusta cocinar.", "To read is pleasing to the woman", "To cook is pleasing to the man."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nos gusta and nos gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos is the indirect object pronoun that means to us."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "We like to speak Spanish.", "Nos gusta hablar español.", "To us is pleasing to speak Spanish.", "Nos gusta la torta de chocolate.", "Chocolate cake is pleasing to us.", "Nos gusta comer en el parque.", "To eat in the park is pleasing to us", "Nos gustan nuestros maestros.", "Our teachers are pleasing to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Les gusta and les gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Les is the indirect object pronoun that means to them (a ellos, a ellas) and to you (a Uds.)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "They like the film.", "Les gusta la película.", "To them is pleasing the film"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because les means both to them and to you, the meaning of this sentence can be either of the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The film is pleasing to them."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The film is pleasing to you (pl.)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To clarify this ambiguity, the sentence must begin with a prepositional phrase that clarifies the meaning of les."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A Uds. les gusta el café negro?", "¿A Uds. les gusta el presidente?", "A ellas les gustan los hoteles.", "A ellos les gusta dormir bien.", "Is black coffee pleasing to you?", "Is the president pleasing to you?", "Hotels are pleasing to them.", "To sleep well is pleasing to them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nouns and proper names can be inserted in the prepositional phrases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A Sara y Enrique les gusta", "nadar.", "A los niños les gustan los", "juguetes.", "A las niñas les gustan las", "lecciones.", "To swim is pleasing to Sara and", "Henry.", "Toys are pleasing to the children", "The lessons are pleasing to the", "girls."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you want to add emphasis to the constructions of me gusta and te gusta, add a mí, which emphasizes me, and a ti, which emphasizes te."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0158-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A mí me gusta el café.", "A ti te gusta el vino.", "Coffee is pleasing to me", "Wine is pleasing to you."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8688524590163934, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 158, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no ambiguity in these examples. A mí and a ti give the feeling of the emphasized pronoun in English: I like coffee. You like wine."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.1", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans1", "instruction": "Pronounce the examples aloud so you can become familiar with the sound.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al"], "ocrLines": ["Singular Subject", "Singular Subject", "Me gusta el hotel.", "Me gusta viajar.", "Te gusta la clase.", "Te gusta correr.", "Le gusta el libro.", "Le gusta escribir.", "Nos gusta la comida.", "Nos gusta comer.", "Les gusta el programa.", "Les gusta leer.", "Plural Subject", "Me gustan los hoteles.", "Te gustan las clases.", "Le gustan los libros.", "Nos gustan las comidas.", "Les gustan los programas", "el cambio", "the change", "la computadora the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice", "el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz.", "impresionante", "oscuro", "impressive", "dark", "al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrow", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al", "trabajo?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "10.1 Pronunciation exercise only.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": false, "raw": "Pronunciation exercise only."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.2", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences. Choose the correct indirect object pronoun, as indicated by the prepositional phrase in parentheses, then choose either gusta or gustan, depending on whether the subject is singular or plural.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. (A mí) ___________________ el café con azúcar.", "2. (A ella) ___________________ el café negro.", "3. (A María) ___________________ el té.", "4. (A mí) ___________________ escribir libros.", "5. (A mis amigos) ___________________ cocinar.", "6. (A Susana y a Miguel) ___________________ viajar.", "7. (A ellos) ___________________ comer en buenos restaurantes.", "8. (A mí) ___________________ ir al teatro.", "9. (A ti) ___________________ ir al cine.", "10. (A nosotros) ___________________ salir los sábados.", "11. (A Guillermo) ___________________ los restaurantes japoneses.", "12. (A su amiga) ___________________ los restaurantes hindúes.", "13. (A Uds.) ___________________ los restaurantes franceses.", "14. (A mí) ___________________ las playas del Caribe.", "15. (A ti) ___________________ las piscinas grandes.", "16. (A tu hermana) ___________________ la ciudad.", "17. (Al hermano de José) ___________________ el campo.", "18. (A nosotros) ___________________ viajar.", "19. (A Cecilia y a su familia) ___________________ conversar.", "20. (A los niños) ___________________ aprender todo.", "21. (A los adolescentes) ___________________ jugar deportes.", "22. ¿(A Uds.) ___________________ el alcalde de su ciudad?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "(A mí)", "me gusta", "- el helado.", "(A él) le gustan", "_ las galletas.", "(A nosotros)", "nos gusta", ", el postre", "el cambio", "the change", "la computadora the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice", "el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz.", "impresionante", "oscuro", "impressive", "dark", "al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrow", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al", "trabajo?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "te gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "les gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "me gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "te gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.2 1. me gusta 2. le gusta 3. le gusta 4. me gusta 5. les gusta 6. les gusta 7. les gusta 8. me gusta 9. te gusta 10. nos gusta 11. le gustan 12. le gustan 13. les gustan 14. me gustan 15. te gustan 16. le gusta 17. le gusta 18. nos gusta 19. les gusta 20. les gusta 21. les gusta 22. les gusta", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "te gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "les gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "me gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "te gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me gusta 2. le gusta 3. le gusta 4. me gusta 5. les gusta 6. les gusta 7. les gusta 8. me gusta 9. te gusta 10. nos gusta 11. le gustan 12. le gustan 13. les gustan 14. me gustan 15. te gustan 16. le gusta 17. le gusta 18. nos gusta 19. les gusta 20. les gusta 21. les gusta 22. les gusta"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs like gustar"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have just learned a very important form, not only to express the idea of I like, but for other verbs as well. The following verbs are used with an indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "agradar to be pleasing to (very close in meaning to gustar)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0159-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ No te agrada nadar?", "Me agrada vivir en el campo.", "Isn't swimming pleasing to you?", "To live in the country is pleasing", "to me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 159, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "convenir to suit someone, to be convenient (for)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0159-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te conviene tomar ese trabajo?", "No nos conviene viajar ahora.", "Does it suit you to take that job:", "It does not suit us to travel now."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 159, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "doler to be painful, to hurt"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me duele la cabeza.", "Te duelen los dientes.", "¿A Uds. les duelen los pies si", "My head hurts me.", "Your teeth hurt you.", "Do your feet hurt you if you walk"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8333333333333334, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In Spanish, the possessive adjective is not used with parts of the body and the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "encantar to be enchanting to, to like very much"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Le encanta viajar.", "Le encanta visitar España.", "To travel is enchanting to him.", "(He loves traveling.)", "To visit Spain is enchanting to him"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Encantar is much stronger than gustar. Encantar cannot be used in the negative."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "faltar to be lacking (something), to be missing (something)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A ellos les falta disciplina.", "Aquí falta luz.", "They lack discipline.", "Here there is no light"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Faltar can be used without the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fascinar to fascinate, to be fascinating (to)", "Nos fascina el baile flamenco.", "Me fascinan estos dibujos.", "hacer falta to need (something)", "Me hace falta tomar unas", "vacaciones.", "Flamenco dance fascinates us.", "These drawings are fascinating to me", "I need to take a vacation.", "importar to be important to, to matter", "No me importa.", "A Sandra le importan sus", "It is not important to me.", "Sandra's friends are important to her", "amigos.", "No importa.", "It doesn't matter. / Never mind.", "NOTE: Importar can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "interesar to be interesting (to)", "Les interesa estudiar.", "Me interesa ir a museos.", "To study is interesting to them.", "It interests me to go to museums."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0161-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["molestar to bother, to annoy", "¿Le molesta si alguien fuma?", "A él no le molesta nada.", "Does it bother you if someone", "smokes?", "Nothing bothers him.", "parecer to seem, to appear to be", "Me parce que es una buena", "It seems to me that it is a good", "escuela.", "school.", "Parece que va a llover:", "It seems that it is going to rain.", "NOTE: Parecer can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "quedar to be left over, to remain", "Nos quedan veinte minutos.", "We have 20 minutes left.", "No me queda mucho dinero.", "I don't have much money left.", "¿Cuantas paginas nos quedan", "How many pages are left for us", "por leer?", "to read?", "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be.", "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)", "Me sobra comida para mañana.", "I have more than enough food", "for tomorrow.", "tocarle a alguien to be someone's turn", "Cada vez que me toca a mí, gano.", "Cada vez que le toca a él, pierde.", "Every time it's my turn, I win.", "Every time it's his turn, he loses"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 161, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.3", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositional phrase, according to the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ________________ le gusta el tenis. (to her)", "2. ¿ ________________ le gustan todos los deportes? (to you)", "3. ________________ me gusta leer, pero me encanta escribir. (to me)", "4. Yo sé que ________________ te gusta estudiar, pero ________________ les gusta ir a fiestas. (to you/to them)", "5. Parece que ________________ le gusta cocinar. (to no one)", "6. ¿ ________________ le gusta limpiar su apartamento? (to whom)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "A él", "le gusta nadar. (to him)", "fascinar to fascinate, to be fascinating (to)", "Nos fascina el baile flamenco.", "Me fascinan estos dibujos.", "Flamenco dance fascinates us.", "These drawings are fascinating to me.", "hacer falta to need (something)", "Me hace falta tomar unas", "vacaciones.", "I need to take a vacation.", "importar to be important to, to matter", "No me importa.", "A Sandra le importan sus", "It is not important to me.", "Sandra's friends are important to her.", "amigos.", "No importa.", "It doesn't matter. / Never mind.", "NOTE: Importar can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "interesar to be interesting (to)", "Les interesa estudiar.", "Me interesa ir a museos.", "To study is interesting to them.", "It interests me to go to museums."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "A ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "A Ud", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "A mí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "a ti, a ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A quién", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.3 1. A ella 2. A Ud. 3. A mí 4. a ti, a ellos 5. a nadie 6. A quién", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "A ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "A Ud", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "A mí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "a ti, a ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A quién", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. A ella 2. A Ud. 3. A mí 4. a ti, a ellos 5. a nadie 6. A quién"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.4", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans4", "instruction": "Change the following singular sentences to plural. Make sure both the subject and the verb are plural. The indirect object pronoun will remain the same.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Les encanta ese carro rojo. _________________", "2. Te agrada el programa. _________________", "3. Me gusta la silla. _________________", "4. Nos importa nuestro amigo. _________________", "5. Le fascina esa computadora. _________________"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Me gusta su idea.", "Me gustan sus ideas.", "molestar to bother, to annoy", "¿ Le molesta si alguien fuma?", "A él no le molesta nada.", "Does it bother you if someone", "smokes?", "Nothing bothers him.", "parecer to seem, to appear to be", "Me parce que es una buena", "It seems to me that it is a good", "escuela.", "school.", "Parece que va a llover.", "It seems that it is going to rain.", "NOTE: Parecer can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "quedar to be left over, to remain", "Nos quedan veinte minutos.", "We have 20 minutes left.", "No me queda mucho dinero.", "I don't have much money left.", "¿Cuántas páginas nos quedan", "How many pages are left for us", "por leer?", "to read?", "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be.", "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)", "Me sobra comida para mañana.", "I have more than enough food", "for tomorrow.", "tocarle a alguien to be someone's turn", "Cada vez que me toca a mí, gano.", "Cada vez que le toca a él, pierde.", "Every time it's my turn, I win.", "Every time it's his turn, he loses.", "• Exercise 10.3", "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositional phrase,", "according to the words in parentheses.", "A él le gusta nadar. (to him)", "le gusta el tenis. (to her)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Les encantan esos carros rojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Te agradan los programas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Me gustan las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Nos importan nuestros amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Le fascinan esas computadoras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.4 1. Les encantan esos carros rojos. 2. Te agradan los programas. 3. Me gustan las sillas. 4. Nos importan nuestros amigos. 5. Le fascinan esas computadoras.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Les encantan esos carros rojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Te agradan los programas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Me gustan las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Nos importan nuestros amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Le fascinan esas computadoras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Les encantan esos carros rojos. 2. Te agradan los programas. 3. Me gustan las sillas. 4. Nos importan nuestros amigos. 5. Le fascinan esas computadoras."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.5", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Me gusta viajar. Traveling / To travel is pleasing to me."], "prompts": ["1. A Susana le duele la cabeza. _________________", "2. Me falta un lápiz con que escribir. _________________", "3. ¿Por qué no te gusta bailar? _________________", "4. Nos fascinan los viajes exóticos. _________________", "5. A ella le interesan las noticias del día.", "6. ¿A Ud. le molesta su perfume? _________________", "7. ¿A Uds. les importan las lecciones? _________________", "8. ¿Te conviene seguir tus estudios este año? _________________", "9. A él no le gusta manejar en la lluvia. _________________", "10. A ella no le gusta el clima caliente. _________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Susan’s head hurts", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I lack a pencil with which to write", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Exotic trips enchant us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "News of the day is interesting to her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Does her perfume bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Are the lessons important to you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Hot weather is not pleasing to her", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.5 1. Susan’s head hurts. 2. I lack a pencil with which to write. 3. Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you? 4. Exotic trips enchant us. 5. News of the day is interesting to her. 6. Does her perfume bother you? 7. Are the lessons important to you? 8. Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year? 9. To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him. 10. Hot weather is not pleasing to her.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Susan’s head hurts", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I lack a pencil with which to write", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Exotic trips enchant us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "News of the day is interesting to her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Does her perfume bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Are the lessons important to you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Hot weather is not pleasing to her", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Susan’s head hurts. 2. I lack a pencil with which to write. 3. Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you? 4. Exotic trips enchant us. 5. News of the day is interesting to her. 6. Does her perfume bother you? 7. Are the lessons important to you? 8. Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year? 9. To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him. 10. Hot weather is not pleasing to her."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.6", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A Ud. le duele la cabeza después de trabajar todo el día?", "2. ¿Qué les conviene estudiar ahora?", "3. ¿Cuántos libros nos quedan por leer?", "4. ¿Por qué a Uds. les fascina hablar español?", "5. ¿Les gustan los carros grandes que usan mucha gasolina?", "6. ¿Te interesa la tecnología?", "7. ¿Qué le encanta hacer?", "8. En su familia, ¿a quién le gusta jugar al baloncesto? ¿A quién le gusta bailar?", "9. ¿Te importa saber de la política?", "10. ¿A Uds. les fascina viajar?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "10.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Indirect Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the indirect object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0163-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "nos", "os", "les", "a Ud.", "aél", "a ella", "a Uds.", "a ellos", "a ellas", "to me", "to you (sing., familiar)", "to you (sing., formal)", "to him", "to her", "to us", "to you (pl., familiar; used only in Spain)", "to you (pl., formal)", "to them (m.)", "to them (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 163, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "So far, you have learned the indirect object with verbs like gustar. Now make sure you know what an indirect object is in other sentences as well. For example, I give the gift to him. In this sentence, to him is the indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object receives the action of the verb indirectly. It answers questions about to whom or for whom an action is done."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to have an indirect object in a sentence, there must be a direct object, either real or implied. In the example above, the gift is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of the indirect object is to me, to you, to him, to her, to us, to them."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Indirect Objects"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Be sure to practice the indirect object orally as much as you can. The structure of Spanish and English is quite different here, so take your time and practice."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that commonly take indirect objects follow."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cobrar to charge (money)", "yo cobro", "nosotros cobramos", "tú cobras", "vosotros cobráis", "Ud. cobra Uds. cobran", "contar to relate, to tell a story,", "to count; contar con to count on,", "to rely on", "yo cuento", "tú cuentas", "él cuenta", "nosotros contamos", "vosotros contáis", "ellos cuentan", "dar to give", "yo doy", "tú das", "él da", "nosotros damos", "vosotros dais", "ellos dan", "enseñar to teach", "yo enseño nosotros enseñamos", "tú enseñas vosotros enseñáis", "Ud. enseña Uds. enseñan", "hacer to do, to make", "yo hago", "nosotros hacemos", "tú haces", "vosotros hacéis", "Ud. hace", "Uds. hacen", "comprar to buy", "yo compro", "tú compras", "él compra", "nosotros compramos", "vosotros compráis", "ellos compran", "contestar to answer", "yo contesto", "nosotros contestamos", "tú contestas", "vosotros contestáis", "ella contesta ellas contestan", "decir to say, to tell", "yo digo", "nosotros decimos", "tú dices", "vosotros decís", "ella dice", "ellas dicen", "enviar to send", "yo envio", "tú envías", "él envía", "nosotros enviamos", "vosotros enviáis", "ellos envían", "preguntar to ask (a question)", "yo pregunto", "nosotros preguntamos", "tú preguntas vosotros preguntáis", "él pregunta", "ellos preguntan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 164, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["prestar to lend", "yo presto", "tú prestas", "ella presta", "vender to sell", "yo vendo", "tú vendes", "ella vende", "nosotros prestamos", "vosotros prestáis", "ellas prestan", "nosotros vendemos", "vosotros vendéis", "ellas venden", "traer to bring", "yo traigo", "tú traes", "Ud. trae", "nosotros traemos", "vosotros traéis", "Uds. traen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Position of the Indirect Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb in a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carlos me escribe una carta.", "Carlos te escribe una carta.", "Yo le escribo una carta.", "Carlos os escribe una carta.", "Yo les escribo una carta.", "Charles writes a letter to me.", "Charles writes a letter to you", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to him.", "I write a letter to her.", "Charles writes a letter to you", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the indirect object pronoun le is ambiguous. It means to him, to her, to you. Out of context, there is no way to know what the meaning is. So a prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a Ud.", "María le escribe una carta a él.", "María le escribe una carta a ellla..", "Maria writes a letter to you.", "Maria writes a letter to him", "Maria urites a letter to her"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember also that a proper noun can be inserted in the clarifying prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a Juan.", "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", "Maria writes a letter to John.", "Maria writes a letter to Susana"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun can also be inserted in the prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a su", "hermana.", "María le escribe una carta a mi", "amigo.", "Juan le escribe una carta a su", "padre.", "Tuan le escribe una carta a su", "primo.", "Maria writes a letter to her", "sister.", "Maria writes a letter to my", "friend.", "John writes a letter to his", "father.", "John writes a letter to his", "cousin."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9476744186046512, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like le, les is ambiguous. It means t o you (a Uds.) and to them (a ellos, a ellas). A prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning. A proper noun or a noun can also be used as a clarifier."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Juan les escribe una carta a Uds.", "Juan les escribe una carta a ellas.", "Él les escribe una carta a sus", "hermanos.", "Juan les escribe una carta a Ana", "y José.", "John writes a letter to you.", "John writes a letter to them", "He writes a letter to his", "brothers.", "John writes a letter to Ana", "and Joseph."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9476744186046512, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With the verbs comprar and hacer, the translation of the indirect object pronoun is for me, for you, for him, for her, for us, for them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él me compra flores.", "Yo le compro flores a él.", "Te hago un favor.", "He buys flowers for me", "I buy flowers for him.", "I do (for) you a favor."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.7", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans7", "instruction": "Using the new verbs, complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object pronoun. Add clarifiers when necessary.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Julia _______________ dos tarjetas cada semana. (to write/to me)", "2. José y Maria _______________ tarjetas desde Barcelona. (to write/to us)", "3. Carlos _______________ la lección de hoy. (to give/to me)", "4. Yo _______________ si mi tarea está en tu casa. (to ask/you)", "5. Él _______________ que su hermana vive en Nueva York. (to say/to me)", "6. Ella _______________ su bolígrafo. (to lend/to him)", "7. Nosotros _______________ a hablar español. (to teach/ to Ana y José)", "8. Ellos _______________ café con leche a mi oficina. (to bring/to us)", "9. Yo _______________ los resultados de la elección. (to tell/to him)", "10. Yo _______________, “¿Cuánto _______________ Ud.?” (to ask/the cab driver, to charge/me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me escribe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "nos escriben", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me da", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te pregunto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me dice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "le presta a él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "les enseñamos a Ana y José", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nos traen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "le digo a él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.7 1. me escribe 2. nos escriben 3. me da 4. te pregunto 5. me dice 6. le presta a él 7. les enseñamos a Ana y José 8. nos traen 9. le digo a él 10. le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me escribe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "nos escriben", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me da", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te pregunto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me dice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "le presta a él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "les enseñamos a Ana y José", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nos traen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "le digo a él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me escribe 2. nos escriben 3. me da 4. te pregunto 5. me dice 6. le presta a él 7. les enseñamos a Ana y José 8. nos traen 9. le digo a él 10. le pregunto al taxista, me cobra"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.8", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object pronoun. Notice that these sentences include two verbs. Practice placing the indirect object pronoun directly before the first verb.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Alicia _______________ una alfombra. (to want to give/to me)", "2. El maestro _______________ el francés. (to want to teach/to his students)", "3. Mis primos _______________ un carro para mi cumpleaños. (to be going to buy/for me)", "4. Yo _______________ mi computadora vieja. (to want to sell/to you)", "5. ¿Tienes frío? Yo _______________ una chaqueta. (to be able to bring/to you)", "6. Ud. _______________ la verdad. (ought to tell/him)", "7. ¿Quién _______________ las lecciones de hoy? (to be able to teach/us)", "8. ¿ _______________ Ud. el favor de limpiar mi casa? (to be able to do/for me)", "9. Yo _______________ buenas direcciones, pero no sé donde estoy. (to want to give/to you)", "10. Ellos siempre _______________ cómo estoy. (to ask/me)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Juan", "Juan", "me quiere dar una lámpara. (to want to give/to me)", "me va a dar", "una lámpara. (to be going to give/to me)", "Position of the Indirect Object Pronoun", "The indirect object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a", "sentence or phrase.", "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", "In the first position, the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the", "first verb in a sentence or question.", "Carlos me escribe una carta.", "Carlos te escribe una carta.", "Yo le escribo una carta.", "Carlos os escribe una carta.", "Yo les escribo una carta.", "Charles writes a letter to me.", "Charles writes a letter to you.", "｛", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to him.", "I write a letter to her.", "¡ I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to them.", "Remember that the indirect object pronoun le is ambiguous. It means to", "him, to her, to you. Out of context, there is no way to know what the", "meaning is. So a prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning.", "María le escribe una carta a Ud.", "María le escribe una carta a él.", "María le escribe una carta a ella.", "Maria writes a letter to you.", "Maria writes a letter to him.", "Maria writes a letter to her.", "Remember also that a proper noun can be inserted in the clarifying", "prepositional phrase.", "María le escribe una carta a Juan.", "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", "Maria writes a letter to John.", "Maria writes a letter to Susana."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me quiere dar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me van a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "le quiero vender / te quiero vender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te puedo traer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "le debe decir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "nos puede enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Me puede hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "le quiero dar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me preguntan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.8 1. me quiere dar 2. les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes 3. me van a comprar 4. le quiero vender / te quiero vender 5. te puedo traer 6. le debe decir 7. nos puede enseñar 8. Me puede hacer 9. le quiero dar 10. me preguntan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me quiere dar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me van a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "le quiero vender / te quiero vender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te puedo traer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "le debe decir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "nos puede enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Me puede hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "le quiero dar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me preguntan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me quiere dar 2. les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes 3. me van a comprar 4. le quiero vender / te quiero vender 5. te puedo traer 6. le debe decir 7. nos puede enseñar 8. Me puede hacer 9. le quiero dar 10. me preguntan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the indirect object pronoun is attached to the infinitive if there is an infinitive in the sentence or question."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Let us say, for example, that a sentence includes a phrase that has an infinitive but no other form of a verb. In that type of phrase, any indirect object pronoun must be attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Antes de prestarte dinero,...", "Después de enseñarnos el", "francés,...", "En vez de escribirme una", "carta....", "Before lending you money, ..", "After teaching us French, ....", "Instead of writing a letter to", "me..."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9787234042553191, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 168, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In other cases, sentences may include a phrase with more than one verb, one of which is an infinitive. You may also attach an indirect object pronoun to the infinitive in this type of phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0168-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. hacerme el favor", "de cerrar la ventana?", "Pedro quiere darte un libro.", "Vamos a enseñarle a pintar:", "Ella quiere traernos café.", "El niño va a decirles la verdad.", "Can you do me the favor of closing", "the window?", "Peter wants to give you a book.", "We are going to teach him to paint", "She wants to bring coffee to us.", "The boy is going to tell them the", "truth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9787234042553191, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 168, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.9", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by attaching the indirect object pronoun to the infinitive. Use the words within parentheses as well as the prepositional phrases in the sentences for clarification.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella _______________ un cuento esta noche. (to want to tell/to me)", "2. Patricia _______________ a Ud. su guitarra. (to be going to lend)", "3. ¿Quién _______________ a su familia? (to be going to write)", "4. Nosotros _______________ a sus amigos la casa. (to be going to sell)", "5. Yo _______________ a Uds. mi bicicleta. (to want to lend)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quiere contarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "va a prestarle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "va a escribirle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vamos a venderles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quiero prestarles", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.9 1. quiere contarme 2. va a prestarle 3. va a escribirle 4. vamos a venderles 5. quiero prestarles", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quiere contarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "va a prestarle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "va a escribirle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vamos a venderles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quiero prestarles", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quiere contarme 2. va a prestarle 3. va a escribirle 4. vamos a venderles 5. quiero prestarles"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.10", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans10", "instruction": "Some of the following sentences have two verbs; some have one. Complete the sentences with the correct verb or verbs and indirect object pronoun. The verbs in this lesson are very important, so try to memorize them as you do the following exercise.", "extra": ["Review the positions of the indirect object pronoun.", "• Directly before the first verb", "• Attached to the infinitive", "Whether the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb or is attached to the infinitive, the meaning is exactly the same. Practice the indirect object pronouns and the verbs aloud as much as you can."], "prompts": ["1. Si tienes frío, yo _______________ un suéter. (to give/to you)", "2. El camarero _______________ al hombre un vaso de agua. (to bring/to him)", "3. Manuel _______________ a cocinar. (to want to teach/to us)", "4. Nosotros _______________ el viernes. (to be going to write/to them)", "5. Tú _______________ tus libros todo el tiempo. (to lend/to me)"], "ocrLines": ["Yo te quiero escribir una carta.", "Yo quiero escribirte una carta.", "Él me va a vender un carro.", "Él va a venderme un carro.", "Ellos nos quieren contar un cuento.", "Ellos quieren contarnos un cuento.", "Les debemos decir a Uds. la verdad.", "Debemos decirles a Uds. la verdad", "¿ I want to write you a letter:", "y He is going to sell me a car.", "They want to tell us a story.", "We ought to tell you the truth", "3. Carlos", "4. Yo", "5. 白1", "_ la lección de hoy. (to give/to me)", "si mi tarea está en tu casa. (to ask/you)", "• que su hermana vive en Nueva York. (to say/to", "me)", "6. Ella", "su boligrafo. (to lend/to him)", "7. Nosotros", "_ a hablar español. (to teach/to Ana y Jose)", "8. Ellos", "_ café con leche a mi oficina. (to bring/to us)", "9. Yo", "los resultados de la elección. (to tell/to him)", "10. Yo", "., \"¿Cuánto _", "Ud.?\" (to ask/the", "cab driver, to charge/me)", "'Exercise 10.8", "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object", "pronoun. Notice that these sentences include two verbs. Practice placing", "the indirect object pronoun directly before the first verb.", "EXAMPLES", "Juan", "me quiere dar una lámpara. (to want to give/to me)", "me va a dar", "una lámpara. (to be going to give/to me)", "1. Alicia", "2. El maestro", "students)", "3. Mis primos", "going to buy/for me)", "5. ¿ Tienes frío? Yo", "bring/to you)", "6. Ud.", "7. ¿Quién", "teach/us)", "_ una alfombra. (to want to give/to me)", "_ el francés. (to want to teach/to his", ". un carro para mi cumpleaños. (to be", "mi computadora vieja. (to want to sell/to you)", "una chaqueta. (to be able to", "_ la verdad. (ought to tell/him)", "_ las lecciones de hoy? (to be able to"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te doy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "le trae", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me prestas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.10 1. te doy 2. le trae 3. nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos 4. les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles 5. me prestas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te doy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "le trae", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me prestas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te doy 2. le trae 3. nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos 4. les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles 5. me prestas"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.11", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans11", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Me puede decir, ¿por qué a Sandra no le gusta tocar la guitarra?", "2. El amigo de Elena le presta a Ud. sus libros.", "3. Elena le da a su hermano los bolígrafos que él necesita.", "4. Las lecciones de música no son caras. El maestro les cobra a sus estudiantes quince dólares por hora.", "5. Me fascina jugar al tenis, pero más me conviene nadar.", "6. El doctor no está en su consultorio. No sé si quiere hablar conmigo.", "7. Entre tú y yo, tenemos que decidir quien va a contarles a los niños el cuento.", "8. ¿Por qué el abogado les hace preguntas a los testigos si ya sabe las respuestas?", "9. ¿Puede Ud. venderme rápidamente dos maletas? Voy a viajar mañana.", "10. Ella nos quiere llamar el día de acción de gracias.", "11. A ella le gusta celebrar el día del amor y la amistad.", "12. ¿Les conviene tomar sopa de pollo cuando Uds. están enfermos?", "13. Le digo a ella que su idea es buena.", "14. A ella no le gusta el café; su colega siempre le trae el té.", "15. El camarero le trae al hombre un vaso de agua. Él les trae a los jovencitos un vaso de leche."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Elena’s friend lends her books to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "I tell her that her idea is good", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.11 1. Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar? 2. Elena’s friend lends her books to you. 3. Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs. 4. The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour. 5. Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim. 6. The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me. 7. Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story. 8. Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers? 9. Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow. 10. She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day. 11. Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her. 12. Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick? 13. I tell her that her idea is good. 14. Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea. 15. The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Elena’s friend lends her books to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "I tell her that her idea is good", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar? 2. Elena’s friend lends her books to you. 3. Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs. 4. The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour. 5. Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim. 6. The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me. 7. Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story. 8. Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers? 9. Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow. 10. She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day. 11. Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her. 12. Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick? 13. I tell her that her idea is good. 14. Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea. 15. The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.12", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences, then answer the questions orally in Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quiere Ud. viajar conmigo el año que viene? ¿Tiene Ud. vacaciones? ¿Adónde quiere ir?", "2. ¿Dónde te gusta comer? ¿Prefieres comer en un restaurante o en casa?", "3. ¿A Ud. le molesta la contaminación de las ciudades grandes?", "4. ¿Te gusta bailar? ¿A quién le gusta bailar contigo?", "5. A ellos no les gusta el restaurante en la calle cuarenta y dos con la novena avenida. ¿Sabe Ud. la razón?", "6. Es el cumpleaños de Susana. ¿Le debo traer flores?", "7. Les decimos a los niños que es importante estudiar. ¿Por qué no nos prestan atención?", "8. Le presto dinero a María porque ella es una buena amiga y siempre me devuelve el dinero. ¿Les presta Ud. dinero a sus amigos?", "9. ¿Qué le contesta Ud. al muchacho si él le dice que él tiene miedo de nadar?", "10. Ellos quieren darte un carro para celebrar el nuevo año pero tienen solamente quinientos dólares. ¿Qué deben hacer?", "11. Tenemos hambre. ¿Quién nos va a enseñar a cocinar?", "12. ¿Dónde estoy? ¿Me puedes dar buenas direcciones?", "13. Tu mejor amigo quiere darte un buen regalo. Él quiere hacerte el favor de limpiar tu apartamento. ¿Cuántos cuartos tienes?", "14. El niño le pregunta a Ud., “¿por qué hay nubes en el cielo?” ¿Sabe Ud. la razón?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Es esta lección difícil?", "(Oral)", "Is this lesson difficult?", "Sí, es difícil, pero me gusta aprender.", "prepositional phrases in the sentences for clarification.", "1. Ella", "2. Patricia", "3. ¿Quién", "4. Nosotros", "5. Yo", "un cuento esta noche. (to want to tell/to me)", "_ a Ud. su guitarra. (to be going to lend)", "_ a su familia? (to be going to write)", "—— a sus amigos la casa. (to be going to sell)", "a Uds. mi bicicleta. (to want to lend)", "• Exercise 10.10", "Some of the following sentences have two verbs; some have one. Complete", "the sentences with the correct verb or verbs and indirect object pronoun.", "The verbs in this lesson are very important, so try to memorize them as you", "do the following exercise.", "1. Si tienes frío, yo", "2. El camarero", "him)", "3. Manuel", "5. Tú", "_ un suéter. (to give/to you)", "al hombre un vaso de agua. (to bring/to", "_ a cocinar. (to want to teach/to us)", "_ el viernes. (to be going to write/to them)", "tus libros todo el tiempo. (to lend/to me)", "Review the positions of the indirect object pronoun.", "• Directly before the first verb", "• Attached to the infinitive", "Whether the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb", "or is attached to the infinitive, the meaning is exactly the same. Practice the", "indirect object pronouns and the verbs aloud as much as you can."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Does the pollution of the big cities bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Where am I? Can you give me good directions?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.12 1. Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go? 2. Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home? 3. Does the pollution of the big cities bother you? 4. Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you? 5. The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason? 6. It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers? 7. We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us? 8. I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends? 9. What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim? 10. They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do? 11. We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook? 12. Where am I? Can you give me good directions? 13. Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have? 14. The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Does the pollution of the big cities bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Where am I? Can you give me good directions?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go? 2. Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home? 3. Does the pollution of the big cities bother you? 4. Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you? 5. The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason? 6. It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers? 7. We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us? 8. I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends? 9. What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim? 10. They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do? 11. We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook? 12. Where am I? Can you give me good directions? 13. Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have? 14. The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.13", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans13", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Every year he gives a gift to his girlfriend.", "2. Carla never tells me her secrets.", "3. Henry doesn’t want to lend money to us.", "4. Who is going to buy books for the children?", "5. After writing to his friends, he is going to the movies.", "6. They charge us too much. We charge them little.", "7. Why don’t you answer the students? They ask you many questions.", "8. We are going to give a dog to Peter and Rosa.", "9. I’ll bring you coffee if you bring me tea.", "10. I tell you that the train is coming.", "11. Why do you teach us German if we want to learn French?", "12. She listens to everything, but says nothing to you.", "13. Susan’s aunt tells her that she wants to go to Mexico for her vacation. She tells me that she wants to go to Paris.", "14. After studying a lot, do your eyes hurt?", "15. Everyone wants to go to the football game except me."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Carla nunca me dice sus secretos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Te traigo café si me traes té", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.13 1. Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia. 2. Carla nunca me dice sus secretos. 3. Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero. 4. ¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños? 5. Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine. 6. Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco. 7. ¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas. 8. Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. 9. Te traigo café si me traes té. 10. Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene. 11. ¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés? 12. Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada. 13. La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París. 14. Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos? 15. Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Carla nunca me dice sus secretos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Te traigo café si me traes té", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia. 2. Carla nunca me dice sus secretos. 3. Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero. 4. ¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños? 5. Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine. 6. Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco. 7. ¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas. 8. Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. 9. Te traigo café si me traes té. 10. Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene. 11. ¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés? 12. Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada. 13. La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París. 14. Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos? 15. Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ir de compras"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A mi amigo Julio y a mí nos gusta ir de compras. Nos fascina pasear en el carro a regiones en las afueras. Durante el día, nos encanta probar la comida típica del área. Al entrar en un restaurante, el camarero nos dice “¿En qué puedo servirles?” y le preguntamos, “¿qué clase de comida nos recomienda?” Él nos recomienda los mariscos y nos da unos minutos para decidir. Después de un rato, nos dice, “Disculpe, están Uds. listos para ordenar?” Julio le pregunta cuánto cuesta la langosta. “No hay” nos contesta. Escogemos, pues, crema de almejas, cangrejo con ajo y camarones. Después de la comida deliciosa, continuamos alegremente nuestro viaje turístico."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vocabulario"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0174-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pase compe carro", "las afueras", "probar", "el área (f.)", "al entrar", "en qué puedo servirles", "recomendar", "los mariscos", "un rato", "disculpe", "están Uds. listos para ordenar", "la langosta", "escoger", "crema de almejas", "el cangrejo", "el ajo", "los camarones", "to go shopping", "to take a ride", "outskirts, suburbs", "to taste, to take a taste", "the area", "upon entering", "hou can I serve (help) you", "to recommend", "seafood", "a little while", "excuse me", "are you ready to order", "the lobster", "to choose", "clam chowder", "crab", "garlic", "shrimp"], "ocrConfidence": 0.868421052631579, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 174, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué a los dos amigos les gusta ir de compras?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué les gusta comer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Adónde van después de comer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El viaje"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta viajar porque cuando viajo no soy de aquí ni soy de allá. Me fascina la idea. Pienso ir a Italia. Me dicen que es un país maravilloso, el más bello del mundo. Me cuentan que la gente es muy amable y que gozan de la vida cada día. Me dicen que exactamente a las siete todas las noches en todas las ciudades y todos los pueblos, la gente sale, los jóvenes y los viejos, salen de sus casas y dan una vuelta por la ciudad. Después de caminar por una hora, vuelven a la casa para cenar. ¡Qué imagen más hermosa! Me parece que me va a gustar Italia."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No me importa que hay mucho que hacer antes de viajar. Primero, tengo que hacer las reservaciones. Voy a pedir un asiento con ventanilla porque me encanta mirar el cielo y las nubes por la ventana. Yo sé que a otras personas les gusta el asiento en el pasillo para poder andar por el avión sin molestar a nadie."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La parte que me encanta más es la hora de la comida. La azafata nos pregunta, “¿qué quieren Uds.?” Le contestamos con “pollo, por favor,” o “pescado,” o “prefiero carne, por favor.” Nos dan lo que pedimos y por un rato hay silencio en el avión mientras los pasajeros comen. Si es largo el viaje, nos muestran una película y también podemos escuchar música con los audífonos que nos dan. Yo misma prefiero leer o escribir pero a muchos viajeros les gusta mirar la película mientras otros duermen."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No puedo tardar más. Primero, voy a escoger una buena fecha que me va a traer suerte. Después voy a comprar un tiquete de ida y vuelta y un vuelo directo. Finalmente, voy a arreglar solamente una maleta para no cargar mucho. Yo sé que una buena experiencia me espera."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos y expresiones verbales"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar", "arreglar la maleta", "cargar", "cenar", "dar una vuelta", "to walk", "to pack the suitcase", "to carry", "to dine", "totale a walk", "escoger", "esperar", "gozar (de)", "tardar", "to choose", "to await", "to enjoy", "to delay"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el asiento", "los audífonos", "la azafata", "la imagen", "el pasillo", "la ventanilla", "el vuelo", "the seat", "the headphones", "the stewardess, flight attendant", "the image", "the aisle", "the window in a car, boat, or airplane", "the flight"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronombres relativos y conjunciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo que", "mientras", "that which, often translated as what", "while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hay mucho que hacer", "ida y vuelta", "por un rato", "there is a lot to do", "round-trip", "for a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A Isabel le gusta viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué escoge Italia?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiene que hacer antes de viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué piensa hacer ella durante el viaje? ¿Qué hacen los otros pasajeros?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel va a viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch11", "number": 11, "title": "The Direct Object", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Personal a and the Direct Object"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object receives the action of the verb directly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object can be a thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the tree."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object can be a person."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the woman."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the direct object is a person, an untranslated a is placed directly before the direct object person. This is called the personal a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo veo a la mujer.", "Vemos a Pedro.", "Uds. ven a sus primos.", "I see the woman.", "We see Peter.", "You see your cousins"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the direct object person is masculine and singular, the a combines with el and becomes al."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo visito al hombre.", "Tú visitas al niño.", "I visit the man.", "You visit the child."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Personal a is used before alguien and nadie."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Quieres llamar a alguien?", "No puedo llamar a nadie.", "Do you want to call someone!", "I can't call anyone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Personal a is not used with tener."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tengo dos hermanas.", "Ella tiene cinco sobrinos.", "I have two sisters.", "She has five nephews"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that if the direct object is a thing, there is no personal a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo veo el árbol.", "Queremos ver una película hoy.", "El espera el tren en la estación.", "I see the tree.", "We want to see a film today.", "He waits for the train in the station."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Transitive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Transitive verbs are verbs that take a direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English translation for many Spanish verbs includes a preposition. That means that for this type of verb, the direct object will immediately follow the verb in Spanish, but it will follow a preposition in English. Look closely at the headings for verbs such as buscar to look for. Study the following examples."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo escucho la música.", "Ella mira la casa.", "Esperamos el tren.", "I listen to the music.", "She looks at the house", "We wait for the train."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a list of frequently used transitive verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar to embrace, to hug", "yo abrazo", "nosotros abrazamos", "tú abrazas", "vosotros abrazáis", "ella abraza", "ellas abrazan", "acompañar to accompany", "yo acompaño", "nosotros acompañamos", "tú acompañas", "vosotros acompañáis", "él acompaña", "ellos acompañan", "amar to love", "yo amo", "tú amas", "nosotros amamos", "vosotros amáis", "ellas aman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudo", "tú ayudas", "Ud. ayuda", "nosotros ayudamos", "vosotros ayudáis", "Uds. ayudan", "besar to kiss", "yo beso", "nosotros besamos", "tú besas", "vosotros besáis", "él besa", "ellos besan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar to look for", "yo busco", "nosotros buscamos", "tú buscas", "vosotros buscáis", "ellas buscan", "conocer to be acquainted with,", "to know (a person or place)", "yo conozco", "nosotros conocemos", "tú conoces", "vosotros conocéis", "Ud conce", "Uds. conocen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conocer means to know a person or place in terms of being acquainted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo conozco a esta mujer.", "El conoce Paris", "I know (am acquainted with) this woman", "He knows Paris."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare this with saber, which means to know a fact or to know how to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella sabe la verdad.", "Yo cé nadar", "She knows the truth.", "I know how to swim"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuidar to take care of", "yo cuido", "nosotros cuidamos", "tú cuidas", "vosotros cuidáis", "él cuida", "ellos cuidan", "dejar to leave (something", "or someone) behind", "yo dejo", "nosotros dejamos", "tú dejas", "vosotros dejáis", "ella deja ellas dejan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar means to leave something or someone behind."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Dejo mis llaves en mi casa.", "1 leave my keys in my house"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that with salir, which means to exit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Salgo de mi oficina a las tres.", "I leave my office at three o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-07.jpg", "ocrLines": ["encontrar to find", "yo encuentro", "tú encuentras", "Ud. encuentra", "nosotros encontramos", "vosotros encontráis", "Uds. encuentran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Encontrar and hallar are synonyms and can be used interchangeably."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-08.jpg", "ocrLines": ["escuchar to listen to", "yo escucho", "nosotros escuchamos", "tú escuchas", "vosotros escucháis", "ella a", "ellas escuchan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9000000272478376, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0180-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esperar to wait for", "yo espero", "nosotros esperamos", "tú esperas", "vosotros esperáis", "él espera", "ellos esperan", "extrañar to miss (a person or a place)", "yo extraño", "nosotros extrañamos", "tú extrañas", "vosotros extrañáis", "ella extraña", "ellas extrañan", "gritar to yell at, to scream at", "yo grito", "nosotros gritamos", "tú gritas", "vosotros gritals", "él grita", "ellos gritan", "hallar to find", "yo hallo", "tú hallas", "nosotros hallamos", "vosotros halláis"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 180, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Hallar and encontrar are synonyms and can be used interchangeably."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["invitar to invite", "yo invito", "nosotros invitamos", "tú invitas", "vosotros invitáis", "él invita", "ellos invitan", "levar to carry, to carry off,", "to carry away; to wear", "yo llevo", "nosotros llevamos", "tú llevas", "vosotros lleváis", "Ud. Ileva", "Uds. llevan", "mirar to look at, to watch", "yo miro", "nosotros miramos", "tú miras", "vosotros miráis", "ella mira", "ellas miran", "lamar to call", "yo lamo", "tú llamas", "ella llama", "nosotros llamamos", "vosotros llamáis", "ellas llaman", "matar to kill", "yo mato", "tú matas", "él mata", "nosotros matamos", "vosotros matáis", "ellos matan", "querer + a + person", "to love a person", "yo quiero", "nosotros queremos", "tú quieres", "vosotros queréis", "Ud. quiere", "Uds. quieren"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 180, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Querer a una persona means to love a person. This verb is less strong than amar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere a su amiga.", "She loves her friend"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that with amar, which expresses a deeper love."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él ama a su esposa.", "He (deep/y) loves his wife"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["recoger to gather, to pick up", "yo recojo", "nosotros recogemos", "tú recoges", "vosotros recogéis", "ella recoge", "ellas recogen", "ver to see", "yo veo", "tú ves", "Ud. ve", "nosotros vemos", "vosotros veis", "Uds. ven", "saludar to greet", "yo saludo", "nosotros saludamos", "tú saludas", "vosotros saludáis", "él saluda", "ellos saludan", "visitar to visit", "yo visito", "tú visitas", "él visita", "nosotros visitamos", "vosotros visitáis", "ellos visitan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.1", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verb and the personal a.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Antes de salir de la casa, ella ___________________. (to kiss her husband)", "2. Carlos quiere ___________________ el día del amor y la amistad. (to call his friends)", "3. Yo siempre ___________________ a la tienda. (to accompany my grandmother)", "4. No puedo ___________________. No sé donde está. (to find my younger brother)", "5. El estudiante del primer año ___________________. (to miss his family)", "6. En clase, nosotros ___________________, y prestamos atención. (to look at the teacher)", "7. María y Sofía quieren ___________________ en el hospital. (to help the patients)", "8. Yo ___________________ well. (to know Peter)", "9. Los profesores ___________________ cada día en el colegio. (to see their students)", "10. Los padres ____________________. (to take care of their children)", "11. El taxista ___________________ al hotel. (to take the tourists)", "12. Ella no entiende la lección porque no ___________________. (to listen to the teacher)", "13. Jorge no puede ___________________ y está preocupado. (to find his sister)", "14. No sé porque él ___________________. (to yell at his boss)", "15. Roberto va a ___________________ a la fiesta. (to invite Ramona)", "16. Veinte minutos pasan y Teresa no quiere ___________________ más. (to wait for her friend)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros .", "visitamos a Susana", "cada año en España", "(to visit Susan)", "Ella", "ama a su madre", ". (to love her mother)", "4. ¿Qué piensa hacer ella durante el viaje? ¿Qué hacen los otros", "pasajeros?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "besa a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "llamar a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "acompaño a mi abuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hallar a mi hermano menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "extraña a su familia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "miramos a la maestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "ayudar a los pacientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "conozco a Pedro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "ven a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuidan a sus hijos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "lleva a los turistas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "escucha al maestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "encontrar a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "grita a su jefe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "invitar a Ramona", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "esperar a su amiga", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.1 1. besa a su esposo 2. llamar a sus amigos 3. acompaño a mi abuela 4. hallar a mi hermano menor 5. extraña a su familia 6. miramos a la maestra 7. ayudar a los pacientes 8. conozco a Pedro 9. ven a sus estudiantes 10. cuidan a sus hijos 11. lleva a los turistas 12. escucha al maestro 13. encontrar a su hermana 14. grita a su jefe 15. invitar a Ramona 16. esperar a su amiga", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "besa a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "llamar a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "acompaño a mi abuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hallar a mi hermano menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "extraña a su familia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "miramos a la maestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "ayudar a los pacientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "conozco a Pedro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "ven a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuidan a sus hijos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "lleva a los turistas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "escucha al maestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "encontrar a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "grita a su jefe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "invitar a Ramona", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "esperar a su amiga", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. besa a su esposo 2. llamar a sus amigos 3. acompaño a mi abuela 4. hallar a mi hermano menor 5. extraña a su familia 6. miramos a la maestra 7. ayudar a los pacientes 8. conozco a Pedro 9. ven a sus estudiantes 10. cuidan a sus hijos 11. lleva a los turistas 12. escucha al maestro 13. encontrar a su hermana 14. grita a su jefe 15. invitar a Ramona 16. esperar a su amiga"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronouns me, te, nos, and os have the same form as the indirect object pronouns me, te, nos, and os. The only new forms are lo, los, la, and las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "te", "me", "you", "him, it (m., object)", "her, it (f., object)", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "US", "you (used only in Spain)", "them (m., persons and objects,", "them (f., persons and objects)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 182, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Make sure you know what the direct objects and direct object pronouns are in all cases. Review the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the man."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this sentence, the man is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the tree."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this sentence, the tree is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the man. I see him. I see the tree. I see it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review what you know about direct object pronouns."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun can refer to a person or a thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• It receives the action of the verb directly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• It answers the question about what or who received the action."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Position of the Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Direct Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the direct object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb in a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0183-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella me conoce bien.", "Los niños te van a escuchar.", "Ellas nos saludan los lunes.", "¿Os podemos recoger a la una?", "She knows me well.", "The children are going to listen", "to you.", "They greet us on Mondays.", "Can we pick you up at one o'clock!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 183, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Direct Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the direct object pronoun is attached to the infinitive. Whether the direct object pronoun is placed before the first verb or attached to the infinitive, the meaning of the sentence is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0183-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere visitarme en", "México.", "Queremos invitarte a la fiesta.", "Debo llamarlo ahora.", "¿Quién quiere ayudarla?", "¿Puedes esperarnos?", "Vamos a extrañarlos mucho.", "She wants to visit me in Mexico", "We want to invite you to the", "party.", "I ought to call him now.", "Who wants to help her?", "Can you wait for us?", "We are going to miss them a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 183, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun needs no clarifiers, since it is clear that lo can only mean him, la can only mean her, los can only mean them (masculine, or masculine and feminine), and las can only mean them (feminine)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo", "him", "her", "los", "las", "them (m.)", "them (f.)", "María lo ama.", "Jorge la besa.", "Los conozco de mi viaje", "a México.", "Yo las debo acompañar al tren.", "Mary loves him.", "George kisses her:", "I know them from my trip to", "Mexico.", "I ought to accompany them to", "the train"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to express the direct object pronoun you in the Ud. and Uds. form, the indirect object pronoun le and les is used in most countries."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo le conozco, ¿verdad?", "¿Puedo ayudarle?", "Les acompañamos al parque.", "I know you, right?", "May I help you?", "We accompany you to the park"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no before the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No lo veo.", "Ella no me conoce.", "Ellos no nos quieren abrazar.", "I don't see him.", "She doesn't know me.", "They don't want to hug us"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the direct object pronoun is attached to the infinitive, place no before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No quiero escucharlo.", "Él no quiere esperarme.", "No queremos buscarla.", "I don't want to listen to him.", "He doesn't want to wait for me", "We don't want to look for her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.2", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb and the direct object pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo ___________________ hasta las seis todas las noches. (to wait for me)", "2. Él ___________________, pero no recuerda de donde. (to know you [familiar])", "3. Nuestros amigos ___________________ con la tarea. (to be going to help us)", "4. Cecilia y Susana van a viajar mañana. Vamos a ___________________. (to miss them)", "5. Enrique es un buen estudiante, pero no está en clase hoy. Yo ___________________, pero no ___________________. (to look for him/to find him)", "6. Francisca quiere a su amigo Pablo. Ella ___________________ mucho. (to love him)", "7. ¿Quién quiere ___________________? (to visit her)", "8. ¿Dónde están las muchachas? ___________________ Uds.? (to see them)", "9. ¿Saludan Uds. a sus amigos todos los días? Nosotros no ___________________ nunca. (to greet them)", "10. Su amigo es simpático. No sé por qué Ud. ___________________. (to be going to leave him)", "11. Cuando sus padres están ocupados y no pueden cuidar a sus hijos, una niñera ___________________. (to take care of them)", "12. ___________________, ella va a preparar la cena. (after calling him)", "13. ¿Conocen Uds. a mi amiga Ramona? Sí, nosotros ___________________ bien. (to know her)", "14. Ella mira a la profesora y ___________________. (to listen to her)", "15. ___________________ a la fiesta, él tiene que encontrar su número de teléfono. (before inviting her)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me espera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te conoce", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "extrañarlas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lo busco, lo encuentro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "lo ama", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "visitarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Las ven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "los saludamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "los cuida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Después de llamarlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la conocemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "la escucha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Antes de invitarla", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.2 1. me espera 2. te conoce 3. van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar 4. extrañarlas 5. lo busco, lo encuentro 6. lo ama 7. visitarla 8. Las ven 9. los saludamos 10. lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo 11. los cuida 12. Después de llamarlo 13. la conocemos 14. la escucha 15. Antes de invitarla", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me espera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te conoce", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "extrañarlas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lo busco, lo encuentro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "lo ama", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "visitarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Las ven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "los saludamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "los cuida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Después de llamarlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la conocemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "la escucha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Antes de invitarla", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me espera 2. te conoce 3. van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar 4. extrañarlas 5. lo busco, lo encuentro 6. lo ama 7. visitarla 8. Las ven 9. los saludamos 10. lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo 11. los cuida 12. Después de llamarlo 13. la conocemos 14. la escucha 15. Antes de invitarla"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.3", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Si un hombre acompaña a una mujer hermosa a la reunión, ¿la va a besar?", "2. Nos parece que el muchacho está enfermo y no puede hacer su tarea. Decidimos ayudarlo.", "3. Sara siempre llega tarde y no la queremos esperar más.", "4. ¿Extraña Ud. a su familia que vive lejos? ¿La quiere visitar?", "5. Los ingleses van a llegar a los Estados Unidos esta tarde. Vamos a llevarlos del aeropuerto a un buen hotel."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.3 1. If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her? 2. It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him. 3. Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer. 4. Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them? 5. The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her? 2. It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him. 3. Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer. 4. Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them? 5. The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.4", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I see José, but he doesn’t see me.", "2. We don’t know where the tourists are who are visiting us from Spain.", "3. They are going to visit their friends in Canada after selling their boat."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Veo a José pero no me ve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.4 1. Veo a José pero no me ve. 2. No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España. 3. Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Veo a José pero no me ve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Veo a José pero no me ve. 2. No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España. 3. Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Thing"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0186-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["it (m.)", "los", "it (f.)", "las", "Guillermo compra el carro.", "Él lo compra.", "them (m.)", "them (f.)", "Bill buys the car", "He buys it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 186, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Let’s review what we know about direct object pronouns."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb or attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0186-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Guillermo vende su carro.", "éllo vende", "Bill sells his car", "He sells it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 186, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0187-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo tengo la llave.", "La tengo.", "Comemos los vegetales.", "Los comemos.", "Ella lee las revistas.", "Ella las lee.", "Veo las flores en el jardín.", "¿Puedes verlas también?", "Él espera el tren a las nueve.", "Tiene que esperarlo.", "Ella no entiende la lección.", "Necesita estudiar para", "entenderla.", "Tengo dos buenos libros en casa.", "Voy a leerlos mañana.", "I have the key.", "I have it.", "We eat the vegetables.", "We eat them.", "She reads the magazines.", "She reads them.", "I see the flowers in the garden.", "Can you see them also?", "He waits for the train at nine.", "He has to wait for it.", "She doesn't understand the lesson.", "She needs to study in order to", "understand it.", "I have two good books at home.", "I am going to read them tomorrow"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 187, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.5", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb and the direct object pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Tiene Ud. el libro rojo? Sí, yo ___________________, pero yo no ___________________. (to have it/to want to read it)", "2. Su casa está sucia, pero Pedro no ___________________. (to want to clean it)", "3. ¿Dónde están nuestros mapas de México? Nosotros siempre ___________________ en el coche, pero hoy no ___________________. (to have them/to see them)", "4. No sé por qué él tiene tres carros; él ___________________ pero él no ___________________ tampoco. (is not able to use them/ to want to sell them)", "5. Necesitamos cuarenta tenedores, quince cuchillos y ochenta cucharas para la fiesta. ¿Quién tiene tiempo para ___________________? (to buy them)", "6. En el verano, ella busca buenos libros; ella ___________________ en la biblioteca. (to find them)", "7. Antes de estudiar la lección, ella está nerviosa. Después de ___________________, tiene más confianza. (to study it)", "8. Las revistas que recibimos están en la casa pero no podemos ___________________. (to find them)", "9. Los niños escuchan a sus padres porque sus padres ___________________. (to love them)", "10. Este hombre tiene mucho dinero debajo de su cama, pero ¿es mejor ___________________ en el banco? (to have it)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "lo tengo, quiero leerlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los tenemos, los vemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "no los puede usar, los quiere vender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "comprarlos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los encuentra / los halla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estudiarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "encontrarlas/hallarlas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "los aman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tenerlo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.5 1. lo tengo, quiero leerlo 2. la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla 3. los tenemos, los vemos 4. no los puede usar, los quiere vender 5. comprarlos 6. los encuentra / los halla 7. estudiarla 8. encontrarlas/hallarlas 9. los aman 10. tenerlo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "lo tengo, quiero leerlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los tenemos, los vemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "no los puede usar, los quiere vender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "comprarlos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los encuentra / los halla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estudiarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "encontrarlas/hallarlas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "los aman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tenerlo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. lo tengo, quiero leerlo 2. la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla 3. los tenemos, los vemos 4. no los puede usar, los quiere vender 5. comprarlos 6. los encuentra / los halla 7. estudiarla 8. encontrarlas/hallarlas 9. los aman 10. tenerlo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject Pronoun", "yo", "tú", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Indirect Object Pronoun", "me", "te", "le (a él)", "le (a ella)", "le (a Ud.)", "nos", "OS", "les (a ellos)", "les (a ellas)", "les (a Uds.)", "Direct Object Pronour", "me", "te", "lo", "la", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "-"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8843749761581421, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 188, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice again that there is no direct object pronoun for you. In order to express the direct object you, use le for the singular and use les for the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero ayudarlo.", "Quiero ayudarla.", "Quiero ayudarle.", "Quiero ayudarlos.", "Quiero ayudarlas.", "Quiero ayudarles.", "I want to help him.", "I want to help her.", "I want to help you (sing.)", "I want to help them.", "I want to help them.", "I want to help you (pl.)."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 188, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.6", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans6", "instruction": "Test your knowledge. Complete the following sentences with the correct indirect or direct object pronoun. Place the pronoun before the first verb or attach it to the infinitive.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi amiga Sara? Sí, ___________________ conozco. (her)", "2. ¿Dónde está Mario? ¿___________________ ves? (him)", "3. Ella mira a la profesora y ___________________ escucha bien. (her)", "4. A ella ___________________ gustan las lecciones. (to her)", "5. ¿Por qué siempre ___________________ dices mentiras si yo ___________________ digo la verdad? (to me/to you)", "6. ¿Pedro ___________________ va a dar regalos a sus hijos este año? (to them)", "7. ___________________ voy a ayudar a cocinar. (them)", "8. ¿Cuánto tiempo ___________________ queda? (us)", "9. ¿ ___________________ escribes a tus padres? (to them)", "10. Ellos quieren enviar ___________________ una carta desde Madrid. (to them)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ haces preguntas si ya sabes la respuesta? (me)", "12. Los niños quieren dar___________________ a sus padres un beso. (to them)", "13. En vez de invitar___________________ al concierto, él decide ir solo. (her)", "14. Antes de ver___________________, ella va al cine. (them)", "15. ¿Lees el periódico en la mañana o ___________________ lees en la tarde? (it)", "16. La comida esta fría y no ___________________ queremos comer. (it)", "17. Las lecciones son difíciles, y ella estudia mucho. Después de una hora, ella ___________________ entiende. (them)", "18. La maestra repite las preguntas para los estudiantes. Ella ___________________ repite para practicar la pronunciación también. (them)", "19. ¿Dónde están mis llaves? Siempre ___________________ pierdo. No ___________________ veo. (them/them)", "20. ___________________ dan flores pero no ___________________ gustan. (to me/to me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me, te", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "las, las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Me, me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.6 1. la 2. Lo 3. la 4. le 5. me, te 6. les 7. Los 8. nos 9. Les 10. les 11. me 12. les 13. la 14. los 15. lo 16. la 17. las 18. las 19. las, las 20. Me, me", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me, te", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "las, las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Me, me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la 2. Lo 3. la 4. le 5. me, te 6. les 7. Los 8. nos 9. Les 10. les 11. me 12. les 13. la 14. los 15. lo 16. la 17. las 18. las 19. las, las 20. Me, me"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.7", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans7", "instruction": "Review gustar and indirect object pronouns, and then answer the questions orally.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A los hombres les gusta hablar mucho?", "2. ¿A los soldados les gusta luchar o prefieren vivir en paz?", "3. ¿A los niños qué les gusta hacer?", "4. ¿A quién le gusta trabajar mucho? ¿A quién le gusta ir de vacaciones?", "5. ¿Por qué a algunas personas no les gusta nada?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "11.7 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.8", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I see my friends every Saturday. It is pleasing to us to go to the movies.", "2. She looks at the teacher, she listens well, but still she understands nothing.", "3. Lisa waits for her sister, who always arrives late.", "4. We travel to Ecuador in order to be with our relatives.", "5. The lesson is difficult and he wants to study it for the test.", "6. Can you go to the post office for me? I have a letter for my friend and I want to send it today.", "7. Do you want to accompany him to the party? He is shy and doesn’t want to go alone.", "8. Where do you know her from? Do you see her all the time?", "9. She has new shoes but she never wears them.", "10. I hardly ever see you."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Casi nunca te veo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.8 1. Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine. 2. Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada. 3. Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde. 4. Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes. 5. La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen. 6. ¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy. 7. ¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo. 8. ¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo? 9. Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca. 10. Casi nunca te veo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Casi nunca te veo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine. 2. Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada. 3. Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde. 4. Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes. 5. La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen. 6. ¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy. 7. ¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo. 8. ¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo? 9. Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca. 10. Casi nunca te veo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La bienvenida"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Es increíble! Aquí estoy en Italia. Hay muchos italianos en el aeropuerto que esperan a los pasajeros. Yo los miro: un hombre besa a una mujer; tres niños corren hacia una mujer y emocionados la besan, y ella, con lágrimas en los ojos, los besa y los abraza. Una mujer le dice a su novio que lo extraña cuando está lejos de ella; él le dice que la ama. Los niños, tan contentos de ver a sus padres de nuevo, saltan de alegría. Los viajeros como yo, sin familia (nadie nos espera porque no conocemos a nadie), recogemos nuestras maletas y seguimos a la aduana. No me molesta esperar un rato. Dentro de poco, sellan mi pasaporte y me dan una bienvenida cariñosa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Salgo del aeropuerto al sol. Camino hacia los taxistas. Hace fresco y estoy bien. Tomo el primer taxi en la fila, le pregunto al conductor cuanto cobra por el viaje y me parece justo. Me lleva a la plaza central donde hay muchos hoteles interesantes. Pago la tarifa, le doy una propina, y con una sonrisa, me bajo del taxi."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Entro en el hotel que me interesa y le pregunto al dueño cuanto cobra por una noche para una persona. Le digo que quiero una habitación sencilla y tranquila con un baño privado. El dueño, muy simpático, me dice que tiene una habitación hermosa que da a la plaza. Después de verla, la tomo. Él mira mi pasaporte. Escribo mi nombre en el registro, y él me da las llaves. Estoy cansada pero estoy emocionada también. Ya es tarde. Decido comer un pasaboca e ir al cuarto para dormir. Yo sé que voy a tener sueños dulces."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar", "bajarse de", "dar a (la plaza)", "to embrace", "to get off", "to faceloverlook (the plaza)", "recoger", "saltar", "sellar", "to pick up", "to jump", "to stamp"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la aduana", "la bienvenida", "el conductor", "el dueño", "la fila", "la lágrima", "la maleta", "customs", "the welcome", "the driver", "the ouner", "the line", "the tear", "the suitcase", "el pasaboca", "la propina", "un rato", "el registro", "la sonrisa", "la tarifa", "el viajero", "the snack", "the tip", "a little while", "the register", "the smile", "the fare", "the traveler"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunción"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["e"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8958333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, y meaning and is replaced by e before words beginning with i or hi."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cariñoso", "emocionado", "affectionate", "ercited."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8958333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo está Isabel al llegar a Italia? Si Ud. piensa que está alegre, ¿por qué? Igualmente, si piensa que está triste, ¿por qué?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Espera ella mucho tiempo en el aeropuerto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiempo hace?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Escoge un hotel con cuidado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Quiere Isabel salir la primera noche? ¿Qué hace?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch12", "number": 12, "title": "Reflexive Verbs", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object refer to the same person. The purpose of the reflexive verb is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject. This can be seen in the following sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["I wash myself.", "Subject", "Verb", "wash", "Object", "myself"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive pronouns are object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "te", "se", "myself", "yourself", "himself, herself, yourself", "nos", "os", "se", "ourselves", "yourselves", "themselves, yourselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish reflexive verbs, -se is added to the basic infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a reflexive verb, drop the -se and place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. The reflexive verb always has a reflexive pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lavarse to wash oneself", "yo me lavo I wash myself", "nosotros", "we wash ourselves", "nos lavamos", "tú te lavas", "you wash yourself", "vosotros os laváis you wash yourselves", "él se lava", "he washes himself", "ellos se lavan", "they wash themselves", "ella se lava", "she washes herself", "ellas se lavan", "they wash themselves", "Ud. se lava you wash yourself", "Uds. se lavan", "you wash yourselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the reflexive verb with the nonreflexive verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0194-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Reflexive", "Nonreflexive", "Él se lava.", "He washes himself", "He washes the car"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 194, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Some Frequently Used Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0194-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bañarse to bathe oneself", "yo me baño", "nosotros nos bañamos", "tú te bañas", "vosotros os bañáis", "él se baña", "ellos se bañan", "dedicarse to dedicate oneself", "yo me dedico", "nosotros nos dedicamos", "tú te dedicas", "vosotros os dedicáis", "ella se dedica", "ellas se dedican", "defenderse to defend oneself", "yo me defiendo", "nosotros nos defendemos", "tú te defiendes", "vosotros os defendéis", "Ud. se defiende", "Uds. se defienden", "divertirse to amuse oneself, to have a good time", "yo me divierto", "nosotros nos divertimos", "tú te diviertes", "vosotros os divertís", "él se divierte", "ellos se divierten", "expresarse to express oneself", "yo me expreso", "tú te expresas", "ella se expresa", "nosotros nos expresamos", "vosotros os expresáis", "ellas se expresan", "lamarse to call oneself", "yo me llamo", "tú te llamas", "Ud. se llama", "nosotros nos llamamos", "vosotros os llamáis", "Uds. se llaman", "preguntarse to ask oneselt, to wonder", "yo me pregunto", "nosotros nos preguntamos", "tú te preguntas", "vosotros os preguntais", "él se pregunta", "ellos se preguntan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9591836734693877, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 194, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is not necessary to use both the subject pronoun and the reflexive pronoun with reflexive verbs, except in the third person for clarity. From now on, the subject pronouns yo, tú, nosotros, and vosotros will be omitted. Practice reflexive verbs aloud with their reflexive pronouns."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acostarse to go to bed", "me acuesto", "nos acostamos", "te acuestas", "os acostáis", "él se acuesta", "ellos se acuestan", "ducharse to shower,", "to take a shower", "me ducho", "te duchas", "él se ducha", "nos duchamos", "os ducháis", "ellos se duchan", "despertarse to wake up,", "to wake oneself", "me despierto", "nos despertamos", "te despiertas", "os despertáis", "Ud. se despierta Uds. se despiertan", "dormirse to fall asleep", "me duermo", "te duermes", "ella se duerme", "nos dormimos", "os dormís", "ellas se duermen", "enfermarse to get sick", "levantarse to get up, to raise oneself", "me enfermo", "nos enfermamos", "me levanto", "nos levantamos", "te enfermas", "os enfermáis", "te levantas", "os levantáis", "Ud. se enferma Uds. se enferman él se levanta", "ellos se levantan", "sentarse to sit down, to seat oneself", "me siento", "nos sentamos", "te sientas", "os sentais", "ella se sienta.", "ellas se sientan", "vestirse to get dressed", "me visto", "te vistes", "Ud se viste", "nos vestimos", "os vestís", "Uds. se visten"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 195, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the reflexive pronoun is placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0195-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nos despertamos a las ocho.", "Nos levantamos a las ocho y media.", "We wake up at eight o'clock", "We get up at eight thirty."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8416666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 195, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0196-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos se divierten los fines de", "They have a good time on", "semana.", "weekends.", "¿A qué hora te acuestas?", "At what time do you go to bed?", "In the second position, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the infinitive.", "Ella va a dedicarse a la ley.", "She is going to dedicate herself", "to the law.", "Voy a bañarme antes de", "acostarme.", "Queremos expresarnos bien", "en español.", "I am going to bathe myself before", "going to bed.", "We want to express ourselves well", "in Spanish."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 196, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.1", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["acostarse, bañarse, dedicarse, despertarse, divertirse, dormirse, ducharse, expresarse, levantarse, llamarse, sentarse"], "prompts": ["1. Soy enfermera; tengo que ___________________ a las seis de la mañana.", "2. Después de despertarme, ___________________ y voy a la cocina a preparar mi desayuno.", "3. Antes de vestirme, ___________________ o ___________________. Me gusta cantar en el baño.", "4. A las siete, ___________________ en la mesa para comer.", "5. Tengo dos buenos amigos; ___________________ Carlos y Julia.", "6. Ellos son abogados y ___________________ a defender a la gente.", "7. Trabajamos mucho durante la semana y ___________________ los fines de semana.", "8. Practicamos la gramática de español por horas y horas en conversación y siempre tratamos de ___________________ bien.", "9. Durante la semana, les hablo por teléfono. A mí me gusta leer hasta tarde, pero a ellos les gusta ___________________ a las once.", "10. Me gusta acostarme a las doce. ___________________ rápidamente."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "despertarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "me levanto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me baño, me ducho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me siento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se llaman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "expresarnos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "acostarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Me duermo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.1 1. despertarme 2. me levanto 3. me baño, me ducho 4. me siento 5. se llaman 6. se dedican 7. nos divertimos 8. expresarnos 9. acostarse 10. Me duermo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "despertarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "me levanto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me baño, me ducho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me siento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se llaman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "expresarnos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "acostarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Me duermo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. despertarme 2. me levanto 3. me baño, me ducho 4. me siento 5. se llaman 6. se dedican 7. nos divertimos 8. expresarnos 9. acostarse 10. Me duermo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the possessive adjective is not used with reflexive verbs when you are talking about parts of the body or clothing. The definite article is typically used instead."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["afeitarse to shave", "me afeito", "te afeitas", "él se afeita", "nos afeitamos", "os afeitáis", "ellos se afeitan", "maquillarse (la cara) to put makeup", "on, to make up (one's face)", "me maquillo", "nos maquillamos", "te maquillas", "os maquilláis", "Ud. se maquilla", "Uds. se maquillan", "pintarse (las uñas) to put makeup on,", "to put (nail) polish on", "me pinto", "nos sentamos", "te pintas", "os sentáis", "ella se sienta", "ellas se sientan", "quitarse to take off (clothing)", "me quito", "nos quitamos", "te quitas", "os quitáis", "él se quita", "ellos se quitan", "cepillarse (los dientes, el pelo)", "to brush (one's teeth, one's hair)", "me cepillo", "nos cepillamos", "te cepillas", "os cepilláis", "ella se cepilla ellas se cepillan", "peinarse (el pelo)", "to comb (one's hair)", "me peino", "nos peinamos", "te peinas", "os peináis", "él se peina", "ellos se peinan", "ponerse to put on (clothing)", "me pongo", "nos ponemos", "te pones", "os ponéis", "Ud. se pone", "Uds. se ponen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 197, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express Emotion"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0197-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse (de)", "animarse", "asustarse", "calmarse", "enfadarse (con)", "enojarse (con)", "preocuparse (de)", "tranquilizarse", "to become happy, to be glad", "to cheer up", "to get frightened/scared", "to calm down", "to get angry", "to get angry", "to worry", "to calm down"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 197, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express Movement"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0198-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["quedarse", "mudarse", "pararse", "to remain", "to move (from one place to another)", "to stand up"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 198, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Irregular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caerse to fall down", "me caigo", "te caes", "él se cae", "nos caemos", "os caéis", "ellos se caen", "moverse to move", "me muevo", "te mueves", "Ud. se mueve", "nos movemos", "os movéis", "Uds. se mueven", "irse to go away, to leave quickly", "me voy", "nos vamos", "te vas", "os vais", "ella se va", "ellas se van"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 198, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.2", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["afeitarse, alegrarse, caerse, cepillarse, enojarse, mudarse, peinarse, pintarse, ponerse, preocuparse, quedarse, quitarse, tranquilizarse"], "prompts": ["1. El niño alegre está en el árbol. No tiene miedo de ___________________.", "2. El esposo ___________________ la barba mientras su esposa ___________________ las uñas.", "3. No entiendo por qué ___________________ tú si alguien te critica.", "4. Al entrar en el apartamento lujoso, nosotros ___________________ los zapatos.", "5. Hace frío y ellos ___________________ un suéter y una chaqueta.", "6. Es un buen hotel, pero no quiero ___________________ en esta ciudad.", "7. El estudiante ___________________ mucho porque tiene un examen mañana.", "8. Voy a ___________________ a San Francisco; me dicen que es un sitio hermoso.", "9. Ella está nerviosa; para ___________________ ella toma leche caliente.", "10. Nosotros ___________________ mucho de escuchar las buenas noticias.", "11. Antes de dormirme, siempre ___________________ los dientes.", "12. Después de despertarse, ellos ___________________ el cabello."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "caerse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se afeita, se pinta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "te enojas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nos quitamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "quedarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se preocupa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "mudarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tranquilizarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nos alegramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "me cepillo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se peinan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.2 1. caerse 2. se afeita, se pinta 3. te enojas 4. nos quitamos 5. se ponen 6. quedarme 7. se preocupa 8. mudarme 9. tranquilizarse 10. nos alegramos 11. me cepillo 12. se peinan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "caerse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se afeita, se pinta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "te enojas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nos quitamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "quedarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se preocupa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "mudarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tranquilizarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nos alegramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "me cepillo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se peinan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. caerse 2. se afeita, se pinta 3. te enojas 4. nos quitamos 5. se ponen 6. quedarme 7. se preocupa 8. mudarme 9. tranquilizarse 10. nos alegramos 11. me cepillo 12. se peinan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express “To Become”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ponerse + adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ponerse is the most common expression for to become; it is used for physical or emotional changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me pongo brava al escuchar las", "noticias.", "Ella se pone roja porque es tímida.", "I become angry upon hearing", "the news.", "She gets red (blushes) because", "she is shy."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8770491803278688, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Volverse + adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Volverse is used to express a sudden, involuntary change."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hasta los psicólogos se vuelven locos. Even the psychologists go crazy."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacerse, llegar a ser"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Both hacerse and llegar a ser are used with nouns expressing profession; they imply effort on the part of the subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella se hace doctora.", "Él llega a ser doctor también.", "She is becoming a doctor.", "He is becoming a doctor also"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8770491803278688, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Most Frequently Used Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["arreglarse", "aprovecharse (de)", "atreverse (a)", "burlarse (de)", "callarse", "demorarse", "desayunarse", "enamorarse (de)", "equivocarse", "to get ready to go out, to fix oneself up", "to take advantage of", "to dare to", "to make fun of", "to become quiet", "to delay", "to have breakfast", "to fall in love with", "to make a mistake"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fiarse (en)", "fijarse (en)", "lastimarse", "llevarse (bien) (con)", "mejorarse", "meterse (en)", "portarse (bien/mal)", "quejarse (de)", "quedarse", "reunirse (con)", "to trust, to have trust in", "to notice", "to hurt oneself", "to get along (well with", "to get better", "to get involved in, to meddle", "to behave oneself (well/badly)", "to complain about", "to burn oneself, to get burned", "to meet with"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Irregular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acordarse (de) to remember", "me acuerdo", "nos acordamos", "te acuerdas", "os acordáis", "él se acuerda ellos se acuerdan", "encontrarse (con) to meet", "me encuentro", "nos encontramos", "te encuentras", "os encontráis", "Ud. se encuentra", "Uds. se encuentran", "darse cuenta (de) to realize", "me doy cuenta", "nos damos cuenta", "te das cuenta", "os dais cuenta", "ella se da cuenta", "• ellas se dan cuenta"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Prepositions That Follow Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The prepositions that follow certain reflexive verbs in Spanish cannot be omitted even if the English translation does not include them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me fijo mucho en los detalles.", "Él se acuerda de ella", "I notice the details a lot", "He remembers her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["morirse to die", "me muero", "te mueres", "él se muere", "reírse to laugh", "me río", "te ríes", "él se ríe", "nos morimos", "os morís", "ellos se mueren", "nos reímos", "os reis", "ellos se ríen", "parecerse (a) to resemble,", "to look like", "me parezco", "nos parecemos", "te pareces", "os parecéis", "Ud. se parece", "Uds. se parecen", "sentirse (bien/mal) to feel (well/ilI)", "(or any emotion or health condition)", "me siento", "nos sentimos", "te sientes", "os sentís", "ella se siente", "ellas se sienten"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.3", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate reflexive verb. Use each verb only one time. Be sure to include prepositions when you need them.", "extra": ["acordarse, aprovecharse, atreverse, burlarse, callarse, demorarse, desayunarse, enamorarse, encontrarse, equivocarse, fiarse, fijarse, meterse, parecerse, ponerse, portarse, quejarse, reírse"], "prompts": ["1. A la familia le gusta comer juntos en la mañana. Siempre ___________________ con cereal y jugo antes de salir de la casa.", "2. A los adolescentes les gusta ir a la escuela secundaria porque ___________________ sus amigos todos los días.", "3. Muchas personas ___________________ nerviosas antes de tener un examen.", "4. La niña feliz piensa que todo es gracioso; ella ___________________ todo el tiempo.", "5. Él ___________________ mucho porque habla sin saber nada.", "6. Yo no ___________________ nunca del número de teléfono de mi tío.", "7. ¿___________________ Ud. de una buena situación?", "8. Ella ___________________ sus vecinos porque hacen mucho ruido.", "9. La obra de teatro es interesante; el tiempo pasa rápidamente y la audiencia no ___________________ la hora.", "10. Nadie debe ___________________ nadie.", "11. La hija tiene la misma nariz que su mamá. ___________________ mucho.", "12. No me gusta ___________________ los problemas de otros.", "13. Ella llega tarde porque ___________________ los trenes durante la hora pico.", "14. El hombre soltero ___________________ locamente de la mujer hermosa.", "15. Nosotros ___________________ para escuchar hablar al experto que habla en voz baja.", "16. Carla tiene miedo del agua y no ___________________ viajar en barco.", "17. ¿Piensan Uds. que los adolescentes ___________________ bien o mal?", "18. Él no tiene amigos porque no ___________________ nadie."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se desayunan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se encuentran con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se equivoca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "me acuerdo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Se aprovecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se queja de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se fija en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "burlarse de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Se parecen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "meterme en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se enamora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos callamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se atreve a", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se portan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se fía en", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.3 1. se desayunan 2. se encuentran con 3. se ponen 4. se ríe 5. se equivoca 6. me acuerdo 7. Se aprovecha 8. se queja de 9. se fija en 10. burlarse de 11. Se parecen 12. meterme en 13. se demoran 14. se enamora 15. nos callamos 16. se atreve a 17. se portan 18. se fía en", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se desayunan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se encuentran con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se equivoca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "me acuerdo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Se aprovecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se queja de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se fija en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "burlarse de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Se parecen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "meterme en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se enamora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos callamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se atreve a", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se portan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se fía en", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se desayunan 2. se encuentran con 3. se ponen 4. se ríe 5. se equivoca 6. me acuerdo 7. Se aprovecha 8. se queja de 9. se fija en 10. burlarse de 11. Se parecen 12. meterme en 13. se demoran 14. se enamora 15. nos callamos 16. se atreve a 17. se portan 18. se fía en"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject", "Pronoun", "yo", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Indirect Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "le", "nos", "OS", "les", "les", "les", "Direct Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "lo", "la", "le", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "les", "Reflexive", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "se", "se", "se", "nos", "OS", "se", "se", "se"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs with Reciprocal Meanings"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The plural forms of reflexive verbs are sometimes used to express the idea of each other. If the meaning is unclear, Spanish uses el uno al otro, la una a la otra, los unos a los otros, and las unas a las otras for clarification."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudarse", "conocerse", "entenderse", "escribirse", "hablarse", "quererse", "verse", "to help each other", "to know each other", "to understand each other", "to write to each other", "to speak to each other", "to love each other", "to see each other"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Elena y Paula se ayudan mucho.", "Mis amigos se ayudan el uno", "al otro.", "Nos conocemos bien.", "¿Se conocen Uds.?", "Las dos hermanas se entienden", "bien.", "Roberto y Sonia se quieren.", "Ellos se ven todos los días.", "Helen and Paula help each other", "a lot.", "My friends help each other.", "We know each other well.", "Do you know each other:", "The two sisters understand each", "other well.", "Robert and Sonia love each other", "They see each other every day."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Se and Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In impersonal expressions with se, the verb has no personal subject. In English these sentences are translated by subjects such as one, you, they, people (in general), or by the passive voice."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular or plural of the verb is used in these expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0203-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "How do you say \"hello\" in Spanish?", "Spanish Construction", "¿Cómo se dice \"hello\" en español?", "Se vive bien en este país.", "One lives well in this country.", "Se cree que los italianos son", "It is believed (one believes / people", "románticos.", "believe) that Italians are romantic", "Se sabe que él es un buen", "It is known that he is a good worker.", "trabajador:", "Aquí se habla español.", "No se permite nadar aquí.", "¿ Dónde se puede estacionar", "｛", "One speaks Spanish here.", "Spanish is spoken here.", "It is not permitted to swim here.", "Where can one park in New York!", "en Nueva York?", "Se prohíbe fumar.", "It is prohibited to smoke."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 203, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.4", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans4", "instruction": "Complete the story by filling in the blanks with the verbs in parentheses.", "extra": ["Ricardo ___________________ (1. wakes up) a las seis todos los días. Él ___________________ (2. takes a shower) antes de ___________________ (3. to get dressed). Le gusta ___________________ (4. to have breakfast) en casa antes de salir para su trabajo. Ricardo ___________________ (5. meets with) sus colegas a las siete y media de la mañana. Todos son bomberos y ___________________ (6. dedicate themselves) a apagar incendios. ___________________ (7. They help each other).", "___________________ (8. One says) que los bomberos son héroes;", "___________________ (9. they dare to) a entrar en edificios peligrosos", "sin ___________________ (10. to worry). Ellos ayudan a la gente a", "___________________ (11. calm down) y ___________________ (12. to feel)", "mejor. De vez en cuando, ___________________ (13. they delay) en apagar el incendio y el edificio ___________________ (14. gets burned). Ricardo", "___________________ (15. stays) en la estación de bomberos por tres días.", "Al regresar a casa, él come algo, ___________________ (16. takes a bath),", "___________________ (17. goes to bed) temprano y ___________________", "(18. falls asleep) rápidamente."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se despierta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se ducha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vestirse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "desayunarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se encuentra con / se reúne con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Se ayudan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Se dice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se atreven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "preocuparse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tranquilizarse/calmarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sentirse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se quema", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "se queda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se baña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se acuesta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se duerme", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.4 1. se despierta 2. se ducha 3. vestirse 4. desayunarse 5. se encuentra con / se reúne con 6. se dedican 7. Se ayudan 8. Se dice 9. se atreven 10. preocuparse 11. tranquilizarse/calmarse 12. sentirse 13. se demoran 14. se quema 15. se queda 16. se baña 17. se acuesta 18. se duerme", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se despierta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se ducha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vestirse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "desayunarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se encuentra con / se reúne con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Se ayudan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Se dice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se atreven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "preocuparse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tranquilizarse/calmarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sentirse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se quema", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "se queda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se baña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se acuesta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se duerme", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se despierta 2. se ducha 3. vestirse 4. desayunarse 5. se encuentra con / se reúne con 6. se dedican 7. Se ayudan 8. Se dice 9. se atreven 10. preocuparse 11. tranquilizarse/calmarse 12. sentirse 13. se demoran 14. se quema 15. se queda 16. se baña 17. se acuesta 18. se duerme"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El encuentro"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me despierto bien. Me gustan las cortinas delgadas porque dejan entrar la luz de la mañana. Más allá de mi ventana, veo las plantas exuberantes de verde radiante. Después de ducharme largamente, me pongo un vestido sencillo pero elegante y salgo del hotel con el libro de turismo en mi bolsa. Busco un restaurante acogedor para tomar el primer café del día. Entro en uno que tiene un ambiente agradable y miro todos los pasteles. No puedo escoger entre el de nata y la torta con crema y fruta; pues, pido dos pasteles y un café solo, y me los da. Me siento en una mesa hermosa para dos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El café está fuerte y delicioso. No hay razón para apresurarme y como los pasteles tranquilamente. El restaurante se llena; se ve que la gente es muy amable y habladora. Conversan con todo el cuerpo, sobre todo con las manos. ¿De qué hablan, tan animados, a esta hora tan temprano de la mañana?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No conozco a nadie. Pero me parece posible encontrarme a alguien, a una persona con quien pueda tener una conversación interesante. (Este restaurante es un buen sitio; no me muevo de aquí por un rato.) Alguien va a verme, aquí sentada, y en vez de pasar por mi mesa sin decir nada, me va a decir; “Señorita, está ocupada esta silla?” Yo le voy a contestar con una sonrisa, “No, Ud. puede sentarse.” Y él se sienta complacido. Dentro de poco somos amigos, y después de tomar otro café y otro pastel, él me invita a acompañarlo a un museo y tomar un vino con él. Charlamos y nos reímos y nos divertimos mucho durante nuestra cena de pescado y camarones. A lo lejos, en la distancia, lo veo venir."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "apresurarse", "charlar", "conversar", "dejar", "to rush", "to chat", "to converse", "to let", "Nombres", "los camarones", "la nata", "el pastel", "the shrimp", "the cream", "the pastry", "Adjetivos", "acogedor", "animado", "complacido", "delgado", "cozy", "energetic, excited", "satisfied", "thin, slim", "Expresiones", "a lo lejos", "más allá de mi ventana", "sobre todo", "escoger", "llenarse", "moverse", "pedir", "hablador(-a)", "ocupado", "radiante", "sentado", "far away", "outside my window", "ahore all", "to choose", "to fill up", "to move", "to ask for, to request", "talkative", "busy", "radiant", "seated"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9459459459459459, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 205, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo se despierta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. Después de vestirse, ¿adónde va?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Por qué escoge ella una mesa para dos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Mientras ella come los pasteles, ¿lee Isabel su libro?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Dónde tiene lugar la conversación que ella tiene con el hombre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Al final de este cuento, ¿está ella sola o acompañada?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch13", "number": 13, "title": "The Present Subjunctive", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive is a mood in the present tense, widely used in Spanish but rarely used in English. So far you have studied the present tense in the indicative mood, the most frequently used mood in the language. This chapter introduces the present subjunctive. It is important to learn it now so that you can express yourself confidently and freely in the present tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The subjunctive is often needed after the following elements."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjective clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Almost all verbs form the present subjunctive from the first-person singular yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o to get the stem for the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative are irregular in the present subjunctive in the same way."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• There are only six verbs that do not form the present subjunctive from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -ar verbs in the present subjunctive, you start with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "cantar", "bailar", "cerrar", "pensar", "recordar", "yo Form", "canto", "bailo", "cierro", "pienso", "recuerdo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo cante", "tú cantes", "él cante", "yo baile", "tú bailes", "ella baile", "yo cierre", "tú cierres", "Ud. cierre", "yo piense", "tú pienses", "ella piense", "yo recuerde", "tú recuerdes", "él recuerde", "nosotros cantemos", "vosotros cantéis", "ellos canten", "nosotros bailemos", "vosotros bailéis", "ellas bailen", "nosotros cerremos", "vosotros cerréis", "Uds. cierren", "nosotros pensemos", "vosotros penséis", "ellas piensen", "nosotros recordemos", "vosotros recordéis", "ellos recuerden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 207, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the first-person singular and the third-personal singular are identical in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The first two examples, cantar and bailar, are regular. The last three, cerrar, pensar, and recordar, are irregular in the present indicative. Note that their stem changes in the present indicative are also present in the present subjunctive, except in the nosotros and vosotros forms, which are unaffected by stem changes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The formation of the subjunctive comes from the conjugation of the first- person singular of the present indicative. Any irregularity that the verb has in the present indicative yo form also occurs in the present subjunctive. To learn the subjunctive well, practice the yo form of the verbs, because that will be the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -er and -ir verbs in the present subjunctive, you drop the -o from the first-person singular of the present indicative and add -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "comer", "querer", "poder", "ver", "yo Form", "como", "quiero", "puedo", "veo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo coma", "tú comas", "él coma", "yo quiera", "tú quieras", "ella quiera", "yo pueda", "tú puedas", "Ud. pueda", "yo vea", "tú veas", "el ven", "nosotros comamos", "vosotros comáis", "ellos coman", "nosotros queramos", "vosotros queráis", "ellas quieran", "nosotros podamos", "vosotros podáis", "Uds. puedan", "nosotros veamos", "vosotros veáis", "ellos ven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 208, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "vivir", "yo Form", "vivo", "mentir", "miento", "pedir", "pido", "dormir", "duermo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo viva", "tú vivas", "él viva", "yo mienta", "tú mientas", "ella mienta", "yo pida", "tú pidas", "Ud. pida", "yo duerma", "tú duermas", "nosotros vivamos", "vosotros viváis", "ellos vivan", "nosotros mintamos", "vosotros mintáis", "ellas mientan", "nosotros pidamos", "vosotros pidáis", "Uds. pidan", "nosotros durmamos", "vosotros durmáis", "ellos duerman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 208, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In the irregular -ir verbs, there is an additional irregularity in the nosotros and vosotros forms. The stem change e. ie or e. i has an -i- in the nosotros and vosotros forms. The stem change o. ue has a -u- in the nosotros and vosotros forms."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the present subjunctive, certain -er and -ir verbs carry the irregularity of the first-person singular throughout the conjugation. There are no -ar verbs that have this irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "conocer", "yo Form", "conozco", "decir", "digo", "hacer", "hago", "poner", "pongo", "salir", "salgo", "tener", "tengo", "traer", "traigo", "venir", "vengo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo conozca", "tú conozcas", "él conozca", "yo diga", "tú digas", "ella diga", "o hag:", "ú haga:", "Ud. haga", "yo ponga", "tú pongas", "él ponga", "yo salga", "tú salgas", "ella salga", "yo tenga", "tú tengas", "Ud. tenga", "yo traiga", "tú traigas", "él traiga", "yo venga", "tú vengas", "ella venga", "nosotros conozcamos", "vosotros conozcáis", "ellos conozcan", "nosotros digamos", "vosotros digáis", "ellas digan", "nosotros hagamos", "vosotros hagáis", "Uds. hagan", "nosotros pongamos", "vosotros pongáis", "ellos pongan", "nosotros salgamos", "vosotros salgáis", "ellas salgan", "nosotros tengamos", "vosotros tengáis", "Uds. tengan", "nosotros traigamos", "vosotros traigáis", "ellos traigan", "nosotros vengamos", "vosotros vengáis", "ellas vengan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9701492537313433, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 209, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs that have a present subjunctive that is not formed from the first-person singular. They are irregular in that they cannot be formed from the yo form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dar", "yo Form", "doy", "estar", "estoy", "voy", "saber", "sé", "ser", "soy", "haber", "he", "Present Subjunctive", "yo dé", "nosotros demos", "tú des", "vosotros deis", "él dé", "ellos den", "yo esté", "tú estés", "ella esté", "yo vaya", "tú vayas", "Ud. vaya", "yo sepa", "tú sepas", "él separ", "yo sea", "tú seas", "ella sea", "yo haya", "tú hayas", "Ud. haya", "nosotros estemos", "vosotros estéis", "ellas estén", "nosotros vayamos", "vosotros vayáis", "Uds. vayan", "nosotros sepamos", "vosotros sepáis", "ellos sepan", "nosotros seamos", "vosotros seáis", "ellas sean", "nosotros hayamos", "vosotros hayáis", "Uds. hayan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 210, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES: Dé (the form for both the first- and third-person singular of dar) has a written accent to distinguish it from de (of)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber. You will not need this form for any other use at this time."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common spelling changes are the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "apagar", "buscar", "comenzar", "empezar", "explicar", "llegar", "tocar", "yo Form", "apago", "busco", "comienzo", "empiezo", "explico", "llego", "toco", "Present Subjunctive", "yo apague", "tú apagues", "él apague", "yo busque", "tú busques", "Ud. busque", "yo comience", "tú comiences", "ella comience", "yo empiece", "tú empieces", "él empiece", "yo explique", "tú expliques", "Ud. explique", "yo llegue", "tú llegues", "ella llegue", "yo toque", "tú toques", "Ud. toque", "nosotros apaguemos", "vosotros apaguéis", "ellos apaguen", "nosotros busquemos", "vosotros busquéis", "Uds. busquen", "nosotros comencemos", "vosotros comencéis", "ellas comiencen", "nosotros empecemos", "vosotros empecéis", "ellos empiecen", "nosotros expliquemos", "vosotros expliquéis", "Uds. expliquen", "nosotros lleguemos", "vosotros lleguéis", "ellas lleguen", "nosotros toquemos", "vosotros toquéis", "Uds. toquen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 211, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: The change z. c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound. The consonants c (before i and e), s, and z all have the same sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like the present indicative, the stress in the present subjunctive tense is on the second to last syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo cante, tú cantes, él cante, nosotros cantemos, ellos canten. If a word carries an accent mark, stress the accented syllable: vosotros cantéis."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone; it must always be caused by some other element in the sentence. This is a mood that expresses wishes, doubts, and what is possible, rather than what is certain. Following are the specific uses of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A sentence or question may consist of a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause connected by the Spanish conjunction que."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él sabe", "que yo cocino bien.", "= the main clause", "= the dependent clause"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has an impersonal expression, such as Es dudoso. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.", "It is doubtful that I cook well"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8736841971414131, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Frequently used impersonal expressions are the following."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es bueno (que)", "it is good (that)", "es difícil (que)", "it is difficult (that)", "es dudoso (que)", "it is doubtful (that)", "es fácil (que)", "it is easy (that)", "es imposible (que)", "it is impossible (that)", "es importante (que)", "it is important (that)", "es malo (que)", "it is bad (that)", "es mejor (que)", "it is better (that)", "es necesario (que)", "it is necessary (that)", "es posible (que)", "it is possible (that)", "es probable (que)", "it is probable (that)", "es preciso (que)", "it is extremely necessary (that)", "es una lástima (que)", "it is a pity (that)", "es urgente (que)", "it is urgent (that)", "Es importante que ella coma bien. It is important that she eat well.", "Es necesario que estudiemos", "It is necessary that we study for", "para el examen.", "the test."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8736841971414131, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0213-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "¿ Es posible que ella venga", "mañana?", "Es probable que mi amiga me", "vea en el restaurante.", "Es un lástima que Pedro no lo", "quiera hacer:", "Es dudoso que viajemos a", "España.", "It is impossible that he is right.", "Is it possible that she will come", "tomorrow?", "It is probable that my friend will", "see me in the restaurant.", "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", "to do it.", "It is doubtful that we will travel", "to Spain."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 213, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Once you begin a sentence with one of the impersonal expressions above, it is mandatory to use the subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. These impersonal expressions in the main clause always trigger the subjunctive in the subordinate clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that some of the example sentences and questions above are translated with the future in English. This is because the present subjunctive carries with it a feeling of the future and doubt."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you wish to make a general statement with an impersonal expression, you need neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive. You simply use the structure you have already learned, which follows English word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0213-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es importante comer bien.", "¿'Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "Es posible salir temprano.", "Es bueno nadar cada día.", "It is important to eat well.", "Is it necessary to work a lot:", "It is possible to leave early.", "It is good to swim every day."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 213, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.1", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es posible que él me ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "2. Es una lástima que Sara no lo ___________________. (hacer)", "3. ¿Es posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi amigo Raúl? (conocer)", "4. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ bien. (dormir)", "5. Es importante que ella ___________________ bien las direcciones. (saber)", "6. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ mucha agua fría en el verano. (tomar)", "7. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ temprano. (levantarse)", "8. ¿Es posible que ella ___________________ a tiempo? (llegar)", "9. Es posible que yo ___________________ en Francia. (quedarse)", "10. Es probable que mucha gente importante ___________________ en la conferencia. (estar)", "11. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ una buena respuesta. (dar)", "12. Es urgente que tú ___________________ al doctor hoy. (ir)", "13. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ ricos. (ser)", "14. Es importante que los padres les ___________________ a sus hijos. (leer)", "15. La niña acaba de comer. Es imposible que ___________________ hambre. (tener)", "16. Es probable que nosotros le ___________________ flores al profesor. (traer)", "17. Es bueno que Uds. ___________________ mejor. (sentirse)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Es importante que nuestros amigos", "vengan", "a la fiesta. (venir)", "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber. You will not need this", "form for any other use at this time.", "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes", "simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common", "spelling changes are the following."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.1 1. diga 2. haga 3. conozcan 4. durmamos 5. sepa 6. tomemos 7. se levanten 8. llegue 9. me quede 10. esté 11. dé 12. vayas 13. sean 14. lean 15. tenga 16. traigamos 17. se sientan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. haga 3. conozcan 4. durmamos 5. sepa 6. tomemos 7. se levanten 8. llegue 9. me quede 10. esté 11. dé 12. vayas 13. sean 14. lean 15. tenga 16. traigamos 17. se sientan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express wishes or preferences with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The subject in the main clause must be different from the subject in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["querer", "desear", "preferir", "to want", "to desire, to want", "to prefer"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él sabe", "que yo canto.", "= the main clause", "= the dependent clause"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has one of the verbs above, such as Él quiere. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él quiere que yo cante.", "He wants that I sing", "He wants me to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not always show the distinction in moods like Spanish does. But even in the English translation of the above example, it is clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero que él baile.", "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "I want him to dance.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "basehall."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo quiero cantar:", "Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "I want to sing.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse de", "to be glad", "esperar", "to hope", "estar contento de", "to be happy", "estar triste de", "to be sad", "gustarle a uno", "to be pleasing", "sentir", "to regret", "tener miedo de, temer", "to be afraid of, to fear", "Me alegro de que Uds. estén bien. I am glad that you are well.", "Esperamos que Ud. tenga un", "We hope that you have a good", "buen fin de semana.", "weekend.", "La maestra está contenta de que", "The teacher is happy that we do", "hagamos la tarea.", "the homework.", "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "Are you sad that we cannot", "aceptar tu invitación?", "accept your invitation?", "Me gusta que mi familia venga", "It pleases me that my family", "a verme.", "is coming to see me.", "Lo siento que Ud. nunca se gane", "I am sorry that you never win", "la lotería.", "the lottery."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El líder tiene miedo de que el", "grupo no resuelva el problema.", "Los padres temen que sus hijos", "no quieran estudiar.", "The leader fears that the group", "will not resolve the problem.", "The parents fear that their", "children don't want to study"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, the sentence follows the basic structure that you have learned."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de estar aquí.", "El espera salir dentro de una hora.", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", "1 am glad to be here.", "He hopes to leave within the hour", "It pleases me to go to the movies.", "She is afraid of flying."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express orders, requests, or advice in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aconsejar", "decir", "dejar", "insistir en", "pedir", "permitir", "prohibir", "mandar", "sugerir", "to advise", "to tell (someone to do something)", "to permit, to let", "to insist", "to request, to ask for", "to permit", "to prohibit", "to order", "to suggest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te aconsejo que tomes el tren.", "Ella insiste en que yo me quede.", "Les pedimos que vayan de", "vacaciones.", "Le sugiero que Ud. lea este", "artienlo", "I advise you to take the train.", "She insists that I stay.", "We ask them to go on vacation", "I suggest that you read this", "article"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar, permitir, prohibir, and mandar can be used in two ways."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Les dejo que entren.", "Les dejo entrar.", "Te permito que nades aquí.", "Te permito nadar aquí.", "Te prohíbo que fumes en la casa.", "Te prohíbo fumar en la casa.", "I let them enter.", "I permit you to swim here.", "I prohibit you to smoke in the", "house."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El capitán les manda que los", "soldados descansen. Les", "manda descansar", "The captain orders the soldiers", "to rest. He orders them to", "rest."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Decir is used, as you have learned, to relate a fact. This idea is expressed with the indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes to"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, when decir is used to give an order, the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", "¿ Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed now", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that when English to tell is being used to order someone to do something, the command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell + the infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An English command is expressed as follows: He tells me to go."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that to simply relating a fact: He tells me that the bus is here."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dudar", "no creer", "no pensar", "to doubt", "not to believe", "not to think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", "a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how to", "play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.2", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present subjunctive.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "2. Él quiere que su amiga ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "3. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "4. Ellos se alegran de que el bebé ___________________. (dejar de llorar)", "5. Ellos nos piden que ___________________ mejor la idea. (explicar)", "6. A él no le gusta que yo siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "7. Rosa insiste en que su jefe le ___________________ más dinero. (dar)", "8. No creo que Alicia ___________________ la fecha. (saber)", "9. Ellas dudan que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)", "10. Les sugiero a sus padres que ___________________ de vacaciones. (ir)", "11. Me alegro de que no ___________________ nada grave. (ser)", "12. Los expertos nos aconsejan que ___________________ ejercicio. (hacer)", "13. Paula espera que su hermana ___________________ bien. (estar)", "14. Yo dudo que Uds. me ___________________ en la reunión. (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "vean", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.2 1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. vean", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "vean", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. vean"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.3", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans3", "instruction": "Rewrite the following indicative sentences so that the subjunctive is required. Choose any appropriate verb that causes the subjunctive to be needed in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE A mis padres les gusta viajar. Quiero que ellos viajen."], "prompts": ["1. Mi amigo tiene malos sueños. ___________________", "2. Ella no se divierte mucho. ___________________", "3. Nosotros somos buenos estudiantes. ___________________", "4. No vamos a volver a los Estados Unidos. ___________________", "5. Sara me trae flores a mi casa. ___________________", "6. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi tío? [Write a response.] ___________________", "7. Mi hermano y yo no nos vemos mucho. ___________________", "8. ¿Hay clase los lunes? ___________________", "9. Carla es de Polonia. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "13.3 Answers will vary. 1. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 2. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 3. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 4. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 5. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 6. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 7. Es una lástima que no nos veamos mucho. 8. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 9. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 2. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 3. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 4. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 5. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 6. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 7. Es una lástima que no nos veamos mucho. 8. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 9. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.4", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans4", "instruction": "Indicative or subjunctive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo prefiere que yo lo ___________________ en febrero. (visitar)", "2. Él quiere que nosotros le ___________________ recuerdos. (traer)", "3. Nos gusta que él nos ___________________. (amar)", "4. Es importante que nos ___________________ cada año. (ver)", "5. ¿Sabe Ud. que ellos ___________________ aquí? (estar)", "6. Yo pienso que Rosario ___________________ poco. (quejarse)", "7. Dudo que ella ___________________. (entender)", "8. Lo sentimos que tú no ___________________ acompañarnos. (poder)", "9. Espero que ella ___________________ de las instrucciones. (acordarse)", "10. ¿No crees que aquellas tortas ___________________ deliciosas? (estar)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Espero que Uds.", "Yo sé que Uds..", "tengan", "tienen", "un buen fin de semana. (tener)", "muchos amigos. (tener)", "clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to", "do something.", "Quiero que él baile.", "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "al béisbol.", "I want him to dance.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "baseball.", "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a", "dependent clause nor a subjunctive.", "Yo quiero cantar:", "Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "I want to sing.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep.", "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", "Verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other", "people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent", "clause."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vea/veamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "entienda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se acuerde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.4 1. visite 2. traigamos 3. ame 4. vea/veamos 5. están 6. se queja 7. entienda 8. puedas 9. se acuerde 10. estén", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vea/veamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "entienda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se acuerde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. visite 2. traigamos 3. ame 4. vea/veamos 5. están 6. se queja 7. entienda 8. puedas 9. se acuerde 10. estén"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.5", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans5", "instruction": "Complete the story with the correct form (subjunctive, indicative, or infinitive) of each verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["Mariana ___________________ (1. levantarse) temprano porque hoy sus nietos quieren ___________________ (2. ir) al circo. Ella insiste en que ellos ___________________ (3. desayunarse) bien antes de ___________________ (4. salir). Ella espera que", "___________________ (5. divertirse) mucho porque el circo ___________________ (6. venir) raras veces a su pueblo. Hace frío y ella", "les aconseja que ___________________ (7. ponerse) la chaqueta para el invierno. Ellos están contentos de que su abuela ___________________ (8. ser) tan simpática."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se levanta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se desayunen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se diviertan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se pongan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.5 1. se levanta 2. ir 3. se desayunen 4. salir 5. se diviertan 6. viene 7. se pongan 8. sea", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se levanta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se desayunen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se diviertan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se pongan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se levanta 2. ir 3. se desayunen 4. salir 5. se diviertan 6. viene 7. se pongan 8. sea"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A subjunctive form follows directly after one of the following conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject than the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a pesar de que", "antes de que", "después de que", "en caso de que", "hasta que", "para que", "sin que", "in spite of", "before", "after", "in case", "until", "in order that, so that", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence in which there is only one subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "cantar.", "She practices the piano before", "singing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following sentence, there are two subjects connected by the conjunction que."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "que él cante.", "She practices the piano before", "he sings."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not show the distinction in moods the way Spanish does. However, there are clearly two subjects in the example above: she and he."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él enseña para que los", "estudiantes aprendan.", "Voy a esperar hasta que tú", "llegues.", "Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud. me", "ayude.", "He teaches so that the students", "learn.", "1 am going to wait until you", "arrive.", "I'm going to do it without your", "helping me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject in the sentence, an infinitive will follow the preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella estudia para aprender.", "Después de trabajar, ella descansa.", "Él habla sin pensar:", "She studies in order to learn", "After working, she rests.", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some conjunctions of time always cause a subjunctive, whether there are two subjects or only one in the sentence. Such conjunctions are the following."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menos que", "unless", "luego que", "as soon as", "tan pronto como", "as soon as", "Vamos a bailar a menos que no", "haya música.", "Voy a llegar tan pronto como", "yo pueda.", "We are going to dance unless", "there is no music.", "I am going to arrive as soon as", "I can."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After cuando"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form directly follows cuando if the future is implied."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a viajar cuando tengamos", "tiempo y dinero.", "¿ Me puedes llamar cuando", "llegues a casa?", "El niño quiere ser bombero", "cuando sea grande.", "We are going to travel when we", "have time and money.", "Can you call me when you arrive", "home?", "The child wants to be a fireman", "when he grows up."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a question, the indicative form is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "When are you going to be home!", "When do you want to travel?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a sentence that involves either a repeated action or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando hace frío, los niños", "juegan en la nieve.", "Ella se siente alegre cuando baila.", "Cuando voy a la playa, siempre", "me divierto.", "When it is cold, the children play", "in the snow.", "She feels happy when she dances", "When I go to the beach, I always", "have a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.6", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the verbs and conjunctions in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ___________________ (after) yo ___________________ (to bathe myself), voy a vestirme.", "2. No voy ___________________ (unless) Uds. ___________________ (to go) también.", "3. Él va a invitar a su amiga a la fiesta ___________________ (as soon as) él ___________________ (to have) confianza.", "4. Les doy las instrucciones ___________________ (so that) ellos ___________________ (to know how) llegar.", "5. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto ___________________ (as soon as) Uds. ___________________ (to finish) su tarea.", "6. ___________________ (before) su novio ___________________ (to come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "7. Te presto el dinero ___________________ (so that) tú ___________________ (to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "8. Vamos a estar aquí ___________________ (until) ellos ___________________. (to arrive)", "9. ___________________ (in case) Uds. no ___________________ (to have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "10. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar ___________________ (so that) sus padres ___________________ (to be) contentos.", "11. ___________________ (in spite of) ellos ___________________ (to be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "12. Tú puedes venir a mi casa ___________________ (without) yo te ___________________. (to invite)", "13. Graciela va a descansar ___________________ (after) sus nietos ___________________. (to go away)", "14. Cuando Ud. ___________________ (to be able), ¿me puede acompañar al tren?", "15. Elena me va a ver cuando nosotros ___________________ (to meet) en México.", "16. Cuando ellos ___________________ (to return) a los Estados Unidos, van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "17. El hombre va a estar contento cuando ___________________ (to learn) a manejar."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Él va a limpiar su apartamento", "familia lo visite", ". (to visit)", "antes de que", "- (before) su", "José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes to", "travel.", "However, when decir is used to give an order, the subjunctive is used in the", "dependent clause.", "Yo te digo que vayas al doctor:", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", "¿Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed now.", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?", "Notice that when English to tell is being used to order someone to do", "something, the command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell", "+ the infinitive.", "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the", "subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.", "dudar", "to doubt", "no creer", "not to believe", "no pensar", "not to think", "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", "a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how to", "play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "A pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos reunamos / nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "vuelvan/regresen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "aprenda", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.6 1. Después de que, me bañe 2. a menos que, vayan 3. luego que, tenga 4. para que, sepan 5. luego que, terminen 6. Antes de que, venga 7. para que, puedas 8. hasta que, lleguen 9. En caso de que, tengan 10. para que, estén 11. A pesar de que, tengan 12. sin que, invite 13. después de que, se vayan 14. pueda 15. nos reunamos / nos encontremos 16. vuelvan/regresen 17. aprenda", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "A pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos reunamos / nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "vuelvan/regresen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "aprenda", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Después de que, me bañe 2. a menos que, vayan 3. luego que, tenga 4. para que, sepan 5. luego que, terminen 6. Antes de que, venga 7. para que, puedas 8. hasta que, lleguen 9. En caso de que, tengan 10. para que, estén 11. A pesar de que, tengan 12. sin que, invite 13. después de que, se vayan 14. pueda 15. nos reunamos / nos encontremos 16. vuelvan/regresen 17. aprenda"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Busco un apartmento que", "sea grande y barato.", "¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que", "sepa hablar alemán?", "¿ Hay alguien aquí que baile", "bien?", "No hay nadie que siempre", "tenga razón.", "I am looking for an apartment", "that is big and cheap.", "Do you know anyone who knows", "how to speak German?", "Is there anyone here who dances", "well?", "There is no one who is always", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por más que ella limpie, su", "casa está siempre desordenada.", "Por mucho que él coma, no", "se engorda.", "No matter how much she cleans", "her house is always a mess.", "No matter how much he eats,", "he doesn't get fat."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "Ojalá que Uds. reciban el", "cheque.", "Ojalá que él se quede.", "Would to God that she has luck", "I hope you receive the check.", "Would to God that he stays."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After acaso, quizás, and tal vez"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Acaso él me visite mañana.", "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow", "Perhaps they will tell me the truth.", "Perhaps they will tell me lies."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After aunque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used if the action has not yet occurred."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy al cine aunque no vayan", "mis amigos.", "Aunque Pedro se quede esta", "noche, yo voy a salir.", "Aunque sea difícil, él lo puede", "hacer.", "I am going to the movies although", "my friends may not go.", "Although Peter may stay tonight,", "I am going to leave.", "Although it may be difficult,", "he can do it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Compounds of -quiera"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quienquiera que esté aquí,", "puede salir con nosotros.", "Cualquiera que sea sincero,", "puede ser un buen amigo.", "Adondequiera que vayas,", "te deseo lo mejor:", "Dondequiera que estén ellos,", "los voy a buscar.", "Whoever is here can leave with us", "Whichever (one) is sincere can be", "a good friend.", "Wherever you go, I wish you the", "best.", "Wherever they are, I am going to", "look for them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After como"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used after como if the meaning is however."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellas van a preparar la comida", "como tú quieras.", "They are going to prepare the meal", "however you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.7", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Tal vez ellos ___________________ por la comida. (enfermarse)", "2. Ojalá que nosotros ___________________ hoy. (descansar)", "3. Aunque él ___________________ mañana, no quiero lavar el baño. (llegar)", "4. Por mucho que ellas ___________________, no van a hacer nada. (quejarse)", "5. Quienquiera que ___________________ bien, puede ser experto. (cocinar)", "6. Ojalá que tú ___________________ bien esta noche. (dormir)", "7. Aunque ___________________ mucho tráfico, queremos viajar. (haber)", "8. Mi amiga busca un apartamento que ___________________ tres cuartos. (tener)", "9. Carlos necesita una casa que ___________________ en el campo. (estar)", "10. El hombre quiere hacer el proyecto como Ud. lo ___________________. (querer)", "11. No conozco a nadie que me ___________________ a la playa. (acompañar)", "12. Ella busca un novio que ___________________ inteligente. (ser)", "13. Quizás él ___________________ la semana que viene. (venir)", "14. Por más que Tomás ___________________, no sabe nada. (hablar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.7 1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.8", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans8", "instruction": "Subjunctive or indicative? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es importante que yo ___________________ temprano. (acostarse)", "2. Esperamos que ella ___________________. (mejorarse)", "3. Yo sé que las lecciones ___________________ difíciles. (ser)", "4. ¿Quiere Ud. que Leopoldo ___________________ la historia? (estudiar)", "5. No pienso que Loreta ___________________ bien el violín. (tocar)", "6. Sabemos que a ella no le ___________________ practicar. (gustar)", "7. Lo sentimos que Uds. no ___________________ a la conferencia mañana. (ir)", "8. Es posible que ___________________ mucha gente interesante. (haber)", "9. Espero que ellos ___________________ en su casa cuando yo ___________________. (estar/llegar)", "10. Cuando Linda ___________________ de vacaciones, ella se relaja siempre. (ir)", "11. María quiere que Pedro ___________________ a sus padres. (conocer)", "12. Por mucho que yo ___________________, no pierdo peso. (nadar)", "13. Ojalá que Uds. ___________________ pronto. (volver)", "14. Ella quiere que tú la ___________________ el primero de mayo. (visitar)", "15. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que ___________________ hacer todo lo que quiere hacer? (poder)", "16. La madre quiere que los niños ___________________ la mesa. (poner)", "17. Ella insiste en que ellos ___________________ la tarea antes de jugar. (hacer)", "18. Se alegran de que Uds. ___________________ mejor. Esperan que Uds. ___________________ bien y contentos. (sentirse/estar)", "19. ¿Por qué dudas que Rosa y Reinaldo ___________________ en noviembre? (casarse)", "20. Te aconsejo que ___________________ al dentista tres veces por año. (ir)", "21. Pensamos que tú ___________________ despertarte más temprano para llegar a tiempo. (deber)", "22. Carmen piensa que su amigo ___________________ un buen carro. (necesitar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me acueste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se mejore", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "toque", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estén, llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "vuelvan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "visites", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "pongan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se sientan, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "se casen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "debes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "necesita", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.8 1. me acueste 2. se mejore 3. son 4. estudie 5. toque 6. gusta 7. vayan 8. haya 9. estén, llegue 10. va 11. conozca 12. nade 13. vuelvan 14. visites 15. pueda 16. pongan 17. hagan 18. se sientan, estén 19. se casen 20. vayas 21. debes 22. necesita", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me acueste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se mejore", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "toque", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estén, llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "vuelvan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "visites", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "pongan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se sientan, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "se casen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "debes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "necesita", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me acueste 2. se mejore 3. son 4. estudie 5. toque 6. gusta 7. vayan 8. haya 9. estén, llegue 10. va 11. conozca 12. nade 13. vuelvan 14. visites 15. pueda 16. pongan 17. hagan 18. se sientan, estén 19. se casen 20. vayas 21. debes 22. necesita"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.9", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans9", "instruction": "Subjunctive, indicative, or infinitive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. José y Susana están enamorados y ___________________ casarse. (querer)", "2. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ la respuesta correcta. (dar)", "3. ¿Es importante ___________________ honesto en este mundo? (ser)", "4. Después de ___________________ ocho horas, me siento bien. (dormir)", "5. Hablo despacio para que mis estudiantes me ___________________. (entender)", "6. A Francisco le gusta ___________________ mucho. (leer)", "7. A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella ___________________ mucho. (reírse)", "8. Te pido que ___________________ tu oficio. (hacer)", "9. Yo sé que el restaurante que nos gusta ___________________ lejos de tu oficina. ¿Quieres que yo ___________________ otro? (estar/escoger)", "10. ¿Es posible que nosotros ___________________ cenar juntos? (poder)", "11. Es importante que Uds. ___________________ del edificio rápida y tranquilamente. (salir)", "12. ¿Es importante ___________________ bien para ___________________ bien? (comer/vivir)", "13. Carla tiene la bolsa que me ___________________. (gustar)", "14. Ella me dice que los guantes ___________________ de cuero. (ser)", "15. ¿Quieren ellos que nosotros ___________________ los artículos sobre la contaminación de las ciudades grandes? (buscar)", "16. ¿Sabe Ud. por qué Irene no ___________________ nunca la chaqueta cuando ___________________ frío? (ponerse/hacer)", "17. Me alegro de ___________________ aquí. Me alegro de que Uds. ___________________ aquí también. (estar/estar)", "18. ¿Es necesario ___________________ para ___________________ otro idioma? (viajar/aprender)", "19. Les muestro a Uds. las fotos luego que ___________________. (llegar)", "20. Él se alegra de que su esposa ___________________ abogada. (ser)", "21. Ella prefiere ___________________ hasta las nueve, pero su jefe prefiere que ella ___________________ más temprano. (dormir/despertarse)", "22. Es preciso que Uds. no le ___________________ que su hermana está en la ciudad. Es una sorpresa y ella quiere ___________________ sin que él lo ___________________. (decir/llegar/saber)", "23. Nos gusta ___________________ todo. (compartir)", "24. Los padres le prohíben a Guillermo que ___________________ chocolates. (comer)", "25. Quiero que Uds. ___________________ éxito en todo que hagan. (tener)", "26. Ojalá que tú ___________________. (quedarse)", "27. Te espero hasta que tú ___________________. (regresar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quieren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dormir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "entiendan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "leer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está, escoja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "podamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "salgan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "busquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se pone, hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "estar, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "viajar, aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "dormir, se despierte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "digan, llegar, sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "compartir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "coma", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "te quedes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "regreses", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.9 1. quieren 2. dé 3. ser 4. dormir 5. entiendan 6. leer 7. se ríe 8. hagas 9. está, escoja 10. podamos 11. salgan 12. comer, vivir 13. gusta 14. son 15. busquemos 16. se pone, hace 17. estar, estén 18. viajar, aprender 19. lleguen 20. sea 21. dormir, se despierte 22. digan, llegar, sepa 23. compartir 24. coma 25. tengan 26. te quedes 27. regreses", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quieren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dormir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "entiendan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "leer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está, escoja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "podamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "salgan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "busquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se pone, hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "estar, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "viajar, aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "dormir, se despierte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "digan, llegar, sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "compartir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "coma", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "te quedes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "regreses", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quieren 2. dé 3. ser 4. dormir 5. entiendan 6. leer 7. se ríe 8. hagas 9. está, escoja 10. podamos 11. salgan 12. comer, vivir 13. gusta 14. son 15. busquemos 16. se pone, hace 17. estar, estén 18. viajar, aprender 19. lleguen 20. sea 21. dormir, se despierte 22. digan, llegar, sepa 23. compartir 24. coma 25. tengan 26. te quedes 27. regreses"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.10", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans10", "instruction": "Change the following sentences to the subjunctive mood if necessary.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Enrique se va. (No me gusta)", "2. Ella le da flores a su esposo. (Él se alegra)", "3. Ella sabe la fecha. (Es importante)", "4. Mis amigos están bien. (Me alegro)", "5. Paula conoce a Raúl. (Es dudoso)", "6. Yo soy una buena estudiante. (Es posible)", "7. La película empieza a las dos. (Esperamos)", "8. Hace buen tiempo hoy. (Ojalá)", "9. El tren llega a tiempo. (Tal vez)", "10. Rosa tiene mucha suerte. (Quiero)", "11. Nos vemos mucho. (Me alegro)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Ricardo no cocina. (Es una lástima)", "Es una lástima que no cocine.", "4. Les doy las instrucciones", "(so that) ellos", "(to know how) llegar.", "5. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto", "Uds.", "- (as soon as)", "(to finish) su tarea.", "(before) su novio", "come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "7. Te presto el dinero", "_ (to", "8. Vamos a estar aquí", "_ (so that) tú", "(to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "_ (until) ellos", "_. (to arrive)", "(in case) Uds. no", "have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "10. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar", "(so that) sus padres _", "be) contentos.", "11.", "(in spite of) ellos", "be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "12. Tú puedes venir a mi casa", "• (to invite)", "_ (without) yo te", "13. Graciela va a descansar", "(after) sus nietos", "• (to go away)", "14. Cuando Ud.", "acompañar al tren?", "15. Elena me va a ver cuando nosotros", "en Mexico.", "16. Cuando ellos", "van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "17. El hombre va a estar contento cuando _", "learn) a manejar.", "(to be able), ¿me puede", "_ (to meet)", "(to return) a los Estados Unidos,", "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or", "person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No me gusta que se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Es importante que ella sepa la fecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.10 1. No me gusta que se vaya. 2. Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo. 3. Es importante que ella sepa la fecha. 4. Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien. 5. Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl. 6. Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante. 7. Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos. 8. Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy. 9. Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo. 10. Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte. 11. Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No me gusta que se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Es importante que ella sepa la fecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No me gusta que se vaya. 2. Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo. 3. Es importante que ella sepa la fecha. 4. Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien. 5. Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl. 6. Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante. 7. Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos. 8. Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy. 9. Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo. 10. Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte. 11. Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.11", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans11", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Peter doesn’t think that the trip will be good.", "2. I am glad to know you.", "3. We hope that you are feeling better.", "4. Can you call me when you arrive home?", "5. Laura insists that the children put on their jackets.", "6. Roberto hopes that Julia will dance with him tonight."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Me alegro de conocerle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Esperamos que te sientas mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.11 1. Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno. 2. Me alegro de conocerle. 3. Esperamos que te sientas mejor. 4. ¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa? 5. Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta. 6. Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Me alegro de conocerle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Esperamos que te sientas mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno. 2. Me alegro de conocerle. 3. Esperamos que te sientas mejor. 4. ¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa? 5. Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta. 6. Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.12", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans12", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part II.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. abrazar", "2. acompañar", "3. aconsejar", "4. acordarse", "5. acostarse", "6. afeitarse", "7. agradar", "8. agradecer", "9. alegrarse", "10. amar", "11. andar", "12. animarse", "13. apresurarse", "14. aprovecharse", "15. arreglarse", "16. asistir", "17. asustarse", "18. atreverse", "19. ayudar", "20. bajarse", "21. bañarse", "22. besar", "23. burlarse", "24. buscar", "25. caerse", "26. callarse", "27. calmarse", "28. cargar", "29. cepillarse", "30. charlar", "31. cobrar", "32. comenzar", "33. conocer", "34. contar", "35. convenir", "36. conversar", "37. cuidar", "38. dar", "39. darse cuenta", "40. decir", "41. dedicarse", "42. defenderse", "43. dejar", "44. demorarse", "45. desayunarse", "46. desear", "47. despedirse", "48. despertarse", "49. divertirse", "50. doler", "51. dormirse", "52. ducharse", "53. dudar", "54. enamorarse", "55. encantar", "56. encontrarse", "57. enfadarse", "58. enfermarse", "59. enojarse", "60. enseñar", "61. enviar", "62. equivocarse", "63. escoger", "64. esperar", "65. expresarse", "66. extrañar", "67. faltar", "68. fascinar", "69. fiarse", "70. fijarse", "71. gritar", "72. haber", "73. hacerse", "74. hallar", "75. importar", "76. insistir", "77. interesar", "78. invitar", "79. irse", "80. lastimarse", "81. lavarse", "82. levantarse", "83. llamar", "84. llamarse", "85. mandar", "86. maquillarse", "87. matar", "88. mejorarse", "89. meterse", "90. molestar", "91. morirse", "92. moverse", "93. mudarse", "94. pararse", "95. parecer", "96. parecerse", "97. pedir", "98. peinarse", "99. permitir", "100. pintarse", "101. ponerse", "102. portarse", "103. preguntar", "104. preguntarse", "105. preocuparse", "106. prestar", "107. prohibir", "108. quedarse", "109. quejarse", "110. quemarse", "111. quitarse", "112. recoger", "113. reírse", "114. reunirse", "115. saltar", "116. saludar", "117. sentarse", "118. sentirse", "119. sugerir", "120. tardar", "121. traer", "122. tranquilizarse", "123. ver", "124. vestirse", "125. visitar", "126. volverse"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to embrace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to accompany", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to advise", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to go to bed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to shave", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to be agreeable", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to thank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to become happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to love", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to cheer up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to rush", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to take advantage of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to fix oneself up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to attend (an event)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to get frightened", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to dare", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to help", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to get off", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to bathe oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to kiss", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to make fun of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to look for", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to become quiet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to carry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to brush (one’s hair/teeth)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to chat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to charge", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to be acquainted with, to know", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to tell a story", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to be convenient to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to converse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to take care of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to give", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to realize", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to say, to tell", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to dedicate oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to defend oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to leave (something or someone)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to have breakfast", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to desire, to want", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to take one’s leave", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to wake up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to have a good time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to be painful, to hurt", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 51, "answer": "to fall asleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 52, "answer": "to take a shower", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 53, "answer": "to doubt", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 54, "answer": "to fall in love", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 55, "answer": "to be enchanting", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 56, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 57, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 58, "answer": "to get sick", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 59, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 60, "answer": "to teach", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 61, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 62, "answer": "to make a mistake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 63, "answer": "to choose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 64, "answer": "to wait for", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 65, "answer": "to express oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 66, "answer": "to miss (a person or place)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 67, "answer": "to lack", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 68, "answer": "to be fascinating", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 69, "answer": "to trust", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 70, "answer": "to notice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 71, "answer": "to yell at", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 72, "answer": "to have (helping verb)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 73, "answer": "to become (a profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 74, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 75, "answer": "to be important", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 76, "answer": "to insist", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 77, "answer": "to interest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 78, "answer": "to invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 79, "answer": "to go away, to leave quickly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 80, "answer": "to hurt oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 81, "answer": "to wash oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 82, "answer": "to get up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 83, "answer": "to call", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 84, "answer": "to call oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 85, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 86, "answer": "to put makeup on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 87, "answer": "to kill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 88, "answer": "to get better", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 89, "answer": "to meddle, to get involved in", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 90, "answer": "to be annoying, to bother", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 91, "answer": "to die", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 92, "answer": "to move", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 93, "answer": "to move (from one place to another)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 94, "answer": "to stand up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 95, "answer": "to seem", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 96, "answer": "to resemble", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 97, "answer": "to ask for, to request", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 98, "answer": "to comb (one’s hair)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 99, "answer": "to permit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 100, "answer": "to put makeup on, to put nail polish on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 101, "answer": "to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 102, "answer": "to behave oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 103, "answer": "to ask, to question", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 104, "answer": "to wonder", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 105, "answer": "to worry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 106, "answer": "to lend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 107, "answer": "to prohibit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 108, "answer": "to remain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 109, "answer": "to complain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 110, "answer": "to burn oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 111, "answer": "to take off (clothing)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 112, "answer": "to pick up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 113, "answer": "to laugh", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 114, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 115, "answer": "to jump", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 116, "answer": "to greet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 117, "answer": "to sit down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 118, "answer": "to feel (health or emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 119, "answer": "to suggest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 120, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 121, "answer": "to bring", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 122, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 123, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 124, "answer": "to get dressed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 125, "answer": "to visit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 126, "answer": "to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.12 1. to embrace 2. to accompany 3. to advise 4. to remember 5. to go to bed 6. to shave 7. to be agreeable 8. to thank 9. to become happy 10. to love 11. to walk 12. to cheer up 13. to rush 14. to take advantage of 15. to fix oneself up 16. to attend (an event) 17. to get frightened 18. to dare 19. to help 20. to get off 21. to bathe oneself 22. to kiss 23. to make fun of 24. to look for 25. to fall down 26. to become quiet 27. to calm down 28. to carry 29. to brush (one’s hair/teeth) 30. to chat 31. to charge 32. to begin 33. to be acquainted with, to know 34. to tell a story 35. to be convenient to 36. to converse 37. to take care of 38. to give 39. to realize 40. to say, to tell 41. to dedicate oneself 42. to defend oneself 43. to leave (something or someone) 44. to delay 45. to have breakfast 46. to desire, to want 47. to take one’s leave 48. to wake up 49. to have a good time 50. to be painful, to hurt 51. to fall asleep 52. to take a shower 53. to doubt 54. to fall in love 55. to be enchanting 56. to meet 57. to get angry 58. to get sick 59. to get angry 60. to teach 61. to send 62. to make a mistake 63. to choose 64. to wait for 65. to express oneself 66. to miss (a person or place) 67. to lack 68. to be fascinating 69. to trust 70. to notice 71. to yell at 72. to have (helping verb) 73. to become (a profession) 74. to find 75. to be important 76. to insist 77. to interest 78. to invite 79. to go away, to leave quickly 80. to hurt oneself 81. to wash oneself 82. to get up 83. to call 84. to call oneself 85. to send 86. to put makeup on 87. to kill 88. to get better 89. to meddle, to get involved in 90. to be annoying, to bother 91. to die 92. to move 93. to move (from one place to another) 94. to stand up 95. to seem 96. to resemble 97. to ask for, to request 98. to comb (one’s hair) 99. to permit 100. to put makeup on, to put nail polish on 101. to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion) 102. to behave oneself 103. to ask, to question 104. to wonder 105. to worry 106. to lend 107. to prohibit 108. to remain 109. to complain 110. to burn oneself 111. to take off (clothing) 112. to pick up 113. to laugh 114. to meet 115. to jump 116. to greet 117. to sit down 118. to feel (health or emotion) 119. to suggest 120. to delay 121. to bring 122. to calm down 123. to see 124. to get dressed 125. to visit 126. to become (an emotion)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to embrace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to accompany", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to advise", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to go to bed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to shave", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to be agreeable", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to thank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to become happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to love", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to cheer up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to rush", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to take advantage of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to fix oneself up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to attend (an event)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to get frightened", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to dare", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to help", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to get off", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to bathe oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to kiss", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to make fun of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to look for", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to become quiet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to carry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to brush (one’s hair/teeth)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to chat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to charge", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to be acquainted with, to know", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to tell a story", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to be convenient to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to converse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to take care of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to give", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to realize", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to say, to tell", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to dedicate oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to defend oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to leave (something or someone)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to have breakfast", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to desire, to want", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to take one’s leave", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to wake up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to have a good time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to be painful, to hurt", "alternates": []}, {"number": 51, "answer": "to fall asleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 52, "answer": "to take a shower", "alternates": []}, {"number": 53, "answer": "to doubt", "alternates": []}, {"number": 54, "answer": "to fall in love", "alternates": []}, {"number": 55, "answer": "to be enchanting", "alternates": []}, {"number": 56, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 57, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 58, "answer": "to get sick", "alternates": []}, {"number": 59, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 60, "answer": "to teach", "alternates": []}, {"number": 61, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"number": 62, "answer": "to make a mistake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 63, "answer": "to choose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 64, "answer": "to wait for", "alternates": []}, {"number": 65, "answer": "to express oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 66, "answer": "to miss (a person or place)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 67, "answer": "to lack", "alternates": []}, {"number": 68, "answer": "to be fascinating", "alternates": []}, {"number": 69, "answer": "to trust", "alternates": []}, {"number": 70, "answer": "to notice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 71, "answer": "to yell at", "alternates": []}, {"number": 72, "answer": "to have (helping verb)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 73, "answer": "to become (a profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 74, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"number": 75, "answer": "to be important", "alternates": []}, {"number": 76, "answer": "to insist", "alternates": []}, {"number": 77, "answer": "to interest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 78, "answer": "to invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 79, "answer": "to go away, to leave quickly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 80, "answer": "to hurt oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 81, "answer": "to wash oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 82, "answer": "to get up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 83, "answer": "to call", "alternates": []}, {"number": 84, "answer": "to call oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 85, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"number": 86, "answer": "to put makeup on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 87, "answer": "to kill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 88, "answer": "to get better", "alternates": []}, {"number": 89, "answer": "to meddle, to get involved in", "alternates": []}, {"number": 90, "answer": "to be annoying, to bother", "alternates": []}, {"number": 91, "answer": "to die", "alternates": []}, {"number": 92, "answer": "to move", "alternates": []}, {"number": 93, "answer": "to move (from one place to another)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 94, "answer": "to stand up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 95, "answer": "to seem", "alternates": []}, {"number": 96, "answer": "to resemble", "alternates": []}, {"number": 97, "answer": "to ask for, to request", "alternates": []}, {"number": 98, "answer": "to comb (one’s hair)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 99, "answer": "to permit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 100, "answer": "to put makeup on, to put nail polish on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 101, "answer": "to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 102, "answer": "to behave oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 103, "answer": "to ask, to question", "alternates": []}, {"number": 104, "answer": "to wonder", "alternates": []}, {"number": 105, "answer": "to worry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 106, "answer": "to lend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 107, "answer": "to prohibit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 108, "answer": "to remain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 109, "answer": "to complain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 110, "answer": "to burn oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 111, "answer": "to take off (clothing)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 112, "answer": "to pick up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 113, "answer": "to laugh", "alternates": []}, {"number": 114, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 115, "answer": "to jump", "alternates": []}, {"number": 116, "answer": "to greet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 117, "answer": "to sit down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 118, "answer": "to feel (health or emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 119, "answer": "to suggest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 120, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 121, "answer": "to bring", "alternates": []}, {"number": 122, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 123, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"number": 124, "answer": "to get dressed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 125, "answer": "to visit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 126, "answer": "to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to embrace 2. to accompany 3. to advise 4. to remember 5. to go to bed 6. to shave 7. to be agreeable 8. to thank 9. to become happy 10. to love 11. to walk 12. to cheer up 13. to rush 14. to take advantage of 15. to fix oneself up 16. to attend (an event) 17. to get frightened 18. to dare 19. to help 20. to get off 21. to bathe oneself 22. to kiss 23. to make fun of 24. to look for 25. to fall down 26. to become quiet 27. to calm down 28. to carry 29. to brush (one’s hair/teeth) 30. to chat 31. to charge 32. to begin 33. to be acquainted with, to know 34. to tell a story 35. to be convenient to 36. to converse 37. to take care of 38. to give 39. to realize 40. to say, to tell 41. to dedicate oneself 42. to defend oneself 43. to leave (something or someone) 44. to delay 45. to have breakfast 46. to desire, to want 47. to take one’s leave 48. to wake up 49. to have a good time 50. to be painful, to hurt 51. to fall asleep 52. to take a shower 53. to doubt 54. to fall in love 55. to be enchanting 56. to meet 57. to get angry 58. to get sick 59. to get angry 60. to teach 61. to send 62. to make a mistake 63. to choose 64. to wait for 65. to express oneself 66. to miss (a person or place) 67. to lack 68. to be fascinating 69. to trust 70. to notice 71. to yell at 72. to have (helping verb) 73. to become (a profession) 74. to find 75. to be important 76. to insist 77. to interest 78. to invite 79. to go away, to leave quickly 80. to hurt oneself 81. to wash oneself 82. to get up 83. to call 84. to call oneself 85. to send 86. to put makeup on 87. to kill 88. to get better 89. to meddle, to get involved in 90. to be annoying, to bother 91. to die 92. to move 93. to move (from one place to another) 94. to stand up 95. to seem 96. to resemble 97. to ask for, to request 98. to comb (one’s hair) 99. to permit 100. to put makeup on, to put nail polish on 101. to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion) 102. to behave oneself 103. to ask, to question 104. to wonder 105. to worry 106. to lend 107. to prohibit 108. to remain 109. to complain 110. to burn oneself 111. to take off (clothing) 112. to pick up 113. to laugh 114. to meet 115. to jump 116. to greet 117. to sit down 118. to feel (health or emotion) 119. to suggest 120. to delay 121. to bring 122. to calm down 123. to see 124. to get dressed 125. to visit 126. to become (an emotion)"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La despedida"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta noche, cuando me acueste, va a ser mi última noche en Italia. Es una lástima que ya no pueda pasar las mañanas en pura tranquilidad en ese restaurante acogedor donde tomo mi café."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La soledad es diferente aquí que allí, quizás por el calor humano de los italianos. Mi amiga Beatriz quiere que me quede. Nos llevamos bien. A ella le gusta mostrarme lo histórico de las ciudades y la verdad es que me fascina lo antiguo. Realmente, no me importa mucho adonde vamos, si vamos a un sitio u otro, porque siempre nos divertimos juntas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuando yo esté en los Estados Unidos (no lo puedo imaginar) quiero que ella me escriba desde Italia. La voy a extrañar. Pero es el fin de mi viaje."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A todas las personas con quienes me reúno, les deseo lo mejor y les agradezco por todo. Voy a despedirme de ellos con un abrazo y mucho cariño cuando les diga “adiós”."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradecer", "despedirse", "to thank", "to take one's leave"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9555555555555556, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el abrazo", "el calor humano", "el cariño", "the embrace", "human warmth", "affection", "la despedida", "el fin", "la soledad", "the farewell", "the end", "the solitude"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9555555555555556, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbio"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["realmente", "actually"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish word actualmente means nowadays or at the present time."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo is used before masculine adjectives to make them into nouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo antiguo", "lo histórico", "lo mejor", "the ancient", "the historic", "the best"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunción"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0232-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["6. Sabemos que a ella no le", "7. Lo sentimos que Uds. no", "mañana. (ir)", "8. Es posible que", "(haber)", "9. Espero que ellos", "_ practicar. (gustar)", "a la conferencia", "mucha gente interesante.", "en su casa cuando yo", "_ (estar/llegar)", "10. Cuando Linda", "siempre. (ir)", "11. María quiere que Pedro", "12. Por mucho que yo", "13. Ojalá que Uds.", "14. Ella quiere que tú la", "(visitar)", "15. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que _", "quiere hacer? (poder)", "16. La madre quiere que los niños", "17. Ella insiste en que ellos", "(hacer)", "18. Se alegran de que Uds.", "Uds.", "19. ¿Por qué dudas que Rosa y Reinaldo", "noviembre? (casarse)", "20.", "Te aconsejo que", "(ir)", "21.", "Pensamos que tú", "para llegar a tiempo. (deber)", "22.", "Carmen piensa que su amigo", "(necesitar)", "de vacaciones, ella se relaja", "_ a sus padres. (conocer)", "_, no pierdo peso. (nadar)", "pronto. (volver)", "el primero de mayo.", "hacer todo lo que", "la mesa. (poner)", "la tarea antes de jugar.", "_ mejor. Esperan que", "_ bien y contentos. (sentirse/estar)", "en", "al dentista tres veces por año.", "_ despertarte más temprano", "un buen carro.", "Exercise 13.9"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf", "bookPage": 232, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, o is replaced by u before words beginning with o or ho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel debe quedarse en Italia o es mejor que regrese a los Estados Unidos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Se da cuenta ella que es la primera vez que menciona el nombre de una amiga o un amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Que parte de su viaje le gusta más a Isabel?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Piensa Ud. que hay un cambio en Isabel desde el primer cuento hasta el último?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch14", "number": 14, "title": "The Preterit Tense", "part": 3, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses an action or actions completed in the past. The English translation is usually the simple past (for example, I sang). The preterit is used to express the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Actions completed in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A series of completed actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Conditions no longer in effect"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs are considered regular if there is no change in the stem. Most verbs are regular in the preterit. This tense is formed by adding the preterit endings to the stem of the infinitive of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only 17 basic irregular verbs in the preterit. Compound forms of these verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some -ir verbs have a stem change in the third person of the preterit, but these verbs are not considered irregular."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate a regular -ar verb in the preterit tense, drop the ending and add -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron to the stem. All -ar verbs except andar, dar, and estar are regular in the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar", "yo ayudé", "tú ayudaste", "Ud. ayudó", "nosotros ayudamos", "vosotros ayudasteis", "Uds. ayudaron", "cantar", "yo canté", "tú cantaste", "él cantó", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantasteis", "ellos cantaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 235, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pensar", "yo pensé", "tú pensaste", "ella pensó", "nosotros pensamos", "vosotros pensasteis", "ellas pensaron", "trabajar", "yo trabajé", "nosotros trabajamos", "tú trabajaste vosotros trabajasteis", "Ud. trabajó Uds. trabajaron", "recordar", "yo recordé", "nosotros recordamos", "tú recordaste", "vosotros recordasteis", "ella recordó", "ellas recordaron", "viajar", "yo viajé", "tú viajaste", "Ud. viajó", "nosotros viajamos", "vosotros viajasteis", "Uds. viajaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 236, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In -ar verbs, the first-person plural preterit nosotros form is identical to the present indicative nosotros form. Whether a particular verb is in the present or the past becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms carry written accents. It is very important to practice the pronunciation and to stress the accented syllable. Pronounce the verbs in this way: yo canté, tú cantaste, el cantó, nosotros cantamos, vosotros cantasteis, ellos cantaron. Review the basic pronunciation rules: All words that end in n, s, or any vowel have the stress on the second to last, or penultimate, syllable."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-Er Verbs", "comer", "yo comí", "tú comiste", "él comió", "ver", "yo vi", "tú viste", "Ud vio", "nosotros comimos", "vosotros comisteis", "ellos comieron", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "Uds vieron", "entender", "yo entendí", "tú entendiste", "ella entendió", "nosotros entendimos", "vosotros entendisteis", "ellas entendieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 236, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the verb ver is regular. It does not carry an accent mark on the third-person singular, vio, because the form has only one syllable."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir", "yo compartí", "tú compartiste", "él compartió", "descubrir", "yo descubrí", "tú descubriste", "Ud. descubrió", "nosotros compartimos", "vosotros compartisteis", "ellos compartieron", "nosotros descubrimos", "vosotros descubristeis", "Uds descubrieron", "salir", "yo salí", "tú saliste", "nosotros salimos", "vosotros salisteis", "ellas salieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 237, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In -ir verbs, the nosotros form of the preterit is identical to the present indicative nosotros form. Its meaning becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0237-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["anoche", "ayer", "anteayer", "hace", "hace (dos días)", "pasado", "la semana pasada", "el mes pasado", "el año pasado", "last night", "yesterday", "the day before yesterday", "ago (when it is used before a period", "of time in the past)", "(two days) ago", "past, last", "last week", "last month", "last year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 237, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.1", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella ___________________ la puerta. (abrir)", "2. Yo ___________________ la ventana. (cerrar)", "3. Nosotros ___________________ a México hace ocho meses. (viajar)", "4. Anoche, el niño ___________________ televisión por dos horas. (mirar)", "5. Ayer, yo ___________________ a mi amigo, y lo ___________________ a tomar unas cervezas conmigo. (visitar/invitar)", "6. Anteayer, ___________________ a llover y ___________________ hasta las nueve de la noche. (empezar/llover)", "7. Ellas ___________________ a casa y ___________________ las canciones de Celia Cruz. (regresar/escuchar)", "8. A ellos les ___________________ la película. (gustar)", "9. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Ud. anoche? (acostarse)", "10. Esta mañana a las once ___________________ el teléfono. (sonar)", "11. Anoche, ella ___________________ con un hombre elegante. (soñar)", "12. Yo ___________________ un elefante en la calle. (ver)", "13. Nosotros ___________________ mucho en la fiesta anoche. (divertirse)", "14. Ella le ___________________ al hombre un vaso de agua. (ofrecer)", "15. Ellos me ___________________ con la pronunciación. (ayudar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "abrió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "cerré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "viajamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "miró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "visité, invité", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "empezó, llovió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "regresaron, escucharon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se acostó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sonó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "soñó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vi", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "ofreció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ayudaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.1 1. abrió 2. cerré 3. viajamos 4. miró 5. visité, invité 6. empezó, llovió 7. regresaron, escucharon 8. gustó 9. se acostó 10. sonó 11. soñó 12. vi 13. nos divertimos 14. ofreció 15. ayudaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "abrió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "cerré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "viajamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "miró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "visité, invité", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "empezó, llovió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "regresaron, escucharon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se acostó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sonó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "soñó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vi", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "ofreció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ayudaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. abrió 2. cerré 3. viajamos 4. miró 5. visité, invité 6. empezó, llovió 7. regresaron, escucharon 8. gustó 9. se acostó 10. sonó 11. soñó 12. vi 13. nos divertimos 14. ofreció 15. ayudaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Always keep in mind that the action or actions expressed by the preterit are over. It doesn’t make any difference how long the action went on before; the action has a definite end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express an Action Completed in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0238-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Anoche, ella cantó una canción", "triste.", "Ayer, yo estudié por dos horas.", "Anteayer, escribimos dos cartas.", "Last night, she sang a sad song.", "Yesterday, I studied for two hours.", "The day before yesterday, we wrote", "two letters.", "La semana pasada, él me llamó", "Last week, he called me on the", "por teléfono.", "El año pasado, ¿compró Ud. una", "phone.", "Last year, did you buy a new house?", "casa nueva?", "¿Perdiste tus llaves esta mañana? Did you lose your keys this morningi", "¿Por qué no cocinaron Uds.", "Why didn't you cook last night?", "anoche?", "Ellos salieron hace tres horas.", "They left three hours ago."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 238, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No vimos a nadie.", "No me prestaron dinero.", "Yo no les enseñé a los estudiantes", "a nadar.", "Samuel jugó al tenis.", "Ella lo amó mucho, ¿verdad?", "We didn't see anyone.", "They didn't lend me money.", "I didn't teach the students to", "swim.", "Samuel played tennis.", "She loved him a lot, right?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Series of Completed Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Anoche en la fiesta, bailamos,", "cantamos y hablamos.", "El domingo pasado, ellos", "corrieron en el maratón,", "descansaron y comieron.", "Él se despertó, se lavó y se afeitó.", "Caminé a la tienda, compré", "lechuga y tomates, saludé", "a los dueños y salí.", "Last night at the party, we", "danced, we sang, and we talked", "Last Sunday, they ran in the", "marathon, rested, and ate.", "He got up, washed, and shaved.", "I walked to the store, bought", "lettuce and tomatoes, greeted", "the owners, and left."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Condition That Is No Longer in Effect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te sentiste mal la semana", "pasada?", "Me sentí bien la semana pasada,", "pero me siento mal hoy.", "A Miguel le dolió todo el cuerpo", "ayer, pero hoy está bien.", "Did you feel ill last week?", "I felt well last week, but I feel bad", "today.", "Yesterday, Michael had pain in", "his whole body, but today he", "is fine."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.2", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite each of the following sentences in the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Me gusta viajar. ___________________", "2. Cada mañana, leo un periódico. Ayer, yo___________________", "3. Ellos cierran la puerta del apartamento. Anoche, ellos___________________", "4. Les ofrezco ayuda. ___________________", "5. ¿Por qué vuelves tú tarde? ¿Por qué___________________", "6. Los niños no se callan. Anoche, ellos___________________", "7. Leonora no se acuerda de la idea. La semana pasada___________________", "8. La película empieza a las ocho. Anoche,___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Me gustó viajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "leí un periódico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cerraron la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Les ofrecí ayuda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "volviste tarde?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "no se callaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se acordó de la idea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "empezó a las ocho", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.2 1. Me gustó viajar. 2. leí un periódico. 3. cerraron la puerta. 4. Les ofrecí ayuda. 5. volviste tarde? 6. no se callaron. 7. se acordó de la idea. 8. empezó a las ocho.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Me gustó viajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "leí un periódico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cerraron la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Les ofrecí ayuda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "volviste tarde?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "no se callaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se acordó de la idea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "empezó a las ocho", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Me gustó viajar. 2. leí un periódico. 3. cerraron la puerta. 4. Les ofrecí ayuda. 5. volviste tarde? 6. no se callaron. 7. se acordó de la idea. 8. empezó a las ocho."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to memorize all the irregular verbs. Once you do, you will be able to use any verb you wish in the preterit."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs in the preterit have an irregular stem and a special set of endings. Note that the endings do not carry accent marks. In order to conjugate an irregular verb in the preterit, add the endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the irregular stems."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar", "yo anduve", "tú anduviste", "él anduvo", "estar", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "Ud. estuvo", "poder", "yo pude", "tú pudiste", "Ud. pudo", "querer", "yo quise", "tú quisiste", "ella quiso", "tener", "yo tuve", "tú tuviste", "él tuvo", "nosotros anduvimos", "vosotros anduvisteis", "ellos anduvieron", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "Uds. estuvieron", "nosotros pudimos", "vosotros pudisteis", "Uds. pudieron", "nosotros quisimos", "vosotros quisisteis", "ellas quisieron", "nosotros tuvimos", "vosotros tuvisteis", "ellos tuvieron", "caber", "yo cupe", "nosotros cupimos", "tú cupiste", "vosotros cupisteis", "ella cupo", "ellas cupieron", "hacer", "yo hice", "tú hiciste", "él hizo", "nosotros hicimos", "vosotros hicisteis", "ellos hicieron", "poner", "yo puse", "tú pusiste", "él puso", "nosotros pusimos", "vosotros pusisteis", "ellos pusieron", "saber", "yo supe", "tú supiste", "Ud. supo", "nosotros supimos", "vosotros supisteis", "Uds. supieron", "venir", "yo vine", "tú viniste", "él vino", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros vinisteis", "ellos vinieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 240, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "yo dije", "tú dijiste", "ella dijo", "traer", "yo traje", "tú trajiste", "él trajo", "osotros dijimo", "osotros dijistei:", "ellas dijeron", "nosotros trajimos", "vosotros trajisteis", "ellos trajeron", "producir", "yo produje", "tú produjiste", "Ud. produjo", "losotros produjimo", "osotros produjisteis", "Uds. produjeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dar, ir, and ser have slightly different endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "yo di", "tú diste", "ella dio", "ser", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "el fin", "nosotros dimos", "vosotros disteis", "ellas dieron", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "ellos fueron", "ir", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "Ud. fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "Uds. fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9190475827171689, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugations for ir and ser are identical in the preterit. The meaning is clarified in context, as in the following examples."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella fue doctora.", "Ella fue a la tienda.", "She was a doctor.", "She went to the store"], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Haber is used to express English there was, there were, was there?, were there? The third-person singular preterit form hubo is used with both singular and plural subjects."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following about the irregular preterit verbs above."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Hizo (the third-person singular of hacer) shows the spelling change c > z to maintain the sound of /s/."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Irregular preterits whose stem ends in j have -eron, not -ieron, in the third-person plural, for example, dijeron, trajeron."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0242-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "hacer", "deshacer", "contradecir to contradict", "poner", "componer", "proponer", "tener", "contener", "detener", "mantener", "producir", "conducir", "traducir", "traer", "atraer", "distraer", "venir", "prevenir", "to undo", "to compose", "to propose", "to contain", "to detain", "to maintain", "to drive", "to translate", "to attract", "to distract", "to prevent", "contradije, etc", "deshice, etc.", "compuse, etc.", "propuse, etc.", "contuve, etc.", "detuve, etc.", "mantuve, etc.", "conduje, etc.", "traduje, etc.", "atraje, etc.", "distraje, etc.", "previne, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 242, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are some examples of irregular verbs in the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0242-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pedro y Jorge anduvieron en", "las montañas por dos días.", "¿Hicieron Ud. su tarea para hoy?", "Tuve una cita con el dentista,", "pero no fui.", "¿Por qué no vino Ud. a mi fiesta", "anoche?", "¿Quién le dijo a Sofía la verdad?", "Los estudiantes produjeron su", "propia obra de teatro.", "Le trajimos una bicicleta al niño.", "Miguel le dio a su novia un anillo.", "Peter and George walked in the", "mountains for two days.", "Did you do your homework for", "today?", "I had an appointment with the", "dentist, but I didn't go.", "Why didn't you come to my party", "last night?", "Who told Sophie the truth?", "The students produced their own", "play.", "We brought the child a bicycle.", "Michael gave a ring to his", "girlfriend."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 242, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0243-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["En mil novecientos ochenta,", "Nestor fue músico. Ahora él", "es maestro.", "In 1980, Nestor was a musician", "Now he is a teacher."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 243, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.3", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the preterit form of the verb. Try to memorize the irregular verbs as you do the exercise.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué me ___________________ Ud. anoche? No le ___________________ nada. (decir/decir)", "2. Nosotros no ___________________ nada ayer. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds.? (hacer/hacer)", "3. ¿Por qué me ___________________ tú tantos regalos. No tengo nada para ___________________ a ti. (dar/dar)", "4. ___________________ una fiesta ayer. (haber)", "5. Yo ___________________ vino a la fiesta. Mis amigos no ___________________ nada. (traer/traer)", "6. Los niños ___________________ los platos sucios en el horno. Su mamá los sacó del horno y los ___________________ en el lavaplatos. (poner/poner)", "7. Yo ___________________ en el banco a las nueve esta mañana. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds.? (estar/estar)", "8. Él ___________________ un accidente en carro ayer. Yo no ___________________ nunca un accidente. (tener/tener)", "9. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Uds. a la biblioteca? Nosotros ___________________ a las cuatro. (ir/ir)", "10. Él ___________________ pintor; ahora es abogado. Yo ___________________ camarera; ahora soy actriz. (ser/ser)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ Uds. a mi casa en tren? ¿Cómo ___________________ Beatriz? (venir/venir)", "12. Nosotros ___________________ lentamente a la escuela. Nuestros maestros ___________________ rápidamente. (andar/andar)", "13. Yo ___________________ una obra de teatro hace un año. (producir)", "14. Once payasos _______________ en el carro del circo esta mañana. (caber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "dijo, dije", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hicimos, hicieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "diste, darte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Hubo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "traje, trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pusieron, puso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuve, estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tuvo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fueron, fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "vinieron, vino", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "anduvimos, anduvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "produje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.3 1. dijo, dije 2. hicimos, hicieron 3. diste, darte 4. Hubo 5. traje, trajeron 6. pusieron, puso 7. estuve, estuvieron 8. tuvo, tuve 9. fueron, fuimos 10. fue, fui 11. vinieron, vino 12. anduvimos, anduvieron 13. produje 14. cupieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "dijo, dije", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hicimos, hicieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "diste, darte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Hubo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "traje, trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pusieron, puso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuve, estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tuvo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fueron, fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "vinieron, vino", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "anduvimos, anduvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "produje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. dijo, dije 2. hicimos, hicieron 3. diste, darte 4. Hubo 5. traje, trajeron 6. pusieron, puso 7. estuve, estuvieron 8. tuvo, tuve 9. fueron, fuimos 10. fue, fui 11. vinieron, vino 12. anduvimos, anduvieron 13. produje 14. cupieron"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.4", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans4", "instruction": "Review the conjugations for the irregular verbs, and complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each irregular verb only one time.", "extra": ["andar, caber, dar, decir, estar, haber, hacer, ir, poder, poner, producir, querer, saber, ser, tener, traer, venir"], "prompts": ["1. El hombre trató de meter todos sus libros en su carro, pero no ___________________ en el carro pequeño.", "2. Empezó a llover y la hija le ___________________ a su madre un paraguas.", "3. Ayer ___________________ un día de mucha lluvia; hace buen tiempo hoy.", "4. Los viajeros no ___________________ salir del país sin su pasaporte; se quedaron en los Estados Unidos.", "5. Ella no ___________________ subir la pirámide. Sus amigos subieron sin ella.", "6. Nosotros ___________________ a ver una película popular pero no nos gustó.", "7. Nosotros ___________________ hacia el parque. Miramos la puesta del sol y salimos.", "8. El paciente ___________________ en la oficina del doctor precisamente a las siete y media de la mañana.", "9. Yo ___________________ mis llaves en el carro en vez de ponerlas en mi bolsillo.", "10. La muchacha se despertó y le ___________________ a su hermana, “___________________ un mal sueño.”", "11. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú una cita con tu dentista la semana pasada?", "12. Hubo un ataque terrorista ayer. Nosotros lo ___________________ hoy.", "13. El papá les ___________________ muchos regalos a sus hijos porque los quiere mucho.", "14. ¿Quién ___________________ aquella obra de arte? Es horrible.", "15. Mis primos y mis sobrinos ___________________ a verme hace dos días.", "16. El sábado pasado, ___________________ una fiesta en el club."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "trajo/dio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quiso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "anduvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "puse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "hiciste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "supimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "dio/trajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "produjo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "vinieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hubo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.4 1. cupieron 2. trajo/dio 3. fue 4. pudieron 5. quiso 6. fuimos 7. anduvimos 8. estuvo 9. puse 10. dijo, tuve 11. hiciste 12. supimos 13. dio/trajo 14. produjo 15. vinieron 16. hubo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "trajo/dio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quiso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "anduvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "puse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "hiciste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "supimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "dio/trajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "produjo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "vinieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hubo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cupieron 2. trajo/dio 3. fue 4. pudieron 5. quiso 6. fuimos 7. anduvimos 8. estuvo 9. puse 10. dijo, tuve 11. hiciste 12. supimos 13. dio/trajo 14. produjo 15. vinieron 16. hubo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.5", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using only ser, ir, irse, and estar in the preterit, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella es profesora hoy, pero antes ___________________ azafata.", "2. Yo ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ muy contentos ayer porque nos ganamos la lotería.", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ tan rápido sin despedirte de nosotros?", "5. Ellos ___________________ al supermercado hoy a comprar alimentos.", "6. La semana pasada, Raúl ___________________ en México. Regresó a casa ayer.", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ enfermos anteayer, pero están bien hoy.", "8. ___________________ una buena idea.", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ la familia de Federico esta tarde?", "10. ¿Quién ___________________ a la librería a las nueve y media esta mañana?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te fuiste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.5 1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. te fuiste 5. fueron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. fue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te fuiste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. te fuiste 5. fueron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. fue"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.6", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions orally in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo no hice nada anoche. ¿Qué hicieron Uds.?", "2. ¿Le gusta comer? ¿Cocinó anoche?", "3. ¿A qué hora te acostaste anoche? ¿A qué hora te despertaste esta mañana?", "4. ¿Quién fue el presidente en el año mil novecientos noventa y seis?", "5. ¿Vio Ud. a sus amigos ayer?", "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que Cristóbal Colón descubrió América?", "7. ¿Hizo sol ayer?", "8. ¿Por qué decidieron Uds. asistir a clases de español?", "9. ¿Dónde nació Ud.?", "10. ¿Quién bailó contigo la semana pasada?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "14.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that are irregular in the present indicative have a stem change in the preterit. This stem change occurs only in the third-person singular and plural forms of the preterit."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > ie in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "divertirse", "mentir", "preferir", "sentirse", "sugerir", "Present Indicative", "me divierto", "yo miento", "yo prefiero", "me siento", "yo sugiero", "Preterit", "me divertí", "te divertiste", "se divirtió", "yo mentí", "tú mentiste", "él mintió", "yo preferí", "tú preferiste", "Ud. prefirió", "me sentí", "te sentiste", "se sintió", "yo sugerí", "tú sugeriste", "ella sugirió", "nos divertimos", "os divertisteis", "se divirtieron", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentisteis", "ellos mintieron", "nosotros preferimos", "vosotros preferisteis", "Uds. prefirieron", "nos sentimos", "os sentisteis", "se sintieron", "nosotros sugerimos", "vosotros sugeristeis", "ellas sugirieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9767441860465116, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 246, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "corregir", "despedirse", "pedir", "Present Indicative", "Preterit", "yo corrijo", "yo corregí", "tú corregiste", "ella corrigió", "me despido", "me despedí", "te despediste", "se despidió", "yo pido", "yo pedí", "tú pediste", "Ud. pidió", "nosotros corregimos", "vosotros corregisteis", "ellas corrigieron", "nos despedimos", "os despedisteis", "se despidieron", "nosotros pedimos", "vosotros pedisteis", "Uds. pidieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 246, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["reírse", "repetir", "seguir", "servir", "sonreír", "vestirse", "me río", "yo repito", "yo sigo", "yo sirvo", "yo sonrío", "me visto", "me reí", "te reíste", "se rió", "yo repeti", "tú repetiste", "Ud. repitió", "yo seguí", "tú seguiste", "él siguió", "yo serví", "tú serviste", "Ud. sirvió", "yo sonreí", "tú sonreíste", "él sonrió", "me vestí", "te vestiste", "se vistió", "nos reímos", "os reísteis", "se rieron", "nosotros repetimos", "vosotros repetisteis", "Uds. repitieron", "nosotros seguimos", "vosotros seguisteis", "ellos siguieron", "nosotros servimos", "vosotros servisteis", "Uds. sirvieron", "nosotros sonreímos", "vosotros sonreísteis", "ellos sonrieron", "nos vestimos", "os vestisteis", "se vistieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 247, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "o > ue in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "o > u in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dormir", "morir", "Present Indicative", "yo duermo", "yo muero", "Preterit", "yo dormí", "tú dormiste", "ella durmió", "yo morí", "tú moriste", "nosotros dormimos", "vosotros dormisteis", "ellas durmieron", "nosotros morimos", "vosotros moristeis", "ellos murieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 247, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.7", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Anoche, el niño ___________________ nueve horas. (dormir)", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ Uds. las instrucciones? (seguir)", "3. Yo ___________________ quedarme en un hotel de lujo; ella ___________________ quedarse también; él ___________________ irse. (preferir/preferir/preferir)", "4. Anoche, su novio ___________________ de ella por última vez. (despedirse)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ mucho en la fiesta. Nuestros amigos no ___________________ nada y se fueron. (divertirse/divertirse)", "6. Siempre la mujer elegante se viste bien, pero ayer ella no ___________________ bien y ___________________ mal. (sentirse/vestirse)", "7. Su sobrino ___________________ ayer. Él lo supo hoy. (morirse)", "8. Anoche fuimos a un buen restaurante. Nos ___________________ una mariscada en salsa verde. (servir)", "9. Casi nunca miento. Pero ayer, ___________________. Estuve con unas amigas y ellas ___________________ también. (mentir/mentir)", "10. La niña ___________________; con su sonrisa el mundo se alegró. (sonreír)", "11. No sé porque el hombre ___________________. Yo no vi nada cómico. (reírse)", "12. La estudiante aplicada ___________________ la lección para entenderla bien. (repetir)", "13. Sus maestros les ___________________ la gramática. (corregir)", "14. Yo ___________________ bien ayer. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? (sentirse/sentirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "durmió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "siguieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "preferí, prefirió, prefirió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se despidió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos divertimos, se divirtieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se sintió, se vistió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se murió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sirvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "mentí, mintieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sonrió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "se rió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "repitió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "corrigieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "me sentí, se sintieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.7 1. durmió 2. siguieron 3. preferí, prefirió, prefirió 4. se despidió 5. nos divertimos, se divirtieron 6. se sintió, se vistió 7. se murió 8. sirvieron 9. mentí, mintieron 10. sonrió 11. se rió 12. repitió 13. corrigieron 14. me sentí, se sintieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "durmió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "siguieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "preferí, prefirió, prefirió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se despidió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos divertimos, se divirtieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se sintió, se vistió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se murió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sirvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "mentí, mintieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sonrió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "se rió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "repitió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "corrigieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "me sentí, se sintieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. durmió 2. siguieron 3. preferí, prefirió, prefirió 4. se despidió 5. nos divertimos, se divirtieron 6. se sintió, se vistió 7. se murió 8. sirvieron 9. mentí, mintieron 10. sonrió 11. se rió 12. repitió 13. corrigieron 14. me sentí, se sintieron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the necessary sound. Only verbs in the yo form are affected by the spelling changes in the preterit of -ar verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0248-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apagar", "yo apagué", "tú apagaste", "él apagó", "nosotros apagamos", "vosotros apagasteis", "ellos apagaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 248, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar", "comenzar", "explicar", "llegar", "tocar", "yo busqué", "tú buscaste", "ella buscó", "yo comencé", "tú comenzaste", "Ud. comenzó", "yo expliqué", "tú explicaste", "él explicó", "yo llegué", "tú llegaste", "ella llegó", "yo toqué", "tú tocaste", "Ud. tocó", "nosotros buscamos", "vosotros buscasteis", "ellas buscaron", "nosotros comenzamos", "vosotros comenzasteis", "Uds. comenzaron", "nosotros explicamos", "vosotros explicasteis", "ellos explicaron", "nosotros llegamos", "vosotros llegasteis", "ellas llegaron", "nosotros tocamos", "vosotros tocasteis", "Uds tocaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 249, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the spelling change z. c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound, as in comenzar, comencé."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Make sure to stress the final sound of the first-person singular (yo form) and the third-person singular (él, ella, Ud. form). Spanish pronunciation is precise, and the tense you use depends on the correct pronunciation. So continue to practice in this way: yo apagué, tú apagaste, él apagó, nosotros apagamos, vosotros apagasteis, ellos apagaron."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are more -ar verbs with spelling changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0249-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-gar", "ahogarse", "cargar", "castigar", "colgar", "entregar", "madrugar", "pegar", "tragar", "vagar", "to drown", "to carry, to load", "to punish", "to hang", "to hand in, to deliver", "to get up early", "to hit, to glue", "to swallow", "to wander"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 249, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0250-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-car", "acercarse", "arrancar", "colocar", "destacar", "justificar", "mascar", "pescar", "publicar", "sacar", "suplicar", "-zar", "alcanzar", "amenazar", "lanzar", "realizar", "rezar", "tropezarse (con)", "to approach", "to pull out, to root out", "to put, to place", "to stick out", "to justify", "to chew", "to fish", "to publish", "to take out", "to beg", "to reach, to overtake", "to threaten", "to throu, to shoot", "to fulfill", "to pray", "to bump into"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 250, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.8", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Me desperté con vértigo y ___________________ con la pared. (tropezarse)", "2. Hace una semana, Laura pagó la cuenta, pero ayer yo la ___________________. (pagar)", "3. El estudiante orgulloso le ___________________ su tarea a la profesora. (entregar)", "4. Nosotros ___________________ de un lado a otro el año pasado. (vagar)", "5. Anoche, yo ___________________ una pintura en la pared. (colgar)", "6. Su papá se enojó anteayer y ___________________ a sus hijos. (castigar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me tropecé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pagué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "entregó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "colgué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "castigó", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.8 1. me tropecé 2. pagué 3. entregó 4. vagamos 5. colgué 6. castigó", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me tropecé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pagué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "entregó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "colgué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "castigó", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me tropecé 2. pagué 3. entregó 4. vagamos 5. colgué 6. castigó"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with spelling changes are not irregular. The spelling changes shown for -er and -ir verbs with stems ending in a vowel avoid the use of three vowels in a row."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with a vowel immediately preceding the infinitive ending change i to y in the third-person singular and plural. In these verbs, there is a written accent over the letter i on the yo, tú, nosotros, and vosotros endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caer", "leer", "oír", "yo caí", "tú caíste", "él cayó", "yo leí", "tú leíste", "ella leyó", "yo oí", "tú oíste", "Ud. oyó", "nosotros caímos", "vosotros caísteis", "ellos cayeron", "nosotros leímos", "vosotros leísteis", "ellas leyeron", "nosotros oímos", "vosotros oísteis", "Uds. oyeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9895833333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note, for example, that the third-person singular of caer is cayó rather than caió."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that end in -uir change i to y; the accent over the i appears only over the first-person singular."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "destruir", "yo construí", "tú construiste", "él construyó", "yo destruí", "tú destruiste", "ella destruyó", "nosotros construimos", "vosotros construisteis", "ellos construyeron", "nosotros destruimos", "vosotros destruisteis", "ellas destruyeron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are more -er and -ir verbs with spelling changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["creer", "concluir", "contribuir", "distribuir", "fluir", "to believe", "to conclude", "to contribute", "to distribute", "to flow", "huir", "incluir", "influir", "poseer", "to flee", "to include", "to influence", "to possess"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9895833333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.9", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre tacaño se puso feliz la primera vez que él ___________________ con dinero. (contribuir)", "2. El niño ___________________ del árbol pero no se lesionó. (caerse)", "3. Mi maestro de la escuela secundaria ___________________ mucho en mi educación. (influir)", "4. Hubo un incendio y todas las personas en la ciudad ___________________. (huir)", "5. Los carpinteros ___________________ dos casas el año pasado. (construir)", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ tú la bicicleta de Susana? (destruir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "contribuyó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se cayó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "influyó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "huyeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "construyeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "destruiste", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.9 1. contribuyó 2. se cayó 3. influyó 4. huyeron 5. construyeron 6. destruiste", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "contribuyó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se cayó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "influyó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "huyeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "construyeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "destruiste", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. contribuyó 2. se cayó 3. influyó 4. huyeron 5. construyeron 6. destruiste"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.10", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I worked a lot yesterday. Last night, I rested.", "2. Last night, we watched television instead of studying.", "3. I gave him my dog; he gave me nothing.", "4. She read her friend’s letter a month ago.", "5. We received the package a week ago.", "6. What did you say to her? I told you that he died last year.", "7. The children went to bed at nine o’clock last night.", "8. I saw your sister yesterday."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Recibimos el paquete hace una semana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Vi a su hermana ayer", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.10 1. Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé. 2. Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar. 3. Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada. 4. Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes. 5. Recibimos el paquete hace una semana. 6. ¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió. 7. Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche. 8. Vi a su hermana ayer.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Recibimos el paquete hace una semana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Vi a su hermana ayer", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé. 2. Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar. 3. Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada. 4. Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes. 5. Recibimos el paquete hace una semana. 6. ¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió. 7. Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche. 8. Vi a su hermana ayer."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Special Meanings in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0253-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Meaning in the Preterit", "conocer to know, to be acquainted with", "¿Dónde conociste a tu novio?", "Lo conocí en España.", "¿ Cuándo conocieron Uds.", "Where did you meet your", "boyfriend?", "I met him in Spain.", "When did you meet Pauline?", "a Paulina?", "La conocimos hace tres años.", "We met her three years ago.", "saber to know a fact, to know how to do something", "Ella tuvo un accidente ayer.", "She had an accident yesterday.", "Lo supe hoy.", "I found out today.", "No nos dijeron nada pero", "They didn't tell us anything but we", "supimos la verdad.", "found out the truth.", "no querer not to want", "Ella no quiso bajar en el", "ascensor.", "El niño no quiso comer:", "no poder not to be able", "Hubo un incendio y la gente", "no pudo salir.", "She refused to go down in the", "elevator.", "The child refused to eat.", "There was a fire and the people", "failed to leave."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 253, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses an action completed in the past. These translations are as close as possible to transmitting the idea of the sentence. No querer means not to want. But in the preterit, the action is over, so the concept is stronger than she didn’t want to go down in the elevator. She didn’t want to, and she didn’t; therefore, she refused. Similarly, no poder means not to be able. But in the preterit, the people were not able to leave, and the action is completed; therefore, they didn’t manage to leave, or failed to leave."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.11", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": ["A Word About the Preterit", "Practice and study. Learn the irregular verbs and the regular verbs. Pronounce all regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs aloud as much as you can. Use the verb lists in this chapter as reference, and use the verbs as you need them. Spend at least a week on the preterit to learn the form and the concept."], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ en el apartamento a las ocho anoche. (entrar)", "2. Nosotros ___________________ un chocolate caliente. (tomar)", "3. Ellos ___________________ a las once. Yo ___________________ a la una. (dormirse/dormirse)", "4. ¿Me ___________________ Uds. ayer? Yo no los ___________________. (ver/ver)", "5. ___________________ a nevar a las siete esta mañana. (empezar)", "6. ___________________ mucho sol ayer. (hacer)", "7. El taxista le ___________________ a mi primo veinte pesos. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "8. Nosotros les ___________________ a nuestros parientes dos tarjetas, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "9. El trabajador ___________________ temprano esta mañana. (despertarse)", "10. ¿ ___________________ tú las llaves? (encontrar)", "11. Yo no ___________________ bajar en el ascensor. (querer)", "12. Cuando él ___________________ joven, él ___________________ un buen deportista. (ser/ser)", "13. ¿Por qué no me ___________________ Ud. la verdad? (decir)", "14. La tarea fue difícil, pero los estudiantes la ___________________ hacer. (poder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "entré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tomamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se durmieron, me dormí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vieron, vi", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Empezó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Hizo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se despertó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Encontraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quise", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "fue, fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.11 1. entré 2. tomamos 3. se durmieron, me dormí 4. vieron, vi 5. Empezó 6. Hizo 7. cobró, cobró 8. escribimos, recibieron 9. se despertó 10. Encontraste 11. quise 12. fue, fue 13. dijo 14. pudieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "entré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tomamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se durmieron, me dormí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vieron, vi", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Empezó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Hizo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se despertó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Encontraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quise", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "fue, fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. entré 2. tomamos 3. se durmieron, me dormí 4. vieron, vi 5. Empezó 6. Hizo 7. cobró, cobró 8. escribimos, recibieron 9. se despertó 10. Encontraste 11. quise 12. fue, fue 13. dijo 14. pudieron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estimados lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que Uds. lean con cuidado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En la corte (primera escena)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La escena tiene lugar en 399 b.c. en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501 ciudadanos. El acusado entra y empieza a hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Tengo setenta años y es la primera vez que me ven en la corte. ¿Cuál es la primera acusación contra mí?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Ud. es culpable de investigar bajo la tierra y en el cielo y de enseñarles a otros las mismas cosas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO No tengo nada que ver con estas acusaciones y nada de esto es verdad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Pero, ¿cuál es el problema, entonces? ¿Por qué hay tantos prejuicios contra Ud. si dice que no hace nada diferente de los demás? Nos puede decir Ud. lo que es, para que le demos un veredicto justo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Bueno. Voy a decirles toda la verdad. Me dan esta reputación por cierta sabiduría que tengo. Menciono el dios de Delfos para que él sea mi testigo. ¿Se acuerdan Uds. de Querefón? Él fue al dios de Delfos y le preguntó si hay una persona más sabia que yo. El dios contestó que no hay nadie. Pero, ¿qué significa la idea de que yo soy el hombre más sagaz de todos? Me tocó investigar la cuestión. Yo fui a ver a un hombre que tiene la reputación de ser sagaz. Lo examiné. No es necesario que les diga su nombre, él es un político, y esto es el resultado."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "adivinar", "intentar", "Nombres", "los acontecimientos", "el ciudadano", "la clave", "to guess", "to intend, to try", "the events", "the citizen", "the key, the code"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 255, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0256-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la corte", "la cuestión", "los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el veredicto", "the court", "the issue", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the perdict"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 11, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 256, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0256-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["justo", "principal", "sabio", "sagaz", "siguiente", "fair, just", "main, principal", "wise", "wise, dever", "following"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 256, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En que sitio empieza la acción?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos años tiene el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es la acusación contra él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué hizo el acusado después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de todos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch15", "number": 15, "title": "The Imperfect Tense", "part": 3, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses an action or actions in the past that are not seen as completed. The imperfect is used in the following ways."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To “set the stage” in the past; to express a narration, situation, or background in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express habitual, customary, or repeated actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express continuous actions or actions in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express a description in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express point of origin in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express time in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express one’s age in the past"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Almost all verbs are regular in the imperfect tense. The tense is formed by adding the imperfect endings to the stem of the -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate an - ar verb in the imperfect tense, drop the ending and add -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban to the stem. Note that the first- and third-person singular forms (yo, él / ella / Ud.) are identical in the imperfect. There are no irregular -ar verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0257-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acompañar", "yo acompañaba", "tú acompañabas", "él acompañaba", "nosotros acompañábamos", "vosotros acompañabais", "ellos acompañaban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 257, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0258-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "yo daba", "tú dabas", "ella daba", "estar", "yo estaba", "tú estabas", "Ud. estaba", "hablar", "yo hablaba", "tú hablabas", "él hablaba", "recordar", "yo recordaba", "tú recordabas", "ella recordaba", "trabajar", "yo trabajaba", "tú trabajabas", "Ud. trabajaba", "nosotros dábamos", "vosotros dabais", "ellas daban", "nosotros estábamos", "vosotros estabais", "Uds. estaban", "nosotros hablábamos", "vosotros hablabais", "ellos hablaban", "nosotros recordábamos", "vosotros recordabais", "ellas recordaban", "nosotros trabajábamos", "vosotros trabajabais", "Uds. trabajaban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 258, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the pronunciation of the imperfect -ar verbs. There are one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and four-syllable verbs. Be sure to pronounce the imperfect in this way: yo trabajaba, tú trabajabas, él trabajaba, nosotros trabajábamos, vosotros trabajabais, ellos trabajaban."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entender", "yo entendía", "nosotros entendíamos", "tú entendías", "vosotros entendíais", "él entendía", "ellos entendían", "poder", "yo podía", "tú podías", "Ud. podía", "nosotros podíamos", "vosotros podíais", "Uds. podían", "saber", "yo sabía", "tú sabías", "nosotros sabíamos", "vosotros sabíais", "ella sabia", "hacer", "yo hacía", "tú hacías", "ella hacía", "nosotros hacíamos", "vosotros hacíais", "ellas hacían", "querer", "yo quería", "nosotros queríamos", "tú querías", "vosotros queríais", "él quería", "ellos querían", "tener", "yo tenía", "nosotros teníamos", "tú tenías", "vosotros teníais", "Ud tenía", "Uds tenían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Haber is used to express English there was, there were, was there?, were there? The third-person singular imperfect form había is used with both singular and plural subjects."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "yo decía", "tú decías", "él decía", "sentirse", "me sentía", "te sentías", "Ud. se sentía", "nosotros decíamos", "vosotros decíais", "ellos decían", "nos sentíamos", "os sentíais", "Uds. se sentían", "divertirse", "me divertía", "nos divertíamos", "te divertías", "os divertíais", "ella se divertía ellas se divertían", "venir", "yo venía", "tú venías", "él venía", "nosotros veníamos", "vosotros veníais", "ellos venían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir", "yo iba", "tú ibas", "nosotros íbamos", "vosotros ibais", "ellos iban", "ser", "yo era", "tú eras", "ella n", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellas eran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ver", "yo veía", "tú veías", "nosotros veíamos", "vosotros veíais", "Uds veian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of ir in the imperfect is was going, were going."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iba a hablar.", "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "un carro nuevo", "I was going to speak.", "We were going to buy a new car"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses actions in the past that are not seen as completed. It is used to indicate situations or actions in the past with no specific reference to their beginning or end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To “Set the Stage” in the Past; to Express a Narration, Situation, or Background"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El sol brillaba y los pájaros", "cantaban.", "La luna alumbraba el río y los", "pescadores lanzaban sus redes.", "Había un silencio profundo en el", "bosque; ya caía la noche.", "No había nadie en la casa.", "Los ladrones esperaban afuera.", "The sun was shining and the birds", "were singing.", "The moon lit up the river and the", "fishermen were throwing out", "their nets.", "There was a profound silence in the", "forest; night was already falling.", "There was no one in the house.", "The thieves were waiting outside"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Habitual, Customary, or Repeated Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Todos los veranos, yo jugaba", "al tenis con mis amigos.", "Todos los días, Paulina y yo", "almorzábamos a la una de la", "tarde.", "Cada noche, antes de dormirse,", "el viejo ponía sus dientes en", "un vaso de agua.", "Every summer, I used to play", "tennis with my friends.", "Every day, Pauline and I used to", "have lunch at one o'clock in the", "afternoon.", "Each night, before going to sleep,", "the old man put his teeth in", "a glass of water."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Read the example sentences again, and try to understand the concepts without the translations. Try to imagine these examples as scenes: they are situations, narrations in the past; they are backgrounds; they “set the stage.” The English translations are not precise or consistent in the imperfect. Make sure you understand this important concept and choose whichever translation or idea is clearest for you."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Continuous Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Marisol cuidaba su jardín", "mientras sus nietos jugaban.", "Eduardo bailaba y su novia", "cantaba.", "Ella buscaba sus llaves cuando", "el teléfono sonó.", "Ella iba a contestar pero escuchó", "un sonido en la puerta.", "Yo hablaba cuando mi profesor", "me interrumpió.", "Marisol was taking care of her", "garden while her grandchildren", "were playing.", "Ed was dancing and his girlfriend", "was singing.", "She was looking for her keys when", "the telephone rang.", "She was going to answer but she", "heard a sound at the door.", "I was speaking when my professor", "interrupted me."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that in the last three example sentences above, both the imperfect and the preterit tenses are used. The first part of the sentence is the ongoing action, the action in progress. The second part of the sentence, which requires the preterit, is a completed action. Here, the imperfect is used as a continuous action that is interrupted by another action."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Description in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La casa era blanca.", "La comida estaba buena.", "Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero", "tenía el pelo negro.", "The house was white.", "The meal was good.", "Our neighbor was old, but he had", "black hair."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Point of Origin in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre era de Perú.", "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", "The man was from Peru.", "His friends were from Chile", "The red flowers were from", "Bolivia"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Time in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0262-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "a la tienda por última vez.", "¿ Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde.", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "It was five o'clock and Fred was", "going to the store for the last time", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 262, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express One’s Age in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0262-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tenía veinte años cuando", "se graduó de la universidad.", "Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco", "años cuando se murió.", "El presidente tenía cincuenta y", "cinco años cuando lo elegimos.", "She was 20 years old when she", "graduated from the university.", "My grandfather was 95 years old", "when he died.", "The president was 55 years old", "when we elected him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 262, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.1", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the imperfect. In the parentheses, write your reason for choosing the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. De niña, Loreta ___________________ pasta cada noche. (comer) (___________________)", "2. Ella ___________________ alta y bonita como su madre. (ser) (___________________)", "3. ¿Por qué ___________________ los niños a la escuela los sábados? (ir) (___________________)", "4. La mujer y su esposo ___________________ de España. (ser) (___________________)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ todos los días. (verse) (___________________)", "6. ¿De dónde ___________________ sus abuelos? (ser) (___________________)", "7. El tren ___________________ todos los días precisamente a las nueve. (llegar) (___________________)", "8. Nosotros siempre ___________________ a casa a las seis de la tarde. (volver) (___________________)", "9. ___________________ una fiesta en la casa de un conocido. (haber) (___________________)", "10. Ella ___________________ el piano cuando su hermano gritó. (practicar) (___________________)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ a vender tu casa? (ir) (___________________)", "12. Me di cuenta que yo ___________________ a tener éxito. (ir) (___________________)", "13. La estudiante ___________________ veintiún años al graduarse. (tener) (___________________)", "14. Los niños ___________________ pollo y sus padres ___________________ pescado en el restaurante. (comer/comer) (___________________, ___________________)", "15. Los amigos de Pedro lo ___________________ en Hawai cada año. (visitar) (___________________)", "16. En el pasado, ellos ___________________ vino todos los fines de semana; ahora beben mucha agua. (beber) (___________________)", "17. La gente ___________________ muy valiente. (ser) (___________________)", "18. El adolescente ___________________ el pelo largo; yo ___________________ el pelo corto. (tener/tener) (___________________, ___________________)", "19. ___________________ las doce y el sol ___________________. (ser/brillar) (___________________, ___________________)", "20. Él ___________________ su libro cuando su amigo lo llamó. (leer) (___________________)", "21. Ana ___________________ su tarea cuando sonó el teléfono. (hacer) (___________________)", "22. Nosotros ___________________ cansadas de trabajar. (estar) (___________________)", "23. La película ___________________ cómica; todo el mundo ___________________. (ser/reírse) (___________________, ___________________)", "24. ¿Qué me ___________________ cuando él me distrajo? (decir) (___________________)", "25. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds. cuando empezó a nevar? (hacer) (___________________)", "26. Mi amigo me dijo que ___________________ a verme. (venir) (___________________)", "27. ___________________ buen tiempo. ___________________ viento y sol. Los pájaros ___________________ en los árboles y todo el mundo ___________________ feliz. (hacer/hacer/estar/estar) (___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________)", "28. Antes, yo ___________________ mucho. Ahora prefiero comer en restaurantes. (cocinar) (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Todas las noches, Teodoro", "llamaba", "- a Elena. (Ilamar)", "(repeated action)", "Su hijo tenía dos años cuando empezó a correr. (tener", "( age", "4. ¿Qué hizo el acusado después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de", "todos?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "comía (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "iban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos veíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "llegaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "volvíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Había (situation)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "practicaba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "ibas (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "iba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tenía (age)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "visitaban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "bebían (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "tenía, tenía (description, description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Eran, brillaba (time, situation)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "leía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "hacía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "estábamos (condition)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "era, se reía (description, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "decía/decías/decían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "hacían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "venía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "cocinaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.1 1. comía (repeated action) 2. era (description) 3. iban (repeated action) 4. eran (point of origin) 5. nos veíamos (repeated action) 6. eran (point of origin) 7. llegaba (repeated action) 8. volvíamos (repeated action) 9. Había (situation) 10. practicaba (continuous action) 11. ibas (continuous action) 12. iba (continuous action) 13. tenía (age) 14. comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action) 15. visitaban (repeated action) 16. bebían (repeated action) 17. era (description) 18. tenía, tenía (description, description) 19. Eran, brillaba (time, situation) 20. leía (continuous action) 21. hacía (continuous action) 22. estábamos (condition) 23. era, se reía (description, continuous action) 24. decía/decías/decían (continuous action) 25. hacían (continuous action) 26. venía (continuous action) 27. Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration) 28. cocinaba (repeated action)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "comía (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "iban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos veíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "llegaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "volvíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Había (situation)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "practicaba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "ibas (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "iba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tenía (age)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "visitaban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "bebían (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "tenía, tenía (description, description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Eran, brillaba (time, situation)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "leía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "hacía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "estábamos (condition)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "era, se reía (description, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "decía/decías/decían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "hacían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "venía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "cocinaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. comía (repeated action) 2. era (description) 3. iban (repeated action) 4. eran (point of origin) 5. nos veíamos (repeated action) 6. eran (point of origin) 7. llegaba (repeated action) 8. volvíamos (repeated action) 9. Había (situation) 10. practicaba (continuous action) 11. ibas (continuous action) 12. iba (continuous action) 13. tenía (age) 14. comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action) 15. visitaban (repeated action) 16. bebían (repeated action) 17. era (description) 18. tenía, tenía (description, description) 19. Eran, brillaba (time, situation) 20. leía (continuous action) 21. hacía (continuous action) 22. estábamos (condition) 23. era, se reía (description, continuous action) 24. decía/decías/decían (continuous action) 25. hacían (continuous action) 26. venía (continuous action) 27. Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration) 28. cocinaba (repeated action)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.2", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans2", "instruction": "Review ser and estar in the imperfect, and then rewrite the following sentences in the imperfect.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ellos son de España. ___________________", "2. ¿Qué hora es? ___________________", "3. Nosotros estamos bien. ___________________", "4. Mi jardín es el más hermoso de la ciudad.", "5. Los tres amigos están aquí. ___________________", "6. No estoy cansada. ___________________", "7. Somos cantantes. ___________________", "8. ¿Dónde estás? ___________________", "9. Yo estoy en la casa con mi perro."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Yo soy de Venezuela.", "Yo era de Venezuela.", "To Express Time in the Past", "Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "a la tienda por última vez.", "¿Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "It was five o'clock and Fred was", "going to the store for the last time.", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping.", "To Express One's Age in the Past", "Ella tenía veinte años cuando", "se graduó de la universidad.", "Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco", "años cuando se murió.", "El presidente tenía cincuenta y", "cinco años cuando lo elegimos.", "She was 20 years old when she", "graduated from the university.", "My grandfather was 95 years old", "when he died.", "The president was 55 years old", "when we elected him.", "• Exercise 15.1", "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the imperfect. In", "the parentheses, write your reason for choosing the imperfect.", "llamaba", "EXAMPLES", "Todas las noches, Teodoro", "a Elena. (Ilamar)", "(repeated action)", "Su hijo", "tenía", "_ dos años cuando empezó a correr. (tener)", "(age", "1. De niña, Loreta.", "2. Ella", "- pasta cada noche. (comer)", "_ alta y bonita como su madre. (ser)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "No estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.2 1. Ellos eran de España. 2. ¿Qué hora era? 3. Nosotros estábamos bien. 4. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 5. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 6. No estaba cansada. 7. Éramos cantantes. 8. ¿Dónde estabas? 9. Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "No estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Ellos eran de España. 2. ¿Qué hora era? 3. Nosotros estábamos bien. 4. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 5. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 6. No estaba cansada. 7. Éramos cantantes. 8. ¿Dónde estabas? 9. Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the differences in meaning between the following sentence pairs (preterit followed by imperfect)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella llegó ayer:", "Ella llegaba a la cinco todos los días.", "La semana pasada, leí un buen libro.", "Antes, yo leía mucho.", "Beatriz vino a verme.", "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía", "a verme.", "Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.", "Me levantaba tarde.", "Fui a la tienda.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi a José.", "Fuimos a la playa hoy.", "Íbamos a la playa todos los veranos.", "¿Qué me dijiste hace dos minutos?", "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro", "ladró?", "Marta comió temprano esta", "mañana.", "Marta siempre comía temprano.", "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta.", "Eduardo hizo su tarea.", "Eduardo hacía su tarea todos los", "lunes.", "¿Qué compró Ud. ayer?", "¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando le", "llamé?", "She arrived yesterday.", "She arrived at five o'clock every", "day.", "Last week, I read a good book.", "Before, I used to read a lot.", "Beatriz came to see me.", "He told me that Beatriz was", "coming to see me.", "I got up at six o clock this", "morning.", "I used to get up late.", "I went to the store.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw Joe.", "We went to the beach today.", "We used to go the beach every", "summer.", "What did you tell me two", "minutes ago?", "What were you saying to me", "when the dog barked?", "Martha ate early this morning.", "Martha always ate early.", "My father paid the bill yesterday", "My father always paid the bill.", "Edward did his homework.", "Edward did his homework every", "Monday,", "What did you buy yesterday?", "What were you buying when", "I called you?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8931818008422852, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 265, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0266-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos al parque hoy.", "Caminábamos al parque todos los", "días.", "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde.", "Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", "Ella tuvo una operación anoche.", "Él no tenía tiempo para verla.", "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las ocho.", "Todos los días, ella dormía hasta", "tarde.", "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.", "No la conocíamos por mucho", "tiempo.", "We walked to the park today.", "We used to walk to the park", "every day.", "We received a check this", "afternoon.", "We used to receive checks every", "week.", "She had an operation last night", "He didn't have time to see her.", "Last night, she slept until eight", "ơ' clock.", "Every day, she slept until late.", "We met Sylvia in Colombia.", "We didn't know her for very", "long."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9552631378173828, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 266, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Querer, poder, saber"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0266-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Affirmative", "Yo quise ir al circo.", "Yo quería ir al circo.", "Pudimos entender la lección.", "Podíamos entender la lección.", "Ella supo que él tuvo un accidente.", "Ella sabía que él iba a estar bien.", "I wanted to go to the circus.", "I wanted to go to the circus.", "We were able to understand", "the lesson.", "We were able to understand", "the lesson.", "She found out that he had", "an accident.", "She knew that he was going", "to he well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9552631378173828, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 266, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For the verbs querer and poder, the English translations of the example sentences above showing the preterit and the imperfect are the same. However, the preterit pudimos from poder indicates that the action is over. The idea is that we were able to understand the lesson; the action is completed, so we succeeded in understanding the lesson."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0267-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Negative", "¿Por qué no quiso Ud. ir conmigo?", "¿Por qué no quería Ud. ir conmigo?", "No pude hacer mi tarea.", "Yo no podía hacer mi tarea ayer.", "No lo supe hoy.", "Yo no sabía que él estaba enfermo.", "Why did you refuse to go with", "me?", "Why didn't you want to go with", "me?", "I failed to do my homework.", "I wasn't able to (couldn't) do my", "homework yesterday.", "I didn't find it out today.", "I didn't know that he was sick."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 267, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.3", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans3", "instruction": "Preterit and imperfect. Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. It was one o’clock and it was raining.", "2. I knew it. ___________________", "3. He was able to do it well. ___________________", "4. The children wanted to eat hamburgers.", "5. We were studying when the teacher entered.", "6. The man was fleeing when the police caught him.", "7. Every night for many years, she had the same dream.", "8. What were you saying to me?___________________", "9. What was I going to say to you?", "10. Why did he call her? ___________________", "11. What time was it when you fell asleep last night?", "12. Who got sick yesterday? ___________________", "13. We were going to travel to Cuba, but we had no money.", "14. I met your friend in Mexico.___________________", "15. He left without saying anything to us.", "16. Who gave him the good news today?", "17. The man was in the bank when the thief entered. Everyone was afraid.", "18. Last year, we went to Spain. We had a good time."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Era la una y llovía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Yo lo sabía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Él lo podía hacer bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los niños querían comer hamburguesas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Qué me decía/decías?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "¿Por qué la llamó él?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "¿Quién se enfermó ayer?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Conocí a tu/su amigo en México", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Se fue sin decirnos nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.3 1. Era la una y llovía. 2. Yo lo sabía. 3. Él lo podía hacer bien. 4. Los niños querían comer hamburguesas. 5. Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró. 6. El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió. 7. Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño. 8. ¿Qué me decía/decías? 9. ¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir? 10. ¿Por qué la llamó él? 11. ¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche? 12. ¿Quién se enfermó ayer? 13. Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero. 14. Conocí a tu/su amigo en México. 15. Se fue sin decirnos nada. 16. ¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy? 17. El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo. 18. El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Era la una y llovía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Yo lo sabía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Él lo podía hacer bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los niños querían comer hamburguesas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Qué me decía/decías?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "¿Por qué la llamó él?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "¿Quién se enfermó ayer?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Conocí a tu/su amigo en México", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Se fue sin decirnos nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Era la una y llovía. 2. Yo lo sabía. 3. Él lo podía hacer bien. 4. Los niños querían comer hamburguesas. 5. Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró. 6. El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió. 7. Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño. 8. ¿Qué me decía/decías? 9. ¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir? 10. ¿Por qué la llamó él? 11. ¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche? 12. ¿Quién se enfermó ayer? 13. Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero. 14. Conocí a tu/su amigo en México. 15. Se fue sin decirnos nada. 16. ¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy? 17. El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo. 18. El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.4", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with ir in either the preterit or the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. al museo ayer?", "2. En julio, Graciela ___________________ a California a ver a sus nietos.", "3. Yo ___________________ a llamarla, pero no tenía su número de teléfono.", "4. Nosotros ___________________ al circo todos los veranos en el pasado.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ al cine anoche; nos gustó la película.", "6. Mis amigos ___________________ a vender su carro antes de ganarse la lotería.", "7. Carmen ___________________ al banco los viernes e ___________________ a la playa los sábados.", "8. ¿ ___________________ tú al campo los fines de semana?", "9. Isabel ___________________ a Italia y no regresó.", "10. Marisol y su esposo ___________________ a Portugal."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "íbamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "iban", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "iba, iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ibas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.4 1. fue 2. fue 3. iba 4. íbamos 5. fuimos 6. iban 7. iba, iba 8. Ibas 9. fue 10. fueron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "íbamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "iban", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "iba, iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ibas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fue 3. iba 4. íbamos 5. fuimos 6. iban 7. iba, iba 8. Ibas 9. fue 10. fueron"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.5", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. La madre del hijo le dijo que todo iba a estar bien.", "2. ¿Te dolían los pies durante tu viaje?", "3. Hubo un tiempo cuando yo visitaba museos.", "4. Vine, vi y vencí. ___________________", "5. Entre el primero y segundo piso, me di cuenta de que iba a caerme.", "6. Nos divertíamos mucho cada día hace mucho tiempo.", "7. Yo no sabía qué hacer.___________________", "8. Tenían una buena relación. Él siempre cocinaba y ella siempre lavaba los platos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Did your feet hurt you during your trip?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "There was a time when I visited museums", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I came, I saw, I conquered", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A long time ago, we used to have a very good time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I didn’t know what to do", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.5 1. The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine. 2. Did your feet hurt you during your trip? 3. There was a time when I visited museums. 4. I came, I saw, I conquered. 5. Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down. 6. A long time ago, we used to have a very good time. 7. I didn’t know what to do. 8. They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Did your feet hurt you during your trip?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "There was a time when I visited museums", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I came, I saw, I conquered", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A long time ago, we used to have a very good time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I didn’t know what to do", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine. 2. Did your feet hurt you during your trip? 3. There was a time when I visited museums. 4. I came, I saw, I conquered. 5. Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down. 6. A long time ago, we used to have a very good time. 7. I didn’t know what to do. 8. They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.6", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans6", "instruction": "Preterit or imperfect. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por que no ___________________ tú la comida ayer? (comprar)", "2. Anoche, yo ___________________ el vino a la fiesta. (traer)", "3. ___________________ mediodía y el niño ___________________ hambre. (ser/tener)", "4. ___________________ a llover y yo ___________________ la ventana. (empezar/cerrar)", "5. La muchacha ___________________ la calle cuando su mamá la ___________________. (cruzar/llamar)", "6. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds. esta mañana precisamente a las nueve? (estar)", "7. Nosotros ___________________ en el parque cuando ___________________ el animal exótico. (andar/ver)", "8. El taxista nos ___________________ veinte dólares. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "9. Nosotros les ___________________ cartas a nuestros parientes desde Bolivia, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "10. Yo ___________________ por la calle equivocada cuando ___________________ que no ___________________ donde ___________________. (caminar/darse cuenta de/saber/estar).", "11. Me agrada su amigo. ¿Dónde lo ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)", "12. Pedro y sus amigos ___________________ todas las noches antes de acostarse. (divertirse)", "13. Melisa ___________________ al cine cada domingo durante su juventud. (ir)", "14. Los viajeros de Inglaterra ___________________ a mi casa la semana pasada y ___________________ conmigo hasta hoy. (llegar/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.6 1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, two object pronouns can appear together with a verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Double object pronouns cannot be separated from each other."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In a negative sentence, the word no (or any other word of negation) comes directly before the first pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Positions of the double object pronouns are the same as single object pronouns: The pronouns are placed directly before the first verb or they are attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun with Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An indirect object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together. In the first position, the object pronouns are placed directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Me lo / me la / me los / me las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0271-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito tu carro esta noche.", "¿Me lo prestas?", "Él tiene una revista interesante.", "Él me la va a dar:", "Ella tiene dos secretos.", "Ella no me los quería decir:", "El maestro explicó las nuevas", "lecciones.", "Él me las explicó.", "I need your car tonight.", "Will you lend it to me?", "He has an interesting magazine.", "He is going to give it to me.", "She has two secrets.", "She didn't want to tell them to me", "The teacher explained the new", "lessons.", "He explained them to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 271, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the object pronouns are attached to the infinitive and become one word. A written accent is added to maintain the natural stress of the infinitive. Whether the object pronouns are placed in front of the first verb or attached to the infinitive, the meaning of the sentence is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0271-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito tu carro esta noche.", "¿ Puedes prestármelo?", "Él tiene una revista interesante.", "Él va a dármela.", "Ella tiene dos secretos.", "Ella no quería decírmelos.", "Él trató de explicar las nuevas", "lecciones.", "Él trató de explicármelas.", "I need your car tonight.", "Can you lend it to me?", "He has an interesting magazine.", "He is going to give it to me.", "She has two secrets.", "She didn't want to tell them to me", "He tried to explain the new", "lessons.", "He tried to explain them to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 271, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.7", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English. Practice the use of the double object pronouns along with the tenses you have learned: present indicative, present subjunctive, preterit, and imperfect.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "A Word About Pronunciation", "Practice all these examples aloud. The more you get used to the sound, the easier it becomes."], "prompts": ["1. Yo quería tomar un café esta mañana. Mi colega me lo trajo.", "2. Los niños tienen muchos regalos. Sus abuelos quieren que me los den.", "3. Ella me compró una chaqueta. Después de comprármela, se puso feliz.", "4. Mi papá no quiso darme su carro. En vez de dármelo, me lo vendió.", "5. Aprendí bien las direcciones porque mis parientes me las dieron con mucho cuidado.", "6. Ella quiere darme tres maletas para mi viaje. Prefiero que ella me las preste.", "7. Cada mañana, los vendedores me vendían vegetales. Hoy no me vendieron nada.", "8. Necesito dos buenos libros. Tengo que comprarlos porque mi amiga no quiere prestármelos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.7 1. I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me. 2. The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me. 3. She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy. 4. My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me. 5. I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully. 6. She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me. 7. Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything. 8. I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me. 2. The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me. 3. She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy. 4. My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me. 5. I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully. 6. She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me. 7. Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything. 8. I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Te lo / te la / te los / te las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0272-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te doy mi abrigo porque hace frío.", "Te lo doy esta noche.", "¿Por qué no me dijiste la verdad?", "Te la dije, pero no me escuchaste.", "José tuvo que leer dos cuentos", "anoche.", "Él tuvo que leértelos antes de", "las nueve.", "Queremos mandar cartas desde", "Madrid.", "Queremos mandártelas esta noche.", "Tis ce you my coat because it", "I'll give it to you tonight.", "Why didn't you tell me the truth?", "I told it to you, but you didn't", "listen to me.", "Joe had to read two stories last", "night.", "He had to read them to you", "before nine.", "We want to send letters from", "Madrid.", "We want to send them to you", "tonight."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 272, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.8", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ella no te da agua; ella te la vende.", "2. Debemos regalarte el anillo que quieres este año. Debemos regalártelo.", "3. Anoche, mi hermano mayor me trajo una manzana. Me la trajo porque yo tenía hambre.", "4. Todavía tienes mis discos compactos. Quiero que me los devuelvas.", "5. Me gusta la langosta en este restaurante. Espero que el camarero me la sirva rápidamente.", "6. Te di el dinero porque eres un buen amigo. Te lo di porque tengo confianza en ti.", "7. No sé por qué ella no quiso mostrarte sus lámparas. A mí me las mostró ayer.", "8. Al principio, no queríamos darte una bicicleta, pero por fin te la dimos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.8 1. She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you. 2. We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you. 3. Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry. 4. You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me. 5. I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly. 6. I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you. 7. I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday. 8. At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you. 2. We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you. 3. Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry. 4. You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me. 5. I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly. 6. I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you. 7. I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday. 8. At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, se replaces the indirect object pronouns le and les when they are followed by a direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["le lo → se lo", "le la", "→ se la", "le los → se los", "le las → se las", "les lo → se lo", "les la → se la", "les los → se los", "les las → se las"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 273, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Se lo traigo.", "I bring it to him.", "I bring it to her.", "I bring it to you. (sing.)", "I bring it to them.", "I bring it to you. (pl.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Out of context, there is no way to know what the meaning of the indirect object pronoun is. To clarify the ambiguity, a prepositional phrase is added."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Se lo traigo a Ud.", "Se lo traigo a ellas.", "I bring it to you.", "I bring it to them"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In context, however, the meaning is clear without an additional prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Le doy a Enrique el periódico.", "Se lo doy.", "Ella quiere comprar una camisa.", "Nosotros se la vendemos.", "Les enviamos dinero a los", "estudiantes.", "Se lo enviamos.", "Ana les trae dos pasteles a sus", "amigas.", "Ana se los trae.", "Yo les quiero escribir a Uds. tres", "cartas.", "Yo quiero escribírselas.", "Él les muestra las fotos a Juan", "y a Ana.", "Él trata de mostrárselas.", "I give the newspaper to Henry.", "I give it to him.", "She wants to buy a shirt.", "We'll sell it to her.", "We send money to the students.", "We send it to them.", "Ana brings two pastries to her", "friends.", "Ana brings them to them.", "I want to write you three letters", "I want to write them to you.", "He shows the photos to John", "and Ana.", "Hetres to show them to them"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Try to practice the se lo / se la / se los / se las combination without going through two steps. Every time you think of to her, to him, to you, to them followed by a direct object pronoun, use se. Note also that the intransitive verbs you learned in Chapter 10 are used over and over. These are the most frequently used verbs that take indirect objects."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.9", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct double object pronoun, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo quería comprarte el carro, pero no tenía bastante dinero. Al fin y al cabo, no ___________________ pude comprar.", "2. Él no me dio el libro. No sé dónde está. ¿Él ___________________ dio a Ud.?", "3. Necesito tu lápiz. ¿ ___________________ prestas?", "4. ¿Por qué no les dijeron Uds. a los muchachos la verdad? ¿Por qué no ___________________ dijeron?", "5. Los hombres querían leer los periódicos de hoy. El vendedor ___________________ vendió.", "6. Yo les traje una torta a Uds. Yo ___________________ traje anoche.", "7. Tratamos de hacerles muchas preguntas. Tratamos de [hacer] ___________________ porque no sabemos nada.", "8. Loreta y Roberto me mandaron dos paquetes. ___________________ mandaron ayer.", "9. Te dimos la respuesta ya. ___________________ dimos hace dos horas.", "10. ¿Por qué les prestaste dinero? ¿ ___________________ prestaste porque necesitan ayuda?", "11. Vamos a enseñarle la lección. ___________________ vamos a enseñar.", "12. ¿Tienen Uds. frío? ¿Necesitan otra chaqueta? ___________________ puedo traer.", "13. Ella no sabe que decirte. ¿Por qué no le cuentas el cuento? Es mejor [contar] ___________________.", "14. Nadie quería decirle los resultados de las elecciones. Nadie ___________________ quería decir."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Les trajimos las flores.", "Se las", "trajimos"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Me lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hacérselas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Me los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Te la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Se lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "contárselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.9 1. te lo 2. se lo 3. Me lo 4. se la 5. se los 6. se la 7. hacérselas 8. Me los 9. Te la 10. Se lo 11. Se la 12. Se la 13. contárselo 14. se los", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Me lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hacérselas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Me los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Te la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Se lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "contárselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te lo 2. se lo 3. Me lo 4. se la 5. se los 6. se la 7. hacérselas 8. Me los 9. Te la 10. Se lo 11. Se la 12. Se la 13. contárselo 14. se los"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Nos lo / nos la / nos los / nos las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0276-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él va a devolvernos el suéter.", "Él va a devolvérnoslo.", "La mujer nos trajo una flor:", "Ella nos la trajo.", "Nuestros amigos nos dan regalos", "cada año.", "Nuestros amigos nos los dan.", "Ud. nos traía tortas los domingos.", "Ahora Ud. nunca nos las trae.", "He is going to return the sweater", "to us.", "He is going to return it to us.", "The woman brought us a flower.", "She brought it to us.", "Our friends give us gifts every year", "Our friends give them to us.", "You used to bring us cakes on", "Sundays.", "Now you never bring them to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 276, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Os lo / os la / os los / os las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0276-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestra tía os lee un libro en", "la noche.", "Ella os lo lee.", "Él no quiere escribiros una carta.", "Él no quiere escribírosla.", "Ana no os mandó recuerdos.", "Ella debe mandároslos.", "El doctor no os dio las pastillas.", "El farmacista os las vendió.", "Your aunt reads a book to you", "at night.", "She reads it to you.", "He doesn't want to write a letter", "to you.", "He doesn't want to write it to you.", "Ana didn't send you souvenirs.", "She should send them to you.", "The doctor didn't give you the pills", "The pharmacist sold them to you."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 276, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that os means to you in the plural familiar vosotros form. It is used only in Spain."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.10", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Practice indirect objects, direct objects, and double object pronouns, as well as the tenses.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I told you everything. You said nothing to me.", "2. We were going to give two notebooks to the students.", "3. Lisa doesn’t have anything to write with. I have two pens and decide to give them to her.", "4. I gave a violin to my nephew. I gave it to him.", "5. He was going to give the guitar to Hector. He decided to give it to me.", "6. Who can show us the new coats? Who wants to show them to us?", "7. The birds were singing and the children were playing.", "8. Carmen read a good book two weeks ago. She gave it to me yesterday.", "9. I returned the book to her today. I returned it to her at ten o’clock in the morning.", "10. Elena had bad dreams last night. She told them to me this morning.", "11. We like to share everything.", "12. Your grandmother wants you to read the article to her.", "13. We hope that he knows how to swim so that he can teach us.", "14. Joe lent Michael the money. He lent it to him yesterday.", "15. Your cousin did you a favor. He did it for you because he is a good friend.", "16. After bringing her coffee, I went to my office. She called me later.", "17. She was buying a guitar when her friend offered her a piano.", "18. We saw the sofa that she had in her house. She gave it to us."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Nos gusta compartir todo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.10 1. Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada. 2. Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes. 3. Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos. 4. Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di. 5. Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela. 6. ¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar? 7. Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban. 8. Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer. 9. Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana. 10. Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana. 11. Nos gusta compartir todo. 12. Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo. 13. Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar. 14. José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer. 15. Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. 16. Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde. 17. Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano. 18. Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Nos gusta compartir todo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada. 2. Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes. 3. Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos. 4. Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di. 5. Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela. 6. ¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar? 7. Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban. 8. Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer. 9. Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana. 10. Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana. 11. Nos gusta compartir todo. 12. Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo. 13. Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar. 14. José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer. 15. Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. 16. Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde. 17. Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano. 18. Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reflexive Pronoun with Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This combination does not occur with many verbs. It is most common with the action of putting on or taking off clothes (ponerse la ropa, quitarse la ropa), with verbs that are used with parts of the body (lavarse, cepillarse, lesionarse, peinarse, secarse), and with some idiomatic verbs (comerse). A reflexive object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The objects are either placed directly before the first verb or attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0278-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me pongo un abrigo en el invierno.", "Me lo quito en el apartamento.", "¿ Te lavaste la cara hoy?", "¿Te la lavaste hoy?", "Nos cepillamos los dientes cada", "noche.", "Nos los cepillamos en la mañana", "también.", "Ellos se peinaron el pelo.", "Ellos se lo peinaron.", "Me comí todo el pescado.", "Me lo comí.", "Él se puso los zapatos.", "Él se los puso.", "Ella se quitó la gorra.", "Ella se la quitó.", "¿Por qué se quitó Ud. la chaqueta?", "¿Por qué se la quitó Ud.?", "I put on a coat in the winter.", "I take it off in the apartment.", "Did you wash your face today?", "Did you wash it today?", "We brush our teeth every night.", "We brush them in the morning,", "too.", "They combed their hair.", "They combed it.", "I ate up all the fish.", "I ate it all up.", "He put on his shoes.", "He put them on.", "She took off her hat.", "She took it off.", "Why did you take off your jacket?", "Why did you take it off?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 278, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0279-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no quería cortarme el pelo.", "No quería cortármelo.", "Ella no pudo lavarse las manos", "anoche.", "Ella no pudo lavárselas.", "El niño trató de ponerse los", "calcetines.", "Él trató de ponérselos.", "I didn't want to cut my hair.", "I didn't want to cut it.", "She couldn't wash her hands last", "night.", "She couldn't wash them.", "The child tried to put on his", "socks.", "He tried to put them on."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 279, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When reflexive verbs are used with clothes and parts of the body, the possessive adjective is not used."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Se Plus the Indirect Object Pronoun and Unplanned Occurrences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Se + the indirect object pronoun + the verb express the concept of an action that just seemed to happen—an unplanned occurrence. The indirect object pronoun indicates the person or persons responsible for or affected by the action."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This construction occurs only in the third person because the subject is a thing or things. It usually occurs in the preterit because the action has already happened."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0279-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo rompí el vaso.", "Se rompió el vaso.", "Se me rompió el vaso.", "El gato se murió.", "El gato se me murió.", "I broke the glass. (It was not an accident;", "I broke the glass on purpose.)", "The glass broke. (It was an accident, and", "no one is responsible.)", "I broke the glass by accident. (The glass broke", "by accident, but I am responsible.)", "The cat died. (No one is responsible.)", "The cat died. (The cat died because I did not", "take care of it properly and I am", "responsible.)", "The cat died. (I took care of the cat, but it", "died anyway, and I am affected.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 279, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño se cayo.", "El niño se nos cayó.", "The child fell. (No one is responsible or", "affected.)", "The child fell. (The child fell because we were", "inattentive, and we are responsible.)", "The child fell. (We took care of the child, but", "he fell anyway. It is not our fault, but we", "are affected.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are other verbs that often express this concept."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acabarse", "irse", "ocurrirse", "olvidarse", "perderse", "to run out of", "to go away, to leave quickly", "to get the idea of, to occur to", "to forget", "to lose"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No pudiste hacer los sándwiches;", "se te acabó el pan.", "No se me ocurrió trabajar ayer.", "Se le olvidó la fecha de tu", "cumpleaños.", "Se me perdieron mis gafas.", "You couldn't make the sandwiches.", "you ran out of bread. (It wasn't", "your fault.)", "It didn't occur to me to work", "yesterday.", "He forgot the date of your", "birthday by accident.", "I lost my glasses by accident."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.11", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb form and object pronouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no te secas el pelo? ¿Por qué no ___________________?", "2. Vamos a quitarnos el vestido. Vamos a ___________________.", "3. Ellos se cepillaron los dientes. Ellos ___________________.", "4. Él se puso las medias. Él ___________________.", "5. Me corté el dedo. Yo ___________________.", "6. Los niños se van a lavar las manos. Ellos ___________________.", "7. Ella se peina el pelo bonito cada día. Ella ___________________."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Me lastimé el tobillo. Yo", "me lo lastime", "1. Yo quería comprarte el carro, pero no tenía bastante dinero. Al fin y al", "cabo, no", "pude comprar.", "2. Él no me dio el libro. No sé dónde está. ¿Él .", "dio", "a Ud.?", "3. Necesito tu lápiz. ¿", "_ prestas?", "4. ¿Por qué no les dijeron Uds. a los muchachos la verdad? ¿Por qué no", "dijeron?", "5. Los hombres querían leer los periódicos de hoy. El vendedor", "vendió.", "6. Yo les traje una torta a Uds. Yo.", "traje anoche.", "7. Tratamos de hacerles muchas preguntas. Tratamos de [hacer]", "porque no sabemos nada.", "8. Loreta y Roberto me mandaron dos paquetes.", "mandaron ayer.", "9. Te dimos la respuesta ya..", ". dimos hace dos", "horas.", "10. ¿Por qué les prestaste dinero? ¿ .", "prestaste", "porque necesitan ayuda?", "11. Vamos a enseñarle la lección.", "vamos a enseñar.", "12. ¿Tienen Uds. frío? ¿Necesitan otra chaqueta?", "puedo traer.", "13. Ella no sabe que decirte. ¿Por qué no le cuentas el cuento? Es mejor", "[contar]", "14. Nadie quería decirle los resultados de las elecciones. Nadie", "quería decir.", "Nos lo / nos la / nos los / nos las"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te lo secas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "quitárnoslo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se los cepillaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se las puso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me lo corté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se las van a lavar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se lo peina", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.11 1. te lo secas 2. quitárnoslo 3. se los cepillaron 4. se las puso 5. me lo corté 6. se las van a lavar 7. se lo peina", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te lo secas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "quitárnoslo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se los cepillaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se las puso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me lo corté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se las van a lavar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se lo peina", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te lo secas 2. quitárnoslo 3. se los cepillaron 4. se las puso 5. me lo corté 6. se las van a lavar 7. se lo peina"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.12", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. A él le gustó el pollo y se lo comió.", "2. Miguel no pudo entrar en su casa porque se le perdieron las llaves.", "3. Se me cayó la cuchara en la mesa y me puse furiosa.", "4. Ellos se dieron cuenta de que sus amigos no venían a verlos.", "5. ¿Cómo se les ocurrió escribir un libro juntos?", "6. Se me olvidó hacer mi tarea. Se me acabó la paciencia.", "7. ¡Cuidado! Se les van a caer los vasos. Ya se nos rompieron dos.", "8. Después de ponerse las medias, ellos se pusieron los zapatos y se fueron."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "He liked the chicken and ate it up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "They realized that their friends were not coming to see them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "How did it occur to you to write a book together?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.12 1. He liked the chicken and ate it up. 2. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 3. The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious. 4. They realized that their friends were not coming to see them. 5. How did it occur to you to write a book together? 6. I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out. 7. Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already. 8. After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "He liked the chicken and ate it up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "They realized that their friends were not coming to see them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "How did it occur to you to write a book together?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. He liked the chicken and ate it up. 2. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 3. The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious. 4. They realized that their friends were not coming to see them. 5. How did it occur to you to write a book together? 6. I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out. 7. Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already. 8. After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.13", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans13", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part III.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. acercarse", "2. ahogarse", "3. alcanzar", "4. amenazar", "5. arrancar", "6. atraer", "7. caber", "8. castigar", "9. colgar", "10. colocar", "11. componer", "12. concluir", "13. conducir", "14. construir", "15. contener", "16. contradecir", "17. contribuir", "18. corregir", "19. creer", "20. deshacer", "21. destacar", "22. destruir", "23. detener", "24. distraer", "25. distribuir", "26. entregar", "27. fluir", "28. huir", "29. incluir", "30. influir", "31. justificar", "32. lanzar", "33. madrugar", "34. mantener", "35. mascar", "36. pegar", "37. pescar", "38. poseer", "39. prevenir", "40. producir", "41. proponer", "42. publicar", "43. realizar", "44. rezar", "45. sacar", "46. suplicar", "47. traducir", "48. tragar", "49. tropezarse", "50. vagar"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to approach", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to drown", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to reach, to overtake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to threaten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to pull out, to root out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to attract", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to fit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to punish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to hang", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to put in place, to place", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to compose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to conclude", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to build, to construct", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to contain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to contradict", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to contribute", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to correct", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to believe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to undo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to stick out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to destroy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to detain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to distract", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to distribute", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to hand in, to deliver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to flow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to flee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to include", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to influence", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to justify", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to throw, to shoot", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to get up early", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to maintain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to chew", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to hit, to glue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to fish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to possess", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to prevent", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to produce", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to propose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to publish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to fulfill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to pray", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to take out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to beg", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to translate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to swallow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to bump into", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to wander", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.13 1. to approach 2. to drown 3. to reach, to overtake 4. to threaten 5. to pull out, to root out 6. to attract 7. to fit 8. to punish 9. to hang 10. to put in place, to place 11. to compose 12. to conclude 13. to drive 14. to build, to construct 15. to contain 16. to contradict 17. to contribute 18. to correct 19. to believe 20. to undo 21. to stick out 22. to destroy 23. to detain 24. to distract 25. to distribute 26. to hand in, to deliver 27. to flow 28. to flee 29. to include 30. to influence 31. to justify 32. to throw, to shoot 33. to get up early 34. to maintain 35. to chew 36. to hit, to glue 37. to fish 38. to possess 39. to prevent 40. to produce 41. to propose 42. to publish 43. to fulfill 44. to pray 45. to take out 46. to beg 47. to translate 48. to swallow 49. to bump into 50. to wander", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to approach", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to drown", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to reach, to overtake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to threaten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to pull out, to root out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to attract", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to fit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to punish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to hang", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to put in place, to place", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to compose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to conclude", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to build, to construct", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to contain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to contradict", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to contribute", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to correct", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to believe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to undo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to stick out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to destroy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to detain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to distract", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to distribute", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to hand in, to deliver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to flow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to flee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to include", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to influence", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to justify", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to throw, to shoot", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to get up early", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to maintain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to chew", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to hit, to glue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to fish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to possess", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to prevent", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to produce", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to propose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to publish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to fulfill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to pray", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to take out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to beg", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to translate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to swallow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to bump into", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to wander", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to approach 2. to drown 3. to reach, to overtake 4. to threaten 5. to pull out, to root out 6. to attract 7. to fit 8. to punish 9. to hang 10. to put in place, to place 11. to compose 12. to conclude 13. to drive 14. to build, to construct 15. to contain 16. to contradict 17. to contribute 18. to correct 19. to believe 20. to undo 21. to stick out 22. to destroy 23. to detain 24. to distract 25. to distribute 26. to hand in, to deliver 27. to flow 28. to flee 29. to include 30. to influence 31. to justify 32. to throw, to shoot 33. to get up early 34. to maintain 35. to chew 36. to hit, to glue 37. to fish 38. to possess 39. to prevent 40. to produce 41. to propose 42. to publish 43. to fulfill 44. to pray 45. to take out 46. to beg 47. to translate 48. to swallow 49. to bump into 50. to wander"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El juicio (segunda escena)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Cuando yo hablé con él, me di cuenta de que él no era sabio. Cuando me fui, pensaba, “Yo soy más sabio que este hombre; ninguno de nosotros no sabe nada que valga la pena saber, pero él piensa que él tiene sabiduría cuando él no la tiene, y yo, sin saber nada, no pienso que yo sea sagaz. No pienso que sé lo que no sé.” Después, fui a ver a los poetas, pensando que ellos iban a ser más sagaces que yo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pero averigüé que no es por la sabiduría que los poetas crean sus poemas sino por una inspiración divina. Por fin, fui a ver a los artesanos. Ellos sabían lo que yo no sabía y por eso eran más sabios que yo. Pero me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mucho prejuicio contra mi resultó de mi investigación. Y yo sigo con mi tarea de investigar y examinar a cada persona que pienso que es sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas primeras acusaciones."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "he tenido", "valer", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "I have had (present perfect tense)", "to mae"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 282, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombre"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el arte", "the art"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: El arte is masculine in the singular but feminine in the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el arte español", "las bellas artes", "Spanish arl", "fine arts"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hábil", "propio", "skillful, capable", "oun"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have finished reading the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Con quiénes habló?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué es lo que el acusado siempre busca?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Se defendió bien el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Quién es el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch16", "number": 16, "title": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of estar in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy", "tú estás", "él está", "ella está", "Ud. está", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros estamos", "vosotros estáis", "ellos están", "ellas están", "Uds. están", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 287, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish. Él and ella refer to people and sometimes to animals, but not to things."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the conjugation of the verb aloud. Notice that él, ella, Ud. (the third-person singular) have the same form of the verb. Notice also that ellos, ellas, Uds. (the third-person plural) have the same form of the verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Location (where someone or something is physically located)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nosotros estamos en el tren.", "La quinta avenida está en la", "ciudad.", "We are on the train.", "Fifth Avenue is in the city.", "¿Dónde están las pirámides de", "los Mayas?", "Where are the Mayan pyramids:", "Las mujeres están en la biblioteca.", "The women are in the library."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 287, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb, which carries the action of the phrase, is the essential element of the Spanish sentence or question because of the amount of information it carries."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0288-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Health", "Yo estoy bien, gracias.", "Ella está enferma.", "Los doctores están enfermos.", "¿ Cómo están Uds.?", "Estamos bien.", "I am fine, thanks.", "She is sick.", "The doctors are sick.", "How are you?", "We are well.", "• Changing mood or condition", "La muchacha está contenta.", "The girl is happy.", "Estoy feliz.", "I am happy.", "Los hombres están cansados.", "The men are tired.", "Estamos alegres.", "We are happy.", "¿Estás enojado?", "Are you angry?", "•", "Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance", "(English equivalents: taste/tastes with food and look/looks", "with appearance)", "La comida está buena.", "El pescado está delicioso.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "Él está guapo.", "The meal tastes good.", "The fish tastes delicious.", "The soup tastes delicious", "She looks pretty today.", "He looks handsome."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 288, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often, the pronouns yo, nosotros, and tú are omitted. This is possible because the verb form estamos carries the meaning we are; estoy can only mean I am. The same is true of tú estás, which means you are whether tú is omitted or not."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ cómo?", "¿cuál?, ¿cuáles?", "¿cuándo?", "¿cuánto?, ¿cuántos?", "¿dónde?", "¿por qué?", "¿ qué?", "¿quién?, ¿quiénes?", "how?", "which one?, which ones?", "when?", "how much?, how many?", "where?", "why?", "what?", "who?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aquí, acá", "allí, allá", "here", "there"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Direction"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "derecho, recto", "to the right", "to the left", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Prepositions of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al lado de", "alrededor de", "ante", "bajo", "cerca de", "debajo de", "delante de", "dentro de", "detrás de", "encima de", "enfrente de, frente a", "entre", "fuera de", "junto a, pegado a", "next to", "around", "before, in front of, in the presence of", "under (more figurative than debajo de)", "near", "underneath", "before, in front of (physical location)", "inside of", "behind", "on top of", "in front of, opposite, facing, across from", "between", "outside of", "close to, right next to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0290-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lejos de", "tras", "far from", "after (in a set of expressions)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 290, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0290-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegre", "bonito", "bueno", "cansado", "contento", "delicioso", "enfermo", "enojado", "feliz.", "guapo", "hermoso", "lindo", "happy, glad", "pretty", "good", "tired", "happy (contented)", "delicious", "sick", "angry", "happy", "beautiful, handsome", "beautiful, handsome", "pretty", "delicious"], "ocrConfidence": 0.98, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 290, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Guapo describes people only; bonito, hermoso, and lindo are used to describe both people and things."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.1", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar. Indicate whether the sentence expresses health, location, or changing mood.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El teléfono y el libro ___________________ en la mesa. (___________________)", "2. La mujer ___________________ bien; el hombre ___________________ enfermo. (___________________, ___________________)", "3. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? (___________________)", "4. ¿Dónde ___________________ ellos? (___________________)", "5. ¿Dónde ___________________ el baño, por favor? (___________________)", "6. El niño ___________________ enojado y la niña ___________________ triste. (___________________, ___________________)", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ alegres. (___________________)", "8. Yo ___________________ contento. (___________________)", "9. ¿Quién ___________________ aquí? (___________________)", "10. ¿Por qué ___________________ el perro en la piscina? (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros _estamos en la clase. (_location )", "La profesora _", "está", "_ aquí. (_location)", "me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones", "importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte.", "Mucho prejuicio contra mi resultó de mi investigación. Y yo sigo con", "mi tarea de investigar y examinar a cada persona que pienso que es", "sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi", "investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del", "estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo", "que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha", "rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas", "primeras acusaciones.", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "he tenido", "valer", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "I have had (present perfect tense)", "to value", "el arte", "the art", "el arte español", "Spanish art", "las bellas artes", "fine arts", "hábil", "propio", "skillful, capable", "oun", "After you have finished reading the selection, answer the following", "questions in Spanish."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está, está (health, health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está, está (changing mood, changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.1 1. están (location) 2. está, está (health, health) 3. están (health) 4. están (location) 5. está (location) 6. está, está (changing mood, changing mood) 7. están (changing mood) 8. estoy (changing mood) 9. está (location) 10. está (location)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está, está (health, health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está, está (changing mood, changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están (location) 2. está, está (health, health) 3. están (health) 4. están (location) 5. está (location) 6. está, está (changing mood, changing mood) 7. están (changing mood) 8. estoy (changing mood) 9. está (location) 10. está (location)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.2", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The river is near my house.", "2. Australia is far from Canada.", "3. The white flower is on top of the table.", "4. The children are right next to their parents.", "5. The school is between the church and the bank.", "6. Julia’s house is behind the post office.", "7. Paula is here with her brothers.", "8. Your shoes are underneath my chair.", "9. Our problem is under control.", "10. Helen’s relatives are in Spain. Their suitcases are in the United States."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "El rió está cerca de mi casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está encima de la mesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los niños están juntos a sus padres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "La casa de Julia está detrás del correo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Paula está aquí con sus hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Nuestro problema está bajo control", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.2 1. El rió está cerca de mi casa. 2. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos. 3. La flor blanca está encima de la mesa. 4. Los niños están juntos a sus padres. 5. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco. 6. La casa de Julia está detrás del correo. 7. Paula está aquí con sus hermanos. 8. Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla. 9. Nuestro problema está bajo control. 10. Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "El rió está cerca de mi casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está encima de la mesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los niños están juntos a sus padres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "La casa de Julia está detrás del correo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Paula está aquí con sus hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Nuestro problema está bajo control", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. El rió está cerca de mi casa. 2. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos. 3. La flor blanca está encima de la mesa. 4. Los niños están juntos a sus padres. 5. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco. 6. La casa de Julia está detrás del correo. 7. Paula está aquí con sus hermanos. 8. Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla. 9. Nuestro problema está bajo control. 10. Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is also equivalent to English to be. In English, there is only a single verb that means to be. We say, for example:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is here."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is brown."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb is the same in both cases. But in Spanish, there is a difference, and you have to choose which verb to use."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is the conjugation of ser in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo soy", "tú eres", "él es", "ella es", "Ud. es", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros somos", "vosotros sois", "ellos son", "ellas son", "Uds. son", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is used to express seven basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event takes place."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Description", "La casa es roja.", "El libro es interesante.", "Estas corbatas son feas.", "Somos fuertes.", "Estos zapatos son más caros que", "esas medias.", "•", "Profession", "Yo soy abogado.", "El es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "¿Eres tú ingeniero?", "The house is red.", "The book is interesting.", "These ties are ugly.", "We are strong.", "These shoes are more expensive", "than those socks.", "1 am a lawyer.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers.", "We are doctors.", "Are you an engineer?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "Juan es bailarín.", "Juan es un buen bailarín.", "Juan is a dancer.", "Juan is a good dancer"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin (where someone or something is from)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿De dónde es Ud.?", "¿De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "El vino es de Portugal.", "La cerveza es de México.", "El café es de Brazil.", "Where are you from?", "Where are you from?", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States", "The wine is from Portugal.", "The beer is from Mexico.", "The coffee is from Brazil."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In common English usage, we often end a sentence with a preposition, for example, Where are you from? This never occurs in Spanish; the preposition can never end a sentence. The preposition, in this case de, is placed in front of the interrogative word, which in this case is dónde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Identification (relationship, nationality, or religion)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Somos amigos.", "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "Pablo es español.", "Ella es católica.", "We are friends.", "Joe and Ed are brothers", "Paul is Spanish.", "She is Catholic."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Material (what something is made of)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La mesa es de madera.", "La bolsa es de plástico.", "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "La casa es de piedra.", "The table is of wood.", "The bag is of plastic.", "The shoes are of leather.", "The windows are of glass", "The house is of stone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Possession or ownership"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "It's the child's doll./", "The doll is the child's.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are Marias friends. /", "The friends are María's.", "(The friends are of María.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0294-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "It's Pedro's idea. /", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 294, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. When de is followed by the masculine article el, meaning the, the words contract to del, meaning of the."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Possessives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that these translations are not exact. There is no apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter’s car, for example, the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro. Make sure you understand this concept, and use whichever English translation is clearest to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Where an event takes place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0294-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "La huelga es en la universidad.", "The party is at Joe's house.", "The concert is at the club.", "The protest is in the capital.", "The strike is at the university"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 294, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An equivalent English translation for is in the examples above is take/takes place:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The party takes place at Joe’s house."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The concert takes place at the club."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The protest takes place in the capital."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is also used to tell time and in impersonal expressions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses the third-person singular or plural of ser for telling time. La refers to la hora."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una.", "Son las dos.", "Son las tres.", "Son las cuatro.", "Son las cinco.", "Son las seis.", "Son las siete.", "Son las ocho.", "Son las nueve.", "Son las diez.", "Son las once.", "Son las doce.", "It is one o'clock.", "It is two o'clock.", "It is three o'clock.", "It is four o'clock.", "It is five o'clock.", "It is six o'clock.", "It is seven o'clock.", "It is eight o'clock.", "It is nine o'clock.", "It is ten o'clock.", "It is eleven o'clock.", "It is twelve oclock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 295, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0295-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es bueno.", "Es difícil.", "Es fácil.", "Es imposible.", "Es importante.", "Es malo.", "Es mejor:", "Es necesario.", "Es posible.", "Es preciso.", "Es probable.", "Es una lástima.", "Es urgente.", "It is good.", "It is difficult.", "It is easy.", "It is impossible.", "It is important.", "It is bad.", "It is better.", "It is necessary.", "It is possible.", "It is necessary.", "It is probable.", "It's a shame. / It's a pity", "It is urgent."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 13, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 295, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.3", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser. Indicate whether the sentence expresses description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession, or an impersonal expression.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre ___________________ director. Él ___________________ de Chile. (___________________, ___________________)", "2. Ellos ___________________ doctores. Ella ___________________ profesora. (___________________, ___________________)", "3. ¿De dónde ___________________ los turistas? (___________________)", "4. Los hermanos de Pablo ___________________ simpáticos. (___________________)", "5. El hotel viejo ___________________ excelente. (___________________)", "6. Nosotros ___________________ amigos de Raúl. (___________________)", "7. Los guantes ___________________ de cuero. (___________________)", "8. La mujer y el hombre ___________________ de Ecuador. (___________________)", "9. Yo ___________________ de Puerto Rico. ¿De dónde ___________________ Ud.? (___________________, ___________________)", "10. El apartamento ___________________ de los estudiantes jóvenes. (___________________)", "11. ¿ ___________________ tú una estudiante maravillosa? (___________________)", "12. Los pantalones ___________________ verdes y rojos. (___________________)", "13. El café ___________________ de Colombia. (___________________)", "14. ¿Quién ___________________ el presidente de los Estados Unidos? (___________________)", "15. ___________________ preciso comer bien. (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Es la una. (telling time)", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "It's Pedro's idea. /", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man.", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)", "De + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish", "language; del is one of them. When de is followed by the masculine", "article el, meaning the, the words contract to del, meaning of the.", "You can see that these translations are not exact. There is no", "apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter's car, for example,", "the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro. Make sure you understand", "this concept, and use whichever English translation is clearest to you.", "La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "La huelga es en la universidad", "The party is at Joe's house.", "The concert is at the club.", "The protest is in the capital.", "The strike is at the university.", "An equivalent English translation for is in the examples above is", "take/takes place:", "The party takes place at Joe's house."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es, es (profession, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession, profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Es (impersonal expression)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.3 1. es, es (profession, point of origin) 2. son, es (profession, profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin, point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (profession) 12. son (description) 13. es (point of origin) 14. es (profession) 15. Es (impersonal expression)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es, es (profession, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession, profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Es (impersonal expression)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es, es (profession, point of origin) 2. son, es (profession, profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin, point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (profession) 12. son (description) 13. es (point of origin) 14. es (profession) 15. Es (impersonal expression)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.4", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser.", "extra": ["Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar."], "prompts": ["1. Helena ___________________ de Colombia.", "2. El hermano de ella ___________________ católico.", "3. Ellos ___________________ profesores excelentes.", "4. Los carros ___________________ grises.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ estudiantes.", "6. San Francisco ___________________ en California.", "7. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Yo ___________________ bien.", "8. El profesor ___________________ enfermo.", "9. Nosotros ___________________ en la clase.", "10. ¿ ___________________ tú triste?", "11. Los perros ___________________ en el carro."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Estás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.4 1. es 2. es 3. son 4. son 5. somos 6. está 7. estoy 8. está 9. estamos 10. Estás 11. están", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Estás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es 2. es 3. son 4. son 5. somos 6. está 7. estoy 8. está 9. estamos 10. Estás 11. están"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.5", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of either ser or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ español.", "2. Ellos ___________________ aquí.", "3. José y Juan ___________________ enfermos.", "4. Tú ___________________ abogado.", "5. La lección no ___________________ fácil.", "6. Los estudiantes ___________________ en la ciudad.", "7. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? Nosotros ___________________ bien, gracias.", "8. Hoy ___________________ miércoles. ¿Dónde ___________________ los doctores?", "9. El profesor ___________________ contento.", "10. Los espejos en el baño ___________________ grandes.", "11. La mesa, las sillas blancas y la lámpara ___________________ en la casa, pero la casa ___________________ pequeña.", "12. La amiga de Sara ___________________ enferma y Sara ___________________ triste.", "13. ¿De dónde ___________________ el vino blanco?", "14. Los muchachos y las muchachas ___________________ en el tren. Ellos ___________________ contentos porque ___________________ amigos.", "15. ¿Quién ___________________ en el parque?", "16. ¿Dónde ___________________ la sobrina de Fernando?", "17. ¿Qué hora ___________________?", "18. ___________________ las cuatro y media.", "19. La presentación ___________________ a las siete de la noche.", "20. ¿De qué color ___________________ la falda?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están, estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "es, están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "están, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "están, están, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.5 1. soy 2. están 3. están 4. eres 5. es 6. están 7. están, estamos 8. es, están 9. está 10. son 11. están, es 12. está, está 13. es 14. están, están, son 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. Son 19. es 20. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están, estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "es, están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "están, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "están, están, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. soy 2. están 3. están 4. eres 5. es 6. están 7. están, estamos 8. es, están 9. está 10. son 11. están, es 12. está, está 13. es 14. están, están, son 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. Son 19. es 20. es"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.6", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The dentists are in their offices.", "2. Everyone is sick. Even the doctors are sick.", "3. The soup is hot. The meal is delicious.", "4. It is necessary to study.", "5. Is it possible to learn everything?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los dentistas están en sus oficinas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Es necesario estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Es posible aprender todo?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.6 1. Los dentistas están en sus oficinas. 2. Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos. 3. La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa. 4. Es necesario estudiar. 5. ¿Es posible aprender todo?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los dentistas están en sus oficinas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Es necesario estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Es posible aprender todo?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los dentistas están en sus oficinas. 2. Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos. 3. La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa. 4. Es necesario estudiar. 5. ¿Es posible aprender todo?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Common Expressions with estar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["está bien", "estar a salvo", "estar bien", "estar con", "estar de acuerdo con", "estar de buen genio", "estar de buen humor", "estar de mal genio", "estar de mal humor", "estar de pie", "estar de rodillas", "estar de vacaciones", "estar de vuelta", "estar en peligro", "estar entre la vida y la muerte", "estar listo", "estar mal", "estar para", "estar por", "estar seguro", "estar sin", "okay, fine", "to be safe", "to be fine", "to be with", "to be in agreement with", "to be in a good mood", "to be in a good mood", "to be in a bad mood", "to be in a bad mood", "to be standing up", "to be on one's knees", "to be on vacation", "to be returning", "to be in danger", "to be between life and death", "to be ready", "to be bad (adverb)", "to be about to", "to be in favor of", "to be sure", "to he without"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In general, estar is used with the adjectives frío, caliente, sucio, and limpio."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El agua está fría.", "La sopa está caliente.", "Mi apartamento está sucio.", "La casa de María está limpia.", "The water is cold.", "The soup is hot.", "My apartment is dirty", "María's house is clean."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Common Expressions with ser"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser bueno", "ser malo", "ser listo", "ser todo oídos", "to be good", "to be bad", "to be clever", "to he all ears"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Ser and estar and Description"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned that ser is used for basic description, as in the following examples:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is white."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The floor is gray."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "We are intelligent."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, there are specific situations with description in which estar is used. Following are examples of typical uses of ser for description, contrasted with related specific uses of estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0300-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Food", "When talking about food in general, use ser:", "El pescado es bueno para la salud.", "Fish is good for health.", "La carne es mala para la presión.", "Meat is bad for the blood pressure", "When giving an opinion about food, use estar.", "Esta comida está mala.", "This meal is bad.", "El pescado está bueno.", "The fish is good.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "The soup is delicious.", "Las papas están deliciosas.", "The potatoes are delicious.", "Appearance", "When stating an inherent characteristic, use ser.", "Ella es hermosa.", "She is beautiful.", "Él es gordo.", "He is fat.", "La actriz es vieja.", "The actress is old.", "Mis amigas son delgadas.", "My friends are slender.", "When giving an opinion about appearance, use estar.", "Ella está hermosa.", "She looks beautiful.", "Él está gordo.", "He looks fat to me.", "(He has gotten fat.)", "La actriz está vieja.", "The actress looks old."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 300, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0301-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Classification", "When an adjective applies to something that exists without exception, use", "ser.", "Los seres humanos son mortales.", "La sangre es roja.", "Human beings are mortal.", "Blood is red.", "El agua es necesaria para la vida.", "El oxígeno es indispensable para", "Water is necessary for life.", "Oxygen is indispensable for living", "los seres vivos.", "beings.", "La nieve es blanca.", "Snow is white.", "El cielo es azul.", "The sky is blue.", "When the description is outside the known or cultural norm, use estar:", "La nieve está roja por la sangre.", "The snow is red because of", "the blood.", "El cielo está anaranjado y amarillo", "por la puesta del sol.", "La puerta está azul marino por", "el sol fuerte.", "Los labios del niño están azules", "porque está congelado.", "The sky is orange and yellow", "because of the sunset.", "The door looks navy blue because", "of the strong sun.", "The child's lips are blue because", "he is freezing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 301, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.7", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser or estar, according to the meaning of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El niño ___________________ de mal genio hoy. Su mamá no sabe que hacer.", "2. ___________________ o no ___________________; es la cuestión.", "3. La reunión ___________________ en el segundo piso.", "4. Las flores que los estudiantes me regalan ___________________ en el salón.", "5. ¿Dónde ___________________ yo?", "6. ¿Cómo sabes quien ___________________ (tú)?", "7. ¿Qué hora ___________________? ___________________ las dos.", "8. ¿Cuál ___________________ la fecha de hoy?", "9. ___________________ las once de la noche. Ya ___________________ tarde.", "10. ___________________ demasiado temprano para levantarse.", "11. Hoy ___________________ lunes, el cinco de mayo.", "12. El estudiante trabaja mucho para ___________________ doctor.", "13. La muchacha llora sin ___________________ triste.", "14. El agua ___________________ fría.", "15. Esta comida de tu madre ___________________ sabrosa.", "16. Con los problemas que él tiene, no me explico como este hombre ___________________ tan contento.", "17. Tu rival ___________________ más listo que tú en esta ocasión.", "18. La comida que sirven aquí ___________________ caliente.", "19. Luis y su familia ___________________ muy alegres de haberse ganado la lotería.", "20. Este cuarto ___________________ la habitación más bonita de la casa.", "21. ¿Quién ___________________ en peligro en una ciudad grande?", "22. No hay cupo en el tren y yo tengo que ___________________ de pie.", "23. La mujer ___________________ muy enferma; ___________________ entre la vida y la muerte.", "24. La profesora tiene una opinión pero sus estudiantes no ___________________ de acuerdo con ella.", "25. Siempre escucho las noticias. Yo ___________________ todo oídos.", "26. El agua ___________________ necesaria para la vida.", "27. La clase ___________________ para terminar y todo el mundo ___________________ para salir.", "28. El cielo ___________________ gris.", "29. Nosotros ___________________ sin un paraguas.", "30. Esta lección ___________________ difícil."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "es, Son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Son, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.7 1. está 2. Ser, ser 3. es 4. están 5. estoy 6. eres 7. es, Son 8. es 9. Son, es 10. Es 11. es 12. ser 13. estar 14. está 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. está 19. están 20. es 21. está 22. estar 23. está, está 24. están 25. soy 26. es 27. está, está 28. está 29. estamos 30. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "es, Son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Son, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está 2. Ser, ser 3. es 4. están 5. estoy 6. eres 7. es, Son 8. es 9. Son, es 10. Es 11. es 12. ser 13. estar 14. está 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. está 19. están 20. es 21. está 22. estar 23. está, está 24. están 25. soy 26. es 27. está, está 28. está 29. estamos 30. es"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Machu Picchu Ancient Mountain"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Machu Picchu es uno de los sitios más impresionantes del mundo. La ciudad antigua de los incas, construida en 1450 de piedras enormes y jardines maravillosos, está en Perú a 120 kilómetros de Cuzco, un pueblo colonial."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el año 1979. Estoy en Cuzco con un grupo turístico. Al principio, somos un buen grupo. Pero con en el calor insoportable del verano, el grupo cambia y somos todos contra uno y uno contra todos. En este sitio tan espiritual, en la cumbre de las montañas de los incas, bajo una vista majestuosa de las montañas, donde uno está cerca de los dioses de los incas y lejos de la civilización conocida, somos enemigos mortales."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El bus de regreso está lleno de pasajeros. Son las cuatro de la tarde y estamos de vuelta. Estoy sola ahora y según el refrán “es mejor estar sola que mal acompañada”."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0303-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "cambiar", "estar", "ser", "Preposiciones", "contra", "según", "Adjetivos", "conocido", "construido", "insoportable", "lleno", "Expresiones", "al principio", "en la cumbre", "to change", "to be", "to be", "against", "according to", "known", "constructed", "unbearable", "full", "at the beginning", "on the top (of a mountain)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 303, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es el/la protagonista mujer u hombre? ¿Cómo sabe Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es Machu Picchu?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Es una buena experiencia para el grupo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál estación es? ¿Cómo es el clima?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch17", "number": 17, "title": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Preterit Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses action completed in the past. The English translation is usually the simple past. The preterit is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action completed in the past (action with a definite end)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A series of actions completed in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A condition that is no longer in effect"}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This list of words is often used when referring to past actions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios y Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0305-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["anoche", "ayer", "anteayer", "hace", "hace dos días", "pasado", "la semana pasada", "el mes pasado", "el año pasado", "last night", "yesterday", "the day before yesterday", "ago (when it is used before a period of time", "in the past)", "two days ago", "past, last", "last week", "last month", "last year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 305, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Keep in mind that the action or actions expressed by the preterit have been completed. It doesn’t make any difference how long the action went on before; the action has a definite end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugation of estar in the preterit follows. Remember the three primary uses of estar: location, health, and changing mood or condition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0306-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "él estuvo", "ella estuvo", "Ud estuvo", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "ellos estuvieron", "ellas estuvieron", "Uds estuvieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 306, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0306-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Location", "Estuvimos en la escuela a las", "once esta mañana.", "¿Dónde estuviste anoche?", "Mis estudiantes estuvieron en", "clase ayer a las tres.", "• Health", "Mi amigo estuvo con gripe el", "mes pasado, pero está bien hoy.", "Isabel y su hermana estuvieron", "enfermas el martes, pero están", "mucho mejor hoy.", "¿Cómo estuviste tú esta mañana?", "Changing mood or condition", "¿Estuviste de mal humor ayer?", "Las mujeres estuvieron alegres", "hasta las dos.", "Estuvimos tristes por una hora.", "We were at school at eleven o'clock", "this morning.", "Where were you last night?", "My students were in class", "yesterday at three o'clock.", "My friend had the flu last month,", "but he is fine today.", "Isabel and her sister were sick", "on Tuesday, but they are much", "better today.", "How were you this morning?", "Were you in a bad mood", "yesterday?", "The women were happy until two", "ơ'clock.", "We were sad for an hour."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 306, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0307-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "él fue", "ella fue", "Ud fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "ellos fueron", "ellas fueron", "Uds fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 307, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit of ser is used most often for profession and identification."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0307-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Profession", "Antonio fue médico de nuestro", "pueblo.", "Fui cantante hace mucho tiempo.", "¿Fue Ud. la maestra de la clase?", "• Identification", "Fue un buen hombre.", "Fuimos amigos.", "Las negociaciones fueron a favor", "de la paz.", "Tony was the doctor of our town.", "I was a singer a long time ago.", "Were you the teacher of the class!", "He was a good man.", "We were friends.", "The negotiations were in favor", "of peace."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 307, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.1", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of ser or estar, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella es profesora hoy, pero antes ___________________ azafata.", "2. Yo ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ muy contentos ayer porque nos ganamos la lotería.", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ Manuel en la cárcel sin decirnos nada?", "5. Ellos ___________________ en el supermercado hoy para comprar alimentos.", "6. La semana pasada, Raúl ___________________ en México. Regresó a casa ayer.", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ enfermos anteayer, pero están bien hoy.", "8. ___________________ una buena idea.", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ la familia de Federico esta tarde?", "10. ¿Quiénes ___________________ en la librería a las nueve y media esta mañana?", "11. Yo ___________________ por irme de vacaciones, pero me faltó valor.", "12. Nosotros ___________________ de pie la mayor parte del concierto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.1 1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. estuvo 5. estuvieron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. estuvieron 11. estuve 12. estuvimos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. estuvo 5. estuvieron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. estuvieron 11. estuve 12. estuvimos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser and estar with Description in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "On an advanced level, there are situations in which the speaker can decide whether to use ser or estar in the preterit tense with adjectives. A Spanish speaker can say, for example:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El concierto fue fantástico.", "The concert was fantastic"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With this sentence, the speaker transmits a “categorical” judgment, a completed absolute fact."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, a Spanish speaker may choose to say:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El concierto estuvo fantástico.", "The concert was fantastic"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This sentence is more descriptive and represents a “circumstantial” judgment."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Descriptive Judgments"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When examples such as these are presented to native speakers, all generally opine that both are correct, and the majority do not find any perceptible difference between the two. Those who do find some difference are not always able to articulate exactly what this difference is."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La cantante fue maravillosa.", "La cantante estuvo maravillosa.", "Me gustó la clase. Fue buena.", "Me gustó la clase. Estuvo buena.", "The singer was marvelous.", "(statement of fact)", "The singer was marvelous.", "(opinion indicating that", "the concertgoer enjoyed", "the performance)", "I liked the class. It was good.", "(statement of fact; a categorical", "statement about the class)", "I liked the class. It was good.", "(circumstantial judgment)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8636363636363636, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses action in the past that is not seen as completed. The imperfect is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that “sets the stage” for another past action"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that expresses a narration, background, or situation in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Repeated, habitual, and customary actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Continuous actions or actions in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Description in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling time in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling one’s age (with tener) in the past"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estaba", "tú estabas", "él estaba", "ella estaba", "Ud. estaba", "nosotros estábamos", "vosotros estabais", "ellos estaban", "ellas estaban", "Uds. estaban"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9090909090909091, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 309, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0309-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Location", "Los enamorados estaban a la", "sombra de un árbol.", "El bolígrafo estaba debajo de la", "mesa.", "¿Dónde estaban Uds. anoche?", "Estábamos en el teatro.", "• Health", "El hombre estaba cansado,", "pero siguió con su trabajo.", "Las pacientes estaban en el", "hospital porque estaban", "enfermas.", "The lovers were in the shade", "of a tree.", "The pen was under the table.", "Where were you last night?", "We were in the theater.", "The man was tired, but he", "continued with his work.", "The patients were in the hospital", "because they were sick."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8478260869565217, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 309, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Changing mood or condition", "¿Por qué estaba triste la mujer?", "Los niños estaban alegres por", "no tener clases.", "Why was the woman sad?", "The children were happy because", "of not having class.", "Personal opinion about food or appearance", "La comida estaba buena.", "The meal was good.", "El pescado estaba delicioso.", "The fish tasted delicious.", "Las mujeres estaban bonitas.", "The women looked pretty."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo era", "tú eras", "él era", "ella era", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellos eran", "ellas eran", "Uds. eran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You learned that ser can be used in the preterit for profession and identification. The other uses of ser are best served by the imperfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "• Description in the past", "La casa era blanca.", "Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero", "tenía el pelo negro.", "Era un caluroso día del mes de", "julio cuando nos vimos.", "Era agosto, lo recuerdo bien.", "•", "• Point of origin in the past", "El hombre era de Perú.", "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", "The house was white.", "Our neighbor was old, but he had", "black hair.", "It was a hot day in the month of", "July when we saw each other.", "It was August, I remember it well.", "The man was from Peru.", "His friends were from Chile.", "The red flowers were from Bolivia"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Telling time in the past", "Eran las cinco y Federico iba a", "la tienda por última vez.", "¿Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde.", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "Eran las tres menos diez de la", "tarde cuando el profesor llegó.", "Identification in the past", "Era un buen hombre.", "Mi tío siempre era más alto que", "yo.", "Éramos siempre buenos amigos.", "It was five o'clock, and Fred was", "going to the store for the last", "time.", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping.", "It was ten to three in the afternoon", "when the professor arrived.", "He was a good man.", "My uncle was always taller than I.", "We were always good friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Preterit or Imperfect Determined by the Speaker"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can use both the preterit and imperfect tenses in expressing relationships and in impersonal expressions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Relationships"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fuimos buenos amigos.", "Éramos buenos amigos.", "We were good friends", "We were good friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9897959183673469, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this example, the English translations are the same, but when you use the preterit in Spanish, it means that the action is completed; the friendship is over."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fue bueno.", "Era bueno.", "It was good", "It was good"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The use of the preterit or imperfect in these situations is a choice made by the speaker; the speaker decides whether the action is completed."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.2", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans2", "instruction": "Review ser and estar in the imperfect, then rewrite the following sentences, changing the verb from the present tense to the imperfect.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mi padre es de Polonia. Mi padre era de Polonia.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo soy de Venezuela. ___________________", "2. Ellos son de España. ___________________", "3. ¿Qué hora es? ___________________", "4. Nosotros estamos bien. ___________________", "5. Mi jardín es el más hermoso de la ciudad.", "_______________________________________________", "6. Los tres amigos están aquí. ___________________", "7. No estoy cansada. ___________________", "8. Somos cantantes. ___________________", "9. ¿Dónde estás? ___________________", "10. Yo estoy en la casa con mi hermana."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo era de Venezuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Yo no estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.2 1. Yo era de Venezuela. 2. Ellos eran de España. 3. ¿Qué hora era? 4. Nosotros estábamos bien. 5. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 6. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 7. Yo no estaba cansada. 8. Éramos cantantes. 9. ¿Dónde estabas? 10. Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo era de Venezuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Yo no estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo era de Venezuela. 2. Ellos eran de España. 3. ¿Qué hora era? 4. Nosotros estábamos bien. 5. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 6. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 7. Yo no estaba cansada. 8. Éramos cantantes. 9. ¿Dónde estabas? 10. Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.3", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser or estar in the preterit or imperfect, according to the meaning of the sentence.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Lorenzo fue escritor. Ahora es bombero."], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ camarero. Ahora soy maestro.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ en el banco precisamente a las nueve esta mañana.", "3. Ayer, ___________________ un día de mucha lluvia. Hace buen tiempo hoy.", "4. El paciente ___________________ en la oficina del doctor a las siete de la mañana para su operación.", "5. Carlos ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "6. ___________________ la última vez que yo ___________________ a la playa.", "7. ¿Quién ___________________ el presidente en el año mil novecientos noventa y dos?", "8. La situación no ___________________ tan grave.", "9. ___________________ las dos cuando sonó el despertador.", "10. El hombre ___________________ de Perú.", "11. ¿Qué día ___________________ cuando ella se graduó?", "12. Me gustó la obra de teatro. ___________________ buena.", "13. Nosotros ___________________ enfermos ayer, pero nos sentimos bien hoy.", "14. ___________________ difícil recordar todo.", "15. ___________________ una buena idea, pero no vamos a usarla."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Eran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "estuvo/fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.3 1. fui 2. estuvimos 3. era 4. estuvo 5. fue 6. fue, fui 7. era 8. era 9. Eran 10. era 11. era 12. estuvo/fue 13. estuvimos 14. Era/Fue 15. Era/Fue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Eran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "estuvo/fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fui 2. estuvimos 3. era 4. estuvo 5. fue 6. fue, fui 7. era 8. era 9. Eran 10. era 11. era 12. estuvo/fue 13. estuvimos 14. Era/Fue 15. Era/Fue"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs are regular in the preterit tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the preterit, drop the ending and add -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudé", "nosotros ayudamos", "tú ayudaste", "vosotros ayudasteis", "Ud. ayudó", "Uds. ayudaron", "pensar to think", "yo pensé", "tú pensaste", "ella pensó", "nosotros pensamos", "vosotros pensasteis", "ellas pensaron", "cantar to sing", "yo canté", "tú cantaste", "él cantó", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantasteis", "ellos cantaron", "recordar to remember", "yo recordé", "nosotros recordamos", "tú recordaste", "vosotros recordasteis", "ella recordó", "ellas recordaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 313, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms carry written accents. It is very important to practice the pronunciation, stressing the accented syllable. Pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can té, tú can tas te, Ud. can tó, nosotros can ta mos, vosotros can tas teis, ellos can ta ron. Review the basic pronunciation rules: All words that end in n, s, or a vowel have the stress on the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit first-person plural nosotros form is identical to the present indicative form. Context clarifies whether the verb is in the present or preterit tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterit, drop the ending and add -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comer to eat", "yo comí", "tú comiste", "él comió", "ver to see", "yo vi", "tú viste", "Ud. vio", "nosotros comimos", "vosotros comisteis", "ellos comieron", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "Uds. vieron", "entender to understand", "yo entendí", "nosotros entendimos", "tú entendiste", "vosotros entendisteis", "ella entendió", "ellas entendieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 314, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0314-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir to share", "yo comparti", "nosotros compartimos", "tú compartiste", "vosotros compartisteis", "él compartió", "ellos compartieron", "descubrir to discover", "yo descubrí", "nosotros descubrimos", "tú descubriste", "vosotros descubristeis", "Ud. descubrió", "Uds. descubrieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 314, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["salir to leave, to go out", "yo salí", "nosotros salimos", "tú saliste", "vosotros salisteis", "ella clo", "ellas salieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the verb ver is regular. It does not carry an accent mark on the third-person singular form vio, because the form has only one syllable. The nosotros form of -ir verbs in the preterit is identical to the present indicative form. Its meaning becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following verbs have a stem change in the preterit. This stem change occurs only in the third-person singular and plural forms of the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mentir to lie", "yo menti", "tú mentiste", "Ud. mintió", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentisteis", "Uds. mintieron", "dormir to sleep", "yo dormí", "nosotros dormimos", "tú dormiste", "vosotros dormisteis", "ella durmió", "ellas durmieron", "pedir to request, to ask for", "yo pedí", "nosotros pedimos", "tú pediste", "él pidió", "vosotros pedisteis", "ellos pidieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that are irregular in the preterit have an irregular stem and a special set of endings. Note that the endings do not carry accent marks. To conjugate an irregular verb in the preterit, add the endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the irregular stems."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar to walk, to stroll", "yo anduve", "nosotros anduvimos", "tú anduviste", "vosotros anduvisteis", "él anduvo", "ellos anduvieron", "caber to fit (one thing inside", "another)", "yo cupe", "tú cupiste", "ella cupo", "nosotros cupimos", "vosotros cupisteis", "ellas cupieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "Ud. estuvo", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "Uds. estuvieron", "poder to be able, can", "yo pude", "nosotros pudimos", "tú pudiste", "vosotros pudisteis", "Ud. pudo", "Uds. pudieron", "querer to want", "yo quise", "tú quisiste", "ella quiso", "nosotros quisimos", "vosotros quisisteis", "ellas quisieron", "tener to have", "yo tuve", "tú tuviste", "é tuvo", "nosotros tuvimos", "vosotros tuvisteis", "ellos tuvieron", "hacer to do, to make", "yo hice", "nosotros hicimos", "tú hiciste", "vosotros hicisteis", "él hizo", "ellos hicieron", "poner to put", "yo puse", "tú pusiste", "nosotros pusimos", "vosotros pusisteis", "él puso", "ellos pusieron", "saber to know, to know how", "yo supe", "nosotros supimos", "tú supiste", "vosotros supisteis", "Ud. supo", "Uds. supieron", "venir to come", "yo vine", "tú viniste", "él vino", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros vinisteis", "ellos vinieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9204545454545454, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the irregular preterit stem ends in -j, the third-person endings become -o and -eron."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir to say, to tell", "yo dije", "nosotros dijimos", "tú dijiste", "vosotros dijisteis", "ella dijo", "ellas dijeron", "traer to bring", "yo traje", "tú trajiste", "él trajo", "nosotros trajimos", "vosotros trajisteis", "ellos trajeron", "producir to produce", "yo produje", "nosotros produjimos", "tú produjiste", "vosotros produjisteis", "Ud. produjo", "Uds. produjeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dar, ir, and ser have different sets of endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar to give", "yo di", "tú diste", "ella di", "nosotros dimos", "vosotros disteis", "ellas dieron", "ir to go", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "Ud fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "Uds. fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9204545454545454, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0317-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "e fue", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "ellos fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 317, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular form of haber in the preterit is hubo, meaning there was, there were, was there?, were there?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to memorize the preterit forms of all the irregular verbs, so that you will be able to use any verb you wish in the preterit."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban to the stem. The first- and third-person singular forms (yo, él, ella, Ud.) are identical."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acompañar to acompany", "yo acompañaba", "nosotros acompañábamos", "tú acompañabas", "vosotros acompañabais", "él acompañaba", "ellos acompañaban", "dar to give", "yo daba", "tú dabas", "ella daba", "nosotros dábamos", "vosotros dabais", "ellas daban", "trabajar to work", "yo trabajaba", "tú trabajabas", "Ud. trabajaba", "nosotros trabajábamos", "vosotros trabajabais", "Uds. trabajaban"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 317, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are no irregular -ar verbs in the imperfect. Practice the pronunciation of the verb conjugations above. There are one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and four-syllable verbs. Be sure to pronounce the imperfect in this way: yo traba ja ba, tú traba ja bas, él traba ja ba, nosotros traba já bamos, vosotros traba ja bais, ellos traba ja ban."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs. The first- and third-person singular forms are identical."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0318-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer to do, to make", "yo hacía", "nosotros hacíamos", "tú hacías", "vosotros hacíais", "ella hacía", "ellas hacían", "querer to want", "yo quería", "nosotros queríamos", "tú querías", "vosotros queríais", "él quería", "ellos querían", "tener to have", "yo tenía", "nosotros teníamos", "tú tenías", "vosotros teníais", "Ud tenía", "Uds tenían", "poder to be able, can", "yo podía", "nosotros pedimos", "tú podías", "vosotros podíais", "Ud. podía Uds. podían", "saber to know, to know how", "yo sabía", "nosotros sabíamos", "tú sabías", "vosotros sabíais", "ella sabía", "ellas sabían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9111111111111111, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 318, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular form of haber in the imperfect is había, meaning there was, there were, was there?, were there?"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0318-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir to say, to tell", "yo decía", "nosotros decíamos", "tú decías", "vosotros decíais", "&l decia", "ellos decian", "sentirse to feel (an emotion)", "me sentía", "nos sentíamos", "te sentías", "os sentíais", "Ud. se sentía", "Uds se sentían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 318, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo venía", "tú venías", "é venia", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros veníais", "ellos venian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir to go", "yo iba", "tú ibas", "él iba", "ver to see", "yo veía", "tú veías", "Ud veía", "nosotros íbamos", "vosotros ibais", "ellos iban", "nosotros veíamos", "vosotros veíais", "Uds veían", "ser to be", "yo era", "tú eras", "ella era", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellas eran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of ir in the imperfect is was going, were going."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iba a hablar.", "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "in carra", "I was going to speak.", "We were going to buy a car"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the preterit is a completed action. The imperfect is often an action that was repeated in the past."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella llegó ayer.", "Ella llegaba a la cinco todos los", "días.", "La semana pasada, leí un buen", "libro.", "Antes, yo leía mucho.", "Beatriz vino a verme.", "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía", "a verme.", "She arrived yesterday.", "She arrived at five ơ'clock every", "day.", "Last week, I read a good book.", "Before, I used to read a lot.", "Beatriz came to see me.", "He told me that Beatriz was", "coming to see me."], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.", "I got up at six o'clock this morning", "Me levantaba tarde.", "I used to get up late.", "Fui a la tienda.", "I went to the store.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi a José.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw Joe.", "Fuimos a la playa hoy.", "We went to the beach today.", "Ibamos a la playa todos los", "We used to go the beach every", "veranos.", "summer.", "¿Qué me dijiste hace dos minutos?", "What did you tell me two minutes", "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro", "ago?", "ladró?", "What were you saying to me when", "the dog barked?", "Marta comió temprano esta", "Martha ate early this morning", "mañana.", "Marta siempre comía temprano.", "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta.", "Eduardo hizo su tarea.", "Eduardo siempre hacía su tarea", "los lunes.", "¿Qué compró Ud. ayer?", "¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando lo", "llamé?", "Caminamos al parque hoy.", "Caminábamos al parque todos", "los días.", "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde.", "Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", "Ella tuvo una operación anoche.", "Él no tenía tiempo para verla.", "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las", "ocho.", "Ella siempre dormía hasta tarde.", "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.", "No la conociamos bien", "Martha always ate early.", "My father paid the bill yesterday.", "My father always paid the bill.", "Edward did his homework.", "Edward always did his homework", "on Mondays.", "What did you buy yesterday?", "What were you buying when", "I called you?", "We walked to the park today.", "We used to walk to the park every", "day.", "We received a check this morning.", "We used to receive checks every", "week.", "She had an operation last night.", "He didn't have time to see her.", "Last night, she slept until eight", "ơ'clock.", "She always slept late.", "We met Sylvia in Colombia.", "We didt know her well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9193548387096774, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 320, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.4", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans4", "instruction": "Preterit or imperfect? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú la comida ayer? (comprar)", "2. Anoche, yo ___________________ el vino a la fiesta. (traer)", "3. ___________________ mediodía y el niño ___________________ hambre. (ser/tener)", "4. ___________________ a llover y yo ___________________ la ventana. (empezar/cerrar)", "5. La muchacha ___________________ la calle cuando su mamá la ___________________. (cruzar/llamar)", "6. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds. esta mañana precisamente a las nueve? (estar)", "7. Nosotros ___________________ en el parque cuando ___________________ el animal exótico. (andar/ver)", "8. El taxista nos ___________________ veinte dólares. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "9. Nosotros les ___________________ cartas a nuestros parientes desde Bolivia, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "10. Yo ___________________ por la calle equivocada cuando ___________________ que no ___________________ donde ___________________. (caminar/darse cuenta de/saber/estar)", "11. Me agrada su amigo. ¿Dónde lo ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)", "12. Pedro y sus amigos ___________________ todas las noches antes de acostarse. (divertirse)", "13. Melisa ___________________ al cine cada domingo durante su juventud. (ir)", "14. Los viajeros de Inglaterra ___________________ a mi casa la semana pasada y ___________________ conmigo hasta hoy. (llegar/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.4 1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba. 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba. 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Marianela por Benito Pérez Galdós"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pérez Galdós nació en las Islas Canarias y es mejor conocido por sus vistas de la sociedad española. Se murió en 1920 en Madrid."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Aquel día Pablo y Marianela salieron al campo. Con ellos iba Choto, su perro fiel. El día estaba hermoso. El aire era suave y fresco, y el sol calentaba sin quemar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“¿Adónde vamos hoy?” preguntó Pablo, que era ciego de nacimiento."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Adonde quiera Ud., señor,” contestó Marianela, que era su guía."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Marianela parecía crecer y adquirir nuevas fuerzas, cuando estaba al lado de su amo y amigo. Junto a él, se sentía llena de alegría. Al apartarse de él, sentía una profunda tristeza."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pablo participaba de los mismos sentimientos hacia Marianela. En cierta ocasión le había dicho Pablo a la joven: Antes yo creía que era de día cuando hablaba la gente; y que era de noche, cuando la gente callaba y cantaban los gallos. Ahora, no hago las mismas comparaciones. Es de día cuando estamos juntos tú y yo; es de noche, cuando nos separamos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de caminar un rato, llegaron a un lugar donde había muchas flores. Ambos se detuvieron. Pablo se sentó, y Marianela se puso a recoger flores para su amo. Los dos eran muy felices."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0322-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["adquirir", "apartarse", "calentar", "callar", "crecer", "detenerse", "había dicho", "ponerse (a)", "quemar", "recoger", "to acquire", "to separate", "to warm", "to quiet", "to grow", "to detain", "had said (past perfect tense,", "to begin to", "to burn", "to pick up"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9508196721311475, "cardCount": 10, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 322, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0322-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amo", "los gallos", "the boss", "the roosters"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9508196721311475, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 322, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preposición"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacia", "touard"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9081632653061225, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ciego", "fiel", "juntos", "blind", "faithful", "together"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9081632653061225, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al + infinitive", "al apartarse", "upon (doing something)", "upon separating"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Quiénes son los personajes en el cuento? ¿Quién los acompaña?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo se sienten juntos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo se sienten separados?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch18", "number": 18, "title": "The Present Progressive Tense", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the present progressive tense expresses action that is occurring at the moment, action that is in progress. It is equivalent to the English present progressive (The woman is singing, for example). This tense is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that is in progress"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that is occurring in the moment"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Emphasis for an action that is happening right now"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Indicative Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present indicative tense in Spanish expresses both the English simple present (I sing, I do sing) and the English present progressive (I am singing)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0324-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta una canción triste.", "She sings a sad song.", "She does sing a sad song.", "She is singing a sad song"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7741935483870968, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 324, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you don’t need to describe what is happening right now, use the simple present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0324-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Toco el violín.", "Ella nada en el verano.", "Mis primos viven en México.", "Siempre nos divertimos los", "viernes.", "¿Por qué te ríes todo el tiempo?", "I play the violin.", "She swims in the summer.", "My cousins live in Mexico.", "We always have a good time on", "Fridays.", "Why do you laugh all the time!"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7916666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 324, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present progressive is a compound tense in Spanish, as it is in English. It is formed by conjugating estar in the present tense and adding the present participle of the main verb. The present participle, hereafter referred to as the gerund, is the -ing form of a verb in English. The tense is also called the present continuous."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Gerund Formation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund is formed by adding -ando or -iendo to the stem of the infinitive. In English, the gerund ends in -ing. Practice the following verb forms aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of all -ar verbs, drop the ending and add -ando to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar", "adivinar", "alquilar", "arreglar", "arriesgar", "bajar", "comenzar", "entregar", "esperar", "fregar", "jugar", "mostrar", "pensar", "probar", "recordar", "sacar", "sonar", "temblar", "volar", "abrazando", "adivinando", "alquilando", "arreglando", "arriesgando", "bajando", "comenzando", "entregando", "esperando", "fregando", "jugando", "mostrando", "pensando", "probando", "recordando", "sacando", "soñando", "temblando", "volando", "embracing", "guessing", "renting", "arranging, repairing, fixing", "risking", "descending, going down", "beginning", "delivering, handing in", "waiting", "scrubbing, washing dishes", "playing", "showing", "thinking", "testing, proving", "remembering", "taking out, getting", "dreaming", "trembling", "flying"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 325, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of most -er verbs, drop the ending and add -iendo to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber", "comer", "correr", "coser", "devolver", "hacer", "mover", "perder", "poner", "volver", "bebiendo", "comiendo", "corriendo", "cosiendo", "devolviendo", "haciendo", "moviendo", "perdiendo", "poniendo", "volviendo", "drinking", "eating", "running", "sewing", "returning (an object)", "doing, making", "moving (an object)", "losing", "putting", "returning"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of regular -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -iendo to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir", "compartir", "decidir", "escribir", "insistir", "recibir", "subir", "sufrir", "abriendo", "compartiendo", "decidiendo", "escribiendo", "insistiendo", "recibiendo", "subiendo", "sufriendo", "opening", "sharing", "deciding", "writing", "insisting", "receiving", "ascending, going up", "suffering"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Orthographic Changes in -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel form the gerund using -yendo instead of -iendo in order to avoid having three vowels in a row. These are not irregular forms; it is an orthographic change."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atraer", "caer", "creer", "atrayendo", "cayendo", "creyendo", "attracting", "falling", "believing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["leer", "poseer", "traer", "leyendo", "poseyendo", "trayendo", "reading", "possessing", "bringing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "contribuir", "destruir", "huir", "oír", "construyendo", "contribuyendo", "destruyendo", "huyendo", "oyendo", "constructing, building", "contributing", "destroying", "fleeing", "hearing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nearly all gerunds are formed regularly. The only verbs that show an irregularity in the gerund are the -ir stem-changing verbs in the present indicative tense. Learn these irregular gerunds now, and you’ll be able to form all the gerunds easily."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Forming the gerund of irregular -ir verbs with o > ue and o > u changes in the stem"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dormir", "morir", "Present Tense", "• > ue", "duermo", "muero", "Gerund", "• > u", "durmiendo", "muriendo", "English", "sleeping", "dying"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Forming the gerund of irregular -ir verbs with e > ie and e > i changes in the stem"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "advertir", "hervir", "mentir", "preferir", "referir", "sentir", "sugerir", "Present Tense", "e > ie", "advierto", "hiervo", "miento", "prefiero", "refiero", "siento", "sugiero", "Gerund", "e > i", "advirtiendo", "hirviendo", "mintiendo", "prefiriendo", "refiriendo", "sintiendo", "sugiriendo", "English", "warning", "boiling", "lying", "preferring", "referring", "regretting", "suggesting"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bendecir", "competir", "conseguir", "corregir", "decir", "elegir", "freír", "gemir", "medir", "pedir", "repetir", "seguir", "servir", "sonreír", "Present Tense", "e > i", "bendigo", "compito", "consigo", "corrijo", "digo", "elijo", "frío", "gimo", "mido", "pido", "repito", "sigo", "sirvo", "sonrío", "Gerund", "e > i", "bendiciendo", "compitiendo", "consiguiendo", "corrigiendo", "diciendo", "eligiendo", "friendo", "gimiendo", "midiendo", "pidiendo", "repitiendo", "siguiendo", "sirviendo", "sonriendo", "English", "blessing", "competing", "obtaining", "correcting", "saying, telling", "electing", "frying", "groaning", "measuring", "requesting", "repeating", "following", "serving", "smiling"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 328, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.1", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans1", "instruction": "Write the gerund of the following infinitives.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. hablar", "2. besar", "3. andar", "4. Viajar", "5. limpiar", "6. cenar", "7. sacar", "8. beber", "9. comer", "10. aprender", "11. agradecer", "12. escoger", "13. ver", "14. abrir", "15. asistir", "16. insistir", "17. permitir", "18. prohibir", "19. creer", "20. leer", "21. traer", "22. huir", "23. ofr", "24. servir", "25. pedir", "26. corregir", "27. repetir", "28. seguir", "30. morir", "31. decir"], "ocrLines": ["1. hablar", "2. besar", "3. andar", "4. Viajar", "5. limpiar", "6. cenar", "7. sacar", "8. beber", "9. comer", "10. aprender", "11. agradecer", "12. escoger", "13. ver", "14. abrir", "15. asistir", "16. insistir", "17. permitir", "18. prohibir", "19. creer", "20. leer", "21. traer", "22. huir", "23. ofr", "24. servir", "25. pedir", "26. corregir", "27. repetir", "28. seguir", "29 dormir", "30. morir", "31. decir", "32 hacer", "Infinitive", "advertir", "hervir", "mentir", "preferir", "referir", "sentir", "sugerir", "bendecir", "competir", "conseguir", "corregir", "decir", "elegir", "freír", "gemir", "medir", "pedir", "repetir", "00 Ш", "servir", "sonreír", "Present Tense", "e > ie", "advierto", "hiervo", "miento", "prefiero", "refiero", "siento", "sugiero", "e > i", "bendigo", "compito", "consigo", "corrijo", "digo", "elijo", "frio", "gimo", "mido", "pido", "repito", "120", "sirvo", "sonrío", "Gerund", "advirtiendo", "hirviendo", "mintiendo", "prefiriendo", "refiriendo", "sintiendo", "sugiriendo", "bendiciendo", "compitiendo", "consiguiendo", "corrigiendo", "diciendo", "eligiendo", "friendo", "gimiendo", "midiendo", "pidiendo", "repitiendo", "siguiendo", "sirviendo", "sonriendo", "Exercise 18.1", "Write the gerund of the following infinitives.", "English", "warning", "boiling", "lying", "preferring", "referring", "regretting", "suggesting", "blessing", "competing", "obtaining", "correcting", "saying, telling", "electing", "frying", "groaning", "measuring", "requesting", "repeating", "following", "serving", "smiling"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "besando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "andando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "viajando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "limpiando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cenando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sacando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "bebiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "aprendiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "agradeciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "escogiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "viendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "abriendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "asistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "insistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "permitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "prohibiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "creyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "trayendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "huyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "oyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "sirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "pidiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "muriendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.1 1. hablando 2. besando 3. andando 4. viajando 5. limpiando 6. cenando 7. sacando 8. bebiendo 9. comiendo 10. aprendiendo 11. agradeciendo 12. escogiendo 13. viendo 14. abriendo 15. asistiendo 16. insistiendo 17. permitiendo 18. prohibiendo 19. creyendo 20. leyendo 21. trayendo 22. huyendo 23. oyendo 24. sirviendo 25. pidiendo 26. corrigiendo 27. repitiendo 28. siguiendo 29. durmiendo 30. muriendo 31. diciendo 32. haciendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "besando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "andando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "viajando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "limpiando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cenando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sacando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "bebiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "aprendiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "agradeciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "escogiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "viendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "abriendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "asistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "insistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "permitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "prohibiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "creyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "trayendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "huyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "oyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "sirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "pidiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "muriendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablando 2. besando 3. andando 4. viajando 5. limpiando 6. cenando 7. sacando 8. bebiendo 9. comiendo 10. aprendiendo 11. agradeciendo 12. escogiendo 13. viendo 14. abriendo 15. asistiendo 16. insistiendo 17. permitiendo 18. prohibiendo 19. creyendo 20. leyendo 21. trayendo 22. huyendo 23. oyendo 24. sirviendo 25. pidiendo 26. corrigiendo 27. repitiendo 28. siguiendo 29. durmiendo 30. muriendo 31. diciendo 32. haciendo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the present progressive tense, conjugate estar in the present tense and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-01a.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy hablando", "tú estás escuchando", "él está comiendo", "nosotros estamos bebiendo", "vosotros estáis cocinando", "ellos están durmiendo", "I am speaking", "you are listening", "he is eating", "we are drinking", "you are cooking", "they are sleeping"], "ocrConfidence": 0.75, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": null, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The action expressed by the present progressive tense must be action in progress."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are examples formed with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál libro estás leyendo?", "El niño está jugando en su cuarto.", "Está lloviendo.", "Está nevando.", "Está lloviznando.", "¿Qué están Uds. haciendo?", "¿Qué están haciendo Uds.?", "Which book are you reading?", "The child is playing in his room", "It's raining.", "It's snowing.", "It's drizzling.", "What are you doing?", "What are you doing?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.939795902797154, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 329, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The subject pronoun Uds. appears in two different positions in the example sentences above. In the first example, it comes between the helping verb estar and the gerund. In the second example, Uds. follows the gerund. Both are correct."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative no comes directly before the conjugated form of estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No estamos hablando.", "No está lloviendo.", "No estoy mintiendo.", "We are not talking", "It is not raining", "I am not lying."], "ocrConfidence": 0.939795902797154, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 329, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About English"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, the present progressive tense can be used to describe what is happening right now as well as what will happen in the future."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I am singing right now."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I am singing next Friday."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the present progressive can never be used to describe a future action. For a future action, use ir 1 a 1 infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0330-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy cantando en este momento.", "Voy a cantar el viernes que viene.", "1 am singing right now. (at this", "moment)", "I am going to sing next Friday."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 330, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.2", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present progressive tense. Be sure to conjugate estar correctly.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Miguel está cantando y su amiga está tocando el piano. (cantar/tocar)", "Reminder", "After a preposition, use the infinitive form of the verb, even though the translation in English might be the gerund -ing."], "prompts": ["1. Nuestro profesor ___________________ muchos exámenes. (corregir)", "2. Por fin, nosotros ___________________ buenas notas. (sacar)", "3. Me hace el favor de no hacer ruido, yo ___________________. (estudiar)", "4. Los adolescentes les dicen a sus padres, “no ___________________ nada.” (hacer)", "5. Los cocineros ___________________ la cena. (preparar)", "6. ¿Qué ___________________ tú? (decir)", "7. Está lloviendo pero no ___________________. (nevar)", "8. Ya es tarde y los niños ___________________. (dormir)", "9. Son las nueve de la noche y todavía los periodistas ___________________. (escribir)", "10. ¿Quiénes ___________________ por teléfono? (hablar)", "11. Tú ___________________ los huevos para el desayuno. (freír)", "12. Son las seis y media y la familia ___________________. (comer)"], "ocrLines": ["Antes de comer, ella se lava las", "manos.", "Después de cocinar, la familia", "disfruta la comida.", "Al entrar en la clase, los", "estudiantes se saludan.", "A veces, hablamos sin pensar.", "En vez de leer, preferimos jugar.", "A pesar de despertarme temprano,", "llegué tarde a la entrevista", "Before eating, she washes her", "hands.", "After cooking, the family enjoys", "the meal.", "Upon entering the class, the", "students greet each other.", "At times, we speak without", "thinking.", "Instead of reading, we prefer", "to play.", "In spite of waking up early,", "I arrived late to the interview.", "yo estoy hablando", "tú estás escuchando", "él está comiendo", "nosotros estamos bebiendo", "vosotros estáis cocinando", "ellos están durmiendo", "I am speaking", "you are listening", "he is eating", "we are drinking", "you are cooking", "they are sleeping", "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", "The action expressed by the present progressive tense must be action in", "progress.", "¿Cuál libro estás leyendo?", "El niño está jugando en su cuarto.", "Está lloviendo.", "Está nevando.", "Está lloviznando.", "¿Qué están Uds. haciendo?", "¿Qué están haciendo Uds.?", "Which book are you reading?", "The child is playing in his room.", "It's raining.", "It's snowing.", "It's drizzling", "What are you doing?", "NOTE The subject pronoun Uds. appears in two different positions in the", "example sentences above. In the first example, it comes between the", "helping verb estar and the gerund. In the second example, Uds. follows the", "gerund. Both are correct.", "No estamos hablando.", "We are not talking.", "No está Iloviendo.", "It is not raining.", "No estoy mintiendo.", "I am not lying"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estamos sacando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estoy estudiando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estamos haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están preparando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estás diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está nevando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "están escribiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "están hablando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estás friendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "está comiendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.2 1. está corrigiendo 2. estamos sacando 3. estoy estudiando 4. estamos haciendo 5. están preparando 6. estás diciendo 7. está nevando 8. están durmiendo 9. están escribiendo 10. están hablando 11. estás friendo 12. está comiendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estamos sacando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estoy estudiando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estamos haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están preparando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estás diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está nevando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "están escribiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "están hablando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estás friendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "está comiendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está corrigiendo 2. estamos sacando 3. estoy estudiando 4. estamos haciendo 5. están preparando 6. estás diciendo 7. está nevando 8. están durmiendo 9. están escribiendo 10. están hablando 11. estás friendo 12. está comiendo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.3", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the infinitive, present indicative, or present progressive of the appropriate verb. Select from the list of verbs below. Use each verb only once.", "extra": ["almorzar, conocer, devolver, graduarse, hacer, leer, querer, saber, salir, tener, tocar"], "prompts": ["1. En el avión, en el vuelo de África, parece que los pasajeros están ___________________ sus libros de turismo.", "2. ¿Quién ___________________ nadar?", "3. Olivia sigue ___________________ el violín aunque a su hermano no le gusta el sonido.", "4. Antes de ___________________ a los padres de su novio, Amalia se maquilla la cara.", "5. Después de ___________________ éxito en la escuela secundaria, el estudiante ___________________ ir a una universidad.", "6. Los trabajadores tienen hambre a las doce de la tarde; ___________________ juntos a las doce y media; ___________________ de la fábrica a las cinco de la tarde.", "7. Julia acaba de ___________________ sus libros a la biblioteca.", "8. El hombre tiene veintidós años. Después de ___________________ de la universidad, no sabe qué ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tocando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conocer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tener, quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "almuerzan, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "devolver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "graduarse, hacer", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.3 1. leyendo 2. sabe 3. tocando 4. conocer 5. tener, quiere 6. almuerzan, salen 7. devolver 8. graduarse, hacer", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tocando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conocer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tener, quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "almuerzan, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "devolver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "graduarse, hacer", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. leyendo 2. sabe 3. tocando 4. conocer 5. tener, quiere 6. almuerzan, salen 7. devolver 8. graduarse, hacer"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a review chart of pronouns: subject, direct object, indirect object, and reflexive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject", "Pronoun", "yo", "tú", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Direct Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "la", "lo/la/le", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "los/las/les", "Indirect Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "le", "le", "nos", "os", "les", "les", "les", "Reflexive", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "se", "se", "se", "nos", "OS", "se", "se", "se"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9714285714285714, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 332, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE In English, the direct object you can be expressed as la in Spanish if the direct object person is female, or lo if the direct object person is male. In many countries, le is used as the direct object pronoun instead of lo or la. Similarly, the direct object pronoun you in the plural Uds. form can be las, los, or les."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0332-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La ayudo.", "Lo ayudo.", "Le ayudo.", "I help you. (female)", "I help you. (male)", "I help you. (either male or female)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 332, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This use of le as direct object pronoun is called leísmo; le is borrowed from the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronouns, direct object pronouns, and reflexive pronouns have two possible positions:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The object pronouns may be placed directly before the helping verb estar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The object pronouns may be attached to the gerund."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0333-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué me estás diciendo?", "¿Qué estás diciéndome?", "What are you saying to me:", "What are you saying to me:"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8333333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 333, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The written accent retains the correct pronunciation of the verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The placement of the object pronouns does not affect the meaning of the sentence. They can be placed in either position, and the meaning of the sentence is exactly the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0333-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo estoy trayéndote la comida.", "Te estoy trayendo la comida.", "Irene no está esperando el tren.", "No lo está esperando.", "Ella no está esperándolo.", "Estamos buscando los gatos", "de Olivia.", "Los estamos buscando.", "Estamos buscándolos.", "I am bringing the meal to you.", "I am bringing the meal to you.", "Irene is not waiting for the train", "She is not waiting for it.", "She is not waiting for it.", "We are looking for Olivia's cats.", "We are looking for them.", "We are looking for them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8529411764705882, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 333, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Order of Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An indirect object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together. The reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun when they occur together. The double object pronouns cannot be separated from one another."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a review chart of double object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me lo, me la", "me los, me las", "te lo, te la", "te los, te las", "se lo, se la", "se los, se las", "nos lo, nos la", "nos los, nos las", "os lo, os la", "os los, os las", "it to me", "them to me", "it to you", "them to you", "it to him, it to her, it to you, it to them", "them to him, them to her, them to you, them to them", "it to us", "them to us", "it to you", "them to you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Se replaces le or les as the indirect object pronoun when a direct object pronoun follows."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por fin, la jefa tiene su sueldo.", "Ella está mandándoselo.", "Ella se lo está mandando.", "El papá les está leyendo un", "cuento a sus hijos.", "Él se lo está leyendo.", "Está leyéndoselo.", "At last, the boss has your pay.", "She is sending it to you.", "She is sending it to you.", "The father is reading a story to his", "children.", "He is reading it to them.", "He is reading it to them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun when they occur together."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy lavándome las manos.", "Estoy lavándomelas.", "Me las estoy lavando.", "La mujer está peinándose", "el cabello rubio.", "Se lo está peinando.", "Está peinándoselo.", "I am washing my hands.", "I am washing them.", "I am washing them.", "The woman is combing her", "blond hair.", "She is combing it.", "She is combing it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.4", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present progressive form of the verb in parentheses. Remember to conjugate estar correctly.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ la pregunta el maestro? (repetir)", "2. Los adolescentes no ___________________ las direcciones. (seguir)", "3. Nosotros ___________________ el libro. (leer)", "4. ¿Quiénes ___________________ tanto ruido? (hacer)", "5. Los amigos de Juan ___________________ en casa hoy. (almorzar)", "6. Yo ___________________ el agua para preparar la sopa. (hervir)", "7. El hombre ama a esta mujer. La ___________________ con su mirada. (seguir)", "8. Somos nosotros a quienes ellos ___________________. (esperar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estamos leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están almorzando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estoy hirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están esperando", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.4 1. está repitiendo 2. están siguiendo 3. estamos leyendo 4. están haciendo 5. están almorzando 6. estoy hirviendo 7. está siguiendo 8. están esperando", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estamos leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están almorzando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estoy hirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están esperando", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está repitiendo 2. están siguiendo 3. estamos leyendo 4. están haciendo 5. están almorzando 6. estoy hirviendo 7. está siguiendo 8. están esperando"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.5", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the present progressive tense.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Are the women talking to the men?", "2. What are you saying to me?", "3. Can you (Ud.) repeat the question? The students are not paying attention to you.", "4. We know that he is searching for an idea. He needs it to write a story.", "5. What is happening?", "6. The fantastic lawyer is dreaming about a trip to Italy."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Qué está pasando?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.5 1. ¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres? 2. ¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)? 3. ¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso. 4. Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento. 5. ¿Qué está pasando? 6. El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Qué está pasando?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres? 2. ¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)? 3. ¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso. 4. Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento. 5. ¿Qué está pasando? 6. El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.6", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud, using the present progressive tense.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quién está estudiando ahora mismo?", "2. ¿Por qué estás comiendo chocolate en el salón?", "3. ¿Qué está Ud. haciendo ahora mismo?", "4. ¿En qué estás pensando?", "5. ¿Qué está leyendo el profesor?", "6. ¿Quién está huyendo de la policía?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "18.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0336-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["The gerund with seguir expresses to keep/continue (doing something)", "Los músicos siguen tocando", "The musicians keep playing the", "la música y seguimos", "music, and we keep listening", "escuchándola.", "to it.", "No hay música, pero la pareja", "There is no music, but the couple", "sigue bailando.", "keeps on dancing.", "•", "The gerund with ir expresses gradually, little by little.", "La estudiante va aprendiendo", "The student is gradually learning", "la lección.", "the lesson.", "El paciente va mejorándose.", "The patient is getting better little", "by little.", "Voy conociendo Madrid.", "I'm getting to know Madrid little", "by little.", "• The gerund with Ilevar expresses have been doing.", "Llevo un año estudiando", "I have been studying Spanish", "el español.", "for a year. (literally, I carry", "a year studying Spanish.)", "Mi amigo lleva dos años viviendo", "aquí.", "My friend has been living here", "for two years."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 336, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you become accustomed to using the present progressive, you will find that the gerund can sometimes be used without a helping verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Puedo pasar el día mirando", "a la gente.", "Los ladrones salieron corriendo.", "I can pass the day looking at the", "people.", "The thieves left running."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Either the gerund or the infinitive can be used after ver, mirar, escuchar, and oír. The meaning is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Veo a los niños jugando.", "Veo a los niños jugar.", "Escuchamos al hombre cantar.", "Lo escuchamos cantando.", "Él vio a María pasar por su casa.", "La vio pasando.", "Susana oyó los loros hablar.", "Ella los oyó hablando.", "I see the children playing. /", "I see the children play.", "I see the children playing. /", "I see the children play.", "We listen to the man sing. /", "We listen to the man singing", "We listen to him sing. /", "We listen to him singing.", "He saw María passing by his", "house.", "He saw her pass by.", "Susan heard the parrots speak.", "She heard them speaking."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs not generally used in the gerund form are ser, estar, poder, querer, saber, tener, ir, and venir. These verbs use the present indicative instead of the present progressive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. acompañarla?", "Los nietos de Victoria quieren", "visitar a su abuela.", "Arturo tiene una fiesta cada año", "para su hijo.", "Susana va a la manifestación.", "Mucho ruido viene de arriba.", "Can you acompany her?", "Victorias grandchildren want", "to visit their grandmother.", "Arthur has a party every year", "for his son.", "Susan is going to the", "demonstration.", "A lot of noise is coming from", "ahore"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES Poder is the only -er verb with an irregularity in the stem of the gerund: pudiendo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund of ir is yendo."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.7", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of either the present indicative or the present progressive of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El esposo de Elizabeth no ___________________ celebrar el día del amor y de la amistad. (querer)", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ toda la familia a mi fiesta? (venir)", "3. Sócrates ___________________ que no ___________________ nada que valga la pena saber. (saber/saber)", "4. Favor de no interrumpirme ahora mismo, yo ___________________. (pensar)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ hablar bien si practicamos. (poder)", "6. ¿Por qué lo sigues ___________________? (llamar)", "7. La muchacha triste nunca ___________________. (sonreír)", "8. Los deportistas ___________________ al tenis todos los veranos. (jugar)", "9. Los detectives están contentos ahora porque el criminal ___________________ su crimen. (confesar)", "10. A Paulina y a su amiga no les gusta ___________________ temprano. (despertarse)", "11. Las niñas ___________________ a su primera fiesta mañana. (ir)", "12. La estudiante lleva una hora ___________________ este ejercicio. (hacer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sabe, sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estoy pensando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "podemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llamando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sonríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está confesando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "despertarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.7 1. quiere 2. viene 3. sabe, sabe 4. estoy pensando 5. podemos 6. llamando 7. sonríe 8. juegan 9. está confesando 10. despertarse 11. van 12. haciendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sabe, sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estoy pensando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "podemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llamando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sonríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está confesando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "despertarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quiere 2. viene 3. sabe, sabe 4. estoy pensando 5. podemos 6. llamando 7. sonríe 8. juegan 9. está confesando 10. despertarse 11. van 12. haciendo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.8", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Vamos a la casa de María porque ella está preparando arroz con pollo.", "2. El mesero nos está sirviendo nuestra comida.", "3. Las niñeras están cuidando a muchos niños en el parque.", "4. Son las ocho de la noche y ya es tarde, pero el hombre sigue leyendo su libro favorito. Sigue leyéndolo hasta las once.", "5. La muchacha está nadando en la piscina porque sus padres piensan que es peligroso nadar en el océano.", "6. Los niños están poniendo los platos en el horno. Los están poniendo en el horno para molestar a sus padres.", "7. ¿Por qué le están Uds. mintiendo?", "8. ¿Quién está riéndose?", "9. El elefante lleva cinco años viviendo en el zoológico.", "10. Seguimos aprendiendo el español."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The waiter is serving us our meal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Why are you lying to her/him?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Who is laughing?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "We keep learning Spanish", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.8 1. We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice. 2. The waiter is serving us our meal. 3. The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park. 4. It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock. 5. The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean. 6. The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents. 7. Why are you lying to her/him? 8. Who is laughing? 9. The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years. 10. We keep learning Spanish.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The waiter is serving us our meal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Why are you lying to her/him?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Who is laughing?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "We keep learning Spanish", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice. 2. The waiter is serving us our meal. 3. The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park. 4. It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock. 5. The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean. 6. The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents. 7. Why are you lying to her/him? 8. Who is laughing? 9. The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years. 10. We keep learning Spanish."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.9", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans9", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Why are the people crying?", "2. It is raining.", "3. Are you watching television now?", "4. Why are the girls laughing?", "5. It is our turn. We are using the computers now.", "6. Teresa is waiting for the train, but she is losing patience.", "7. What are you thinking about?", "8. We are trying to fall asleep."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Por qué está llorando la gente?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Está lloviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Estamos tratando de dormirnos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.9 1. ¿Por qué está llorando la gente? 2. Está lloviendo. 3. ¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora? 4. ¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas? 5. Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora. 6. Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia. 7. ¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando? 8. Estamos tratando de dormirnos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Por qué está llorando la gente?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Está lloviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Estamos tratando de dormirnos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Por qué está llorando la gente? 2. Está lloviendo. 3. ¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora? 4. ¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas? 5. Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora. 6. Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia. 7. ¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando? 8. Estamos tratando de dormirnos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La parada del bus"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La mujer se llama Lorena. No es ni joven, ni vieja, ni delgada, ni gorda. Tiene la cara pálida, con ojos marrones y pelo oscuro. No se maquilla mucho pero se nota que le gusta llevar un poco de colorete. Se ve que es conservadora por su vestimenta: su falda que cubre las piernas y la blusa con mangas largas aunque es verano."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ella llega siempre a la parada del bus, esperando a su esposo. Se puede pasar por la banca y verla allí sentada, hora tras hora, escribiendo en su cuaderno y dibujando el rostro de su esposo amado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Una mañana de mucho calor, un hombre se sienta cerca de ella y conversa un poco."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Él se llama Roberto; parece ser un buen hombre. Hablan de sus dibujos y como pasa ella el día. Él se entera que ella está separada de su esposo desde hace cinco años, pero siendo católicos los dos, son todavía casados. Roberto, soltero, pasa los días trabajando en computadoras, y sus noches jugando al ajedrez en un club con otros fanáticos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de veinte minutos, otro bus viene, y el hombre, un poco triste ahora de dejarla, sube al bus y se va. Ella lo sigue con los ojos con una mirada llena de soledad. La gente sube al bus; otros se bajan y se van para la casa. Lorena se queda tranquilamente, extrañando a su esposo, esperando que venga en el próximo bus."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["enterarse", "estar sentado", "irse", "maquillarse", "se nota", "se ve", "to become aware", "to be seated", "to go (compared with ir, irse expresses more", "immediacy)", "to put makeup on", "one notices", "one sees"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ajedrez.", "el colorete", "el fanático", "chess", "the lipstick", "the fan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aunque", "hora tras hora", "although", "hour after hour"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Qué estación es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es el clima?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué hace Lorena cada día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Está casada la mujer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Está casado Roberto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Está Roberto interesado en Lorena? ¿Está ella interesada en él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. ¿Piensa Ud. que Roberto va a volver?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Piensa Ud. que Lorena va a seguir esperando?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch19", "number": 19, "title": "The Past Progressive Tenses", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are two progressive tenses in the past: the imperfect progressive and the preterit progressive. Both express a past action or actions that were occurring, actions that were in progress. They are equivalent to the English past progressive: The people were running, for example. These tenses are used to intensify the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that was in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An event that was happening in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you do not want to intensify an action that was in progress in the past, use the simple imperfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0342-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre trabajaba mucho.", "La mujer cocinaba su cena.", "Los niños se reían.", "Toda la familia se divertía.", "The man was working a lot.", "The woman was cooking her", "supper.", "The children were laughing.", "The whole family was having", "a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 342, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect progressive is a compound tense in Spanish, as it is in English. It is formed by conjugating estar in the imperfect and adding the gerund of the main verb. The tense is also called the imperfect continuous."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaba jugando", "tú estabas bebiendo", "él estaba pintando", "nosotros estábamos corriendo", "vosotros estabais sonriendo", "ellos estaban cenando", "I was playing", "you were drinking", "he was painting", "we were running", "you were smiling", "they were dining"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The action expressed by the imperfect progressive tense must be an action that was in progress in the past."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are examples formed with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El estudiante estaba durmiendo", "cuando el maestro empezó", "la clase.", "Yo estaba atravesando la calle", "cuando vi venir el carro.", "El portero nos estaba ayudando", "con la maleta.", "El gerente estaba mostrándoles", "la habitación.", "Estábamos bailando cuando se", "apagaron las luces.", "The student was sleeping when", "the teacher began the class.", "I was crossing the street when", "I sau the car coming.", "The doorman was helping us", "with the suitcase.", "The manager was showing them", "the room.", "We were dancing when the lights", "went out."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verbs seguir, ir, and venir can also be conjugated in the imperfect and used with the gerund to form the imperfect progressive tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muchacha iba aprendiendo", "la lección.", "Ellas venían hacia nosotros", "bailando y hablando.", "Los perros seguían ladrando", "en la calle", "The girl was learning the lesson", "little by little.", "They were coming toward us", "dancing and talking.", "The dogs continued barking in", "the street."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs not generally used in the gerund form in the past progressive are ser, estar, poder, querer, saber, tener, ir, and venir. These verbs use the simple imperfect instead of the imperfect progressive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0344-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hubo un tiempo cuando", "podíamos viajar mucho.", "Ella quería ir a España", "a estudiar.", "Sócrates dijo que no sabía lo", "que no sabía.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi", "a mi amigo.", "Mis primos me dijeron que", "venían a verme, pero no", "llegaron.", "There was a time when we were", "able to travel a lot.", "She wanted to go to Spain", "to study.", "Socrates said that he did not knou", "what he did not know.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw my friend.", "My cousins told me that they were", "coming to see me, but they", "didn't arrive."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 344, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.1", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the imperfect progressive tense.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I was cleaning the house.", "2. Rosa continued eating.", "3. Pablo was selling medicine to his friends.", "4. We were learning to dance.", "5. Why was she lying to me?", "6. What were you (Ud.) doing?", "7. Who was sleeping on the train?", "8. Everyone was leaving for the exits.", "9. The boys and girls were throwing the ball.", "10. The politicians were beginning their campaign."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo estaba limpiando la casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Rosa seguía comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.1 1. Yo estaba limpiando la casa. 2. Rosa seguía comiendo. 3. Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos. 4. Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar. 5. ¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome? 6. ¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.? 7. ¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren? 8. Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas. 9. Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota. 10. Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo estaba limpiando la casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Rosa seguía comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo estaba limpiando la casa. 2. Rosa seguía comiendo. 3. Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos. 4. Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar. 5. ¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome? 6. ¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.? 7. ¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren? 8. Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas. 9. Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota. 10. Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Formation of the Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit progressive also emphasizes action that was taking place in the past. It is formed with the preterit of the verb estar followed by the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0345-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estuve contestando", "tú estuviste gritando", "ella estuvo bailando", "nosotros estuvimos charlando", "vosotros estuvisteis leyendo", "ellas estuvieron explorando", "I was answering", "you were yelling", "she was dancing", "we were chatting", "you were reading", "they were exploring"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 345, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Unlike the imperfect progressive, the preterit progressive tense expresses an action completed in the past. The name of the tense might seem like a contradiction in terms, but the action, although in a progressive form, is definitely over."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0345-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ayer, en clase de ciencias,", "el estudiante estuvo", "escuchando atentamente al", "profesor hasta que terminó", "la clase.", "Estuvimos riéndonos a carcajadas", "hasta que salimos del teatro.", "Anoche, Sofía, una gran pianista,", "estuvo practicando hasta que", "su novio la llamó.", "Yesterday, in science class, the", "student was listening attentively", "to the professor until the class", "ended. (The phrase hasta que", "terminó la clase can also be", "translated as until he ended the", "class.)", "We were laughing our heads off", "until we left the theater.", "Last night, Sofia, a great pianist,", "was practicing until her", "boyfriend called her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 345, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund is also used with seguir, venir, and ir to form the preterit progressive tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0346-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La abuela fue poniéndose vieja.", "A Guillermo le gusta leer;", "después de apagar la televisión,", "siguió leyendo.", "Pedro vino corriendo a la", "escuela y llegó a tiempo.", "The grandmother was getting", "older little by little.", "William likes to read;", "after turning off the television", "he continued reading.", "Peter came running to school", "and arrived on time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 346, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.2", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Nos divertíamos hasta que la obra empezó.", "2. ¿Querían Uds. darles de comer a los pájaros en el parque?", "3. Sabíamos que íbamos a tener éxito.", "4. Las mujeres estuvieron celebrando su jubilación hasta las once de la noche.", "5. Fui conociendo México.", "6. Nuestro profesor estuvo enseñando por una hora ayer.", "7. Estábamos trabajando cuando nuestros amigos llegaron.", "8. ¿De qué estabas hablando?", "9. Ella no me estuvo escuchando.", "10. El camarero no nos estaba sirviendo la comida.", "11. Los maestros estuvieron repitiendo las instrucciones hasta que entendimos.", "12. ¿Por qué los estabas buscando por tanto tiempo cuando sabías que tus amigos estaban escondiéndose?", "13. Estuvimos bailando anoche hasta medianoche.", "14. Nadie estaba andando por aquí."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "We were having a good time until the play began", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Did you want to feed the birds in the park?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We knew that we were going to be successful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We were working when our friends arrived", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "What were you talking about?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "She wasn’t listening to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "We were dancing last night until midnight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Nobody was walking around here", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.2 1. We were having a good time until the play began. 2. Did you want to feed the birds in the park? 3. We knew that we were going to be successful. 4. The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night. 5. I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little. 6. Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday. 7. We were working when our friends arrived. 8. What were you talking about? 9. She wasn’t listening to me. 10. The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal. 11. The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood. 12. Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding? 13. We were dancing last night until midnight. 14. Nobody was walking around here.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "We were having a good time until the play began", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Did you want to feed the birds in the park?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We knew that we were going to be successful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We were working when our friends arrived", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "What were you talking about?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "She wasn’t listening to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "We were dancing last night until midnight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Nobody was walking around here", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. We were having a good time until the play began. 2. Did you want to feed the birds in the park? 3. We knew that we were going to be successful. 4. The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night. 5. I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little. 6. Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday. 7. We were working when our friends arrived. 8. What were you talking about? 9. She wasn’t listening to me. 10. The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal. 11. The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood. 12. Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding? 13. We were dancing last night until midnight. 14. Nobody was walking around here."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.3", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans3", "instruction": "Review (Preterit tense) Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mi amigo no me esperó. (esperar)"], "prompts": ["1. Mis amigos me ___________________ por una hora. (esperar)", "2. Ella no le ___________________ nada. (decir)", "3. ¿Por qué no les ___________________ Uds. flores? (traer)", "4. Las hojas ___________________ de los árboles. (caerse)", "5. Yo nunca les ___________________ dinero. (dar)", "6. Octavio no ___________________ dormir anoche. (poder)", "7. Nosotros no ___________________ al cine el sábado. (ir)", "8. Me ___________________ mucho la comida. (gustar)", "9. Yo sé que tú me ___________________ en el restaurante. (ver)", "10. Ella es amable. ¿Dónde la ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "esperaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se cayeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pudo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "viste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.3 1. esperaron 2. dijo 3. trajeron 4. se cayeron 5. di 6. pudo 7. fuimos 8. gustó 9. viste 10. conoció", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "esperaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se cayeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pudo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "viste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. esperaron 2. dijo 3. trajeron 4. se cayeron 5. di 6. pudo 7. fuimos 8. gustó 9. viste 10. conoció"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.4", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans4", "instruction": "Review (Imperfect tense) Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE ¿Dónde estabas cuando la maestra entró? (estar)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué hora ___________________ cuando la película empezó? (ser)", "2. ¿Cuántos años ___________________ los gemelos cuando se graduaron? (tener)", "3. La doctora no ___________________ ver a más pacientes. (querer)", "4. Yo siempre ___________________ para los exámenes. (estudiar)", "5. En su juventud, Patricio ___________________ al tenis. (jugar)", "6. Antes de la época de la computadora, la gente ___________________ cartas. (escribir)", "7. Ella nunca ___________________ contenta. Siempre ___________________. (estar/quejarse)", "8. El hombre viejo ___________________ los dientes en un vaso de agua todas las noches antes de dormirse. (poner)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tenían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "quería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudiaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "jugaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "escribía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estaba, se quejaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ponía", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.4 1. era 2. tenían 3. quería 4. estudiaba 5. jugaba 6. escribía 7. estaba, se quejaba 8. ponía", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tenían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "quería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudiaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "jugaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "escribía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estaba, se quejaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ponía", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. era 2. tenían 3. quería 4. estudiaba 5. jugaba 6. escribía 7. estaba, se quejaba 8. ponía"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.5", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans5", "instruction": "Review (Indirect object pronouns) Complete the following sentences with the correct indirect object pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ traigo flores. (to you)", "2. Susana ___________________ presta dinero. (to them)", "3. ¿Por qué ___________________ hablas en voz alta? (to her)", "4. ¿Qué ___________________ estás diciendo? (to me)", "5. Nosotros no ___________________ estamos escribiendo ahora. (to you).", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ cobra Ud. tanto? (to us)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "le/les/te", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te/le/les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.5 1. le/les/te 2. les 3. le 4. me 5. te/le/les 6. nos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "le/les/te", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te/le/les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. le/les/te 2. les 3. le 4. me 5. te/le/les 6. nos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.6", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans6", "instruction": "Review (Direct object pronouns) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Julia busca a su hermana. Ella está buscándola.", "2. Cuidamos a los bebés. Los cuidamos.", "3. Los dos hermanos ayudan a su familia. La familia aprecia su ayuda.", "4. El jardinero mira los pájaros. Los mira volar.", "5. Los estudiantes saludan a su maestra. La saludan todos los días.", "6. ¿Por qué me llamas hoy? ¿Por qué me estás llamando a casa?", "7. Manuel visita a la mujer en Perú. Él quiere casarse con ella en la primavera.", "8. Todos los turistas esperan el tren. No les molesta esperarlo porque hace fresco."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We take care of the babies. We take care of them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.6 1. Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her. 2. We take care of the babies. We take care of them. 3. The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help. 4. The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly. 5. The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day. 6. Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home? 7. Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring. 8. All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We take care of the babies. We take care of them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her. 2. We take care of the babies. We take care of them. 3. The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help. 4. The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly. 5. The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day. 6. Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home? 7. Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring. 8. All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.7", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans7", "instruction": "Review (Double object pronouns) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Te lo juro.", "2. Me pongo los guantes. Me los pongo.", "3. La mujer indígena no nos vende agua; ella nos la da.", "4. Me gustan los mariscos en este restaurante. El camarero me los sirve con gusto.", "5. Ana les trae el postre a sus amigas. Ella se lo trae."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I swear it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I put on my gloves. I put them on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.7 1. I swear it to you. 2. I put on my gloves. I put them on. 3. The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us. 4. I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure. 5. Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I swear it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I put on my gloves. I put them on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I swear it to you. 2. I put on my gloves. I put them on. 3. The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us. 4. I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure. 5. Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.8", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans8", "instruction": "Review (Indirect object pronouns, direct object pronouns, the present tense, the present progressive tense) Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Do you tell the truth to your friends? We tell it to you.", "2. I always write letters to him. I am writing them to him now.", "3. Irene gives gifts to her son every Christmas. This year she is going to give them to him on his birthday.", "4. We show the new shoestore to my friend. She looks at the high heels, but she doesn’t buy them for us.", "5. Sometimes people don’t understand what we say. Sometimes we have to explain it to them.", "6. Enrique reads a story to his children every night at eight o’clock. He is reading it to them now."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.8 1. ¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos. 2. Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora. 3. Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños. 4. Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra. 5. A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo. 6. Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos. 2. Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora. 3. Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños. 4. Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra. 5. A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo. 6. Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.9", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans9", "instruction": "Review (Double object pronouns, se and the indirect object, the preterit tense) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Miguel no pudo entrar en su casa porque se le perdieron las llaves.", "2. Se me cayó la cuchara y me puse brava.", "3. ¡Cuidado! Se les van a caer los vasos. Ya se nos rompieron dos.", "4. No se me ocurrió trabajar ayer.", "5. No pudiste preparar la sopa de ajo anoche. Se te acabó el ajo.", "6. Se me olvidó hacer mi tarea."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The spoon fell and I got angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.9 1. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 2. The spoon fell and I got angry. 3. Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already. 4. It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday. 5. You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic. 6. I forgot to do my homework.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The spoon fell and I got angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 2. The spoon fell and I got angry. 3. Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already. 4. It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday. 5. You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic. 6. I forgot to do my homework."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El hospital"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La pobre mamá iba caminando para no mostrarle a su hijo que estaba preocupada. Ella sabía que no era ni catarro, ni gripe, ni pulmonía. Ella sabía que era algo grave. De repente, empezó a correr hacia un taxi para llevárselos a un hospital."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacía dos días que su hijo estaba quejándose de un dolor de estómago, un dolor que no lo dejaba dormir. ¿Qué tiene el hijo? Viviendo sola, Silvia no tenía nadie con quien hablar a la medianoche. El taxista los dejó en la entrada del hospital. Ella le pagó y le dio una buena propina. Estuvieron esperando solamente cinco minutos cuando los médicos llegaron. Examinaron al niño que estaba llorando. La mamá, llorando también, trató de ser valiente ante su hijo, pero no pudo. Después de un rato, que le pareció una eternidad, los médicos le ofrecieron dos opciones: operar o no. La mamá, sin duda, optó por la operación y firmó el documento de consentimiento. El niño siguió sollozando."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Pero mamá,” le dijo el niño, “no quiero que me operen.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Yo lo sé, hijo mío, pero es necesario y vas a estar muy bien y sin dolor después. Los doctores me dijeron que es apendicitis.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Con esta última conversación, los médicos lo pusieron en la camilla de operación y ellos desaparecieron en el largo corredor del hospital. La madre se retiró a la sala de espera, sintiéndose muy desolada en su soledad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ella estaba allá, pensando en su hijo, cuando vinieron los doctores con las noticias."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Todo salió bien,” le dijeron, “su hijo está recuperándose en su cuarto y pronto va a estar riéndose y jugando otra vez.” La mamá aliviada les agradeció profundamente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y dentro de poco, ella y su hijo salieron charlando, ella con la mano preciosa de su hijo en la suya. Abrazándose, entraron en la casa."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0352-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "agradecer", "desparecerse", "recuperarse", "retirarse", "sollozar", "Expresiones con Verbos", "dejar + infinitive", "llevárselo", "tratar de + infinitive", "Nombres", "la camilla", "el catarro", "la gripe", "la pulmonía", "Adjetivos", "aliviado", "desolado", "Pronombres", "la suya", "hijo mío", "to thank", "› disappea", "› recuperat", "to retire", "to sob", "to let (do something)", "to cart, stmeone t something away", "the stretcher", "the cold", "the flu", "pneumonia", "relieved", "desolate", "hers (refers to her hand)", "son of mine (gives more emphasis than", "mi hijo (my son))"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 352, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0353-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Expresión", "de repente", "suddenly"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 353, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué fueron al hospital a la medianoche?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Está Ud. de acuerdo con la primera decisión de la madre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiene el hijo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuidaron bien los médicos al hijo y a la madre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Cómo se sienten la madre y su hijo al final del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch20", "number": 20, "title": "The Present Subjunctive", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive is a mood in the present tense, widely used in Spanish. The present subjunctive cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The subjunctive is often needed after the following elements:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs form the present subjunctive from the first-person singular yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o to get the stem for the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative are irregular in the present subjunctive in the same way."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs that do not form the present subjunctive from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -ar verbs in the present subjunctive, start with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add - e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bailar", "cantar", "cerrar", "pensar", "recordar", "yo Form", "bailo", "canto", "cierro", "pienso", "recuerdo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo baile", "nosotros bailemos", "tú bailes", "vosotros bailéis", "ella baile", "ellas bailen", "yo cante", "nosotros cantemos", "tú cantes", "vosotros cantéis", "él cante", "ellos canten", "yo cierre", "nosotros cerremos", "tú cierres", "vosotros cerréis", "Ud. cierre", "Uds. cierren", "yo piense", "nosotros pensemos", "tú pienses", "vosotros penséis", "ella piense", "ellas piensen", "yo recuerde", "nosotros recordemos", "tú recuerdes", "vosotros recordéis", "él recuerde", "ellos recuerden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 355, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the first-person and third-person singular forms are identical in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The first two examples, bailar and cantar, are regular in the present indicative. The last three, cerrar, pensar, and recordar, show stem changes. Note that the stem changes in the present indicative are also present in the present subjunctive, except in the nosotros and vosotros forms, which are unaffected by these stem changes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The formation of the subjunctive comes from the conjugation of the first-person singular of the present indicative. Any irregularity that the verb has in the present indicative yo form also occurs in the present subjunctive. To learn the subjunctive well, practice the yo form of the verbs, because that will be the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -er and -ir verbs in the present subjunctive, drop the -o from the first-person singular of the present indicative and add -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "comer", "yo Form", "como", "querer", "quiero", "poder", "puedo", "ver", "veo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo coma", "nosotros comamos", "tú comas", "vosotros comáis", "él coma", "ellos coman", "yo quiera", "nosotros queramos", "tú quieras", "vosotros queráis", "ella quiera", "ellas quieran", "yo pueda", "nosotros podamos", "tú puedas", "vosotros podáis", "Ud. pueda", "Uds. puedan", "yo vea", "nosotros veamos", "tú veas", "vosotros veáis", "él vea", "ellos vean"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8953488372093024, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 356, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "vivir", "yo Form", "vivo", "mentir", "miento", "pedir", "pido", "dormir", "duermo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo viva", "nosotros veamos", "tú vivas", "vosotros veáis", "él viva", "ellos vean", "yo mienta", "nosotros mintamos", "tú mientas", "vosotros mintáis", "ella mienta", "ellas mientan", "yo pida", "nosotros podamos", "tú pidas", "vosotros podáis", "Ud. pida", "Uds. puedan", "yo duerma", "nosotros durmamos", "tú duermas", "vosotros durmáis", "del deman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8953488372093024, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 356, "repairs": 6}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE In the irregular -ir verbs, there is an additional irregularity in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Verbs with the stem change e > ie or e > i have an -i- in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Verbs with the stem change o > ue have a - u- in the nosotros and vosotros forms."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the present subjunctive, certain -er and -ir verbs carry the irregularity of the first-person singular of the present indicative tense throughout the present subjunctive conjugation. There are no -ar verbs that have this irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "conocer", "yo Form", "conozco", "decir", "digo", "hacer", "hago", "poner", "pongo", "salir", "salgo", "tener", "tengo", "traer", "traigo", "venir", "vengo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo conozca", "nosotros conozcamos", "tú conozcas", "vosotros conozcáis", "él conozca", "ellos conozcan", "yo diga", "tú digas", "nosotros vivamos", "vosotros viváis", "ella diga", "ellas digan", "yo haga", "nosotros hagamos", "tú hagas", "vosotros hagáis", "Ud. haga", "Uds. hagan", "yo ponga", "nosotros pongamos", "tú pongas", "vosotros pongáis", "él ponga", "ellos pongan", "yo salga", "nosotros salgamos", "tú salgas", "vosotros salgáis", "ella salga", "ellas salgan", "yo tenga", "nosotros tengamos", "tú tengas", "vosotros tengáis", "Ud. tenga", "Uds. tengan", "yo traiga", "nosotros traigamos", "tú traigas", "vosotros traigáis", "él traiga", "ellos traigan", "yo venga", "nosotros vengamos", "tú vengas", "vosotros vengáis", "ella venga", "ellas vengan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 357, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other regular -ar verbs:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alcanzar", "anular", "arrancar", "cargar", "colocar", "ignorar", "lograr", "madrugar", "masticar", "pagar", "publicar", "rezar", "subrayar", "tragar", "to reach, to overtake", "to annul", "to pull, to root out", "to load", "to place", "to be ignorant of", "to succeed in", "to get up early", "to chew", "to pay for", "to publish", "to pray", "to underline", "to swallow"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other -er verbs like conocer:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradecer", "amanecer", "aparecer", "crecer", "desaparecer", "establecer", "merecer", "hacer", "obedecer", "ofrecer", "padecer", "parcer", "pertenecer", "reconocer", "hacer", "to thank", "to wake up, to brighten", "to appear", "to grow", "to disappear", "to establish", "to deserve", "to be born", "to obey", "to offer", "to suffer", "to seem", "to belong", "to recognize", "to lie down"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other -ir verbs with -zc- in the yo form:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conducir", "introducir", "lucir", "producir", "to drive", "to insert", "to light up", "to produce"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["reducir", "traducir", "to reduce", "to translate"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish equivalent of the English verb meaning to introduce is presentar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te presento a mi familia.", "I introduce you to my family"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs whose present subjunctive is not formed from the first-person singular of the present indicative. They are irregular in that they are not formed from the yo form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dar", "yo Form", "doy", "estar", "estoy", "voy", "saber", "ser", "soy", "haber", "he", "Present Subjunctive", "yo dé", "tú des", "nosotros demos", "él dé", "vosotros deis", "ellos den", "yo esté", "tú estés", "nosotros estemos", "vosotros estéis", "ella esté", "ellas estén", "yo vaya", "nosotros vayamos", "tú vayas", "vosotros vayáis", "Ud. vaya", "Uds. vayan", "yo sepa", "nosotros sepamos", "tú sepas", "vosotros sepáis", "él sepa", "ellos sepan", "yo sea", "nosotros seamos", "tú seas", "vosotros seáis", "ella sea", "ellas sean", "yo haya", "nosotros hayamos", "tú hayas", "vosotros hayáis", "Ud. haya", "Uds. hayan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES The present subjunctive form dé (from dar) has a written accent to distinguish it from de (of)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber; you will not need this form for any other use at this time."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common spelling changes are the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "buscar", "explicar", "tocar", "apagar", "llegar", "comenzar", "empezar", "yo Form", "busco", "explico", "toco", "apago", "llego", "comienzo", "empiezo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo busque", "tú busques", "Ud. busque", "yo explique", "tú expliques", "Ud. explique", "yo toque", "tú toques", "Ud. toque", "yo apague", "tú apagues", "él apague", "ella llegue", "yo comience", "tú comiences", "ella comience", "yo empiece", "tú empieces", "él empiece", "nosotros busquemos", "vosotros busquéis", "Uds. busquen", "nosotros expliquemos", "vosotros expliquéis", "Uds. expliquen", "nosotros toquemos", "vosotros toquéis", "Uds. toquen", "nosotros apaguemos", "vosotros apaguéis", "ellos apaguen", "nosotros lleguemos", "vosotros lleguéis", "ellas lleguen", "nosotros comencemos", "vosotros comencéis", "ellas comiencen", "nosotros empecemos", "vosotros empecéis", "ellos empiecen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 360, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The change z > c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound. The consonants c (before i and e), s, and z all have the same sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like the present indicative, the stress in the present subjunctive is on the second-to-last syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can te, tú can tes, él can te, nosotros can te mos, ellos can ten. If a word carries a written accent, stress the accented syllable: vosotros can téis."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone; it must always be caused by some other element in the sentence. This is a mood that expresses wishes, doubts, and what is possible, rather than what is certain. The present subjunctive in a dependent clause is caused by the present tense in the main clause. Following are the specific uses of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A sentence or question may consist of a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause connected by the Spanish conjunction que."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause that are both in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0361-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["THE MAIN CLAUSE", "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", "Él sabe", "que yo cocino bien"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 361, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has an impersonal expression, such as Es dudoso. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es dudoso que yo cocine bien. It is doubtful that I cook well."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are some frequently used impersonal expressions:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0361-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es bueno (que)", "es difícil (que)", "es dudoso (que)", "es fácil (que)", "es imposible (que)", "es importante (que)", "es malo (que)", "es mejor (que)", "es necesario (que)", "it is good (that)", "it is difficult (that)", "it is doubtful (that)", "it is easy (that)", "it is impossible that,", "it is important (that)", "it is bad (that)", "it is better (that)", "it is necessary (that)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 361, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es posible (que)", "es preciso (que)", "es probable (que)", "es una lástima (que)", "es urgente (que)", "it is possible (that)", "it is extremely necessary (that,", "it is probable (that)", "it is a pity (that)", "it is urgent (that)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es dudoso que viajemos", "a España.", "Es importante que ella coma bien.", "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "Es necesario que estudiemos", "para el examen.", "¿Es posible que ella venga", "mañana?", "Es probable que mi amiga me", "vea en el restaurante.", "Es una lástima que Pedro no lo", "quiera hacer.", "It is doubtful that we will travel", "to Spain.", "It is important that she eat well.", "It is imposible that he is right.", "It is necessary that we study", "for the test.", "Is it possible that she will come", "tomorrow?", "It is probable that my friend will", "see me in the restaurant.", "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", "to do it."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8787878787878788, "cardCount": 12, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you begin a sentence with one of the impersonal expressions above, it is mandatory to use the subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. These impersonal expressions in the main clause always trigger the subjunctive in the subordinate clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that some of the example sentences and questions above are translated with the future in English. This is because the present subjunctive carries with it a feeling of the future and doubt."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you want to make a general statement with an impersonal expression, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive. You simply use the structure you have already learned, which follows English word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es bueno nadar cada día.", "Es importante comer bien.", "¿Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "Es posible salir temprano.", "It is good to swim every day", "It is important to eat well.", "Is it necessary to work a lot!", "It is possible to leave early."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.1", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parenthes.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Es urgente que el chofer conduzca con cuidado. (conducir)"], "prompts": ["1. Es importante que nuestros amigos ___________________ a la fiesta. (venir)", "2. Es posible que él me ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "3. Es una lástima que Sara no lo ___________________. (hacer)", "4. ¿Es posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi amigo Raúl? (conocer)", "5. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ bien. (dormir)", "6. Es importante que ella ___________________ bien las direcciones. (saber)", "7. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ mucha agua fría en el verano. (tomar)", "8. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ temprano. (levantarse)", "9. ¿Es posible que ella ___________________ a tiempo? (llegar)", "10. Es posible que yo ___________________ en Francia. (quedarse)", "11. Es probable que mucha gente importante ___________________ en la conferencia. (estar)", "12. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ una buena respuesta. (dar)", "13. Es urgente que tú ___________________ al doctor hoy. (ir)", "14. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ ricos. (ser)", "15. Es importante que los padres les ___________________ a sus hijos. (leer)", "16. La niña acaba de comer. Es imposible que ___________________ hambre. (tener)", "17. Es probable que nosotros le ___________________ flores al profesor. (traer)", "18. Es bueno que Uds. ___________________ mejor. (sentirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.1 1. vengan 2. diga 3. haga 4. conozcan 5. durmamos 6. sepa 7. tomemos 8. se levanten 9. llegue 10. me quede 11. esté 12. dé 13. vayas 14. sean 15. lean 16. tenga 17. traigamos 18. se sientan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. vengan 2. diga 3. haga 4. conozcan 5. durmamos 6. sepa 7. tomemos 8. se levanten 9. llegue 10. me quede 11. esté 12. dé 13. vayas 14. sean 15. lean 16. tenga 17. traigamos 18. se sientan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express wishes or preferences with regard to other people will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The subject in the main clause must be different from the subject in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express wishes or preferences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0363-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["desear", "preferir", "querer", "to desire", "to prefer", "to desire, to want"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 363, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause that are both in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["THE MAIN CLAUSE", "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", "Él sabe", "que yo canto"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has one of the verbs above, such as Él quiere. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él quiere que yo cante.", "He wants me to sing.", "(He wants that I sing.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not always show the distinction in mood like Spanish does. But even in the English translation of the example above, it is clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "al béisbol.", "Quiero que él baile.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "baseball.", "I want him to dance."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "Yo quiero cantar.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep", "I want to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other people will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse de", "esperar", "estar contento de", "estar triste de", "gustarle a uno", "sentir", "temer", "tener miedo de", "to be glad", "to hope", "to be happy", "to be sad", "to be pleasing to someone", "to regret", "to fear", "to be afraid of"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de que Uds. estén", "bien.", "Esperamos que Ud. tenga un", "buen fin de semana.", "La maestra está contenta de que", "hagamos la tarea.", "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "aceptar tu invitación?", "Me gusta que mi familia venga", "a verme.", "Lo siento que Ud. nunca se gane", "la lotería.", "Los padres temen que sus hijos", "no quieran estudiar:", "El líder tiene miedo de que el", "grupo no resuelva el problema.", "I am glad that you are well.", "We hope that you have a good", "weekend.", "The teacher is happy that we do", "the homework.", "Are you sad that we cannot accept", "your invitation?", "It pleases me that my family", "is coming to see me.", "I am sorry that you never win", "the lottery.", "The parents fear that their", "children don't want to study.", "The leader fears that the group", "will not resolve the problem."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, the sentence follows the basic structure that you have learned."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de estar aquí.", "Él espera salir dentro de una hora.", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", "1 am glad to be here.", "He hopes to leave within the hour", "I like to go to the movies.", "She is afraid of flying."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express orders, requests, or advice will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express orders, requests, or advice:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aconsejar", "decir", "dejar", "insistir en", "mandar", "pedir", "permitir", "prohibir", "sugerir", "to advise", "to tell (someone to do something)", "to permit, to let", "to insist", "to order", "to request, to ask for", "to permit", "to prohibit", "to suggest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te aconsejo que tomes el tren.", "Ella insiste en que yo me quede.", "Les pedimos que vayan de", "vacaciones.", "Le sugiero que Ud. lea este", "artículo", "I advise you to take the train.", "She insists that I stay.", "We ask them to go on vacation.", "I suggest that you read this article"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar, mandar, permitir, and prohibir can be used in two ways:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Les dejo que entren.", "Les dejo entrar.", "} I let them enter:", "Te permito que nades aquí.", "Te permito nadar aquí.", "> I permit you to saim here.", "Te prohibo que fumes en la casa I orbid you to smoke in the house_", "Te prohíbo fumar en la casa.", "El capitán les manda que los", "The captain orders the soldiers", "soldados descansen.", "to rest.", "Les manda descansar.", "He orders them to rest."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you have learned, decir is used to relate a fact. This idea is expressed with the indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes", "to travel"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, when decir is used as an order, the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos", "cuidado.", "¿Puede Ud. decirle que me", "llamer", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed nou", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When English to tell is used to order someone to do something, the English command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell + infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An English command is expressed as follows: I tell him to stay. He tells me to go. Compare that to simply relating a fact: He tells me that the bus is here."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express doubt or uncertainty:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0367-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dudar", "no creer", "no pensar", "to doubt", "not to believe", "not to think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 367, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0367-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella duda que yo sepa tocar", "el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea", "la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos", "invite a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how", "to play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 367, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.2", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "2. Él quiere que su amiga ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "3. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "4. Ellos se alegran de que el bebé ___________________. (dejar de llorar)", "5. Ellos nos piden que ___________________ mejor la idea. (explicar)", "6. A él no le gusta que yo siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "7. Rosa insiste en que su jefe le ___________________ más dinero. (dar)", "8. No creo que Alicia ___________________ la fecha. (saber)", "9. Ellas dudan que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)", "10. Les sugiero a sus padres que ___________________ de vacaciones. (ir)", "11. Me alegro de que no ___________________ nada grave. (ser)", "12. Los expertos nos aconsejan que ___________________ ejercicio. (hacer)", "13. Paula espera que su hermana ___________________ bien. (estar)", "14. Yo dudo que ella lo ___________________ en la reunión. (besar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "bese", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.2 1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. bese", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "bese", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. bese"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.3", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans3", "instruction": "Rewrite the following indicative sentences in the subjunctive mood. Choose any appropriate verb that causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mis estudiantes están en clase. Me alegro de que estén en clase.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. A mis padres les gusta viajar.", "2. Mi amigo tiene malos sueños.", "3. Ella no se divierte mucho.", "4. Nosotros somos buenos estudiantes.", "5. No vamos a volver a los Estados Unidos.", "6. Sara me trae flores a mi casa.", "7. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi tío? [Write a response.]", "8. Mi hermano y yo no nos vemos mucho.", "9. ¿Hay clase los lunes?", "10. Carla es de Polonia."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "20.3 Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. Yo dudo que a mis padres les guste viajar. 2. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 3. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 4. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 5. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 6. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 7. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 8. Es una lástima que mi hermano y yo no nos veamos mucho. 9. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 10. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. Yo dudo que a mis padres les guste viajar. 2. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 3. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 4. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 5. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 6. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 7. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 8. Es una lástima que mi hermano y yo no nos veamos mucho. 9. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 10. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.4", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans4", "instruction": "Indicative or subjunctive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Yo dudo que Cristina cante bien. (cantar) Yo sé que ella canta bien. (cantar)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ un buen fin de semana. (tener)", "2. Yo sé que Uds. ___________________ muchos amigos. (tener)", "3. Ricardo prefiere que yo lo ___________________ en febrero. (visitar)", "4. Él quiere que nosotros le ___________________ regalos. (traer)", "5. Nos gusta que él nos ___________________. (amar)", "6. Es importante que nosotros ___________________ nuestros errores. (corregir)", "7. ¿Sabe Ud. que ellos ___________________ aquí? (estar)", "8. Yo pienso que Rosario ___________________ poco. (quejarse)", "9. Dudo que Enrique ___________________. (quedarse)", "10. Sabemos que ellos ___________________. (irse)", "11. El hombre espera que ella ___________________ con él. (bailar)", "12. Sara no quiere que su novio la ___________________ antes de la boda. (ver)", "13. Me alegro de que Uds. ___________________ aquí. (estar)", "14. Es importante que nosotros ___________________ las direcciones antes de empezar nuestro viaje. (saber)", "15. Yo pienso que este hombre ___________________ médico. (ser)", "16. A mi hermano no le importa lo que ___________________ yo. (hacer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "corrijamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "baile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.4 1. tengan 2. tienen 3. visite 4. traigamos 5. ame 6. corrijamos 7. están 8. se queja 9. se quede 10. se van 11. baile 12. vea 13. estén 14. sepan 15. es 16. haga", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "corrijamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "baile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tengan 2. tienen 3. visite 4. traigamos 5. ame 6. corrijamos 7. están 8. se queja 9. se quede 10. se van 11. baile 12. vea 13. estén 14. sepan 15. es 16. haga"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A subjunctive form follows directly after one of the following conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject than the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a pesar de que", "antes de que", "después de que", "en caso de que", "in spite of", "before", "after", "in case"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9782608695652174, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 369, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hasta que", "para que", "sin que", "until", "in order that, so that", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence in which there is only one subject:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "cantar.", "She practices the piano before", "singing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following sentence, there are two subjects connected by a conjunction with que:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "que él cante.", "She practices the piano before", "he sings."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not show this distinction in mood the way Spanish does. However, there are clearly two subjects in the example above: she and he."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the example sentences below, there are two subjects in each sentence, and the subjunctive follows the conjunction:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy a esperar hasta que", "tú llegues.", "Él enseña para que los", "estudiantes aprendan.", "Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud.", "me ayude.", "I am going to wait until you", "arrive.", "He teaches so that the students", "learn.", "I'm going to do it without your", "helping me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is one subject in the sentence, an infinitive follows the preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de trabajar, ella", "descansa.", "Ella estudia para aprender:", "Él habla sin pensar:", "After working, she rests.", "She studies in order to learn", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some conjunctions of time always cause the subjunctive, whether there are two subjects or only one in the sentence. Following are a few conjunctions of this type:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menos que", "luego que", "tan pronto como", "unless", "as soon as", "as soon as"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a bailar a menos que", "no haya música.", "Voy a llegar tan pronto como", "yo pueda.", "We are going to dance unless", "there is no music.", "I am going to arrive as soon as", "I can."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After cuando"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form directly follows cuando if the future is implied."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a viajar cuando", "tengamos tiempo y dinero.", "¿Me puedes llamar cuando", "llegues a casa?", "El niño quiere ser bombero", "cuando sea grande.", "We are going to travel when", "we have time and money.", "Can you call me when you", "arrive home?", "The child wants to be a fireman", "when he grows up."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a question, the indicative form is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "When are you going to be home!", "When do you want to travel?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a sentence that involves either a repeated action or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando hace frío, los niños", "juegan en la nieve.", "Ella se siente alegre cuando baila.", "Cuando voy a la playa, siempre", "me divierto.", "When it is cold, the children play", "in the snow.", "She feels happy when she dances", "When I go to the beach, I always", "have a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.5", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the conjunction indicated and the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Vamos de vacaciones tan pronto como (as soon as) nosotros podamos (to be able to)."], "prompts": ["1. Él va a limpiar su apartamento ___________________ (before) su familia lo ___________________ (to visit).", "2. ___________________ (after) yo ___________________ (to bathe myself), voy a vestirme.", "3. No voy ___________________ (unless) Uds. ___________________ (to go) también.", "4. Él va a invitar a su amiga a la fiesta ___________________ (as soon as) él ___________________ (to have) confianza.", "5. Les doy las instrucciones ___________________ (so that) ellos ___________________ (to know how) llegar.", "6. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto ___________________ (as soon as) Uds. ___________________ (to finish) su tarea.", "7. ___________________ (before) su novio ___________________ (to come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "8. Te presto el dinero ___________________ (so that) tú ___________________ (to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "9. Vamos a estar aquí ___________________ (until) ellos ___________________ (to arrive).", "10. ___________________ (in case) Uds. no ___________________ (to have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "11. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar ___________________ (so that) sus padres ___________________ (to be) contentos.", "12. ___________________ (in spite of) ___________________ (to be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "13. Tú puedes venir a mi casa ___________________ (without) yo te ___________________ (to invite).", "14. Graciela va a descansar ___________________ (after) sus nietos ___________________ (to go away).", "15. ___________________ (when) Ud. ___________________ (to be able), ¿me puede acompañar al tren?", "16. Elena me va a ver ___________________ (when) nosotros ___________________ (to meet) en México.", "17. ___________________ (when) ellos ___________________ (to return) a los Estados Unidos, van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "18. El hombre va a estar contento ___________________ (when) ___________________ (to learn) a manejar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "antes de que, visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "a pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Cuando, pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "cuando, aprenda", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.5 1. antes de que, visite 2. Después de que, me bañe 3. a menos que, vayan 4. luego que, tenga 5. para que, sepan 6. luego que, terminen 7. Antes de que, venga 8. para que, puedas 9. hasta que, lleguen 10. En caso de que, tengan 11. para que, estén 12. a pesar de que, tengan 13. sin que, invite 14. después de que, se vayan 15. Cuando, pueda 16. cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos 17. Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen 18. cuando, aprenda", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "antes de que, visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "a pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Cuando, pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "cuando, aprenda", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. antes de que, visite 2. Después de que, me bañe 3. a menos que, vayan 4. luego que, tenga 5. para que, sepan 6. luego que, terminen 7. Antes de que, venga 8. para que, puedas 9. hasta que, lleguen 10. En caso de que, tengan 11. para que, estén 12. a pesar de que, tengan 13. sin que, invite 14. después de que, se vayan 15. Cuando, pueda 16. cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos 17. Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen 18. cuando, aprenda"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Busco un apartamento que sea", "grande y barato.", "¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que sepa", "hablar alemán?", "¿Hay alguien aquí que baile", "bien?", "No hay nadie que siempre tenga", "razón.", "I am looking for an apartment", "that is big and cheap.", "Do you know anyone who knows", "how to speak German?", "Is there anyone here who dances", "well?", "There is no one who is always", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por más que ella limpie, su casa", "está siempre desordenada.", "Por mucho que él coma, no se", "engorda.", "No matter how much she cleans", "her house is always a mess.", "No matter hou much he eats,", "he doesn't get fat."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant that and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "Ojalá que él se quede.", "Ojalá que Uds. reciban", "el cheque.", "Would to God that she has luck", "May God grant that he stay.", "I hope you receive the check."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After acaso, quizás, or tal vez"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Acaso él me visite mañana.", "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow", "Perhaps they will tell me the truth", "Perhaps they will tell me lies."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After aunque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used if the action has not yet occurred."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy al cine aunque no vayan", "mis amigos.", "Aunque Pedro se quede esta", "noche, yo voy a salir:", "Aunque sea difícil, él lo puede", "hacer.", "I am going to the movies,", "although my friends may not go", "Although Peter may stay tonight,", "I am going to leave.", "Although it may be difficult,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If aunque introduces a sentence or question that expresses a known fact, a repeated action, or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Aunque es verano, la mujer", "siempre lleva guantes.", "Aunque el doctor está enfermo,", "va al hospital.", "Aunque le duele la voz.,", "la cantante decide cantar", "en la ópera.", "Elena no quiere ir al parque", "aunque sus amigos siempre", "van.", "Although it is summer, the woman", "always wears gloves.", "Although the doctor is sick,", "he is going to the hospital.", "Although her voice hurts,", "the singer decides to sing", "in the opera.", "Elena doesn't want to go to the", "park, although her friends", "always go."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Compounds of -quiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compounds of -quiera — adondequiera (wherever), cualquiera (whichever), dondequiera (wherever), and quienquiera (whoever)—all indicate uncertainty and therefore cause the subjunctive to follow."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adondequiera que vayas,", "te deseo lo mejor.", "Cualquiera que sea sincero", "puede ser un buen amigo.", "Dondequiera que estén ellos,", "los voy a buscar:", "Quienquiera que esté aquí", "puede salir con nosotros.", "Wherever you go, I wish you the", "best.", "Whichever one is sincere can be", "a good friend.", "Wherever they are, 1 am going", "to look for them.", "Whoever is here can leave with us"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After como"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used after como only if the meaning is however."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0375-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellas van a preparar la comida", "como tú quieras.", "They are going to prepare the meal", "however you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 375, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.6", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Tal vez ellos ___________________ por la comida. (enfermarse)", "2. Ojalá que nosotros ___________________ hoy. (descansar)", "3. Aunque él ___________________ mañana, no quiero lavar el baño. (llegar)", "4. Por mucho que ellas ___________________, no van a hacer nada. (quejarse)", "5. Quienquiera que ___________________ bien puede ser experto. (cocinar)", "6. Ojalá que tú ___________________ bien esta noche. (dormir)", "7. Aunque ___________________ mucho tráfico, queremos viajar. (haber)", "8. Mi amiga busca un apartamento que ___________________ tres cuartos. (tener)", "9. Carlos necesita una casa que ___________________ en el campo. (estar)", "10. El hombre quiere hacer el proyecto como Ud. lo ___________________. (querer)", "11. No conozco a nadie que me ___________________ a la playa. (acompañar)", "12. Ella busca un novio que ___________________ inteligente. (ser)", "13. Quizás él ___________________ la semana que viene. (venir)", "14. Por más que Tomás ___________________, no sabe nada. (hablar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.6 1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Other Tenses That Cause the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned so far that the present indicative in the main clause can cause the present subjunctive in the subordinate clause. This is the most common use of the subjunctive mood."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Two additional tenses, the present progressive and the future periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive) can cause the subjunctive mood as well."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Present Progressive as Cause for the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present progressive in the main clause can cause the present subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0376-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La preocupada mamá está", "esperando que su hijo regrese", "a casa.", "El papá le está diciendo a su hijo", "que juegue en el parque.", "Los padres les están rogando que", "tengan cuidado.", "Les estamos sugiriendo que los", "niños hagan más ejercicio.", "The anxious mother is hoping", "that her son returns home.", "The father is telling his son to play", "in the park.", "The parents are begging them", "to be careful.", "We are suggesting to them that", "the children exercise more."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9897959183673469, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 376, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The present tense and the present progressive are both present tenses."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Future (ir + a + infinitive) as Cause for the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive can also be caused by the future tense in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0376-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a estar contentos de que", "Susana tenga éxito.", "Raimundo va a pedirle a su jefe", "que le compre un carro.", "Voy a insistir que mis amigos", "me acompañen al cine.", "Marisa va a estar alegre cuando", "consiga un buen apartmento.", "We are going to be happy that", "Susan is successful.", "Raymond is going to ask his boss", "to buy him a car.", "I am going to insist that my", "friends accompany me to the", "movies.", "Marisa is going to be happy when", "she gets a good apartment."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 376, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.7", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present indicative. Make sure you know why the present subjunctive is used in each case.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El doctor me aconseja que yo haga más exámenes médicos. (hacer)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te ___________________. (picar)", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina ___________________ un buen trabajo. (obtener)", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia ___________________ a su compañero. (conocer)", "5. Es imposible que Roberto ___________________ todo. (saber)", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos ___________________ contra el dueño. (ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes ___________________. (venir)", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me ___________________ cien dólares? (prestar)", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes ___________________. (aprender)", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores ___________________. (ensayar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pique", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "obtenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "preste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "aprendan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ensayen", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.7 1. estén 2. pique 3. obtenga 4. conozca 5. sepa 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. preste 9. aprendan 10. ensayen", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pique", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "obtenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "preste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "aprendan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ensayen", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estén 2. pique 3. obtenga 4. conozca 5. sepa 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. preste 9. aprendan 10. ensayen"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.8", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present progressive.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE La doctora está esperando que no sea nada grave. (ser)"], "prompts": ["1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que ___________________ la puerta. (abrir)", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que ___________________. (irse)", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te ___________________? (perdonar)", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no ___________________ en aguas peligrosas. (nadar)", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren ___________________ a tiempo. (llegar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "abramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "perdone", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.8 1. abramos 2. te vayas 3. perdone 4. nade 5. llegue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "abramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "perdone", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. abramos 2. te vayas 3. perdone 4. nade 5. llegue"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.9", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the future periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive).", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre idealista va a esperar que la mujer perfecta venga. (venir)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes ___________________ a sus padres? (escuchar)", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no ___________________ más. (fumar)", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no ___________________. (perderse)", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le ___________________ que se la ___________________. (decir/tomar)", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda ___________________. (cantar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se pierda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diga, tome", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.9 1. escuchen 2. fume 3. se pierda 4. diga, tome 5. cante", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se pierda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diga, tome", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. escuchen 2. fume 3. se pierda 4. diga, tome 5. cante"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estimados lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que Uds. lean con cuidado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La autora"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El juicio"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La escena tiene lugar en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501 ciudadanos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El protagonista entra y empieza a hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA Tengo sesenta años y es la primera vez que me ven en la corte. ¿Cuál es la primera acusación contra mí?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Ud. es culpable de investigar bajo la tierra y en el cielo y de enseñarles a los otros las mismas cosas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA No tengo nada que ver con estas acusaciones y no es verdad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Pero, ¿cuál es el problema, entonces? ¿Por qué hay tantos prejuicios contra Ud. si no hace algo diferente de los demás? Nos puede decir Ud. lo que es, para que le demos un veredicto justo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA Bueno. Voy a decirles toda la verdad. Me dan esta reputación por cierta sabiduría que tengo. Menciono el dios de Delfos para que él sea mi testigo. ¿Se acuerdan Uds. de Querefón? Él fue al dios de Delfos y le preguntó si hay una persona más sabia que yo. El dios contestó que no hay nadie. Pero, ¿qué significa la idea de que yo soy el hombre más sagaz de todos? Me tocó investigar la cuestión. Yo fui a ver a un hombre que tiene la reputación de ser sagaz. Lo examiné. No es necesario que les diga su nombre, él es un político, y esto es el resultado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuando yo hablé con él, me di cuenta que él no era sabio. Cuando me fui, pensaba, “Yo soy más sabio que este hombre; ninguno de nosotros no sabe nada que valga la pena saber, pero él piensa que él tiene la sabiduría cuando él no la tiene, y yo, sin saber nada, no pienso que yo sea sagaz. No pienso que sé lo que no sé.” Después, fui a ver a los poetas, pensando que ellos iban a ser más sagaces que yo. Pero averigüé que no es por la sabiduría que los poetas crean sus poemas sino por una inspiración divina. Por fin, fui a ver a los artesanos. Ellos sabían lo que yo no sabía y por eso eran más sabios que yo. Pero me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mucho prejuicio contra mi ha resultado de mi investigación. Y yo sigo investigando y examinando a cada persona que pienso es sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas primeras acusaciones."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0379-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["adivinar", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "examinar", "gozar", "ha resultado", "he tenido", "intentar", "servir", "tener que ver con", "valer", "to guess", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "to examine", "to enjoy", "has resulted (present perfect tense)", "have had (present perfect tense)", "to intend, to try", "to serve", "to have something to do with", "to palme"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 379, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los acontecimientos", "la acusación", "la asamblea", "el ciudadano", "the events", "the accusation", "the assembly", "the citizen", "la clave", "la corte", "la cuestión", "la defensa", "the key, the code", "the court", "the issue", "the defense"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 379, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "la investigación", "el/la juez.", "el juicio", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the investigation", "the judge", "the judgment", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el/la testigo", "el veredicto", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the witness", "the verdict"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 13, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 380, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["culpable", "justo", "principal", "guilty", "fair, just", "main, principal", "sabio", "sagaz.", "siguiente", "wise, clever", "wise", "following"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 380, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué sitio empieza la acción?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Contra quién se defiende el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas personas hay en la asamblea griega?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la acusación contra él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué hizo el protagonista después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de todos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Qué hace el protagonista en su vida diaria?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. Según el protagonista, ¿qué significa la sabiduría?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Se defiende bien el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "9. ¿Es inocente o culpable el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "10. ¿Quién es el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "11. ¿Quién escribió el diálogo de la defensa?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch21", "number": 21, "title": "Commands", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The command form, also called the imperative, is used to tell someone to do or not to do something. The command form is considered a mood, and exists only in the immediate present. The Spanish affirmative command is equivalent to English commands, such as turn here or follow the directions. The Spanish negative command is equivalent to English don’t scream or don’t drink the water, for example. Except for the affirmative tú command, all the constructions use a form that is the same as the present subjunctive, so your knowledge of the subjunctive is a great help."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Even though there are other ways to request that people do things, the command form is necessary in many situations. For example, let’s say you need to give someone directions:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Go straight ahead, and then turn to the right."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Follow the red line."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Walk in the direction of the traffic."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sometimes you need the command form to tell people not to do something, and you don’t have very much time to do it in."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t touch the light socket!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t jump in the water—there are sharks!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t move."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t worry."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Affirmative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The affirmative command form in the familiar tú is the same as the third-person singular of the present indicative. If the third-person indicative form is irregular, so is the command form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "Baila. Canta.", "Mira. Escucha.", "Empieza. Piensa.", "Dance. Sing.", "Look. Listen.", "Begin. Think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "Come. Bebe.", "Lee. Escribe. Decide.", "Duerme. Sonríe.", "Eat. Drink.", "Read. Write. Decide", "Sleep. Smile."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following are the only irregular commands in the affirmative tú form. It is a good idea to learn these imperatives right away."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "tú Command", "di", "haz", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "English", "say", "do", "go", "put", "leave", "be", "have", "COm.p"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Haz tus ejercicios, por favor.", "Ven acá.", "Pon tus zapatos en el armario.", "Ten cuidado.", "Do your exercises, please.", "Come here.", "Put your shoes in the closet", "Be careful."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The command form can be softened by adding por favor (please)."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.1", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following regular tú commands into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Toma tu medicina y llama al doctor en la mañana.", "2. Sigue a la derecha, por favor.", "3. Cierra la puerta, por favor, y abre la ventana.", "4. Corre a la tienda y compra la leche.", "5. Prepara la comida esta noche y después, saca la basura, por favor.", "6. Lee Don Quixote para la clase y escribe tu opinión acerca del tema principal.", "7. Come más frutas y verduras.", "8. Cuenta conmigo."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Continue to the right, please", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Close the door, please, and open the window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Run to the store and buy milk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Eat more fruits and vegetables", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Count on me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.1 1. Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning. 2. Continue to the right, please. 3. Close the door, please, and open the window. 4. Run to the store and buy milk. 5. Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please. 6. Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme. 7. Eat more fruits and vegetables. 8. Count on me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Continue to the right, please", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Close the door, please, and open the window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Run to the store and buy milk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Eat more fruits and vegetables", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Count on me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning. 2. Continue to the right, please. 3. Close the door, please, and open the window. 4. Run to the store and buy milk. 5. Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please. 6. Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme. 7. Eat more fruits and vegetables. 8. Count on me."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.2", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans2", "instruction": "Write the affirmative tú command form for the following verbs.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. apagar", "2. compartir", "3. decidir", "4. devolver", "5. doblar", "6. mirar", "1. Espero que Uds.", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te _", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia .", "5. Es imposible que Roberto", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores", "1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que _", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no", "8. regresar", "9. terminar", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren", "1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no _", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda"], "ocrLines": ["1. apagar", "2. compartir", "3. decidir", "4. devolver", "5. doblar", "6. mirar", "7 or", "to turn off", "to share", "to decide", "to return (an object)", "to turn", "to look at, to watch", "to hear", "EXAMPLE", "El doctor me aconseja que yo haga más exámenes médicos.", "(hacer)", "1. Espero que Uds.", ". bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te _", "(picar)", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina", "un buen trabajo.", "(obtener)", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia .", ". a su", "compañero. (conocer)", "5. Es imposible que Roberto", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos", "todo. (saber)", "contra el dueño.", "(ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me", "_. (venir)", "cien dólares?", "(prestar)", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes", "_. (aprender)", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores", "• (ensayar)", "Exercise 20.8", "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form", "of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present", "progressive.", "EXAMPLE La doctora está esperando que no sea nada grave. (ser)", "1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que", "_la puerta.", "(abrir)", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que _", "_. (irse)", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te", "_?", "(perdonar)", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no", "en aguas peligrosas. (nadar)", "8. regresar", "9. terminar", "10 tirar", "to return", "to end", "to throw", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren", "(llegar)", ". a tiempo.", "Exercise 20.9", "of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the future", "periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive).", "El hombre idealista va a esperar que la mujer perfecta venga.", "(venir)", "1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes", "_ a sus", "padres? (escuchar)", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no _", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no", "más. (fumar)", "- (perderse)", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le", "que se la", "(decir/tomar)", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda", "_. (cantar)", "Reading Comprehension", "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de", "diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien", "es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para", "que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que", "Uds. lean con cuidado.", "La escena tiene lugar en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501", "ciudadanos."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "apaga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "decide", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "dobla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "oye", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "termina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tira", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.2 1. apaga 2. comparte 3. decide 4. devuelve 5. dobla 6. mira 7. oye 8. regresa 9. termina 10. tira", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "apaga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "decide", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "dobla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "oye", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "termina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tira", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. apaga 2. comparte 3. decide 4. devuelve 5. dobla 6. mira 7. oye 8. regresa 9. termina 10. tira"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.3", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the tú command form of the verb in parentheses. Both regular and irregular commands are included.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE ¿Por qué no vienes acá? Ven acá."], "prompts": ["1. Tú nunca dices la verdad. ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "2. Tú debes portarte bien. ___________________ un buen niño. (ser)", "3. ___________________ tu pregunta, por favor. (leer)", "4. ___________________ el correo electrónico. (escribir)", "5. Hay mucho peligro en la selva. ___________________ cuidado. (tener)", "6. ___________________ la ropa en el cajón, por favor. (poner)", "7. ___________________ acá. (venir)", "8. Tú te vas a engordar si no haces ejercicios. ___________________ ejercicios por lo menos tres veces a la semana. (hacer)", "9. Necesitamos arroz para preparar la comida. ___________________ el arroz, por favor. (traer)", "10. ___________________ a tu hermanita. (esperar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Sé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Escribe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Pon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Ven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Haz", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Trae", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Espera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.3 1. Di 2. Sé 3. Lee 4. Escribe 5. Ten 6. Pon 7. Ven 8. Haz 9. Trae 10. Espera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Sé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Escribe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Pon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Ven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Haz", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Trae", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Espera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Di 2. Sé 3. Lee 4. Escribe 5. Ten 6. Pon 7. Ven 8. Haz 9. Trae 10. Espera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All object pronouns are attached to the affirmative form of the imperative. When two object pronouns occur together, the indirect object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Escribe la carta.", "Escríbeme la carta.", "Escríbemela.", "Enseña la lección.", "Enséñanos la lección.", "Rnsenanosla.", "Write the letter.", "Write the letter to me", "Write it to me.", "Teach the lesson.", "Teach us the lesson.", "Teach it to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 384, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Presta el dinero.", "Préstale el dinero a María.", "Préstaselo.", "Tráeles las galletas a tus colegas.", "Tráeselas.", "Dame la sartén.", "Dámela.", "Dinos la idea.", "Dínosla.", "Perdoname.", "Lend the money.", "Lend the money to María", "Lend it to her.", "Bring the cookies to your", "colleagues.", "Bring them to them.", "Give me the frying pan.", "Give it to me.", "Tell us the idea.", "Tell it to us.", "Pardon me Frase me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The written accent maintains the stress on the correct syllable in the imperative: es cri be, es crí beme, es crí bemela, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the reflexive command form is very important. The reflexive object pronoun is attached the affirmative command form, and the written accent is again used to maintain stress on the correct syllable. Practice these examples aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "acordarse", "acostarse", "despertarse", "dormirse", "levantarse", "sentarse", "tú Command", "Acuérdate.", "Acuéstate.", "Despiértate.", "Duérmete.", "Levántate.", "Siéntate.", "English", "Remember.", "Go to bed.", "Wake up.", "Go to sleep.", "Get up.", "Sit down."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a reflexive object pronoun and a direct object pronoun occur together, the reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lávate las manos.", "Lávatelas.", "Quítate los zapatos.", "Quítatelos.", "Ponte el abrigo.", "Póntelo.", "Wash your hands.", "Wash them.", "Take off your shoes", "Take them off.", "Put on your coat.", "Put it on"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.4", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans4", "instruction": "Write the affirmative tú command form for the following verbs. All responses require a written accent to maintain stress on the correct syllable, except irse. Pronounce each response aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. fijarse", "2. animarse", "3. callarse", "4. arreglarse", "5. moverse", "6. irse", "7. quedarse", "8. pararse", "9. cepillarse", "10. vestirse", "11. divertirse", "12. dormirse"], "ocrLines": ["1. fijarse", "2. animarse", "3. callarse", "4. arreglarse", "5. moverse", "6. irse", "7. quedarse", "8. pararse", "9. cepillarse", "10. vestirse", "11. divertirse", "12. dormirse", "to notice", "to cheer up", "to be quiet", "to get ready", "to move", "to go away", "to stay", "to stand up", "to brush one's teeth", "to get dressed", "to have a good time", "to fall asleep", "adivinar", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "examinar", "gozar", "ha resultado", "he tenido", "intentar", "servir", "tener que ver con", "valer", "los acontecimientos", "la acusación", "la asamblea", "el ciudadano", "the events", "the accusation", "the assembly", "the citizen", "los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "la investigación", "el/la juez.", "el juicio", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the investigation", "the judge", "the judgment", "culpable", "justo", "principal", "guilty", "fair, just", "main, principal", "to guess", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "to examine", "to enjoy", "has resulted (present perfect tense)", "have had (present perfect tense)", "to intend, to try", "to serve", "to have something to do with", "to value", "la clave", "la corte", "la cuestión", "la defensa", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el/la testigo", "el veredicto", "the key, the code", "the court", "the issue", "the defense", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the witness", "the verdict", "sabio", "sagaz.", "siguiente", "wise, clever", "wise", "following"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fíjate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "anímate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cállate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "arréglate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "muévete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quédate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "párate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cepíllate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vístete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "diviértete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "duérmete", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.4 1. fíjate 2. anímate 3. cállate 4. arréglate 5. muévete 6. vete 7. quédate 8. párate 9. cepíllate 10. vístete 11. diviértete 12. duérmete", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fíjate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "anímate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cállate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "arréglate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "muévete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quédate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "párate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cepíllate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vístete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "diviértete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "duérmete", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fíjate 2. anímate 3. cállate 4. arréglate 5. muévete 6. vete 7. quédate 8. párate 9. cepíllate 10. vístete 11. diviértete 12. duérmete"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Negative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative tú command form is the same as the present subjunctive form."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the negative tú command, begin with the yo form of the present indicative tense. Drop the final -o to get the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -ar verbs, add -es to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -er and -ir verbs, add -as to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No grites.", "No fumes en mi casa, por favor:", "No juegues con fósforos.", "No toques el enchufe.", "Don't yell.", "Don't smoke in my house, please", "Don't play with matches.", "Don't touch the light socket."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 386, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0387-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No mientas.", "No corras con tijeras.", "No comas comida rápida.", "No subas la montaña solo.", "No bebas esa agua.", "Don't lie.", "Don't run with scissors.", "Don't eat fast food.", "Don't climb the mountain alone", "Don't drink that water."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 387, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronounce the commands listed above aloud. Take time to write down both the affirmative and negative commands you need in everyday life, pronounce them, and try to learn them by memory. The negative commands are very important."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All object pronouns precede the verb in a negative command. The indirect object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun if they appear together."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0387-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 387, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry", "Don't go.", "Don't complain", "Don't be afraid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No te pongas el abrigo en", "el verano.", "No te lo pongas.", "No te quites el sombrero en", "el invierno.", "No te lo quites.", "Don't put on your coat in the", "summer.", "Don't put it on.", "Don't take off your hat in the", "winter.", "Don't take it off."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Review of tú Commands"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar", "beber", "abrir", "Affirmative", "canta", "bebe", "abre", "Negative", "no cantes", "no bebas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "Afirmative", "di", "haz", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "Negative", "no digas", "no hagas", "no vayas", "no pongas", "no salgas", "no seas", "no tengas", "no vengas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.5", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following commands into English.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hazme un favor.", "2. Dinos la verdad.", "3. Vete.", "4. Ponte las medias.", "5. Sal ahora.", "6. Sé un buen perro.", "7. Ten cuidado."], "ocrLines": ["1. Hazme un favor.", "2. Dinos la verdad.", "3. Vete.", "4. Ponte las medias.", "5. Sal ahora.", "6. Sé un buen perro.", "7. Ten cuidado.", "8 Ven acá", "No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy.", "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú", "command.", "No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry.", "Don't go.", "Don't complain.", "Don't be afraid.", "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the", "reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Do me a favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tell us the truth", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Go away", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Put on your socks", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Leave now", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Be a good dog", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Be careful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Come here", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.5 1. Do me a favor. 2. Tell us the truth. 3. Go away. 4. Put on your socks. 5. Leave now. 6. Be a good dog. 7. Be careful. 8. Come here.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Do me a favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tell us the truth", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Go away", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Put on your socks", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Leave now", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Be a good dog", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Be careful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Come here", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Do me a favor. 2. Tell us the truth. 3. Go away. 4. Put on your socks. 5. Leave now. 6. Be a good dog. 7. Be careful. 8. Come here."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.6", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans6", "instruction": "Write the correct affirmative and negative tú commands for the following verbs, according to the example given. Pronounce each command aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. correr", "2. caminar", "3. beber", "4. seguir", "5. repetir", "6. hablar", "7. mirar", "8. romper", "9. vender", "10. abrir", "11. subir", "12. empezar", "13. mentir", "14. salir", "15. poner"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "cruzar", "AFFIRMAIIVE", "cruza (tú)", "NEGATIVE", "no cruces", "No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy.", "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú", "command.", "No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry.", "Don't go.", "Don't complain.", "Don't be afraid.", "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the", "reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun.", "1. correr", "2. caminar", "3. beber", "4. seguir", "5. repetir", "6. hablar", "7. mirar", "8. romper", "9. vender", "10. abrir", "11. subir", "12. empezar", "13. mentir", "14. salir", "15. poner", "16 tocar", "No te pongas el abrigo en", "el verano.", "No te lo pongas.", "No te quites el sombrero en", "el invierno.", "No te lo quites.", "Review of tú Commands", "Regular tú Commands", "Affirmative", "cantar", "beber", "abrir", "canta", "bebe", "abre", "Negative", "no cantes", "no bebas", "no abras", "Irregular tú Commands", "decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "di", "haz.", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "no digas", "no hagas", "no vayas", "no pongas", "no salgas", "no seas", "no tengas", "no vengas", "Exercise 21.5", "Translate the following commands into English.", "Don't put on your coat in the", "summer.", "Don't put it on.", "Don't take off your hat in the", "winter.", "Don't take it off."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "corre, no corras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "camina, no camines", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "bebe, no bebas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "sigue, no sigas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "repite, no repitas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "habla, no hables", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mira, no mires", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rompe, no rompas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "vende, no vendas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "abre, no abras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sube, no subas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "empieza, no empieces", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "miente, no mientas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sal, no salgas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pon, no pongas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "toca, no toques", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.6 1. corre, no corras 2. camina, no camines 3. bebe, no bebas 4. sigue, no sigas 5. repite, no repitas 6. habla, no hables 7. mira, no mires 8. rompe, no rompas 9. vende, no vendas 10. abre, no abras 11. sube, no subas 12. empieza, no empieces 13. miente, no mientas 14. sal, no salgas 15. pon, no pongas 16. toca, no toques", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "corre, no corras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "camina, no camines", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "bebe, no bebas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "sigue, no sigas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "repite, no repitas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "habla, no hables", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mira, no mires", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rompe, no rompas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "vende, no vendas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "abre, no abras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sube, no subas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "empieza, no empieces", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "miente, no mientas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sal, no salgas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pon, no pongas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "toca, no toques", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. corre, no corras 2. camina, no camines 3. bebe, no bebas 4. sigue, no sigas 5. repite, no repitas 6. habla, no hables 7. mira, no mires 8. rompe, no rompas 9. vende, no vendas 10. abre, no abras 11. sube, no subas 12. empieza, no empieces 13. miente, no mientas 14. sal, no salgas 15. pon, no pongas 16. toca, no toques"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.7", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Use the tú form for commands.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Don’t eat the salad in Guatemala. Don’t eat it.", "2. Don’t run; another train is coming.", "3. Don’t tell me the secret. Don’t tell it to me.", "4. Don’t do it. ________________________________", "5. Don’t touch it. ________________________________", "6. Don’t be afraid. ________________________________", "7. Don’t lend money to her. Don’t lend it to her.", "8. Don’t come late to the parade.", "9. Don’t give us bad news.", "10. Don’t bring candies to the child. Don’t bring them to him.", "11. Don’t go away. ________________________________", "12. Don’t worry. ________________________________", "13. Don’t wait for me. ________________________________", "14. Don’t be jealous. ________________________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No corras; otro tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "No tengas miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "No vengas tarde al desfile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "No nos des malas noticias", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "No te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "No te preocupes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "No me esperes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "No tengas envidia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.7 1. No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas. 2. No corras; otro tren viene. 3. No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas. 4. No lo hagas. 5. No lo toques. 6. No tengas miedo. 7. No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes. 8. No vengas tarde al desfile. 9. No nos des malas noticias. 10. No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas. 11. No te vayas. 12. No te preocupes. 13. No me esperes. 14. No tengas envidia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No corras; otro tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "No tengas miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "No vengas tarde al desfile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "No nos des malas noticias", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "No te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "No te preocupes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "No me esperes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "No tengas envidia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas. 2. No corras; otro tren viene. 3. No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas. 4. No lo hagas. 5. No lo toques. 6. No tengas miedo. 7. No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes. 8. No vengas tarde al desfile. 9. No nos des malas noticias. 10. No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas. 11. No te vayas. 12. No te preocupes. 13. No me esperes. 14. No tengas envidia."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ud. and Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The command forms for Ud. and Uds. are identical to the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To form the Ud./Uds. commands for -ar verbs, begin with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -e (Ud.) or -en (Uds.) to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To form the Ud./Uds. commands for -er and -ir verbs, begin with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -a (Ud.) or -an (Uds.) to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• There are only five irregular Ud./Uds. command forms. All regular Ud./Uds. commands are formed from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0391-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tome una aspirina si tiene dolor", "de cabeza.", "Firme aquí.", "Entre Ud., por favor:", "Cante. Baile. Escuche música.", "Espere Ud.", "Take an aspirin if you have", "a headache.", "Sign here.", "Enter, please.", "Sing. Dance. Listen to music", "Wait."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9722222222222222, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 391, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The command can be softened by adding Ud. or Uds."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0391-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Abra la ventana, por favor:", "Coma. Beba.", "Venga a mi casa a las siete.", "Tenga cuidado.", "Haga sus ejercicios.", "Open the window, please.", "Eat. Drink.", "Come to my house at seven", "o'clock.", "Be careful.", "Do your exercises."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 391, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb form for negative Ud. commands is the same as the present subjunctive. Affirmative and negative Ud. command forms are identical."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tome una aspirina.", "No entre Ud.", "No grite Ud.", "No abra la ventana.", "No coma, no beba.", "No venga a mi casa a las siete;", "sino a las ocho.", "Don't take an aspirin.", "Don't enter.", "Don't yell.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't eat, don't drink.", "Don't come to my house at seven.", "but rather at eight."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Add an -n to the Ud. form of the imperative to form the Uds. command."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Compren la casa.", "Apaguen la luz..", "Caminen Uds.", "Buy the house.", "Turn off the light", "Walk"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Repitan la frase, por favor:", "Lean el periódico.", "Repeat the sentence, please", "Read the newspaper."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hablen.", "Don't talk.", "No fumen en la casa.", "Don't smoke in the house.", "No griten.", "Don't yell.", "No salgan.", "Don't leave.", "No prendan la luz.", "Don't turn on the light.", "No pongan su ropa en el piso.", "Don't put your clothes on the floor"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronounce the commands listed above aloud. Now list the commands that you need in everyday life. Make your own list of commands and practice them."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are attached to the affirmative command. When an object is added to the command form, a written accent is placed over the stressed syllable to maintain the sound of the verb."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Diga. Dígame. Dígamelo.", "Escúcheme.", "Bésela.", "Siéntese Ud.", "Sirva el postre, por favor.", "Sírvalo.", "Creame", "Tell. Tell me. Tell it to me", "Listen to me.", "Kiss her.", "Sit down, please.", "Serve the dessert, please.", "Serve it.", "Beliere me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ayúdenla.", "Denles su dinero.", "Espérenme, por favor.", "Siéntense Uds.", "Quédense.", "Help her.", "Give them their money.", "Wait for me, please.", "Sit down, please.", "Stay.", "Enséñennos lide Ensáñennoda Teach us theidea Teach it to us"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The -nn- combination is very rare in Spanish."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb in a negative Ud./Uds. command. The verb forms for affirmative and negative commands are the same."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me traiga agua.", "No le diga nada a nadie.", "No nos espere.", "No se caiga.", "No se desespere.", "No se preocupe.", "Don't bring me water.", "Don't say anything to anybody", "Don't wait for us.", "Don't fall down.", "Don't despair.", "Don't worry."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No lo toquen.", "No se preocupen.", "No se vayan.", "No se rían.", "Don't touch it", "Don't worry.", "Don't go.", "Don't laugh."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Review of Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caminar", "comer", "escribir", "Afirmative", "Ud.", "camine", "coma", "escriba", "Uds.", "caminen", "coman", "escriban", "Negative", "Ud.", "no camine", "no coma", "no escriba", "Uds.", "no caminen", "no coman", "no escriban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only five Ud./Uds. command forms that are not formed from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "estar", "saber", "ser", "ir", "Afirmative", "Ud.", "dé", "esté", "sepa", "sea", "vaya", "Uds.", "den", "estén", "sepan", "sean", "vayan", "Negative", "Ud.", "no dé", "no esté", "no sepa", "no sea", "no vaya", "Uds.", "no den", "no estén", "no sepan", "no sean", "no vayan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Remember that commands such as diga, haga, and tenga are not irregular. They are formed from the yo form of the present indicative tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Favor de + infinitive (easy to use and very polite)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Favor de abrir la ventana.", "Favor de sentarse al frente.", "Favor de esperarnos.", "Please open the window", "Please sit in front.", "Please wait for us."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Tener la bondad de + infinitive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Tiene Ud. la bondad de", "acompañarme al hotel?", "¿Tienes la bondad de regalarme", "el anillo?", "¿Tienen Uds. la bondad de", "prestarnos su carro?", "Will you be kind enough", "to accompany me to the hotel?", "Will you be kind enough to give", "me the ring?", "Will you be kind enough to lend", "us your car?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Puede Ud. + infinitive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. cerrar la ventana?", "¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?", "Can you close the window!", "Can you help me, please?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Hacer el favor de + infinitive with indirect object (similar to favor de)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Me hace Ud. el favor de", "traernos el libro?", "¿Nos haces el favor de escribirle?", "¿Me hace Ud. el favor de bailar", "conmigo?", "Will you do me the favor", "of bringing us the book? '", "Will do you us the favor of writing", "to her?", "Will you do me the favor of", "dancing with me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Present indicative with indirect object pronoun or direct object pronoun"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Me ayudas, por favor?", "¿Nos acompaña Ud. al tren?", "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", "¿Nos da dinero?", "¿Nos llevan Uds. al hotel?", "Will you help me, please?", "Will you accompany us to the", "train?", "Will you lend me your car?", "Will you give us money?", "Will you take us to the hotel?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Word “Will”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all of the constructions mentioned above, the English translation using the word “will” does not indicate a future tense, but rather a voluntary mood."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.8", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English, then pronounce these commands aloud.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. No naden en este lago.", "2. No caminen en el lodo.", "3. No se acueste tarde.", "4. No nos lo dé.", "5. No dejen los platos sucios en la mesa.", "6. No trabajen tanto.", "7. No venga a clase el lunes.", "8. No lleguen tarde."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Don’t swim in this lake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Don’t walk in the mud", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Don’t go to bed late", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Don’t give it to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Don’t work so much", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Don’t come to class on Monday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Don’t arrive late", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.8 1. Don’t swim in this lake. 2. Don’t walk in the mud. 3. Don’t go to bed late. 4. Don’t give it to us. 5. Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table. 6. Don’t work so much. 7. Don’t come to class on Monday. 8. Don’t arrive late.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Don’t swim in this lake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Don’t walk in the mud", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Don’t go to bed late", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Don’t give it to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Don’t work so much", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Don’t come to class on Monday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Don’t arrive late", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Don’t swim in this lake. 2. Don’t walk in the mud. 3. Don’t go to bed late. 4. Don’t give it to us. 5. Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table. 6. Don’t work so much. 7. Don’t come to class on Monday. 8. Don’t arrive late."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.9", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans9", "instruction": "Write both the affirmative and negative Ud. commands for the following verbs. Practice pronouncing all commands aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. decir", "2. hacer", "3. trabajar", "4. entrar", "5. leer", "6. esperar", "7. beber"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPIE", "cantar", "AFFIRMATIVE", "Cante.", "NEGATIVE", "No cante.", "Diga. Dígame. Dígamelo.", "Escúcheme.", "Bésela.", "Siéntese Ud.", "Sirva el postre, por favor.", "Sírvalo.", "Créame.", "Tell. Tell me. Tell it to me.", "Listen to me.", "Kiss her.", "Sit down, please.", "Serve the dessert, please.", "Serve it.", "Believe me.", "Affirmative Uds. Commands", "Ayúdenla.", "Denles su dinero.", "Espérenme, por favor.", "Siéntense Uds.", "Quédense.", "Enséñennos la idea. Enséñennosla.", "Help her.", "Give them their money.", "Wait for me, please.", "Stay.", "Teach us the idea. Teach it to us.", "Placement of Object Pronouns with", "Negative Ud./Uds. Commands", "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb in a", "negative Ud./Uds. command. The verb forms for affirmative and negative", "commands are the same.", "Negative Ud. Commands", "No me traiga agua.", "No le diga nada a nadie.", "No nos espere.", "No se caiga.", "No se desespere.", "No se preocupe.", "Don't bring me water.", "Don't say anything to anybody.", "Don't wait for us.", "Don't fall down.", "Don't despair.", "Don't worry.", "1. decir", "2. hacer", "3. trabajar", "4. entrar", "5. leer", "6. esperar", "7. beber"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga, no diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haga, no haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trabaje, no trabaje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "entre, no entre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lea, no lea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "espere, no espere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "beba, no beba", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.9 1. diga, no diga 2. haga, no haga 3. trabaje, no trabaje 4. entre, no entre 5. lea, no lea 6. espere, no espere 7. beba, no beba", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga, no diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haga, no haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trabaje, no trabaje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "entre, no entre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lea, no lea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "espere, no espere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "beba, no beba", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga, no diga 2. haga, no haga 3. trabaje, no trabaje 4. entre, no entre 5. lea, no lea 6. espere, no espere 7. beba, no beba"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.10", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans10", "instruction": "Write both the affirmative and negative Uds. commands for the following reflexive verbs. Practice pronouncing all commands aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirce"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "irse", "AFFIRMATIVE", "Váyanse.", "NEGATIVE", "No se vayan.", "Negative Uds. Commands", "No lo toquen.", "No se preocupen.", "No se rían.", "Don't touch it.", "Don't worry.", "Don't go.", "Don't laugh.", "Review of Ud./Uds. Commands", "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", "Affirmative", "Ud.", "caminar", "comer", "escribir", "camine", "coma", "escriba", "Uds.", "caminen", "coman", "escriban", "Negative", "no camine", "no coma", "no escriba", "no caminen", "no coman", "no escriban", "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", "There are only five Ud./Uds. command forms that are not formed from the", "yo form of the present indicative.", "dar", "estar", "saber", "ser", "ir", "dé", "den", "esté", "estén", "sepa", "sepan", "sea", "sean", "vaya", "vayan", "no dé", "no esté", "no sepa", "no sea", "no vaya", "no den", "no estén", "no sepan", "no sean", "no vayan", "VOTE Remember that commands such as diga, haga, and tenga are no", "rregular. Thev are formed from the vo form of the present indicative tense", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirce"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quédense, no se queden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "siéntense, no se sienten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "levántense, no se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "acuéstense, no se acuesten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "duérmanse, no se duerman", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.10 1. quédense, no se queden 2. siéntense, no se sienten 3. levántense, no se levanten 4. acuéstense, no se acuesten 5. duérmanse, no se duerman", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quédense, no se queden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "siéntense, no se sienten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "levántense, no se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "acuéstense, no se acuesten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "duérmanse, no se duerman", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quédense, no se queden 2. siéntense, no se sienten 3. levántense, no se levanten 4. acuéstense, no se acuesten 5. duérmanse, no se duerman"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Perdida en Nicaragua"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Vaya recto hasta llegar a la iglesia. Cuando llegue a la iglesia, doble a la derecha."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Siga recto hasta llegar al ayuntamiento; camine diez minutos más, suba una colina, cruce la calle y ya está en la universidad. Si sale ahora, va a llegar mucho antes de su primera clase a las diez.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El año era 1987. Eran las siete de una mañana caliente y húmeda como siempre era en agosto en Managua. Empecé mi caminata con mucha confianza y alegría, siendo muy independiente. Caminé con las direcciones escritas en un papelito. Después de quince minutos comencé a prestar mucha atención, buscando la iglesia blanca y grande como era la descripción de ella. La temperatura siguió subiendo. No vi a nadie para pedir direcciones. No hallé ninguna iglesia, ni grande, ni pequeña, ni blanca ni de otros colores."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Desesperada, di la vuelta y seguí la misma pista que me trajo hasta este punto y volví a la pensión. Sudada, miré al grupo, todos alegres, comiendo el desayuno y charlando."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Nunca vi la iglesia,” les relaté a los dueños. Mis colegas me miraron sin poder aguantar la risa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Ah,” me contestaron. “Ud. no es nicaragüense y no conoce bien ni la ciudad ni esta área. Le dirigimos adonde la iglesia estaba antes de la guerra.”"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aguantar la risa", "cruzar", "dar una vuelta", "doblar", "hallar", "relatar", "to hold back laughter", "to cross", "to take a walk", "to turn", "to find", "to relate"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ayuntamiento", "la colina", "la pista", "town hall", "the hill", "the trail"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["sudado", "sweatt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Direcciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "recto", "to the right", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A qué hora es la clase de la protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo se siente ella al empezar el camino?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Estaba ella sola o acompañada?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo volvió a la pensión?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Por qué se rieron sus colegas?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The nosotros Command: “Let us...”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“ Let’s do something,” or “ Let’s not do something” expresses the nosotros command forms. The nosotros command forms are the same as the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Begin with the present indicative yo form of the verb, and drop the -o. That gives you the stem for the command form."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -ar verbs, add -emos to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -er and -ir verbs, add -amos to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The affirmative and negative nosotros commands have the same form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cantemos. Bailemos.", "Esperemos un momento.", "Tomemos un café.", "Empecemos la lección.", "Let's sing. Let's dance", "Let's wait a moment.", "Let's have coffee.", "Let's begin the lesson."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Salgamos ahora.", "Abramos el libro.", "Leamos este capítulo en clase.", "Let's leave now.", "Let's open the book.", "Let's read this chapter in class"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronouns and direct object pronouns are attached to the affirmative command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Digamos la verdad.", "Digámosla.", "Hagamos la tarea.", "Hagámosla.", "Traigámosle las flores al maestro.", "Besemos a los niños.", "Besémoslos.", "Crucemos la calle.", "Crucemosla.", "Let's tell the truth.", "Let's tell it.", "Let's do the homework.", "Let's do it.", "Let's bring flowers to the teacher", "Let's kiss the children.", "Let's kiss them.", "Let's cross the street.", "Let's cross it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative nosotros command form is the same as the affirmative nosotros command form. The object pronouns (reflexive, indirect, and direct) precede the command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No fumemos.", "No le digamos nada al doctor.", "No les compremos nada.", "No nos acostemos tarde.", "Let's not smoke.", "Let's not say anything to the", "doctor.", "Let's not buy them anything", "Let's not go to bed late."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vamos is used instead of vayamos for let’s go. In the negative, vayamos is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos al cine. No vayamos", "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go", "to the museum."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative nosotros command form of a reflexive verb, the final -s is dropped before the -nos is added."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["irse", "sentarse", "acostarse", "ducharse", "levantarse", "vamos + nos", "sentemos + nos", "acostemos + nos", "duchemos + nos", "levantemos + nos", "Vámonos.", "Let's go.", "Sentémonos.", "Let's sit down.", "Acostémonos.", "Let's go to bed.", "Duchémonos.", "Let's take a shower", "Levantémonos.", "Let's get up."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The final -s of the command form is dropped if the indirect object pronoun se is added. The -s is dropped before the se is added. This is done to eliminate the -ss- combination."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere un perro.", "Comprémoselo.", "(compremos + se + lo)", "Gloria necesita nuestra ayuda.", "Démosela.", "(demos + se + la)", "She wants a dog", "Let's buy it for her.", "Gloria needs our help", "Let's give it to her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the stem-changing -ir verbs, there is an irregularity in the nosotros command form. Verbs with the e > ie or e > i change in the stem have an -i- in the stem of the nosotros command. Verbs with the o > u change in the stem have a -u- in the stem of the nosotros command. This is the same stem change seen in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0401-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["e > ie", "Advirtamos a los otros.", "e > i", "Repitamos la pregunta.", "Sirvamos la cena.", "Sigamos las señales.", "Let's warn the others.", "Let's repeat the question.", "Let's serve supper.", "Let's follow the signs.", "Durmámonos ahora. Ya es tarde.", "Let's go to sleep nou. It's already", "late"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 401, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.11", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans11", "instruction": "Write the affirmative nosotros command for the following verbs.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. decir", "2. empezar", "3. seguir", "4. irse", "5. despertarse", "6. jugar", "7. esperar", "8. entrar", "9. tomar", "10. cruzar", "11. dormirse", "12. almorzar", "13. comer", "14. descansar", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirse"], "ocrLines": ["1. decir", "2. empezar", "3. seguir", "4. irse", "5. despertarse", "6. jugar", "7. esperar", "8. entrar", "9. tomar", "10. cruzar", "11. dormirse", "12. almorzar", "13. comer", "14. descansar", "15 volver", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirse", "Reading Comprehension", "\"Vaya recto hasta llegar a la iglesia. Cuando llegue a la iglesia, doble a la", "derecha.", "\"Siga recto hasta llegar al ayuntamiento; camine diez minutos más, suba", "una colina, cruce la calle y ya está en la universidad. Si sale ahora, va a", "llegar mucho antes de su primera clase a las diez.\"", "El año era 1987. Eran las siete de una mañana caliente y húmeda como", "siempre era en agosto en Managua. Empecé mi caminata con mucha", "confianza y alegría, siendo muy independiente. Caminé con las direcciones", "escritas en un papelito. Después de quince minutos comencé a prestar", "mucha atención, buscando la iglesia blanca y grande como era la", "descripción de ella. La temperatura siguió subiendo. No vi a nadie para", "pedir direcciones. No hallé ninguna iglesia, ni grande, ni pequeña, ni blanca", "ni de otros colores.", "Desesperada, di la vuelta y seguí la misma pista que me trajo hasta este", "punto y volví a la pensión. Sudada, miré al grupo, todos alegres, comiendo", "el desayuno y charlando.", "\"Nunca vi la iglesia,\" les relaté a los dueños. Mis colegas me miraron sin", "poder aguantar la risa.", "\"Ah,\" me contestaron. \"Ud. no es nicaragüense y no conoce bien ni la", "ciudad ni esta área. Le dirigimos adonde la iglesia estaba antes de la", "guerra.\""], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "digamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vámonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "despertémonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "juguemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "esperemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "entremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "crucemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "durmámonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "almorcemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "comamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "volvamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.11 1. digamos 2. empecemos 3. sigamos 4. vámonos 5. despertémonos 6. juguemos 7. esperemos 8. entremos 9. tomemos 10. crucemos 11. durmámonos 12. almorcemos 13. comamos 14. descansemos 15. volvamos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "digamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vámonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "despertémonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "juguemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "esperemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "entremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "crucemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "durmámonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "almorcemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "comamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "volvamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. digamos 2. empecemos 3. sigamos 4. vámonos 5. despertémonos 6. juguemos 7. esperemos 8. entremos 9. tomemos 10. crucemos 11. durmámonos 12. almorcemos 13. comamos 14. descansemos 15. volvamos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Affirmative vosotros Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The vosotros form is used only in Spain. The affirmative, familiar plural vosotros command is formed by dropping the final -r of the infinitive and adding -d. There are no exceptions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mirad. Escuchad. Caminad.", "Bebed. Comed. Tened cuidado.", "Id. Salid. Venid. Decid.", "Look. Listen. Walk.", "Drink. Eat. Be careful"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative vosotros command, both the direct and indirect object pronouns are attached to the verb form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Leed el libro. Leedlo.", "Cerrad la puerta. Cerradla.", "Abrid la ventana. Abridla.", "Read the book. Read it.", "Close the door. Close it.", "Open the window. Open it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative vosotros command of a reflexive verb, the final -d is dropped before the -os is added:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["despertad + os - -d- = desperta(d)os = despertaos", "Desayunaos. Bañaos.", "Have breakfast. Bathe.", "Poneos la chaqueta. Ponéosla.", "Put on your jacket. Put it on", "Divertíos en vuestras vacaciones.", "Have a good time on your", "pacation"], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Negative vosotros Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative vosotros command is the same as the subjunctive. The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No cantéis esa canción.", "No bailéis aquí.", "No comáis este pescado.", "No lo comáis.", "No bebáis el agua.", "No la bebáis.", "No le traigáis el paquete a Susana.", "No se lo tragáis.", "Don't sing that song.", "Don't dance here.", "Don't eat this fish.", "Don't eat it.", "Don't drink the water.", "Don't drink it.", "Don't bring the package to Susan", "Don't bring it to her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.90625, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0403-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No cerréis aquella puerta.", "No la cerréis.", "No os sentéis en esta silla rota.", "No os vayáis.", "No os caigáis.", "No os preocupéis.", "Don't close that door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't sit down in this broken", "chair.", "Don't go.", "Don't fall.", "Don't worry."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 403, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For the negative vosotros command, as for the affirmative nosotros command, stem-changing -ir verbs show an irregularity in the command form. Verbs with the e > ie or e > i change in the stem have an -i- in the stem of the vosotros command. Verbs with the o > u change in the stem have a -u- in the stem of the vosotros command. This is the same as is found in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0403-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No mintáis.", "No os muráis.", "No me corrijáis.", "No repitáis vuestra idea.", "No sigáis a un mal líder.", "Don't lie.", "Don't die.", "Don't correct me.", "Don't repeat your idea.", "Don't follow a bad leader"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 403, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the vosotros Command"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The vosotros command is used only in Spain. It is good to know this form, however, especially when you begin to read literature by Spanish writers, or if you are planning a trip to Spain."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.12", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans12", "instruction": "Write the Spanish translation for the following commands as quickly as you can, according to the cue in parentheses. You often you have very little time to ask someone to do or not to do something. (Try to say each of the following Spanish commands in five seconds or less.)", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Don't touch it. (tú)", "2. Don't say it to me. (tú)", "3. Don't do it. (tú)", "4. Help me. (Ud.)", "5. Give her the book. (Ud.)", "6. Give it to her. (Ud.)", "7. Don't give it to her. (Ud.)", "8. Kiss me. (tú)", "9. Sit down, please. (Uds.)", "10. Let's begin. (nosotros)", "11. Wait for us. (Uds.)", "12. Go to the right. (Uds.)", "13. Be careful. (tú)", "14. Fill out this form, please. (Ud.)", "15. Don't drink so much. (tú)", "16. Take out the garbage. (tú)", "17. Don't go away. (Ud.)", "18. Don't worry. (Uds.)", "19. Let's follow the directions. (nosotros)", "20. Drive slower, please. (Ud.)", "21. Please stay. (Uds.)", "22. Call me. (tú)", "23. Don't buy anything. (Ud.)", "24. Don't laugh. (Uds.)", "25. Let's go. (nosotros)"], "ocrLines": ["1. Don't touch it. (tú)", "2. Don't say it to me. (tú)", "3. Don't do it. (tú)", "4. Help me. (Ud.)", "The nosotros Command: \"Let us. . .\"", "\"Let's do something,\" or \"Let's not do something\" expresses the nosotros", "command forms. The nosotros command forms are the same as the present", "subjunctive.", "Begin with the present indicative yo form of the verb, and drop the -o.", "That gives you the stem for the command form.", "Cantemos. Bailemos.", "Esperemos un momento.", "Tomemos un café.", "Empecemos la lección.", "Let's sing. Let's dance.", "Let's wait a moment.", "Let's have coffee.", "Let's begin the lesson.", "Salgamos ahora.", "Abramos el libro.", "Leamos este capítulo en clase.", "Let's leave now.", "Let's open the book.", "Let's read this chapter in class.", "The indirect object pronouns and direct object pronouns are attached to the", "affirmative command.", "5. Give her the book. (Ud.)", "6. Give it to her. (Ud.)", "7. Don't give it to her. (Ud.)", "8. Kiss me. (tú)", "9. Sit down, please. (Uds.)", "10. Let's begin. (nosotros)", "11. Wait for us. (Uds.)", "12. Go to the right. (Uds.)", "13. Be careful. (tú)", "14. Fill out this form, please. (Ud.)", "15. Don't drink so much. (tú)", "16. Take out the garbage. (tú)", "17. Don't go away. (Ud.)", "18. Don't worry. (Uds.)", "19. Let's follow the directions. (nosotros)", "20. Drive slower, please. (Ud.)", "21. Please stay. (Uds.)", "22. Call me. (tú)", "23. Don't buy anything. (Ud.)", "24. Don't laugh. (Uds.)", "25. Let's go. (nosotros)", "Digamos la verdad", "Digámosla.", "Hagamos la tarea.", "Hagámosla.", "Traigámosle las flores al maestro.", "Besemos a los niños.", "Besémoslos.", "Crucemos la calle.", "Crucémosla.", "Let's tell the truth.", "Let's tell it.", "Let's do the homework.", "Let's do it.", "Let's bring flowers to the teacher.", "Let's kiss the children.", "Let's kiss them.", "Let's cross the street.", "Let's cross it.", "The negative nosotros command form is the same as the affirmative", "nosotros command form. The object pronouns (reflexive, indirect, and", "direct) precede the command.", "No fumemos.", "No le digamos nada al doctor.", "No les compremos nada.", "No nos acostemos tarde.", "Let's not smoke.", "Let's not say anything to the", "doctor.", "Let's not buy them anything.", "Let's not go to bed late.", "Vamos is used instead of vayamos for let's go. In the negative, vayamos is", "used.", "Vamos al cine. No vayamos", "al museo.", "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go", "to the museum.", "In the affirmative nosotros command form of a reflexive verb, the final -s is", "dropped before the -nos is added."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ayúdeme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Dele el libro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Déselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No se lo dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Bésame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Siéntense Uds., por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Espérennos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Vayan a la derecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Ten cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Llene este formulario, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "No bebas tanto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Saca la basura", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "No se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "No se preocupen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Sigamos las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Maneje más despacio, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "Quédense por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "Llámame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "No compre nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "No se rían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "Vamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.12 1. No lo toques. 2. No me lo digas. 3. No lo hagas. 4. Ayúdeme. 5. Dele el libro. 6. Déselo. 7. No se lo dé. 8. Bésame. 9. Siéntense Uds., por favor. 10. Empecemos. 11. Espérennos. 12. Vayan a la derecha. 13. Ten cuidado. 14. Llene este formulario, por favor. 15. No bebas tanto. 16. Saca la basura. 17. No se vaya. 18. No se preocupen. 19. Sigamos las direcciones. 20. Maneje más despacio, por favor. 21. Quédense por favor. 22. Llámame. 23. No compre nada. 24. No se rían. 25. Vamos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ayúdeme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Dele el libro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Déselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No se lo dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Bésame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Siéntense Uds., por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Espérennos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Vayan a la derecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Ten cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Llene este formulario, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "No bebas tanto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Saca la basura", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "No se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "No se preocupen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Sigamos las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Maneje más despacio, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "Quédense por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "Llámame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "No compre nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "No se rían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "Vamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No lo toques. 2. No me lo digas. 3. No lo hagas. 4. Ayúdeme. 5. Dele el libro. 6. Déselo. 7. No se lo dé. 8. Bésame. 9. Siéntense Uds., por favor. 10. Empecemos. 11. Espérennos. 12. Vayan a la derecha. 13. Ten cuidado. 14. Llene este formulario, por favor. 15. No bebas tanto. 16. Saca la basura. 17. No se vaya. 18. No se preocupen. 19. Sigamos las direcciones. 20. Maneje más despacio, por favor. 21. Quédense por favor. 22. Llámame. 23. No compre nada. 24. No se rían. 25. Vamos."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.13", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans13", "instruction": "Subjunctive, present indicative, or infinitive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["As you read the following story, underline the command forms."], "prompts": ["1. Quiero que Ud. ___________________. (quedarse)", "2. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "3. Es importante ___________________ bien. (comer)", "4. Esperamos que Jorge y su hermana ___________________. (mejorase)", "5. Paulina sabe que yo la ___________________. (buscar)", "6. Es cierto que a los niños les ___________________ jugar. (gustar)", "7. No me gusta que ella ___________________ a verme. (venir)", "8. Los turistas buscan un hotel que ___________________ cómodo. (ser)", "9. No sabemos quien ___________________ ser presidente. (querer)", "10. Ojalá que toda la familia nos ___________________. (visitar)", "11. Helena nos dice que el tren ___________________. (llegar)", "12. El profesor les dice a los estudiantes que ___________________ la tarea. (hacer)", "13. Vamos a estar alegres cuando ___________________ un buen apartamento. (comprar)", "14. Me alegro ___________________ aquí. Me alegro de que tú ___________________ aquí también. (estar/estar)", "15. Antes de ___________________ al concierto, las mujeres se visten bien. (ir)", "16. ¿Es verdad que a la gente le ___________________ usar la computadora? (gustar)", "17. Espero que a Uds. les ___________________ esta lección. (gustar)", "18. Mi amigo me va a esperar hasta que yo lo ___________________. (llamar)", "19. Buscamos una piscina que ___________________ limpia. (estar)", "20. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que ___________________ tocar el violín? (saber)", "21. ¿Sabe ella de donde ___________________ tú? (ser)", "22. Yo le aconsejo a Alicia que ella ___________________ al dentista. (ir)", "23. Es imposible que la mayoría siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "24. Dudo que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se mejoren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "busco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "compremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estar, estés", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "llame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.13 1. se quede 2. diga 3. comer 4. se mejoren 5. busco 6. gusta 7. venga 8. sea 9. quiere 10. visite 11. llega 12. hagan 13. compremos 14. estar, estés 15. ir 16. gusta 17. guste 18. llame 19. esté 20. sepa 21. eres 22. vaya 23. tenga 24. haya", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se mejoren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "busco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "compremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estar, estés", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "llame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se quede 2. diga 3. comer 4. se mejoren 5. busco 6. gusta 7. venga 8. sea 9. quiere 10. visite 11. llega 12. hagan 13. compremos 14. estar, estés 15. ir 16. gusta 17. guste 18. llame 19. esté 20. sepa 21. eres 22. vaya 23. tenga 24. haya"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La Noche de Brujas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Ven acá m’hija,” dijo su padre. “Ven acá para que yo pueda verte de cerca. Qué bonita estás en tu disfraz.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Vuelve a las nueve como nos prometiste,” le pidió su madre. “Y no hables con nadie, sino con tu grupito de chicas.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Sí, no se preocupen.” Y después, le murmura a su papá para que su mamá no la oiga: “Tú sabes, papá, que mamá va a seguirme, escondiéndose, detrás de los árboles.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Eres muy lista. Yo no sabía que tú sabías. Ten cuidado, niñita, y no cruces la calle sin mirar en ambas direcciones.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Sí, sí, papá.” Les cantó a sus padres el canto de la Noche de Brujas: “Triqui triqui Halloween, quiero dulces para mí,” y se fue."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El papá las mira salir; primero su hija, y después su esposa. Sus dos mujeres; una mayor, la otra menor. Él se sienta en su sillón favorito, en la casa cómoda, entre sus libros. Pasan las nueve; pasan las diez y nadie llegó. Empezó a oír todos los sonidos de la casa, el reloj, la radio, el viento contra la ventana, menos el sonido que él quería oír—las voces de su esposa e hija, llenas de cuentos de sus aventuras."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esconderse", "murmurar", "ser listo", "to hide", "to mumble, to whisper", "to be clever (Estar listo means to be ready.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombre"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el disfraz.", "the disguise"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["m' hija", "grupito", "niñita", "triqui triqui", "my daughter (combination of mi and hija;", "a term of affection)", "small group (When you add -ito or -ita to a word,", "it makes the object smaller or less.)", "dear girl (When you add -ito or -ita to a word,", "it can be a term of affection.)", "trick or treat (from the sound of English trick or treat"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Adónde van la madre e hija?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué no va con ellas el papá?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Piensa Ud. que ellas van a regresar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Es una familia feliz o infeliz?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch22", "number": 22, "title": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Nouns and Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun is a person, place, or thing. In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. The definite article (el, la, los, las), agrees with its noun in gender and number, as does the indefinite article (uno, una, unos, unas)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most of the time, inclusion of the article in Spanish is the same as it is in English."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0409-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El carro rojo cuesta treinta mil", "dólares.", "La comida estaba deliciosa.", "Los guantes de cuero son costosos.", "Las revistas están en la mesa.", "Una muchacha fue al concierto.", "Un adulto la acompañó.", "Unos músicos tocaron bien.", "Unas personas salieron contentas.", "The red car costs 30,000 dollars", "The meal was delicious.", "The leather gloves are expensive", "The magazines are on the table.", "A girl went to the concert.", "An adult accompanied her.", "Some musicians played well.", "Some people left happy."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 409, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Similarly, omission of the article in Spanish often corresponds to English usage."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Escuchamos música.", "Escuchamos la música clásica.", "El hombre enfermo toma", "medicina.", "Él toma la medicina que", "el doctor le dio.", "We listen to music.", "We listen to the classical music", "The sick man takes medicine.", "He takes the medicine that the", "doctor gave to him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 409, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Definite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Even without many rules, you will be able to use the articles effectively."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession. If the profession is modified, the indefinite article (un/una) becomes necessary."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "Juan es pintor.", "Juan is a painter.", "Juan es un pintor maravilloso. Juan is a wonderful painter", "Paula es doctora.", "Paula is a doctor.", "Paula es una buena doctora.", "Paula is a good doctor.", "José es maestro.", "Joseph is a teacher.", "José es un mal maestro.", "Joseph is a bad teacher.", "Eres estudiante.", "You are a student.", "Eres una estudiante fantástica. You are a fantastic student."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with days of the week. The English word on is not translated."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella salió el martes.", "Ramón va a volver el sábado.", "Tenemos clase los jueves.", "She left on Tuesday.", "Ramón is going to return on", "Saturday.", "We have class on Thursdays"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only time the article is omitted when expressing the day of the week is following a form of ser."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hoy es miércoles.", "¿Qué día es? Hoy es viernes.", "Today is Wednesday.", "What day is it? Today is Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with seasons of the year, even though the English equivalent may not include it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La primavera es bonita.", "El verano es ideal.", "Me encanta viajar en el otoño.", "No nos gusta esquiar en el", "inverno", "Spring is beautiful.", "Summer is ideal.", "To travel in the autumn enchants", "me.", "To ski in the winter is not pleasing"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used after forms of gustar and verbs that are used like gustar (for example, doler, encantar, fascinar, importar), whether the English translation includes it or not."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gustan los vegetales.", "A Paula le encanta el cine.", "A Fernando y a sus amigos les", "importa la verdad.", "Vegetables are pleasing to me.", "Movies are very pleasing to Paula", "The truth is important to", "Fernando and his friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish definite article never follows a form of haber. Nouns, adjectives, and indefinite articles can follow haber, but not the definite article (el, la, los, las)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay una persona aquí.", "Había algunos libros en la mesa,", "pero ahora no los veo.", "No hay ningún buen hotel por", "aquí.", "Hay poca gente en la ciudad.", "Hubo mucho tráfico ayer.", "Había dos fiestas el día de las", "madres.", "There is one person here.", "There were some books on the", "table, but now I don't see them", "There is not one good hotel", "around here.", "There are few people in the city.", "There was a lot of traffic", "yesterday.", "There were two parties on", "Mother's Day."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the verb hablar is followed by the name of a language, the definite article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella habla español, pero no", "habla inglés.", "Los portugueses hablan francés", "y portugués.", "She speaks Spanish, but she", "doesn't speak English.", "The Portuguese speak French", "and Portuguese."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used in front of each noun if there is more than one noun stated, as in a series."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El museo tiene el arte,", "la escultura y los dibujos.", "El estudiante tiene el lápiz.,", "la pluma y la computadora", "en su carte", "The museum has art, sculpture", "and drawings.", "The student has the pencil,", "the pen, and the computer", "in his room."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9716981132075472, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with the name of subject matter."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Enrique estudia la ley.", "María escribe la historia de", "su país.", "Platón enseñó la filosofía.", "Oscar y Fernanda escriben", "sobre el periodismo.", "Henry studies law.", "María writes the history of her", "country.", "Plato taught philosophy.", "Oscar and Fernanda write about", "journalism."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before a noun in a general statement."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los cigarrillos son malos.", "El agua es buena.", "Cigarettes are bad", "Water is good."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before abstract nouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La sinceridad es importante.", "La honestidad es rara.", "Sincerity is important", "Honesty is rare."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used to refer to all members of a class."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los delfines son inteligentes.", "Las computadoras son necesarias.", "Los bebés duermen mucho.", "Dolphins are intelligent.", "Computers are necessary", "Babies sleep a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used in front of a personal title in Spanish, even when it is not used in the English equivalent."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El señor Muñoz está aquí.", "La profesora Hernández llegó", "ayer.", "La señorita López cantó anoche.", "Mr. Muñoz is here.", "Professor Hernández arrived", "yesterday.", "Ms. López sang last night."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is omitted before a personal title when the person is being addressed directly."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hola, señorita López.", "Hello, Ms. López.", "¿Cómo está Ud., señor Rodríguez? How are you, Mr. Rodriguezi"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The definite article is not used in front of don/doña or Santo/San/Santa. Santo is used only before words beginning with Do- or To- (Santo Domingo and Santo Tomás, for example). Santo becomes San when used before words beginning with any other letters."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Don Juan tiene una mala", "reputación.", "Doña Barbara vive en Santo", "Domingo.", "Santa Clara y Santo Tomás la", "visitan allá.", "San Pedro quiere ir a San Juan.", "Desean ver San Diego, California.", "Don Juan has a bad reputation", "Doña Barbara lives in Santo", "Domingo.", "Saint Clara and Saint Thomas", "visit her there.", "Saint Peter wants to go to", "San Juan.", "They want to see San Diego,", "California."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before nouns of measurement, where it carries the meaning per."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pagamos cien dólares la libra.", "Los bananos cuestan cincuenta", "centavos el kilo.", "Ella vendió el perfume a diez", "dólares la onza.", "We pay 100 dollars per pound.", "The bananas cost 50 cents per kilo", "She sold the perfume at $10", "per ounce."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When two nouns are joined by de to form a compound noun, the definite article is omitted before the second noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un dolor de cabeza.", "A ella le gusta la casa de vidrio.", "María leyó dos libros de historia.", "La novia recibió un anillo de", "diamantes.", "She has a headache.", "She likes the glass house.", "María read two history books.", "The girlfriend received a diamond", "ring."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The article is omitted before ordinal numbers in the names of kings, queens, and other rulers."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carlos V (quinto)", "Louis XIV (catorce)", "Carlos the fifth", "Louis the fourteenth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Before an apposition, which is a noun or noun phrase that is used in the same way and describes the same thing as the noun before it, the definite article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cervantes, escritor, era de", "España.", "Hugo Chávez, presidente de", "Venezuela, fue elegido en 2000.", "Cervantes, the writer, was from", "Spain.", "Hugo Chávez, president of", "Venezuela, was elected in 2000"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0414-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Baryshnikov, bailarín, empezó", "a bailar en Moscú.", "Bogotá, capital de Colombia,", "tiene una población de siete", "millones de habitantes.", "Baryshnikov, the dancer, began", "to dance in Moscow.", "Bogotá, capital of Colombia,", "has a population of seven", "million inhabitants."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 414, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.1", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans1", "instruction": "Definite article or not? Complete the following sentences with the correct definite article where it is necessary. Mark an X where no article is needed.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Quiero que mi hermano me dé ___________________ libro de ___________________ medicina.", "2. Yo soy ___________________ abogado pero no me gusta ___________________ ley.", "3. Francamente, yo fumo pero sé que ___________________ cigarrillos son malos para ___________________ salud.", "4. ¿Qué quiere hacer ___________________ verano que viene?", "5. El gobernador tuvo un accidente y le dolieron mucho ___________________ costillas.", "6. ¿Son buenas ___________________ computadoras?", "7. Hugo Chávez, ___________________ presidente de Venezuela, le da gasolina a ___________________ gente pobre.", "8. A ___________________ familia le encantan ___________________ vacaciones.", "9. Sinceramente, el mesero no sabe si ___________________ comida está buena en este restaurante."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el, X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "la, las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.1 1. el, X 2. X, la 3. los, la 4. el 5. las 6. las 7. X, la 8. la, las 9. la", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el, X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "la, las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el, X 2. X, la 3. los, la 4. el 5. las 6. las 7. X, la 8. la, las 9. la"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A possessive adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A short-form possessive adjective precedes the noun it modifies."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mi, mis my"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0414-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi cumpleaños es bueno.", "Mis regalos son malos.", "My birthday is good", "My gifts are bad."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 414, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tu, tus your (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu jardín tiene muchas flores.", "Tus hijos siembran las semillas.", "Your garden has many flowers", "Your children sow the seeds."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "su, sus your (Ud./Uds. forms), his, her, their"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Su hermano tiene varias casas.", "Sus amigos lo visitan.", "Your brother has several houses", "(also possible: His/Her/Their", "brother)", "His friends visit him.", "(also possible: Your/Her/Their", "friends)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, a single form (su/sus) expresses the third-person possessive for your (Ud./Uds. forms), his, her, and their. This means that su/sus can be ambiguous, so the construction noun + de + pronoun is often used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hermano de Ud. tiene varias", "casas.", "Los amigos de él lo visitan.", "Your brother has several houses", "His friends visit him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nuestro abuelo es viejo.", "Nuestra abuela es mayor:", "Nuestros hermanos son jóvenes.", "Nuestras hijas son menores.", "Our grandfather is old.", "Our grandmother is older.", "Our siblings are young.", "Our daughters are younger"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like vosotros, this form is used only in Spain. It is explained here so that you will be aware of it, but when you need the word for your in Spanish, use su/sus."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestro sobrino tiene suficiente", "dinero.", "Vuestra sobrina vive en Portugal.", "Vuestros tíos viven en España.", "Vuestras parientes van a viajar", "a ambos países.", "Your nephew has enough money", "Your niece lives in Portugal.", "Your uncles and aunts live in", "Spain.", "Your (female) relatives are going", "to travel to both countries."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.2", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate possessive adjective from the list below.", "extra": ["mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus, nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras"], "prompts": ["1. Soy estudiante: ___________________ libros están en la mesa.", "2. Él es un buen profesor; ___________________ cursos son interesantes.", "3. Ellos son abogados; ___________________ clientes pueden ser culpables o inocentes.", "4. Nuestra amiga es maestra; ___________________ padres enseñan también.", "5. Ella es mi suegra; ___________________ casa está en México.", "6. El cuñado de Cecilia es carpintero: ___________________ nombre es Manuel.", "7. Liliana está en Texas; ___________________ familia vive en Arizona.", "8. Vivo con cuatro amigos, un gato y un conejo; ___________________ casa es grande.", "9. Somos principiantes; ___________________ tarea es difícil.", "10. La hija de Beatriz es doctora; ___________________ hijo es arquitecto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.2 1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. sus 5. su 6. su 7. su 8. nuestra 9. nuestra 10. su", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. sus 5. su 6. su 7. su 8. nuestra 9. nuestra 10. su"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish also has a set of long-form possessive adjectives that are used to stress one possessor over another:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This is my car, not your car."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "They are used less frequently than the short-form possessive adjectives."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are placed after the noun, and they agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. All have four forms that indicate both gender and number."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are used to emphasize the possessor, and they are the equivalent of the English of mine, of yours, of his, of hers, of theirs, of ours."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are used in direct address and exclamations: ¡Dios mío! for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mío, mía, míos, mías my, of mine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu carro es viejo. El carro mío", "es nuevo.", "Tu casa es azul. La casa mía", "es blanca.", "Queridos amigo míos, ¿cómo", "están Uds.?", "Your car is old. My car is new.", "Your house is blue. My house", "is white.", "Dear friends of mine, how are", "you?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas your (tú form), of yours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me gusta mi apartamento.", "Prefiero el apartamento tuyo.", "Mis plumas no tienen tinta.", "¿Me puedes prestar las plumas", "tuyas?", "I don't like my apartment.", "I prefer your apartment.", "My pens have no ink.", "Can you lend me your pensi"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "suyo, suya, suyos, suyas your (Ud./Uds. forms), of yours; his, of his; her, of hers; their, of theirs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tomás y Helena están aquí.", "Necesito el carro suyo.", "¿El carro de él o el carro de ella?", "Thomas and Helen are here.", "I need his car.", "(also possible: her/their car)", "His car or her car?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that in Spanish there is only one form for the third-person possessive adjective. This means that suyo/suya/suyos/suyas can be ambiguous. The construction noun + de + pronoun or noun is used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Sara y José escriben cuentos.", "Los artículos de ella son", "aburridos, pero los artículos", "suyos son interesantes.", "A Ana le agrada David.", "Ana es una amiga suya.", "A David le agrada Ana.", "David es un amigo suyo.", "Las ideas suyas son estupendas.", "iLas ideas de quiénes?", "L as ideas de Uds.", "Sara and Joe write short stories.", "Her articles are boring, but his", "articles are interesting.", "Ana likes David.", "Ana is a friend of his.", "David likes Ana.", "David is a friend of hers.", "The ideas of yours/his/her/theirs", "are great.", "The ideas of whom?", "Your ideas."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our, of ours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. tiene una familia grande.", "La familia nuestra es pequeña.", "Los parientes de Enrique viven", "en Ecuador.", "Los parientes nuestros viven", "en Inglaterra.", "You have a big family.", "Our family is small.", "Henry's relatives live in Ecuador", "Our relatives live in England."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form), of yours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mis amigos son de los Estados", "Unidos.", "Los amigos vuestros son", "de España.", "Mis primas viven en California.", "Las primas vuestras viven", "en Madrid", "My friends are from the United", "States.", "Your friends are from Spain.", "My cousins live in California.", "Your cousins live in Madrid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Long-form possessive adjectives can also occur with the indefinite article— un, uno, una, unos, unas."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Un estudiante suyo recibe", "buenas notas.", "El maestro explica una idea", "nuestra.", "Unos amigos míos van de", "vacaciones.", "Unas amigas tuyas prefieren", "trabajar.", "A student of yours receives", "good marks.", "The teacher explains an idea", "of ours.", "Some friends of mine are going", "on vacation.", "Some friends of yours prefer", "to work."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.3", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive adjective, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Querido amigo _________________, ¿vienes a visitarme? (of mine)", "2. El libro _________________ es más pesado que el libro _________________. (yours/mine)", "3. Tus zapatos son viejos; los zapatos _________________ son costosos y nuevos. (of hers)", "4. A los dos compañeros de cuarto siempre se les pierden las llaves. Afortunadamente, tienen otras llaves _________________. (of theirs)", "5. Unas primas _________________ quieren ir a México; la otra no quiere viajar. (of mine)", "6. La idea de Ofelia es mala; la idea _________________ es mejor. (our)", "7. Favor de venir acá, hijo _________________. (of mine)", "8. Los guantes de Rebeca son de cuero; los guantes _________________ son de algodón. (of theirs)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "suyo/tuyo, mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "suyas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "mías", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.3 1. mío 2. suyo/tuyo, mío 3. suyos 4. suyas 5. mías 6. nuestra 7. mío 8. suyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "suyo/tuyo, mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "suyas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "mías", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mío 2. suyo/tuyo, mío 3. suyos 4. suyas 5. mías 6. nuestra 7. mío 8. suyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A pronoun takes the place of a noun. A possessive pronoun tells who owns or possesses the noun it is replacing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Your bicycle is yellow. Mine is red."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mine is used instead of my bicycle, and it is a possessive pronoun because it replaces the noun, bicycle, and tells who owns the noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A possessive pronoun agrees in number and gender with the thing possessed."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A possessive pronoun is similar to the possessive adjective. In most sentences and questions, it is used with the definite article."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The definite article is omitted before the possessive pronoun only when the possessive pronoun is followed by a form of ser."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el mío, la mía, los míos, las mías mine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0419-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu carro es nuevo; el mío es", "viejo y feo.", "Tu casa es grande; la mía tiene", "cuatro cuartos.", "Yo sé que tus amigos están aquí,", "pero ¿dónde están los míos?", "Your car is new; mine is old", "and ugly.", "Your house is big; mine has", "four rooms.", "I know that your friends are here", "but where are mine?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 419, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice how important gender is in the use of possessive pronouns in Spanish. It is clear that el mío replaces tu carro, because it is masculine. Similarly, la mía replaces su casa because it is feminine."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas yours (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tengo una pluma. ¿Puedo", "usar la tuya?", "Dejé mis libros en la oficina.", "¿Me puedes prestar los tuyos?", "I don't have a pen. May I use", "yours?", "I left my books in the office.", "Can you lend me yours?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas yours (Ud./Uds. forms), his, hers, theirs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Compré mi libro ayer.", "¿ Compró Ud. el suyo?", "La casa de Susana es grande.", "Mi casa es pequeña.", "No me gusta la mía. Prefiero", "la suya.", "Jaime no tiene mis zapatos.", "Tengo los suyos.", "David no sabe dónde están", "mis llaves.", "Las suyas están en el carro.", "I bought my book yesterday.", "Did you buy yours?", "Susan's house is big.", "My house is small.", "I don't like mine. I prefer hers", "Jim doesn't have my shoes.", "I have his.", "David doesn't know where", "my keys are.", "His are in the car."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the third-person possessive pronouns, both singular and plural, are often ambiguous. Prefiero la suya can be translated as I prefer his, I prefer yours, or I prefer theirs, in addition to I prefer hers. It can be clarified in the following manner: Prefiero la casa de él / de ella / de Ud. / de ellos / de ellas / de Uds."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el nuestro, la nuestra, los nuestros, las nuestras ours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La guitarra de Gloria es vieja.", "La nuestra es nueva y costosa.", "Elena tiene su propio radio.", "No quiere el nuestro.", "¿Dónde pusieron Uds. sus libros?", "Encontramos los nuestros", "en el estudio.", "Gloria's guitar is old.", "Ours is new and expensive.", "Elena has her oun radio.", "She doesn't want ours.", "Where did you put your books!", "We found ours in the study."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el vuestro, la vuestra, los vuestros, las vuestras yours (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi tren llega de Barcelona", "el lunes.", "El vuestro llega de Madrid.", "My train arrives from Barcelona", "on Monday.", "Yours arrives from Madrid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0421-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mis revistas están encima", "del piano.", "No puedo ver las vuestras.", "My magazines are on top", "of the piano.", "I can't see yours."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 421, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.4", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El himno nacional de Canadá es más bonito que _________________. (ours)", "2. Nuestros tíos vinieron a vernos ayer. ¿Cuándo vienen _________________? (yours)", "3. Enrique quiere vender su cámara. Me gusta _________________, pero voy a comprar _________________. (his/yours)", "4. La mujer quería llevar su chaqueta en clase, pero yo tenía calor, y me quité _________________. (mine)", "5. Los hijos de Sonia se duermen a las ocho todas las noches; _________________ se duermen a las nueve. (ours)", "6. Esta alcoba es más pequeña que _________________. (mine)", "7. Este hotel de tres estrellas es menos cómodo que _________________. (ours)", "8. ¿Cuál de los pasteles desea Ud.? El pastel que deseo es más sabroso que _________________. (yours)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los suyos / los tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la suya, la suya / la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.4 1. el nuestro 2. los suyos / los tuyos 3. la suya, la suya / la tuya 4. la mía 5. los nuestros 6. la mía 7. el nuestro 8. el suyo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los suyos / los tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la suya, la suya / la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el nuestro 2. los suyos / los tuyos 3. la suya, la suya / la tuya 4. la mía 5. los nuestros 6. la mía 7. el nuestro 8. el suyo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Omission of the Article Following ser with Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a possessive pronoun follows any form of ser, the article (el, la, los, las) is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0421-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El gusto es mío.", "La casa es mía.", "Los zapatos son míos.", "Estas opiniones son mías.", "El vestido es tuyo.", "La corbata es tuya.", "The pleasure is mine.", "The house is mine.", "The shoes are mine.", "These opinions are mine", "The dress is yours.", "The tie is yours."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 421, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0422-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los trajes son tuyos.", "Las faldas son tuyas.", "El piano es suyo.", "La guitarra es suya.", "Los tambores son suyos.", "Las flautas son suyas.", "El violín es nuestro.", "La computadora es nuestra.", "Los coches son nuestros.", "Las bicicletas son nuestras.", "The suits are yours.", "The skirts are yours.", "The piano is yours.", "(also possible: is his/her/theirs)", "The guitar is his.", "(also possible: is yours/hers/theirs)", "The drums are hers.", "(also possible: are yours/his/theirs)", "The flutes are theirs.", "(also possible: are yours/his/hers)", "The violin is ours.", "The computer is ours.", "The cars are ours.", "The bicycles are ours."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 422, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.5", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses. In these sentences, it appears after a form of ser.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El libro es _________________. (mine)", "2. Estos espejos son _________________. (yours)", "3. Los mapas son _________________. (ours)", "4. Los gatos son _________________. (his)", "5. La planta es _________________. (hers)", "6. La televisión es _________________. (theirs)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "suyos/tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.5 1. mío 2. suyos/tuyos 3. nuestros 4. suyos 5. suya 6. suya", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "suyos/tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mío 2. suyos/tuyos 3. nuestros 4. suyos 5. suya 6. suya"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.6", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses. In these sentences, it appears after a word other than a form of ser.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi libro está aquí. ¿Dónde está _________________? (yours)", "2. El chaleco guatemalteco cuesta veinte pesos. ¿Cuánto cuesta _________________? (his)", "3. El maestro tiene su libro. ¿Quién tiene _________________? (mine)", "4. Los carros de Jaime son costosos; son mejores que _________________. (ours)", "5. No tengo una buena maleta para mi viaje. ¿Me puedes prestar _________________? (yours)", "6. ¿Hay platos para la fiesta? ¿Nos pueden Uds. traer _________________? (yours)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el suyo / el tuyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los suyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.6 1. el suyo / el tuyo 2. el suyo 3. el mío 4. los nuestros 5. la tuya 6. los suyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el suyo / el tuyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los suyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el suyo / el tuyo 2. el suyo 3. el mío 4. los nuestros 5. la tuya 6. los suyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Relative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Relative pronouns are related to a noun that has been previously stated."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Que, meaning that, which, or who, is the most commonly used, all-purpose relative pronoun in Spanish. Referring to persons, places, or things, it comes right after the noun to which it refers."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Este hombre, que habla mucho,", "es mi amigo.", "Tengo la información que", "necesitas.", "This man, who talks a lot,", "is my friend.", "I have the information that", "you need."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8297872340425532, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Que is also used after prepositions. As the object of a preposition, que refers to a thing or things only, not to a person or persons."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El edificio en que vivo es viejo.", "Tengo la pluma con que él", "escribe.", "Los libros de que hablo son", "interesantes.", "The building in which I live is old", "I have the pen with which he", "writes.", "The books of which I am speaking", "are interesting."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Quien"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Quien means who and is used instead of que when a form of ser is used in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es ella quien canta bien.", "Son ellos quienes bailan.", "Soy yo quien escribe.", "It is she who sings well", "It is they who dance.", "It is I who is writing."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8297872340425532, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Quien and quienes, meaning whom, are used after prepositions to refer to people."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella es la mujer con quien", "Eduardo vive.", "El cantante a quien conozco", "llegó hoy.", "Los estudiantes a quienes vi", "aver no están aquí hoy.", "She is the woman with whom", "Ed lives.", "The singer whom I know arrived", "today.", "The students whom I sau", "yesterday are not here today."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuyo, which means whose, can serve as a relative pronoun or relative ad-jective. It most often acts as an adjective, however, because it typically precedes the noun that it modifies and agrees with it in gender and number."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los niños cuya familia vive lejos", "se sienten solos.", "El hombre cuyo libro tengo se", "fue ayer.", "La doctora cuyos clientes son", "exigentes trabaja duro.", "El guitarrista cuyas canciones", "son originales gana mucho", "dinero", "The children whose family lives", "far away feel lonely.", "The man whose book I have left", "yesterday.", "The doctor whose clients are", "demanding works hard.", "The guitarist whose songs are", "original earns a lot of money."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Lo que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo que means that which and is often translated as what. It is a neuter relative pronoun and refers to an abstract idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Julia siempre entiende lo que", "le enseñamos.", "Lo que quiero decirles es", "la verdad", "Lo que Ud. hizo me sorprendió.", "Fernando tiene lo que necesitas.", "¿Oyen Uds. lo que yo oigo?", "Julia always understands what", "we teach her. (Julia always", "understands that which we", "teach her.)", "What I want to say to you is", "the truth.", "What you did surprised me.", "Fernando has what you need.", "Do you hear what I hear?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When lo que is used to mean whatever, it is followed by the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0425-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El día de tu cumpleaños, puedes", "hacer lo que quieras.", "On your birthday, you can do", "whatever you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 425, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.7", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate relative pronoun. Choose from the list below.", "extra": ["lo que, que, quien, quienes, cuyo"], "prompts": ["1. Sabemos _________________ Luisa sabe.", "2. Los hombres, _________________ jugaban tenis contra sus esposas, perdían.", "3. Este hotel, en _________________ pasamos nuestras vacaciones, es maravilloso.", "4. Samuel y su hermano, _________________ viven en el décimo piso, son carpinteros.", "5. Graciela tiene dos nietos con _________________ viaja.", "6. Ella tiene un bastón con _________________ caminar.", "7. _________________ Raúl hace no le sirve.", "8. ¿Eres tú _________________ baila bien?", "9. Somos nosotros _________________ cantan bien.", "10. ¿Entendieron Uds. _________________ yo les enseñé?", "11. ¿Compraste la casa _________________ me gustó?", "12. No tengo nadie con _________________ hablar.", "13. A este hombre _________________ esposa tiene tres coches no le gusta manejar.", "14. Mi mejor amigo, _________________ hermanos bailan y cantan, toca bien el violín."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.7 1. lo que 2. que 3. que 4. que 5. quienes 6. que 7. Lo que 8. quien 9. quienes 10. lo que 11. que 12. quien 13. cuya 14. cuyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. lo que 2. que 3. que 4. que 5. quienes 6. que 7. Lo que 8. quien 9. quienes 10. lo que 11. que 12. quien 13. cuya 14. cuyos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.8", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Rita vendió la casa que me gustó.", "2. Lo que Ud. dijo era verdad.", "3. No sé si este hombre conocido, que estudia la filosofía, quiere ir a Grecia con sus amigos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Rita sold the house that I liked", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "What you said was true", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.8 1. Rita sold the house that I liked. 2. What you said was true. 3. I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Rita sold the house that I liked", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "What you said was true", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Rita sold the house that I liked. 2. What you said was true. 3. I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El que, la que, los que, las que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El que and its related forms are translated as that, which, who, the one that, the ones that, the one who, and the ones who. They refer to people or things, show gender and number, and can be used instead of que for emphasis or clarification. Que is used much more in conversation, while the forms of el que are used more in written Spanish. This form is not commonly used in speech as a connector. It is good to know these forms, but for conversation, you’ll probably use que."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0426-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi hermana, la que es baja,", "compró tacones.", "El turista, el que llegó ayer, está", "cansado.", "Las mesas, las que son de vidrio,", "son caras.", "Mis sobrinos, los que estudian", "la ley, quieren ser abogados.", "My sister, who is short, bought", "high heels.", "The tourist, the one who arrived", "yesterday, is tired.", "The tables, the ones that are made", "of glass, are expensive.", "My nephews, who study law,", "want to be lawyers."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 426, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El cual and its related forms also mean that, which, or who. They are interchangeable with el que, la que, los que, and las que. Like the latter forms, these are used more in writing than in speech."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This form replaces que when there is some doubt about the reference, or if the relative pronoun is at a distance from the antecedent. These relative pronouns also show gender and number, so they are used to avoid confusion when there is more than one possible noun to which they might refer."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0427-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El padre de mi amiga, el cual", "es científico, fue a Alemania", "a estudiar.", "La madre de Federico, la cual", "canta y baila, es actriz.", "Los hermanos de Susana,", "los cuales trabajan en España,", "hablan español.", "Las hijas de Gabriel, las cuales", "están alegres, viajan mucho.", "My friend's father, who is", "a scientist, went to Germany", "to study.", "Fred's mother, who sings and", "dances, is an actress.", "Susan's brothers, who work in", "Spain, speak Spanish.", "Gabriel's daughters, the ones", "who are happy, travel a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 427, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El cual and its related forms are most frequently used after prepositions other than a, de, con and en. They are especially common with compound prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0427-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La razón por la cual Isabel viaja", "es un misterio.", "Había una guerra durante la cual", "muchas personas murieron.", "Éste es el edificio enfrente del", "cual vi el accidente.", "Éstas son las calles debajo de", "las cuales hay varias líneas", "de metro.", "Aquí está la fuente detrás de", "la cual Lorenzo y Laura", "se enamoraton.", "The reason why Isabel", "travels is a mystery.", "There was a war during which", "many people died.", "This is the building in front", "of which I saw the accident.", "These are the streets under which", "there are several subway lines.", "Here is the fountain behind which", "Lorenzo and Laura fell in love."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 427, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE La razón por la cual is translated the reason why in English. Literally, the translation is the reason through which."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.9", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate relative pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es ella ___________________ lo ama.", "2. Yo sabía ___________________ los estudiantes estaban alegres.", "3. Muchas personas murieron durante la guerra ___________________ no era necesaria.", "4. La razón por ___________________ Paulina y Raúl se enamoraron es obvia.", "5. Las vacas y los búfalos comen hierba, ___________________ dan leche.", "6. Susana necesita un bastón con ___________________ andar.", "7. Ella necesita una persona con ___________________ estar.", "8. Es un buen barrio en ___________________ vivir.", "9. ¿Cuál es el tema de ___________________ tú hablas?", "10. ¿A ___________________ buscan Uds.?", "11. ¿Es ésta la puerta por ___________________ entramos?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que / la que / la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las que / las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quien / quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.9 1. quien 2. que 3. que / la que / la cual 4. la cual 5. las que / las cuales 6. que 7. quien 8. que 9. que 10. quien / quienes 11. la cual", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que / la que / la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las que / las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quien / quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quien 2. que 3. que / la que / la cual 4. la cual 5. las que / las cuales 6. que 7. quien 8. que 9. que 10. quien / quienes 11. la cual"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns look similar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0428-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "este", "estos", "ese", "esos", "aquel", "aquellos", "Feminine", "esta", "estas", "esa", "esas", "aquella", "aquellas", "this", "these", "that", "those", "that (over there)", "those (over there)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 428, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Demonstrative pronouns carry a written accent."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The demonstrative pronoun replaces the noun. Whereas este libro means this book, éste (referring to el libro) means this one and replaces el libro (the book). The pronunciation is the same for both forms."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["NEAR THE SPEAKER", "NEAR THE LISTENER", "FAR FROM BOTH", "SPEAKER AND LISTENER", "Masculine", "éste", "éstos", "ése", "ésos", "aquél", "aquéllos", "Feminine", "ésta", "éstas", "ésa", "ésas", "aquélla", "aquéllas", "this one", "these (ones)", "that one", "those (ones)", "that one (over there)", "those (over there)", "Los zapatos suyos son más", "Your shoes are more elegant", "elegantes que éstos que están", "than these that are in the", "en la ventana.", "window.", "Estos perros feroces ladran", "mucho, pero aquéllos son", "These wild dogs bark a lot,", "but those (over there) are", "mansos.", "tame.", "Nos gusta este carro, pero vamos", "We like this car, but we are going", "a comprar ése.", "to buy that one.", "Esta vista de la ciudad es", "This view of the city is beautiful,", "hermosa, pero prefiero ésa.", "but I prefer that one.", "The demonstrative pronoun is also used to express former and latter.", "Dos personas, Julia y Ana,", "Two people, Julia and Ana, love", "se quieren mucho.", "each other a lot.", "Ésa es alta y delgada; ésta es", "The former is tall and thin;", "baja y cariñosa.", "the latter is short and", "affectionate."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns that do not carry written accents. They refer to an object that is not known, a statement, or a general idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esto", "eso", "aquello", "this", "that", "that (farther away in place or time)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué es esto?", "¡Eso es imposible!", "Aquello me molesta.", "What is this?", "That is impossible!", "That annoys me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mi viaje"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy preparándome para mis vacaciones en México y se me perdió el pasaporte. ¿Es necesario que yo tenga un pasaporte? Pienso que sí. ¿A quién le pregunto? Debo llamar a mi amigo Juan que viaja mucho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ojalá que sepa. El año pasado viajó a Oaxaca, una ciudad en México la cual está a seis horas por bus desde la capital. Le gustó mucho o me dijo que le gustó."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy pensando en ir a los Galápagos también donde las tortugas viven más de cien años y los animales y los pájaros actúan como dueños de la isla porque no les tienen miedo a los turistas, los cuales pasean por las islas todo el día, día tras día. Si Juan no está en casa, lo voy a llamar a su celular, el que lleva consigo todo el tiempo. ¿Cuál es su número de teléfono? Se me olvidó."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0430-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["actuar", "olvidarse", "pasear", "perderse", "to act", "to forget (by accident)", "to take a walk, to stroll", "to lose (by accident)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 430, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preposición"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0430-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["consigo", "with himself"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 430, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Adónde quiere viajar el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Quién es Juan?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Puede Ud. describir los Galápagos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo son los animales de la isla?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Neuter lo + Adjective Used as a Noun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo followed by the masculine form of an adjective acts as a noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lo difícil es pensar por sí mismo.", "Lo más importante es preguntar.", "Lo mejor de todo es poder vivir", "bien.", "Se ve lo bueno y lo malo por", "todas partes.", "The difficult thing is to think", "for oneself.", "The most important thing is", "to ask.", "The best (thing) of all is to be able", "to live well.", "One sees the good and the bad", "everywhere."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo followed by de means the matter of, the issue of."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lo de la mujer le interesa a José.", "Lo de la tecnología le fascina", "al científico.", "The matter of the woman", "interests Joe.", "The issue of technology interests", "the scientist"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressions with lo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo antes posible", "lo más posible", "lo más pronto posible", "lo menos posible", "as soon as possible", "the most possible", "the fastest possible", "the least possible"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.10", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the article: el, la, los, las, or lo. In some cases, the article is part of the contraction al. Remember that the article may also be omitted. If no article is needed, mark an X.", "extra": ["Hoy es (1.) ___________________ domingo, (2.) ___________________ 27 de junio. Eduardo fue (3.) ___________________ cine ayer. Le gustó (4.) ___________________ película María Llena de Gracia. (5.) ___________________ público le gustó mucho también. Me dijo que (6.) ___________________ bueno de la película era (7.) ___________________ de (8.) ___________________ vida actual en Bogotá, (9.) ___________________ capital de Colombia. A Eduardo todo (10.) ___________________ del cine le interesa. Él va todos (11.) ___________________ sábados por (12.) ___________________ noche. Cuando tiene tiempo, estudia (13.) ___________________ historia del cine. A veces, (14.) ___________________ películas que ve son malas, pero no le importa. (15.) ___________________ importante es que Eduardo goza mucho de (16.) ___________________ experiencia. A mí no me gusta ir (17.) ___________________ cine. Prefiero (18.) ___________________ teatro donde (19.) ___________________ actores actúan ante nosotros. Cuando yo fui joven, quería ser (20.) ___________________ actriz, pero a la edad de cuarenta, decidí hacerme (21.) ___________________ directora."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.10 1. X 2. el 3. al 4. la 5. Al 6. lo 7. lo 8. la 9. X 10. lo 11. los 12. la 13. la 14. las 15. Lo 16. la 17. al 18. el 19. los 20. X 21. X", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. X 2. el 3. al 4. la 5. Al 6. lo 7. lo 8. la 9. X 10. lo 11. los 12. la 13. la 14. las 15. Lo 16. la 17. al 18. el 19. los 20. X 21. X"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.11", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas, quien, or quienes. Use each relative pronoun only one time.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. La radio de mi hermano, ___________________ me gustó, era un regalo de mi amigo.", "2. Olivia es la persona de ___________________ hablábamos.", "3. La ciudad construyó un nuevo rascacielos desde ___________________ hay vistas maravillosas.", "4. Los estudiantes ___________________ maestro es excelente ganaron todos los premios académicos.", "5. Conozco a esa mujer ___________________ madre es de Colombia.", "6. Roberto y Jorge vinieron a vernos, ___________________ son de México.", "7. Los muchachos con ___________________ el jefe hablaba son los mejores estudiantes de la clase.", "8. Este hombre, ___________________ opiniones son interesantes, se llama Teodoro.", "9. Tengo buenas gafas por ___________________ puedo ver bien.", "10. A Leonardo le molesta su vecino ___________________ perros ladran toda la noche."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "cuyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cuyas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.11 1. la cual 2. quien 3. el cual 4. cuyo 5. cuya 6. los cuales 7. quienes 8. cuyas 9. las cuales 10. cuyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "cuyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cuyas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la cual 2. quien 3. el cual 4. cuyo 5. cuya 6. los cuales 7. quienes 8. cuyas 9. las cuales 10. cuyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Adjectives Used as Nouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish adjectives can be used as nouns when the noun they modify is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0433-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gusta la camisa azul.", "También me gusta la camisa roja.", "A Paula le gusta la camisa roja.", "Le gusta la roja.", "Íbamos a comprar un carro viejo,", "pero cambiamos la decisión", "y escogimos el carro nuevo.", "Escogimos el nuevo.", "No nos gustó el viejo.", "¿Por qué compró Ana la casa azul,", "si le gusta la casa amarilla?", "¿Por qué no compró la amarilla?", "The blue shirt is pleasing to me.", "The red shirt is also pleasing", "to me.", "The red shirt is pleasing to Paula.", "The red one is pleasing to her.", "We were going to buy an old car,", "but we changed our mind", "and we chose the new car.", "We chose the new one.", "The old one wasn't pleasing to us", "Why did Ana buy the blue house,", "if the yellow house is pleasing", "to her?", "Why didn't she buy the yellow"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 433, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.12", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans12", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct adjective used as a noun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre viejo no camina bien. La mujer vieja usa un bastón. Los dos viejos dan un paseo cada mañana. (the two old people)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no te gusta este nuevo restaurante chino? ¿Prefieres ___________________? (the old one)", "2. Los dos carros son económicos: uno es verde; el otro es blanco. Voy a comprar ___________________. (the white one)", "3. Al hombre le gustan dos apartamentos: un apartamento grande y costoso y otro apartamento mediano y barato. Decide comprar ___________________. (the big one)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el viejo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el blanco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el grande", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.12 1. el viejo 2. el blanco 3. el grande", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el viejo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el blanco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el grande", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el viejo 2. el blanco 3. el grande"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Pronouns Used as Nouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronouns are words that refer to a noun or take the place of a noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El de, la de, los de, las de"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The articles el, la, los, las followed by de can replace a noun when that noun is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0434-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro de Olivia y el (libro) de", "su hermano son interesantes.", "Tu blusa y la (blusa) de María son", "hermosas.", "Los perros feroces viven en", "el campo.", "Los de mi hermano son animales", "domesticados.", "Estas camisas son caras.", "Las de Alicia son baratas.", "Olivia's book and that of her", "brother are interesting.", "Your blouse and that of María", "are beautiful.", "The wild dogs live in the", "countryside.", "My brother's are pets.", "(My brother's = Those of my", "brother = My brother's dogs", "These shirts are expensive.", "Alice's are cheap.", "(Alice's = Those of Alice =", "Alice's shirts)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8552631578947368, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 434, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El que, la que, los que, las que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The articles el, la, los, las followed by que can replace a noun when that noun is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0434-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los dos hombres son amigos.", "El que se llama Alonso juega", "al baloncesto.", "Hay dos mujeres que aman", "a David.", "La que está a su lado es", "su esposa.", "Hay documentos en mi", "escritorio.", "Los que están en el banco son", "de mi sobrina.", "The two men are friends.", "He who is called Alonso plays", "basketball.", "There are two women who love", "David.", "The one who is at his side is", "his wife.", "There are documents on my", "writing table.", "Those that are in the bank are", "my niece's."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 434, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Pronunciation Practice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the following selection aloud."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Los maderos de San Juan Un poema por José Asunción Silva"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "José Asunción Silva nació en 1865 y se murió en 1896 en Bogotá, Colombia. Él comparte con Rubén Darío y otros la estética literaria conocida bajo el nombre de modernismo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y aserrín"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "aserrán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los maderos"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "de San Juan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "piden queso,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "piden pan;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Roque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Alfandoque;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Rique,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Alfeñique;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Trique,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Triquitrán."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Trique, trique, trique, tran!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Trique, trique, trique, tran!"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0435-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aserrán", "aserrín", "los maderos", "nonsense word", "saudust", "logs"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 435, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo fatal Un poema por Rubén Darío"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Rubén Darío nació en 1867 en Metapa, Nicaragua, y se murió en su país en 1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dichoso el árbol que es apenas sensitivo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y más la piedra dura porque ésa ya no siente,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "pues no hay dolor más grande que el dolor de ser vivo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ni mayor pesadumbre que la vida consciente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser, y no saber nada, y ser sin rumbo cierto,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y el temor de haber sido y un futuro terror…"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y el espanto seguro de estar mañana muerto,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y sufrir por la vida y por la sombra y por"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "lo que no conocemos y apenas sospechamos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y la carne que tienta con sus frescos racimos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y la tumba que aguarda con sus fúnebres ramos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡y no saber adónde vamos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ni de dónde venimos!..."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aguardar", "haber sido", "sospechar", "tentar", "to keep", "to have been (present perfect tense)", "to suspect", "to tempt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el espanto", "la pesadumbre", "los racimos", "los ramos", "el rumbo", "the fright", "the sorrow", "the clusters/bunches", "the bouquets", "the path"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apenas", "sin rumbo", "hardly", "without direction"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. Según el poema, ¿por qué son dichosos el árbol y la piedra?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿De qué sufre el poeta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es el tema del poema?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la opinión de Ud. acerca de las ideas del poema?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch23", "number": 23, "title": "The Present Perfect Tense", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses past action closely related to the present."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect is a compound tense formed with the present tense of the helping verb haber and the past participle of the main verb. The English equivalent of haber + past participle is to have done something. In the present tense, it corresponds to the present perfect in English: I have eaten there many times, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that we are waiting for, but that hasn’t yet happened"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that began in the past and continues to the present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that has happened at various times in the past and may happen again"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Participle"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past participle of all -ar verbs, drop the ending and add -ado to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0438-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alquilar", "apretar", "aumentar", "alquilado", "apretado", "aumentado", "horrado", "rented", "squeezed, tightened", "increased, augmented", "erased"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 438, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decepcionar", "empujar", "estacionar", "estar", "llegar", "marcar", "tomar", "usar", "viajar", "decepcionado", "empujado", "estacionado", "estado", "llegado", "marcado", "tomado", "usado", "viajado", "disappointed", "pushed", "parked", "been", "arrived", "dialed, marked", "taken", "used", "traveled"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past participle of most -er and -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -ido to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber", "comer", "entender", "perder", "ser", "torcer", "bebido", "comido", "entendido", "perdido", "sido", "torcido", "drunk", "eaten", "understood", "lost", "been", "tristed."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["advertir", "añadir", "convertir", "dormir", "hervir", "ir", "oprimir", "recibir", "advertido", "añadido", "convertido", "dormido", "hervido", "ido", "oprimido", "recibido", "warned", "added", "converted", "slept", "boiled", "gone", "pressed", "receired"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all regular past participles, the Spanish d is pronounced like the soft th sound in English other. Practice the pronunciation of past participles with a th sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel have a written accent above the -i- in the past participle to maintain the -ido sound."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atraer", "caer", "creer", "leer", "oír", "traer", "atraído", "caído", "creído", "leído", "oído", "traído", "attracted", "fallen", "believed", "read", "heard", "brought"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333332909478081, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that end in -uir do not carry a written accent in the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "destruir", "huir", "construido", "destruido", "huido", "constructed", "destroyed", "fled"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Past Participles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are the 12 basic irregular past participles in Spanish. Pronounce each of them as you learn them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir", "cubrir", "decir", "escribir", "freír", "hacer", "morir", "poner", "pudrir", "romper", "ver", "volver", "abierto", "cubierto", "dicho", "escrito", "frito", "hecho", "muerto", "puesto", "podrido", "roto", "visto", "vielto", "opened", "covered", "told, said", "written", "fried", "done", "died", "put", "rotted", "broken", "seen", "returned."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a prefix is added to any of the irregular verbs above, the past participle shows the same irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["describir", "descubrir", "devolver", "disolver", "descrito", "descubierto", "devuelto", "disuelto", "described", "discovered", "returned (an object)", "dissolved"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8809523809523809, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0441-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["envolver", "oponer", "resolver", "envuelto", "opuesto", "resuelto", "wrapped", "opposed"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9185184902615018, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 441, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.1", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans1", "instruction": "Write the past participle of the following verbs. Pronounce each past participle aloud, and make sure you know the meaning of the verb.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. jugar", "2. buscar", "3. conocer", "4. entrar", "5. devolver", "6. ser", "7. estar", "8. dar", "9. ver", "11. romper", "12. tener", "13. querer", "14. hacer", "15. decir", "16. ir", "17. abrir", "18. cerrar", "19. morir", "1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo."], "ocrLines": ["1. jugar", "2. buscar", "3. conocer", "4. entrar", "5. devolver", "6. ser", "7. estar", "8. dar", "9. ver", "10 escribir", "11. romper", "12. tener", "13. querer", "14. hacer", "15. decir", "16. ir", "17. abrir", "18. cerrar", "19. morir", "20 amar", "aserrín", "nonsense word", "sawdust", "logs", "Reading Comprehension", "Lo fatal", "Un poema por Rubén Darío", "Rubén Darío nació en 1867 en Metapa, Nicaragua, y se murió en su país en", "1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo.", "y el temor de haber sido y un futuro terror...", "lo que no conocemos у apenas sospechamos,", "iy no saber adónde vamos,"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "jugado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "buscado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conocido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "entrado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "devuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "escrito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "roto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "abierto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "cerrado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "amado", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.1 1. jugado 2. buscado 3. conocido 4. entrado 5. devuelto 6. sido 7. estado 8. dado 9. visto 10. escrito 11. roto 12. tenido 13. querido 14. hecho 15. dicho 16. ido 17. abierto 18. cerrado 19. muerto 20. amado", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "jugado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "buscado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conocido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "entrado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "devuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "escrito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "roto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "abierto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "cerrado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "amado", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. jugado 2. buscado 3. conocido 4. entrado 5. devuelto 6. sido 7. estado 8. dado 9. visto 10. escrito 11. roto 12. tenido 13. querido 14. hecho 15. dicho 16. ido 17. abierto 18. cerrado 19. muerto 20. amado"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the present perfect tense in Spanish, conjugate the helping verb haber (the English auxiliary verb to have) in the present tense and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0441-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo he comido", "tú has hablado", "él ha vuelto", "nosotros hemos sonreído", "vosotros habéis ido", "ellos han dicho", "I have eaten", "you have spoken", "he has returned", "we have smiled", "you have gone", "they have said"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9185184902615018, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 441, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The verb haber is used as an auxiliary or helping verb to form the perfect tenses. The verb tener means to have in the sense of possession: yo tengo dos libros. Tener is never used as an auxiliary verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The helping verb haber cannot be separated from the past participle. In a question, place the subject after the verb form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0442-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Dónde han estado Uds.?", "¿Han salido las mujeres?", "Where have you been!", "Have the women left?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.896551724137931, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 442, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.2", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the correct past participle of the verb in parentheses. Practice pronouncing each phrase aloud.", "extra": ["Complete the following phrases with the correct form of the present perfect tense of the verb in parentheses."], "prompts": ["1. yo he ___________________ (ser)", "2. tú has ___________________ (tener)", "3. ella ha ___________________ (poder)", "4. nosotros hemos ___________________ (estar)", "5. vosotros habéis ___________________ (querer)", "6. ellas han ___________________ (saber)", "7. yo he ___________________ (decir)", "8. tú has ___________________ (dar)", "9. Ud. ha ___________________ (volver)", "10. nosotros hemos ___________________ (poner)", "11. vosotros habéis ___________________ (hacer)", "12. Uds. han ___________________ (llegar)", "13. yo ___________________ (dormir)", "14. tú ___________________ (romper)", "15. ella ___________________ (abrir)", "16. nosotros ___________________ (estar)", "17. vosotros ___________________ (escribir)", "18. ellas ___________________ (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "podido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sabido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "puesto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "llegado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "he dormido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "has roto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ha abierto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hemos estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "habéis escrito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "han visto", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.2 1. sido 2. tenido 3. podido 4. estado 5. querido 6. sabido 7. dicho 8. dado 9. vuelto 10. puesto 11. hecho 12. llegado 13. he dormido 14. has roto 15. ha abierto 16. hemos estado 17. habéis escrito 18. han visto", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "podido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sabido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "puesto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "llegado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "he dormido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "has roto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ha abierto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hemos estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "habéis escrito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "han visto", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sido 2. tenido 3. podido 4. estado 5. querido 6. sabido 7. dicho 8. dado 9. vuelto 10. puesto 11. hecho 12. llegado 13. he dormido 14. has roto 15. ha abierto 16. hemos estado 17. habéis escrito 18. han visto"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses an action closely related to the present. Its English equivalent corresponds to the present perfect tense in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that we are waiting for, but that hasn’t yet happened"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that began in the past and continues to the present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that has happened at various times in the past and may happen again"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Por qué han apagado Uds.", "las luces?", "¿Has comido ya?", "Los viajeros no han vuelto de", "México todavía.", "¿Jamás ha estado en Europa?", "He andado por este pueblo antes.", "Why have you turned off", "the lights?", "Have you already eaten?", "The travelers haven't returned", "from Mexico yet.", "Have you ever been in Europe?", "I have walked through this town", "before."], "ocrConfidence": 0.967391304347826, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The words jamás (meaning ever in an affirmative sentence or question), ya (meaning already), and todavía (meaning still or yet) frequently occur in sentences using the present perfect tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action Waited for or Hoped for"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Todavía no he llamado.", "Mis invitados no han llegado.", "I haven't called yet.", "(I might still call.)", "My guests haven't arrived"], "ocrConfidence": 0.967391304347826, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the following sentences. The first sentence of each pair is in the preterit and the second is in the present perfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No llamaron.", "No han llamado.", "No llegaron.", "No han llegado.", "They didn't call.", "(The action is complete.)", "They haven't called.", "(There is a possibility that they", "will call.)", "They didn't arrive.", "They haven't arrived."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action That Began in the Past and Continues to the Present"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["He dormido aquí por cinco horas.", "Hemos vivido en Londres por", "dos meses.", "I have slept here for five hours", "We have lived in London for"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action That Happened in the Past and May Happen Again"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the actions expressed can be counted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Eva ha estado en Nueva York", "tres veces.", "¿Cuantas veces han comido Uds.", "en este restaurante?", "Hemos comido allí cinco veces.", "¿Cuántas veces han visitado", "México?", "Camillo ha visitado México siete", "veces; Antonio ha ido dos", "veces.", "Yo he viajado a la ciudad de", "México cuatro veces. Me he", "quedado en el mismo hotel", "dos veces.", "Eva has been in New York", "three times.", "How many times have you eaten", "in this restaurant?", "We have eaten there fie times.", "How many times have they visited", "Mexico?", "Camillo has visited Mexico seven", "times; Antonio has gone two", "times.", "I have traveled to Mexico City", "four times. I have stayed in the", "same hotel twice."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are placed directly before the helping verb. This is the only possible position for object pronouns used with the present perfect tense. The object pronouns are never attached to the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos no me han llamado.", "¿Por qué no le has hablado", "a Oscar?", "Paula se lo ha dicho.", "Yo te he devuelto el dinero.", "Yo la he visto antes.", "They haven't called me.", "Why haven't you spoken to Oscar!", "Paula has said it to you.", "I have returned the money to you.", "I have seen her before."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0445-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te has duchado hoy?", "El doctor se ha lavado las manos", "tres veces.", "No nos hemos levantado todavía.", "Have you showered today?", "The doctor has washed his hands", "three times.", "We haven't gotten up yet."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 445, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.3", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present perfect tense of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Laura nos ___________________ la carta. (traer)", "2. Nosotros todavía no la ___________________. (recibir)", "3. Los hoteleros no me ___________________. (llamar)", "4. Sus hermanos nunca le ___________________ dinero. (prestar)", "5. ¿Por qué jamás me ___________________ tú? (amar)", "6. Por fin, mis amigos ___________________. (volver)", "7. El bisabuelo que tenía cien años ___________________. (morirse)", "8. ¿Adónde ___________________ ellos? (irse)", "9. Uds. ___________________ bien el trabajo. (hacer)", "10. Tus colegas siempre ___________________ bien de ti. (hablar)", "11. Irene y su hermano jamás ___________________. (viajar)", "12. Yo la ___________________ recientemente. (ver)", "13. Yo no ___________________ dormir. (poder)", "14. Ellas ya ___________________. (acostarse)", "15. Nosotros ___________________ a otra casa. (mudarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ha traído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hemos recibido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "han llamado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "han prestado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "has amado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "han vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se ha muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se han ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "han hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "han hablado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "han viajado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "he visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "he podido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se han acostado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos hemos mudado", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.3 1. ha traído 2. hemos recibido 3. han llamado 4. han prestado 5. has amado 6. han vuelto 7. se ha muerto 8. se han ido 9. han hecho 10. han hablado 11. han viajado 12. he visto 13. he podido 14. se han acostado 15. nos hemos mudado", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ha traído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hemos recibido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "han llamado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "han prestado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "has amado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "han vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se ha muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se han ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "han hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "han hablado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "han viajado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "he visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "he podido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se han acostado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos hemos mudado", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ha traído 2. hemos recibido 3. han llamado 4. han prestado 5. has amado 6. han vuelto 7. se ha muerto 8. se han ido 9. han hecho 10. han hablado 11. han viajado 12. he visto 13. he podido 14. se han acostado 15. nos hemos mudado"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive form of the helping verb haber is used after a preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0445-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de haber llegado", "a tiempo.", "Ella se alegra de haber hecho", "su tarea.", "I am glad to have arrived on time", "She is glad to have done her", "homework"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 445, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0446-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de haber encontrado", "sus llaves, el taxista empezó", "su trabajo.", "Después de haber ido al dentista,", "Monica se sintió mejor.", "After having found his keys,", "the cabdriver began his work.", "After having gone to the dentist", "Monica felt better."], "ocrConfidence": 0.99, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 446, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because object pronouns can never be attached to the past participle, when they are needed in an infinitive + past participle construction, they must be attached to the infinitive, in this case, haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de haberte conocido.", "Los padres de Laura están muy", "felices después de habernos", "visto.", "Pedro está contento de haber", "cerrado la puerta.", "Está contento de haberla cerrado.", "I'm glad to have met you.", "Laura's parents are very happy", "after having seen us.", "Peter is happy to have closed", "the door.", "He is happy to have closed it."], "ocrConfidence": 0.99, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 446, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.4", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of haber.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Después de ___________________ leído el párrafo, los estudiantes están contentos.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ corrido a casa.", "3. Sus padres les ___________________ dado una bienvenida.", "4. Después de ___________________ comido galletas y leche, los niños están listos para acostarse.", "5. Nosotros ya ___________________ leído el libro.", "6. El muchacho ___________________ entendido la lección.", "7. Sus profesores les ___________________ enseñado bien.", "8. Después de ___________________ aprobado el examen, ellos se sienten satisfechos.", "9. ¿___________________ hecho bien los niños?", "10. Los alumnos ___________________ empezado a aprender mucho."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.4 1. haber 2. hemos 3. han 4. haber 5. hemos 6. ha 7. han 8. haber 9. Han 10. han", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. haber 2. hemos 3. han 4. haber 5. hemos 6. ha 7. han 8. haber 9. Han 10. han"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.5", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans5", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the present perfect tense. You may include additional words or expressions in the sentence if you wish.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Julia no toma mucha cerveza. Julia no ha tomado mucha cerveza (todavía).", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Cruzo la calle a la escuela.", "2. Jamás entro en la clase.", "3. Mis compañeros entran también.", "4. Le decimos “hola” al profesor.", "5. Nos sentamos.", "6. Escribo con lápiz.", "7. Mis amigos usan una computadora.", "8. Contestamos las preguntas.", "9. Almorzamos juntos.", "10. Nos despedimos del profesor.", "11. Vamos en bus a casa.", "12. Les saludamos a nuestros padres al llegar a casa."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "He cruzado la calle a la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Jamás he entrado en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Mis compañeros han entrado también", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Nos hemos sentado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "He escrito con lápiz", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Hemos contestado las preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Hemos almorzado juntos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Nos hemos despedido del profesor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Hemos ido en bus a casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.5 1. He cruzado la calle a la escuela. 2. Jamás he entrado en la clase. 3. Mis compañeros han entrado también. 4. Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor. 5. Nos hemos sentado. 6. He escrito con lápiz. 7. Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes. 8. Hemos contestado las preguntas. 9. Hemos almorzado juntos. 10. Nos hemos despedido del profesor. 11. Hemos ido en bus a casa. 12. Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "He cruzado la calle a la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Jamás he entrado en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Mis compañeros han entrado también", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Nos hemos sentado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "He escrito con lápiz", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Hemos contestado las preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Hemos almorzado juntos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Nos hemos despedido del profesor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Hemos ido en bus a casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. He cruzado la calle a la escuela. 2. Jamás he entrado en la clase. 3. Mis compañeros han entrado también. 4. Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor. 5. Nos hemos sentado. 6. He escrito con lápiz. 7. Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes. 8. Hemos contestado las preguntas. 9. Hemos almorzado juntos. 10. Nos hemos despedido del profesor. 11. Hemos ido en bus a casa. 12. Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.6", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "A Word About acabar de", "Remember: When you want to say to have just done something, use the expression acabar de in the present tense, not the verb haber with the present perfect tense."], "prompts": ["1. How have you been?", "2. Where have all the flowers gone?", "3. Who has just called?", "4. What have you done?", "5. We have sent the document.", "6. Have they had breakfast today?", "7. I have turned on the oven and have put in the chicken. I have to cook it for an hour.", "8. It is no longer hot, because the students have opened all the windows in the classroom.", "9. The exterminators have killed all the cockroaches.", "10. Laura and her daughter have just arrived in Italy."], "ocrLines": ["Yo acabo de llegar.", "Tú acabas de cantar.", "Él acaba de salir.", "Nosotros acabamos de decidir.", "Vosotros acabáis de pagar.", "Ellos acaban de volver.", "I have just arrived.", "You have just sung.", "He has just left.", "We have just decided.", "You have just paid.", "They have just returned", "6. Escribo con lápiz.", "7. Mis amigos usan una computadora.", "8. Contestamos las preguntas.", "9. Almorzamos juntos.", "10. Nos despedimos del profesor.", "11. Vamos en bus a casa.", "12. Les saludamos a nuestros padres al llegar a casa.", "y Exercise 23.6", "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "1. How have you been?", "2. Where have all the flowers gone?", "3. Who has just called?", "4. What have you done?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Adónde han ido todas las flores?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién acaba de llamar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Hemos mandado/enviado el documento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.6 1. ¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado? 2. ¿Adónde han ido todas las flores? 3. ¿Quién acaba de llamar? 4. ¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho? 5. Hemos mandado/enviado el documento. 6. ¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy? 7. He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora. 8. Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón. 9. Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas. 10. Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Adónde han ido todas las flores?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién acaba de llamar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Hemos mandado/enviado el documento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado? 2. ¿Adónde han ido todas las flores? 3. ¿Quién acaba de llamar? 4. ¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho? 5. Hemos mandado/enviado el documento. 6. ¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy? 7. He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora. 8. Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón. 9. Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas. 10. Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El apartamento"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Desde cuándo viven los inquilinos en este edificio en la calle cuarenta y seis con la novena avenida? ¿Quién sabe? La gente no se mete en la vida de nadie. Pero yo sí sé porque me gusta observar la ida y vuelta de la muchedumbre. Es verdad que hay muchos inquilinos que ya se han ido o les han alquilado su apartamento a otros. Los apartamentos son pequeños, pero agradables, y bastante baratos en comparación a otros lugares en la ciudad. Por mi parte, sigo firmando el contrato de arrendamiento año de por medio con muchísimas ganas de quedarme. Los porteros son agradables y el superintendente, que vive solo en el primer piso, nos trata bien."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Una pareja del octavo piso ha tenido un bebé hace ocho meses y están viviendo felices. En el décimo piso, dos personas, una mujer que está vieja ya, aunque tiene solamente cuarenta y cinco años, y su compañero (nunca se han casado) se pelean, gritan, y comen mucha comida rápida de restaurantes. (Veo a los mensajeros con pizza o con comida china todo el tiempo). Una mujer muy simpática del tercer piso se ha muerto, y otra mujer del cuarto piso, pelirroja, cuyo perro se ha desaparecido, vive desesperada y triste. En el piso once, un hombre amargado sin amigos sube y baja en el ascensor todos los días. Cuando voy vagando por el edificio, escucho a veces sonidos de amor por la noche en el sexto y el séptimo. En el quinto piso vive un hombre a quien le gusta patinar. Hace muchos años, él tenía una novia bonita e inteligente. Se separaron de repente, y este hombre, tan fuerte y guapo en días pasados, nunca ha tenido otra compañera. Un día voy a escribir un libro, pero por ahora, estoy satisfecha, mirando a la gente, escuchándola ir y venir en la vida cotidiana."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar viejo", "meterse", "patinar", "pelear", "vagar", "to feel old", "to become involved", "to skate", "to fight", "to wander"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el contrato de arrendamiento", "el inquilino", "la muchedumbre", "el portero", "el superintendente", "the lease", "the tenant", "the crowd", "the doorman", "the superintendent"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bonita e inteligente", "cotidiano", "pelirrojo", "pretty and intelligent", "(The word e is used instead of y", "before words that begin with", "an emphasized i- or hi..)", "daily", "red headed"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresión"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["año de por medio", "every other year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Se conoce la gente en este edificio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos pisos hay?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas personas están felices en el edificio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo sabe tanto de la gente la protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch24", "number": 24, "title": "The Past Perfect Tense", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect tense refers to action that occurred in the past prior to another past action. It is a compound tense. The past perfect tense in Spanish corresponds to the same tense in English: I had eaten, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past perfect tense in Spanish, conjugate the helping verb haber in the imperfect, and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0451-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo había vuelto", "tú habías empezado", "ella había hecho", "nosotros habíamos sabido", "vosotros habíais dicho", "ellas habían comido", "I had returned", "you had begun", "she had done", "we had known", "you had said", "they had eaten"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9027777777777778, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 451, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect tense occurs in sentences and questions that are directly linked to the past. It expresses an action that precedes another action: A sentence may begin with the imperfect or preterit and continue with the past perfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0451-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. sabía", "You knew (imperfect)", "que habíamos salido.", "that we had left. (past perfect)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9027777777777778, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 451, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo creí", "que él se había muerto.", "I believed (preterit)", "that he had died. (past perfect)", "Ellos vieron a la mujer", "que no había dicho nada.", "They saw the woman (preterit) who hadn't said anything. (past perfect"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the helping verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella sabía que él no me había", "escrito.", "Me di cuenta de que ellos no", "lo habían hecho.", "She knew that he hadn't written", "to me.", "I realized that they hadn't done it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive form of the helping verb haber is used after a preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de haber llegado", "a Perú, los aventureros", "buscaron un hotel en Cuzco.", "Después de haber comido,", "fui a la plataforma del tren.", "El actor aprendió el diálogo", "sin haber ensayado mucho.", "After having arrived in Peru,", "the adventurers looked for", "a hotel in Cuzco.", "After having eaten, I went to", "the train platform.", "The actor learned the dialogue", "without having rehearsed much"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8214285714285714, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.1", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The children thought that their parents had left.", "2. I had already set the table when my family arrived.", "3. Roberto went to a country that he had never visited before.", "4. My colleagues told me that they had finished their work."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.1 1. Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido. 2. Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó. 3. Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes. 4. Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido. 2. Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó. 3. Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes. 4. Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.2", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El profesor sabía que yo había estudiado.", "2. La niña pensaba que su perro había vuelto.", "3. Ellos dijeron que habían devuelto los libros a la biblioteca.", "4. Creíamos que nuestros amigos nos habían escrito.", "5. Estuvimos seguras que los jóvenes habían tenido éxito.", "6. Pensábamos que los ladrones habían estado en el banco.", "7. El policía creía que nosotros los habíamos visto.", "8. Les dijimos a los detectives que no habíamos sido buenos testigos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The professor knew that I had studied", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The child thought that her dog had returned", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "They said that they had returned the books to the library", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "We believed that our friends had written to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "We thought that the thieves had been in the bank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "The police believed that we had seen them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.2 1. The professor knew that I had studied. 2. The child thought that her dog had returned. 3. They said that they had returned the books to the library. 4. We believed that our friends had written to us. 5. We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success. 6. We thought that the thieves had been in the bank. 7. The police believed that we had seen them. 8. We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The professor knew that I had studied", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The child thought that her dog had returned", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "They said that they had returned the books to the library", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "We believed that our friends had written to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "We thought that the thieves had been in the bank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "The police believed that we had seen them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The professor knew that I had studied. 2. The child thought that her dog had returned. 3. They said that they had returned the books to the library. 4. We believed that our friends had written to us. 5. We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success. 6. We thought that the thieves had been in the bank. 7. The police believed that we had seen them. 8. We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.3", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Todo el mundo había ___________________ para el verano. (ir)", "2. ¿Habían ___________________ Uds. mucho tiempo antes de ___________________ al doctor? (esperar/ver)", "3. Yo había ___________________ antes de ___________________. (descansar/cenar)", "4. Antes de ___________________, Anita había ___________________ sus deudas. (jubilarse/pagar)", "5. ¿Por qué no le habías ___________________ al camarero una buena propina antes de ___________________ del restaurante? (dar/salir)", "6. Nadie le había ___________________ a la senadora que ella había ___________________ la elección. (decir/perder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "esperado, ver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "descansado, cenar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "jubilarse, pagado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "dado, salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dicho, perdido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.3 1. ido 2. esperado, ver 3. descansado, cenar 4. jubilarse, pagado 5. dado, salir 6. dicho, perdido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "esperado, ver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "descansado, cenar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "jubilarse, pagado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "dado, salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dicho, perdido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ido 2. esperado, ver 3. descansado, cenar 4. jubilarse, pagado 5. dado, salir 6. dicho, perdido"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El sueño"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de haber leído su libro y de haber apagado la tele, Octavio se acostó. Las noches anteriores él no había podido dormir bien por sus sueños, digamos, pesadillas, pero esta noche él tenía la determinación de soñar con buenas cosas. Trató de pensar en algo bueno. ¿Qué será?, pensaba. El martes, había pensado en el amor y eso le cogió mal, el miércoles, había pensado en el dinero, pero tampoco le salió bien el sueño. El jueves pensó en tomar algunas vacaciones en Hawái y muchos tiburones llenaban sus sueños. Se despertó exhausto, luchando contra los peces. Hoy siendo viernes, se quedó despierto toda la noche, la única solución en la cual Octavio podía pensar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cogerle bien/mal a alguien", "digamos", "luchar", "salirle bien/mal a alguien", "soñar con", "tratar de", "to go well/badly for someone", "let's say (the nosotros command form", "of decir)", "to struggle", "to go well/badly for someone", "to dream about", "to try to"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la pesadilla", "el pez., los peces", "el tiburón", "the nightmare", "the fish (sing. and pl.)", "the shark"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["despierto", "exhausto", "wide-awake", "erhausted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresión"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0455-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿qué será?", "What could it be? (literally, What will", "it be?)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9571428571428572, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 455, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué trata de pensar Octavio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo son sus sueños?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es su solución?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Recordando Nicaragua"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En el año 1987 Nicaragua estaba sufriendo los fines de su guerra civil. Los sandinistas luchaban contra el ejército de Somoza, los contras luchaban contra los sandinistas. Daniel Ortega era presidente y líder de los sandinistas, el nombre y el movimiento inspirados por Augusto César Sandino, héroe nacional de Nicaragua que había muerto muchos años atrás."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Era mucho que entender—quien estaba luchando contra quien y por qué."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Fui a Managua, capital de Nicaragua, con un grupo de intérpretes y científicos. Llegamos en agosto a una casa agradable entre gente amable. Desde el principio, nos sentíamos cómodos en nuestra pensión; los dueños nicaragüenses nos trataban bien, nos servían las comidas, y nos mostraban su poesía. (Nos parecía que toda la gente era poeta.)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de haber estado en Managua dos días, empezamos nuestro trabajo en la universidad, enseñándoles a los estudiantes avanzados las matemáticas, la ciencia, la medicina, y la astrofísica."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por la noche volvíamos a la casa y pasábamos muchas noches agradables con amigos; hablábamos de la guerra, de las drogas, de la felicidad. Lo increíble era que a pesar de todo, los nicaragüenses habían mantenido un amor profundo por la vida. Mientras tanto, la guerra continuaba."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué estaba sufriendo Nicaragua?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo eran los nicaragüenses?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Quién escribía poesía?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿De qué hablaban en las noches?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle as an Adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Now that you have learned the past participle, your vocabulary will expand even more, because the past participle is also used as an adjective. As an adjective, the past participle follows the noun it describes, and it agrees with its noun in gender and number."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0456-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el restaurante preferido", "el teléfono perdido", "los huevos podridos", "el enemigo conocido", "la ventana cerrada", "las puertas abiertas", "the preferred restaurant", "the lost telephone", "the rotten eggs", "the known enemy", "the closed window", "the open(ed) doors"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 456, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.4", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the past participle of the verb in parentheses used as an adjective. Remember that the adjective agrees in gender and number with its noun. Practice pronouncing the phrases aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. la comida ___________________ (quemar)", "2. la mesa ___________________ (romper)", "3. el pájaro ___________________ (morir)", "4. la tarea bien ___________________ (hacer)", "5. las ideas bien ___________________ (expresar)", "6. el niño ___________________ (dormir)", "7. el amigo ___________________ (querer)", "8. los carros ___________________ (vender)", "9. las blusas ___________________ (comprar)", "10. el año ___________________ (pasar)", "11. los problemas ___________________ (resolver)", "12. el apartamento ___________________ (alquilar)", "13. el tesoro ___________________ (esconder)", "14. las cartas ___________________ (entregar)", "15. la telenovela ___________________ (grabar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quemada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "rota", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expresadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dormido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "vendidos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "compradas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pasado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "resueltos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "alquilado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "escondido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "entregadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "grabada", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.4 1. quemada 2. rota 3. muerto 4. hecha 5. expresadas 6. dormido 7. querido 8. vendidos 9. compradas 10. pasado 11. resueltos 12. alquilado 13. escondido 14. entregadas 15. grabada", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quemada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "rota", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expresadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dormido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "vendidos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "compradas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pasado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "resueltos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "alquilado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "escondido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "entregadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "grabada", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quemada 2. rota 3. muerto 4. hecha 5. expresadas 6. dormido 7. querido 8. vendidos 9. compradas 10. pasado 11. resueltos 12. alquilado 13. escondido 14. entregadas 15. grabada"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle as an Adjective with estar"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past participle as an adjective is usually used with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0457-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy cansada.", "¿Estás vestido?", "El baño está ocupado.", "La mesa está puesta.", "El televisor está prendido.", "Estamos enojados.", "Estamos sentados.", "Uds. están equivocados.", "Los trabajadores están", "preocupados.", "I am tired.", "Are you dressed?", "The bathroom is occupied", "The table is set.", "The television set is on.", "We are angry.", "We are seated.", "You are mistaken.", "The workers are worried."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 457, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the past participle is used as an adjective with estar, it indicates that the idea expressed is the result of an action."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Susana va a escribir un libro. > Ella está escribiendo un libro. > El libro está escrito."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0457-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Susana va a escribir un libro.", "Ella está escribiendo un libro.", "El libro está escrito.", "Susan is going to write a book", "She is writing a book.", "The book is written."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 457, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0458-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los músicos van a grabar la canción. > Están grabando la canción.", "> La canción está grabada.", "Los músicos van a grabar", "The musicians are going to record", "la canción.", "the song.", "Están grabando la canción.", "They are recording the song.", "La canción está grabada.", "The song is recorded.", "La niña va a esconder su muñeca. > Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.", "> La muñeca está escondida.", "La niña va a esconder su muñeca.", "The girl is going to hide her doll.", "Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.", "La muñeca está escondida.", "She is hiding her doll.", "The doll is hidden.", "El hombre va a morir: > Él está muriendo. > El hombre está muerto.", "El hombre va a morir.", "The man is going to die.", "Él está muriendo.", "He is dying.", "F, hombre está muerto", "The man is dead."], "ocrConfidence": 0.88, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 458, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Whether you are aware of this concept or not, you can still use estar + past participle with confidence when you are describing someone or something."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.5", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar + past participle as an adjective.", "extra": ["________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El dueño va a cerrar la tienda. Está cerrando la tienda. La tienda ___________________.", "2. En la mañana, este hombre va a abrir la tienda. Está abriéndola. La tienda ___________________.", "3. Shakira va a escribir una canción. Está escribiéndola. La canción ___________________.", "4. Vamos a construir una casa. Estamos construyéndola. La casa ___________________.", "5. Los estudiantes van a hacer su tarea. Están haciéndola. La tarea ___________________.", "6. Las abejas van a morir. Están muriendo. Las abejas ___________________.", "7. Los padres van a freír unos huevos. Están friéndolos. Los huevos ___________________.", "8. Vamos a resolver nuestros problemas. Estamos resolviéndolos. Los problemas ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está abierta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "está escrita", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está construida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "está hecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "están muertas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están fritos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están resueltos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.5 1. está cerrada 2. está abierta 3. está escrita 4. está construida 5. está hecha 6. están muertas 7. están fritos 8. están resueltos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está abierta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está escrita", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está construida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "está hecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están muertas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están fritos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están resueltos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está cerrada 2. está abierta 3. está escrita 4. está construida 5. está hecha 6. están muertas 7. están fritos 8. están resueltos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.6", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans6", "instruction": "Write the past participles that appear in the following rhymes. Repeat these rhymes aloud to practice your pronunciation.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. La mujer está triste", "Triste está la mujer", "La tienda está cerrada", "Y no sabe qué hacer.", "2. El doctor está herido", "Herido está el doctor", "Los médicos preocupados", "Lo cuidan con amor.", "3. El cielo está nublado", "Parece que va a llover", "La gente no quiere mojarse", "Y empieza a correr.", "4. El baúl está arreglado", "Arreglado está el baúl", "La pareja va al Caribe", "A nadar en el agua azul.", "5. La pareja está separada", "Dividido está el hogar", "Los amantes no se acuerdan", "Cuando se dejaron de amar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "herido, preocupados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nublado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "arreglado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "separada, dividido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.6 1. Cerrada 2. herido, preocupados 3. nublado 4. arreglado 5. separada, dividido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "herido, preocupados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nublado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "arreglado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "separada, dividido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cerrada 2. herido, preocupados 3. nublado 4. arreglado 5. separada, dividido"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle with ser and the Passive Voice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past participle is also used with ser. When used with ser, the past participle expresses the action itself, in this case, the passive voice, rather than the result of an action. The passive voice consists of ser + past participle and is often followed by por. The past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject of the sentence."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0460-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro Don Quixote fue escrito", "por Cervantes.", "La puerta fue abierta por", "el portero.", "Las casas fueron robadas por", "los ladrones.", "Las iglesias en Guatemala fueron", "construidas por los españoles.", "La comida fue servida por", "el camarero.", "The book Don Quixote was", "written by Cervantes.", "The door was opened by the", "doorman.", "The houses were robbed by the", "thieves.", "The churches in Guatemala were", "constructed by the Spaniards.", "The meal was served by the waiter"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 460, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In the present perfect and past perfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0460-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La carta ha sido entregada por", "el cartero.", "Los impuestos han sido", "preparados por los contadores.", "Los testigos habían sido", "advertidos por el juez..", "El apartamento había sido", "alquilado por dos amigos.", "The letter has been delivered", "by the mailman.", "The taxes have been prepared", "by the accountants.", "The witnesses had been warned", "by the judge.", "The apartment had been rented", "by two friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 460, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In speech, it is generally much better to use the active voice. The passive voice is used infrequently in Spanish. For example, the passive voice is used in this sentence:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0461-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El almuerzo fue preparado por", "el cocinero.", "The lunch was prepared by the", "cock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 461, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, it is better to use the active voice you already know."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0461-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El cocinero preparó el almuerzo.", "The cook prepared the lunch"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 461, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.7", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans7", "instruction": "Rewrite the following passive sentences as sentences in the active voice.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE La carta fue escrita por Carla. Carla escribió la carta.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Los vasos fueron hallados por los antropólogos.", "2. El país ha sido gobernado por un dictador.", "3. La clase fue enseñada por el maestro.", "4. El criminal fue reconocido por la víctima.", "5. Los regalos fueron ofrecidos por los padres.", "6. Las camisas habían sido planchadas por Catalina.", "7. Las luces fueron apagadas por los inquilinos.", "8. Se dice que las Américas fueron descubiertas por Colón en 1492."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Un dictador ha gobernado el país", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "El maestro enseñó la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "La víctima reconoció al criminal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los padres ofrecieron los regalos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Catarina había planchado las camisas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los inquilinos apagaron las luces", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.7 1. Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos. 2. Un dictador ha gobernado el país. 3. El maestro enseñó la clase. 4. La víctima reconoció al criminal. 5. Los padres ofrecieron los regalos. 6. Catarina había planchado las camisas. 7. Los inquilinos apagaron las luces. 8. Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Un dictador ha gobernado el país", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "El maestro enseñó la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "La víctima reconoció al criminal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los padres ofrecieron los regalos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Catarina había planchado las camisas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los inquilinos apagaron las luces", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos. 2. Un dictador ha gobernado el país. 3. El maestro enseñó la clase. 4. La víctima reconoció al criminal. 5. Los padres ofrecieron los regalos. 6. Catarina había planchado las camisas. 7. Los inquilinos apagaron las luces. 8. Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El conde Lucanor por Don Juan Manuel"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don Juan Manuel nació en Escalona, Toledo, y se murió en 1348 en Peñafiel, Valladolid. Él pertenece a la tradición literaria-didáctica de la Edad Media."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Había en la corte de Castilla un hombre de gran inteligencia y virtud llamado don Sancho, el cual era muy estimado por el rey. Una de las expresiones favoritas de don Sancho era la siguiente: “Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Algunos nobles le tenían envidia y lo acusaron de que preparaba una revolución. El rey les creyó y envió un mensajero para que don Sancho viniera inmediatamente a la corte. Al mismo tiempo, el rey daba órdenes para matarlo en camino."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don Sancho se apresuró a obedecer, pero al bajar de prisa las escaleras de su casa, se cayó y se rompió una pierna. En medio del dolor, repetía: “Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A causa del accidente, no pudo ir a la corte del rey. Mientras tanto, éste descubrió la falsedad de las acusaciones contra don Sancho y castigó a los culpables. Don Sancho se dirigió, por fin, a la corte, donde fue recibido con grandes honores."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apresurarse", "caerse", "dirigirse", "to hurry", "to fall down", "to make one's way,", "to direct oneself", "enviar", "romperse", "viniera", "to send", "to break", "came (past subjunctive", "form of venir)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 462, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué año nació el autor del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué lo acusaron a don Sancho de ser revolucionario?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Por qué no lo mataron los mensajeros del rey?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la moraleja del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch25", "number": 25, "title": "The Future Tense", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future tense is used to express actions that take place in the future. It refers to both the immediate and the remote future. This is a simple tense, in that it has no helping verb in Spanish. In English, the auxiliaries will or shall are used: Irene will drink the water, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs in the future tense are regular. To form the future tense, use the infinitive as the stem and add the following endings to the infinitive: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án. The endings are the same for all -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Notice that only the nosotros form does not carry a written accent. The following list includes new verbs so that you can expand your vocabulary as you practice the pronunciation."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar to sing", "yo cantaré", "tú cantarás", "él cantará", "ella cantará", "Ud. cantará", "I will sing", "you will sing", "he will sing", "she will sing", "you will sing", "nosotros cantaremos", "vosotros cantaréis", "ellos cantarán", "ellas cantarán", "Uds. cantarán", "we will sing", "you will sing", "they will sing", "they will sing", "you will sing"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 465, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0466-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cobrar to charge (money)", "yo cobraré", "nosotros cobraremos", "tú cobrarás", "vosotros cobraréis", "ella cobrará", "ellas cobrarán", "dar to give", "yo daré", "tú darás", "él dará", "nosotros daremos", "vosotros daréis", "ellos darán", "estar to be", "yo estaré", "tú estarás", "ella estará", "nosotros estaremos", "vosotros estaréis", "ellas estarán", "gozar to enjoy", "yo gozaré", "tú gozarás", "ella gozará", "nosotros gozaremos", "vosotros gozaréis", "ellas gozarán", "marchar to march", "yo marcharé", "nosotros marcharemos", "tú marcharás", "vosotros marcharéis", "él marchará", "ellos marcharán", "opinar to opine, to give an opinion", "yo opinaré", "nosotros opinaremos", "tú opinarás", "vosotros opinaréis", "Ud. opinará", "Uds. opinarán", "patinar to skate", "yo patinaré", "tú patinarás", "él patinará", "nosotros patinaremos", "vosotros patinaréis", "ellos patinarán", "pegar to hit", "yo pegaré", "tú pegarás", "Ud. pegará", "nosotros pegaremos", "vosotros pegaréis", "Uds. pegarán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7790697674418605, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 466, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0467-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["regresar to return", "yo regresaré", "tú regresarás", "él regresará", "triunfar to triumph", "yo triunfaré", "tú triunfarás", "Ud. triunfará", "nosotros regresaremos", "vosotros regresaréis", "ellos regresarán", "nosotros triunfaremos", "vosotros triunfaréis", "Uds. triunfarán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8928571428571429, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 467, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a word carries a written accent, you will stress that syllable: Make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo cantaré, tú cantarás, él cantará, nosotros cantaremos, vosotros cantaréis, ellos cantarán. Practice pronouncing these verb forms aloud with confidence."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0467-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atender to attend to, to serve", "yo atenderé", "nosotros atenderemos", "tú atenderás", "vosotros atenderéis", "ella atenderá", "ellas atenderán", "caer to fall", "yo caeré", "tú caerás", "Ud. caerá", "comer to eat", "yo comeré", "tú comerás", "Ud. comerá", "leer to read", "yo leeré", "tú leerás", "Ud. leerá", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "Uds. caerán", "nosotros comeremos", "vosotros comeréis", "Uds. comerán", "nosotros leeremos", "vosotros leeréis", "Uds leerán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8529411764705882, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 467, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0468-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["merecer to deserve", "yo mereceré", "tú merecerás", "él merecerá", "nosotros mereceremos", "vosotros mereceréis", "ellos merecerán", "responder to respond", "yo responderé", "tú responderás", "ella responderá", "ser to be", "yo seré", "tú serás", "ella será", "nosotros responderemos", "vosotros responderéis", "ellas responderán", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "ellas serán", "vencer to conquer, to vanquish", "yo venceré", "nosotros venceremos", "tú vencerás", "vosotros venceréis", "Ud. vencerá", "Uds. vencerán", "ver to see", "yo veré", "tú verás", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "ellos verán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 468, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0468-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["asistir to attend", "yo asistiré", "nosotros asistiremos", "tú asistirás", "vosotros asistiréis", "Ud. asistirá", "Uds. asistirán", "cumplir to carry out, to comply, to fulfill, to complete", "yo cumpliré", "nosotros cumpliremos", "tú cumplirás", "vosotros cumpliréis", "ella cumplirá", "ellas cumplirán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8035714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 468, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0469-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir to share", "yo compartiré", "tú compartirás", "él compartirá", "nosotros compartiremos", "vosotros compartiréis", "ellos compartirán", "corregir to correct", "yo corregiré", "tú corregirás", "Ud. corregirá", "nosotros corregiremos", "vosotros corregiréis", "Uds. corregirán", "dirigir to direct", "yo dirigiré", "nosotros dirigiremos", "tú dirigirás", "vosotros dirigiréis", "ella dirigirá", "ellas dirigirán", "inscribirse to enroll, to register", "yo me inscribiré", "nosotros nos inscribiremos", "tú te inscribirás", "vosotros os inscribiréis", "él se inscribirá", "ellos se inscribirán", "ir to go", "yo iré", "tú irás", "ella irá", "nosotros seremos", "vosotros seréis", "ellas serán", "vivir to live", "yo viviré", "tú vivirás", "él vivira", "nosotros viviremos", "vosotros viviréis", "ellos vivirán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9722222222222222, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 469, "repairs": 3}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About -ir Verbs with a Written Accent in the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that have a written accent in the infinitive, such as oír (to hear), reír (to laugh), and sonreír (to smile), lose the written accent in the stem in order to form the future: oiré, reiré, sonreiré."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only 12 basic irregular verbs in the future tense. These verbs show a change in the stem, but the endings are the same as those you have just learned. Add -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án to the irregular stem. Practice saying these verb forms aloud, and learn them so that you will be able to use the future tense freely."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber to fit (one thing inside another)", "yo cabré", "nosotros cabremos", "tú cabrás", "vosotros cabréis", "ella cabrá", "ellas cabrán", "decir to say", "yo diré", "nosotros diremos", "tú dirás", "vosotros diréis", "Ud. dirá", "Uds. dirán", "hacer to do, to make", "yo haré", "nosotros haremos", "tú harás", "vosotros haréis", "él hará", "ellos harán", "poder to be able, can", "yo podré", "nosotros podremos", "tú podrás", "vosotros podréis", "ud. podrá", "Uds. podrán", "poner to put", "yo pondré", "tú pondrás", "él pondrá", "nosotros pondremos", "vosotros pondréis", "ellos pondrán", "querer to want", "yo querré", "tú querrás", "ella querrá", "nosotros querremos", "vosotros querréis", "ellas querrán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.6976190294538226, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 470, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["saber to know", "yo sabré", "tú sabrás", "Ud. sabrá", "nosotros sabremos", "vosotros sabréis", "Uds. sabrán", "salir to leave, to go out", "yo saldré", "nosotros saldremos", "tú saldrás", "vosotros saldréis", "él saldrá", "ellos saldrán", "tener to have", "yo tendré", "tú tendrás", "ella tendrá", "nosotros tendremos", "vosotros tendréis", "ellas tendrán", "valer to be worth", "yo valdré", "tú valdrás", "nosotros valdremos", "vosotros valdréis", "Uds. valdron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Valer is most frequently used in the third person."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuánto valdrá?", "How much is it worth?", "How much will it be worth?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo vendré", "tú vendrás", "Ud. vendré", "nosotros vendremos", "vosotros vendréis", "Uds vendrán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Habrá means there will be and will there be? It is the future tense of the verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Habrá una fiesta al fin del año?", "Will there be a party at the end", "of the year?", "¿Habrá clases de literatura", "Will there be literature classes", "el próximo semestre?", "next semester?", "¿Habrá mucho que hacer mañana?", "Will there be a lot to do tomorrow?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0472-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "retener to retain", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "contradiré, etc.", "desharé, etc.", "compondré, etc", "propondré, etc.", "contendré, etc.", "detendré, etc.", "mantendré, etc.", "retendré, etc.", "prevendré, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 472, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future tense is used in both Spanish and English to express a future time. The simple future transmits more of a commitment or a strong decision than does the future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive). The difference also exists in English: I will arrive at 7 P.M. is a little stronger in terms of commitment than I am going to arrive at 7 P.M."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0472-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A qué hora estarás en casa?", "Paula llegará más rápido por avión.", "Yo haré la tarea para la semana", "que viene.", "Carlos vendrá a verme cuando", "quiera.", "El cantante cantará si le gusta", "la música.", "¿Quién será el próximo presidente", "de los Estados Unidos?", "At what time will you be home:", "Paula will arrive faster by plane", "I will do the homework for the", "coming week.", "Carlos will come to see me when", "he wants.", "The singer will sing if he likes", "the music.", "Who will be the next president", "of the United States?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 472, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.1", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are regular.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Si Isabel va a Italia, yo ___________________ también. (ir)", "2. Sara dice que ___________________ el martes. (llegar)", "3. Yo te ___________________ mañana, si quieres. (ver)", "4. El profesor sabe que nosotros ___________________ durante las vacaciones. (estudiar)", "5. El amigo no ___________________ la pronunciación de Manuel. (corregir)", "6. Los artistas piensan que la gente ___________________ sus pinturas. (comprar)", "7. El hombre nos promete que ___________________ de fumar. (dejar)", "8. Nadie me ___________________ a México; yo ___________________ solo. (acompañar/viajar)", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ tú más tarde? (estar)", "10. Los periodistas izquierdistas dicen que ___________________. (triunfar)", "11. Después de la escuela secundaria, los estudiantes ___________________ a la universidad. (asistir)", "12. ¿Cuánto me ___________________ Ud. por este chaleco? (cobrar)", "13. Nosotros ___________________. (vencer)", "14. Si yo te hago una pregunta, ¿me ___________________? (responder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "iré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "llegará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "veré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudiaremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "corregirá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "comprará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dejará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "acompañará, viajaré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estarás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "triunfarán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "asistirán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "cobrará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venceremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "responderás", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.1 1. iré 2. llegará 3. veré 4. estudiaremos 5. corregirá 6. comprará 7. dejará 8. acompañará, viajaré 9. estarás 10. triunfarán 11. asistirán 12. cobrará 13. venceremos 14. responderás", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "iré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "llegará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "veré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudiaremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "corregirá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "comprará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dejará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "acompañará, viajaré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estarás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "triunfarán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "asistirán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "cobrará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venceremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "responderás", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. iré 2. llegará 3. veré 4. estudiaremos 5. corregirá 6. comprará 7. dejará 8. acompañará, viajaré 9. estarás 10. triunfarán 11. asistirán 12. cobrará 13. venceremos 14. responderás"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.2", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are irregular.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo lo ___________________. (hacer)", "2. El novio piensa que ella ___________________ a verlo. (venir)", "3. Él no ___________________. (salir)", "4. Nosotros no le ___________________ nada a nadie. (decir)", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú ir de vacaciones en julio? (poder)", "6. Si los padres no los vigilan, sus hijos ___________________ la ropa en el piso. (poner)", "7. ¿Cuánto ___________________ esta chaqueta? (valer)", "8. ¿Quién ___________________ las llaves? (tener)", "9. El espía no sabe nada hoy, pero ___________________ mucho mañana. (saber)", "10. ¿ ___________________ mucha gente en el gimnasio el primero de enero? (haber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "haré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vendrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "saldrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "podrás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pondrán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "valdrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tendrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "sabrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Habrá", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.2 1. haré 2. vendrá 3. saldrá 4. diremos 5. podrás 6. pondrán 7. valdrá 8. tendrá 9. sabrá 10. Habrá", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "haré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vendrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "saldrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "podrás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pondrán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "valdrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tendrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "sabrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Habrá", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. haré 2. vendrá 3. saldrá 4. diremos 5. podrás 6. pondrán 7. valdrá 8. tendrá 9. sabrá 10. Habrá"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.3", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using verbs from the list below. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["aprender, comprar, decir, fijarse, gustar, perderse, poder, practicar, quejarse, reírse, repetir, ser, tener cuidado", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. If she is not careful, she will get lost.", "2. If Jorge tells it to me, I will not repeat it to anyone.", "3. If we practice, we will be able to learn a new language.", "4. They will buy the house if they like the garden and the balcony.", "5. If the play is funny, the audience will laugh.", "6. He will never notice anything. He will never complain."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.3 1. Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá. 2. Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie. 3. Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo. 4. Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón. 5. Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá. 6. Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá. 2. Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie. 3. Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo. 4. Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón. 5. Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá. 6. Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.4", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans4", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the future tense. This exercise includes both regular and irregular verbs.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Como mucho el día de acción de gracias. Comeré mucho el día de acción de gracias.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Él viene a verme. ___________________", "2. Tengo una cita con el dentista en febrero.", "3. ¿Cuánto vale el carro? ___________________", "4. ¿Qué me dices? ___________________", "5. Salimos para México en julio. ___________________", "6. Trabajo en un teatro. ___________________", "7. Hay once estudiantes aquí. ___________________", "8. Empezamos a estudiar. ___________________", "9. El muchacho tiene éxito. ___________________", "10. Los deportistas tienen sed. ___________________", "11. ¿Cuánto me cobra Ud.? ___________________", "12. Yo patino porque me gusta. ___________________", "13. Ella no se mete en la vida de los otros.", "14. El pueblo vence. ___________________", "15. Triunfamos. ___________________", "16. La muchacha cumple diez años el miércoles.", "17. Olivia vive en Perú. ___________________", "18. La maestra corrige la tarea. ___________________", "19. Yo asisto a la universidad. ___________________", "20. Elena sueña que te vio. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Él vendrá a verme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá el carro?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué me dirás?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Saldremos para México en julio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Trabajaré en un teatro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Habrá once estudiantes aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Empezaremos a estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "El muchacho tendrá éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas tendrán sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Yo patinaré porque me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "El pueblo vencerá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Triunfaremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Olivia vivirá en Perú", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "La maestra corregirá la tarea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Yo asistiré a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.4 1. Él vendrá a verme. 2. Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero. 3. ¿Cuánto valdrá el carro? 4. ¿Qué me dirás? 5. Saldremos para México en julio. 6. Trabajaré en un teatro. 7. Habrá once estudiantes aquí. 8. Empezaremos a estudiar. 9. El muchacho tendrá éxito. 10. Los deportistas tendrán sed. 11. ¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.? 12. Yo patinaré porque me gusta. 13. Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros. 14. El pueblo vencerá. 15. Triunfaremos. 16. La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles. 17. Olivia vivirá en Perú. 18. La maestra corregirá la tarea. 19. Yo asistiré a la universidad. 20. Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Él vendrá a verme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá el carro?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué me dirás?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Saldremos para México en julio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Trabajaré en un teatro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Habrá once estudiantes aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Empezaremos a estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "El muchacho tendrá éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas tendrán sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Yo patinaré porque me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "El pueblo vencerá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Triunfaremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Olivia vivirá en Perú", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "La maestra corregirá la tarea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Yo asistiré a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Él vendrá a verme. 2. Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero. 3. ¿Cuánto valdrá el carro? 4. ¿Qué me dirás? 5. Saldremos para México en julio. 6. Trabajaré en un teatro. 7. Habrá once estudiantes aquí. 8. Empezaremos a estudiar. 9. El muchacho tendrá éxito. 10. Los deportistas tendrán sed. 11. ¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.? 12. Yo patinaré porque me gusta. 13. Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros. 14. El pueblo vencerá. 15. Triunfaremos. 16. La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles. 17. Olivia vivirá en Perú. 18. La maestra corregirá la tarea. 19. Yo asistiré a la universidad. 20. Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.5", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Sabré más mañana de lo que sé hoy.", "2. Tres sillas y ocho estudiantes no cabrán en el salón.", "3. Los médicos no dormirán hasta las cuatro de la mañana.", "4. Pronto volveré.", "5. De vez en cuando, te visitaré en Brasil.", "6. Si Uds. quieren ir de compras, yo los llevaré.", "7. Si él se pone nervioso, hablará en voz baja.", "8. Si corres mucho, podrás perder peso.", "9. Si Ud. pierde sus llaves, ¿qué hará?", "10. Ellos me dicen que Uds. se casarán el año que viene."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I will know more tomorrow than what I know today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I will return soon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "If you want to go shopping, I will take you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "If you lose your keys, what will you do?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "They tell me that you will get married next year", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.5 1. I will know more tomorrow than what I know today. 2. Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom. 3. The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning. 4. I will return soon. 5. From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil. 6. If you want to go shopping, I will take you. 7. If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly. 8. If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight. 9. If you lose your keys, what will you do? 10. They tell me that you will get married next year.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I will know more tomorrow than what I know today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I will return soon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "If you want to go shopping, I will take you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "If you lose your keys, what will you do?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "They tell me that you will get married next year", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I will know more tomorrow than what I know today. 2. Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom. 3. The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning. 4. I will return soon. 5. From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil. 6. If you want to go shopping, I will take you. 7. If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly. 8. If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight. 9. If you lose your keys, what will you do? 10. They tell me that you will get married next year."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The equivalent in English can be I wonder or it is probably to indicate doubt or probability. You will know from context whether the sentence or question expresses the simple future or probability in the present."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0476-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué hora sera?", "Serán las diez.", "I wonder what time it is", "It's probably ten o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 476, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Dónde estará Enrique?", "Estará en casa.", "¿Quién será?", "¿Cuántos años tendrán ellas?", "No vendrá hoy.", "I wonder where Henry is.", "He's probably at home.", "I wonder who that is. /", "Who can that be?", "I wonder how old they are. /", "How old might they be?", "He probably won't come today"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressing the Future Using the Present Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present indicative is often used when there is another element in the sentence that indicates future time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta mañana.", "Bailamos el viernes.", "She'll sing tomorrow.", "We'll dance on Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present tense, not the future, is used when asking for instructions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Doblo aquí?", "¿ Camino a la derecha?", "Shall I turn here?", "Shall I walk to the right:"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present tense, not the future, is used when you’re asking for things. These are not actions that take place in the future; in these cases, will is a helping verb expressing a voluntary mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Me da el bolígrafo, por favor?", "Will you give me the pen, please?", "(literally, Do you give me the", "pen, please?)", "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", "Will you lend me your car?", "(literally, Do you lend me your", "car?)", "¿ Me llamas cuando llegues?", "Will you call me when you arrive!", "(literally, Do you call me when", "you arrive?)", "¿Le traes flores?", "Will you bring him flowers?", "(literally, Do you bring him", "¿Nos dan Uds. regalos?", "flowers?)", "Will you give us presents?", "(literally, Do you give us", "presents?)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.6", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans6", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences to indicate probability.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El libro no cabe en mi bolsa. El libro no cabrá en mi bolsa.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Tiene hambre el niño? ___________________", "2. ¿Qué hace la mujer? ___________________", "3. ¿Quién pone la mesa? ___________________", "4. Ella sabe las direcciones. ___________________", "5. ¿Cuánto vale este apartamento lujoso?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Tendrá hambre el niño?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hará la mujer?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién pondrá la mesa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ella sabrá las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.6 1. ¿Tendrá hambre el niño? 2. ¿Qué hará la mujer? 3. ¿Quién pondrá la mesa? 4. Ella sabrá las direcciones. 5. ¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Tendrá hambre el niño?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hará la mujer?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién pondrá la mesa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ella sabrá las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Tendrá hambre el niño? 2. ¿Qué hará la mujer? 3. ¿Quién pondrá la mesa? 4. Ella sabrá las direcciones. 5. ¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review object pronouns as you continue adding to your knowledge of tenses. The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible positions when used with the future tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the phrase or sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0478-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Paula le dará direcciones.", "Esta noche leeré un libro y", "después me acostaré.", "¿ Quién me podrá contestar?", "¿ Quién podrá contestarme?", "¿Lo podrás llamar más tarde?", "¿ Podrás llamarlo más tarde?", "Paula will give you directions.", "Tonight, I will read a book", "and then I'll go to bed.", "Who will be able to answer me?", "Will you be able to call him later!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 478, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will be in progress in the future. When you don’t need to express action that will be in progress in the future, use the simple future tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate estar in the future and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0479-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaré comiendo", "tú estarás jugando", "Ud. estará festejando", "nosotros estaremos bebiendo", "vosotros estaréis bailando", "Uds. estarán celebrando", "I will be eating", "you will be playing", "you will be celebrating", "we will be drinking", "you will be dancing", "you will be celebrating"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 479, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will take place in the future: I will be arriving by 10 o’clock, for example. If you don’t need to emphasize the action, use the simple future: I will arrive by 10 o’clock."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0479-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estaré llegando a medianoche.", "¿Cuándo estarás saliendo para", "el Canadá?", "Mi amigo estará escuchando", "música toda la mañana.", "Estaremos leyendo su libro", "esta noche.", "Los muchachos estarán jugando", "al tenis hasta las cinco cuando", "oscurezca.", "I will be arriving at midnight.", "When will you be leaving for", "Canada?", "My friend will be listening", "to music all morning.", "We will be reading your book", "tonight.", "The children will be playing", "tennis until five o'clock when", "it gets dark."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 479, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, as in English, the future perfect tense refers to an action that will be completed in the future before another action occurs or before some point of time in the future."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future perfect is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate haber in the future and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0480-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habré comido", "tú habrás cocinado", "Ud. habrá visto", "nosotros habremos limpiado", "vosotros habréis vuelto", "Uds. habrán ido", "I will have eaten", "you will have cooked", "you will have seen", "we will have cleaned", "you will have returned", "you will have gone"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 480, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future perfect tense expresses action that will have taken place by a specific time in the future."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0480-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muchacha habrá leído", "el artículo para el viernes.", "Yo habré visto esta película antes", "de que el grupo se reúna.", "Las mujeres habrán terminado", "su conversación antes de", "preparar la cena.", "Julia habrá bailado con este", "hombre tres veces antes de", "salir de la fiesta.", "En agosto, la camarera habrá", "trabajado en el restaurante", "un año.", "The girl will have read the article", "by Friday.", "I will have seen this film before", "the group meets.", "The women will have finished", "their conversation before", "preparing supper.", "Julia will have danced with this", "man three times before leaving", "the party.", "In August, the waitress will have", "worked in the restaurant", "for a year."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 13, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 480, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.7", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Adónde habrás ido después de salir de tu casa?", "2. Habremos comprado nuestros tiquetes para el sábado.", "3. Habré visto a los estudiantes antes de que viajen a México.", "4. En un mes, habré vivido aquí por diez años.", "5. ¿Habrás terminado tu trabajo para la semana que viene?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Where will you have gone after leaving your house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We will have bought our tickets for Saturday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.7 1. Where will you have gone after leaving your house? 2. We will have bought our tickets for Saturday. 3. I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico. 4. In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years. 5. Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Where will you have gone after leaving your house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We will have bought our tickets for Saturday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Where will you have gone after leaving your house? 2. We will have bought our tickets for Saturday. 3. I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico. 4. In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years. 5. Will you have finished your work for the coming week?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El porvenir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Volveré,” dice el amante,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“comeré,” dice el glotón,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“bailaré,” dice el cojo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“trabajaré,” dice él sin profesión."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Votaré,” dice el ciudadano,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“me reiré,” dice el juglar,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“dormiré,” dice el insomne,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“te cuidaré,” dice su mamá."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Prometeré,” dice el político,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“curaré” dice el doctor,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“recordaré” dice el amnésico,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“enseñaré” dice el profesor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se encontrarán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se hablarán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Todos dirán la verdad y mentiras"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se morirán."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0482-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuidar", "encontrarse", "votar", "to take care of, to care for", "to meet", "to note"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 482, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0482-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amante", "el amnésico", "el cojo", "el glotón", "el insomne", "el juglar", "el porvenir", "the lover", "the amnesiac", "the cripple, the lame person", "the glutton", "the insomniac", "the juggler", "the future"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 482, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuáles personas dicen la verdad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuáles mienten?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Con quiénes se identifica Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch26", "number": 26, "title": "The Conditional Tense", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional tense is used to describe actions that are uncertain in the future. Unlike the future tense, which expresses future certainty, the conditional expresses an action that would happen if another condition were met. This is a simple tense, in that it uses no helping verb in Spanish. It corresponds to the conditional tense in English, which uses would as an auxiliary verb: I would go, but I don’t have time, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs are regular in the conditional tense. To form the conditional, use the infinitive as the stem and add the following endings to the infinitive: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. These endings are used for all verbs, both regular and irregular, in the conditional tense. Practice pronouncing the following conditional verb forms aloud and be sure to stress the accented syllable."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice pronouncing the d with a soft th sound."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0483-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudaría", "tú ayudarías", "Ud. ayudaría", "nosotros ayudaríamos", "vosotros ayudaríais", "Uds. ayudarían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9624999761581421, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 483, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0484-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["disfrutar to enjoy", "yo disfrutaría", "tú disfrutarías", "él disfrutaría", "nosotros disfrutaríamos", "vosotros disfrutaríais", "ellos disfrutarían", "estar to be", "yo estaría", "tú estarías", "ella estaría", "nosotros estaríamos", "vosotros estaríais", "ellas estarían", "felicitar to congratulate", "yo felicitaría", "nosotros felicitaríamos", "tú felicitarías", "vosotros felicitaríais", "Ud. felicitaría", "Uds. felicitarían", "festejar to feast, to celebrate", "yo festejaría", "nosotros testejariamos", "tú festejarías", "vosotros testejariais", "él festejaría", "ellos festejarían", "fracasar to fail", "yo fracasaría", "tú fracasarías", "Ud. fracasaría", "llenar to fill", "yo llenaría", "tú llenarías", "ella llenaría", "nosotros fracasaríamos", "vosotros fracasaríais", "Uds. fracasarían", "nosotros llenaríamos", "vosotros llenaríais", "ellas llenarían", "recordar to remember", "yo recordaría", "tú recordarías", "el recordaria", "nosotros recordaríamos", "vosotros recordaríais", "ellos recordarian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 484, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The r at the beginning of a breath group is pronounced as an rr trill. Practice pronouncing these forms of recordar with the trilled r."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0485-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber to drink", "yo bebería", "tú beberías", "Ud. bebería", "nosotros beberíamos", "vosotros beberíais", "Uds. beberían", "conocer to know, to be acquainted with", "yo conocería", "nosotros conoceríamos", "tú conocerías", "vosotros conoceríais", "él conocería", "ellos conocerían", "proteger to protect", "yo protegería", "tú protegerías", "ella protegería", "ser to be", "yo sería", "tú serías", "él sería", "traer to bring", "yo traería", "tú traerías", "ella traería", "nosotros protegeríamos", "vosotros protegeríais", "ellas protegerían", "nosotros seríamos", "vosotros seríais", "ellos serían", "nosotros traeríamos", "vosotros traeríais", "ellas traerían", "volver to return", "yo volvería", "tú volverías", "Ud. volvería", "nosotros volveríamos", "vosotros volveríais", "Uds. volverian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9523809523809523, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 485, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0485-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["admitir to admit", "yo admitiría", "tú admitirías", "nosotros admitiríamos", "vosotros admitiríais", "ellas admitirían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 485, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0486-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dormir to sleep", "yo dormiría", "tú dormirías", "él dormiría", "exigir to demand", "yo exigiría", "tú exigirías", "él exigiría", "fingir to pretend", "yo fingiría", "tú fingirías", "Ud. fingiría", "nosotros dormiríamos", "vosotros dormiríais", "ellos dormirían", "nosotros exigiríamos", "vosotros exigiríais", "ellos exigirían", "nosotros fingiríamos", "vosotros fingiríais", "Uds. fingirían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 486, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The g before an i is pronounced like the English h as in hot."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0486-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir to go", "yo iría", "tú irías", "ella iría", "medir to measure", "yo mediría", "tú medirías", "Ud mediría", "nosotros iríamos", "vosotros iríais", "ellas irían", "nosotros mediríamos", "vosotros mediríais", "Uds. medirían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8928571428571429, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 486, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are 12 basic irregular verbs in the conditional tense. The conditional and future tenses have the same stems in their irregular verbs. Add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the irregular stem. Practice pronouncing these verb forms aloud, and learn them so that you will be able to use the conditional tense freely."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0487-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber to fit (one thing inside another)", "yo cabría", "nosotros cabríamos", "tú cabrías", "vosotros cabríais", "ella cabría", "ellas cabrían", "decir to say, to tell", "yo diría", "tú dirías", "Ud. diría", "nosotros diríamos", "vosotros diríais", "Uds. dirían", "hacer to do, to make", "yo haría", "nosotros haríamos", "tú harías", "vosotros haríais", "él haría", "ellos harían", "poder to be able, can", "yo podría", "nosotros podríamos", "tú podrías", "vosotros podríais", "Ud. podría", "Uds. podrían", "poner to put", "yo pondría", "tú pondrías", "él pondría", "nosotros pondríamos", "vosotros pondríais", "ellos pondrían", "querer to want", "yo querría", "tú querrías", "ella querría", "nosotros querríamos", "vosotros querríais", "ellas querrían", "saber to know", "yo sabría", "tú sabrías", "Ud. sabría", "nosotros sabríamos", "vosotros sabríais", "Uds. sabrían", "salir to leave, to go out", "yo saldría", "nosotros saldríamos", "tú saldrías", "vosotros saldríais", "8l saldria", "ellos saldrian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 487, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener to have", "yo tendría", "tú tendrías", "ella tendría", "valer to be worth", "yo valdría", "tú valdrías", "Ud. valdria", "nosotros tendríamos", "vosotros tendríais", "ellas tendrían", "nosotros valdríamos", "vosotros valdríais", "Uds. valdrian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As noted, valer is most often used in the third person:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuánto valdría?", "Valdría la pena.", "How much is it worth?", "How much would it be worth?", "It would be worth the trouble."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo vendría", "tú vendrías", "Ud. vendría", "nosotros vendríamos", "vosotros vendríais", "Uds vendrían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Habría means there would be and would there be? It is the conditional tense of the verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Sin estudiantes, no habría", "universidades.", "¿ Habría luz sin sol?", "¿Habría comida sin plantas?", "Without students, there would be", "no universities.", "Would there be light without the sun?", "Would there be food without plants?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "contradiría, etc", "desharía. etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "retener to retain", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "compondría, etc", "propondría, etc.", "contendría, etc.", "detendría, etc.", "mantendría, etc.", "retendría, etc.", "prevendría, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional tense expresses action that is uncertain in the future. This tense corresponds to the English conditional tense: I would go, for example."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nadie comería en este", "restaurante.", "Me gustaría ir al cine con mi", "amigo.", "¿Te gustaría ir conmigo?", "Nos encantaría viajar a Perú.", "Elena dijo que cerraría la maleta.", "Yo sabía que el mago no me diría", "nada.", "¿ Gastarías todo en un día?", "No one would eat in this", "restaurant.", "I would like to go to the movies", "with my friend.", "Would you like to go with me?", "We would love to travel to Peru.", "Elena said that she would close", "the suitcase.", "I knew that the magician wouldn't", "tell me anything", "Would you spend everything", "in one day?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About English would"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, the translation of the Spanish imperfect tense sometimes uses the word would as a helping verb when expressing repeated action in the past. Following are examples of the imperfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando Madeleine era niña,", "ella practicaba el piano", "cada día.", "El hombre viejo ponía sus", "dientes en agua cada noche", "antes de dormirse.", "When Madeleine was a child,", "she would practice the piano", "every day.", "The old man would put his teeth", "in water every night before", "falling asleep."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.1", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct conditional form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________. (producir)", "2. Nosotros lo ___________________. (hacer)", "3. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds.? (decir)", "4. Él ___________________ pero no quiere. (venir)", "5. ¿Cuánto me ___________________ Ud. por mi libro? (dar)", "6. Ellos ___________________ temprano. (acostarse)", "7. Los niños y sus padres ___________________ pronto. (regresar)", "8. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. tacones? (llevar)", "9. ¿A Uds. les ___________________ salir esta noche? (gustar)", "10. ¿___________________ luz sin electricidad? (haber)", "11. Yo ___________________ esa película. (ver)", "12. Nosotros no ___________________ esta noche. (salir)", "13. Laura dijo que ___________________ mañana. (llegar)", "14. Yo sabía que ella ___________________. (entender)", "15. ¿Quién ___________________ hacer tal cosa? (poder)", "16. ¿Por qué ___________________ Samuel al teatro si siempre se duerme? (ir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "produciría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "dirían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vendría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "daría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se acostarían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "regresarían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "llevaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "gustaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Habría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "vería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "saldríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "llegaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "entendería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "iría", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.1 1. produciría 2. haríamos 3. dirían 4. vendría 5. daría 6. se acostarían 7. regresarían 8. llevaría 9. gustaría 10. Habría 11. vería 12. saldríamos 13. llegaría 14. entendería 15. podría 16. iría", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "produciría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "dirían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vendría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "daría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se acostarían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "regresarían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "llevaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "gustaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Habría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "vería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "saldríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "llegaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "entendería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "iría", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. produciría 2. haríamos 3. dirían 4. vendría 5. daría 6. se acostarían 7. regresarían 8. llevaría 9. gustaría 10. Habría 11. vería 12. saldríamos 13. llegaría 14. entendería 15. podría 16. iría"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible positions when used with the conditional tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the phrase or sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0490-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", "está en el taller de mecánico.", "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", "I would lend my car to you, but", "it is in the shop.", "Would it interest you to buy it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 490, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0491-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Cuánto me cobraría por la flor?", "Enrique le daría las flores a su", "novia, pero no tiene bastante", "dinero para comprárselas.", "How much would you charge me", "for the flower?", "Henry would give flowers to his", "girlfriend, but he doesn't have", "enough money to buy them", "for her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 491, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.2", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the conditional tense. Be sure to include all necessary written accents. Pronounce your answers aloud.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Nadie duerme aquí. Nadie dormiría aquí.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo la ayudo. ___________________", "2. Ella va de compras. ___________________", "3. ¿Miras tú televisión? ___________________", "4. Ellos venden la comida. ___________________", "5. Los mozos les dan la comida a los clientes.", "6. Tenemos mucho que hacer. ___________________", "7. El conductor maneja rápidamente. ___________________", "8. ¿Cantas? ___________________", "9. ¿Vienen Uds. a mi casa? ___________________", "10. Yo lo hago. ___________________", "11. No le digo nada. ___________________", "12. Te cobro cien dólares. ___________________", "13. Los niños no leen mucho. ___________________", "14. Sé nadar. ___________________", "15. Hay mucha gente en los trenes. ___________________", "16. No caben más. ___________________", "17. Le traigo las flores a su hermana. ___________________", "18. Nos ponemos los zapatos. ___________________", "19. ¿Puede Ud. acompañarme al bus? ___________________", "20. ¿A Uds. les gusta ir al cine? ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo la ayudaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ella iría de compras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Mirarías tú televisión?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos venderían la comida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Tendríamos mucho que hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "El conductor manejaría rápidamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Cantarías?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo lo haría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "No le diría nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Te cobraría cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Los niños no leerían mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Sabría nadar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Habría mucha gente en los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "No cabrían más", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Le traería las flores a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Nos pondríamos los zapatos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.2 1. Yo la ayudaría. 2. Ella iría de compras. 3. ¿Mirarías tú televisión? 4. Ellos venderían la comida. 5. Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes. 6. Tendríamos mucho que hacer. 7. El conductor manejaría rápidamente. 8. ¿Cantarías? 9. ¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa? 10. Yo lo haría. 11. No le diría nada. 12. Te cobraría cien dólares. 13. Los niños no leerían mucho. 14. Sabría nadar. 15. Habría mucha gente en los trenes. 16. No cabrían más. 17. Le traería las flores a su hermana. 18. Nos pondríamos los zapatos. 19. Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus? 20. ¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo la ayudaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ella iría de compras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Mirarías tú televisión?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos venderían la comida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Tendríamos mucho que hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "El conductor manejaría rápidamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Cantarías?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo lo haría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "No le diría nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Te cobraría cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Los niños no leerían mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Sabría nadar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Habría mucha gente en los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "No cabrían más", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Le traería las flores a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Nos pondríamos los zapatos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo la ayudaría. 2. Ella iría de compras. 3. ¿Mirarías tú televisión? 4. Ellos venderían la comida. 5. Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes. 6. Tendríamos mucho que hacer. 7. El conductor manejaría rápidamente. 8. ¿Cantarías? 9. ¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa? 10. Yo lo haría. 11. No le diría nada. 12. Te cobraría cien dólares. 13. Los niños no leerían mucho. 14. Sabría nadar. 15. Habría mucha gente en los trenes. 16. No cabrían más. 17. Le traería las flores a su hermana. 18. Nos pondríamos los zapatos. 19. Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus? 20. ¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.3", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct conditional form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella ___________________ tocar el piano, pero nunca practica. (poder)", "2. La enfermera le prometió al paciente que él ___________________. (mejorarse)", "3. Yo no ___________________ de la situación. (quejarse)", "4. Nosotros no le ___________________ nada. (decir)", "5. Enrique y su esposa sabían que sus hijos ___________________ en sus vacaciones. (divertirse)", "6. Emanuel y su hermano nos aseguraron que todo ___________________ bien. (estar)", "7. Los gemelos ___________________ una fiesta pero no es su cumpleaños. (tener)", "8. La terapeuta física me dijo que no me ___________________ más los pies. (doler)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se mejoraría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me quejaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se divertirían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tendrían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dolerían", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.3 1. podría 2. se mejoraría 3. me quejaría 4. diríamos 5. se divertirían 6. estaría 7. tendrían 8. dolerían", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se mejoraría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me quejaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se divertirían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tendrían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dolerían", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. podría 2. se mejoraría 3. me quejaría 4. diríamos 5. se divertirían 6. estaría 7. tendrían 8. dolerían"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.4", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "The conditional tense may be used to express speculation or conjecture in the past. The translation I wonder or It was probably indicates doubt or conjecture. You will know from context whether the sentence or question expresses the simple conditional or probability in the past."], "prompts": ["1. José would like to learn to swim, but he is afraid of the water.", "2. I would not say anything to him, because I do not know him well.", "3. Our Mexican friends would come to California to visit their family, but they prefer to travel to Europe this year.", "4. Juan told me that he would give the book to you if you want to study it.", "5. We would go to Julia’s party, but we don’t know where she lives."], "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué hora sería?", "¿ Dónde estaría el doctor?", "Estaría en el hospital.", "¿Cuántos años tendrían estas", "mujeres?", "¿Quién sería?", "I wonder what time it was.", "I wonder where the doctor was. /", "Where could the doctor have", "been?", "He was probably at the hospital.", "I wonder how old these women", "were.", "Who could that have been? /", "3. ¿Qué .", "4. ÉI.", "5. ¿Cuánto me _", "6. Ellos _", "7. Los niños y sus padres .", "8. ¿Por qué.", "9. ¿A Uds. les", "-ف .10", "11. Yo.", "12. Nosotros no", "13. Laura dijo que", "14. Yo sabía que ella", "15. ¿Quién", "16. ¿Por qué", "duerme? (ir)", "Uds.? (decir)", "- pero no quiere. (venir)", "Ud. por mi libro? (dar)", "_temprano. (acostarse)", "pronto. (regresar)", "Ud. tacones? (Ilevar)", "_ salir esta noche? (gustar)", "_ luz sin electricidad? (haber)", "_esa película. (ver)", "esta noche. (salir)", "mañana. (llegar)", "_ (entender)", "hacer tal cosa? (poder)", "Samuel al teatro si siempre se", "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and", "Direct Object Pronouns", "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible", "positions when used with the conditional tense.", "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the", "phrase or sentence.", "Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", "está en el taller de mecánico.", "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", "I would lend my car to you, but", "it is in the shop.", "Would it interest you to buy it?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.4 1. A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua. 2. Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien. 3. Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año. 4. Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar. 5. Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua. 2. Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien. 3. Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año. 4. Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar. 5. Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive tense expresses doubt about action in the future."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate estar in the conditional and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0493-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaría limpiando", "tú estarías pintando", "Ud. estaría bailando", "nosotros estaríamos durmiendo", "vosotros estaríais dibujando", "Uds. estarían escribiendo", "I would be cleaning", "you would be painting", "you would be dancing", "we would be sleeping", "you would be drawing", "you would be writing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 493, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive tense expresses doubt in the future and emphasizes the action. When you don’t need to emphasize the action, use the simple conditional. You’ll find that the simple conditional is used more frequently in everyday speech."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Quién estaría haciendo ruido?", "Yo estaría tocando el piano,", "pero me lesioné las manos.", "Las parejas estarían bailando,", "pero se cansaron.", "Who would be making noise?", "I would be playing the piano,", "but I hurt my hands.", "The couples would be dancing", "but they got tired."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense is used to express an action that would have taken place, but did not: I would have paid you, but I left my money at home, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate the helping verb haber in the conditional tense and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habría ido", "tú habrías salido", "él habría sonreído", "nosotros habríamos escrito", "vosotros habríais entrado", "ellos habrían llamado", "I would have gone", "you would have gone out", "he would have smiled", "we would have written", "you would have entered", "they would have called"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense, which is used to refer to an action that would have occurred but did not, is often followed by English but."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nos habríamos quedado, pero", "no nos gustó la situación.", "We would have stayed, but", "we didn't like the situation"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella habría ido a España este", "mes, pero no tenía tiempo.", "Tú lo habrías podido hacer,", "pero se te pasó el deseo.", "She would have gone to Spain", "this month, but she didn't", "have time.", "You would have been able to do it.", "but you lost the desire."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb form. The object pronouns are never attached to the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te habría llamado, pero me", "dormí temprano.", "El doctor lo habría ayudado,", "pero tenía miedo de un pleito.", "Los actores le habrían dado", "flores a su directora, pero", "costaban demasiado.", "I would have called you, but I fell", "asleep early.", "The doctor would have helped", "him, but he was afraid of", "a lawsuit.", "The actors would have given", "flowers to their director, but", "they cost too much."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense may also express speculation or conjecture in the past."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La gente honesta habría devuelto", "la cartera y el dinero.", "Habrían sido las once cuando", "los muchachos llegaron.", "Habría sido noviembre cuando", "nos reunimos.", "The honest people had probably", "returned the wallet and the", "money.", "It must have been eleven o'clock", "when the children arrived.", "It must have been November when", "we met"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.5", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. He would have arrived on time, but he lost the directions.", "2. We would not have told our secret to anyone.", "3. Juan and his companion would have gone to Mexico, but they decided to save their money for the following year.", "4. Antonio and I would have traveled to Colombia, but the flight cost too much.", "5. Enrique would have been a good president, but he wanted to have more time to spend with his family.", "6. Elvira would have returned the money that she found, but she gave it to her son."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.5 1. Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones. 2. No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie. 3. Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante. 4. Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado. 5. Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia. 6. Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones. 2. No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie. 3. Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante. 4. Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado. 5. Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia. 6. Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Qué haría Ud. en las siguientes situaciones?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Answer the following questions orally."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Diría Ud. una mentira para proteger a su amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Compraría Ud. algo antes de verlo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. Si vas a un casino, ¿cuánto dinero apostarías antes de irte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Ud. está en una clase de veinte estudiantes y todos están copiando excepto Ud. (Ellos reciben el examen de antemano y aprenden de memoria las respuestas sin saber nada. Ud. está estudiando.) ¿Le diría Ud. al maestro lo que está pasando en la clase?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. Su hijo tiene catorce años y quiere jugar al fútbol americano para su escuela. Ud. sabe que es peligroso y que muchos niños se lesionan. ¿Lo dejaría jugar o firmaría el documento prohibiéndole que juegue?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Su mejor amigo está para casarse. Ud. está en un restaurante y ve a su prometida besar a otro hombre. ¿Se lo diría a su amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. Ud. encuentra una cantidad de dinero en las montañas con la identificación de una persona que se había muerto en un accidente. ¿Le devolvería Ud. el dinero a la familia?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Viajaría Ud. solo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "9. ¿Tomaría Ud. crédito por un libro que no había escrito?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "10. Su mejor amigo es pintor. ¿Le diría Ud. la verdad si a Ud. no le gusta su pintura?"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0497-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aprender de memoria", "copiar", "firmar", "lesionarse", "to learn by heart, to memorize", "to copy", "to sign", "to get hurt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 497, "repairs": 0}]}, {"id": "ch27", "number": 27, "title": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive mood refers to the recent past and is translated as the present perfect in English: the train has arrived, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like all subjunctive moods, the present perfect subjunctive must be caused. The main clause must have a verb or expression that calls for the use of the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The present or future tense of certain verbs in the main clause will cause the present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb form. To form the present perfect subjunctive, conjugate the present subjunctive of the helping verb haber and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0498-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo haya hablado", "tú hayas llegado", "ella haya huido", "nosotros hayamos vendido", "vosotros hayáis leído", "ellas hayan votado", "I have spoken", "you have arrived", "she has fled", "we have sold", "you have read", "they have voted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9090909090909091, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 498, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive can be used to express a past action if the main clause is in the present or future tense. The main clause must contain a verb or expression that causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause. The most common use is the present indicative in the main clause and the present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0499-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo sé", "I know (present indicative)", "Yo dudo", "que el tren ha llegado.", "that the train has arrived. (present perfect)", "que el tren haya llegado.", "I doubt (present indicative) that the train has arrived. (present perfect", "subjunctive", "El maestro sabe", "The teacher knows", "El maestro espera", "The teacher hopes", "que los estudiantes han estudiado.", "that the students have studied.", "que los estudiantes hayan estudiado.", "that the students have studied."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 499, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The English translation of the dependent clause is the same, whether the Spanish verb is in the indicative or the subjunctive mood."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Main clause in the present, dependent clause in present perfect subjunctive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0499-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de que Fernando", "haya estado bien.", "Enrique duda que su amigo", "le haya escrito.", "Yo lo siento que Uds. no hayan", "ido a España.", "Irene no piensa que su vecino", "se haya quejado de ella.", "¿Esperas que le hayamos dado", "el dinero al dueño?", "Es probable que la mujer haya", "parqueado el carro.", "¿Conocen Uds. a alguien que", "haya vivido en Japón?", "Nos gusta que tú hayas tenido", "éxito.", "Me alegro de que Uds. se hayan", "divertido.", "1 am glad that Fernando", "has been well.", "Henry doubts that his friend", "has written to him.", "I regret it that you have not gone", "to Spain.", "Irene doesn't think that her", "neighbor has complained", "about her.", "Do you hope that we have given", "the money to the owner?", "It is probable that the woman", "has parked the car.", "Do you know anyone who has", "lived in Japan?", "It pleases us that you have been", "successful.", "I am glad that you have had", "a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 499, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "27.1", "ansAnchor": "ch27ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Is it possible that they have fallen asleep?", "2. It is probable that we have had a lot of opportunities.", "3. We are glad that our two friends have met each other.", "4. I’m sad that the hotel hasn’t called to confirm my reservation.", "5. José hopes that we have felt well.", "6. The lawyer is glad that his clients have read the contract.", "7. The engineers regret that the buildings have had problems.", "8. The worker is sad that his boss has not called to find out where he is."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "27.1 1. ¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido? 2. Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades. 3. Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido. 4. Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación. 5. José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien. 6. El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato. 7. Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas. 8. El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido? 2. Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades. 3. Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido. 4. Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación. 5. José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien. 6. El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato. 7. Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas. 8. El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "27.2", "ansAnchor": "ch27ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present perfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre está triste de que su familia no lo haya visitado. (visitar)", "• Main clause in the future, dependent clause in the present perfect subjunctive", "If the verb in the main clause is either the future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive) or the simple future, the present perfect subjunctive can be used in the dependent clause. This structure is used infrequently in everyday speech."], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el bañero le ___________________ la vida a la nadadora. (salvar)", "3. Miguel duda que nosotros ___________________ a subir la montaña. (atreverse)", "4. ¿Conoces a alguien que ___________________ todas las obras de Shakespeare? (leer)", "5. La rey quiere que su reina ___________________ feliz. (ser)", "6. Los viajantes esperan que los trenes no ___________________. (demorarse)", "7. Son las seis de la mañana. La mamá no piensa que sus hijos ___________________. (levantarse)", "8. Son las once de la noche el sábado. Patricia espera que sus amigos ___________________ mucho en la fiesta. (divertirse)", "9. Me alegro mucho de que Uds. ___________________ a la clase. (venir)", "10. Es una lástima que el vaso ___________________. (romperse)"], "ocrLines": ["Será fantástico que todo el", "mundo haya leído este libro.", "Será importante que los chóteres", "hayan aprendido a manejar.", "El director esperará que los", "actores hayan aprendido", "el argumento.", "Susana no irá a menos que su", "mejor amiga haya ido.", "It will be fantastic that everyone", "has read this book.", "It will be important that the", "drivers have learned to drive.", "The director will hope that the", "actors have learned the script", "Susan will not go unless her", "best friend has gone.", "10. Su mejor amigo es pintor. ¿Le diría Ud. la verdad si a Ud. no le gusta", "su pintura?", "aprender de memoria", "copiar", "firmar", "lesionarse", "to learn by heart, to memorize", "to copy", "to sign", "to get hurt"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hayan estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haya salvado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nos hayamos atrevido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haya leído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "haya sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se hayan demorado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se hayan levantado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se hayan divertido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hayan venido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se haya roto", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "27.2 1. hayan estado 2. haya salvado 3. nos hayamos atrevido 4. haya leído 5. haya sido 6. se hayan demorado 7. se hayan levantado 8. se hayan divertido 9. hayan venido 10. se haya roto", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hayan estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haya salvado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nos hayamos atrevido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haya leído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "haya sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se hayan demorado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se hayan levantado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se hayan divertido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hayan venido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se haya roto", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hayan estado 2. haya salvado 3. nos hayamos atrevido 4. haya leído 5. haya sido 6. se hayan demorado 7. se hayan levantado 8. se hayan divertido 9. hayan venido 10. se haya roto"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La isla en el Caribe"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me alegro mucho de que mis amigos se hayan puesto tan contentos antes de mi gran viaje a verlos. Se llaman Samuel y Teresa y viven en una isla que se llama Saba."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos encontramos por primera vez en el Yucatán donde viajamos juntos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Según ellos, Saba es el mejor sitio del mundo. Estoy muy emocionada de que ellos me hayan invitado a su hogar tan especial. Ella es francesa y él es de Inglaterra. Han pasado más de veinte años fuera de sus países. No sé por qué han escogido esta isla en el medio del Caribe. Nunca me han dado la razón y nadie sabe el porqué, excepto ellos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy contenta de que hayamos podido estar en contacto por tanto tiempo, comunicándonos por correo electrónico."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Arreglo mi maleta, pensando en lo que mis amigos me han dicho. Con cuidado, meto en ella bloqueador, anteojos de sol y camisas de algodón. Me dicen que llueve mucho, así que incluyo un paraguas pequeño y un impermeable. En caso de que haya sol, y esperándolo, traigo dos trajes de baño, una bata, sandalias y gafas para nadar. A ellos les gusta bucear, y a mí también. Dejo en casa mi abrigo, y escojo una chaqueta y un chaleco que compré en Guatemala. Me gusta llevar pantalones, pero voy a traer una falda también. No sé si necesitaré calcetines o botas, pero los traeré de todos modos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Será mi primer viaje a la isla y mis amigos la describen como un paraíso, pero un paraíso sin muchas provisiones. Me piden que les lleve muchos víveres como nueces, queso, cereal y chocolate. Mi pobre maleta, cambiada a maletón, pesa mucho con toda la comida, pero llevaré todo, y con muchas ganas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me recogieron en el aeropuerto y fuimos a Saba a su hogar. Ellos se sentaron en el sofá. Samuel empezó a trabajar en la computadora; ella no hizo nada aquella primera noche."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta pareja que siempre hablaba, dejó de hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dormí bastante bien la primera noche a pesar de los insectos, reyes de la casa que andaban por toda la casa, y el sonido de la ranas más allá de mi ventana."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Samuel y Teresa, mis queridos amigos, no sé lo que les había pasado. Pasé mis vacaciones a solas. Ellos no se atrevían a salir de la casa, hasta sacar la basura. Samuel llegaba al lindero de la casa, suspiraba y volvía a la sala mientras Teresa cocinaba."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por fin, me llevaron al aeropuerto, me dejaron allí, nos despedimos y nos separamos. Fue la última vez que los vi."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atreverse (a)", "bucear", "recoger", "suspirar", "to dare (to)", "to snorkel, to skin dive", "to pick up", "to sigh"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el abrigo", "la bata", "las botas", "los calcetines", "el chaleco", "la chaqueta", "la falda", "el impermeable", "el lindero", "el maletón", "la nuez, las nueces", "los pantalones", "el paraguas", "la rana", "el rey", "el traje de baño", "la última vez.", "the coat", "the robe", "the boots", "the socks", "the vest", "the jacket", "the skirt", "the raincoat", "the edge, the border", "the big suitcase", "the nut, the nuts", "the pants", "the umbrella", "the frog", "the king", "the bathing suit", "the last time"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 17, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de todos modos", "en caso de", "fuera de", "más allá de (mi ventana)", "por fin", "por primera vez", "anyway", "in case", "outside (of)", "outside (my window,", "at last", "for the first time"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Dónde está Saba?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es la isla?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué pone la persona en su maleta? ¿Por qué pesa tanto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Se llevaron bien?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Van a verse de nuevo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿La persona que viaja, es mujer u hombre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch28", "number": 28, "title": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect subjunctive mood expresses past action. So far, you have studied the present subjunctive and the present perfect subjunctive. Next is the imperfect subjunctive. If the main clause begins in the past, it can cause the subjunctive in the past."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The imperfect subjunctive is used after the following elements:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjective clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the imperfect subjunctive for all verbs, first drop the ending of the third-person singular of the preterit. What remains is the stem of the imperfect subjunctive for all forms."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Any irregularity in the stem of the preterit tense will have the same irregularity in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate all but three -ar verbs in the imperfect subjunctive, begin with the third-person singular (él, ella, Ud.) of the preterit tense. Drop the preterit ending and add -ara, -aras, -ara, -áramos, -arais, -aran to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bailar", "cantar", "cerrar", "recordar", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "bailó", "cantó", "cerró", "recordó", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo bailara", "nosotros bailáramos", "tú bailaras", "vosotros bailarais", "ella bailara", "ellas bailaran", "yo cantara", "nosotros cantáramos", "tú cantaras", "vosotros cantarais", "él cantara", "ellos cantaran", "yo cerrara", "nosotros cerráramos", "tú cerraras", "vosotros cerrarais", "Ud. cerrara", "Uds. cerraran", "yo recordara", "nosotros recordáramos", "tú recordaras", "vosotros recordarais", "él recordara", "ellos recordaran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 506, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only -ar verbs with different endings in the imperfect subjunctive are verbs that are irregular in the preterit: andar, estar, dar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate both -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect subjunctive, drop the ending from the third-person singular of the preterit to get the stem. Then add -iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "beber", "comer", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "bebió", "comió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo bebiera", "nosotros bebiéramos", "tú bebieras", "vosotros bebierais", "él bebiera", "ellos bebieran", "yo comiera", "nosotros comiéramos", "tú comieras", "vosotros comierais", "ella comiera", "ellas comieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9319148773842669, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 506, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conocer", "entender", "ver", "volver", "conoció", "entendió", "vio", "volvió", "yo conociera", "tú conocieras", "Ud. conociera", "yo entendiera", "tú entendieras", "él entendiera", "yo viera", "tú vieras", "ella viera", "yo volviera", "tú volvieras", "él volviera", "nosotros conociéramos", "vosotros conocierais", "Uds. conocieran", "nosotros entendiéramos", "vosotros entendierais", "ellos entendieran", "nosotros viéramos", "vosotros vierais", "ellas vieran", "nosotros volviéramos", "vosotros volvierais", "ellos volvieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.984375, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 507, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ir Verbs", "Infinitive", "abrir", "escribir", "salir", "vivir", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "abrió", "escribió", "salió", "vivió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo abriera", "nosotros abriéramos", "tú abrieras", "vosotros abrierais", "él abriera", "ellos abrieran", "yo escribiera", "nosotros escribiéramos", "tú escribieras", "vosotros escribierais", "ella escribiera", "ellas escribieran", "yo saliera", "nosotros saliéramos", "tú salieras", "vosotros salierais", "Ud. saliera", "Uds. salieran", "yo viera", "nosotros viéramos", "tú vieras", "vosotros vierais", "Ud. viviera", "Uds vivieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9594594594594594, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 507, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that are irregular in the third-person singular of the preterit show the same irregularity in the stem of the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "mentir", "pedir", "seguir", "dormir", "morirse", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "mintió", "pidió", "siguió", "durmió", "se murió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo mintiera", "nosotros mintiéramos", "tú mintieras", "vosotros mintierais", "él mintiera", "ellos mintieran", "yo viviera", "nosotros viviéramos", "tú vivieras", "vosotros vivierais", "ella pidiera", "ellas pidieran", "yo siguiera", "nosotros siguiéramos", "tú siguieras", "vosotros siguierais", "ella siguiera", "ellas siguieran", "yo durmiera", "nosotros durmiéramos", "tú durmieras", "vosotros durmierais", "Ud. durmiera", "Uds. durmieran", "me muriera", "nos muriéramos", "te murieras", "os murierais", "él se muriera"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 508, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The stress in the imperfect subjunctive is on the second-to-last, or penultimate, syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can ta ra, tú can ta ras, él can ta ra, nosotros can tá ramos, vosotros can ta rais, ellos can ta ran. If a word carries a written accent, stress the accented syllable: nosotros can tá ramos. The more you practice, the more natural this sound becomes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with irregular stems in the preterit have the same irregularity in the imperfect subjunctive. Drop the ending from the third-person singular and add -iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0508-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "andar", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "anduvo", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo anduviera", "nosotros anduviéramos", "tú anduvieras", "vosotros anduvierais", "él anduviera", "ellos anduvieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 508, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber", "dar", "estar", "hacer", "poder", "poner", "querer", "saber", "tener", "venir", "cupo", "dio", "estuvo", "hizo", "pudo", "puso", "quiso", "supo", "tuvo", "vino", "yo cupiera", "tú cupieras", "ella cupiera", "yo diera", "tú dieras", "Ud. diera", "yo estuviera", "tú estuvieras", "Ud. estuviera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "él hiciera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "ella pidiera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "Ud. pusiera", "yo quisiera", "tú quisieras", "él quisiera", "yo supiera", "tú supieras", "ella supiera", "yo tuviera", "tú tuvieras", "Ud. tuviera", "yo mintiera", "tú mintieras", "él mintiera", "nosotros cupiéramos", "vosotros cupierais", "ellas cupieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "Uds. dieran", "nosotros estuviéramos", "vosotros estuvierais", "Uds. estuvieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "ellos hicieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "ellas pidieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "Uds. pusieran", "nosotros quisiéramos", "vosotros quisierais", "ellos quisieran", "nosotros supiéramos", "vosotros supierais", "ellas supieran", "nosotros tuviéramos", "vosotros tuvierais", "Uds. tuvieran", "nosotros mintiéramos", "vosotros mintierais", "ellos mintieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9725000381469726, "cardCount": 0, "source": "pdf-repaired", "bookPage": 509, "repairs": 22}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular preterits whose stem ends in -j have -eran, not -ieran, in the third-person plural. Take a look at decir, producir, and traer."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "decir", "producir", "traer", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "dijo", "produjo", "trajo", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo dijera", "nosotros dijéramos", "tú dijeras", "vosotros dijerais", "ella dijera", "ellas dijeran", "yo produjera", "nosotros produjéramos", "tú produjeras", "vosotros produjerais", "Ud. produjera", "Uds. produjeran", "o trajer:", "nosotros trajéramos", "ú trajera:", "vosotros trajerais", "él trajera", "ellos trajeran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9107142857142857, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugations for ir and ser are identical in the imperfect subjunctive. The meaning will be clarified in context."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "ser", "ir", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "fue", "fue", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo fuera", "nosotros fuéramos", "tú fueras", "vosotros fuerais", "Ud. fuera", "Uds. fueran", "yo fuera", "nosotros fuéramos", "tú fueras", "vosotros fuerais", "él fuera", "ellos fueran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hubiera is the imperfect subjunctive form of haber, formed from the third-person singular of the preterit, hubo, meaning there was, there were."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "yo contradijera, etc", "yo deshiciera, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0511-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "producir", "conducir to conduct", "traducir to translate", "traer", "atraer to attract", "distraer to distract", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "yo compusiera, etc", "yo propusiera, etc.", "yo contuviera, etc.", "yo detuviera, etc.", "yo mantuviera, etc", "yo condujera, etc.", "yo tradujera, etc.", "yo atrajera, etc.", "yo distrajera, etc.", "yo previniera, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 511, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the main clause contains a verb or expression that causes the subjunctive in a dependent clause, the presence of an element in the main clause that begins in the past makes it mandatory to use the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. The conditional can also cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain impersonal expressions in the main clause will cause the subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the impersonal expressions are in the preterit, the imperfect, or the conditional tense, they will cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. Note the differences in the English translations for the dependent clauses below, depending on what is expressed by the verb in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0512-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Preterit", "Fue una lástima que no", "pudiéramos ir a la fiesta.", "Fue importante que ella no", "se enojara.", "Fue posible que el hombre", "colgara el teléfono.", "•", "Imperfect", "Era probable que ella no", "quisiera ir al dentista.", "Era posible que el estudiante", "supiera la respuesta.", "Era posible que Octavio", "la conociera en Madrid.", "•", "Conditional", "¿Sería posible que su esposo", "tuviera razón?", "¿Sería posible que Isabel", "se fuera?", "¿Sería posible que cocinaras", "esta noche?", "Sería necesario que la policía", "capturara el criminal.", "It was a shame that we were not", "able to go to the party.", "It was important that she not", "get angry.", "It was possible that the man", "hung up the telephone.", "It was probable that she didn't", "want to go to the dentist.", "It was possible that the student", "knew the answer:", "It was possible that Octavio", "met her in Madrid.", "Would it be possible that her", "husband was right?", "Would it be possible that Isabel", "went away?", "Would it be possible for you", "to cook tonight?", "It would be necessary that the", "police force capture the", "criminal"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 512, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.1", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses, then translate the sentence.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Fue fantástico que nosotros tuviéramos éxito. (tener) It was fantastic that we were successful.", "Era imposible que Octavio durmiera bien anoche. (dormir) It was impossible that Octavio slept well last night.", "¿Sería posible que ellos me vieran en el teatro? (ver) Would it be possible that they saw me in the theater?"], "prompts": ["1. Fue importante que Jaime me ___________________. (hablar)", "2. Era una lástima que ella no ___________________ bien anoche. (sentirse)", "3. ¿Fue posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi hermana? (conocer)", "4. Fue necesario que nosotros ___________________ ejercicios. (hacer)", "5. Era imposible que no ___________________ tráfico hoy. (haber)", "6. Fue urgente que la ambulancia ___________________ dentro de cinco minutos. (llegar)", "7. Era posible que nosotros le ___________________ un regalo a la maestra. (dar)", "8. Fue dudoso que mi sobrina me ___________________ la verdad; fue posible que me ___________________. (decir/mentir)", "9. Sería bueno que Uds. ___________________. (mejorarse)", "10. Era probable que toda la clase ___________________. (graduarse)", "11. Sería imposible que Sara ___________________ sin decirnos nada. (irse)", "12. Fue bueno que nosotros la ___________________. (llamar)", "13. Sería necesario que los turistas ___________________ mucha agua en las montañas. (tomar)", "14. Sería dudoso que nosotros ___________________ a México este año. (viajar)", "15. Fue posible que Beatriz e Isabel ___________________ en Italia. (quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablara: It was important that James speak to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "llamáramos: It was good that we called her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.1 1. hablara: It was important that James speak to me. 2. se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night. 3. conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister? 4. hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises. 5. hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today. 6. llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes. 7. diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher. 8. dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me. 9. se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better. 10. se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated. 11. se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us. 12. llamáramos: It was good that we called her. 13. tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains. 14. viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year. 15. se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablara: It was important that James speak to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "llamáramos: It was good that we called her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablara: It was important that James speak to me. 2. se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night. 3. conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister? 4. hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises. 5. hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today. 6. llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes. 7. diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher. 8. dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me. 9. se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better. 10. se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated. 11. se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us. 12. llamáramos: It was good that we called her. 13. tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains. 14. viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year. 15. se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the verbs that cause the subjunctive mood in a dependent clause, namely, verbs that express wishes and preferences; verbs that express hope, regret and emotion; verbs that express orders; and verbs that express uncertainty. These verbs in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. If the main clause is in the preterit, the imperfect, or the conditional, the dependent clause will be in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0513-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Preterit", "Yo quise que Ud. cantara.", "Mi suegra se alegró de que yo", "la visitara.", "Tu amigo te pidió que lo", "llamaras.", "I wanted you to sing. (literally,", "I wanted that you sang.)", "My mother-in-law was happy", "that I visited her.", "Your friend asked you to call him"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 513, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0514-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los padres de Paula le", "exigieron que ella", "compartiera sus juguetes.", "•", "Imperfect", "Yo esperaba que él tuviera", "tiempo.", "Julieta esperaba que Romeo", "viniera a verla.", "Esperábamos que Uds.", "pudieran pasar sus vacaciones", "con nosotros.", "•", "Conditional", "Los padres desearían que sus", "hijos jugaran en el parque.", "¿A Ud. le molestaría que yo", "fumara?", "Yo preferiría que él no viniera.", "Paula's parents demanded that", "she share her toys.", "I hoped that he had time.", "Juliet hoped that Romeo would", "come to see her.", "We were hoping that you would", "be able to spend your vacation", "with us.", "The parents would want their", "children to play in the park.", "Would it bother you that I smoke!", "I would prefer that he not come."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 514, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the English Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that English translations of the imperfect subjunctive are not exact. Just remember that if you start out in either the past (preterit or imperfect) or the conditional in the main clause, the verb or impersonal expression will cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.2", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the preterit and the verb in the dependent clause is in the imperfect subjunctive.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Quise que ellas me escribieran.", "2. Mi vecino prefirió que yo no le trajera nada.", "3. Nos alegramos de que él llegara temprano.", "4. Ella nos rogó que no nos fuéramos.", "5. Me alegré de que te mudaras a una casa.", "6. El dueño insistió en que pagáramos la renta.", "7. Yo le dije a mi amigo que me llamara.", "8. El turista le sugirió al taxista que no condujera tan rápido."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wanted them to write to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We were glad that he arrived early", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "She begged us not to go", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I was glad that you moved to a house", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The owner insisted that we pay the rent", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I told my friend to call me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.2 1. I wanted them to write to me. 2. My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him. 3. We were glad that he arrived early. 4. She begged us not to go. 5. I was glad that you moved to a house. 6. The owner insisted that we pay the rent. 7. I told my friend to call me. 8. The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wanted them to write to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We were glad that he arrived early", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "She begged us not to go", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I was glad that you moved to a house", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The owner insisted that we pay the rent", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I told my friend to call me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wanted them to write to me. 2. My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him. 3. We were glad that he arrived early. 4. She begged us not to go. 5. I was glad that you moved to a house. 6. The owner insisted that we pay the rent. 7. I told my friend to call me. 8. The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.3", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the preterit.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El abogado insistió en que la mujer fuera a la corte. (ser)"], "prompts": ["1. Yo quise que Julio me ___________________ en español. (hablar)", "2. Julio me aconsejó que yo ___________________ más. (estudiar)", "3. Susana insistió en que su primo ___________________ con su hermano. (bailar)", "4. Manuel no quiso que su esposa ___________________ en el cabaret. (cantar)", "5. Me alegré de que Uds. ___________________ a la clase. (venir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estudiara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "bailara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "cantara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vinieran", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.3 1. hablara 2. estudiara 3. bailara 4. cantara 5. vinieran", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estudiara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "bailara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "cantara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vinieran", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablara 2. estudiara 3. bailara 4. cantara 5. vinieran"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.4", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella quería que sus padres ___________________ en Nueva York. (quedarse)", "2. La madre no quería que nosotros le ___________________ flores. (traer)", "3. La doctora le aconsejaba al paciente que ___________________ menos. (comer)", "4. El hombre le sugería que Ud. me ___________________ el libro. (prestar)", "5. La mujer esperaba que nosotros la ___________________. (ayudar)", "6. Los candidatos nos rogaban que ___________________ por ellos. (votar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se quedaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "trajéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "prestara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ayudáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "votáramos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.4 1. se quedaran 2. trajéramos 3. comiera 4. prestara 5. ayudáramos 6. votáramos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se quedaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "trajéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "prestara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ayudáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "votáramos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se quedaran 2. trajéramos 3. comiera 4. prestara 5. ayudáramos 6. votáramos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.5", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the conditional.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El dentista esperaría que sus pacientes ___________________ en su oficina a las nueve de la mañana. (estar)", "2. Me gustaría que tú ___________________. (callarse)", "3. Ella se alegraría de que nosotros lo ___________________. (hacer)", "4. Te gustaría que yo te ___________________ al tren esta noche? (acompañar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te callaras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hiciéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "acompañara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.5 1. estuvieran 2. te callaras 3. hiciéramos 4. acompañara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te callaras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hiciéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "acompañara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estuvieran 2. te callaras 3. hiciéramos 4. acompañara"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.6", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El muchacho quería que sus padres le trajeran un regalo.", "2. Los amigos de Miguel querían que él perdiera peso.", "3. ¿Para qué querían Uds. que yo les prestara dinero?", "4. Federico esperaba que Linda se casara con él.", "5. La estudiante en España se alegró de que sus padres estuvieran orgullosos de ella.", "6. Yo quise que ellos se quedaran conmigo.", "7. Esperábamos que no fuera nada grave.", "8. El marido no quería que su esposa se jubilara."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The child wanted his parents to bring him a present", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Why did you want me to lend you money?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Fred hoped that Linda would marry him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I wanted them to stay with me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that it was nothing serious", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The husband did not want his wife to retire", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.6 1. The child wanted his parents to bring him a present. 2. Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight. 3. Why did you want me to lend you money? 4. Fred hoped that Linda would marry him. 5. The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her. 6. I wanted them to stay with me. 7. We hoped that it was nothing serious. 8. The husband did not want his wife to retire.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The child wanted his parents to bring him a present", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Why did you want me to lend you money?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Fred hoped that Linda would marry him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I wanted them to stay with me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that it was nothing serious", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The husband did not want his wife to retire", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The child wanted his parents to bring him a present. 2. Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight. 3. Why did you want me to lend you money? 4. Fred hoped that Linda would marry him. 5. The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her. 6. I wanted them to stay with me. 7. We hoped that it was nothing serious. 8. The husband did not want his wife to retire."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.7", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. Read the sentences and questions carefully.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre flaco no quería comer el helado. (comer)"], "prompts": ["1. Yo no quería ___________________ en el tren. Me gusta ___________________ en la ducha. (cantar/cantar)", "2. Es importante ___________________ bien para ___________________ bien. (comer/vivir)", "3. Fue importante que los doctores ___________________ a los pacientes. (cuidar)", "4. El hombre esperaba que sus vecinos ___________________ de escuchar música en alto volumen. (dejar)", "5. ¿Por qué me dijiste que yo te ___________________? (esperar)", "6. Susana le pidió a su hijo que ___________________. (acostarse)", "7. La mujer no quiso ___________________ en el ascensor. (bajar)", "8. Antes de ___________________ a México, Antonio llamó a sus amigos. (viajar)", "9. Yo no creía que ___________________ la verdad. (ser)", "10. ¿Qué querías tú que yo te ___________________? (decir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cantar, cantar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cuidaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dejaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "esperara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se acostara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "bajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "viajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.7 1. cantar, cantar 2. comer, vivir 3. cuidaran 4. dejaran 5. esperara 6. se acostara 7. bajar 8. viajar 9. fuera 10. dijera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cantar, cantar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cuidaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dejaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "esperara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se acostara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "bajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "viajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cantar, cantar 2. comer, vivir 3. cuidaran 4. dejaran 5. esperara 6. se acostara 7. bajar 8. viajar 9. fuera 10. dijera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El barco económico"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lucía siempre tenía ganas de ir a las Islas Galápagos y quería que su buen amigo la acompañara, pero no quiso. Después de haberlo pensado bien, decidió ir sola, primero a Quito, capital de Ecuador. Ella conoció a mucha gente en la ciudad, exploró los vecindarios durante el día; por la noche volvía a su hotel que le costaba cinco dólares. Ella comía el desayuno en una cafetería, el almuerzo en otra, y cenaba en un buen restaurante en el centro. Esperaba que alguien pasara por allí, que la viera sentada, que entrara en el restaurante, y que hablara con ella. Esperaba que los dos se llevaran bien y que él quisiera ir con ella a la isla."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Al fin y al cabo, Lucía viajó a Guayaquil, la entrada de las islas, y la salida de los barcos y cruceros. En la agencia de viajes, le sugirieron que fuera en barco económico con un grupo pequeño de aventureros. “Costaría menos,” dijo la agente, “y sería más divertido el viaje.” La agente la convenció."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La mujer tomó la decisión, compró su pasaje de ida y vuelta para el próximo día, y después de una noche inquieta e indecisa, abordó el barco chiquito. Aquella primera noche, el barco salió, y entre las olas, la tormenta, y el huracán, los ocho pasajeros pasaron la noche mareados bajo las estrellas centelleantes del cielo."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0518-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "abordar", "convencer", "llevarse (bien)", "tener ganas", "Nombres", "el huracán", "las olas", "la tormenta", "el vecindario", "Adjetivos", "centelleante", "inquieto", "to board", "to convince", "to get along (well,", "to desire", "the hurricane", "the waves", "the storm", "the neighborhood", "twinkling", "unquiet, agitated", "seasick"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 518, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0519-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al fin y al cabo", "e indecisa", "el pasaje de ida y vuelta", "after all", "and indecisive (When expressing and in", "Spanish, e replaces y before a word that", "begins with an emphasized i- or hi..)", "round-trip ticket"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 519, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuántos pasajeros hay en el barco económico?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Adónde fue Lucía?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿A ella le gustó Quito?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Quién habló con ella en el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué decidió hacer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que los pasajeros se van a divertir?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form follows certain conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject from the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0519-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella les enseñó a sus estudiantes", "para que ellos aprendieran.", "Antes de que él fuera a España,", "le vendimos su boleto.", "En caso de que ellos te", "llamaran, ¿qué les dirías?", "A pesar de que Emil le diera", "flores, la mujer no aceptó", "su invitación.", "The professor taught her students", "so that they learned.", "Before he went to Spain, we sold", "him his ticket.", "In case they called you,", "what would you say to them?", "In spite of the fact that Emil gave", "her flowers, the woman didn't", "accept his invitation."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 519, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no lo haría sin que Uds. me", "ayudaran.", "Yo te iba a esperar hasta que", "llegaras.", "I wouldn't do it without your", "helping me.", "I was going to wait for you until", "you arrived."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in a dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause of a sentence is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Conoció Ud. a alguien que", "supiera hablar chino?", "Yo había buscado una piscina", "que quedara cerca de mi casa.", "Nunca encontramos a nadie", "que siempre tuviera razón.", "Did you meet anyone who knew", "how to speak Chinese?", "I had looked for a pool that was", "located near my house.", "We never found anyone who was", "always right."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9130434782608695, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant that and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que fuera verdad.", "Ojalá que Uds. vivieran aquí", "conmigo.", "Ojalá que pudiera hacerlo.", "Would to God that it were true.", "Would to God that you lived here", "with me.", "I hope that you were able to do it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• como si"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A verb that follows como si (as if) will be in the imperfect subjunctive. The verb in the main clause can be in the present, the past, or the conditional."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. le trata como si fuera niño.", "El hombre lo describe como si", "estuviera allí.", "You treat him as if he were a child", "The man describes it as if he were", "tere."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9130434782608695, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carla nos dio las direcciones", "como si supiéramos el camino.", "Los hombres nos saludaron como", "si nos conocieran.", "Los hombres nos hablaban como", "si los conociéramos.", "Pietro hablaría como si tuviera", "razón.", "Carla gave us directions as if we", "knew the way.", "The men greeted us as if they", "knew us.", "The men spoke to us as if we kneu", "them.", "Pietro would speak as if he were", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• quisiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb querer can be used in the imperfect subjunctive in a main clause, where it is used to soften statements and questions. This form changes the translation of I want, for example, to I would like."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo quisiera", "tú quisieras", "Ud. quisiera", "nosotros quisiéramos", "vosotros quisierais", "Uds. quisieran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the meanings of the following pairs of sentences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero más café, por favor.", "Quisiera más café, por favor:", "Queremos ir contigo al", "aeropuerto.", "Quisiéramos ir contigo.", "¿Quieres pedir prestado mi libro?", "¿Quisieras pedirlo prestado?", "I want more coffee, please.", "I would like more coffee, please.", "We want to go with you to the", "airport.", "We would like to go with you.", "Do you want to borrow my book?", "Would you like to borrow it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• pudiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect subjunctive form of poder can be used independently in a main clause. It is used to soften statements, for example, puedo (I can, I am able) to yo pudiera (I could, I would be able)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo pudiera", "tú pudieras", "ella pudiera", "nosotros pudiéramos", "vosotros pudierais", "ellas pudieran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the meanings of the following pairs of sentences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", "¿Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", "Can you lend me ten dollars?", "Could you lend me ten dollars:"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0522-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Nos puede dar mil dólares?", "¿Nos pudiera Ud. dar mil dólares?", "Can you give us a thousand", "dollars?", "Could you give us a thousand", "dollarse"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 522, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.8", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Sara habla sin ___________________ nada. (saber)", "2. La mamá prendió las luces para que sus hijos ___________________ ver. (poder)", "3. Él baila como si ___________________ un bailarín profesional. (ser)", "4. Ojalá que ella ___________________ hoy. (venir)", "5. ¿Había alguien que ___________________ todas las capitales de los Estados Unidos? (saber)", "6. Dolores preparó la comida antes de ___________________. (ducharse)", "7. Ella preparó la comida antes de que su hijo ___________________ para la escuela. (salir)", "8. El niño no quiere ___________________ las manos antes de ___________________. (lavarse/comer)", "9. Elena y su hermana viajan como si ___________________ mucho dinero. (tener)", "10. Ojalá que Fernando nos ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "11. Isabel nos contó todo como si ella ___________________ allí. (estar)", "12. Antes de ___________________ a España, él estudió por dos años. (ir)", "13. Íbamos a jugar tenis hasta que ___________________ a llover. (empezar)", "14. La enfermera no le daría medicina a la paciente a menos que ella la ___________________. (necesitar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "saber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pudieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "viniera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ducharse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "saliera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "lavarse, comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "necesitara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.8 1. saber 2. pudieran 3. fuera 4. viniera 5. supiera 6. ducharse 7. saliera 8. lavarse, comer 9. tuvieran 10. dijera 11. estuviera 12. ir 13. empezara 14. necesitara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "saber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pudieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "viniera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ducharse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "saliera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "lavarse, comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "necesitara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. saber 2. pudieran 3. fuera 4. viniera 5. supiera 6. ducharse 7. saliera 8. lavarse, comer 9. tuvieran 10. dijera 11. estuviera 12. ir 13. empezara 14. necesitara"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.9", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans9", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the past tense. Make sure you read the main clause carefully to see whether the subjunctive is necessary in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Yo sé que el tren viene. Yo sabía que el tren venía.", "Yo dudo que el tren venga. Yo dudaba que el tren viniera.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Laura quiere que su esposo la acompañe a Chile.", "2. Es necesario que la gente no fume en los edificios.", "3. Julia está contenta de que Uds. estén aquí.", "4. Yo sé que su nieta quiere ir a la universidad.", "5. Me alegro de que puedas correr en el maratón.", "6. ¿Qué quieres que yo haga?", "7. Raúl y yo esperamos que Uds. se encuentren bien.", "8. ¿Es importante que el carpintero sepa lo que está haciendo?", "9. Espero que el vuelo de mis amigos llegue a tiempo.", "10. Los deportistas dudan que ganemos el partido.", "11. Nuestros amigos nos ruegan que no subamos a la cumbre de la montaña.", "12. Los entrenadores insisten en que la gente haga más ejercicio."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué querías que yo hiciera?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.9 1. Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile. 2. Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes. 3. Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí. 4. Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad. 5. Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón. 6. ¿Qué querías que yo hiciera? 7. Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien. 8. Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo. 9. Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo. 10. Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido. 11. Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña. 12. Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué querías que yo hiciera?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile. 2. Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes. 3. Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí. 4. Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad. 5. Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón. 6. ¿Qué querías que yo hiciera? 7. Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien. 8. Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo. 9. Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo. 10. Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido. 11. Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña. 12. Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.10", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. It was necessary that she begin the lessons on time.", "2. It was a pity that he didn’t know how to express himself.", "3. Would it be possible that they had already left the reunion?", "4. Joann’s children begged her not to smoke.", "5. Would you like me to speak with your boss?", "6. My brother doubted that I sang well yesterday.", "7. My daughter’s teacher suggested that I call her.", "8. I wanted them to stay with me. They wanted me to go with them.", "9. I would like to make a documentary that is about the Incas.", "10. I want to take your photo, if you don’t mind."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.10 1. Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo. 2. Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse. 3. ¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión? 4. Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara. 5. ¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe? 6. Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer. 7. La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara. 8. Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos. 9. Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca. 10. Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo. 2. Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse. 3. ¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión? 4. Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara. 5. ¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe? 6. Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer. 7. La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara. 8. Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos. 9. Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca. 10. Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you express the idea that an action would happen (conditional tense) if another action occurred in the past, the imperfect subjunctive is used in the clause that begins with si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0524-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si él tuviera más tiempo,", "me traería flores.", "If he had more time, he would", "bring me flowers."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 524, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si Ud. anduviera más rápido,", "llegaría a tiempo.", "¿Si yo te diera un regalo,", "lo aceptarías?", "Si Ricardo bailara mejor,", "su compañera estaría contenta.", "If you walked more quickly,", "you would arrive on time.", "If I gave you a present,", "would you accept it?", "If Richard danced better,", "his companion would be happy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the si -clause in the Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A si -clause used with a present tense verb never causes the subjunctive. When you express the idea that an action will happen (future tense) if another action occurs in the present, the imperfect subjunctive is not used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si tú vas, yo iré también.", "Si ellos vienen a verme, estaré", "contenta.", "Si Lola quiere asistir a una", "universidad, sus padres", "pagarán el primer año.", "If you go, I will go too.", "If they come to see me, 1 will be", "happy.", "If Lola wants to attend a university,", "her parents will pay the first year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following examples, a clause whose verb is in the conditional tense begins the sentence. Note that the imperfect subjunctive follows the word si. It doesn’t matter whether the sentence begins with the conditional tense or the si - clause, the subjunctive always follows si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iría a la fiesta si tú fueras", "también.", "Mi hermano me vería más,", "si viviera cerca.", "Podríamos hacer la tarea", "si tuviéramos más tiempo.", "Habría más gente en la playa", "si hiciera calor.", "Iríamos a verla si nos invitara.", "¿Me harías un préstamo si yo", "prometiera devolvértelo?", "I would go to the party if you", "were going also.", "My brother would see me more", "if he lived close by.", "We would be able to do the", "homework if we had more time", "There would be more people", "at the beach if it were hot.", "We would go to see her if she", "invited us.", "Would you give me a loan if I", "promised to return it to you?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.11", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Each sentence requires both the conditional and the imperfect subjunctive verb forms. Remember that the imperfect subjunctive follows the si -clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES ¿Qué haría Ud. si sus amigos le dijeran una mentira? (hacer/decir)", "Si no hubiera tráfico, podríamos salir más tarde. (haber/poder)", "If the sentence or question includes the word si in a sentence that is not contrary-to-fact, but rather is simply a statement, the subjunctive is not used."], "prompts": ["1. Si Fernando ___________________ más alto, ___________________ deportista. (ser/ser)", "2. Si a María le ___________________ bailar, ___________________ a fiestas. (gustar/ir)", "3. Si nosotros le ___________________ cartas, nuestro amigo nos ___________________. (escribir/responder)", "4. Si yo ___________________ mejor, yo ___________________ reírme. (sentirse/poder)", "5. Los artistas ___________________ más dinero, si ___________________ sus pinturas. (ganar/vender)", "6. Los médicos dicen que los insomnes ___________________ mejor si ___________________ a la misma hora cada noche. (dormir/acostarse).", "7. Nosotros ___________________ con soltura si ___________________ todos los verbos. (hablar/saber)", "8. La muchacha no ___________________ frío si ___________________ la chaqueta. (tener/ponerse)", "9. El niño no ___________________ tanto si no le ___________________ el estómago. (llorar/doler)", "10. Yo no ___________________ si Ud. ___________________ que yo ___________________. (irse/querer/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": ["Si yo he dicho algo indiscreto,", "lo siento.", "If I have said something", "indiscreet, 1 am sorry", "Carla nos dio las direcciones", "como si supiéramos el camino.", "Los hombres nos saludaron como", "si nos conocieran.", "Los hombres nos hablaban como", "si los conociéramos.", "Pietro hablaría como si tuviera", "razón.", "Carla gave us directions as if we", "knew the way.", "The men greeted us as if they", "knew us.", "The men spoke to us as if we knew", "them.", "Pietro would speak as if he were", "right.", "The verb querer can be used in the imperfect subjunctive in a main", "clause, where it is used to soften statements and questions. This form", "changes the translation of I want, for example, to I would like.", "yo quisiera", "nosotros quisiéramos", "tú quisieras", "vosotros quisierais", "Ud. quisiera", "Uds. quisieran", "Quiero más café, por favor.", "Quisiera más café, por favor.", "Queremos ir contigo al", "aeropuerto.", "Quisiéramos ir contigo.", "¿Quieres pedir prestado mi libro?", "¿ Quisieras pedirlo prestado?", "I want more coffee, please.", "I would like more coffee, please.", "We want to go with you to the", "airport.", "We would like to go with you.", "Do you want to borrow my book?", "Would you like to borrow it?", "The imperfect subjunctive form of poder can be used independently in a", "main clause. It is used to soften statements, for example, puedo (I can, I", "am able) to yo pudiera (I could, I would be able).", "Si ellos han completado", "el curso, los felicito.", "Si Jaime estaba aquí, no lo", "vimos.", "If they have completed the course", "I congratulate them.", "If James was here, we didn't see", "him.", "yo pudiera", "tú pudieras", "ella pudiera", "nosotros pudiéramos", "vosotros pudierais", "ellas pudieran", "¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", "Can you lend me ten dollars?", "¿¡Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", "Could you lend me ten dollars?", "¿Nos puede dar mil dólares?", "¿Nos pudiera Ud. dar mil dólares?", "Can you give us a thousand", "dollars?", "Could you give us a thousand", "Exercise 28.8", "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct", "imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "1. Sara habla sin", "nada. (saber)", "2. La mamá prendió las luces para que sus hijos", "ver. (poder)", "3. Él baila como si", "4. Ojalá que ella", "5. ¿Había alguien que", "_ un bailarín profesional. (ser)", "hoy. (venir)", "_todas las capitales de los", "Estados Unidos? (saber)", "6. Dolores preparó la comida antes de .", "_. (ducharse)", "7. Ella preparó la comida antes de que su hijo.", "para la escuela. (salir)", "8. El niño no quiere", "_ las manos antes de", "_ (lavarse/comer)", "9. Elena y su hermana viajan como si", "dinero. (tener)", "10. Ojalá que Fernando nos", "mucho", "la verdad. (decir)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fuera, sería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "gustara, iría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "escribiéramos, respondería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me sintiera, podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ganarían, vendieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dormirían, se acostaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hablaríamos, supiéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tendría, se pusiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "lloraría, doliera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.11 1. fuera, sería 2. gustara, iría 3. escribiéramos, respondería 4. me sintiera, podría 5. ganarían, vendieran 6. dormirían, se acostaran 7. hablaríamos, supiéramos 8. tendría, se pusiera 9. lloraría, doliera 10. me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fuera, sería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "gustara, iría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "escribiéramos, respondería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me sintiera, podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ganarían, vendieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dormirían, se acostaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hablaríamos, supiéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tendría, se pusiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "lloraría, doliera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fuera, sería 2. gustara, iría 3. escribiéramos, respondería 4. me sintiera, podría 5. ganarían, vendieran 6. dormirían, se acostaran 7. hablaríamos, supiéramos 8. tendría, se pusiera 9. lloraría, doliera 10. me iría, quisiera, me quedara"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Xochicalco (The place of the flowers)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Si Leonora pudiera viajar al pasado, ella viajaría al décimo siglo para averiguar por qué casi todos los centros de los mayas se habían desaparecido acerca del año 900 A.D. Nadie sabe la causa, según ella. Pienso que ella habría sido una buena arqueóloga por su curiosidad, pero me dijo que jamás le gustaba la idea de excavar la tierra, ni con máquinas, ni con las manos. Prefiere andar por las ruinas, sintiendo como era la vida en la edad de los mayas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Has oído de Xochicalco, cerca de Cuernavaca, México? Supongo que no. Es poco conocido, pero magnífico, dice ella. La estructura principal se llama ‘la serpiente emplumada’ y ella se quedaba horas mirándola, tratando de entender lo que significa el arte del templo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me contó que quería subir la pirámide de Quetzalcóatl, pero no pudo. Un guía la vio intentar y la mostró como se hace. En vez de ascender recto, como hace casi toda la gente, él le dijo que subiera y bajara zigzagueando. De esta manera, escaló rápida y fácilmente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Has oído de Ceibal en Guatemala? Por fin, Leonora fue con otro fanático de los mayas y estaba muy feliz con su compañero. Viajaron por barco por el Río Pasión. Me habría gustado acompañarla también, pero ella no pensaba en mí. De todos modos, ella y su amigo se enteraron que Ceibal, poblado en 900 B.C. y abandonado en 900 A.D., habría podido ser el centro de la civilización maya. En un sitio bien escondido, vieron estatuas de hombres negros y otras que parecían ser judíos. Estoy seguro que se divirtieron mucho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Leonora quería que yo te recomendara otros sitios fantásticos para explorar. En el Yucatán, sería una maravilla que visitaras las ruinas de Tulum en la costa de México, o Chitzén Itzá entre Cancún y Mérida, Uxmal donde se ve estatuas de Chac, el dios de la lluvia, o Tikal, en Guatemala, una de las más grandes de todas. Y si vas, no te olvides de mí y el secreto del zigzag."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0528-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["averiguar", "enterarse", "escalar", "excavar", "suponer", "zigzaguear", "to find out, to very", "to become informed", "to climb", "to excavate, to dig", "to suppose", "to zigzag"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 528, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es hombre o mujer el narrador/la narradora?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántas personas hay en el cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas ruinas menciona la persona principal?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. De las ruinas mencionadas en esta narración, ¿cuál es la más antigua?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch29", "number": 29, "title": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive, also called the pluperfect subjunctive, is often translated the same as the indicative past perfect tense in English, for example, I had eaten. Like all subjunctives, this form must be caused by a verb or expression that causes the use of the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive is a compound verb form. To form the past perfect subjunctive, use the imperfect subjunctive of the helping verb haber and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0529-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo hubiera contestado", "tú hubieras hablado", "ella hubiera escrito", "nosotros hubiéramos ido", "vosotros hubierais estudiado", "ellas hubieran votado", "I had answered", "you had spoken", "she had written", "we had gone", "you had studied", "they had voted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7692307692307693, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 529, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Past Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive expresses action that happened before another action occurred. As you know, the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone. An element in the main clause causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain verbs cause the subjunctive in a dependent clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit), these verbs can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo esperaba", "I hoped (imperfect)", "que el avión hubiera llegado.", "that the plane had arrived.", "(past perfect subjunctive)", "Rosario quería", "que hubiéramos pagado la cuenta.", "Rosario wanted", "that we had paid the bill.", "(imperfect)", "(past perfect subjunctive)", "Me alegré", "de que ella hubiera vuelto.", "I was glad (preterit) that she had returned. (past perfect subjunctive,", "Ella dudaba que sus amigos", "She doubted that her friends", "hubieran tenido razón.", "had been right.", "Yo no creía que el alcalde", "I didn't believe that the mayor", "te hubiera reconocido.", "had recognized you.", "El niño temía que su madre", "The child feared that his mother", "se hubiera ido.", "had gone.", "Lo sentimos que Uds. no", "We were sorry that you had not", "se hubieran sentido bien.", "felt well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9833333333333333, "cardCount": 2, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain impersonal expressions in the main clause cause the subjunctive in a dependent clause. If these expressions are in the past, they can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fue posible que los niños", "se hubieran dormido.", "Era importante que yo hubiera", "asistido a la conferencia en", "México.", "It was possible that the children", "had fallen asleep.", "It was important that I had", "attended the conference in", "Merico."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 5, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive is used to express a contrary-to-fact wish in the past with ojalá."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que yo hubiera sabido.", "I wish that I had known. /", "Would to God that had known"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0531-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que la hubiéramos", "encontrado.", "Ojalá que ellos se hubieran", "quedado.", "Would to God that we had", "found her.", "Would to God that they had", "stayed."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 531, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• quisiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The use of the imperfect subjunctive of querer, most often quisiera, in the main clause can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0531-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La niña quisiera que su mamá", "le hubiera dado un caballo", "para su cumpleaños.", "Ellos quisieran que el hotel", "hubiera tenido una piscina.", "¿ Quisieras tú que yo te hubiera", "dicho la verdad?", "The child wished that her mother", "had given her a horse for her", "birthday.", "They wished that the hotel had", "had a swimming pool.", "Did you wish that I had told you", "the truth?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 531, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.1", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct past perfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the main clause is in the imperfect or preterit. Note the element that causes the use of this mood.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Era importante que nosotros hubiéramos recibido el cheque. (recibir)"], "prompts": ["1. Jorge no estaba seguro que nosotros ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "2. Ella esperaba que nosotros ___________________ una cita con su hija. (hacer)", "3. Yo no podía creer que mi amigo ___________________ tal cosa. (decir)", "4. No había nadie en la fiesta que ___________________ por todo el mundo. (viajar)", "5. La princesa nunca creía que su príncipe ___________________. (venir)", "6. Deseábamos que no ___________________ tanto. (llover)", "7. Elena se alegró mucho de que Uds. ___________________. (mejorarse)", "8. Sus parientes sintieron mucho que Irene y Gustavo no ___________________. (casarse)", "9. Roberto dudaba que nosotros ___________________ todo el dinero. (gastar)", "10. Yo no pensaba que las flores ___________________. (vivir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hubiéramos pagado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hubiéramos hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hubiera dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hubiera viajado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hubiera venido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hubiera llovido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se hubieran mejorado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se hubieran casado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hubiéramos gastado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hubieran vivido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.1 1. hubiéramos pagado 2. hubiéramos hecho 3. hubiera dicho 4. hubiera viajado 5. hubiera venido 6. hubiera llovido 7. se hubieran mejorado 8. se hubieran casado 9. hubiéramos gastado 10. hubieran vivido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hubiéramos pagado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hubiéramos hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hubiera dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hubiera viajado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hubiera venido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hubiera llovido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se hubieran mejorado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se hubieran casado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hubiéramos gastado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hubieran vivido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hubiéramos pagado 2. hubiéramos hecho 3. hubiera dicho 4. hubiera viajado 5. hubiera venido 6. hubiera llovido 7. se hubieran mejorado 8. se hubieran casado 9. hubiéramos gastado 10. hubieran vivido"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.2", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ojalá que no se lo hubiéramos dicho.", "2. Ojalá que Uds. hubieran estado bien.", "3. Ojalá que hubiéramos ido de vacaciones.", "4. Fue necesario que el carpintero lo hubiera construido.", "5. Fue urgente que nosotros hubiéramos llevado al hombre enfermo al hospital.", "6. Era una lástima que nadie hubiera estado en el teatro.", "7. Esperábamos que todo el mundo se hubiera aprovechado de la situación.", "8. Los porteros dudaban que los inquilinos nuevos hubieran pintado las paredes.", "9. El abogado no pensaba que sus clientes hubieran ganado.", "10. Fue posible que los ladrones hubieran robado el banco."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I wish that you had been well", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I wish that we had gone on vacation", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It was a pity that no one had been in the theater", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.2 1. I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her. 2. I wish that you had been well. 3. I wish that we had gone on vacation. 4. It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it. 5. It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital. 6. It was a pity that no one had been in the theater. 7. We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation. 8. The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls. 9. The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won. 10. It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I wish that you had been well", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I wish that we had gone on vacation", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It was a pity that no one had been in the theater", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her. 2. I wish that you had been well. 3. I wish that we had gone on vacation. 4. It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it. 5. It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital. 6. It was a pity that no one had been in the theater. 7. We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation. 8. The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls. 9. The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won. 10. It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Contrary-to-Fact Conditional si- clause in the Past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you express the idea that an action would have happened (conditional perfect tense) if another action had occurred in the past, the past perfect subjunctive follows the clause that begins with si."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the conditional perfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habría hecho", "tú habrías comido", "ella habría hablado", "nosotros habríamos escrito", "vosotros habríais cocinado", "ellas habrían contestado", "I would have done", "you would have eaten", "she would have spoken", "we would have written", "you would have cooked", "they would have answered"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9342105263157895, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The si -clause expresses the idea that something would have happened if something else had happened. Remember that the subjunctive form follows si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si yo hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo habría ido a verlo.", "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él habría llegado", "a tiempo.", "Ella habría sabido la respuesta", "si hubiera leído el cuento.", "Habríamos mirado la película", "si hubiéramos podido hallar", "la grabación.", "If I had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him.", "If Paul had followed the directions.", "he would have arrived on time.", "She would have known the answer", "if she had read the short story.", "We would have watched the movie", "if we had been able to find", "the tape."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the si -clause"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In everyday speech, the perfect conditional (for example, habría hecho) is sometimes replaced by the past perfect subjunctive (hubiera hecho). In these sentences, when a si -clause is present, both clauses will contain the same tense—the past perfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the following sentences to the ones you have just studied. Note that the English translations are the same. Both forms are correct."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si él hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo habría ido a verlo.", "Si él hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo hubiera ido a verlo.", "If he had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him.", "If he had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9342105263157895, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0534-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él habría llegado", "a tempo.", "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él hubiera", "llegado a tiempo.", "Carmen habría sabido la", "respuesta si hubiera leído", "el cuento.", "Carmen hubiera sabido la", "respuesta si hubiera leído", "el cuento.", "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "en la mesa, ella las habría", "encontrado.", "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "en la mesa, ella las hubiera", "encontrado.", "If Paul had followed the directions", "he would have arrived on time.", "If Paul had followed the directions", "he would have arrived on time.", "Carmen would have known the", "answer if she had read the", "story.", "Carmen would have known the", "answer if she had read the", "story.", "If Ana had put the eyeglasses", "on the table, she would have", "found them.", "If Ana had put the eyeglasses", "on the table, she would have", "found them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 17, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 534, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.3", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans3", "instruction": "Review the conditional perfect tense, then translate the following sentences into Spanish. Remember that object pronouns are placed directly before the verb form and are never attached to the past participle.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE We would have eaten. Habríamos comido."], "prompts": ["1. I would have gone. ___________________", "2. You would have eaten. ___________________", "3. We would have laughed. ___________________", "4. They would have told you. ___________________", "5. The teachers would have taught. ___________________", "6. Marisa would have been happy. ___________________", "7. Hillary would have been president. ___________________", "8. It would have been possible. ___________________", "9. The women would have learned it. ___________________", "10. The men would have left. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos le habrían dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.3 1. Yo habría ido. 2. Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido. 3. Nos habríamos reído. 4. Ellos le habrían dicho. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente. 8. Habría sido posible. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido. 10. Los hombres habrían salido.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos le habrían dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo habría ido. 2. Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido. 3. Nos habríamos reído. 4. Ellos le habrían dicho. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente. 8. Habría sido posible. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido. 10. Los hombres habrían salido."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.4", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. These sentences include a contrary-to-fact si -clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE We would have eaten in the restaurant if we had gone there before. Habríamos comido en el restaurante si hubiéramos ido allá antes.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I would have gone to the party if I had not been afraid.", "2. You (Ud.) would have eaten the fish if we had cooked it at home.", "3. We would have laughed if the movie had been funny.", "4. They would have told you the truth if you (tú) had wanted to know it.", "5. The teachers would have taught if the students had arrived.", "6. Marisa would have been happy if she had known how to skate.", "7. Hillary would have been president if more people had voted for her.", "8. It would have been possible that they had seen me.", "9. The women would have learned it if they had bought the book.", "10. The men would have left the house if they had had somewhere to go."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.4 1. Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo. 2. Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa. 3. Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida. 4. Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella. 8. Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro. 10. Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo. 2. Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa. 3. Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida. 4. Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella. 8. Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro. 10. Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reference Chart: Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Mood"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Present and Future", "PRESENT INDICATIVE", "PRESENT PERFECT", "PRESENT PROGRESSIVE", "SIMPLE FUTURE", "FUTURE PERIPHRASTIC", "IMPERATIVE", "Ud. espera", "Ud. ha esperado", "Ud. está esperando", "Ud. esperará", "Ud. va a esperar", "Espere (Ud.)", "Present Subjunctive", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the present perfect subjunctive, depending on the meaning you want to express."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Present and Future", "PRESENT INDICATIVE", "PRESENT PERFECT", "PRESENT PROGRESSIVE", "SIMPLE FUTURE", "FUTURE PERIPHRASTIC", "IMPERATIVE", "Yo espero", "He esperado", "Estoy esperando", "Esperaré", "Voy a esperar", "Espere (Ud.)", "Present Perfect Subjunctive", "que Sara haya llamado.", "que ella haya llamado.", "que Juan haya llamado.", "que ellos hayan llamado.", "que tú hayas llamado.", "que él haya llamado."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit) or conditional, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Past and Conditional", "IMPERFECT", "PRETERIT", "PAST PERFECT", "PAST PROGRESSIVE", "CONDITIONAL", "PERFECT CONDITIONAL", "Ud. insistía", "Ud. insistió", "Ud. había insistido", "Ud. estaba insistiendo", "Ud. estuvo insistiendo", "Ud. insistiría", "Ud. habría insistido", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "que él cantara.", "que el cantante cantara.", "que el cantante cantara.", "que ellos cantaran.", "que ellos cantaran.", "que cantáramos.", "que la cantante cantara."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit) or conditional, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the past perfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0537-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Past and Conditional", "IMPERFECT", "PRETERIT", "PAST PERFECT", "PAST PROGRESSIVE", "CONDITIONAL", "PERFECT CONDITIONAL", "Ud. insistía", "Ud. insistió", "Ud. había insistido", "Ud. estaba insistiendo", "Ud. estuvo insistiendo", "Ud. insistiría", "Ud. habría insistido", "Past Perfect Subjunctive", "que la bailarina hubiera", "bailado.", "que el bailarín hubiera", "bailado.", "que ellos hubieran bailado.", "que todos hubieran", "bailado.", "que todos hubieran", "bailado.", "que hubiéramos bailado.", "que yo hubiera bailado."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 537, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.5", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present tense.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Te digo que te cuides. (cuidarse)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el hombre ___________________ en el maratón. (correr)", "3. El cocinero espera que te ___________________ su comida. (gustar)", "4. Te digo que no ___________________. (quejarse)", "5. Es imposible que nosotros ___________________ todo. (saber)", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos le ___________________ al dueño. (ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes ___________________. (venir)", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que ___________________ cien dólares? (tener)", "9. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "10. La pareja sugiere que los invitados ___________________ bien. (vestirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "corra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te quejes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se vistan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.5 1. estén 2. corra 3. guste 4. te quejes 5. sepamos 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. tenga 9. se sientan 10. se vistan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "corra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te quejes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se vistan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estén 2. corra 3. guste 4. te quejes 5. sepamos 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. tenga 9. se sientan 10. se vistan"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.6", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the imperative.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Dile al niño que ___________________. (acostarse)", "2. Dígale al taxista que nos ___________________ a nuestro destino. (llevar)", "3. Pídele al hombre malo que ___________________. (irse)", "4. Aconséjenles a los acusados que ___________________ un buen abogado. (conseguir)", "5. Deja que ellos ___________________. (entrar)", "6. No permitas que los niños ___________________. (caerse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se acueste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "lleve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "consigan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "entren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se caigan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.6 1. se acueste 2. lleve 3. se vaya 4. consigan 5. entren 6. se caigan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se acueste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "lleve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "consigan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "entren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se caigan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se acueste 2. lleve 3. se vaya 4. consigan 5. entren 6. se caigan"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.7", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the simple future or future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive).", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Será imposible que los adolescentes ___________________ a sus padres? (escuchar)", "2. Susana no irá a menos que su mejor amigo ___________________. (ir)", "3. Voy a pedir que la gente no ___________________ más. (fumar)", "4. Margarita insistirá que su compañero ___________________ el oficio de la casa. (hacer)", "5. El juego no se acabará hasta que la mujer gorda ___________________. (cantar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.7 1. escuchen 2. vaya 3. fume 4. haga 5. cante", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. escuchen 2. vaya 3. fume 4. haga 5. cante"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.8", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present perfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo he querido que Uds. ___________________ a mi novio. (conocer)", "2. ¿Has deseado que tu familia ___________________ viajar contigo? (poder)", "3. Le hemos dicho a la juventud que ___________________ ocho horas cada noche. (dormir)", "4. Juana les ha sugerido a sus padres que no ___________________ tanto. (trabajar)", "5. Las dos familias han esperado siempre que sus hijos ___________________ felices. (ser)", "6. ¿Quién se ha alegrado de que sus enemigos ___________________ éxito? (tener)", "7. Ha sido difícil que la gente ___________________ construir una casa nueva. (lograr)", "8. Ha sido bueno que nosotros ___________________ todo. (aprender)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "duerma", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "trabajen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "logre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "aprendamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.8 1. conozcan 2. pueda 3. duerma 4. trabajen 5. sean 6. tengan 7. logre 8. aprendamos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "duerma", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "trabajen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "logre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "aprendamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. conozcan 2. pueda 3. duerma 4. trabajen 5. sean 6. tengan 7. logre 8. aprendamos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.9", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Fue necesario que los bomberos ___________________ en la casa quemada. (entrar)", "2. El soldado dudó que ___________________ mucho peligro. (haber)", "3. Mandé que el camarero me ___________________ la cuenta. (traer)", "4. Ella salió sin que nosotros ___________________. (fijarse)", "5. Yo te rogué que ___________________ a mi lado. (sentarse)", "6. El dueño mandó que nosotros ___________________ del edificio en seguida. (salir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "entraran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hubiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trajera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nos fijáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te sentaras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "saliéramos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.9 1. entraran 2. hubiera 3. trajera 4. nos fijáramos 5. te sentaras 6. saliéramos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "entraran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hubiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trajera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nos fijáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te sentaras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "saliéramos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. entraran 2. hubiera 3. trajera 4. nos fijáramos 5. te sentaras 6. saliéramos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.10", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Julia esperaba que su amigo ___________________. (mejorarse)", "2. Ellos temían que Ud. no ___________________. (regresar)", "3. Los profesores se alegraban de que a sus alumnos les ___________________ su clase. (encantar)", "4. Estábamos contentos de que Miguel le ___________________ el anillo. (dar)", "5. José lo sentía que nosotros no ___________________. (animarse)", "6. Yo no creía que tú me ___________________. (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se mejorara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "regresara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "encantara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos animáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vieras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.10 1. se mejorara 2. regresara 3. encantara 4. diera 5. nos animáramos 6. vieras", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se mejorara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "regresara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "encantara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos animáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vieras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se mejorara 2. regresara 3. encantara 4. diera 5. nos animáramos 6. vieras"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.11", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the conditional.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Sería posible que la guerra no ___________________? (empezar)", "2. ¿Sería posible que la gente poderosa ___________________ de la guerra? (desistir)", "3. Sería probable que los turistas de la ciudad ___________________ en el campo. (perderse)", "4. Ella lo haría si ___________________ necesario. (ser)", "5. La mujer viajaría si ___________________ caminar. (poder)", "6. El hombre tocaría el violín como si ___________________ en el concierto. (estar)", "7. ¿Te gustaría que nosotros ___________________ con tu jefe? (hablar)", "8. Yo iría a Bolivia si yo ___________________ bien el español. (saber)", "9. ¿Qué haría Ud. si su mejor amigo no le ___________________ nada? (decir)", "10. ¿Cambiarías tu manera de vivir si tú ___________________ mucho dinero? (ganar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "desistiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se perdieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "pudiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "habláramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ganaras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.11 1. empezara 2. desistiera 3. se perdieran 4. fuera 5. pudiera 6. estuviera 7. habláramos 8. supiera 9. dijera 10. ganaras", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "desistiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se perdieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "pudiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "habláramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ganaras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. empezara 2. desistiera 3. se perdieran 4. fuera 5. pudiera 6. estuviera 7. habláramos 8. supiera 9. dijera 10. ganaras"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.12", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El autor leyó el artículo para que pudiéramos entenderlo.", "2. Antes de que su novia fuera a España, Federico estudió el español por dos años.", "3. Íbamos a jugar al tenis hasta que empezara a llover.", "4. El doctor sabía que al paciente se le había hinchado la rodilla.", "5. Elena aprendería a hablar español, pero no le gusta estudiar.", "6. Fue necesario que el mejor arquitecto diseñara el museo.", "7. No sería posible que sucediera tal desastre.", "8. El juez esperó que los testigos hubieran visto todo.", "9. Los turistas llegarían a las dos si los trenes no se demoraran tanto.", "10. Yo hubiera ido de vacaciones con ella si ella me hubiera invitado.", "11. ¿Le habrías hecho el favor si Andrés te hubiera pedido?", "12. ¿Sería posible que Uds. aprendieran y entendieran todas las lecciones?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The author read the article so that we could understand it", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We were going to play tennis until it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.12 1. The author read the article so that we could understand it. 2. Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years. 3. We were going to play tennis until it began to rain. 4. The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen. 5. Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study. 6. It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum. 7. It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur. 8. The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything. 9. The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed. 10. I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me. 11. Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you? 12. Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The author read the article so that we could understand it", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We were going to play tennis until it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The author read the article so that we could understand it. 2. Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years. 3. We were going to play tennis until it began to rain. 4. The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen. 5. Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study. 6. It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum. 7. It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur. 8. The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything. 9. The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed. 10. I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me. 11. Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you? 12. Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Su punto de vista"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo confieso: no pienso mucho en la comida. Si yo hubiera sido mejor cocinera, si hubiera tenido el talento para combinar ingredientes, tal vez yo hubiera podido disfrutar más las celebraciones de glotonería."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Era un día nublado de noviembre. Lo recuerdo bien. Yo vivía con cuatro mujeres en un apartamento grande y alegre, de colores exuberantes. Cada noviembre hacíamos planes para el día de acción de gracias. Mi compañera de cuarto cocinaba un pavo de dieciocho libras y se despertaba durante la noche para lardearlo. Otra amiga horneaba un pastel de calabaza. Un amigo que vivía cerca traía verduras, frutas y queso. Para la gente a quien no le gustaba el pavo, cocinábamos jamón, chuletas, pescado, pollo asado y pato. Invitábamos a todos nuestros amigos. A las cinco de la tarde, empezábamos nuestra cena con la bebida tradicional—el ponche de huevo. Aquella noche, dejé mi plato de cebollas y judías verdes y me fui."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Huí a un restaurante y cené sola, pero no me importó. Por lo menos, no me tocó comer pavo. Hubo muchas tentaciones como mejillones en vino blanco, camarones y langosta en salsa verde y calamares fritos. Ofrecieron una ensalada con manzanas, nueces y pasas, aceitunas y tomates. Para el plato fuerte, ordené la paella para dos porque lleva mariscos, guisantes y chorizo. Después de descansar un rato, comí el flan de España y el helado de fresas. Bebí agua mineral; no tomé ni vino, ni cerveza, ni champaña, ni licor y no me emborraché. Volví a casa; mis amigos estuvieron contentos de verme, les había gustado mi plato de verduras y todos se acostaron agradecidos."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0542-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["combinar", "emborracharse", "hornear", "lardear", "ordenar", "tocarle (a uno)", "to combine", "to get drunk", "to bake", "to baste", "to order", "to have to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 542, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0542-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la aceituna", "los calamares", "los camarones", "la cebolla", "el chorizo", "la chuleta", "la glotonería", "los guisantes", "el jamón", "la judía verde", "la langosta", "la libra", "la manzana", "el marisco", "the olive", "the squid", "the shrimp", "the onion", "the sausage", "the pork chop", "gluttony", "the peas", "the ham", "the string bean", "the lobster", "the pound", "the apple", "the shellfish"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 14, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 542, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el mejillón", "la nuez, las nueces", "la paella", "la pasa", "el pastel de calabaza", "el pato", "el pavo", "el pescado", "el plato fuerte", "el pollo asado", "el ponche de huevo", "el queso", "las verduras", "the mussel", "the nut, the nuts", "the traditional rice dish of Spain", "the raisin", "the pumpkin pie", "the duck", "the turkey", "the fish", "the main course", "the roast chicken", "the eggnog", "the cheese", "the vegetables"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 13, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["nublado", "cloudt"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tal vez.", "ın rato", "perhaps", "a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Answer the following questions orally."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es hombre o mujer la persona principal del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Están enfadadas con ella sus compañeras de cuarto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Te gusta celebrar el día de acción de gracias?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Te molesta comer solo/sola?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Cocinas bien?"}]}, {"id": "ch30", "number": 30, "title": "Idioms", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A modismo is a word or phrase that does not translate exactly into English. Modismos are idioms; they are not slang."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms with Prepositions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0544-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a fuerza de", "a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "a la vez.", "a lo lejos", "a lo mejor", "a pie", "a principios de", "a solas", "a través de", "al aire libre", "al mismo tiempo", "al principio", "al revés", "de buen humor", "de buena gana", "de día", "de esta manera", "de hoy en adelante", "de mal humor", "de mala gana", "by dint of", "to the right", "to the left", "at the same time", "in the distance", "probably", "on foot", "at the beginning of", "alone", "across", "in the open air", "at the same time", "at the beginning, early on", "inside out", "in a good mood", "willingly", "by day", "in this way", "from now on", "in a bad mood", "unwillingly"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 544, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0545-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de ninguna manera", "de noche", "de nuevo", "de pie", "de pronto", "de repente", "de todos modos", "¿de veras?", "derecho", "día/semana/mes/año", "de por medio", "en cambio", "en cuanto a", "en etecto", "en seguida", "por ninguna parte", "por todas partes", "recto", "by no means", "by night", "again", "standing", "suddenly", "suddenly", "anyway", "really?", "straight ahead", "every other day/week/month/year", "on the other hand", "in regard to", "~ jact, as a matter of fac", "ight awar", "nowhere, not anywhere", "everywhere", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 545, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.1", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Al principio, todo era maravilloso.", "2. Te pusiste la camisa al revés.", "3. A fuerza del estudio, ella aprendió bien la historia.", "4. Fuimos a Madrid a pie.", "5. No me hables ahora; estoy de mal genio.", "6. Ellos no encontraron sus llaves por ninguna parte.", "7. No sé qué hacer en cuanto a sus problemas.", "8. De día trabajo, de noche duermo.", "9. Si queremos llegar a tiempo, tenemos que ir a la derecha.", "10. La muchacha puede escuchar música y estudiar a la vez.", "11. Pienso estar en México a principios de julio.", "12. Él me prestó su carro de mala gana.", "13. Les gusta cenar al aire libre.", "14. En efecto, Pablo lo supo ayer pero no me dijo nada.", "15. Un barco nos llevó a través del río.", "16. Estoy de muy buen humor hoy.", "17. Ud. debe caminar a la izquierda.", "18. A lo mejor, Enrique y Salomé vendrán la semana que viene.", "19. Lo hacemos de buena gana.", "20. El hombre prefiere caminar derecho.", "21. A lo lejos, la veo venir.", "22. Me gusta descansar. A mi amiga en cambio le gusta trabajar.", "23. Les digo que lo hagan de esta manera.", "24. Escribo guiones para la televisión. ¿De veras?", "25. Miguel no tiene mucho dinero, pero decidió viajar de todos modos.", "26. Tú no tuviste éxito la primera vez, pero trataste de nuevo.", "27. De hoy en adelante, vamos a correr cada día.", "28. Asistimos a las clases día de por medio.", "29. De repente, empezó a llover.", "30. Se ve lo bueno y lo malo por todas partes."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "At the beginning, everything was wonderful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "You put on your blouse inside out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "By dint of study, she learned history well", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "We went to Madrid on foot", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "They didn’t find their keys anywhere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "By day, I work; by night, I sleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "He lent me his car unwillingly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "They like to dine in the open air", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "A boat carried us across the river", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "I am in a very good mood today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "You should walk to the left", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Probably Henry and Salome will come next week", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "We do it willingly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "The man prefers to walk straight ahead", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "In the distance, I see her coming", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "I tell them to do it in this way", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "I write scripts for television. Really?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "From now on, we are going to run every day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "We attend class every other day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "Suddenly, it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "One sees the good and the bad everywhere", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.1 1. At the beginning, everything was wonderful. 2. You put on your blouse inside out. 3. By dint of study, she learned history well. 4. We went to Madrid on foot. 5. Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood. 6. They didn’t find their keys anywhere. 7. I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems. 8. By day, I work; by night, I sleep. 9. If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right. 10. The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time. 11. I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July. 12. He lent me his car unwillingly. 13. They like to dine in the open air. 14. In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me. 15. A boat carried us across the river. 16. I am in a very good mood today. 17. You should walk to the left. 18. Probably Henry and Salome will come next week. 19. We do it willingly. 20. The man prefers to walk straight ahead. 21. In the distance, I see her coming. 22. I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work. 23. I tell them to do it in this way. 24. I write scripts for television. Really? 25. Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway. 26. You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again. 27. From now on, we are going to run every day. 28. We attend class every other day. 29. Suddenly, it began to rain. 30. One sees the good and the bad everywhere.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "At the beginning, everything was wonderful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "You put on your blouse inside out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "By dint of study, she learned history well", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "We went to Madrid on foot", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "They didn’t find their keys anywhere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "By day, I work; by night, I sleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "He lent me his car unwillingly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "They like to dine in the open air", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "A boat carried us across the river", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "I am in a very good mood today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "You should walk to the left", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Probably Henry and Salome will come next week", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "We do it willingly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "The man prefers to walk straight ahead", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "In the distance, I see her coming", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "I tell them to do it in this way", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "I write scripts for television. Really?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "From now on, we are going to run every day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "We attend class every other day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "Suddenly, it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "One sees the good and the bad everywhere", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. At the beginning, everything was wonderful. 2. You put on your blouse inside out. 3. By dint of study, she learned history well. 4. We went to Madrid on foot. 5. Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood. 6. They didn’t find their keys anywhere. 7. I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems. 8. By day, I work; by night, I sleep. 9. If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right. 10. The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time. 11. I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July. 12. He lent me his car unwillingly. 13. They like to dine in the open air. 14. In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me. 15. A boat carried us across the river. 16. I am in a very good mood today. 17. You should walk to the left. 18. Probably Henry and Salome will come next week. 19. We do it willingly. 20. The man prefers to walk straight ahead. 21. In the distance, I see her coming. 22. I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work. 23. I tell them to do it in this way. 24. I write scripts for television. Really? 25. Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway. 26. You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again. 27. From now on, we are going to run every day. 28. We attend class every other day. 29. Suddenly, it began to rain. 30. One sees the good and the bad everywhere."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms with Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With tener"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener _", "_ años", "tener calor", "tener celos", "tener cuidado", "tener dolor de (cabeza)", "tener envidia", "tener éxito", "tener frío", "tener ganas de", "tener hambre", "tener la culpa", "tener la palabra", "tener lugar", "tener mala cara", "tener miedo de", "to be", "- Years old", "to be hot", "to be jealous", "to be careful", "to have a (head)ache", "to be envious", "to be successful, to have success", "to be cold", "to want, to desire", "to be hungry", "to take the blame, to be at fault", "to have the floor", "to take place", "to look bad", "to be afraid of, to have fear of"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 16, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 547, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0548-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener 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hug, to embrace", "to take a walk", "to take a walk", "to realize", "to shake hands", "to give up", "to hurry"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 548, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With echar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0548-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["echar de menos", "echar flores", "echar la culpa", "echarse a llorar", "to miss (a person or place,", "to flatter", "to blame", "to burst out crying"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 548, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With hacer"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hace buen/mal tiempo", "hace calor", "hace frío", "hace viento", "it's good/bad weather", "it's hot/warm", "it's cold", "it's windy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 548, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer caso a", "hacer daño a", "hacer el bien/el mal", "hacer falta", "hacer un papel", "hacer un viaje", "hacerse + profession", "hacerse daño", "hacerse tarde", "to pay attention to", "to harm", "to do good/bad", "to be lacking", "to play a part", "to take a trip", "to become", "to hurt oneself", "to become late"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7777777777777778, "cardCount": 9, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With hay"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hay cupo", "hay que", "there is space", "it is necessary"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With llevar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["llevar a cabo", "llevar la contraria", "Ilevarse (algo)", "llevarse bien/mal con", "to carry out (a project, for example,", "to take the opposite point of vieu", "to carry (something) away", "to get along well/badly with"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9375, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With meter"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["meter la pata", "to put one's foot in one's mouth", "meter las narices", "to snoop around", "meterse en donde no le llaman", "to meddle"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With poner"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner a alguien por las nubes", "poner en claro", "poner en duda", "poner en ridículo", "poner las cartas sobre la mesa", "poner pleito", "ponerse a", "to heap praise on someone", "to make clear", "to put in doubt", "to make look ridiculous", "to put the cards on the table", "to sue", "to start to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8571428571428571, "cardCount": 7, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With quedar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["quedar boquiabierto", "quedar en", "quedarse con", "quedarse con el día y la noche", "to be left astonished", "to agree on", "to keep", "to be left penniless"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 4, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With tomar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0550-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tomar en serio", "tomarle el pelo", "tomárselo con calma", "to take seriously", "to pull someones leg", "to take it easy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 550, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.2", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans2", "instruction": "Match each of the following sentences with the idiom that best describes it.", "extra": [], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": ["2.", "3.", "4.", "6.", "Es agosto en Nueva York.", "Estamos cansados.", "Él no se equivoca.", "No hay agua en el desierto.", "No hice nada malo.", "A mi amigo le gusta apostar.", "a. No tiene mucha suerte.", "b. No tengo la culpa.", "c. Tenemos calor.", "d. Siempre tiene razón.", "e. Los animales tienen sed", "f. Tenemos sueño.", "tener mucho/poco/algo/", "nada que hacer", "tener por", "tener prisa", "tener que ver con", "tener rabia", "tener razón", "tener sed", "tener sueño", "tener suerte", "tener vergüenza", "With dar", "dar a", "dar con", "dar de comer", "dar gritos", "dar la cara", "dar la hora", "dar las gracias", "dar un abrazo", "dar un paseo", "dar una vuelta", "darse cuenta de", "darse la mano", "darse por vencido", "darse prisa", "With echar", "to have a lot/a littlelsomething/", "nothing to do", "to take someone for, to consider someone", "to be", "to be in a hurry", "to have to do with", "to be in a rage, to be very angry", "to be right", "to be thirsty", "to be sleepy", "to be lucky", "to be ashamed", "to lead to (places)", "to run into", "to feed", "to shout", "to face", "to strike the hour", "to give thanks", "to give a hug, to embrace", "to take a walk", "to realize", "to shake hands", "to give up", "to hurry"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "c", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "f", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "d", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "e", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "b", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "a", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.2 1. c 2. f 3. d 4. e 5. b 6. a", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "c", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "f", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "d", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "e", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "b", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "a", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. c 2. f 3. d 4. e 5. b 6. a"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.3", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Cristina le hace caso a su maestro porque le agrada.", "2. Elisa se lleva bien con su suegra.", "3. Al niño le gustaba dar de comer a los pájaros en el parque.", "4. El hotel da a la plaza.", "5. Guillermo se hizo abogado.", "6. Hace mucho tiempo que la visitante no ve a su patria. La extraña mucho y quiere darles un abrazo a todos sus amigos.", "7. Me gustó el chaleco guatemalteco; le di doscientos pesos al vendedor y me lo llevé.", "8. Me di cuenta de que todo no estaba bien.", "9. La niña se echó a llorar.", "10. Los mariscos me hacen daño."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The boy liked to feed the birds in the park", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The hotel faces the plaza", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Bill became a lawyer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I realized that everything was not all right", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The child burst out crying", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Shellfish harms me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.3 1. The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him. 2. Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law. 3. The boy liked to feed the birds in the park. 4. The hotel faces the plaza. 5. Bill became a lawyer. 6. The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug. 7. I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away. 8. I realized that everything was not all right. 9. The child burst out crying. 10. Shellfish harms me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The boy liked to feed the birds in the park", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The hotel faces the plaza", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Bill became a lawyer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I realized that everything was not all right", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The child burst out crying", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Shellfish harms me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him. 2. Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law. 3. The boy liked to feed the birds in the park. 4. The hotel faces the plaza. 5. Bill became a lawyer. 6. The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug. 7. I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away. 8. I realized that everything was not all right. 9. The child burst out crying. 10. Shellfish harms me."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Time Expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The idea of how long someone has been doing something can be expressed by three different Spanish constructions, all using the simple present tense. The English translation is expressed best by the present perfect tense. The action begins in the past and continues into the present."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All three constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following question in the present:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "How long has your professor been writing her book?"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0551-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva su profesora", "escribiendo su libro?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo escribe ella su", "libro?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que ella", "How much time does the", "professor carry writing", "her book?", "Since when does she write", "her book?", "How much time does it make"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9795918367346939, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 551, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The same three constructions, shown with their literal translations, express the following statement in the present:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "She has been writing her book for four years."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. La autora lleva cuatro años", "escribiendo su libro.", "2. Ella escribe su libro desde hace", "cuatro años.", "3. Hace cuatro años que ella escribe", "su libro", "The author carries four years", "writing her book.", "She writes her book since it", "makes four years.", "It makes four years that she", "writes her book"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express how long someone had been doing something, Spanish uses the imperfect tense. The English translation of this construction is expressed best by the past perfect tense. The action was continuing in the past when something else happened."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following question in the past:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "How long had Lorena been waiting for the bus when it arrived?"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Lorena", "esperando el bus cuando llegó?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo esperaba ella", "el bus cuando llegó?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que ella", "esperaba el bus cuando llegó?", "How much time was Lorena", "carrying waiting for the bus", "when it arrived?", "Since when was she waiting", "for the bus when it arrived?", "How much time did it make", "that she was waiting for the", "huswhen it arried?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following statement in the past:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "She had been waiting for 30 minutes when the bus arrived."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. Lorena llevaba media hora", "esperando cuando el bus llegó.", "2. Ella esperaba desde hacía media", "hora cuando el bus llegó.", "Lorena carried a half hour", "waiting when the bus", "arrived.", "She was waiting since it made", "a half hour when the bus", "arrined."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0553-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["3. Hacía media hora que ella", "esperaba cuando el bus llegó.", "It made a half hour that she", "was waiting when the bus", "arrited"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 553, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.4", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the present tense and one of the forms of expressing “how long.” Try to practice all three possible forms as you complete the exercise.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES How long has Jaime lived in the United States?", "¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Jaime vive en los Estados Unidos?", "OR ¿Desde cuándo vive Jaime en los Estados Unidos?", "OR ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Jaime viviendo en los Estados Unidos?", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. How long has the child been watching television?", "2. How long has Adam been sleeping?", "3. How long have you been wearing glasses?", "4. How long have Isabel and Carlos been waiting?", "5. How long have they been friends?", "6. He has been sleeping for eight hours.", "7. I’ve been wearing glasses for two years.", "8. They have been waiting for 15 minutes."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "30.4 Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que el muchacho mira televisión? 2. ¿Desde cuándo duerme Adam? 3. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Ud. llevando gafas? 4. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Isabel y Carlos esperan? 5. ¿Desde cuándo son amigos ellos? 6. Hace ocho horas que él duerme. 7. Llevo dos años llevando gafas. 8. Hace quince minutos que ellos esperan.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que el muchacho mira televisión? 2. ¿Desde cuándo duerme Adam? 3. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Ud. llevando gafas? 4. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Isabel y Carlos esperan? 5. ¿Desde cuándo son amigos ellos? 6. Hace ocho horas que él duerme. 7. Llevo dos años llevando gafas. 8. Hace quince minutos que ellos esperan."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.5", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que Ud. estaba en Chile cuando tuvo que salir?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo nadaban los niños cuando el bañero llegó?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Antonio leyendo cuando se durmió?", "4. Hacía dos meses que yo estaba en Paraguay cuando decidí volver a casa.", "5. El hombre frustrado esperaba el tren desde hace veinte minutos.", "6. Llevábamos quince meses viviendo en Paris."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "We had been living in Paris for 15 months", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.5 1. How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave? 2. How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived? 3. How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep? 4. I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home. 5. The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes. 6. We had been living in Paris for 15 months.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "We had been living in Paris for 15 months", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave? 2. How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived? 3. How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep? 4. I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home. 5. The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes. 6. We had been living in Paris for 15 months."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El fin del juego"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Queridos lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les haya gustado el libro. Ha sido un buen viaje y me alegro de que Uds. hayan llegado hasta el fin. Les dejo con una parte interesante de la historia de Sócrates en la cual él explica por qué no le va a molestar el fin de su vida."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ahora, me despido de Uds. y les deseo todo lo mejor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hasta el próximo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La autora"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La defensa de Sócrates escrito por Platón"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La asamblea vota por la inocencia o la culpabilidad de Sócrates. Lo condena a la pena de muerte. Lo siguiente es la respuesta de Sócrates ante la asamblea, antes de que se lo lleve a la cárcel."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "SÓCRATES La gente dirá que Uds. condenan a muerte a Sócrates, un hombre sabio. Dirán que soy sabio si lo soy o no. Si Uds. hubieran esperado por un rato, sus deseos hubieran sido realizados en el camino de la naturaleza. Pueden ver que soy un hombre viejo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gustaría discutir con Uds., los cuales me han absuelto, lo que ha pasado. Concédanme, les suplico, un momento de atención, porque nada impide que conversemos juntos, puesto que queda tiempo. Quiero decirles, como amigos, lo que acaba de sucederme, y explicarles lo que significa. Sí, jueces míos, me ha sucedido hoy una cosa maravillosa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos engañamos todos sin duda si creemos que la muerte es un mal. Una prueba evidente de ello es que si yo hubiera de realizar hoy algún bien, el dios no hubiera dejado de advertírmelo como acostumbra."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La muerte es un tránsito del alma de un lugar a otro. ¿Qué mayor ventaja puede presentar la muerte? Si la muerte es una cosa semejante, la llamo con razón un bien; porque entonces el tiempo todo entero, no es más que una larga noche."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pero si la muerte es un tránsito de un lugar a otro, y si, según se dice, allá en un lugar está el paradero de todos los que han vivido, ¿qué mayor bien se puede imaginar, jueces míos? ¿Qué transporte de alegría no tendría yo cuando me encontrara con los héroes de la antigüedad, que han sido las víctimas de la injusticia? ¿Qué placer el poder comparar mis aventuras con las suyas? Pero aún sería un placer más grande para mí pasar allí los días, interrogando y examinando a todos estos personajes, para distinguir los que son verdaderamente sabios de los que creen serlo y no lo son. ¿Hay alguno, jueces míos, que no diera todo lo que tiene en el mundo por examinar al que condujo un ejército contra Troya, u Odiseo o Sísifo, y tantos otros, hombres y mujeres, cuya conversación y examen serían una felicidad inexplicable?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ésta es la razón, jueces míos, para que nunca pierdan las esperanzas aún después de la tumba, fundadas en esta verdad: que no hay ningún mal para el hombre de bien, ni durante la vida, ni después de su muerte; y que los dioses tienen siempre cuidado de cuanto tiene relación con él; porque lo que en este momento me sucede a mí no es obra de azar, y estoy convencido de que el mejor partido para mí es morir ahora y liberarme de todos los disgustos de esta vida."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La hora de partir ha llegado, y nos vamos cada cual por su camino— yo, a morir, y Uds. a vivir. Solo dios sabe cual es mejor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sócrates siempre decía que tenía un dios familiar, un dios personal y divino que le hacía advertencias desde su niñez. En cuanto a su juicio, esta voz no le había dicho nada."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["absolver", "acabar de + infinitive", "acostumbrar", "advertir", "conceder", "engañarse", "fundar", "impedir", "realizar", "significar", "suplicar", "to absolve", "to have just (+ infinitive", "to be accustomed", "to warn", "to concede", "to deceive oneself", "to found", "to impede", "to fulfill", "to mean, to signify", "to beg"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 11, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el azar", "el ejército", "la esperanza", "el héroe", "el paradero", "la tumba", "chance", "the army", "the hope", "the hero", "the place, the destination", "the tomb, the grave"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["en cuanto a", "puesto que", "in regard to", "since"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "source": "epub", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Sócrates ante la muerte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre su dios personal y los dioses del estado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué espera hacer después de la muerte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Por qué quiere hablar con los jueces?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué significa “no hay ningún mal para un hombre de bien, ni durante la vida, ni después de la muerte”? ¿Está Ud. de acuerdo con esta filosofía de Sócrates?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}], "sources": {"epub_images_ocr": true, "pdf_pages_ocr": true, "pdf_pages_mapped": 591}} \ No newline at end of file +{"courseName": "Complete Spanish Step-by-Step", "totalChapters": 30, "totalExercises": 251, "totalVocabTables": 931, "totalVocabCards": 3368, "parts": {"1": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], "2": [10, 11, 12, 13], "3": [14, 15], "4": [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21], "5": [22, 23, 24], "6": [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]}, "chapters": [{"id": "ch1", "number": 1, "title": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun is a person, place, or thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the definite article (English the) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural): el, la, los, las."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Nouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The masculine singular noun takes the definite article el."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most nouns that end in -o are masculine. Pronounce the following words aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amigo", "el banco", "el baño", "el carro", "el gato", "el hermano", "the friend", "the bank", "the bathroom", "the car", "the cat", "the brother", "el libro", "el muchacho", "el niño", "el perro", "el teléfono", "el vino", "the book", "the boy", "the little boy, the child", "the dog", "the telephone", "the wine"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "el amigo", "back": "the friend"}, {"front": "el libro", "back": "the book"}, {"front": "el banco", "back": "the bank"}, {"front": "el muchacho", "back": "the boy"}, {"front": "el baño", "back": "the bathroom"}, {"front": "el niño", "back": "the little boy, the child"}, {"front": "el carro", "back": "the car"}, {"front": "el perro", "back": "the dog"}, {"front": "el gato", "back": "the cat"}, {"front": "el teléfono", "back": "the telephone"}, {"front": "el hermano", "back": "the hrother"}, {"front": "el vino", "back": "the wine"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 3, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Many masculine nouns do not end in -o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el animal", "el café", "el doctor", "el hombre", "the animal", "the coffee", "the doctor", "the man", "el hospital", "el hotel", "el tomate", "el tren", "the hospital", "the hotel", "the tomato", "the train"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "el animal", "back": "the animal"}, {"front": "el hospital", "back": "the hospital"}, {"front": "el café", "back": "the coffee"}, {"front": "el hotel", "back": "the hotel"}, {"front": "el doctor", "back": "the doctor"}, {"front": "el tomate", "back": "the tomato"}, {"front": "el hombre", "back": "the man"}, {"front": "el tren", "back": "the train"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 3, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some masculine nouns end in -a or -ma."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el clima", "el día", "el drama", "el idioma", "el mapa", "the climate", "the day", "the drama", "the language", "the map", "el planeta", "el poema", "el problema", "el programa", "el sistema", "the planet", "the poem", "the problem", "the program", "the system"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "el clima", "back": "the climate"}, {"front": "el planeta", "back": "the planet"}, {"front": "el día", "back": "the day"}, {"front": "el poema", "back": "the poem"}, {"front": "el drama", "back": "the drama"}, {"front": "el problema", "back": "the problem"}, {"front": "el idioma", "back": "the language"}, {"front": "el programa", "back": "the program"}, {"front": "el mapa", "back": "the map"}, {"front": "el sistema", "back": "the system"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The feminine singular noun takes the definite article la."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most nouns that end in -a are feminine. Pronounce the following words aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la amiga", "la blusa", "la bolsa", "la cama", "la casa", "la cerveza", "la comida", "la hermana", "la iglesia", "the friend", "the blouse", "the bag", "the bed", "the house", "the beer", "the meal", "the sister", "the church", "la lámpara", "la mesa", "la muchacha", "la niña", "la persona", "la planta", "la silla", "la tienda", "la ventana", "the lamp", "the table", "the girl", "the little girl", "the person", "the plant", "the chair", "the store", "the window"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "la amiga", "back": "the friend"}, {"front": "la lámpara", "back": "the lamp"}, {"front": "la blusa", "back": "the blouse"}, {"front": "la mesa", "back": "the table"}, {"front": "la bolsa", "back": "the bag"}, {"front": "la muchacha", "back": "the girl"}, {"front": "la cama", "back": "the bed"}, {"front": "la niña", "back": "the little girl"}, {"front": "la casa", "back": "the house"}, {"front": "la persona", "back": "the person"}, {"front": "la cerveza", "back": "the beer"}, {"front": "la planta", "back": "the plant"}, {"front": "la comida", "back": "the meal"}, {"front": "la silla", "back": "the chair"}, {"front": "la hermana", "back": "the sister"}, {"front": "la tienda", "back": "the store"}, {"front": "la glesia", "back": "the church"}, {"front": "la ventana", "back": "the window"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nouns that end in -ción, -sión, -dad, -tad, or -tud are feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la canción", "la conversación", "la invitación", "la lección", "la ilusión", "the song", "the conversation", "the invitation", "the person", "the illusion", "la televisión", "la ciudad", "la verdad", "la amistad", "la actitud", "the television", "the city", "the truth", "the friendship", "the attitude"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "la canción", "back": "the song"}, {"front": "la televisión", "back": "the television"}, {"front": "la conversación", "back": "the conversation"}, {"front": "la ciudad", "back": "the city"}, {"front": "la invitación", "back": "the invitation"}, {"front": "la verdad", "back": "the truth"}, {"front": "la lección", "back": "the lesson"}, {"front": "la amistad", "back": "the friendship"}, {"front": "la ilusión", "back": "the illusion"}, {"front": "la actitud", "back": "the attitude"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A few nouns that end in -o are feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la foto", "la mano", "la radio", "the photograph", "the hand", "the radio"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "la mano", "back": "the hand"}, {"front": "la radio", "back": "the radio"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with its article."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la clase", "la flor", "la luz", "the class", "the flower", "the light", "la mujer", "la piel", "la suerte", "the woman", "the skin", "the luck"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "la clase", "back": "the class"}, {"front": "la mujer", "back": "the woman"}, {"front": "la flor", "back": "the flower"}, {"front": "la piel", "back": "the skin"}, {"front": "la luz", "back": "the light"}, {"front": "la suerte", "back": "the luck"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 4, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.1", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans1", "instruction": "Write the appropriate masculine or feminine form of the definite article for each of the following nouns. As you write the answer, make sure you know the meaning of the word.", "extra": ["A noun ending in -ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.", "A noun ending in -nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": ["1.", "2.", "3.", "5.", "9.", "10.", "amigo", "hombre", "- casa", "luz", "hotel", "hermano", "ciudad", "carro", "tomate", "cerveza", "11.", "12.", "13.", "14.", "15.", "16.", "17.", "18.", "19.", "20.", "• persona", "canción", "teléfono", "muchacho", "flor", "mujer", "baño", "_ vino", "_ comida", "conversaciór", "la canción", "la conversación", "la invitación", "la lección", "la ilusión", "the song", "the conversation", "the invitation", "the lesson", "the illusion", "la televisión", "la ciudad", "la verdad", "la amistad", "la actitud", "the television", "the city", "the truth", "the friendship", "the attitude", "la foto", "la mano", "la radio", "the photograph", "the hand", "the radio", "Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important", "to learn each noun with its article.", "la clase", "la flor", "la luz.", "the class", "the flower", "the light", "la mujer", "la piel", "la suerte", "the woman", "the skin", "the luck", "• Exercise 1.1", "Write the appropriate masculine or feminine form of the definite article for", "each of the following nouns. As you write the answer, make sure you know", "the meaning of the word", "el artista", "la artista", "el dentista", "la dentista", "the (male) artist", "the (female) artist", "the (male) dentist", "the (female) dentist", "el pianista", "la pianista", "el taxista", "la taxista", "the (male) pianist", "the (female) pianist", "the (male) cabdriver", "the (female) cabdriver", "el cantante", "la cantante", "el estudiante", "la estudiante", "el gerente", "la gerente", "el presidente", "la presidente", "the (male) singer", "the (female) singer", "the (male) student", "the (female) student", "the (male) manager", "the (female) manager", "the (male) president", "the (female) president"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.1 1. el 2. el 3. la 4. la 5. el 6. el 7. la 8. el 9. el 10. la 11. la 12. la 13. el 14. el 15. la 16. la 17. el 18. el 19. la 20. la", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el 2. el 3. la 4. la 5. el 6. el 7. la 8. el 9. el 10. la 11. la 12. la 13. el 14. el 15. la 16. la 17. el 18. el 19. la 20. la"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Nouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article los."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "el día", "_ hermano", "el libro", "_ muchacho", "el perro", "el problema", "Plural", "los días", "los hermanos", "los libros", "los muchachos", "los perros", "los problemas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds -es."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el animal", "el doctor", "el hospital", "el hotel", "el tren", "los animales", "los doctores", "los hospitales", "los hoteles", "los trenes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "el animal", "back": "los animales"}, {"front": "el doctor", "back": "los doctores"}, {"front": "el hospital", "back": "los hospitales"}, {"front": "el hotel", "back": "los hoteles"}, {"front": "el tren", "back": "los trenes"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la bolsa", "la lámpara", "la niña", "- persona", "la tienda", "la ventana", "las bolsas", "las lámparas", "las niñas", "las personas", "las tiendas", "las ventanas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "la bolsa", "back": "las bolsas"}, {"front": "la lámpara", "back": "las lámparas"}, {"front": "la niña", "back": "las niñas"}, {"front": "la persona", "back": "las personas"}, {"front": "la tienda", "back": "las tiendas"}, {"front": "la ventana", "back": "las ventanas"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds -es."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0006-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la canción", "la ciudad", "la flor", "la invitación", "la lección", "la mujer", "las canciones", "las ciudades", "las flores", "las invitaciones", "las lecciones", "las mujeres"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "la canción", "back": "las canciones"}, {"front": "la ciudad", "back": "las ciudades"}, {"front": "la flor", "back": "las flores"}, {"front": "la invitación", "back": "las invitaciones"}, {"front": "la lección", "back": "las lecciones"}, {"front": "la mujer", "back": "las mujeres"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 6, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.2", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans2", "instruction": "Write the plural form of each of the following singular nouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. e idioma", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. a uz"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "el hotel", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. e idioma", "los hoteles", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. a uz", "el cantante", "la cantante", "el estudiante", "la estudiante", "el gerente", "la gerente", "el presidente", "la presidente", "the (male) singer", "the (female) singer", "the (male) student", "the (female) student", "the (male) manager", "the (female) manager", "the (male) president", "the (female) president", "Plural Nouns", "Masculine", "A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes", "the definite article los.", "Singular", "el día", "el hermano", "el libro", "el muchacho", "el perro", "el problema", "Plural", "los días", "los hermanos", "los libros", "los muchachos", "los perros", "los problemas", "el animal", "el doctor", "el hospital", "el tren", "los animales", "los doctores", "los hospitales", "los trenes"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "los animales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "las amistades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los teléfonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las ventanas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los doctores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "las ciudades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "las bolsas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las mesas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los idiomas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "las plantas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "las flores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "los perros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "las ilusiones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "las clases", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "las lecciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "los taxistas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "las lámparas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "las luces", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.2 1. los animales 2. las amistades 3. los teléfonos 4. los trenes 5. las ventanas 6. los doctores 7. las ciudades 8. las bolsas 9. las mesas 10. los idiomas 11. las plantas 12. las flores 13. los perros 14. las ilusiones 15. las clases 16. las lecciones 17. los taxistas 18. las lámparas 19. las sillas 20. las luces", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "los animales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "las amistades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los teléfonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las ventanas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los doctores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "las ciudades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "las bolsas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las mesas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los idiomas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "las plantas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "las flores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "los perros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "las ilusiones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "las clases", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "las lecciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "los taxistas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "las lámparas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "las luces", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. los animales 2. las amistades 3. los teléfonos 4. los trenes 5. las ventanas 6. los doctores 7. las ciudades 8. las bolsas 9. las mesas 10. los idiomas 11. las plantas 12. las flores 13. los perros 14. las ilusiones 15. las clases 16. las lecciones 17. los taxistas 18. las lámparas 19. las sillas 20. las luces"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Indefinite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in the following lists aloud. By learning these nouns, you are building your vocabulary."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Indefinite Articles"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "un amigo", "un baño", "un carro", "un espejo", "un gato", "Feminine", "una amiga", "una biblioteca", "una ciudad", "una idea", "una librería", "a (male) friend", "a bathroom", "a car", "a mirror", "a cat", "a (female) friend", "a library", "a city", "an idea", "a bookstore", "a suitcase", "un jardín", "un museo", "un pianista", "un sillón", "un tiquete", "una mujer", "una página", "una persona", "una pluma", "a garden", "a museum", "a (male) pianist", "an armchair", "a ticket", "a woman", "a page", "a person (male or", "female)", "a pen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "un amigo", "back": "a (male) friend"}, {"front": "un jardín", "back": "a garden"}, {"front": "un baño", "back": "a bathroom"}, {"front": "un museo", "back": "a museum"}, {"front": "un carro", "back": "a car"}, {"front": "un pianista", "back": "a (male) pianist"}, {"front": "un espejo", "back": "a mirror"}, {"front": "un sillón", "back": "an armchair"}, {"front": "un gato", "back": "a cat"}, {"front": "un tiquete", "back": "a ticket"}, {"front": "una amiga", "back": "a (female) friend"}, {"front": "una mujer", "back": "a woman"}, {"front": "una biblioteca", "back": "a library"}, {"front": "una página", "back": "a page"}, {"front": "una ciudad", "back": "a city"}, {"front": "una persona", "back": "a person (male or"}, {"front": "una librería", "back": "a bookstore"}, {"front": "una pluma", "back": "a pen"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 7, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Indefinite Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish plural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a feminine plural noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["unos barcos", "some boats", "unos gatos", "some cats", "unos idiomas", "unos libros", "some languages", "some books"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "unos barcos", "back": "some boats"}, {"front": "unos idiomas", "back": "some languages"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 8, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0008-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["unas artistas", "unas casas", "unas conversaciones", "las flores", "some (female) artists", "some houses", "some conversations", "some flowers"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "unas artistas", "back": "some (female) artists"}, {"front": "unas casas", "back": "some houses"}, {"front": "unas conversaciones", "back": "some conversations"}, {"front": "las flores", "back": "some flowers"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 8, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.3", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following nouns into English. Remember to practice pronouncing the words.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. el idioma", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. la luz"], "ocrLines": ["1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15 la for", "Feminine", "A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the", "definite article las.", "la bolsa", "la lámpara", "la niña", "la persona", "la tienda", "la ventana", "las bolsas", "las lámparas", "las niñas", "las personas", "las tiendas", "las ventanas", "la canción", "la ciudad", "la flor", "la invitación", "la lección", "la mujer", "las canciones", "las ciudades", "las flores", "las invitaciones", "las lecciones", "las mujeres", "& Exercise 1.2", "Write the plural form of each of the following singular nouns.", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "EXAMPLE", "el hotel", "1. el animal", "2. la amistad", "3. el teléfono", "4. el tren", "5. la ventana", "6. el doctor", "7. la ciudad", "8. la bolsa", "9. la mesa", "10. el idioma", "los hoteles", "11. la planta", "12. la flor", "13. el perro", "14. la ilusión", "15. la clase", "16. la lección", "17. el taxista", "18. la lámpara", "19. la silla", "20. la luz", "The Indefinite Article", "The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a", "masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in", "the following lists aloud. By learning these nouns, you are building your", "vocabulary.", "Singular Indefinite Articles"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "the book", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "the page", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "the house", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "the flowers", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "the bathroom", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "the wine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "the boy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "the brother", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "the library", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "the coffee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "the train", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "the planet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "the (male) dentist", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "the garden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "the flower", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "the beer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "the plant", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "the friendship", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "the truth", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "the luck", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "the (male) manager", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "the store", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "the window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "a museum", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "a mirror", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "a bookstore", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "a pen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "a lesson", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "an idea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "a suitcase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "the armchair", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "the friends", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.3 1. the book 2. the page 3. the house 4. the flowers 5. the bathroom 6. the wine 7. the boy 8. the brother 9. the library 10. the coffee 11. the train 12. the planet 13. the (male) dentist 14. the garden 15. the flower 16. the beer 17. the plant 18. the friendship 19. the truth 20. the luck 21. the (male) manager 22. the store 23. the window 24. a museum 25. a mirror 26. a bookstore 27. a pen 28. a lesson 29. an idea 30. a suitcase 31. the armchair 32. the friends", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "the book", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "the page", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "the house", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "the flowers", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "the bathroom", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "the wine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "the boy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "the brother", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "the library", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "the coffee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "the train", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "the planet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "the (male) dentist", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "the garden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "the flower", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "the beer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "the plant", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "the friendship", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "the truth", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "the luck", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "the (male) manager", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "the store", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "the window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "a museum", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "a mirror", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "a bookstore", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "a pen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "a lesson", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "an idea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "a suitcase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "the armchair", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "the friends", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. the book 2. the page 3. the house 4. the flowers 5. the bathroom 6. the wine 7. the boy 8. the brother 9. the library 10. the coffee 11. the train 12. the planet 13. the (male) dentist 14. the garden 15. the flower 16. the beer 17. the plant 18. the friendship 19. the truth 20. the luck 21. the (male) manager 22. the store 23. the window 24. a museum 25. a mirror 26. a bookstore 27. a pen 28. a lesson 29. an idea 30. a suitcase 31. the armchair 32. the friends"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An adjective is a word that describes a noun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Singular Form of Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the adjective follows the noun it describes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0009-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el libro blanco", "el gato negro", "el carro rojo", "el muchacho simpático", "el hombre hermoso", "the white book", "the black cat", "the red car", "the nice boy", "the handsome man"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "el libro blanco", "back": "the white book"}, {"front": "el gato negro", "back": "the black cat"}, {"front": "el carro rojo", "back": "the red car"}, {"front": "el muchacho simpático", "back": "the nice boy"}, {"front": "el hombre hermoso", "back": "the handsome man"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 9, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "la casa blanca", "back": "the white house"}, {"front": "la chaqueta negra", "back": "the black jacket"}, {"front": "la lámpara roja", "back": "the red lamp"}, {"front": "la muchacha simpática", "back": "the nice girl"}, {"front": "la mujer hermosa", "back": "the beautiful woman"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn’t matter what letter ends the adjective, as long as it is not - o."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los colores (The colors)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["amarillo", "anaranjado", "azul", "blanco", "gris", "marrón, pardo", "yellow", "orange", "blue", "white", "gray", "brown", "morado", "moreno", "negro", "rojo", "rosado", "verde", "purple", "brown-skinned", "black", "red", "pink", "green"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "amarillo", "back": "yellow"}, {"front": "morado", "back": "purple"}, {"front": "anaranjado", "back": "orange"}, {"front": "moreno", "back": "brown-skinned"}, {"front": "azul", "back": "blue"}, {"front": "negro", "back": "black"}, {"front": "blanco", "back": "white"}, {"front": "rojo", "back": "red"}, {"front": "gris", "back": "gray"}, {"front": "rosado", "back": "pink"}, {"front": "marrón, pardo", "back": "brown"}, {"front": "verde", "back": "green"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Other Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradable", "alegre", "barato", "caro", "débil", "agreeable, pleasant", "happy", "inexpensive", "expensive", "weak", "delgado", "difícil", "estupendo", "excelente", "fácil", "slender", "difficult", "great, terrific", "excellent", "easy"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9923076923076923, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "agradable", "back": "agreeable, pleasant"}, {"front": "delgado", "back": "slender"}, {"front": "alegre", "back": "happy"}, {"front": "difícil", "back": "difficult"}, {"front": "barato", "back": "inexpensive"}, {"front": "estupendo", "back": "great, terrific"}, {"front": "caro", "back": "expensive"}, {"front": "excelente", "back": "excellent"}, {"front": "débil", "back": "weak"}, {"front": "fácil", "back": "easy"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 10, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fantástico", "feliz", "feo", "flaco", "frágil", "fuerte", "gordo", "grande", "guapo", "hermoso", "horrible", "inteligente", "fantastic", "happy", "ugly", "thin", "fragile", "strong", "fat", "big", "handsome,", "beautiful", "beautiful", "horrible", "intelligent", "interesante", "joven", "maravilloso", "pequeño", "pobre", "rico", "simpático", "sincero", "tacaño", "típico", "triste", "viejo", "interesting", "young", "marvelous, wonderful", "little, small", "poor", "rich", "nice", "sincere", "stingy", "typical", "sad", "old"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 22, "cards": [{"front": "fantástico", "back": "fantastic"}, {"front": "interesante", "back": "interesting"}, {"front": "feliz", "back": "happy"}, {"front": "joven", "back": "young"}, {"front": "feo", "back": "ugly"}, {"front": "maravilloso", "back": "marvelous, wonderful"}, {"front": "flaco", "back": "thin"}, {"front": "pequeño", "back": "little, small"}, {"front": "frágil", "back": "fragile"}, {"front": "pobre", "back": "poor"}, {"front": "fuerte", "back": "strong"}, {"front": "rico", "back": "rich"}, {"front": "gordo", "back": "fat"}, {"front": "simpático", "back": "nice"}, {"front": "grande", "back": "big"}, {"front": "sincero", "back": "sincere"}, {"front": "guapo", "back": "handsome,"}, {"front": "tacaño", "back": "stingy"}, {"front": "hermoso", "back": "beautiful"}, {"front": "triste", "back": "sad"}, {"front": "horrible", "back": "horrible"}, {"front": "viejo", "back": "old"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 11, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.4", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the following Spanish adjective.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. el hombre", "2. la situación", "3. el idioma", "4. la persona", "5. la flor -", "6. el jardín.", "7. la muchacha", "8. el vino", "9. el apartamento", "10. el carro", "11. el hotel", "12. el clima", "13. la hermana", "14. el libro", "15. la ciudad", "16. el hombre", "17. el dentista", "1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15. la flor", "18. la bolsa", "19. la ventana", "20. la planta", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos"], "ocrLines": ["1. el hombre", "2. la situación", "3. el idioma", "4. la persona", "5. la flor -", "6. el jardín.", "7. la muchacha", "8. el vino", "9. el apartamento", "10. el carro", "11. el hotel", "12. el clima", "13. la hermana", "14. el libro", "15. la ciudad", "16. el hombre", "17. el dentista", "(old)", "(difficult)", ". (marvelous)", "(nice)", "- (yellow)", "- (beautiful)", "(slender)", "(white)", "(expensive,", "(inexpensive)", "(small)", "(fantastic)", "- (intelligent)", "(interesting)", "(big)", "(rich)", "(young)", "Translate the following nouns into English. Remember to practice", "pronouncing the words.", "1. el libro", "2. la página", "3. la casa", "4. las flores", "5. el baño", "6. el vino", "7. el muchacho", "8. el hermano", "9. la biblioteca", "10. el café", "11. el tren", "12. el planeta", "13. el dentista", "14. el jardín", "15. la flor", "18. la bolsa", "19. la ventana", "20. la planta", "- (red)", "- (blue)", "(green)", "16. la cerveza", "17. la planta", "18. la amistad", "19. la verdad", "20. la suerte", "21. la gerente", "22. la tienda", "23. la ventana", "24. un museo", "25. un espejo", "26. una librería", "27. una pluma", "28. una lección", "29. una idea", "30. una maleta", "31. el sillón", "32. los amigos", "Adjectives", "A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it", "modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it", "describes.", "Singular Form of Adjectives"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "viejo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "difícil", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "maravilloso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "simpática", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "amarilla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hermoso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "delgada", "alternates": ["flaca"]}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "blanco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "caro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "barato", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "pequeño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "fantástico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "inteligente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "rico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "joven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "roja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "azul", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "verde", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.4 1. viejo 2. difícil 3. maravilloso 4. simpática 5. amarilla 6. hermoso 7. delgada {{OR}} flaca 8. blanco 9. caro 10. barato 11. pequeño 12. fantástico 13. inteligente 14. interesante 15. grande 16. rico 17. joven 18. roja 19. azul 20. verde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "viejo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "difícil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "maravilloso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "simpática", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "amarilla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hermoso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "delgada", "alternates": ["flaca"]}, {"number": 8, "answer": "blanco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "caro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "barato", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "pequeño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "fantástico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "inteligente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "rico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "joven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "roja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "azul", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "verde", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. viejo 2. difícil 3. maravilloso 4. simpática 5. amarilla 6. hermoso 7. delgada {{OR}} flaca 8. blanco 9. caro 10. barato 11. pequeño 12. fantástico 13. inteligente 14. interesante 15. grande 16. rico 17. joven 18. roja 19. azul 20. verde"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Plural Form of Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in a vowel add -s to form the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "blanco", "roja", "verde", "excelente", "Plural", "blancos", "rojas", "verdes", "excelentes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in a consonant add -es to form the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["gris", "fácil", "joven", "marrón", "grises", "fáciles", "jóvenes", "marrones"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Review each singular and plural form as you pronounce the following nouns and the adjectives that describe them."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Masculine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "el libro blanco", "el tomate rojo", "el hombre hermoso", "el baño verde", "el barco marrón", "el tren gris", "el tiquete caro", "Plural", "los libros blancos", "los tomates rojos", "los hombres hermosos", "los baños verdes", "los barcos marrones", "los trenes grises", "los tiquetes caros"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Singular", "back": "Plural"}, {"front": "el libro blanco", "back": "los libros blancos"}, {"front": "el tomate rojo", "back": "los tomates rojos"}, {"front": "el hombre hermoso", "back": "los hombres hermosos"}, {"front": "el baño verde", "back": "los baños verdes"}, {"front": "el barco marrón", "back": "los barcos marrones"}, {"front": "el tren gris", "back": "los trenes grises"}, {"front": "el tiquete caro", "back": "los tiquetes caros"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Feminine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0012-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la casa blanca", "la persona simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "las casas blancas", "las personas simpáticas", "las mujeres hermosas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "la casa blanca", "back": "las casas blancas"}, {"front": "la persona simpática", "back": "las personas simpáticas"}, {"front": "la mujer hermosa", "back": "las mujeres hermosas"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 12, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0013-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la comida excelente", "la lección fácil", "la muchacha fuerte", "la tienda vieja", "las comidas excelentes", "las lecciones fáciles", "las muchachas fuertes", "las tiendas viejas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 13, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.5", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans5", "instruction": "Write the plural form of each of the following noun and adjective phrases.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven"], "ocrLines": ["1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven", "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine", "noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the", "adjective follows the noun it describes.", "el libro blanco", "the white book", "el gato negro", "the black cat", "el carro rojo", "the red car", "el muchacho simpático", "the nice boy", "el hombre hermoso", "the handsome man", "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine", "noun.", "la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman", "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both", "masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn't matter what letter ends the", "adjective, as long as it is not -o.", "Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "las lámparas azules", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los amigos fantásticos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los perros grises", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "las cervezas negras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "los vinos rosados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "las personas fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "los días maravillosos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "las luces verdes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las ciudades pequeñas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los muchachos jóvenes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.5 1. las lámparas azules 2. los amigos fantásticos 3. los perros grises 4. las cervezas negras 5. los vinos rosados 6. las personas fuertes 7. los días maravillosos 8. las luces verdes 9. las ciudades pequeñas 10. los muchachos jóvenes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "las lámparas azules", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los amigos fantásticos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los perros grises", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "las cervezas negras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "los vinos rosados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "las personas fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "los días maravillosos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "las luces verdes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las ciudades pequeñas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los muchachos jóvenes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. las lámparas azules 2. los amigos fantásticos 3. los perros grises 4. las cervezas negras 5. los vinos rosados 6. las personas fuertes 7. los días maravillosos 8. las luces verdes 9. las ciudades pequeñas 10. los muchachos jóvenes"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "1.6", "ansAnchor": "ch1ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following phrases into Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. the red tomatoes", "2. the strong men", "3. the thin women", "4. the yellow blouses", "5. the interesting songs", "6. the green planets", "7. the blue windows"], "ocrLines": ["1. the red tomatoes", "2. the strong men", "3. the thin women", "4. the yellow blouses", "5. the interesting songs", "6. the green planets", "7. the blue windows", "& the old hotels", "Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine", "noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the", "adjective follows the noun it describes.", "el libro blanco", "the white book", "el gato negro", "the black cat", "el carro rojo", "the red car", "el muchacho simpático", "the nice boy", "el hombre hermoso", "the handsome man", "Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine", "noun.", "la casa blanca", "la chaqueta negra", "la lámpara roja", "la muchacha simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "the white house", "the black jacket", "the red lamp", "the nice girl", "the beautiful woman", "Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both", "masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn't matter what letter ends the", "adjective, as long as it is not -o.", "Masculine", "el libro excelente", "el perro horrible", "el poema difícil", "el barco azul", "el baño verde", "el tren gris", "el tema interesante", "el hombre fuerte", "Feminine", "la comida excelente", "la cucaracha horrible", "la lección difícil", "la pluma azul", "la cama verde", "la mesa gris", "la idea interesante", "la mujer fuerte"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "los tomates rojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los hombres fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "las mujeres delgadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "las blusas amarillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las canciones interesantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los planetas verdes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "las ventanas azules", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "los hoteles viejos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "1.6 1. los tomates rojos 2. los hombres fuertes 3. las mujeres delgadas 4. las blusas amarillas 5. las canciones interesantes 6. los planetas verdes 7. las ventanas azules 8. los hoteles viejos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "los tomates rojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los hombres fuertes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "las mujeres delgadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "las blusas amarillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las canciones interesantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los planetas verdes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "las ventanas azules", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "los hoteles viejos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. los tomates rojos 2. los hombres fuertes 3. las mujeres delgadas 4. las blusas amarillas 5. las canciones interesantes 6. los planetas verdes 7. las ventanas azules 8. los hoteles viejos"}]}]}, {"id": "ch2", "number": 2, "title": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Subject Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular", "yo", "tú", "I", "él", "you", "The familiar singular form tú", "is used with friends and family;", "its usage varies from country", "to country.", "he", "ella", "she", "usted", "you", "Usted is more formal than tú.", "It is used when meeting people", "for the first time, in business", "situations, and with a person", "you might not know well.", "Its abbreviation is Ud.", "Plural", "nosotros", "we", "vosotros", "you", "The familiar plural form vosotros", "is used only in Spain.", "ellos", "they", "The masculine plural form ellos", "refers to a group of males or to", "a group that includes both males", "and females.", "ellas", "they", "The feminine plural form ellas", "refers to a group that includes", "only females.", "ustedes", "you", "The plural form ustedes is used", "to address more than one person.", "Latin Americans use ustedes for", "the plural of both tú and Ud.", "(since vosotros is used only in", "Spain). Its abbreviation is Uds."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo", "back": "I"}, {"front": "nosotros", "back": "we"}, {"front": "tú", "back": "you"}, {"front": "vosotros", "back": "you"}, {"front": "él", "back": "he"}, {"front": "ellos", "back": "they"}, {"front": "ella", "back": "she"}, {"front": "ellas", "back": "they"}, {"front": "usted", "back": "you"}, {"front": "ustedes", "back": "you"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 14, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish. Él and ella refer to people and sometimes to animals, but not to things."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of the verb estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy", "tú estás", "él está", "ella está", "Ud. está", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros estamos", "vosotros estáis", "ellos están", "ellas están", "Uds. están", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo estoy", "back": "1 am"}, {"front": "nosotros estamos", "back": "we are"}, {"front": "tú estás", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "vosotros estáis", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "él está", "back": "he is"}, {"front": "ellos están", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "ella está", "back": "she is"}, {"front": "ellas están", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "Ud. está", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "Uds. están", "back": "you are"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 15, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the conjugations of the verb aloud. Notice that él, ella, and Ud. have the same form of the verb (the third-person singular). Notice also that ellos, ellas, and Uds. have the same form of the verb (the third-person plural)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Location"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to describe where something or someone is physically located."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0015-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo estoy en la clase.", "Nosotros estamos en el carro.", "El restaurante está en la ciudad.", "Ellas están en el baño.", "¿Estás tú en el hospital?", "I am in the class.", "We are in the car.", "The restaurant is in the city", "They are in the bathroom.", "Are you in the hospital?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 15, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb, which carries the action of the phrase, is the essential element of the Spanish sentence or question because of the amount of information it contains."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verb Definitions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive is the unconjugated form of the verb. For example, to be is an infinitive in English. The conjugations are the forms of the verb that belong to a particular pronoun or noun subject. I am and he is are examples of conjugations of the infinitive to be."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0016-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Health", "Yo estoy bien, gracias.", "Ella está enferma.", "Los doctores están enfermos.", "¿Cómo están Uds.?", "Estamos bien.", "Changing Mood or Condition", "La muchacha está contenta.", "Estoy feliz.", "Los hombres están cansados.", "Estamos alegres.", "¿Estás enojado?", "I am fine, thanks.", "She is sick.", "The doctors are sick", "How are you?", "We are well.", "The girl is happy.", "1 am happy.", "The men are tired.", "We are happy.", "Are you angry?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 16, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the pronouns yo, tú, and nosotros are omitted. This is possible because estoy can only mean I am, estás means you are whether tú is included or not, and estamos carries the meaning we are."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When estar is used with food, the English equivalent is taste or tastes. When estar is used with appearance, the English equivalent is look or looks."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0016-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La comida está buena.", "El pescado está delicioso.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "Él está guapo.", "The meal is (tastes) good.", "The fish is (tastes) delicious.", "The soup is (tastes) delicious", "She is (looks) pretty today.", "He is (looks) handsome."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La comida está buena.", "back": "The meal is (tastes) good."}, {"front": "El pescado está delicioso.", "back": "The fish is (tastes) delicious."}, {"front": "La sopa está sabrosa.", "back": "The soup is (tastes) delicious"}, {"front": "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "back": "She is (looks) pretty today."}, {"front": "Él está guapo.", "back": "He is (looks) handsome."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 16, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Word Order"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you begin learning the basic structure of the Spanish language, you will discover that the word order of English and Spanish is essentially the same for the material covered in Part I, which includes the basic elements of a sentence."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ cómo?", "¿ dónde?", "¿quién?", "how?", "where!", "who?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿quién?", "back": "who?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aquí, acá", "allí, allá", "here", "there"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "allí, allá", "back": "there"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegre", "bonito", "bueno", "cansado", "contento", "delicioso", "enfermo", "happy (merry)", "pretty", "good", "tired", "happy (contented)", "delicious", "sick", "enojado", "feliz", "guapo", "hermoso", "lindo", "sabroso", "angry", "happy", "beautiful, handsome", "beautiful, handsome", "pretty", "delicious"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "alegre", "back": "happy (merry)"}, {"front": "enojado", "back": "angry"}, {"front": "bonito", "back": "pretty"}, {"front": "feliz", "back": "happy"}, {"front": "bueno", "back": "good"}, {"front": "guapo", "back": "beautiful, handsome"}, {"front": "cansado", "back": "tired"}, {"front": "hermoso", "back": "beautiful, handsome"}, {"front": "contento", "back": "happy (contented)"}, {"front": "lindo", "back": "pretty"}, {"front": "delicioso", "back": "delicious"}, {"front": "sabroso", "back": "delicious"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 17, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Guapo describes people only; bonito, hermoso, and lindo are used to describe both people and things."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.1", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar. Pay attention to the meaning of each sentence. Then indicate whether the sentence expresses health, location, changing mood, or changing condition.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Daniel ________________ muy cansado hoy. (________________)", "2. El teléfono y el libro ________________ en la mesa. (________________)", "3. La mujer ________________ bien; el hombre ________________ enfermo. (________________)", "4. ¿Cómo ________________ Uds.? (________________)", "5. ¿Dónde ________________ ellos? (________________)", "6. ¿Dónde ________________ el baño, por favor? (________________)", "7. El niño ________________ enojado y la niña ________________ triste. (________________)", "8. Los muchachos ________________ alegres. (________________)", "9. Yo ________________ contento. (________________)", "10. ¿Quién ________________ aquí? (________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros", "estamos", "- en la clase. (-", "location", "La profesora está", "_ enferma. (health)", "la casa blanca", "la persona simpática", "la mujer hermosa", "la comida excelente", "la lección fácil", "la muchacha fuerte", "la tienda vieja", "las casas blancas", "las personas simpáticas", "las mujeres hermosas", "las comidas excelentes", "las lecciones fáciles", "las muchachas fuertes", "las tiendas viejas", "y Exercise 1.5", "Write the plural form of each of the following noun and adjective phrases.", "1. la lámpara azul", "2. el amigo fantástico", "3. el perro gris", "4. la cerveza negra", "5. el vino rosado", "6. la persona fuerte", "7. el día maravilloso", "8. la luz verde", "9. la ciudad pequeña", "10. el muchacho joven", "Exercise 1.6", "Translate the following phrases into Spanish."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está (changing condition)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "está, está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está, está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.1 1. está (changing condition) 2. están (location) 3. está, está (health) 4. están (health) 5. están (location) 6. está (location) 7. está, está (changing mood) 8. están (changing mood) 9. estoy (changing mood) 10. está (location)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está (changing condition)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está, está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está, está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está (changing condition) 2. están (location) 3. está, está (health) 4. están (health) 5. están (location) 6. está (location) 7. está, está (changing mood) 8. están (changing mood) 9. estoy (changing mood) 10. está (location)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.2", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I am in the yellow house. Where are you?", "2. The red blouses are in the big store.", "3. The white flower is in the window.", "4. We are in the train.", "5. How are you? I am fine, thanks.", "6. We are tired, and we are happy."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "alternates": ["¿Dónde estás tú?", "¿Dónde están Uds.?"]}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está en la ventana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estamos en el tren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias.", "alternates": ["¿Cómo están Uds.?", "¿Cómo estás tú?"]}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Estamos cansados y estamos contentos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.2 1. Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.? {{OR}} ¿Dónde estás tú? {{OR}} ¿Dónde están Uds.? 2. Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande. 3. La flor blanca está en la ventana. 4. Estamos en el tren. 5. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias. {{OR}} ¿Cómo están Uds.? {{OR}} ¿Cómo estás tú? 6. Estamos cansados y estamos contentos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "alternates": ["¿Dónde estás tú?", "¿Dónde están Uds.?"]}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está en la ventana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estamos en el tren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias.", "alternates": ["¿Cómo están Uds.?", "¿Cómo estás tú?"]}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Estamos cansados y estamos contentos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo estoy en la casa amarilla. ¿Dónde está Ud.? {{OR}} ¿Dónde estás tú? {{OR}} ¿Dónde están Uds.? 2. Las blusas rojas están en la tienda grande. 3. La flor blanca está en la ventana. 4. Estamos en el tren. 5. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Estoy bien, gracias. {{OR}} ¿Cómo están Uds.? {{OR}} ¿Cómo estás tú? 6. Estamos cansados y estamos contentos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish verb ser is also equivalent to English to be."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, there is a single verb that means to be. We say, for example:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0018-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["The dog is here. (location)", "The dog is brown. (description)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 18, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb is the same in both cases. But in Spanish, there is a difference, and you have to choose the correct verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo soy", "tú eres", "él es", "ella es", "Ud. es", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros somos", "vosotros sois", "ellos son", "ellas son", "Uds. son", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo soy", "back": "1 am"}, {"front": "nosotros somos", "back": "we are"}, {"front": "tú eres", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "vosotros sois", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "él es", "back": "he is"}, {"front": "ellos son", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "ella es", "back": "she is"}, {"front": "ellas son", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "Ud. es", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "Uds. son", "back": "you are"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is used to express seven basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event takes place."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Description"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La casa es roja.", "El libro es azul.", "Los carros son viejos.", "Somos simpáticos.", "¿ Es la flor amarilla?", "The house is red.", "The book is blue.", "The cars are old.", "We are nice.", "Is the flower yellow?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La casa es roja.", "back": "The house is red."}, {"front": "El libro es azul.", "back": "The book is blue."}, {"front": "Los carros son viejos.", "back": "The cars are old."}, {"front": "Somos simpáticos.", "back": "We are nice."}, {"front": "¿ Es la flor amarilla?", "back": "Is the flower yellow?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Profession"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo soy estudiante.", "Él es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "Roberto es abogado.", "¿ Eres tú ingeniero?", "I am a student.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers", "We are doctors.", "Robert is a lawyer.", "Are you an engineer?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Unmodified", "Modified", "José es estudiante.", "José es un estudiante fantástico"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9564102368477063, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Unmodified", "back": "José es estudiante."}, {"front": "Modified", "back": "José es un estudiante fantástico"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De here means from."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0019-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ De dónde es Ud.?", "¿ De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿ De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "Where are you from? (sing.)", "Where are you from? (pl.)", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 19, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El vino es de Portugal.", "La cerveza es de México.", "El café es de Brazil.", "The wine is from Portugal", "The beer is from Mexico.", "The coffee is from Brazil."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "El vino es de Portugal.", "back": "The wine is from Portugal"}, {"front": "La cerveza es de México.", "back": "The beer is from Mexico."}, {"front": "El café es de Brazil.", "back": "The coffee is from Brazil."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In common English usage, we often end a sentence with a preposition, for example, Where are you from? This never occurs in Spanish; the preposition cannot ever end a sentence, so the preposition, in this case de, is placed in front of the interrogative word dónde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Identification"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Identification specifies characteristics such as relationship, nationality, race, or religion."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Somos amigos.", "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "Pablo es español.", "¿ Eres tú cubano?", "Flla es católica.", "We are friends.", "Joe and Ed are brothers", "Paul is Spanish.", "Are you Cuban?", "She is Catholic"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Somos amigos.", "back": "We are friends."}, {"front": "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "back": "Joe and Ed are brothers"}, {"front": "Pablo es español.", "back": "Paul is Spanish."}, {"front": "¿ Eres tú cubano?", "back": "Are you Cuban?"}, {"front": "Flla es católica.", "back": "She is Catholic"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Material"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De here means of."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La mesa es de madera.", "La bolsa es de plástico.", "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "La casa es de piedra.", "The table is of wood.", "The bag is of plastic.", "The shoes are of leather:", "The windows are of glass", "The house is of stone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La mesa es de madera.", "back": "The table is of wood."}, {"front": "La bolsa es de plástico.", "back": "The bag is of plastic."}, {"front": "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "back": "The shoes are of leather:"}, {"front": "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "back": "The windows are of glass"}, {"front": "La casa es de piedra.", "back": "The house is of stone."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Possession or ownership"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0020-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["De here means of.", "La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "It's the child's doll.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are María's friends.", "(The friends are of María.)", "The idea is Pedro's", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 20, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0021-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends", "(The car is of the friends.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Los gatos son del niño.", "back": "The cats belong to the child."}, {"front": "El carro es de los amigos.", "back": "The car belongs to the friends"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 21, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: The contraction: de + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. Use de (English of) to express possession or ownership. When de (English of) is followed by the masculine el (English the), the words contract to del, meaning of the."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Possessives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that the translations above are not exact. There is no apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter’s car, for example, the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro (the car of Peter). Make sure you understand this concept and use whichever English translation seems clearest to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Where an event takes place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0021-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "The party is (takes place) in Joe's", "house.", "The concert is (takes place) in the club", "The protest is (takes place) in the", "capital."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 21, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The equivalent English translation is take or takes place."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The party takes place at Joe’s house."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The concert takes place at the club."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The protest takes place in the capital."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.3", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser in each blank. Indicate whether the sentence expresses description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, or possession in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El café ________________ de Colombia. (________________)", "2. Ellos ________________ doctores. Ella ________________ profesora. (________________)", "3. ¿De dónde ________________ los turistas? (________________)", "4. Los hermanos de Pablo ________________ simpáticos. (________________)", "5. El hotel viejo ________________ excelente. (________________)", "6. Nosotros ________________ amigos de Raúl. (________________)", "7. Los zapatos ________________ de cuero. (________________)", "8. La mujer y el hombre ________________ de Ecuador. (________________)", "9. Yo ________________ de Puerto Rico. ¿De dónde ________________ Ud.? (________________)", "10. El apartamento ________________ de los estudiantes jóvenes. (________________)", "11. ¿ ________________ tú una estudiante maravillosa? (________________)", "12. Los tomates ________________ verdes y rojos. (________________)", "13. ¿Quién ________________ el presidente de los Estados Unidos? (________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "El hombre", "es", "- guapo. La mujer", "description", "-)", "es", "• guapa también", "event takes place.", "Description", "La casa es roja.", "El libro es azul.", "Los carros son viejos.", "Somos simpáticos.", "¿Es la flor amarilla?", "The house is red.", "The book is blue.", "The cars are old.", "We are nice.", "Is the flower yellow?", "Yo soy estudiante.", "Él es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "Roberto es abogado.", "¿Eres tú ingeniero?", "I am a student.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers.", "We are doctors.", "Robert is a lawyer.", "Are you an engineer?", "Unmodified", "Modified", "José es estudiante.", "José es un estudiante fantástico.", "¿ De dónde es Ud.?", "¿De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿ De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "Where are you from? (sing.)", "Where are you from? (pl.)", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Eres (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.3 1. es (point of origin) 2. son, es (profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (identification) 12. son (description) 13. es (profession)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Eres (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es (point of origin) 2. son, es (profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (identification) 12. son (description) 13. es (profession)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.4", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans4", "instruction": "A. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser. Indicate the reason for your choice in parentheses.", "extra": ["B. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of estar. Indicate the reason for your choice in parentheses.", "C. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of either ser or estar. Indicate the reason for each choice in parentheses."], "prompts": ["1. Helena ________________ de Colombia. (________________)", "2. El hermano de ella ________________ católico. (________________)", "3. Ellos ________________ profesores excelentes. (________________)", "4. Los carros ________________ grises. (________________)", "5. Nosotros ________________ estudiantes. (________________)", "1. San Francisco ________________ en California. (________________)", "2. ¿Cómo ________________ Ud.? Yo ________________ bien. (________________)", "3. El profesor ________________ enfermo. (________________)", "4. Nosotros ________________ en la clase. (________________)", "5. ¿ ________________ tú triste? (________________)", "6. Los perros ________________ en el carro. (________________)", "1. José y Juan ________________ enfermos. (________________)", "2. Tú ________________ abogado. (________________)", "3. La lección ________________ fácil. (________________)", "4. Los estudiantes ________________ en la ciudad. (________________)", "5. ¿Cómo ________________ Uds.? Nosotros ________________ bien, gracias. (________________, ________________)", "6. Ellas ________________ inteligentes. (________________)", "7. ¿Dónde ________________ los doctores? (________________)", "8. El profesor ________________ contento. (________________)", "9. Los espejos en el baño ________________ grandes. (________________)", "10. La mesa, las sillas blancas y la lámpara ________________ en la casa, pero la casa ________________ pequeña. (________________, ________________)", "11. La amiga de Sara ________________ enferma y Sara ________________ triste. (________________, ________________)", "12. Las puertas de la casa ________________ fuertes. (________________)", "13. Los tomates ________________ en la tienda. Los tomates verdes ________________ de California; los tomates rojos ________________ de Guatemala. (________________, ________________, ________________)", "14. ¿De dónde ________________ el vino blanco? (________________)", "15. Los muchachos y las muchachas ________________ en el tren. Ellos ________________ contentos porque ________________ amigos. (________________, ________________, ________________)", "16. ¿Quién ________________ en el baño? (________________)", "17. ¿Dónde ________________ la familia de Fernando? (________________)", "18. Nosotros ________________ contentos porque nosotros ________________ estudiantes excelentes. (________________, ________________)", "19. ¿ ________________ Ud. de Suramérica? Ellos ________________ de España. (________________, ________________)", "20. Julia ________________ alegre porque la fiesta ________________ fantástica. (________________, ________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Yo _", "SOY español. (identification", "Ellos están aquí. (location)", "La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "It's the child's doll.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are María's friends.", "(The friends are of María.)", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man.", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)", "NOTE: The contraction: de + el (of + the) = del. There are only two", "contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. Use de (English", "of) to express possession or ownership. When de (English of) is followed", "by the masculine el (English the), the words contract to del, meaning of", "the.", "You can see that the translations above are not exact. There is no", "apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter's car, for example,", "the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro (the car of Peter). Make", "sure you understand this concept and use whichever English", "translation seems clearest to you.", "Where an event takes place"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "es (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "son (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "somos (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "está, estoy (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "estamos (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "Estás (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 1, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 2, "answer": "eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 3, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 5, "answer": "están (health), estamos (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 6, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 7, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 8, "answer": "está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 9, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 10, "answer": "están (location), es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 11, "answer": "está (health), está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 13, "answer": "están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 14, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 15, "answer": "están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 16, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 17, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 18, "answer": "estamos (changing mood), somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 19, "answer": "Es (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": "C", "number": 20, "answer": "está (changing mood), es (description)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.4 A 1. es (point of origin) 2. es (identification) 3. son (profession) 4. son (description) 5. somos (profession)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "es (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "somos (profession)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es (point of origin) 2. es (identification) 3. son (profession) 4. son (description) 5. somos (profession)"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está, estoy (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estamos (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Estás (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está (location) 2. está, estoy (health) 3. está (health) 4. estamos (location) 5. Estás (changing mood) 6. están (location)"}, {"label": "C", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están (health), estamos (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "están (location), es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "está (health), está (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "estamos (changing mood), somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Es (point of origin), son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "está (changing mood), es (description)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están (health) 2. eres (profession) 3. es (description) 4. están (location) 5. están (health), estamos (health) 6. son (description) 7. están (location) 8. está (changing mood) 9. son (description) 10. están (location), es (description) 11. está (health), está (changing mood) 12. son (description) 13. están (location), son (point of origin), son (point of origin) 14. es (point of origin) 15. están (location), están (changing mood), son (identification) 16. está (location) 17. está (location) 18. estamos (changing mood), somos (identification) 19. Es (point of origin), son (point of origin) 20. está (changing mood), es (description)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.5", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans5", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud using the appropriate form of ser or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cómo estás?", "2. ¿Dónde está la hermana de Teresa?", "3. ¿De dónde es Ud.?", "4. ¿Quién está en el carro caro?", "5. ¿Dónde es el concierto?", "6. ¿Está Ud. alegre?", "7. ¿Es fácil la lección?", "8. ¿Dónde están las flores hermosas? ¿De dónde son?", "9. ¿Es grande el apartamento de Tomás?", "10. ¿Estás cansado?", "11. ¿Están los periódicos en la casa de Alicia?", "12. ¿Dónde está el restaurante barato de la ciudad?", "13. ¿Es Ud. de Europa?", "14. ¿Eres estudiante o profesor?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "2.5 Answers will vary. 1. Estoy bien, gracias. 2. Ella está en la casa. 3. Soy de Nueva York. 4. El hombre está en el carro. 5. El concierto es en el parque. 6. Estoy alegre. 7. La lección es difícil. 8. Las flores están en el piso. Son de Florida. 9. El apartamento de Tomás es pequeño. 10. Sí, estoy muy cansado. 11. No, los periódicos no están en la casa de Alicia. 12. Está en la calle once. 13. No, soy de Chicago. 14. Yo soy profesor.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Estoy bien, gracias. 2. Ella está en la casa. 3. Soy de Nueva York. 4. El hombre está en el carro. 5. El concierto es en el parque. 6. Estoy alegre. 7. La lección es difícil. 8. Las flores están en el piso. Son de Florida. 9. El apartamento de Tomás es pequeño. 10. Sí, estoy muy cansado. 11. No, los periódicos no están en la casa de Alicia. 12. Está en la calle once. 13. No, soy de Chicago. 14. Yo soy profesor."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "2.6", "ansAnchor": "ch2ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following letter with the appropriate form of ser or estar.", "extra": ["Queridos amigos,", "¿Cómo ________________ (1.) Uds.? Yo ________________ (2.) aquí en Madrid. La ciudad ________________ (3.) hermosa. El museo del Prado ________________ (4.) en el centro de la ciudad y ________________ (5.) muy interesante. La gente ________________ (6.) simpática y la comida ________________ (7.) deliciosa. Hasta luego."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "2.6 1. están 2. estoy 3. es 4. está 5. es 6. es 7. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están 2. estoy 3. es 4. está 5. es 6. es 7. es"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "La casa"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mi casa es vieja y grande, con muchas ventanas. Las cortinas en toda la casa son gruesas. Las paredes del interior de la casa son blancas; el exterior es gris. El patio es bonito, con flores todavía. Un espejo antiguo y una mesa de madera fina están en el vestíbulo. El comedor es sencillo, con una mesa y seis sillas; la alfombra es roja y azul marino. La cocina es amplia, con paredes amarillas y gabinetes blancos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La nevera es bastante grande, y la estufa y el horno están limpios. Dos sillones cómodos y un piano están en la sala. Mi alcoba con un baño privado es azul y blanca. Mis libros, mis cuadernos, mis lápices y bolígrafos, mi colección de discos compactos, y mis videos están en el estudio. Hoy es un día hermoso."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres (Nouns)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la alcoba", "la alfombra", "el bolígrafo", "la cocina", "la colección", "el comedor", "la cortina", "el cuaderno", "el espejo", "el estudio", "la estufa", "the bedroom", "the rug", "the ballpoint pen", "the kitchen", "the collection", "the dining room", "the curtain", "the notebook", "the mirror", "the study", "the stove", "el gabinete", "el horno", "el lápiz", "la madera", "la nevera", "la pared", "el patio", "la sala", "el sillón", "el vestíbulo", "el video", "the cabinet", "the oven", "the pencil", "the wood", "the refrigerator", "the wall", "the yard", "the living room", "the easy chair", "the entryway", "the video"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 22, "cards": [{"front": "la alcoba", "back": "the bedroom"}, {"front": "el gabinete", "back": "the cabinet"}, {"front": "la alfombra", "back": "the rug"}, {"front": "el horno", "back": "the oven"}, {"front": "el bolígrafo", "back": "the ballpoint pen"}, {"front": "el lápiz", "back": "the pencil"}, {"front": "la cocina", "back": "the kitchen"}, {"front": "la madera", "back": "the wood"}, {"front": "la colección", "back": "the collection"}, {"front": "la nevera", "back": "the refrigerator"}, {"front": "el comedor", "back": "the dining room"}, {"front": "la pared", "back": "the wall"}, {"front": "la cortina", "back": "the curtain"}, {"front": "el patio", "back": "the yard"}, {"front": "el cuaderno", "back": "the notebook"}, {"front": "la sala", "back": "the living room"}, {"front": "el espejo", "back": "the mirror"}, {"front": "el sillón", "back": "the easy chair"}, {"front": "el estudio", "back": "the study"}, {"front": "el vestíbulo", "back": "the entryway"}, {"front": "la estufa", "back": "the stove"}, {"front": "el video", "back": "the video"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 25, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos (Adjectives)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["amplio", "antiguo", "azul marino", "cómodo", "fino", "grueso", "ample", "old", "navy blue", "comfortable", "fine, delicate", "thick", "limpio", "mi, mis", "privado", "sencillo", "todo", "clean", "my (sing., pl.)", "private", "simple", "all"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "amplio", "back": "ample"}, {"front": "limpio", "back": "clean"}, {"front": "antiguo", "back": "old"}, {"front": "mi, mis", "back": "my (sing., pl.)"}, {"front": "azul marino", "back": "navy blue"}, {"front": "privado", "back": "private"}, {"front": "cómodo", "back": "comfortable"}, {"front": "sencillo", "back": "simple"}, {"front": "fino", "back": "fine, delicate"}, {"front": "todo", "back": "all"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 26, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios (Adverbs)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0026-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bastante", "todavía", "enough", "still"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8896551461055361, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "todavía", "back": "still"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 26, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas (Questions)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es nueva la casa? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Es bonito el día? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Es grande la cocina? __________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Dónde está el piano? __________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch3", "number": 3, "title": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Hay"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The single Spanish word hay (pronounced like English eye) means there is, there are, is there?, and are there? in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish sentences with hay and English sentences with there is, there are follow the same pattern with regard to the inclusion or omission of definite and indefinite articles. The Spanish definite articles el, la, los, and las (English the) never follow hay."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay una alfombra en la casa.", "Hay un árbol en el jardín.", "Hay dos vasos en la mesa.", "Hay tres libros en el piso.", "There is a rug in the house.", "There is a tree in the garden.", "There are two glasses on the table", "There are three books on the floor"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Hay una alfombra en la casa.", "back": "There is a rug in the house."}, {"front": "Hay un árbol en el jardín.", "back": "There is a tree in the garden."}, {"front": "Hay dos vasos en la mesa.", "back": "There are two glasses on the table"}, {"front": "Hay tres libros en el piso.", "back": "There are three books on the floor"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A question formed with hay uses the same word order as a statement. When written, it carries a question mark at the beginning and end, as all Spanish interrogative sentences do. When spoken, it should be pronounced with a rising intonation."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay una lámpara azul en", "la casa?", "¿ Hay un libro en el baño?", "¿ Hay un hotel en la ciudad?", "¿ Hay una mesa marrón en", "el cuarto?", "Is there a blue lamp in the house?", "Is there a book in the bathroom?", "Is there a hotel in the city?", "Is there a brown table in the room?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Hay una lámpara azul en", "back": "Is there a blue lamp in the house?"}, {"front": "¿ Hay un libro en el baño?", "back": "Is there a book in the bathroom?"}, {"front": "¿ Hay un hotel en la ciudad?", "back": "Is there a hotel in the city?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When hay is followed by a plural noun, the article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0027-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay tigres en el zoológico.", "Hay estrellas en el cielo.", "There are tigers in the 200", "There are stars in the sky."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Hay tigres en el zoológico.", "back": "There are tigers in the 200"}, {"front": "Hay estrellas en el cielo.", "back": "There are stars in the sky."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 27, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0028-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay periódicos en esta tienda?", "¿ Hay tomates rojos en este", "mercade", "Are there newspapers in this store!", "Are there red tomatoes in this", "marketp"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Hay periódicos en esta tienda?", "back": "Are there newspapers in this store!"}, {"front": "¿ Hay tomates rojos en este", "back": "Are there red tomatoes in this"}, {"front": "mercade", "back": "marketp"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 28, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no before hay."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0028-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hay luz en el baño.", "No hay teléfonos aquí.", "No hay revistas en el hotel.", "There is no light in the bathroom.", "There are no telephones here.", "There are no magazines in the hotel"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "No hay luz en el baño.", "back": "There is no light in the bathroom."}, {"front": "No hay teléfonos aquí.", "back": "There are no telephones here."}, {"front": "No hay revistas en el hotel.", "back": "There are no magazines in the hotel"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 28, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.1", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans1", "instruction": "A. Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "B. Translate the following English sentences into Spanish.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Hay una lección fácil en el libro?", "2. No hay cucarachas en el restaurante.", "3. ¿Hay blusas rojas en la tienda?", "4. Hay flores en el balcón del apartamento.", "5. ¿Hay clase hoy?", "6. ¿Hay más preguntas de los estudiantes?", "1. There are many pens on the teacher’s desk.", "2. Is there a doctor in the hospital?", "3. There are two women in the class.", "4. There is no beer in Lisa’s house."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "Is there an easy lesson in the book?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "There are no cockroaches in the restaurant", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "Are there red blouses in the store?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "Is there class today?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 6, "answer": "Are there more questions from the students?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "¿Hay un doctor en el hospital?", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "Hay dos mujeres en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.1 A 1. Is there an easy lesson in the book? 2. There are no cockroaches in the restaurant. 3. Are there red blouses in the store? 4. There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment. 5. Is there class today? 6. Are there more questions from the students?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Is there an easy lesson in the book?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "There are no cockroaches in the restaurant", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Are there red blouses in the store?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Is there class today?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Are there more questions from the students?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Is there an easy lesson in the book? 2. There are no cockroaches in the restaurant. 3. Are there red blouses in the store? 4. There are flowers on the balcony of the apartment. 5. Is there class today? 6. Are there more questions from the students?"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Hay un doctor en el hospital?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Hay dos mujeres en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Hay muchas plumas en la mesa del maestro. 2. ¿Hay un doctor en el hospital? 3. Hay dos mujeres en la clase. 4. No hay cerveza en la casa de Lisa."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All interrogative words carry written accents; the accent marks do not affect the pronunciation of the word."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0029-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cómo? How?", "¿ Cómo estás tú.", "¿ Cómo están los muchachos?", "¿ Dónde? Where?", "¿ Dónde está la casa del alcalde?", "¿Dónde estamos?", "¿Quién? (sing.), ¿Quiénes? (pl.) Who?", "¿Quién está aquí?", "¿ Quién es la persona con José?", "¿ Quiénes están en el carro?", "¿ Quiénes son ellos?", "¿Que? What?", "¿ Qué día es hoy?", "¿ Qué libro está en la mesa?", "¿Qué hay en el menú?", "¿Qué? used before ser asks for a definition.", "¿ Qué es comunicación?", "¿Qué es esto?", "¿Qué es filosofía?", "How are you?", "How are the boys?", "Where is the mayor's house:", "Where are we?", "Who is here?", "Who is the person with Joe?", "Who is in the car?", "Who are they?", "What day is today?", "What book is on the table?", "What is there on the menu?", "What is communication?", "What is this?", "What is philosophy?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9714285714285714, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 29, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0029-01a.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Cuál? (sing.), ¿Cuáles? (pl.) Which, which one? Which ones?", "¿Cuál? used immediately before ser asks for a selection or choice from", "among various possibilities.", "¿Cuál es la capital de Perú?", "What (which city) is the capital", "of Peru?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuál es la capital de Perú?", "back": "What (which city) is the capital"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": null, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál es el problema?", "¿Cuál es el nombre de la niña?", "¿Cuáles son los días de la semana?", "What (which problem) is the", "problem?", "What (which name) is the girl's", "name?", "What (which days) are the days", "of the week?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Por qué? Why?", "¿Por qué estamos alegres?", "¿Por qué es azul el cielo?", "¿Cuánto? How much?", "¿Cuánto es?", "¿Cuánto cuesta?", "¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuántos?, ¿Cuántas? How many?", "¿Cuántos gatos hay en la ciudad?", "¿Cuántas estrellas hay en el cielo?", "Why are we happy?", "Why is the sky blue?", "How much is it?", "How much does it cost?", "How much is it worth?", "How many cats are there in", "the city?", "How many stars are there in", "the sku?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuántos and cuántas are adjectives and must agree in gender with the plural nouns they describe."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0030-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo? When?", "¿ Cuándo es la fiesta?", "¿Cuándo es el concierto?", "When is the party?", "When is the concert!"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Cuándo es la fiesta?", "back": "When is the party?"}, {"front": "¿Cuándo es el concierto?", "back": "When is the concert!"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 30, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.2", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following questions with the appropriate interrogative word. As you do this exercise, review ser, estar, and hay.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿ ________________ es la bolsa de María, la bolsa roja o la bolsa azul?", "2. ¿ ________________ día es hoy?", "3. ¿ ________________ están los estudiantes?", "4. ¿ ________________ hay muchas personas en el parque hoy?", "5. ¿ ________________ es la mujer con el perro marrón?", "6. ¿ ________________ no hay espejos en el baño de los hombres?", "7. ¿ ________________ libros hay en la librería?", "8. ¿ ________________ están Uds.?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cuál", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Quién", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Cuántos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}], "answerRaw": "3.2 1. Cuál 2. Qué 3. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde 4. Por qué 5. Quién 6. Por qué 7. Cuántos 8. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cuál", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Quién", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Por qué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Cuántos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Cómo", "alternates": ["Dónde"]}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cuál 2. Qué 3. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde 4. Por qué 5. Quién 6. Por qué 7. Cuántos 8. Cómo {{OR}} Dónde"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have already learned three of the most common prepositions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0031-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["en", "de", "COn", "in, on", "from, of", "mith"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "en", "back": "in, on"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 31, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can combine these prepositions with an interrogative word to further your ability to ask questions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0031-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿En qué tienda hay muchos", "libros?", "¿En cuál parque hay animales", "exóticos?", "¿ De dónde es el hombre?", "¿De qué color es la mesa?", "¿De quién es la idea fantástica?", "¿Con quién estás?", "In what store are there many books!", "In which park are there exotic", "animals?", "Where is the man from?", "(Of) what color is the table?", "Whose fantastic idea is it?", "(Of whom is the fantastic idea?)", "Whom are you with?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 31, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.3", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following questions with the appropriate preposition.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿ _______ qué ciudad está la estatua de la libertad?", "2. ¿ _______ qué color es la casa grande?", "3. ¿ _______ qué material es la ventana?", "4. ¿ _______ quiénes están Uds.?", "5. ¿ _______ cuáles países hay plazas hermosas?", "6. ¿ _______ quién es el carro caro?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.3 1. En 2. De 3. De 4. Con 5. En 6. De", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "En", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "De", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. En 2. De 3. De 4. Con 5. En 6. De"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Days of the Week, Months, and Seasons"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los días de la semana (The days of the week)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To refer to a day of the week in English, we say Monday or on Monday. In Spanish, the article el is used with the name of the day to express this idea. Days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el lunes", "el martes", "el miércoles", "el jueves", "el viernes", "el sábado", "el domingo", "Monday, on Monday", "Tuesday, on Tuesday", "Wednesday, on Wednesday", "Thursday, on Thursday", "Friday, on Friday", "Saturday, on Saturday", "Sunday, on Sunday"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the plural of the days of the week, el changes to los and -s is added only to el sábado and el domingo. The names of the days of the week from el lunes to el viernes already end in -s."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los lunes", "los martes", "los miércoles", "los jueves", "los viernes", "los sábados", "los domingos", "Mondays, on Mondays", "Tuesdays, on Tuesdays", "Wednesdays, on Wednesdays", "Thursdays, on Thursdays", "Fridays, on Fridays", "Saturdays, on Saturdays", "Sundays, on Sundays"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay clase los lunes.", "¿ Hay fiestas los sábados?", "¿Dónde está Tomás los domingos?", "El jueves es el día de acción de", "gracias.", "El martes es el día del amor", "y la amistad.", "Estamos en clase los miércoles.", "¿Dónde estás los viernes?", "There is class on Mondays.", "Are there parties on Saturdays?", "Where is Thomas on Sundays?", "Thursday is Thanksgiving Day.", "Tuesday is St. Valentine's Day.", "We are in class on Wednesdays.", "Where are you on Fridays?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Los meses (The months)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["enero", "febrero", "marzo", "January", "February", "March", "abril", "mayo", "junio", "April", "May", "lune"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "enero", "back": "January"}, {"front": "abril", "back": "April"}, {"front": "marzo", "back": "March"}, {"front": "junio", "back": "lune"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 32, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["julio", "agosto", "septiembre", "July", "August", "September", "octubre", "noviembre", "diciembre", "October", "November", "December"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "julio", "back": "July"}, {"front": "octubre", "back": "October"}, {"front": "septiembre", "back": "September"}, {"front": "diciembre", "back": "December"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Las estaciones (The seasons)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el verano", "el otoño", "el invierno", "la primavera", "the summer", "the autumn, the fall", "the winter", "the spring time)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "el verano", "back": "the summer"}, {"front": "el invierno", "back": "the winter"}, {"front": "la primavera", "back": "the spring time)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Partes del día (Parts of the day)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0033-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la mañana", "la tarde", "la noche", "the morning", "the afternoon", "the night, the evening"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "la tarde", "back": "the afternoon"}, {"front": "la noche", "back": "the night, the evening"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 33, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Un pueblo colonial"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy, con unos amigos, en Guanajuato, un pueblo ° colonial y antiguo ° en el centro de México. Estamos aquí con los padres de Laura. Laura y yo somos estudiantes de español; la madre de ella es arqueóloga ° y el padre es político. ° Hay una escuela con clases de música, de guitarra, de baile y de historia. Es el verano, el clima es maravilloso y los mexicanos son muy simpáticos. Hay fiestas los viernes y los sábados. Hay muchas clases de lunes a viernes ° también y somos estudiantes serios. ° La madre de Laura está contenta porque hay unas ruinas de los Olmecas ° en el campo. El padre de ella está contento también porque el viaje es tranquilo y relajante. ° Estoy feliz en la casa de piedra en las montañas. Hay música en la mañana, una comida en la tarde y conversación durante ° el día. Todo está bien."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el pueblo town"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° antiguo old, ancient"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la arqueóloga archeologist"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el político politician"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° de lunes a viernes from Monday through Friday"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° serio serious"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° los Olmecas an ancient people of Mexico who disappeared around 600 A.D."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° relajante relaxing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° durante during"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres masculinos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el año", "el árbol", "el ascensor", "el avión", "el bolígrafo", "el bus", "el campo", "el coche", "el cuarto", "el cumpleaños", "el día", "el dinero", "el edificio", "el equipaje", "el hogar", "el jardín", "el lapicero", "the year", "the tree", "the elevator", "the airplane", "the ballpoint pen", "the bus", "the countryside", "the car", "the room", "the birthday", "the day", "the money", "the building", "the baggage", "the home", "the garden", "the ballpoint pen", "el lápiz", "el mensaje", "el mes", "el niño", "el país", "el papel", "el parque", "el periódico", "el piso", "el precio", "el ruido", "el salón", "el sitio", "el sueño", "el teatro", "el tema", "el viaje", "the pencil", "the message", "the month", "the child", "the country", "the paper", "the park", "the newspaper", "the floor", "the price", "the noise", "the classroom", "the place", "the dream", "the theater", "the theme", "the trip"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 34, "cards": [{"front": "el año", "back": "the year"}, {"front": "el lápiz", "back": "the pencil"}, {"front": "el árbol", "back": "the tree"}, {"front": "el mensaje", "back": "the message"}, {"front": "el ascensor", "back": "the elevator"}, {"front": "el mes", "back": "the month"}, {"front": "el avión", "back": "the airplane"}, {"front": "el niño", "back": "the child"}, {"front": "el bolígrafo", "back": "the ballpoint pen"}, {"front": "el país", "back": "the country"}, {"front": "el bus", "back": "the bus"}, {"front": "el papel", "back": "the paper"}, {"front": "el campo", "back": "the countryside"}, {"front": "el parque", "back": "the park"}, {"front": "el coche", "back": "the car"}, {"front": "el periódico", "back": "the newspaper"}, {"front": "el cuarto", "back": "the room"}, {"front": "el piso", "back": "the floor"}, {"front": "el cumpleaños", "back": "the birthday"}, {"front": "el precio", "back": "the price"}, {"front": "el día", "back": "the day"}, {"front": "el ruido", "back": "the noise"}, {"front": "el dinero", "back": "the money"}, {"front": "el salón", "back": "the classroom"}, {"front": "el edificio", "back": "the building"}, {"front": "el sitio", "back": "the place"}, {"front": "el equipaje", "back": "the baggage"}, {"front": "el sueño", "back": "the dream"}, {"front": "el hogar", "back": "the home"}, {"front": "el teatro", "back": "the theater"}, {"front": "el jardín", "back": "the garden"}, {"front": "el tema", "back": "the theme"}, {"front": "el lapicero", "back": "the ballpoint pen"}, {"front": "el viaje", "back": "the trip"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 34, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres femeninos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la avenida", "la biblioteca", "la calle", "la camisa", "la carta", "la ciudad", "la cocina", "la cuenta", "la ducha", "la entrada", "la escalera", "la escuela", "la fiesta", "la frase", "la gente", "la guerra", "la habitación", "the avenue", "the library", "the street", "the shirt", "the letter", "the city", "the kitchen", "the check, the bill", "the shower", "the entrance", "the stairs", "the school", "the party", "the sentence", "the people", "the war", "the room", "la hoja", "la librería", "la llave", "la medicina", "la música", "la obra", "la página", "la palabra", "la pared", "la playa", "la pregunta", "la puerta", "la salida", "la salud", "la semana", "la tarea", "la tarjeta", "the leaf", "the bookstore", "the key", "the medicine", "the music", "the play", "the page", "the word", "the wall", "the beach", "the question", "the door", "the exit", "the health", "the week", "the homework", "the postcard"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9926470588235294, "cardCount": 34, "cards": [{"front": "la avenida", "back": "the avenue"}, {"front": "la hoja", "back": "the leaf"}, {"front": "la biblioteca", "back": "the library"}, {"front": "la librería", "back": "the bookstore"}, {"front": "la calle", "back": "the street"}, {"front": "la llave", "back": "the key"}, {"front": "la camisa", "back": "the shirt"}, {"front": "la medicina", "back": "the medicine"}, {"front": "la carta", "back": "the letter"}, {"front": "la música", "back": "the music"}, {"front": "la ciudad", "back": "the city"}, {"front": "la obra", "back": "the play"}, {"front": "la cocina", "back": "the kitchen"}, {"front": "la página", "back": "the page"}, {"front": "la cuenta", "back": "the check, the bill"}, {"front": "la palabra", "back": "the word"}, {"front": "la ducha", "back": "the shower"}, {"front": "la pared", "back": "the wall"}, {"front": "la entrada", "back": "the entrance"}, {"front": "la playa", "back": "the beach"}, {"front": "la escalera", "back": "the stairs"}, {"front": "la pregunta", "back": "the question"}, {"front": "la escuela", "back": "the school"}, {"front": "la puerta", "back": "the door"}, {"front": "la fiesta", "back": "the party"}, {"front": "la salida", "back": "the exit"}, {"front": "la frase", "back": "the sentence"}, {"front": "la salud", "back": "the health"}, {"front": "la gente", "back": "the people"}, {"front": "la semana", "back": "the week"}, {"front": "la guerra", "back": "the war"}, {"front": "la tarea", "back": "the homework"}, {"front": "la habitación", "back": "the room"}, {"front": "la tarjeta", "back": "the postcard"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 34, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alto", "amable", "amistoso", "ancho", "bajo", "bello", "cariñoso", "ciego", "corto", "dulce", "duro", "elegante", "emocionante", "especial", "estrecho", "fiel", "tall", "kind", "friendly", "wide", "low, short (in height)", "beautiful", "affectionate", "blind", "short (in length)", "sweet", "hard", "elegant", "exciting", "special", "narrow", "faithful", "flojo", "gracioso", "hondo", "largo", "lento", "libre", "nuevo", "orgulloso", "peligroso", "pesado", "rápido", "raro", "sencillo", "sordo", "suave", "tranquilo", "lax", "amusing", "deep", "long", "slow", "free", "new", "proud", "dangerous", "heavy, dull", "rapid, fast", "strange", "simple", "deaf", "soft", "tranquil"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9609375, "cardCount": 32, "cards": [{"front": "alto", "back": "tall"}, {"front": "flojo", "back": "lax"}, {"front": "amable", "back": "kind"}, {"front": "gracioso", "back": "amusing"}, {"front": "amistoso", "back": "friendly"}, {"front": "hondo", "back": "deep"}, {"front": "ancho", "back": "wide"}, {"front": "largo", "back": "long"}, {"front": "bajo", "back": "low, short (in height)"}, {"front": "lento", "back": "slow"}, {"front": "bello", "back": "beautiful"}, {"front": "libre", "back": "free"}, {"front": "cariñoso", "back": "affectionate"}, {"front": "nuevo", "back": "new"}, {"front": "ciego", "back": "blind"}, {"front": "orgulloso", "back": "proud"}, {"front": "corto", "back": "short (in length)"}, {"front": "peligroso", "back": "dangerous"}, {"front": "dulce", "back": "sweet"}, {"front": "pesado", "back": "heavy, dull"}, {"front": "duro", "back": "hard"}, {"front": "rápido", "back": "rapid, fast"}, {"front": "elegante", "back": "elegant"}, {"front": "raro", "back": "strange"}, {"front": "emocionante", "back": "exciting"}, {"front": "sencillo", "back": "simple"}, {"front": "especial", "back": "special"}, {"front": "sordo", "back": "deaf"}, {"front": "estrecho", "back": "narrow"}, {"front": "suave", "back": "soft"}, {"front": "fiel", "back": "faithful"}, {"front": "tranquilo", "back": "tranquil"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 35, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunciones (Conjunctions)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0035-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mientras", "pero", "while", "or", "but", "porque", "si", "because", "if", "and"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "mientras while", "back": "porque / because"}, {"front": "or", "back": "si / if"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 35, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.4", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans4", "instruction": "You now have a new vocabulary of nouns and adjectives; test how many you recall in the following exercises.", "extra": ["A. Translate the following Spanish phrases into English.", "B. Translate the following English phrases into Spanish. Make sure the adjective agrees with the noun."], "prompts": ["1. el cuarto bello", "2. la persona agradable", "3. la amistad dulce", "4. la obra emocionante", "5. el día lindo", "6. el edificio bajo", "7. el sueño raro", "8. la guerra larga", "9. la avenida ancha", "10. e año nuevo", "1. the affectionate child", "2. the simple homework", "3. the dangerous city", "4. the short person", "5. the short month", "6. the beautiful beach", "7. the friendly woman", "8. the kind man", "9. the narrow avenue", "10. the proud people"], "ocrLines": ["1. el cuarto bello", "2. la persona agradable", "3. la amistad dulce", "4. la obra emocionante", "5. el día lindo", "6. el edificio bajo", "7. el sueño raro", "8. la guerra larga", "9. la avenida ancha", "10. e año nuevo", "el verano", "el otoño", "el invierno", "la primavera", "the summer", "the autumn, the fall", "the winter", "the spring(time)", "Partes del día (Parts of the day)", "la mañana", "the morning", "la tarde", "the afternoon", "la noche", "the night, the evening", "Reading Comprehension", "Un pueblo colonial", "Estoy, con unos amigos, en Guanajuato, un pueblo' colonial y antiguo' en el", "centro de México. Estamos aquí con los padres de Laura. Laura y yo somos", "estudiantes de español; la madre de ella es arqueóloga® y el padre es", "político.® Hay una escuela con clases de música, de guitarra, de baile y de", "historia. Es el verano, el clima es maravilloso у los mexicanos son muy", "simpaticos. Hay fiestas los viernes y los sábados. Hay muchas clases de", "lunes a viernes también y somos estudiantes serios. La madre de Laura", "está contenta porque hay unas ruinas de los Olmecas en el campo. El padre", "de ella está contento también porque el viaje es tranquilo y relajante. Estoy", "feliz en la casa de piedra en las montañas. Hay música en la mañana, una", "comida en la tarde y conversación durante el día. Todo está bien.", "el pueblo town", "'antiguo old, ancient", "°la arqueóloga archeologist", "• el político politician", "de lunes a viernes from Monday through Friday", "serio serious", "1. the affectionate child", "2. the simple homework", "3. the dangerous city", "4. the short person", "5. the short month", "6. the beautiful beach", "7. the friendly woman", "8. the kind man", "9. the narrow avenue", "10. the proud people", "los Olmecas an ancient people of Mexico who disappeared around 600 A.D.", "'relajante relaxing", "•durante during", "el año", "el árbol", "el ascensor", "el avión", "el bolígrafo", "el bus", "el campo", "el coche", "el cuarto", "el cumpleaños", "el día", "el dinero", "el edificio", "el equipaje", "el hogar", "el jardín", "el lapicero", "the year", "the tree", "the elevator", "the airplane", "the ballpoint pen", "the bus", "the countryside", "the car", "the room", "the birthday", "the day", "the money", "the building", "the baggage", "the home", "the garden", "el lápiz", "el mensaje", "el mes", "el niño", "el país", "el papel", "el parque", "el periódico", "el piso", "el precio", "el ruido", "el salón", "el sitio", "el sueño", "el teatro", "el tema", "el viaje", "the pencil", "the message", "the month", "the child", "the country", "the paper", "the park", "the newspaper", "the floor", "the price", "the noise", "the classroom", "the place", "the dream", "the theater", "the theme", "the trip"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "the beautiful room", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "the pleasant person", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "the sweet friendship", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "the exciting play", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "the beautiful day", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 6, "answer": "the low building", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 7, "answer": "the strange dream", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 8, "answer": "the long war", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 9, "answer": "the wide avenue", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 10, "answer": "the new year", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "el niño cariñoso", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "la tarea fácil", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "la ciudad peligrosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "la persona baja", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "el mes corto", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "la playa hermosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 7, "answer": "la mujer amistosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 8, "answer": "el hombre amable", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 9, "answer": "la avenida estrecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 10, "answer": "las personas orgullosas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.4 A 1. the beautiful room 2. the pleasant person 3. the sweet friendship 4. the exciting play 5. the beautiful day 6. the low building 7. the strange dream 8. the long war 9. the wide avenue 10. the new year", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "the beautiful room", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "the pleasant person", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "the sweet friendship", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "the exciting play", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "the beautiful day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "the low building", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "the strange dream", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "the long war", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "the wide avenue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "the new year", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. the beautiful room 2. the pleasant person 3. the sweet friendship 4. the exciting play 5. the beautiful day 6. the low building 7. the strange dream 8. the long war 9. the wide avenue 10. the new year"}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el niño cariñoso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la tarea fácil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la ciudad peligrosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la persona baja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el mes corto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "la playa hermosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "la mujer amistosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el hombre amable", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "la avenida estrecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "las personas orgullosas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el niño cariñoso 2. la tarea fácil 3. la ciudad peligrosa 4. la persona baja 5. el mes corto 6. la playa hermosa 7. la mujer amistosa 8. el hombre amable 9. la avenida estrecha 10. las personas orgullosas"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.5", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans5", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud using hay, ser, or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Hay hojas en los árboles en el verano?", "2. ¿Con quiénes estás tú en la escuela?", "3. ¿De qué color es la habitación de Julia?", "4. ¿De quién es el jardín?", "5. ¿En qué tienda hay tomates?", "6. ¿Dónde están las playas bonitas de la ciudad?", "7. ¿Hay perros en el campo?", "8. ¿Qué hay en el agua?", "9. ¿Cuál es la idea del estudiante inteligente?", "10. ¿Dónde está Ud.?", "11. ¿Cuál es bella, la paz o la guerra?", "12. ¿Quién está aquí con Ud.?", "13. ¿Dónde está el baño, por favor?", "14. ¿Hay preguntas?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "3.5 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.6", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of ser, estar, or hay. Be sure to include accent marks when they are needed.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuál ___________________ la escuela de los niños?", "2. ¿Quién ___________________ aquí?", "3. ¿De qué color ___________________ la puerta?", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ cariñosa la amiga de Laura?", "5. ¿ ___________________ mucha gente en el hotel hoy?", "6. La palabra ___________________ en la frase; la frase ___________________ en la página; la página ___________________ en el libro.", "7. ¿ ___________________ edificios altos en Madrid?", "8. Las playas y las piscinas ___________________ en el campo. ¿Qué ___________________ en la ciudad?", "9. ___________________ muchos lápices y bolígrafos en la mesa de la mujer. ¿ ___________________ ella la profesora de la clase?", "10. En el verano, ___________________ plantas verdes y flores hermosas en los parques.", "11. Los hombres ___________________ altos. Los niños ___________________ bajos.", "12. Nosotros ___________________ estudiantes excelentes porque las lecciones no ___________________ difíciles.", "13. ¿ ___________________ ella flaca porque ella ___________________ enferma?", "14. Yo ___________________ en la clase pero el maestro no ___________________ aquí.", "15. ¿ ___________________ peligrosa la ciudad en la noche?", "16. ___________________ luces en las avenidas porque es Navidad.", "17. El carro negro ___________________ barato; el coche verde es caro. ¿Cuál ___________________ el carro del hombre rico?", "18. Si Manuel y Jorge ___________________ estudiantes excelentes, ¿por qué ___________________ tristes en la clase?", "19. ¿Quiénes ___________________ en la casa los miércoles en la mañana? ¿Dónde ___________________ Ud. en la noche?", "20. ¿Cuál ___________________ la bolsa de Sara, la bolsa roja o la bolsa gris?", "21. El tren gris ___________________ pequeño; los buses ___________________ grandes."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Si hoy", "es", "sábado, ¿por qué", "están", "enojados los hombres?", "la avenida", "la biblioteca", "la calle", "la camisa", "la carta", "la ciudad", "la cocina", "la cuenta", "la ducha", "la entrada", "la escalera", "la escuela", "la fiesta", "la frase", "la gente", "la guerra", "la habitación", "the avenue", "the library", "the street", "the shirt", "the letter", "the city", "the kitchen", "the check, the bill", "the shower", "the entrance", "the stairs", "the school", "the party", "the sentence", "the people", "the war", "the room", "la hoja", "la librería", "la llave", "la medicina", "la música", "la obra", "la página", "la palabra", "la pared", "la playa", "la pregunta", "la puerta", "la salida", "la salud", "la semana", "la tarea", "la tarjeta", "the leaf", "the bookstore", "the key", "the medicine", "the music", "the play", "the page", "the word", "the wall", "the beach", "the question", "the door", "the exit", "the health", "the week", "the homework", "the postcard"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está, está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están, hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Hay, Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "son, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "somos, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Es, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estoy, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "son, están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "están, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "es, son", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.6 1. es 2. está 3. es 4. es 5. Hay 6. está, está, está 7. Hay 8. están, hay 9. Hay, Es 10. hay 11. son, son 12. somos, son 13. Es, está 14. estoy, está 15. Es 16. Hay 17. es, es 18. son, están 19. están, está 20. es 21. es, son", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está, está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están, hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Hay, Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "son, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "somos, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Es, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estoy, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "son, están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "están, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "es, son", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es 2. está 3. es 4. es 5. Hay 6. está, está, está 7. Hay 8. están, hay 9. Hay, Es 10. hay 11. son, son 12. somos, son 13. Es, está 14. estoy, está 15. Es 16. Hay 17. es, es 18. son, están 19. están, está 20. es 21. es, son"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "3.7", "ansAnchor": "ch3ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde están los estudiantes los domingos?", "2. El sábado y el domingo son días de fiesta.", "3. En la primavera, hay flores bellas en los parques.", "4. En el otoño, hay hojas amarillas y rojas en los árboles.", "5. ¿Qué día es hoy? Hoy es miércoles. ¿Qué mes es? Es septiembre.", "6. ¿Cuántos días hay en junio? ¿Cuántos días hay en un año?", "7. Las calles de México son estrechas. Las casas son bajas y bonitas.", "8. ¿Por qué están los periódicos y las revistas en el piso?", "9. Hay clase, pero los estudiantes están en la playa donde hay una piscina también. El profesor está enojado pero los estudiantes están alegres.", "10. Los edificios de las ciudades grandes son altos.", "11. Los niños están en la playa porque es el verano.", "12. Mucha gente está en los restaurantes porque es el invierno."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Where are the students on Sundays?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Saturday and Sunday are holidays", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The buildings of the big cities are tall", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The children are at the beach because it is summer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "3.7 1. Where are the students on Sundays? 2. Saturday and Sunday are holidays. 3. In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks. 4. In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees. 5. What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September. 6. How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year? 7. The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty. 8. Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor? 9. There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy. 10. The buildings of the big cities are tall. 11. The children are at the beach because it is summer. 12. A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Where are the students on Sundays?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Saturday and Sunday are holidays", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The buildings of the big cities are tall", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The children are at the beach because it is summer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Where are the students on Sundays? 2. Saturday and Sunday are holidays. 3. In the spring, there are beautiful flowers in the parks. 4. In the autumn, there are yellow and red leaves on the trees. 5. What day is today? Today is Wednesday. What month is it? It is September. 6. How many days are there in June? How many days are there in a year? 7. The streets of Mexico are narrow. The houses are low and pretty. 8. Why are the newspapers and the magazines on the floor? 9. There is class, but the students are at the beach where there is a swimming pool also. The professor is angry but the students are happy. 10. The buildings of the big cities are tall. 11. The children are at the beach because it is summer. 12. A lot of people are in the restaurants because it is winter."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El cine"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Roberto Vélez es director de cine. ° Él es de España y las películas ° de él son cómicas. ° Rosa Morales es argentina y es directora también. Las películas de ella son más tristes porque en la Argentina hay mucha pobreza. ° Hoy, ellos están contentos porque están en Cannes, el festival de la Palma de Oro. Hay actores, directores, jurados ° y gente importante en la ciudad. Roberto y Rosa están emocionados. ° La presentación de los premios ° es esta noche. Muchas películas son interesantes este año, ¿pero cuál es la película favorita de los jurados?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿De dónde es Roberto Vélez? ¿De dónde es Rosa Morales?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Dónde están? _______________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Son ellos amigos? _______________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el cine the movies (in general)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la película the film"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° cómico(a) funny"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la pobreza poverty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el jurado judge"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° emocionado excited"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el premio award, prize"}]}, {"id": "ch4", "number": 4, "title": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Cardinal Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A cardinal number is any number that expresses an amount, such as one, two, three. Here are the Spanish cardinal numbers up to 100."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "cero", "uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco", "seis", "siete", "ocho", "nueve", "diez", "once", "doce", "trece", "catorce", "quince", "dieciséis", "diecisiete", "dieciocho", "diecinueve", "veinte", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "veintiuno", "veintidós", "veintitrés", "veinticuatro", "veinticinco", "veintiséis", "veintisiete", "veintiocho", "veintinueve", "treinta", "treinta y uno", "treinta y dos", "treinta y tres", "treinta y cuatro", "treinta y cinco", "treinta y seis", "treinta y siete", "treinta y ocho", "treinta y nueve", "carenta", "50", "60", "70", "80", "90", "cincuenta", "sesenta", "setenta", "ochenta", "noventa"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 36, "cards": [{"front": "1 uno", "back": "21 veintiuno"}, {"front": "50", "back": "cincuenta"}, {"front": "2 dos", "back": "22"}, {"front": "veintidós", "back": "60 sesenta"}, {"front": "3 tres", "back": "23"}, {"front": "veintitrés", "back": "70 setenta"}, {"front": "4 cuatro", "back": "24"}, {"front": "veinticuatro", "back": "80 ochenta"}, {"front": "5 cinco", "back": "25"}, {"front": "veinticinco", "back": "90 noventa"}, {"front": "7", "back": "siete"}, {"front": "27", "back": "veintisiete"}, {"front": "8", "back": "ocho"}, {"front": "28", "back": "veintiocho"}, {"front": "9", "back": "nueve"}, {"front": "29", "back": "veintinueve"}, {"front": "10", "back": "diez"}, {"front": "30", "back": "treinta"}, {"front": "11", "back": "once"}, {"front": "31", "back": "treinta y uno"}, {"front": "12", "back": "doce"}, {"front": "32", "back": "treinta y dos"}, {"front": "13", "back": "trece"}, {"front": "33", "back": "treinta y tres"}, {"front": "14", "back": "catorce"}, {"front": "34", "back": "treinta y cuatro"}, {"front": "15", "back": "quince"}, {"front": "35", "back": "treinta y cinco"}, {"front": "16", "back": "dieciséis"}, {"front": "36", "back": "treinta y seis"}, {"front": "17", "back": "diecisiete"}, {"front": "37", "back": "treinta y siete"}, {"front": "18", "back": "dieciocho"}, {"front": "38", "back": "treinta y ocho"}, {"front": "19", "back": "diecinueve"}, {"front": "39", "back": "treinta y nueve"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 40, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following rules for the use of cardinal numbers in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Numbers after 15, quince, are formed by combining numbers: 10 + 6 = 16, diez y seis son dieciséis."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The numbers from 16 to 19 and from 21 to 29 are expressed as one word: 22, veinte y dos  veintidós."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Numbers after 30, treinta, end in -a and do not combine with the next number. They are expressed as individual words: 34, treinta y cuatro, for example. This is true for the numbers 31 to 99, treinta y uno to noventa y nueve."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In English we say one hundred and ten. Spanish does not use y to connect hundreds and the following number: 110, ciento diez; 220, doscientos veinte; 315, trescientos quince."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• When a masculine noun follows the number 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, or 91, the -o is dropped from uno."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["veintiún años", "treinta y un libros", "cincuenta y un gatos", "sesenta y un hombres", "noventa y un amigos", "21 years", "31 books", "51 cats", "61 men", "91 friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "veintiún años", "back": "21 years"}, {"front": "cincuenta y un gatos", "back": "51 cats"}, {"front": "sesenta y un hombres", "back": "61 men"}, {"front": "noventa y un amigos", "back": "91 friends"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• When a feminine noun follows a number ending in uno (English one), the feminine form is una."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuarenta y una mujeres", "setenta y una muchachas", "ochenta y una amigas", "41 women", "71 girls", "81 friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "setenta y una muchachas", "back": "71 girls"}, {"front": "ochenta y una amigas", "back": "81 friends"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The number 100 in Spanish uses the following pattern."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cien", "ciento uno", "ciento cincuenta", "ciento noventa y nueve", "100", "101", "150", "199"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "cien", "back": "100"}, {"front": "ciento uno", "back": "101"}, {"front": "ciento cincuenta", "back": "150"}, {"front": "ciento noventa y nueve", "back": "199"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cien becomes ciento if it is followed by any number less than itself. Before all nouns, masculine or feminine, it remains cien."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0041-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cien libros", "cien casas", "100 books", "100 houses", "cien hombres", "cien mujeres", "100 men", "100 women"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "cien libros", "back": "cien hombres 100 men"}, {"front": "cien casas 100 houses", "back": "cien mujeres 100 women"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 41, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The numbers 200 to 900 agree with the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0042-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["200", "300", "400", "500", "600", "700", "800", "900", "doscientos", "doscientos hoteles", "doscientas puertas", "trescientos", "trescientos gatos", "trescientas tiendas", "cuatrocientos", "cuatrocientos trenes", "cuatrocientas luces", "quinientos", "quinientos animales", "quinientas flores", "seiscientos", "seiscientos árboles", "seiscientas fiestas", "setecientos", "setecientos barcos", "setecientas plantas", "ochocientos", "ochocientos sueños", "ochocientas mesas", "novecientos", "novecientos espejos", "novecientas siestas", "200 hotels", "200 doors", "300 cats", "300 stores", "400 trains", "400 lights", "500 animals", "500 flowers", "600 trees", "600 parties", "700 boats", "700 plants", "800 dreams", "800 tables", "900 mirrors", "900 naps"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 42, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Spanish numbers beginning with 1000, mil, are not counted in hundreds."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0042-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1.000", "1.000.000", "2.000.000", "mil", "mil años", "dos mil años", "un millón (de)", "un millón de dólares", "dos millones (de)", "dos millones de preguntas", "1000 years", "2000 years", "a million dollars", "two million questions"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 42, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mil does not change (dos mil, tres mil, cinco mil), nor does it need the article un (English a) in front of it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not count in hundreds after 1,000. The number 1992 is formed by combining 1000 + 900 + 92: mil novecientos noventa y dos. The number 2006 is dos mil seis."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The plural miles is used only to refer to a large but inexact amount, the way English uses tons: Hay miles de personas en el restaurante. There are tons of people in the restaurant."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Note that Spanish uses the period to separate thousands; the comma is used to indicate decimals: $90,25 is noventa dólares y veinticinco centavos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Numbers are an important part of everyday life. People tell you their telephone numbers or ask you to meet them at a specific address. Try to practice numbers with a partner, perhaps a native speaker."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.1", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by writing in the Spanish numbers (in words).", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. En febrero, hay ___________________ (28) días; cada ___________________ (4) años, hay ___________________ (29) días.", "2. ¿En qué meses hay ___________________ (31) días?", "3. Hay ___________________ (7) días en una semana; ___________________ (52) semanas en un año.", "4. Hay ___________________ (76) lápices en la tienda y ___________________ (67) plumas.", "5. Hay ___________________ (21) muchachas en el baño, pero hay solamente ___________________ (1) espejo.", "6. Hay _____________________ (135) libros de español en la librería.", "7. En la biblioteca, hay _______________________ (2,456) libros.", "8. ___________________ (91) y _____________________ (542) son _____________________ (633).", "9. _____________________ (860) menos ___________________ (50) son _____________________ (810).", "10. Hay ___________________ (100) camisas rojas en la tienda y hay ___________________ (100) pantalones.", "11. Hay ___________________ (15) capítulos en el libro; hay _____________________ (254) páginas.", "12. Hay _____________________ (235) restaurantes en la ciudad."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "treinta y un", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "siete, cincuenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "setenta y seis, sesenta y siete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "veintiuna, un", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cien, cien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "doscientos treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.1 1. veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve 2. treinta y un 3. siete, cincuenta y dos 4. setenta y seis, sesenta y siete 5. veintiuna, un 6. ciento treinta y cinco 7. dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis 8. Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres 9. Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez 10. cien, cien 11. quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro 12. doscientos treinta y cinco", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "treinta y un", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "siete, cincuenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "setenta y seis, sesenta y siete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "veintiuna, un", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cien, cien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "doscientos treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. veintiocho, cuatro, veintinueve 2. treinta y un 3. siete, cincuenta y dos 4. setenta y seis, sesenta y siete 5. veintiuna, un 6. ciento treinta y cinco 7. dos mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis 8. Noventa y uno, quinientos cuarenta y dos, seiscientos treinta y tres 9. Ochocientos sesenta, cincuenta, ochocientos diez 10. cien, cien 11. quince, doscientas cincuenta y cuatro 12. doscientos treinta y cinco"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ordinal Numbers"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ordinal numbers express position in a series, such as first, second, third."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["primero", "segundo", "tercero", "cuarto", "quinto", "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sexto", "séptimo", "octavo", "noveno", "décimo", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9078947368421053, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "primero", "back": "first"}, {"front": "sexto", "back": "sixth"}, {"front": "segundo", "back": "second"}, {"front": "séptimo", "back": "seventh"}, {"front": "tercero", "back": "third"}, {"front": "octavo", "back": "eighth"}, {"front": "cuarto", "back": "fourth"}, {"front": "noveno", "back": "ninth"}, {"front": "quinto", "back": "fifth"}, {"front": "décimo", "back": "tenth"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 44, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following rules for the use of ordinal numbers in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Ordinal numbers in Spanish precede the noun and agree in gender with the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Primero and tercero drop the -o before a masculine noun: el primer piso, el tercer piso."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0044-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["primero first", "el primer hombre", "la primera mujer", "segundo second", "el segundo mes", "la segunda parte", "tercero third", "el tercer día", "la tercera semana", "the first man", "the first woman", "the second month", "the second part", "the third day", "the third week"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9078947368421053, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 44, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0045-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuarto fourth", "el cuarto piso", "la cuarta lección", "quinto fifth", "el quinto mes", "la quinta avenida", "sexto sixth", "el sexto tren", "la sexta calle", "séptimo seventh", "el séptimo capítulo", "la séptima página", "octavo eighth", "el octavo libro", "la octava pregunta", "noveno ninth", "el noveno presidente", "la novena fiesta", "décimo tenth", "el décimo sueño", "la décima razón", "¿ Dónde está la quinta avenida?", "Hay una librería en la sexta", "calle.", "El tercer capítulo es", "interesante.", "La oficina del doctor está en", "el sexto piso.", "Ana y María son las primeras", "estudiantes en la clase.", "the fourth floor", "the fourth lesson", "the fifth month", "Fifth Avenue (the fifth avenue)", "the sixth train", "Sixth Street (the sixth street)", "the seventh chapter", "the seventh page", "the eighth book", "the eighth question", "the ninth president", "the ninth party", "the tenth dream", "the tenth reason", "Where is Fifth Avenue?", "There is a bookstore on Siath Street", "The third chapter is interesting.", "The doctor's office is on the sixth", "floor.", "Ana and María are the first", "students in the dass"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696428435189384, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "el quinto mes la quinta avenida", "back": "the fifth month / Fifth Avenue (the fifth avenue)"}, {"front": "Hay una librería en la sexta ¿ Dónde está la quinta avenida?", "back": "Where is Fifth Avenue? / There is a bookstore on Siath Street"}, {"front": "estudiantes en la clase.", "back": "Ana y María son las primeras / students in the dass Ana and María are the first"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 45, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Ordinal numbers are used for kings, queens, popes, and centuries; in this case, they follow the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el siglo segundo", "Carlos Quinto", "the second century", "Charles the Fifth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Carlos Quinto", "back": "Charles the Fifth"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Beginning with the ordinal number eleventh, state the noun first, then the cardinal number. Thus Eleventh Street is expressed as la calle once (English the street eleven)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el piso catorce", "la calle once", "la lección veintitrés", "el piso ciento tres", "the fourteenth floor", "(the floor fourteen)", "Eleventh Street", "(the street eleven)", "the twenty-third lesson", "(the lesson twenty-three)", "the one hundred and third floor", "the floor one hundred and three,"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.2", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish equivalent (in words) of each phrase.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hay una biblioteca en ___________________ (72nd Street).", "2. El trabajo de Lola está en ___________________ (the 40th floor).", "3. Hay un restaurante en ___________________ (135th Street).", "4. ___________________ (The third chapter) es interesante.", "5. ___________________ (The fourth lesson) es horrible.", "6. Mayo es ___________________ (the fifth month) del año."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Hay una feria en", "la tercera avenida", "(Third Avenue)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la calle setenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el piso cuarenta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la calle ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "El tercer capítulo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La cuarta lección", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el quinto mes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.2 1. la calle setenta y dos 2. el piso cuarenta 3. la calle ciento treinta y cinco 4. El tercer capítulo 5. La cuarta lección 6. el quinto mes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la calle setenta y dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el piso cuarenta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la calle ciento treinta y cinco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "El tercer capítulo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La cuarta lección", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el quinto mes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la calle setenta y dos 2. el piso cuarenta 3. la calle ciento treinta y cinco 4. El tercer capítulo 5. La cuarta lección 6. el quinto mes"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Date"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses the cardinal numbers 2 to 31 to indicate all days of the month except the first."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0046-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?", "Hoy es el cinco de mayo.", "Mañana es el seis de mayo.", "Es el veintiocho de febrero.", "Es el treinta y uno de octubre.", "What is today's date!", "Today is May 5", "Tomorrow is May 6.", "It is February 28.", "It is October 31."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 46, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses an ordinal number only to indicate the first of the month, el primero del mes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hoy es el primero de junio.", "Mañana es el primero de octubre.", "Today is June 1.", "Tomorrow is October 1"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Hoy es el primero de junio.", "back": "Today is June 1."}, {"front": "Mañana es el primero de octubre.", "back": "Tomorrow is October 1"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.3", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish term or number. Always write numbers as words.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hoy es __________________ (Thursday), el __________________ (11th) de mayo.", "2. ¿Por qué estamos en clase __________________ (on Saturdays)?", "3. Hay __________________ (100) personas en el restaurante nuevo.", "4. La fecha del nacimiento de Sandra es __________________ __________________ (Oct. 18, 1973).", "5. Es el __________________ (14th) de diciembre del __________________ (2006).", "6. ¿Quién es el __________________ (first) hombre y la __________________ (first) mujer?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "jueves, once", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los sábados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "catorce, dos mil seis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "primer, primera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.3 1. jueves, once 2. los sábados 3. cien 4. el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres 5. catorce, dos mil seis 6. primer, primera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "jueves, once", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los sábados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "catorce, dos mil seis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "primer, primera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. jueves, once 2. los sábados 3. cien 4. el dieciocho de octubre mil novecientos setenta y tres 5. catorce, dos mil seis 6. primer, primera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Telling Time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express time in the sense of telling time, Spanish uses la hora."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué hora es?", "What hour is it:", "What time is it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to tell time, Spanish always uses the third-person singular or plural of ser. Start by learning the expressions for telling exact time on the hour, from one o’clock to twelve o’clock. La represents la hora, and las represents las horas."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una.", "Son las dos.", "Son las tres.", "Son las cuatro.", "It is one o'clock.", "It is two o'clock.", "It is three o'clock", "It is four o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Es la una.", "back": "It is one o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las dos.", "back": "It is two o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las tres.", "back": "It is three o'clock"}, {"front": "Son las cuatro.", "back": "It is four o'clock."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 47, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las cinco.", "Son las seis.", "Son las siete.", "Son las ocho.", "Son las nueve.", "Son las diez.", "Son las once.", "Son las doce.", "It is five o'clock.", "It is six o'clock.", "It is seven o'clock.", "It is eight o'clock.", "It is nine o'clock.", "It is ten o'clock.", "It is eleven o'clock.", "It is twelve o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The part of day is specified as follows."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de la mañana", "de la tarde", "de la noche", "Son las dos de la mañana.", "Es la una de la tarde.", "Son las ocho de la noche.", "(of the) morning, A.M.", "(of the) afternoon, P.M.", "(of the) night, P.M.", "It is two o'clock in the morning.", "It is one o'clock in the afternoon", "It is eight o'clock at night."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate the exact hour or “sharp,” Spanish uses exactamente or en punto."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las cinco exactamente.", "Son las diez en punto.", "It's exactly five o'clock", "It's ten o'clock sharp."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9871794871794872, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Son las cinco exactamente.", "back": "It's exactly five o'clock"}, {"front": "Son las diez en punto.", "back": "It's ten o'clock sharp."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate an approximate time, Spanish uses a eso de + the hour or the hour + más o menos."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es a eso de la una.", "Es la una, más o menos.", "It's about one o'clock.", "It's one o'clock, more or less"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9871794871794872, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Es a eso de la una.", "back": "It's about one o'clock."}, {"front": "Es la una, más o menos.", "back": "It's one o'clock, more or less"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express a time after the hour, state the hour + y (English and, plus) + the number of minutes. This adds the minutes to the hour."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0048-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una y veinte.", "Son las cinco y diez.", "Son las dos y cinco.", "It is 1:20.", "(It is one o'clock plus twenty", "minutes.)", "It is 5:10.", "(It is five o'clock plus ten minutes.)", "It is 2:05.", "(It is two o'clock plus five minutes.,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 48, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When it is a quarter after the hour, Spanish uses quince (English fifteen) or cuarto (English quarter)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las tres y quince.", "Son las seis y cuarto.", "It is 3:15.", "(It is three o'clock plus fifteen", "minutes.)", "It is 6:15.", "(It is six o'clock plus a quarter hour."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Son las tres y quince.", "back": "It is 3:15."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When it is half past the hour, Spanish uses treinta (English thirty) or media (English half)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las nueve y treinta.", "Son las ocho y media.", "It is 9:30.", "(It is nine o'clock plus thirty", "minutes.)", "It is 8:30.", "(It is eight o'clock plus a half hour.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Son las nueve y treinta.", "back": "It is 9:30."}, {"front": "Son las ocho y media.", "back": "It is 8:30."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express a time before the hour, state the hour + menos (English minus) + the number of minutes. This subtracts the minutes from the hour."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Son las tres menos diez.", "Son las once menos cinco.", "Son las nueve menos cuarto.", "Son las doce menos quince.", "It is 2:50.", "(It is three o' clock minus ten", "minutes.)", "It is 10:55.", "(It is eleven o'clock minus five", "minutes.)", "It is 8:45.", "(It is nine o'clock minus a quarter", "hour.)", "It is 11:45.", "(It is twelve o' clock minus fifteen", "minutes.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An alternate way to express time before the hour is to state the number of minutes + para + the hour. This expression, which closely follows English syntax, is not a full sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0049-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cinco para las tres.", "Veinticinco para las dos.", "Quince para las seis.", "Five (minutes) to three (o'clock).", "Twenty-five (minutes) to two (o'clock)", "Fifteen (minutes) to six (o'clock)."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Cinco para las tres.", "back": "Five (minutes) to three (o'clock)."}, {"front": "Veinticinco para las dos.", "back": "Twenty-five (minutes) to two (o'clock)"}, {"front": "Quince para las seis.", "back": "Fifteen (minutes) to six (o'clock)."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 49, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To indicate that something is happening at a certain time, Spanish uses an expression with the preposition a (English at)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0050-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A qué hora?", "A la una.", "A las dos.", "A las tres.", "{ At what hones", "At what time?", "At one o'clock.", "At two o'clock.", "At three o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 50, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The expressions for after the hour (the hour + y + the number of minutes) and before the hour (the hour + menos + the number of minutes) remain the same after a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0050-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A las cuatro y diez.", "A las cinco y cuarto.", "A las seis y cinco.", "A las siete y tres.", "A las ocho y media.", "A las nueve menos quince.", "A las diez menos veinte.", "A las once menos veinticinco.", "A la una menos diez.", "At 4:10.", "At 5:15.", "At 6:05.", "At 7:03.", "At 8:30.", "At 8:45.", "At 9:40.", "At 10:35", "At 12:50"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 50, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.4", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans4", "instruction": "A. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate Spanish time. Include de la mañana, de la tarde, or de la noche, and always write numbers as words.", "extra": ["B. Translate the following time expressions into Spanish. Include the appropriate expression to indicate morning, afternoon, or evening, and always write numbers as words."], "prompts": ["1. El programa es ____________________ (at 6 P.M.).", "2. ____________________ (At 8 A.M.) estoy en casa.", "3. ____________________ (At 1 P.M.) estamos en la oficina.", "4. ____________________ (At 7:15 P.M.) estamos en un restaurante.", "5. ____________________ (It is 10 P.M.) ¿Dónde están los niños?"], "ocrLines": ["1. It is 2:20 P.M.", "2. It is 4:30 A.M.", "3. It is 9:15 P.M.", "4. It is 6:00 P.M. sharp.", "5. It is 3:35 P.M.", "6. It is 7:10 A.M.", "7. At about 2:00 P.M.", "8. At 9 A.M. exactly.", "Son las cinco exactamente.", "Son las diez en punto.", "It's exactly five o'clock.", "It's ten o'clock sharp.", "To indicate an approximate time, Spanish uses a eso de + the hour or the", "hour + mas o menos.", "Es a eso de la una.", "Es la una, más o menos.", "It's about one o'clock.", "It's one o'clock, more or less.", "To express a time after the hour, state the hour + y (English and, plus) + the", "number of minutes. This adds the minutes to the hour.", "Es la una y veinte.", "Son las cinco y diez.", "Son las dos y cinco.", "It is 1:20.", "(It is one o'clock plus twenty", "minutes.)", "It is 5:10", "(It is five o'clock plus ten minutes.)", "It is 2:05.", "(It is two o'clock plus five minutes.)", "When it is a quarter after the hour, Spanish uses quince (English fifteen) or", "cuarto (English quarter).", "Son las tres y quince.", "Son las seis y cuarto.", "It is 3:15.", "(It is three o'clock plus fifteen", "It is 6:15.", "(It is six o'clock plus a quarter hour:)", "When it is half past the hour, Spanish uses treinta (English thirty) or media", "(English half).", "Son las nueve y treinta.", "Son las ocho y media.", "It is 9:30.", "(It is nine o'clock plus thirty", "It is 8:30.", "(It is eight o'clock plus a half hour.)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": "A", "number": 1, "answer": "a las seis de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 2, "answer": "A las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 3, "answer": "A la una de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 4, "answer": "A las siete y quince de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "A", "number": 5, "answer": "Son las diez de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 1, "answer": "Son las dos y veinte de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 2, "answer": "Son las cuatro y media de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 3, "answer": "Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 4, "answer": "Son las seis en punto", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 5, "answer": "Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 6, "answer": "Son las siete y diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 7, "answer": "A eso de las dos de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": "B", "number": 8, "answer": "A las nueve de la mañana exactamente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.4 A 1. a las seis de la tarde 2. A las ocho de la mañana 3. A la una de la tarde 4. A las siete y quince de la noche 5. Son las diez de la noche.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": "A", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "a las seis de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "A las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "A la una de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "A las siete y quince de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Son las diez de la noche", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. a las seis de la tarde 2. A las ocho de la mañana 3. A la una de la tarde 4. A las siete y quince de la noche 5. Son las diez de la noche."}, {"label": "B", "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Son las dos y veinte de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Son las cuatro y media de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Son las seis en punto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Son las siete y diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "A eso de las dos de la tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "A las nueve de la mañana exactamente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Son las dos y veinte de la tarde. 2. Son las cuatro y media de la mañana. 3. Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche. 4. Son las seis en punto. 5. Son las cuatro menos veinticinco de la tarde. 6. Son las siete y diez de la mañana. 7. A eso de las dos de la tarde. 8. A las nueve de la mañana exactamente."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El restaurante"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es la una de la tarde y el restaurante español está lleno. ° Es un restaurante popular y económico. Hay dieciocho mesas y cinco camareros excelentes. En cada mesa hay cuatro o cinco personas. El ambiente ° es espectacular. La gente está alegre porque es un día de fiesta ° y no hay trabajo. Hay dos pisos; en el primer piso, hay bebidas ° y tapas; ° en el segundo piso, hay bebidas también y el plato del día. En el menú, hay pollo, carne y mucho pescado. ° En el especial del día, hay sopa, papas, vegetales, ensalada, postre, ° y café o té. Todo ° está sabroso hoy."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° lleno full"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° el ambiente the atmosphere"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° un día de fiesta holiday"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° una bebida a drink"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° tapas small appetizers, Spanish style"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° pollo, carne, pescado chicken, meat, fish"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° sopa, papas, vegetales, ensalada, postre soup, potatoes, vegetables, salad, dessert"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° todo everything"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué está lleno el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos pisos hay?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿En que país está este restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuántas personas hay en el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el agua", "el almuerzo", "el camarero", "la carta", "la cena", "el cheque", "la cocina", "el comedor", "la comida", "la cuchara", "el cuchillo", "la cuenta", "the water", "the lunch", "the waiter", "the menu", "the supper", "the check", "the kitchen", "the dining room", "the meal", "the spoon", "the knife", "the check, the bill", "el desayuno", "el impuesto", "el mantel", "el menú", "el mozo", "el plato", "la propina", "la servilleta", "la tarjeta de", "crédito", "el tenedor", "el vaso", "the breakfast", "the tax", "the tablecloth", "the menu", "the waiter", "the plate", "the tip", "the napkin", "the credit card", "the fork", "the glass"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 22, "cards": [{"front": "el agua", "back": "the water"}, {"front": "el desayuno", "back": "the breakfast"}, {"front": "el almuerzo", "back": "the lunch"}, {"front": "el impuesto", "back": "the tax"}, {"front": "el camarero", "back": "the waiter"}, {"front": "el mantel", "back": "the tablecloth"}, {"front": "la carta", "back": "the menu"}, {"front": "el menú", "back": "the menu"}, {"front": "la cena", "back": "the supper"}, {"front": "el mozo", "back": "the waiter"}, {"front": "el cheque", "back": "the check"}, {"front": "el plato", "back": "the plate"}, {"front": "la cocina", "back": "the kitchen"}, {"front": "la propina", "back": "the tip"}, {"front": "el comedor", "back": "the dining room"}, {"front": "la servilleta", "back": "the napkin"}, {"front": "la comida", "back": "the meal"}, {"front": "la tarjeta de", "back": "the credit card"}, {"front": "el cuchillo", "back": "the knife"}, {"front": "el tenedor", "back": "the fork"}, {"front": "la cuenta", "back": "the check, the bill"}, {"front": "el vaso", "back": "the glass"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 52, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish nouns ending in -a that begin with a stressed a or ha are feminine, but they take the masculine article el in the singular and the feminine article las in the plural. El agua is the most common of these nouns: el agua fría, las aguas frías."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0052-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el águila, las águilas", "el alma, las almas", "el arma, las armas", "el hacha, las hachas", "the eagle, the eagles", "the soul, the souls", "the weapon, the weapons", "the axe, the axes"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "el águila, las águilas", "back": "the eagle, the eagles"}, {"front": "el alma, las almas", "back": "the soul, the souls"}, {"front": "el arma, las armas", "back": "the weapon, the weapons"}, {"front": "el hacha, las hachas", "back": "the axe, the axes"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 52, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caliente", "delicioso", "fresco", "frío", "limpio", "lleno", "warm, hot", "delicious", "fresh", "cold", "clean", "full", "picante", "sabroso", "sano", "seco", "sucio", "vacío", "spicy", "delicious", "healthy", "dry", "dirty", "empty"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "caliente", "back": "warm, hot"}, {"front": "picante", "back": "spicy"}, {"front": "delicioso", "back": "delicious"}, {"front": "sabroso", "back": "delicious"}, {"front": "fresco", "back": "fresh"}, {"front": "sano", "back": "healthy"}, {"front": "frío", "back": "cold"}, {"front": "seco", "back": "dry"}, {"front": "limpio", "back": "clean"}, {"front": "sucio", "back": "dirty"}, {"front": "lleno", "back": "full"}, {"front": "vacío", "back": "empty"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones de la hora en general (Expressions of time in general)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es mediodía.", "Es medianoche.", "Es temprano.", "Es tarde.", "It is midday. / It is noon", "It is midnight.", "It is early.", "It is late."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Es mediodía.", "back": "It is midday. / It is noon"}, {"front": "Es temprano.", "back": "It is early."}, {"front": "Es tarde.", "back": "It is late."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones cuantitativas (Quantitative expressions)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0053-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["una vez.", "doble", "dos veces", "triple", "tres veces", "la mitad", "one time, once", "double", "two times, twice", "triple", "three times", "(a) half"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 53, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.5", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Son las dos de la tarde y los estudiantes están en clase.", "2. La cocina está sucia pero el baño está limpio.", "3. ¿Dónde están los trece camareros del restaurante?", "4. Hay clase los lunes y los jueves.", "5. A las ocho y media, la sopa está fría y los platos están sucios.", "6. ¿Cuántos vasos hay en la mesa a las siete de la mañana en la casa de Ricardo?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "There is class on Mondays and Thursdays", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "4.5 1. It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class. 2. The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean. 3. Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters? 4. There is class on Mondays and Thursdays. 5. At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty. 6. How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "There is class on Mondays and Thursdays", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the students are in class. 2. The kitchen is dirty, but the bathroom is clean. 3. Where are the restaurant’s 13 waiters? 4. There is class on Mondays and Thursdays. 5. At eight thirty, the soup is cold and the dishes are dirty. 6. How many glasses are there on the table at seven in the morning in Richard’s house?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "4.6", "ansAnchor": "ch4ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuántas semanas hay en un año?", "2. ¿Cuántos días hay en un año?", "3. ¿Cuánto es ochenta y dos menos veintiséis?", "4. ¿Cuánto es sesenta y siete y ciento treinta?", "5. En la casa hay cuatro comedores y dos cocinas. ¿Es grande la casa o es pequeña?", "6. ¿Por qué están Uds. contentos los miércoles en la primavera?", "7. ¿Es deliciosa la comida italiana?", "8. ¿A qué hora es el desayuno?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "4.6 Answers will vary. 1. Hay cincuenta y dos semanas en un año. 2. Hay trescientos sesenta y cinco días en un año. 3. Son cincuenta y seis. 4. Son ciento noventa y siete. 5. Es grande. 6. Porque hay muchas flores. 7. Sí, es deliciosa. 8. El desayuno es a las siete de la mañana.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Hay cincuenta y dos semanas en un año. 2. Hay trescientos sesenta y cinco días en un año. 3. Son cincuenta y seis. 4. Son ciento noventa y siete. 5. Es grande. 6. Porque hay muchas flores. 7. Sí, es deliciosa. 8. El desayuno es a las siete de la mañana."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El oficio de la casa"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el otoño y el aire está fresco. Son las once de la mañana y es un buen día para el oficio de la casa. Hoy, todo es un desorden."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En el dormitorio, la ropa está en el piso; las sábanas y las almohadas están sucias. La cocina es otro cuento. Hay polvo encima de la nevera y la estufa; las cucharas, los cuchillos, los tenedores y los platos están en el lavaplatos. Hay manchas feas en el piso de la cocina. El baño del primer piso está sucio pero por lo menos, es pequeño. ¿Dónde está mi esponja para la cocina y el baño? Siempre están en el gabinete. También, hay una escoba para la sala y una aspiradora para la alfombra roja del comedor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Qué hora es? Son las dos ya. Es la hora del almuerzo. En la nevera, hay sopa sabrosa de pescado y vegetales, pollo y papas fritas, y hay una torta y helado para el postre. Es el veintiuno de septiembre, el día de mi cumpleaños, un día agradable para estar en la casa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0055-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la almohada", "la aspiradora", "el cumpleaños", "un desorden", "el dormitorio", "la escoba", "la esponja", "el helado", "el lavaplatos", "la mancha", "el oficio", "el polvo", "la ropa", "la sábana", "the pillow", "the vacuum cleaner", "the birthday", "a mess", "the bedroom", "the broom", "the sponge", "the ice cream", "the dishwasher", "the stain", "the work, the job", "the dust", "the clothes", "the sheet"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9824561403508771, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "la almohada", "back": "the pillow"}, {"front": "la aspiradora", "back": "the vacuum cleaner"}, {"front": "el cumpleaños", "back": "the birthday"}, {"front": "un desorden", "back": "a mess"}, {"front": "el dormitorio", "back": "the bedroom"}, {"front": "la escoba", "back": "the broom"}, {"front": "la esponja", "back": "the sponge"}, {"front": "el helado", "back": "the ice cream"}, {"front": "el lavaplatos", "back": "the dishwasher"}, {"front": "la mancha", "back": "the stain"}, {"front": "el oficio", "back": "the work, the job"}, {"front": "el polvo", "back": "the dust"}, {"front": "la ropa", "back": "the clothes"}, {"front": "la sábana", "back": "the sheet"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 55, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0055-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al principio", "es otro cuento", "por lo menos", "at the beginning", "it's another story", "at least"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9824561403508771, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "al principio", "back": "at the beginning"}, {"front": "es otro cuento", "back": "it's another story"}, {"front": "por lo menos", "back": "at least"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 55, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Qué estación es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué hora es al principio del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Dónde están las cucharas, los cuchillos y los tenedores?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Está sucia o limpia la casa?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Es hoy el día de cumpleaños?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch5", "number": 5, "title": "Regular Verbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All Spanish verbs belong to one of three classifications, called conjugations, depending on the ending of the infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Each conjugation has its own set of endings that are added to the stem of the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["verb stem + infinitive ending = infinitive", "cant + ar = cantar", "com + er = comer", "viv + ir = vivir"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs are considered regular if there is no change in the stem when it is conjugated."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present tense is used to express the English simple present (I sing) and the English present progressive tense (I am singing)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta una canción triste.", "She sings a sad song.", "¿ She is sinsing a sad song-"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella canta una canción triste.", "back": "She sings a sad song."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Questions are formed by inverting the subject and the verb. In this case, the translation of the Spanish present tense includes the English helping verb do. Questions can also be indicated by rising intonation, without a change in word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0056-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cantas tú los domingos?", "¿Tú cantas los domingos?", "Do you sing on Sundays!", "You sing on Sundays?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.785964898895799, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cantas tú los domingos?", "back": "Do you sing on Sundays!"}, {"front": "¿Tú cantas los domingos?", "back": "You sing on Sundays?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 56, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present tense can be used to express a future event if an adverbial expression of future time is included."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta con Ud. mañana.", "She'll sing with you tomorrow"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella canta con Ud. mañana.", "back": "She'll sing with you tomorrow"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no directly before the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo canto en el baño.", "No canto en el tren.", "I sing in the bathroom.", "I don't sing in the train"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "No canto en el tren.", "back": "I don't sing in the train"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar to sing", "cantar", "Infinitive", "cant-", "Stem", "-ar", "Ending", "yo canto", "I sing", "tú cantas", "you sing", "él canta", "he sings", "ella canta", "she sings", "Ud. canta", "You sing", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantáis", "ellos cantan", "ellas cantan", "Uds. cantan", "we sing", "you (pl.) sing", "they sing", "they (f.) sing", "you (pl.) sing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo canto", "back": "I sing"}, {"front": "nosotros cantamos", "back": "we sing"}, {"front": "tú cantas", "back": "you sing"}, {"front": "vosotros cantáis", "back": "you (pl.) sing"}, {"front": "él canta", "back": "he sings"}, {"front": "ellos cantan", "back": "they sing"}, {"front": "ella canta", "back": "she sings"}, {"front": "ellas cantan", "back": "they (f.) sing"}, {"front": "Ud. canta", "back": "You sing"}, {"front": "Uds. cantan", "back": "you (pl.) sing"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to pronounce Spanish precisely and correctly. All words that end in the vowels a, e, i, o, u, or the consonants n or s have their natural stress on the second-to-last, or penultimate, syllable. Make sure you pronounce the verbs this way: yo canto, tú cantas, él canta, nosotros cantamos, ellos cantan. If a word carries an accent mark, you will stress that syllable: vosotros cantáis, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0057-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bailar to dance", "yo bailo", "nosotros bailamos", "tú bailas", "vosotros bailáis", "él baila", "ellos bailan", "ella baila", "ellas bailan", "Ud. baila", "Uds. bailan", "bajar to go down, to descend", "yo bajo", "nosotros bajamos", "tú bajas", "vosotros bajáis", "él baja", "ellos bajan", "ella baja", "ellas bajan", "Ud. baja", "Uds. bajan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9772727272727273, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo bailo", "back": "nosotros bailamos"}, {"front": "yo bajo", "back": "nosotros bajamos"}, {"front": "tú bailas", "back": "vosotros bailáis"}, {"front": "tú bajas", "back": "vosotros bajáis"}, {"front": "él baila", "back": "ellos bailan"}, {"front": "él baja", "back": "ellos bajan"}, {"front": "ella baila", "back": "ellas bailan"}, {"front": "ella baja", "back": "ellas bajan"}, {"front": "Ud. baila", "back": "Uds. bailan"}, {"front": "Ud. baja", "back": "Uds. bajan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 57, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caminar to walk", "yo camino", "tú caminas", "él camina", "ella camina", "Ud. camina", "nosotros caminamos", "vosotros camináis", "ellos caminan", "ellas caminan", "Uds. caminan", "cocinar to cook", "yo cocino", "tú cocinas", "él cocina", "ella cocina", "Ud cocina", "nosotros cocinamos", "vosotros cocináis", "ellos cocinan", "ellas cocinan", "Uds. cocinan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo camino", "back": "nosotros caminamos"}, {"front": "yo cocino", "back": "nosotros cocinamos"}, {"front": "tú caminas", "back": "vosotros camináis"}, {"front": "tú cocinas", "back": "vosotros cocináis"}, {"front": "él camina", "back": "ellos caminan"}, {"front": "él cocina", "back": "ellos cocinan"}, {"front": "ella camina", "back": "ellas caminan"}, {"front": "ella cocina", "back": "ellas cocinan"}, {"front": "Ud. camina", "back": "Uds. caminan"}, {"front": "Ud cocina", "back": "Uds. cocinan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comprar to buy", "yo compro", "tú compras", "él compra", "ella compra", "Ud. compra", "nosotros compramos", "vosotros compráis", "ellos compran", "ellas compran", "Uds. compran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "yo compro", "back": "nosotros compramos"}, {"front": "tú compras", "back": "vosotros compráis"}, {"front": "él compra", "back": "ellos compran"}, {"front": "ella compra", "back": "ellas compran"}, {"front": "Ud. compra", "back": "Uds. compran"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["contestar to answer", "yo contesto", "nosotros contestamos", "tú contestas", "vosotros contestáis", "él contesta", "ellos contestan", "ella contesta", "ellas contestan", "Ud. contesta", "Uds. contestan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "yo contesto", "back": "nosotros contestamos"}, {"front": "tú contestas", "back": "vosotros contestáis"}, {"front": "él contesta", "back": "ellos contestan"}, {"front": "ella contesta", "back": "ellas contestan"}, {"front": "Ud. contesta", "back": "Uds. contestan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verbs above are presented with full conjugations so that you can practice and learn them one by one. These verbs form an essential base for all future studies. All three forms of both the third-person singular and the third-person plural conjugations have the same endings. From this point forward, only one pronoun will be used for each singular or plural third-person conjugation."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0058-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["descansar to rest", "yo descanso", "tú descansas", "ella descansa", "nosotros descansamos", "vosotros descansáis", "ellas descansan", "entrar (en) to enter (in)", "yo entro", "tú entras", "Ud. entra", "nosotros entramos", "vosotros entráis", "Uds entran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo descanso", "back": "nosotros descansamos"}, {"front": "tú descansas", "back": "vosotros descansáis"}, {"front": "ella descansa", "back": "ellas descansan"}, {"front": "yo entro", "back": "nosotros entramos"}, {"front": "tú entras", "back": "vosotros entráis"}, {"front": "Ud. entra", "back": "Uds entran"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 58, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["escuchar to listen to", "yo escucho", "nosotros escuchamos", "tú escuchas", "vosotros escucháis", "él escucha", "ellos escuchan", "estudiar to study", "yo estudio", "tú estudias", "ella estudia", "nosotros estudiamos", "vosotros estudiáis", "ellas estudian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish d is pronounced like the d in English dog when it appears at the beginning of a breath group or follows an l or n: donde, la falda, el conde. In all other cases, the Spanish d is pronounced like the soft th sound in English other. Practice estudiar with a th sound."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hablar to speak", "yo hablo", "tú hablas", "Ud. habla", "nosotros hablamos", "vosotros habláis", "Uds. hablan", "limpiar to clean", "yo limpio", "tú limpias", "ella limpia", "nosotros limpiamos", "vosotros limpiáis", "ellas limpian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo hablo", "back": "nosotros hablamos"}, {"front": "yo limpio", "back": "nosotros limpiamos"}, {"front": "tú hablas", "back": "vosotros habláis"}, {"front": "tú limpias", "back": "vosotros limpiáis"}, {"front": "Ud. habla", "back": "Uds. hablan"}, {"front": "ella limpia", "back": "ellas limpian"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["llegar to arrive", "yo llego", "tú llegas", "él llega", "nosotros llegamos", "vosotros llegáis", "ellos llegan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo llego", "back": "nosotros llegamos"}, {"front": "tú llegas", "back": "vosotros llegáis"}, {"front": "él llega", "back": "ellos llegan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The ll in Spanish is pronounced like the y in English beyond, or the s in English pleasure."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0059-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mirar to look at", "yo miro", "nosotros miramos", "tú miras", "vosotros miráis", "Ud. mira", "Uds. miran", "practicar to practice", "yo practico", "nosotros practicamos", "tú practicas", "vosotros practicáis", "ella practica", "ellas practican", "nadar to swim", "yo nado", "nosotros nadamos", "tú nadas", "vosotros nadáis", "él nada", "ellos nadan", "regresar to return", "yo regreso", "nosotros regresamos", "tú regresas", "vosotros regresáis", "Ud. regresa", "Uds. regresan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "yo miro", "back": "nosotros miramos"}, {"front": "yo nado", "back": "nosotros nadamos"}, {"front": "tú miras", "back": "vosotros miráis"}, {"front": "tú nadas", "back": "vosotros nadáis"}, {"front": "Ud. mira", "back": "Uds. miran"}, {"front": "él nada", "back": "ellos nadan"}, {"front": "yo practico", "back": "nosotros practicamos"}, {"front": "yo regreso", "back": "nosotros regresamos"}, {"front": "tú practicas", "back": "vosotros practicáis"}, {"front": "tú regresas", "back": "vosotros regresáis"}, {"front": "ella practica", "back": "ellas practican"}, {"front": "Ud. regresa", "back": "Uds. regresan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 59, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["trabajar to work", "yo trabajo", "tú trabajas", "él trabaja", "nosotros trabajamos", "vosotros trabajáis", "ellos trabajan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo trabajo", "back": "nosotros trabajamos"}, {"front": "tú trabajas", "back": "vosotros trabajáis"}, {"front": "él trabaja", "back": "ellos trabajan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Stress the penultimate syllable of the conjugated verb: tra ba jo, tra ba jas, tra ba ja, trabajamos, tra ba jan."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["viajar to travel", "yo viajo", "nosotros viajamos", "tú viajas", "vosotros viajáis", "ella viaja", "ellas viajan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo viajo", "back": "nosotros viajamos"}, {"front": "tú viajas", "back": "vosotros viajáis"}, {"front": "ella viaja", "back": "ellas viajan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The v in Spanish is pronounced like the b in English boy."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Preposition a"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preposition a means to in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a is followed by the masculine el (meaning the), the words contract to al (meaning to the). This is one of only two contractions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos al hotel.", "Yo camino al restaurante.", "We walk to the hotel.", "Twalk to the restaurant"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Caminamos al hotel.", "back": "We walk to the hotel."}, {"front": "Yo camino al restaurante.", "back": "Twalk to the restaurant"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A contraction is not formed when a is followed by the feminine la or by the plural articles los or las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0060-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos a la tienda.", "Ellos viajan a los estados del sur.", "Ella viaja a las ciudades grandes.", "We walk to the store.", "They travel to the Southern states", "She travels to the large cities."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Caminamos a la tienda.", "back": "We walk to the store."}, {"front": "Ellos viajan a los estados del sur.", "back": "They travel to the Southern states"}, {"front": "Ella viaja a las ciudades grandes.", "back": "She travels to the large cities."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 60, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.1", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below, but don’t use any verb more than once.", "extra": ["bailar, bajar, caminar, cantar, cocinar, comprar, contestar, descansar, entrar, escuchar, estudiar, hablar, limpiar, llegar, mirar, nadar, practicar, regresar, trabajar, viajar"], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo ___________________ en la piscina.", "2. Ella ___________________ mucho porque las lecciones son difíciles.", "3. En la noche, si estamos cansados, ___________________ en la cama.", "4. María siempre ___________________ a casa a las seis de la noche.", "5. Los niños ___________________ y ___________________ en la fiesta.", "6. En conversaciones, ¿quiénes ___________________ más, los hombres o las mujeres?", "7. ¿Por qué ___________________ la mujer la blusa si es cara?", "8. Enrique ___________________ en un restaurante. Él es cocinero y ___________________ en la cocina.", "9. Los estudiantes ___________________ en el salón a las ocho de la mañana.", "10. Yo ___________________ la música a las ocho de la noche los martes.", "11. Ella ___________________ la televisión los domingos a las nueve.", "12. Los músicos están contentos porque los estudiantes ___________________ mucho el piano.", "13. Las dos amigas ___________________ el apartamento cuando está sucio.", "14. Yo ___________________ en carro a la oficina. Trabajo en el piso cuarenta. A las cinco de la tarde ___________________ al primer piso.", "15. Roberto ___________________ las preguntas en la clase."], "ocrLines": ["Las estudiantes", "caminan a la escuela Ellos", "regresan en bus", "mirar to look at", "yo miro", "tú miras", "Ud. mira", "nosotros miramos", "vosotros miráis", "Uds. miran", "practicar to practice", "yo practico", "nosotros practicamos", "tú practicas", "vosotros practicáis", "ella practica", "ellas practican", "nadar to swim", "yo nado", "nosotros nadamos", "tú nadas", "vosotros nadáis", "él nada", "ellos nadan", "regresar to return", "yo regreso", "nosotros regresamos", "tú regresas", "vosotros regresáis", "Ud. regresa", "Uds. regresan", "trabajar to work", "yo trabajo", "tú trabajas", "él trabaja", "nosotros trabajamos", "vosotros trabajáis", "ellos trabajan", "Stress the penultimate syllable of the conjugated verb: trabajo,", "trabajas, trabaja, trabajamos, trabajan.", "viajar to travel", "yo viajo", "nosotros viajamos", "tú viajas", "vosotros viajáis", "ella viaja", "ellas viajan", "• Pronunciation Reminder", "The Preposition a"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estudia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "descansamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cantan, bailan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hablan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "compra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "trabaja, cocina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "entran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "escucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "practican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "limpian", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "viajo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "contesta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.1 1. nada 2. estudia 3. descansamos 4. llega 5. cantan, bailan 6. hablan 7. compra 8. trabaja, cocina 9. entran 10. escucho 11. mira 12. practican 13. limpian 14. viajo, bajo 15. contesta", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estudia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "descansamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cantan, bailan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hablan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "compra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "trabaja, cocina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "entran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "escucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "practican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "limpian", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "viajo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "contesta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. nada 2. estudia 3. descansamos 4. llega 5. cantan, bailan 6. hablan 7. compra 8. trabaja, cocina 9. entran 10. escucho 11. mira 12. practican 13. limpian 14. viajo, bajo 15. contesta"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.2", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans2", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Canta Ud. en la ducha?", "2. ¿A qué hora escucha Ud. la música?", "3. ¿Viajas tú mucho?", "4. ¿Quiénes estudian más, los muchachos o las muchachas?", "5. ¿Quién cocina bien en la familia de Ud.?", "6. ¿Si estás en un baile, bailas mucho?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "5.2 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -er verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0062-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comer to eat", "comer", "Infinitive", "com-", "Stem", "-er", "Ending", "yo como", "tú comes", "él come", "ella come", "Ud. come", "nosotros comemos", "vosotros coméis", "ellos comen", "ellas comen", "Uds comen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 62, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0062-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aprender to learn", "yo aprendo", "tú aprendes", "él aprende", "beber to drink", "yo bebo", "tú bebes", "ella bebe", "nosotros aprendemos", "vosotros aprendéis", "ellos aprenden", "nosotros bebemos", "vosotros bebéis", "ellas beben"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo aprendo", "back": "nosotros aprendemos"}, {"front": "tú aprendes", "back": "vosotros aprendéis"}, {"front": "él aprende", "back": "ellos aprenden"}, {"front": "yo bebo", "back": "nosotros bebemos"}, {"front": "tú bebes", "back": "vosotros bebéis"}, {"front": "ella bebe", "back": "ellas beben"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 62, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comprender to understand", "yo comprendo", "nosotros comprendemos", "tú comprendes", "vosotros comprendéis", "Ud. comprende", "Uds. comprenden", "correr to run", "yo corro", "tú corres", "él corre", "nosotros corremos", "vosotros corréis", "ellos corren", "meter to put in", "yo meto", "nosotros metemos", "tú metes", "vosotros metéis", "Ud. mete", "Uds. meten", "romper to break", "yo rompo", "nosotros rompemos", "tú rompes", "vosotros rompéis", "ella rompe", "ellas rompen", "leer to read", "yo leo", "nosotros leemos", "tú lees", "vosotros leéis", "ella lee", "ellas leen", "prender to turn on", "yo prendo", "nosotros prendemos", "tú prendes", "vosotros prendéis", "él prende", "ellos prenden", "vender to sell", "yo vendo", "tú vendes", "Ud. vende", "nosotros vendemos", "vosotros vendéis", "Uds. venden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "yo corro", "back": "nosotros corremos"}, {"front": "yo leo", "back": "nosotros leemos"}, {"front": "tú corres", "back": "vosotros corréis"}, {"front": "tú lees", "back": "vosotros leéis"}, {"front": "él corre", "back": "ellos corren"}, {"front": "ella lee", "back": "ellas leen"}, {"front": "yo meto", "back": "nosotros metemos"}, {"front": "yo prendo", "back": "nosotros prendemos"}, {"front": "tú metes", "back": "vosotros metéis"}, {"front": "tú prendes", "back": "vosotros prendéis"}, {"front": "Ud. mete", "back": "Uds. meten"}, {"front": "él prende", "back": "ellos prenden"}, {"front": "yo rompo", "back": "nosotros rompemos"}, {"front": "yo vendo", "back": "nosotros vendemos"}, {"front": "tú rompes", "back": "vosotros rompéis"}, {"front": "tú vendes", "back": "vosotros vendéis"}, {"front": "ella rompe", "back": "ellas rompen"}, {"front": "Ud. vende", "back": "Uds. venden"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 63, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.3", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below, but don’t use any verb more than once.", "extra": ["aprender, beber, comer, comprender, correr, leer, romper, vender"], "prompts": ["1. Si ella camina, y él ___________________, ¿quién llega primero?", "2. Mariana ___________________ ocho vasos de agua cada día.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ en los restaurantes excelentes todos los jueves.", "4. Las muchachas estudian bien las lecciones de violín y ___________________ mucho.", "5. Yo ___________________ un libro cada semana. ¿Cuántos libros ___________________ Uds. cada año?", "6. Somos buenos estudiantes y ___________________ las ideas difíciles.", "7. El hombre y la mujer ___________________ el apartamento y compran una casa.", "8. Los niños ___________________ los platos y los vasos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "corre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "aprenden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "leo, leen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "comprendemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "venden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rompen", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.3 1. corre 2. bebe 3. comemos 4. aprenden 5. leo, leen 6. comprendemos 7. venden 8. rompen", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "corre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "aprenden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "leo, leen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "comprendemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "venden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rompen", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. corre 2. bebe 3. comemos 4. aprenden 5. leo, leen 6. comprendemos 7. venden 8. rompen"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ir verb in the present tense, drop the infinitive ending and add -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0064-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["vivir to live", "vivir", "Infinitive", "viv-", "Stem", "-ir", "Ending", "yo vivo", "tú vives", "el vive", "ella vive", "Ud vive", "nosotros vivimos", "vosotros vivís", "ellos viven", "ellas viven", "Uds viven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.890625, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 64, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Frequently Used -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0064-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir to open", "yo abro", "tú abres", "él abre", "compartir to share", "yo comparto", "tú compartes", "ella comparte", "decidir to decide", "yo decido", "tú decides", "Ud decide", "nosotros abrimos", "vosotros abrís", "ellos abren", "nosotros compartimos", "vosotros compartis", "ellas comparten", "nosotros decidimos", "vosotros decidís", "Uds deciden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 64, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0065-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["describir to describe", "yo describo", "nosotros describimos", "tú describes vosotros describís", "él describe", "ellos describen", "escribir to write", "yo escribo", "tú escribes", "Ud. escribe", "nosotros escribimos", "vosotros escribís", "Uds. escriben", "subir to go up, to ascend", "yo subo", "nosotros subimos", "tú subes", "vosotros subís", "ella sube", "ellas suben", "discutir to discuss", "yo discuto", "nosotros discutimos", "tú discutes", "vosotros discutís", "ella discute", "ellas discuten", "recibir to receive", "yo recibo", "tú recibes", "él recibe", "nosotros recibimos", "vosotros recibís", "ellos reciben", "sufrir to suffer", "yo sufro", "tú sufres", "Ud. sutre", "nosotros sufrimos", "vosotros sufrís", "Uds sufren"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "yo describo", "back": "nosotros describimos"}, {"front": "yo discuto", "back": "nosotros discutimos"}, {"front": "él describe", "back": "ellos describen"}, {"front": "ella discute", "back": "ellas discuten"}, {"front": "yo escribo", "back": "nosotros escribimos"}, {"front": "yo recibo", "back": "nosotros recibimos"}, {"front": "tú escribes", "back": "vosotros escribís"}, {"front": "tú recibes", "back": "vosotros recibís"}, {"front": "Ud. escribe", "back": "Uds. escriben"}, {"front": "él recibe", "back": "ellos reciben"}, {"front": "yo subo", "back": "nosotros subimos"}, {"front": "yo sufro", "back": "nosotros sufrimos"}, {"front": "tú subes", "back": "vosotros subís"}, {"front": "tú sufres", "back": "vosotros sufrís"}, {"front": "ella sube", "back": "ellas suben"}, {"front": "Ud. sutre", "back": "Uds sufren"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 65, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.4", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below.", "extra": ["abrir, compartir, decidir, discutir, escribir, recibir, subir, vivir"], "prompts": ["1. Hay mucha comida en la mesa pero el muchacho no come mucho. Él ___________________ la porción con Elena.", "2. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. la puerta si hay mucho ruido afuera?", "3. Ella trabaja en la ciudad, pero ___________________ en el campo.", "4. Hablamos y ___________________ las noticias del día. La conversación es interesante.", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú frases y preguntas con una pluma o usas una computadora?", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ Uds. estudiar el español?", "7. Cecilia siempre ___________________ muchas cartas de la familia los lunes.", "8. Todos los estudiantes ___________________ al noveno piso para la clase de química."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "abre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "discutimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Escribes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "deciden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "recibe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "suben", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.4 1. comparte 2. abre 3. vive 4. discutimos 5. Escribes 6. deciden 7. recibe 8. suben", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "abre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "discutimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Escribes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "deciden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "recibe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "suben", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. comparte 2. abre 3. vive 4. discutimos 5. Escribes 6. deciden 7. recibe 8. suben"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["deber should, ought to, must (plus infinitive), to owe", "yo debo", "nosotros debemos", "tú debes", "vosotros debéis", "él debe", "ellos deben", "Ella debe comer mejor.", "Él debe mucho dinero.", "She ought to eat better.", "He owes a lot of money.", "ganar to win, to earn", "yo gano", "nosotros ganamos", "tú ganas", "vosotros ganáis", "ella gana", "ellas ganan", "Cecilia siempre gana el primer", "premio.", "Raúl gana quinientos dólares", "cada semana.", "Cecilia always wins first prize.", "Ralph earns 500 dollars each week", "Ilevar to carry, to wear", "yo llevo", "nosotros llevamos", "tú llevas", "vosotros lleváis", "Ud. lleva", "Uds. llevan", "Llevo una bolsa de plástico", "a la tienda.", "Ella no lleva un abrigo hoy.", "pasar to pass (by), to happen, to spend (time)", "yo paso", "nosotros pasamos", "tú pasas", "vosotros pasáis", "él pasa", "ellos pasan", "El tiempo pasa.", "¿Qué pasa?", "Ella pasa mucho tiempo con", "los turistas.", "I carry a plastic bag to the store.", "She isn't wearing a coat today.", "Time passes.", "What's happening?", "She spends a lot of time with", "the tourists.", "tocar to touch, to play (an instrument)", "yo toco", "nosotros tocamos", "tú tocas", "vosotros tocáis", "él toca", "ellos tocan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo gano", "back": "tú ganas"}, {"front": "vosotros ganáis", "back": "nosotros ganamos"}, {"front": "yo llevo", "back": "tú llevas"}, {"front": "vosotros lleváis", "back": "nosotros llevamos"}, {"front": "él pasa yo paso tú pasas", "back": "ellos pasan"}, {"front": "vosotros pasáis", "back": "nosotros pasamos"}, {"front": "¿Qué pasa? El tiempo pasa. los turistas.", "back": "Ella pasa mucho tiempo con"}, {"front": "Time passes. the tourists. What's happening?", "back": "She spends a lot of time with"}, {"front": "él toca yo toco tú tocas", "back": "ellos tocan"}, {"front": "vosotros tocáis", "back": "nosotros tocamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 66, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0066-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El experto toca la mesa antigua.", "María toca bien el piano.", "The expert touches the antique table", "Maria plays the piano well.", "tomar to take, to have (something to drink), to have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)", "yo tomo", "nosotros tomamos", "tú tomas", "vosotros tomáis", "ella toma", "ellas toman", "Tomamos el tren al trabajo.", "Tomo café negro cada mañana.", "Ella toma el desayuno a las ocho.", "Toma el almuerzo a la una y", "la cena a las siete.", "We take the train to work.", "I drink black coffee every morning.", "She has breakfast at eight o'clock.", "She has lunch at one o'clock and", "dinner at seven o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 66, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "5.5", "ansAnchor": "ch5ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; this time you can use the verbs more than once!", "extra": ["deber, ganar, llevar, pasar, tocar, tomar"], "prompts": ["1. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Uds. el almuerzo?", "2. La niña está enferma porque no ___________________ una chaqueta en el invierno.", "3. Ella ___________________ caminar treinta minutos cada día.", "4. Victoria ___________________ bien el violín.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ compartir la torta de chocolate con Jorge y con Guillermo.", "6. Yo ___________________ dos bolígrafos y tres lápices a la clase de matemáticas.", "7. El profesor ___________________ mucho tiempo en las montañas en el verano.", "8. El muchacho ___________________ la mesa antigua con las manos sucias.", "9. Ricardo es maestro; no ___________________ mucho dinero, pero está feliz.", "10. ¿ ___________________ Ud. café con leche en la mañana?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "toman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "lleva", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "debe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "debemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llevo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "pasa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "gana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Toma", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "5.5 1. toman 2. lleva 3. debe 4. toca 5. debemos 6. llevo 7. pasa 8. toca 9. gana 10. Toma", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "toman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "lleva", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "debe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "debemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llevo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "pasa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "toca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "gana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Toma", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. toman 2. lleva 3. debe 4. toca 5. debemos 6. llevo 7. pasa 8. toca 9. gana 10. Toma"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Una escuela en México"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el año mil novecientos sesenta y tres. Es una época ° de paz en los Estados Unidos. En la ciudad donde vivimos este verano, hay paz también pero no estoy segura ° si hay paz en el resto de México."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La ciudad es muy linda, con calles estrechas y casas del estilo español. Hay unas plazas hermosas y muchas iglesias. Vivimos en las montañas y estamos a tres millas de ° la ciudad. Laura y yo caminamos treinta minutos y llegamos a la escuela a las diez de la mañana; la madre de Laura pasa el día en el campo porque estudia las civilizaciones antiguas. El padre de Laura descansa en la casa hasta las diez. Después, ° él baja a la ciudad y pasa la mañana en un restaurante bonito donde él toma uno o dos cafés más; lee un periódico y habla con la gente. Ellos hablan bien el español, pero Laura y yo no hablamos mucho; estudiamos en la escuela secundaria porque necesitamos practicar más."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Laura y yo decidimos tomar un curso de historia de México, una clase de baile, una clase donde los estudiantes aprenden canciones mexicanas y aprenden a tocar la guitarra. Guanajuato está ubicada ° en las montañas y la clase de baile es difícil porque es trabajoso ° respirar ° en las montañas. Las clases de música son fantásticas porque hablamos y practicamos la pronunciación."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En la noche, regresamos a la casa y discutimos las experiencias del día. La madre cocina bien y comemos una comida saludable. ° Laura y yo lavamos ° los platos y el padre escucha la conversación y descansa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° la época period of time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar seguro(a) to be sure"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar a tres millas de to be three miles from"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° después afterward"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° estar ubicado(a) to be located"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° trabajoso difficult"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° respirar to breathe"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° saludable healthy, healthful"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "° lavar to wash"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo es Guanajuato?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué estación del año es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo pasa el día el padre de ella?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué estudian Laura y la amiga de ella?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. En la noche, ¿de qué hablan?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch6", "number": 6, "title": "Irregular Verbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish verbs are considered irregular if there is a change in the stem when they are conjugated."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Each verb conjugation has its own set of endings that are added to the verb stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The nosotros and vosotros forms are unaffected by the stem change in the present tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -ar have two possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0070-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cerrar to close", "yo cierro", "tú cierras", "él cierra", "nosotros cerramos", "vosotros cerráis", "ellos cierran", "pensar to think", "yo pienso", "nosotros pensamos", "tú piensas", "vosotros pensáis", "Ud. piensa Uds. piensan", "empezar to begin", "yo empiezo", "tú empiezas", "ella empieza", "nosotros empezamos", "vosotros empezáis", "ellas empiezan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo cierro", "back": "nosotros cerramos"}, {"front": "yo empiezo", "back": "nosotros empezamos"}, {"front": "tú cierras", "back": "vosotros cerráis"}, {"front": "tú empiezas", "back": "vosotros empezáis"}, {"front": "él cierra", "back": "ellos cierran"}, {"front": "ella empieza", "back": "ellas empiezan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 70, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is a good idea to learn these verbs one by one. Make sure you read them aloud. Practice as much as you can."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0071-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["almorzar to lunch", "yo almuerzo", "tú almuerzas", "él almuerza", "nosotros almorzamos", "vosotros almorzáis", "ellos almuerzan", "encontrar to find", "yo encuentro", "tú encuentras", "ella encuentra", "nosotros encontramos", "vosotros encontráis", "ellas encuentran", "recordar to remember", "yo recuerdo", "tú recuerdas", "ella recuerda", "nosotros recordamos", "vosotros recordáis", "ellas recuerdan", "jugar to play, to play (a sport)", "yo juego", "nosotros jugamos", "tú juegas", "vosotros jugáis", "Ud. juega", "Uds. juegan", "NOTE: The stem change for jugar is u > ue"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 71, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.1", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; use each verb only once.", "extra": ["almorzar, cerrar, empezar, jugar, pensar, recordar"], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ la ventana del salón porque hay mucho ruido afuera.", "2. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. de la situación del mundo?", "3. Los muchachos y las muchachas ___________________ al béisbol todas las tardes a las cinco.", "4. Al mediodía, nosotros ___________________ en un restaurante económico con los colegas del trabajo.", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú toda la letra de las canciones?", "6. La maestra ___________________ la clase a las seis en punto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cierro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "piensa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Recuerdas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.1 1. cierro 2. piensa 3. juegan 4. almorzamos 5. Recuerdas 6. empieza", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cierro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "piensa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Recuerdas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cierro 2. piensa 3. juegan 4. almorzamos 5. Recuerdas 6. empieza"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -er have two possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entender to understand", "yo entiendo", "nosotros entendemos", "tú entiendes", "vosotros entendéis", "ella entiende", "ellas entienden", "querer to want", "yo quiero", "tú quieres", "él quiere", "nosotros queremos", "vosotros queréis", "ellos quieren", "perder to lose", "yo pierdo", "tú pierdes", "Ud. pierde", "tener to have", "yo tengo", "tú tienes", "ella tiene", "nosotros perdemos", "vosotros perdéis", "Uds. pierden", "nosotros tenemos", "vosotros tenéis", "ellas tienen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "yo entiendo", "back": "nosotros entendemos"}, {"front": "yo pierdo", "back": "nosotros perdemos"}, {"front": "tú entiendes", "back": "vosotros entendéis"}, {"front": "tú pierdes", "back": "vosotros perdéis"}, {"front": "ella entiende", "back": "ellas entienden"}, {"front": "Ud. pierde", "back": "Uds. pierden"}, {"front": "yo quiero", "back": "nosotros queremos"}, {"front": "yo tengo", "back": "nosotros tenemos"}, {"front": "tú quieres", "back": "vosotros queréis"}, {"front": "tú tienes", "back": "vosotros tenéis"}, {"front": "él quiere", "back": "ellos quieren"}, {"front": "ella tiene", "back": "ellas tienen"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Tener also has an irregular yo form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["devolver to return (something), to give back", "yo devuelvo", "nosotros devolvemos", "tú devuelves", "vosotros devolvéis", "ella devuelve", "ellas devuelven", "poder to be able, can, may", "yo puedo", "nosotros podemos", "tú puedes", "vosotros podéis", "él puede", "ellos pueden", "volver to return", "yo vuelvo", "tú vuelves", "Ud. vuelve", "nosotros volvemos", "vosotros volvéis", "Uds. vuelven"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo puedo", "back": "nosotros podemos"}, {"front": "yo vuelvo", "back": "nosotros volvemos"}, {"front": "tú puedes", "back": "vosotros podéis"}, {"front": "tú vuelves", "back": "vosotros volvéis"}, {"front": "él puede", "back": "ellos pueden"}, {"front": "Ud. vuelve", "back": "Uds. vuelven"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer to do, to make", "yo hago", "nosotros hacemos", "tú haces", "vosotros hacéis", "él hace", "ellos hacen", "poner to put", "yo pongo", "tú pones", "ella pone", "nosotros ponemos", "vosotros ponéis", "ellas ponen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo hago", "back": "nosotros hacemos"}, {"front": "yo pongo", "back": "nosotros ponemos"}, {"front": "tú haces", "back": "vosotros hacéis"}, {"front": "tú pones", "back": "vosotros ponéis"}, {"front": "él hace", "back": "ellos hacen"}, {"front": "ella pone", "back": "ellas ponen"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 72, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["saber to know (a fact), to know how", "yo sé", "tú sabes", "Ud sabe", "nosotros sabemos", "vosotros sabéis", "Uds. saben", "ver to see", "yo veo", "tú ves", "é ve", "nosotros vemos", "vosotros veis", "ellos ven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo sé", "back": "nosotros sabemos"}, {"front": "yo veo", "back": "nosotros vemos"}, {"front": "tú sabes", "back": "vosotros sabéis"}, {"front": "tú ves", "back": "vosotros veis"}, {"front": "Ud sabe", "back": "Uds. saben"}, {"front": "é ve", "back": "ellos ven"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Sentence Formation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned to form sentences and questions with one verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un gato.", "¿Tiene ella un perro?", "She has a cat.", "Does she have a dog:"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella tiene un gato.", "back": "She has a cat."}, {"front": "¿Tiene ella un perro?", "back": "Does she have a dog:"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word order in English and Spanish is basically the same. This allows you to put two verbs together in a similar sequence. Note that the negative word no comes directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no quiero cantar.", "Ellos quieren leer un libro.", "Podemos bailar bien.", "Sí, sabemos cantar bien también.", "I don't want to sing", "They want to read a book.", "We are able to dance well.", "Yes, we know how to sing well also"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8977272727272727, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Yo no quiero cantar.", "back": "I don't want to sing"}, {"front": "Ellos quieren leer un libro.", "back": "They want to read a book."}, {"front": "Podemos bailar bien.", "back": "We are able to dance well."}, {"front": "Sí, sabemos cantar bien también.", "back": "Yes, we know how to sing well also"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can even string three verbs together in one sentence!"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0073-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Susana quiere poder hablar", "español.", "Él quiere poder correr en", "el maratón.", "Susan wants to be able to speak", "Spanish.", "He wants to be able to run in", "the marathon"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 73, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.2", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb form, using the infinitive provided.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El muchacho ___________________ nadar y las amigas de él ___________________ bailar. (saber)", "2. No sabemos donde estamos porque siempre ___________________ las direcciones. (perder)", "3. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. durante la primavera? (hacer)", "4. Yo ___________________ una pluma y él ___________________ un libro difícil. Nosotros ___________________ mucha tarea para la clase. (tener)", "5. El gerente ___________________ a la casa a las ocho y media los lunes. (volver)", "6. Los estudiantes ___________________ la pregunta. (entender)", "7. Yo ___________________ viajar porque tengo mucho dinero. (poder)", "8. Nosotros ___________________ los pájaros en el parque. (ver)", "9. Federico ___________________ los libros a la biblioteca. (devolver)", "10. Yo ___________________ los platos en la mesa. (poner)", "11. La turista ___________________ estar en los Estados Unidos el miércoles. (querer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sabe, saben", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "tengo, tiene, tenemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "entienden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "puedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "vemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pongo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.2 1. sabe, saben 2. perdemos 3. hace 4. tengo, tiene, tenemos 5. vuelve 6. entienden 7. puedo 8. vemos 9. devuelve 10. pongo 11. quiere", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sabe, saben", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "tengo, tiene, tenemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "entienden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "puedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "vemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pongo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sabe, saben 2. perdemos 3. hace 4. tengo, tiene, tenemos 5. vuelve 6. entienden 7. puedo 8. vemos 9. devuelve 10. pongo 11. quiere"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.3", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following English sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I know where there is an inexpensive restaurant on Fifth Avenue.", "2. Carlos doesn’t want to make a date with the dentist.", "3. We don’t want to clean the apartment today.", "4. I see a gray cat and a blue bird.", "5. She understands the ideas, but she doesn’t want to talk.", "6. Who is able to sing and dance at the party?", "7. I do the homework at eight o’clock on Mondays.", "8. We want to return to work on Tuesday."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Queremos volver al trabajo el martes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.3 1. Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida. 2. Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista. 3. No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy. 4. Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul. 5. Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar. 6. ¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta? 7. Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes. 8. Queremos volver al trabajo el martes.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Queremos volver al trabajo el martes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo sé donde hay un restaurante barato en la quinta avenida. 2. Carlos no quiere hacer una cita con el dentista. 3. No queremos limpiar el apartamento hoy. 4. Veo un gato gris y un pájaro azul. 5. Ella entiende las ideas pero no quiere hablar. 6. ¿Quién puede cantar y bailar en la fiesta? 7. Hago la tarea a las ocho los lunes. 8. Queremos volver al trabajo el martes."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs that end in -ir have three possible changes in their stem. The endings are the same as those you have learned for the regular verbs: add -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > ie"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mentir to lie", "yo miento", "tú mientes", "él miente", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentís", "ellos mienten", "preferir to prefer", "yo prefiero", "tú prefieres", "ella prefere", "nosotros preferimos", "vosotros preteris", "ellas preferen", "venir to come", "yo vengo", "tú vienes", "Ud. viene", "nosotros venimos", "vosotros venís", "Uds. vienen", "NOTE: Venir also has an irregular yo form"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "yo miento", "back": "nosotros mentimos"}, {"front": "tú mientes", "back": "vosotros mentís"}, {"front": "él miente", "back": "ellos mienten"}, {"front": "yo prefiero", "back": "nosotros preferimos"}, {"front": "tú prefieres", "back": "vosotros preteris"}, {"front": "ella prefere", "back": "ellas preferen"}, {"front": "yo vengo", "back": "nosotros venimos"}, {"front": "tú vienes", "back": "vosotros venís"}, {"front": "Ud. viene", "back": "Uds. vienen"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 75, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change e > i"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pedir to ask for, to request", "yo pido", "nosotros pedimos", "tú pides", "vosotros pedís", "Ud. pide", "Uds. piden", "seguir to follow, to continue", "yo sigo", "nosotros seguimos", "tú sigues vosotros seguís", "ella sigue ellas siguen", "sonreír to smile", "yo sonrío", "nosotros sonreímos", "tú sonríes", "vosotros sonreís", "él contia", "ellos sonríen", "repetir to repeat", "yo repito", "nosotros repetimos", "tú repites", "vosotros repetís", "él repite", "ellos repiten", "servir to serve", "yo sirvo", "tú sirves", "Ud. sirve", "nosotros servimos", "vosotros servís", "Uds. sirven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "yo pido", "back": "nosotros pedimos"}, {"front": "yo repito", "back": "nosotros repetimos"}, {"front": "tú pides", "back": "vosotros pedís"}, {"front": "tú repites", "back": "vosotros repetís"}, {"front": "Ud. pide", "back": "Uds. piden"}, {"front": "él repite", "back": "ellos repiten"}, {"front": "yo sigo", "back": "nosotros seguimos"}, {"front": "yo sirvo", "back": "nosotros servimos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 75, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change o > ue"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0076-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dormir to sleep", "yo duermo", "tú duermes", "é duerme", "nosotros dormimos", "vosotros dormís", "ellos duermen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo duermo", "back": "nosotros dormimos"}, {"front": "tú duermes", "back": "vosotros dormís"}, {"front": "é duerme", "back": "ellos duermen"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 76, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["oir to hear", "yo oigo", "nosotros oímos", "tú oyes", "vosotros oís", "ella oye", "ellas oyen", "NOTE: Oyes, oye, and oyen reflect a spelling change (that clarifies the", "pronunciation) rather than a stem change.", "salir to leave, to exit, to go out", "yo salgo", "nosotros salimos", "tú sales", "vosotros salís", "Ud. sale", "Uds. salen"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo oigo", "back": "nosotros oímos"}, {"front": "tú oyes", "back": "vosotros oís"}, {"front": "ella oye", "back": "ellas oyen"}, {"front": "yo salgo", "back": "nosotros salimos"}, {"front": "tú sales", "back": "vosotros salís"}, {"front": "Ud. sale", "back": "Uds. salen"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 76, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.4", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below; use each verb only once.", "extra": ["dormir, mentir, oír, preferir, repetir, salir, seguir, servir, venir"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. la pregunta si ellas saben la respuesta?", "2. La niña ___________________ mucho y sus padres están enojados con ella.", "3. La fiesta es horrible; hay mucho ruido y humo. Ana quiere ___________________.", "4. Nosotros ___________________ ocho horas cada noche y podemos trabajar bien durante el día.", "5. Ella no sabe donde vive María, pero ella tiene un mapa y puede ___________________ las direcciones a la casa.", "6. Ellos ___________________ a Nueva York a ver los museos.", "7. ¿Pueden Uds. ___________________ bien las voces de los estudiantes?", "8. ¿Qué ___________________ Ud. hacer, jugar al tenis o nadar?", "9. A las nueve de la mañana, la cafetería abre y los camareros ___________________ el desayuno."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "repite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "miente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dormimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "seguir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "oír", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "sirven", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.4 1. repite 2. miente 3. salir 4. dormimos 5. seguir 6. vienen 7. oír 8. prefiere 9. sirven", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "repite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "miente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dormimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "seguir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "oír", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "sirven", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. repite 2. miente 3. salir 4. dormimos 5. seguir 6. vienen 7. oír 8. prefiere 9. sirven"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.5", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans5", "instruction": "Respond aloud to the following questions.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A qué hora almuerza Ud.? ¿Come Ud. mucho?", "2. ¿Duerme Ud. bien? ¿Tiene Ud. sueños dulces?", "3. ¿Tienes las llaves del edificio donde trabajas?", "4. ¿Cuál prefiere Ud. beber, el vino blanco o el vino tinto?", "5. ¿Qué hace Ud. el fin de semana?", "6. ¿Quiénes sonríen más, los hombres, las mujeres, o los niños?", "7. ¿Sabe Ud. jugar al tenis?", "8. ¿Dónde pones los platos, los tenedores, las cucharas y los cuchillos?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "6.5 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.6", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the verbs listed below.", "extra": ["almorzar, cerrar, dormir, empezar, encontrar, entender, estar, hacer, hay, jugar, poder, poner, preferir, recordar, saber, salir, seguir, ser, servir, tener, venir, ver, volver"], "prompts": ["1. A las ocho de la mañana, los empleados abren la puerta de la oficina y entran. A las ocho de la noche, ellos ___________________ la puerta y ___________________.", "2. Los muchachos estudian todo el día en la escuela. A las tres de la tarde, si hace sol, ellos ___________________ al béisbol.", "3. A mediodía, nosotros ___________________ en un restaurante económico con los amigos del trabajo.", "4. La maestra ___________________ las lecciones a las seis.", "5. ¿Quién ___________________ la letra de las canciones?", "6. Ella ___________________ la pregunta pero no ___________________ la respuesta correcta.", "7. Yo toco el piano pero ___________________ tocar la guitarra.", "8. Yo ___________________ mil dólares en el banco y cien dólares en la mano.", "9. ¿Por qué quiere él ___________________ presidente?", "10. Nosotros ___________________ el camino a la casa de Sara.", "11. Los dos niños ___________________ nueve horas cada noche.", "12. No puedo ___________________ un hotel barato en la ciudad.", "13. Laura ___________________ a la oficina porque quiere hablar con el jefe.", "14. Nosotros ___________________ cansados porque tenemos que trabajar.", "15. ¿ ___________________ Ud. preparar una torta deliciosa para la fiesta?", "16. En el campo, yo ___________________ los árboles y los pájaros; en la ciudad, yo ___________________ los edificios altos.", "17. ¿Por qué no ___________________ manzanas rojas en el supermercado?", "18. El viaje es largo y queremos ___________________ a casa.", "19. Yo ___________________ las cucharas, los cuchillos y los tenedores en la mesa y Teresa ___________________ la comida.", "20. Ellos prefieren ___________________ la tarea a las diez de la noche; yo ___________________ la tarea a las siete de la mañana."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cierran, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "entiende, recuerda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "prefiero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tengo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "seguimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "duermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "encontrar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Puede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "veo, veo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "volver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "pongo, sirve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "hacer, hago", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.6 1. cierran, salen 2. juegan 3. almorzamos 4. empieza 5. sabe 6. entiende, recuerda 7. prefiero 8. tengo 9. ser 10. seguimos 11. duermen 12. encontrar 13. viene 14. estamos 15. Puede 16. veo, veo 17. hay 18. volver 19. pongo, sirve 20. hacer, hago", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cierran, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "almorzamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "empieza", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "entiende, recuerda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "prefiero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tengo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "seguimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "duermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "encontrar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Puede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "veo, veo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "volver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "pongo, sirve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "hacer, hago", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cierran, salen 2. juegan 3. almorzamos 4. empieza 5. sabe 6. entiende, recuerda 7. prefiero 8. tengo 9. ser 10. seguimos 11. duermen 12. encontrar 13. viene 14. estamos 15. Puede 16. veo, veo 17. hay 18. volver 19. pongo, sirve 20. hacer, hago"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "6.7", "ansAnchor": "ch6ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following Spanish sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿En qué piso viven los amigos de Pablo? ¿Son ellos de Perú? ¿Hablan bien el inglés?", "2. ¿De qué habla Ud.? ¿Con quién hablan Uds.?", "3. Sebastián sale de la casa de Carla a las ocho de la mañana. Llega a la oficina a las nueve. Él trabaja ocho horas. ¿A qué hora puede llegar a la casa de Carla?", "4. ¿Por qué hay un árbol en la casa?", "5. Ser o no ser.", "6. Al mediodía, entramos en el edificio y subimos al tercer piso; a las tres de la tarde, bajamos al primer piso y salimos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Why is there a tree in the house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "To be or not to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "6.7 1. What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English? 2. What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking? 3. Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house? 4. Why is there a tree in the house? 5. To be or not to be. 6. At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Why is there a tree in the house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "To be or not to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. What floor do Pablo’s friends live on? Are they from Peru? Do they speak English? 2. What are you talking about? With whom are you speaking? 3. Sebastián leaves Carla’s house at eight o’clock in the morning. He arrives at the office at nine o’clock. He works eight hours. At what hour can he arrive at Carla’s house? 4. Why is there a tree in the house? 5. To be or not to be. 6. At noon, we enter the building and go up to the third floor; at three o’clock in the afternoon, we go down to the first floor and we leave."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El tren"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El tren llega a tiempo como siempre. Llega a las cuatro y veintiséis. Subo al tren con algunas personas y viajo a la ciudad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cerca de mí, una mujer duerme. Ella descansa completamente. Pienso que tiene sueños dulces. Un hombre lee un periódico. Las noticias son interesantes hoy; él lee con mucho interés. ¿Qué lee? ¿Está interesado en los deportes o los negocios o los eventos internacionales? Es imposible saber. Un niño grita y después sonríe. Un hombre a mi lado escribe cartas de amor. Otras personas hablan por teléfono. Hablan y hablan. Ellos tienen muchos amigos. Trato de escuchar las conversaciones. A veces, quiero hablar con alguien pero prefiero viajar sola con mis libros y mis cuadernos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El tren llega a la ciudad a las cinco y cuatro. Camino con la muchedumbre hacia las salidas. La estación del tren es grande y hermosa. Hay restaurantes en el sótano y farmacias y tiendas en el primer piso. Salgo de la estación. No hay mucho sol, menos mal. La gente pasa. El tiempo pasa. ¿Qué hago ahora, con muchas posibilidades? (Prefiero el campo donde hay menos decisiones.) ¿Qué hago yo después de mi viaje en el tren? Hay teatro y cine, conciertos y museos. Puedo comer en un buen restaurante o escuchar música gratis en el parque. ¿En qué dirección camino? No, es mejor volver al tren; en el tren todo es seguro. Siempre sale y llega a su destino. El próximo tren sale precisamente a las cinco y veinte. Afortunadamente, hay tiempo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es la hora pico. Corro con la muchedumbre al tren. Subimos. Tomamos asiento. Abrimos los libros, las revistas, los periódicos y descansamos, contentos de estar de nuevo en el tren."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos (Verbs)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar seguro", "hablar por teléfono", "legar a tiempo", "pensar en", "ser imposible", "ser seguro", "subir al tren", "tomar asiento", "to be sure", "to speak by (on the) phone", "to arrive on time", "to think about", "to be impossible", "to be safe", "to get on the train", "to take a seat"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "estar seguro", "back": "to be sure"}, {"front": "hablar por teléfono", "back": "to speak by (on the) phone"}, {"front": "legar a tiempo", "back": "to arrive on time"}, {"front": "pensar en", "back": "to think about"}, {"front": "ser imposible", "back": "to be impossible"}, {"front": "ser seguro", "back": "to be safe"}, {"front": "subir al tren", "back": "to get on the train"}, {"front": "tomar asiento", "back": "to take a seat"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la hora pico", "la muchedumbre", "la salida", "el sótano", "the rush hour", "the crowd", "the exit", "the basement", "the theater"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "la hora pico", "back": "the rush hour"}, {"front": "la muchedumbre", "back": "the crowd"}, {"front": "la salida", "back": "the exit"}, {"front": "el sótano", "back": "the basement"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preposiciones (Prepositions)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cerca de mí", "a mi lado", "near me", "at my side"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "cerca de mí", "back": "near me"}, {"front": "a mi lado", "back": "at my side"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0080-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a veces", "afortunadamente", "completamente", "de nuevo", "después de", "+ infinitive", "gratis", "hacia", "menos mal", "mejor", "at times", "fortunately", "completely", "again", "after (doing something,", "free (in cost)", "toward", "luckily", "better"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 80, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es largo el viaje a la ciudad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo son los pasajeros que viajan en el tren?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Sabe Ud. si el personaje principal es hombre o mujer? ¿Cómo sabe Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Después de salir de la estación, ¿en qué piensa el personaje?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué decide hacer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Pasa el personaje mucho tiempo en la ciudad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. ¿Por qué vuelve al tren?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch7", "number": 7, "title": "Ir and the Future", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ir (to go)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugation of ir (English to go) is irregular in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0082-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo voy I am going, 1 go", "tú vas you are going, you go", "él va he is going, he goes", "ella va she is going, she goes", "Ud. va you are going, you go", "Vamos a la ciudad.", "¿ Vas tú a la playa los domingos?", "Ellas van a la tienda.", ": Adonde van ellos ?", "Voy al banco los miércoles.", "¿ Quieres ir con nosotros?", "Quiero ir al supermercado.", "nosotros vamos we are going, we go", "vosotros vais", "you are going, you go", "ellos van", "they are going, they go", "ellas van", "they are going, they go", "Uds. van", "you are going, you go", "We are going to the city.", "Do you go to the beach on Sundays?", "They are going to the store.", "(To) where are they going?", "I go to the bank on Wednesdays.", "Do you want to go with us!", "I want to go to the supermarket."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 82, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Verb ir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Whether this verb is translated to go or to be going depends on the context of the sentence."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.1", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre y la mujer ___________________ al trabajo a las siete de la mañana.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ al cine los sábados.", "3. ¿Quiere Ud. ___________________ con nosotros?", "4. La estudiante ___________________ a la escuela los martes.", "5. Los niños quieren ___________________ al circo porque quieren ver los elefantes.", "6. Yo ___________________ al gimnasio porque quiero hacer ejercicio.", "7. ¿ ___________________ tú al campo los fines de semana?", "8. Ernesto no quiere ___________________ a España pero Mariana sí quiere ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "voy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Vas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ir, ir", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.1 1. van 2. vamos 3. ir 4. va 5. ir 6. voy 7. Vas 8. ir, ir", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "voy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Vas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ir, ir", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. van 2. vamos 3. ir 4. va 5. ir 6. voy 7. Vas 8. ir, ir"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future with the Verb ir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ir + a + an infinitive is used to express future time. The English equivalent is to be going to (do something)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos van a cantar esta noche.", "Vamos a decidir más tarde.", "They are going to sing tonight", "We are going to decide later."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Vamos a decidir más tarde.", "back": "We are going to decide later."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form a question using this construction, place the subject of the sentence either directly after the conjugated form of ir or after the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Van ellos a cantar esta noche?", "¿ Van a cantar ellos esta noche?", "¿A qué hora va a llegar el tren?", "Are they going to sing tonight!", "Are they going to sing tonight!", "At what hour is the train going"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Van ellos a cantar esta noche?", "back": "Are they going to sing tonight!"}, {"front": "¿A qué hora va a llegar el tren?", "back": "At what hour is the train going"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the subject pronoun is not necessary."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Vas a viajar a España?", "Vamos a salir ahora.", "Are you going to travel to Spain:", "We are going to leave now."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Vas a viajar a España?", "back": "Are you going to travel to Spain:"}, {"front": "Vamos a salir ahora.", "back": "We are going to leave now."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following frequently used -ar verbs will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aceptar", "apagar", "arreglar", "cambiar", "celebrar", "to accept", "to turn off", "to arrange, to fix", "to change", "to celebrate", "cruzar", "dibujar", "disfrutar", "doblar", "explicar", "to cross", "to draw", "to enjoy", "to turn, to fold", "to explain"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9848484848484849, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "aceptar", "back": "to accept"}, {"front": "cruzar", "back": "to cross"}, {"front": "apagar", "back": "to turn off"}, {"front": "dibujar", "back": "to draw"}, {"front": "cambiar", "back": "to change"}, {"front": "doblar", "back": "to turn, to fold"}, {"front": "celebrar", "back": "to celebrate"}, {"front": "explicar", "back": "to explain"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 83, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["firmar", "gozar", "llorar", "manejar", "marcar", "necesitar", "parar", "to sign", "to enjoy", "to cry", "to drive", "to dial, to mark", "to need", "to stop", "pintar", "preparar", "repasar", "terminar", "tirar", "usar", "viajar", "to paint", "to prepare", "to revieu", "to finish", "to throu", "to use", "to travel"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "firmar", "back": "to sign"}, {"front": "pintar", "back": "to paint"}, {"front": "gozar", "back": "to enjoy"}, {"front": "preparar", "back": "to prepare"}, {"front": "llorar", "back": "to cry"}, {"front": "repasar", "back": "to revieu"}, {"front": "manejar", "back": "to drive"}, {"front": "terminar", "back": "to finish"}, {"front": "marcar", "back": "to dial, to mark"}, {"front": "tirar", "back": "to throu"}, {"front": "necesitar", "back": "to need"}, {"front": "usar", "back": "to use"}, {"front": "parar", "back": "to stop"}, {"front": "viajar", "back": "to travel"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 84, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.2", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the Spanish verb or expression. Remember that the Spanish preposition a follows the verb ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde ____________________ (to be going to be) Marí y Sara a las diez esta noche?", "2. Samuel ____________________ (to be going to sign) un documento mañana.", "3. Mañana, yo ____________________ (to be going to finish) la tarea.", "4. ¿Quién ____________________ (to be going to buy) los tiquetes para el viaje?", "5. Nosotros ____________________ (to be going to celebrate) el cumpleaños de Ana el sábado.", "6. Él no ____________________ (to be going to accept) la invitación.", "7. Nosotros ____________________ (to be going to enjoy) el verano este año porque nosotros ____________________ (to go) a Chile.", "8. Esta noche yo ____________________ (to be going to cook). No quiero ____________________ (to go) a un restaurante.", "9. ¿Quién ____________________ (to be going to turn off) las luces?", "10. ¿Cómo ____________________ (to be going to spend) Uds. el día de acción de gracias?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Elena", "va a viajar", "- (to be going to travel) a Portugal", "Ella necesita", "_ (to need) aprender el portugués.", "a veces", "afortunadamente", "completamente", "de nuevo", "después de", "+ infinitive", "gratis", "hacia", "menos mal", "mejor", "at times", "fortunately", "completely", "again", "after (doing something)", "free (in cost)", "toward", "luckily", "better", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "3. ¿Sabe Ud. si el personaje principal es hombre o mujer? ¿Cómo sabe", "Ud.?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "van a estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "va a firmar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "voy a terminar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "va a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vamos a celebrar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "va a aceptar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vamos a disfrutar, vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "voy a cocinar, ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "va a apagar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "van a pasar", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.2 1. van a estar 2. va a firmar 3. voy a terminar 4. va a comprar 5. vamos a celebrar 6. va a aceptar 7. vamos a disfrutar, vamos 8. voy a cocinar, ir 9. va a apagar 10. van a pasar", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "van a estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "va a firmar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "voy a terminar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "va a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vamos a celebrar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "va a aceptar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vamos a disfrutar, vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "voy a cocinar, ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "va a apagar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "van a pasar", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. van a estar 2. va a firmar 3. voy a terminar 4. va a comprar 5. vamos a celebrar 6. va a aceptar 7. vamos a disfrutar, vamos 8. voy a cocinar, ir 9. va a apagar 10. van a pasar"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Idioms are expressions that do not translate directly from one language to another. Instead of saying, for example, how old someone or something is, Spanish uses the verb tener, to have."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0085-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo tengo treinta años.", "1 am thirty years old. (literally", "I have thirty years.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.6666666666666666, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Yo tengo treinta años.", "back": "1 am thirty years old. (literally"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 85, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Idioms with the Verb tener"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Indeed, there are many Spanish idioms that use the verb tener."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0085-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener", "años", "tener calor", "tener celos", "tener cuidado", "tener la culpar", "tener dolor de (cabeza,", "estómago, etc.)", "tener envidia", "tener éxito", "tener frío", "tener ganas de", "tener hambre", "tener la palabra", "tener lugar", "tener miedo de", "tener prisa", "tener que ver con", "tener rabia", "tener razón", "tener sed", "tener sueño", "tener suerte", "tener vergüenza", "to be", "- years old", "to be hot", "to be jealous", "to be careful", "to be at fault", "to have a (head)ache, (stomach)ache, etc", "to be envious", "to be successful, to have success", "to be cold", "to want, to desire", "to be hungry", "to have the floor", "to take place", "to be afraid of", "to be in a hurry", "to have to do with", "to be in a rage, to be very angry", "to be right", "to be thirsty", "to be sleepy", "to be lucky, to have luck", "to be ashamed"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "tener", "back": "años"}, {"front": "to be", "back": "- years old"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 85, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.3", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans3", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuántos años tienes?", "2. ¿Tiene Ud. frío en el invierno donde vive?", "3. ¿Es necesario tener cuidado en las calles de una ciudad grande?", "4. ¿Tiene Ud. dolor de cabeza ahora?", "5. ¿En qué profesión tiene Ud. éxito?", "6. ¿Tiene Ud. ganas de tomar una cerveza fría o prefiere el vino blanco?", "7. ¿A qué hora tiene Ud. hambre?", "8. ¿Tiene Ud. miedo del agua? ¿Sabe Ud. nadar?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "7.3 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.4", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate idiom of tener in the correct form. Use each idiom no more than once.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Si Uds. ____________________, ¿comen mucho?", "2. Si una persona ____________________, bebe agua.", "3. Siempre gano los premios; yo ____________________, ¿es verdad?", "4. Los muchachos quieren mirar televisión hasta las diez, pero los padres ____________________ y quieren dormir.", "5. En el invierno, nosotros ____________________ en las montañas. Vamos de vacaciones al Caribe y si ____________________ nadamos en el océano.", "6. ¿Quién quiere hablar? Estamos listos para escuchar las nuevas ideas. Irene ____________________.", "7. ¿ ____________________ tú ____________________ de hablar delante de mucha gente en una conferencia grande?", "8. Yo ____________________. ¡Quiero salir ahora!", "9. Él no tiene mucho dinero pero ____________________ en la vida.", "10. Janet ____________________ de cabeza y no puede ir al trabajo.", "11. ¿Es importante ____________________ en situaciones peligrosas?", "12. Irene tiene una buena respuesta. Ramón tiene una respuesta excelente. No sabemos quien ____________________.", "13. ¿Dónde ____________________ la fiesta?", "14. Nosotros ____________________ de ir a la playa el sábado.", "15. ¿Cuántos ____________________ el hermano de Rafael?", "16. Es una respuesta excelente, pero ¿qué ____________________ la pregunta?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tienen hambre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tengo suerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "tienen sueño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tenemos frío, tenemos calor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tiene la palabra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Tienes (tú) miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tengo prisa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tiene dolor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tener cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tiene lugar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "tenemos ganas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "años tiene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "tiene que ver con", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.4 1. tienen hambre 2. tiene sed 3. tengo suerte 4. tienen sueño 5. tenemos frío, tenemos calor 6. tiene la palabra 7. Tienes (tú) miedo 8. tengo prisa 9. tiene éxito 10. tiene dolor 11. tener cuidado 12. tiene razón 13. tiene lugar 14. tenemos ganas 15. años tiene 16. tiene que ver con", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tienen hambre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tengo suerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "tienen sueño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tenemos frío, tenemos calor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tiene la palabra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Tienes (tú) miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tengo prisa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tiene dolor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tener cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tiene lugar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "tenemos ganas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "años tiene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "tiene que ver con", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tienen hambre 2. tiene sed 3. tengo suerte 4. tienen sueño 5. tenemos frío, tenemos calor 6. tiene la palabra 7. Tienes (tú) miedo 8. tengo prisa 9. tiene éxito 10. tiene dolor 11. tener cuidado 12. tiene razón 13. tiene lugar 14. tenemos ganas 15. años tiene 16. tiene que ver con"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Other Idioms"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0087-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acabar de + infinitive to have just (done something)", "yo acabo de llegar", "I have just arrived", "tú acabas de cantar", "él acaba de salir", "you have just sung", "he has just left", "nosotros acabamos de decidir", "we have just decided", "vosotros acabáis de pagar", "you have just paid", "ellos acaban de volver", "they have just returned", "NOTE: The present tense of acabar de + infinitive is translated in En-", "glish as the present perfect tense + just.", "dejar de + infinitive to stop (doing something)", "yo dejo de fumar", "I stop smoking", "tú dejas de comer", "you stop eating", "ella deja de bailar", "she stops dancing", "nosotros dejamos de trabajar", "we stop working", "vosotros dejáis de beber", "you stop drinking", "ellas dejan de estudiar", "they stop studying", "tener que + infinitive to have to (do something)", "yo tengo que ir", "I have to go", "tú tienes que cocinar", "you have to cook", "él tiene que hablar", "he has to speak", "nosotros tenemos que caminar", "we have to walk", "vosotros tenéis que escuchar", "you have to listen", "ellos tienen que descansar", "they have to rest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "vosotros acabáis de pagar", "back": "he has just left"}, {"front": "you have just paid", "back": "nosotros acabamos de decidir"}, {"front": "ellos acaban de volver", "back": "we have just decided"}, {"front": "tú dejas de comer", "back": "she stops dancing"}, {"front": "you stop eating", "back": "nosotros dejamos de trabajar"}, {"front": "ella deja de bailar", "back": "we stop working"}, {"front": "tú tienes que cocinar", "back": "he has to speak"}, {"front": "you have to cook", "back": "nosotros tenemos que caminar"}, {"front": "él tiene que hablar", "back": "we have to walk"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 87, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0088-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tratar de + infinitive to try to (do something)", "yo trato de leer", "I try to read", "tú tratas de limpiar", "you try to clean", "Ud. trata de contestar", "you try to answer", "nosotros tratamos de escribir", "we try to write", "vosotros tratáis de correr", "you try to run", "Uds. tratan de nadar", "you try to swim", "volver a + infinitive to do (something) again", "yo vuelvo a leer", "I read again", "tú vuelves a cocinar", "you cook again", "Ud. vuelve a mentir", "you lie again", "nosotros volvemos a conversar", "we speak again", "vosotros volvéis a cantar", "you sing again", "Uds. vuelven a ganar", "you win again"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 88, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.5", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following letter with the appropriate idiomatic expression. Choose from the expressions listed below.", "extra": ["acabar de, dejar de, tener que, tratar de", "Queridos amigos,", "Yo ____________________ (1.) llegar a Lisboa en Portugal. La ciudad es bonita pero no entiendo el portugués. Yo ____________________ (2.) aprender a hablar el idioma si quiero gozar del país. Voy a ____________________ (3.) empezar las clases mañana. No debo ____________________ (4.) viajar porque aprendo mucho del país y de la gente.", "Hasta pronto."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "acabo de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tratar de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dejar de", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.5 1. acabo de 2. tengo que 3. tratar de 4. dejar de", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "acabo de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tratar de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dejar de", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. acabo de 2. tengo que 3. tratar de 4. dejar de"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Useful Words: que and para"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Relative Pronoun que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish que (English that, which, or who) is the most common relative pronoun in everyday speech. Que can refer to persons or things, either singular or plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El programa que miro los", "viernes es interesante.", "Los platos, que acabo de", "comprar, son verdes.", "Ella tiene un amigo que vive", "en el campo.", "The program that I watch on", "Fridays is interesting.", "The plates, which I have just", "bought, are green.", "She has a friend who lives in the", "countryside."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "El programa que miro los", "back": "The program that I watch on"}, {"front": "viernes es interesante.", "back": "Fridays is interesting."}, {"front": "Los platos, que acabo de", "back": "The plates, which I have just"}, {"front": "comprar, son verdes.", "back": "bought, are green."}, {"front": "Ella tiene un amigo que vive", "back": "She has a friend who lives in the"}, {"front": "en el campo.", "back": "countryside."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The relative pronoun que can also be used after prepositions. As the object of a preposition, que refers to a thing or things only. It does not refer to a person or persons."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro en que escribimos", "es viejo.", "No entiendo el tema de que", "habla.", "Ella tiene un bastón con que", "caminar", "The book in which we write is old.", "I don't understand the theme of", "which you speak.", "She has a cane with which to walk"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Conjunction que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "One of the uses of conjunctions is to join two sentences into a single sentence. Spanish que (English that) used as a conjunction may join a main clause and a dependent (or subordinate) clause to form a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0089-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El maestro sabe que los", "estudiantes entienden.", "Él piensa que la lección es fácil.", "Veo que el tren viene.", "The teacher knows that the students", "understand.", "He thinks that the lesson is easy.", "I see that the train is coming."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "El maestro sabe que los", "back": "The teacher knows that the students"}, {"front": "estudiantes entienden.", "back": "understand."}, {"front": "Él piensa que la lección es fácil.", "back": "He thinks that the lesson is easy."}, {"front": "Veo que el tren viene.", "back": "I see that the train is coming."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 89, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English word that, whether it is used as a relative pronoun or as a conjunction, is often omitted. For example, it is correct in English to say either the program I see or the program that I see, and to say I think the lesson is easy or I think that the lesson is easy. In Spanish, que is never omitted."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Preposition para"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Para has two meanings in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• for"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José tiene dos libros para la clase.", "La pregunta es para María.", "Mañana, el barco sale para Cuba.", "Los guantes son para el invierno.", "¿ Hay una carta para nosotros?", "Ella va a estudiar para el examen.", "Joe has two books for the class.", "The question is for María.", "Tomorrow the boat sails for Cuba", "The gloves are for the winter.", "Is there a letter for us?", "She is going to study for the exam"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9857142857142858, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "José tiene dos libros para la clase.", "back": "Joe has two books for the class."}, {"front": "La pregunta es para María.", "back": "The question is for María."}, {"front": "Mañana, el barco sale para Cuba.", "back": "Tomorrow the boat sails for Cuba"}, {"front": "Los guantes son para el invierno.", "back": "The gloves are for the winter."}, {"front": "¿ Hay una carta para nosotros?", "back": "Is there a letter for us?"}, {"front": "Ella va a estudiar para el examen.", "back": "She is going to study for the exam"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 90, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• in order to"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0090-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Comemos para vivir.", "Ella baila para estar alegre.", "El estudia para ser doctor:", "Corro para llegar a tiempo.", "Sara hace ejercicios para cantar:", "We eat in order to live.", "She dances in order to be happy.", "He studies in order to be a doctor", "I run in order to arrive on time.", "Sarah does exercises in order", "to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 90, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.6", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by translating the English phrase in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella viene a la clase ____________________ (in order to learn).", "2. Yo sé ____________________ (that she is here).", "3. El hombre ____________________ (who lives here) es guapo.", "4. ¿Piensa Ud. ____________________ (that I should go)?", "5. Él practica ____________________ (in order to play) el piano.", "6. ¿ ____________________ (for whom) es la pregunta?", "7. Las llaves ____________________ (that I need) están en el carro.", "8. ¿Tiene Ud. una habitación ____________________ (for two persons)?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que ella está aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que vive aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "que yo debo ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para tocar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Para quién", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "que necesito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "para dos personas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.6 1. para aprender 2. que ella está aquí 3. que vive aquí 4. que yo debo ir 5. para tocar 6. Para quién 7. que necesito 8. para dos personas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que ella está aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que vive aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "que yo debo ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para tocar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Para quién", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "que necesito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "para dos personas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. para aprender 2. que ella está aquí 3. que vive aquí 4. que yo debo ir 5. para tocar 6. Para quién 7. que necesito 8. para dos personas"}]}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la articulación", "la barba", "la barbilla", "la boca", "el brazo", "el cabello", "la cabeza", "la cadera", "la cara", "la ceja", "la cintura", "el codo", "la columna", "el cuello", "el dedo", "el dedo del pie", "el diente", "las encías", "la espalda", "la frente", "la garganta", "el hombro", "la lengua", "a man", "the joint", "the beard", "the chin", "the mouth", "the arm", "the hair", "the head", "the hip", "the face", "the eyebrow", "the waist", "the elbow", "the spine", "the neck", "the finger", "the toe", "the tooth", "the gums", "the back", "the forehead", "the throat", "the shoulder", "the tongue", "the hand", "la mejilla", "la muñeca", "el muslo", "las nalgas", "la nariz", "la nuca", "el oído", "el ojo", "la oreja", "el párpado", "el pecho", "el pelo", "la pestaña", "el pie", "la piel", "la pierna", "el pulgar", "la quijada", "la rodilla", "los senos", "el talón", "el tobillo", "la uña", "the cheek", "the wrist", "the thigh", "the buttocks", "the nose", "the nape", "the inner ear", "the eye", "the ear", "the eyelid", "the chest", "the hair", "the eyelash", "the foot", "the skin", "the leg", "the thumb", "the jaw", "the knee", "the breasts", "the heel", "the ankle", "the nail"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 46, "cards": [{"front": "la articulación", "back": "the joint"}, {"front": "la mejilla", "back": "the cheek"}, {"front": "la barba", "back": "the beard"}, {"front": "la muñeca", "back": "the wrist"}, {"front": "la barbilla", "back": "the chin"}, {"front": "el muslo", "back": "the thigh"}, {"front": "la boca", "back": "the mouth"}, {"front": "las nalgas", "back": "the buttocks"}, {"front": "el brazo", "back": "the arm"}, {"front": "la nariz", "back": "the nose"}, {"front": "el cabello", "back": "the hair"}, {"front": "la nuca", "back": "the 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encías", "back": "the gums"}, {"front": "la quijada", "back": "the jaw"}, {"front": "la espalda", "back": "the back"}, {"front": "la rodilla", "back": "the knee"}, {"front": "la frente", "back": "the forehead"}, {"front": "los senos", "back": "the breasts"}, {"front": "la garganta", "back": "the throat"}, {"front": "el talón", "back": "the heel"}, {"front": "el hombro", "back": "the shoulder"}, {"front": "el tobillo", "back": "the ankle"}, {"front": "la lengua", "back": "the tongue"}, {"front": "la uña", "back": "the nail"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 91, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["las amígdalas", "la arteria", "el cerebro", "el corazón", "las costillas", "el estómago", "el hígado", "the tonsils", "the artery", "the brain", "the heart", "the ribs", "the stomach", "the liver", "el hueso", "el músculo", "el pulmón", "el riñón", "la sangre", "el tendón", "las venas", "the bone", "the muscle", "the lung", "the kidney", "the blood", "the tendon", "the veins"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "las amígdalas", "back": "the tonsils"}, {"front": "el hueso", "back": "the bone"}, {"front": "la arteria", "back": "the artery"}, {"front": "el músculo", "back": "the muscle"}, {"front": "el cerebro", "back": "the brain"}, {"front": "el pulmón", "back": "the lung"}, {"front": "el corazón", "back": "the heart"}, {"front": "el riñón", "back": "the kidney"}, {"front": "las costillas", "back": "the ribs"}, {"front": "la sangre", "back": "the blood"}, {"front": "el estómago", "back": "the stomach"}, {"front": "el tendón", "back": "the tendon"}, {"front": "el hígado", "back": "the liver"}, {"front": "las venas", "back": "the veins"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 91, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the definite articles el, la, los, and las are used more frequently than the possessive adjective, especially with parts of the body. In English we would use a possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, our, their)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0092-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un problema en el pie.", "Él tiene dolor del tobillo y no", "puede caminar bien.", "El niño tiene las manos sucias.", "Tenemos veinte dedos; diez en", "las manos y diez en los pies.", "She has a problem with her foot.", "He has a pain in his toe and can't", "walk well.", "The boy has dirty hands. (His hands", "are dirty.)", "We have twenty digits: ten on our", "hands and ten on our feet."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 92, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "La familia"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you learn the names for family members, you will see that the plural takes the masculine form when it includes more than one male or a male and female pair. For example, el padre means the father; la madre means the mother. The father and mother together are the parents, which in Spanish is expressed as los padres."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0092-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los bisabuelos", "el bisabuelo", "la bisabuela", "los abuelos", "el abuelo", "la abuela", "los padres", "el padre", "la madre", "los parientes", "el pariente", "la pariente", "el tío, la tía", "el esposo / el marido, la esposa", "el hijo, la hija", "el hermano, la hermana", "el nieto, la nieta", "el primo, la prima", "el sobrino, la sobrina", "el suegro, la suegra", "the great-grandparents", "the great-grandfather", "the great-grandmother", "the grandparents", "the grandfather", "the grandmother", "the parents", "the father", "the mother", "the relatives", "the (male) relative", "the (female) relative", "the uncle, the aunt", "the husband, the wife", "the son, the daughter", "the brother, the sister", "the grandson, the granddaughter", "the (male) cousin, the (female) cousin", "the nephew, the niece", "the father-in-law, the mother-in-law"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 20, "cards": [{"front": "los bisabuelos", "back": "the great-grandparents"}, {"front": "el bisabuelo", "back": "the great-grandfather"}, {"front": "la bisabuela", "back": "the great-grandmother"}, {"front": "los abuelos", "back": "the grandparents"}, {"front": "el abuelo", "back": "the grandfather"}, {"front": "la abuela", "back": "the grandmother"}, {"front": "los padres", "back": "the parents"}, {"front": "el padre", "back": "the father"}, {"front": "la madre", "back": "the mother"}, {"front": "los parientes", "back": "the relatives"}, {"front": "el pariente", "back": "the (male) relative"}, {"front": "la pariente", "back": "the (female) relative"}, {"front": "el tío, la tía", "back": "the uncle, the aunt"}, {"front": "el esposo / el marido, la esposa", "back": "the husband, the wife"}, {"front": "el hijo, la hija", "back": "the son, the daughter"}, {"front": "el hermano, la hermana", "back": "the brother, the sister"}, {"front": "el nieto, la nieta", "back": "the grandson, the granddaughter"}, {"front": "el primo, la prima", "back": "the (male) cousin, the (female) cousin"}, {"front": "el sobrino, la sobrina", "back": "the nephew, the niece"}, {"front": "el suegro, la suegra", "back": "the father-in-law, the mother-in-law"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 92, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el yerno, la nuera", "el cuñado, la cuñada", "el padrastro, la madrastra", "el padrino, la madrina", "el ahijado, la ahijada", "the son-in-law, the daughter-in-law", "the brother-in-law, the sister-in-lau", "the stepfather, the stepmother", "the godfather, the godmother", "the godson, the goddaughter"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "el yerno, la nuera", "back": "the son-in-law, the daughter-in-law"}, {"front": "el cuñado, la cuñada", "back": "the brother-in-law, the sister-in-lau"}, {"front": "el padrastro, la madrastra", "back": "the stepfather, the stepmother"}, {"front": "el padrino, la madrina", "back": "the godfather, the godmother"}, {"front": "el ahijado, la ahijada", "back": "the godson, the goddaughter"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Time Expressions with hacer"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To ask how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the present tense. The translation of this construction is equivalent to the present perfect tense in English. The action begins in the past and continues into the present."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto tiempo hace que + verb in the present tense", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que", "Hou long have you been living here!", "Ud. vive aquí?", "(literally, How much time does it", "make that you live here?)", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que él", "estudia el francés?", "¿Cuánto tiempo hace que", "Uds. viajan?", "¿ Cuánto tiempo hace que la", "muchacha mira televisión?", "How long has he been studying", "French?", "How long have you been traveling?", "How long has the girl been watching"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8414634146341463, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To answer the question of how long someone has been doing something, Spanish uses the following expression."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0093-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hace + length of time + que + verb in the present tense", "Hace quince años que yo", "I have been living here for fifteen", "vivo aquí.", "years. (literally, It makes fifteen", "years that I live here.)", "Hace un mes que él estudia", "el francés.", "Hace seis semanas que", "viajamos.", "Hace una hora que ella mira", "televisión.", "He has been studying French for", "a month.", "We have been traveling for six weeks", "She has been watching television", "for an hour."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9705882352941176, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 93, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About “How Long”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The hace + the length of time + que + the verb in the present tense construction looks complicated because the English translation uses the present perfect tense. But in Spanish, whenever you want to express how long someone has been doing something, just use the present tense."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.7", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Choose from the infinitives listed below; use each verb no more than once.", "extra": ["abrir, beber, cerrar, cocinar, comer, correr, deber, dormir, empezar, estar, hacer, ir, jugar, nadar, perder, saber, salir, ser, tener que, trabajar, tratar, vivir"], "prompts": ["1. María y Tomás van a España. El viaje va a _________________ fantástico.", "2. Susana practica para poder _________________ en el maratón.", "3. ¿Vas a _________________ arroz con pollo para la familia?", "4. La parte de la cabeza que _________________ entre el pelo y los ojos es la frente.", "5. Nosotros _________________ los ojos para dormir.", "6. Yo _________________ la boca para hablar, pero las palabras no _________________.", "7. Enrique _________________ de estudiar pero prefiere jugar al tenis.", "8. Para aprender bien, los estudiantes _________________ que asistir a la clase.", "9. ¿Qué _________________ Ud. si tiene sed? ¿ _________________ agua o jugo?", "10. Ella quiere _________________ a Sudamérica. Ella _________________ en Canadá.", "11. La película popular _________________ a las siete. Nosotros _________________ comprar los tiquetes a las seis.", "12. Yo soy ingeniero y _________________ en el décimo piso del edificio.", "13. El hombre fuerte _________________ ocho horas cada noche; él _________________ vegetales y pescado; _________________ en la piscina del gimnasio en el invierno, y él _________________ al béisbol en el verano.", "14. ¿Quién _________________ la historia de los Estados Unidos?", "15. Ella siempre _________________ las llaves de la casa."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "correr", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cerramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "abro, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "trata", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hace, Bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ir, vive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "empieza, debemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "trabajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "duerme, come, nada, juega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pierde", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.7 1. ser 2. correr 3. cocinar 4. está 5. cerramos 6. abro, salen 7. trata 8. tienen 9. hace, Bebe 10. ir, vive 11. empieza, debemos 12. trabajo 13. duerme, come, nada, juega 14. sabe 15. pierde", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "correr", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cerramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "abro, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "trata", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hace, Bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ir, vive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "empieza, debemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "trabajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "duerme, come, nada, juega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pierde", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ser 2. correr 3. cocinar 4. está 5. cerramos 6. abro, salen 7. trata 8. tienen 9. hace, Bebe 10. ir, vive 11. empieza, debemos 12. trabajo 13. duerme, come, nada, juega 14. sabe 15. pierde"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.8", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ir.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre quiere ___________________ al partido de béisbol. Él ___________________ siempre los domingos.", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú al cine con Elena? Ella es una mujer simpática.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ a comprar un carro para el cumpleaños de Pablo.", "4. ¿Adónde ___________________ Uds.?", "5. Yo ___________________ a la escuela los lunes y los miércoles. Los martes, ___________________ a la biblioteca para estudiar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ir, va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "voy, voy", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.8 1. ir, va 2. vas 3. vamos 4. van 5. voy, voy", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ir, va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "voy, voy", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ir, va 2. vas 3. vamos 4. van 5. voy, voy"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.9", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb or expression. Choose from the list below; use each option no more than once.", "extra": ["bajar, cocinar, estar, ganar, hacer, hay, leer, llegar, perder, preferir, regresar, saber, salir, ser, subir, tener calor, tener frío, tener hambre, tener miedo, tener razón, tener sed, tener sueño, tomar, venir, volver"], "prompts": ["1. Son las doce de la noche. Carlos no puede dormir bien y _________________. Tomás _________________ y quiere comer.", "2. ¿Quiere Ud. _________________ aquí a Nueva York a ver una obra de teatro?", "3. Ella no quiere _________________ una cita con el doctor porque _________________ de las inyecciones.", "4. Los hijos de Bernarda _________________ de la casa a las siete y media de la mañana. Ellos _________________ a casa a las cuatro.", "5. El viajero _________________ los periódicos y las revistas porque quiere _________________ las noticias del día.", "6. ¿Cuántas guerras _________________ en el mundo?", "7. El hermano de Alicia siempre _________________ el bus para llegar al trabajo, pero Alicia _________________ caminar.", "8. Miguel piensa que va a _________________ mucho dinero este año.", "9. Yo trato de _________________ a tiempo a la clase.", "10. Los dos amigos _________________ de Perú. El apartamento de ellos _________________ en la calle cuarenta y dos con la avenida doce.", "11. Vivo en el décimo piso. Yo _________________ y _________________ en el ascensor.", "12. A las seis de la noche, Elena _________________ a casa y empieza a _________________ una comida para la familia.", "13. Si yo _________________, llevo un suéter extra.", "14. Si ella _________________, va a la playa porque quiere nadar.", "15. ¿Bebe Ud. mucho si _________________?", "16. No jugamos bien al tenis y siempre _________________ el juego.", "17. Julia piensa que el sol es importante. Ramón piensa que la luna es más importante. ¿Quién _________________?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tiene sueño, tiene hambre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "venir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hacer, tiene miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "salen, vuelven", "alternates": ["regresan"]}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lee, saber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "toma, prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ganar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "son, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "subo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": ["vuelve, cocinar"]}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tengo frío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "tiene calor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.9 1. tiene sueño, tiene hambre 2. venir 3. hacer, tiene miedo 4. salen, vuelven {{OR}} regresan 5. lee, saber 6. hay 7. toma, prefiere 8. ganar 9. llegar 10. son, está 11. subo, bajo 12. regresa {{OR}} vuelve, cocinar 13. tengo frío 14. tiene calor 15. tiene sed 16. perdemos 17. tiene razón", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tiene sueño, tiene hambre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "venir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hacer, tiene miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "salen, vuelven", "alternates": ["regresan"]}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lee, saber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "toma, prefiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ganar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "son, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "subo, bajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": ["vuelve, cocinar"]}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tengo frío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "tiene calor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "tiene sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "perdemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "tiene razón", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tiene sueño, tiene hambre 2. venir 3. hacer, tiene miedo 4. salen, vuelven {{OR}} regresan 5. lee, saber 6. hay 7. toma, prefiere 8. ganar 9. llegar 10. son, está 11. subo, bajo 12. regresa {{OR}} vuelve, cocinar 13. tengo frío 14. tiene calor 15. tiene sed 16. perdemos 17. tiene razón"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.10", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate part of the body in each blank.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella tiene _________________ corto. Tiene _________________ azules y una sonrisa hermosa.", "2. La nariz y las cejas son partes de _________________.", "3. Es difícil correr si tenemos dolor del _________________.", "4. Comemos con _________________. Vamos al dentista para cuidar _________________.", "5. Si yo tengo una infección y no puedo oír bien, la infección está en _________________.", "6. Si una persona toma mucho alcohol, va a tener problemas en _________________.", "7. Si una persona tiene asma, el problema está en _________________.", "8. El tobillo, el pie, y la _________________ son partes de la pierna.", "9. Tengo dolor del _________________ y no quiero comer.", "10. Sonreímos con _________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el pelo, los ojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "la cara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "pie", "alternates": ["tobillo"]}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la boca, los dientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "el oído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "el hígado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "los pulmones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rodilla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estómago", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "los labios", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.10 1. el pelo, los ojos 2. la cara 3. pie {{OR}} tobillo 4. la boca, los dientes 5. el oído 6. el hígado 7. los pulmones 8. rodilla 9. estómago 10. los labios", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el pelo, los ojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la cara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "pie", "alternates": ["tobillo"]}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la boca, los dientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "el oído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "el hígado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "los pulmones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rodilla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estómago", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "los labios", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el pelo, los ojos 2. la cara 3. pie {{OR}} tobillo 4. la boca, los dientes 5. el oído 6. el hígado 7. los pulmones 8. rodilla 9. estómago 10. los labios"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.11", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans11", "instruction": "Review ser and estar, then complete the following sentences.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quién _________________ aquí?", "2. Los guantes del hombre _________________ verdes.", "3. Ella quiere _________________ con su familia en Navidad.", "4. ¿Cómo sabes quién _________________ ella?", "5. _________________ o no _________________. Es la cuestión. (la cuestión = the issue)", "6. El muchacho _________________ contento si no tiene que ir a la escuela.", "7. ¿Estás donde quieres _________________?", "8. Nosotros _________________ buenos amigos.", "9. Jorge _________________ un buen hombre.", "10. La fiesta _________________ en la casa de Manuel.", "11. ¿Cuál _________________ la fecha de hoy? ¿Qué día _________________ hoy?", "12. Yo _________________ de Filadelfia. ¿De dónde _________________ Uds.?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "soy, son", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.11 1. está 2. son 3. estar 4. es 5. Ser, ser 6. está 7. estar 8. somos 9. es 10. es 11. es, es 12. soy, son", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "es, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "soy, son", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está 2. son 3. estar 4. es 5. Ser, ser 6. está 7. estar 8. somos 9. es 10. es 11. es, es 12. soy, son"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "7.12", "ansAnchor": "ch7ans12", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate family member in Spanish. Use each term no more than once.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Graciela tiene sesenta y seis años y tiene dos _________________. El nombre de uno es Enrique; la otra es Felicia.", "2. Enrique tiene treinta años. Felicia tiene treinta y dos años. Ellos son _________________.", "3. Enrique tiene una _________________ bonita de treinta y un años. Ellos tienen dos hijos.", "4. Felicia tiene un _________________ flaco de treinta y cuatro años. Ellos tienen dos hijas.", "5. Los hijos de Enrique y Felicia son jóvenes. Ellos son los _________________ de Graciela.", "6. Los hijos de Enrique y Felicia están contentos porque Graciela es muy simpática y ella es la _________________ de ellos.", "7. El hermano de Felicia es el _________________ de los niños de ella.", "8. La hermana de Enrique es la _________________ de los niños de él.", "9. El hermano del esposo de Felicia es el _________________ de ella.", "10. La hermana del esposo de Felicia es la _________________ de ella.", "11. El padre de la esposa de Enrique es el _________________ de él.", "12. La madre de la esposa de Enrique es la _________________ de él.", "13. El padre del padre de Felicia es el _________________ de ella.", "14. Todos son _________________ de ellos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hijos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "esposa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nietos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "abuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cuñado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuñada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "suegro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "suegra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "parientes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "7.12 1. hijos 2. hermanos 3. esposa 4. esposo 5. nietos 6. abuela 7. tío 8. tía 9. cuñado 10. cuñada 11. suegro 12. suegra 13. abuelo 14. parientes", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hijos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "esposa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nietos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "abuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cuñado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuñada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "suegro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "suegra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "parientes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hijos 2. hermanos 3. esposa 4. esposo 5. nietos 6. abuela 7. tío 8. tía 9. cuñado 10. cuñada 11. suegro 12. suegra 13. abuelo 14. parientes"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La cita"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La sala de espera de este doctor es muy grande porque trabaja solo. Debe tener mucho éxito porque tiene tres secretarias que contestan sus llamadas, hacen las citas, dan consejos sobre los seguros médicos y organizan su horario. Confieso que la sala de espera es común; tiene una mesa como cualquier otra, con revistas de moda para las mujeres y revistas de deportes para los hombres. Hay una mesita con una lámpara en cada rincón del cuarto. Son las dos menos quince. Tomo asiento y escojo una de las revistas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Un hombre amable entra. Él debe tener la primera cita de la tarde. En seguida, una viejecita llega con su hija y toman asiento cerca de mí. Logro escuchar su conversación. La madre tiene dolor de cabeza; su hija no camina bien. Un hombre con el brazo roto entra; después, un muchacho que tiene problemas con el tobillo, una mujer con dolor del cuello y de la espalda, y un hombre simpático con dolor del estómago. Algunos están tranquilos, pero la mayoría de ellos están inquietos. Miran sus relojes a menudo; tratan de leer pero no pueden; tratan de hacer conversación para pasar el tiempo. Mientras tanto, la gente llega y llega y llega. Parece que no va a caber ninguna persona más en la sala pequeña. Pero vienen más y más hasta llenar todo el cuarto con pacientes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Son las dos y media. Por fin, el doctor emerge de su oficina. La secretaria empieza a leer los nombres que están en su lista. Al escuchar su nombre, cada persona desaparece en la oficina por un rato, sale del consultorio, hace otra cita antes de volver a casa. Sigue así toda la tarde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La secretaria ve que todavía estoy aquí. Tenemos esta conversación:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0099-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "LA SECRETARIA", "YO", "¿ Cuál es su nombre?", "Me llamo Isabel.", "¿ Cuál es su apellido?", "Pereira. Mi apellido es Pereira.", "Pero su nombre no aparece en la lista.", "No tengo una cita hoy. Estoy bien de salud.", "¿Quiere Ud. hacer una cita?", "No, estoy bien, gracias.", "La oficina cierra a las seis. Ud. tiene que salir", "Esta bien."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9833333151681083, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 99, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aparecer", "caber", "confesar", "desaparecer", "emerger", "to appear", "to fit", "to confess", "to disappear", "to emerge", "escoger", "lograr", "llenar", "ver", "to choose", "to achieve,", "to succeed in (+ infinitive)", "to fill", "to see"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "aparecer", "back": "to appear"}, {"front": "escoger", "back": "to choose"}, {"front": "caber", "back": "to fit"}, {"front": "lograr", "back": "to achieve,"}, {"front": "desaparecer", "back": "to disappear"}, {"front": "llenar", "back": "to fill"}, {"front": "emerger", "back": "to emerge"}, {"front": "ver", "back": "to see"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones verbales"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al escuchar", "dar consejos", "estar inquieto", "estar tranquilo", "parece", "sigue así", "upon listening, upon hearing", "to give advice", "to be nervous, fidgety", "to be calm", "it seems", "it continues in this way"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el apellido", "la cita", "el consultorio", "el horario", "la llamada", "la mayoría", "la moda", "el nombre", "el paciente", "el personaje", "el reloj", "el rincón", "la sala de espera", "la secretaria", "los seguros médicos", "the last name, the surname", "the appointment", "the doctor's office", "the schedule", "the phone call", "the majority", "the style, the fashion", "the name", "the patient", "the character", "the watch", "the corner", "the waiting room", "the secretary", "medical insurance"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 15, "cards": [{"front": "el apellido", "back": "the last name, the surname"}, {"front": "la cita", "back": "the appointment"}, {"front": "el consultorio", "back": "the doctor's office"}, {"front": "el horario", "back": "the schedule"}, {"front": "la llamada", "back": "the phone call"}, {"front": "la mayoría", "back": "the majority"}, {"front": "la moda", "back": "the style, the fashion"}, {"front": "el nombre", "back": "the name"}, {"front": "el paciente", "back": "the patient"}, {"front": "el personaje", "back": "the character"}, {"front": "el reloj", "back": "the watch"}, {"front": "el rincón", "back": "the corner"}, {"front": "la sala de espera", "back": "the waiting room"}, {"front": "la secretaria", "back": "the secretary"}, {"front": "los seguros médicos", "back": "medical insurance"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["común", "roto", "solo", "common", "broken", "alone"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "común", "back": "common"}, {"front": "solo", "back": "alone"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0100-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menudo", "al final", "frequently", "at the end."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "al final", "back": "at the end."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 100, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0101-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al principio", "antes de + infinitive", "como cualquier otra", "en seguida", "mientras tanto", "por fin", "por un rato", "at the beginning", "before (doing something)", "like any (whatever) other", "right away", "meanwhile", "at last", "for a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 101, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuál es el nombre del personaje principal?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es la sala de espera?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo están los pacientes?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué pasa a las dos y media?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Cómo puede ser la sala grande al principio del cuento y pequeña al final?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Si Isabel no tiene una cita con el doctor y si no está enferma, ¿por qué está ella en la oficina del doctor?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch8", "number": 8, "title": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Possessive adjectives in Spanish agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Possessive adjectives precede the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mi, mis my"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi hermana quiere ir a España.", "Mis amigos quieren ir a Portugal.", "My sister wants to go to Spain.", "My friends want to go to Portugal"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Mi hermana quiere ir a España.", "back": "My sister wants to go to Spain."}, {"front": "Mis amigos quieren ir a Portugal.", "back": "My friends want to go to Portugal"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tu, tus your (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu libro está en la mesa.", "Tus lápices están en la silla.", "Your book is on the table.", "Your pencils are on the chair"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Tu libro está en la mesa.", "back": "Your book is on the table."}, {"front": "Tus lápices están en la silla.", "back": "Your pencils are on the chair"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "su, sus your (Ud. form), his, her, their"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, there is only one form for the third-person possessive: the su and sus form. Su is used before a singular noun to show possession; sus is used with a plural noun. Because su / sus can be very ambiguous, the form that you have already learned and used—the noun + de + the pronoun—can be used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0102-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pedro y Linda están aquí.", "Necesito su carro.", "¿El carro de él o el carro de ella?", "Sus ideas son fantásticas.", "¿' Las ideas de quién?", "Las ideas de Uds.", "Ellos viven en las montañas.", "Su casa es grande.", "Peter and Linda are here.", "I need his/her/their car.", "His car or her car?", "Your/his/her/their ideas are", "fantastic.", "Whose ideas?", "Your ideas.", "They live in the mountains.", "Their house is big."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 102, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella escribe mucho.", "Sus artículos son interesantes.", "She writes a lot.", "Her articles are interesting"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella escribe mucho.", "back": "She writes a lot."}, {"front": "Sus artículos son interesantes.", "back": "Her articles are interesting"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nuestro tren viene.", "Nuestra fiesta va a ser fantástica.", "Nuestros libros son viejos.", "Nuestras computadoras son nuevas.", "Our train is coming", "Our party is going to be fantastic", "Our books are old.", "Our computers are new."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Nuestro tren viene.", "back": "Our train is coming"}, {"front": "Nuestra fiesta va a ser fantástica.", "back": "Our party is going to be fantastic"}, {"front": "Nuestros libros son viejos.", "back": "Our books are old."}, {"front": "Nuestras computadoras son nuevas.", "back": "Our computers are new."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like vosotros, this form is used only in Spain. It is explained here so that you will be aware of it, but when you need a word for your in Spanish, use su or sus."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0103-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestro amigo es de España.", "Vuestra casa está en Madrid.", "¿Son españoles vuestros maestros?", "Vuestras amigas son españolas.", "Your friend is from Spain.", "Your house is in Madrid.", "Are your teachers Spanish:", "Your friends are Spanish."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9803921568627451, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Vuestro amigo es de España.", "back": "Your friend is from Spain."}, {"front": "Vuestra casa está en Madrid.", "back": "Your house is in Madrid."}, {"front": "¿Son españoles vuestros maestros?", "back": "Are your teachers Spanish:"}, {"front": "Vuestras amigas son españolas.", "back": "Your friends are Spanish."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 103, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.1", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans1", "instruction": "Complete the sentences using mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus, nuestro, nuestros, nuestra, or nuestras.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Soy estudiante; ___________________ libros están en la mesa.", "2. Él es un profesor excelente; ___________________ ideas son interesantes.", "3. Ellos son abogados; ___________________ clientes pueden ser culpables o inocentes.", "4. Nuestro hermano es profesor; ___________________ padres enseñan también.", "5. Ella es mi abuela; ___________________ casa está en Florida.", "6. El cuñado de Cecilia es carpintero; ___________________ nombre es Manuel.", "7. Uds. son estudiantes; ___________________ libros son nuevos.", "8. Liliana está en Texas; ___________________ hermanas están en Arizona.", "9. Vivo con cuatro amigos y dos gatos; ___________________ casa es grande.", "10. Somos principiantes; ___________________ tarea no es fácil.", "11. Mis primos escriben libros; ___________________ trabajo es interesante.", "12. La hija de Beatriz es doctora; ___________________ hijo es arquitecto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.1 1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. nuestros 5. su 6. su 7. sus 8. sus 9. nuestra 10. nuestra 11. su 12. su", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. nuestros 5. su 6. su 7. sus 8. sus 9. nuestra 10. nuestra 11. su 12. su"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, there are three demonstrative adjectives; they agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0104-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "•", "Masculine", "Near the speaker", "this", "these", "Near the listener", "that", "those", "este", "estos", "ese", "esos", "Far from both speaker and listener", "that (over there)", "aquel", "those (over there)", "aquellos", "Feminine", "esta", "estas", "esa", "esas", "aquella", "aquellas"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 104, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0104-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Este periódico es interesante.", "Esta revista es interesante", "también.", "Estos hombres son fuertes.", "Estas mujeres son fuertes", "también.", "Ese piano es viejo.", "Esa guitarra es nueva.", "Esos libros son caros.", "Esas plumas son costosas.", "Aquel traje es feo.", "Aquella blusa es más bonita.", "Aquellos árboles son enormes.", "Aquellas casas son pequeñas.", "This newspaper is interesting.", "This magazine is interesting also.", "These men are strong.", "These women are strong also.", "That piano is old.", "That guitar is new.", "Those books are expensive.", "Those pens are costly.", "That suit (over there) is ugly.", "That blouse (over there) is prettier", "Those trees (over there) are", "enormous.", "Those houses (over there) are", "small"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 104, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Neuter Demonstrative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Neuter demonstrative pronouns refer to an object that is not known, a statement, or a general idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0105-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esto", "this", "eso", "that", "aquello", "that (farther away in place or time)", "¿ Qué es esto? ¿ Qué es eso?", "What is this? What is that:", "Aquello no es necesario.", "That is not necessary."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 105, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.2", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences using demonstrative adjectives.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ___________ revista que tú lees es interesante, pero ___________ artículo tiene más información. (this/that)", "2. ¿Piensa Ud. que ___________ camisas son hermosas, o prefiere Ud. ___________ camisas azules? (these/those)", "3. ¿En qué sitio prefieren Uds. comer, en ___________ restaurante o en ___________ cafetería? (that [over there] /that [over there])", "4. ___________ falda es bonita, pero voy a comprar ___________ pantalones porque son más cómodos. (this/those)", "5. ___________ mujeres corren en el maratón. (those [over there])", "6. ¿Por qué mira Ud. ___________ programas en televisión si son repeticiones? (those)", "7. ___________ mes va a ser maravilloso. (this)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Quién es", "ese", "hombre que está con Julia? (that)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Esta, ese", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estas, esas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "aquel, aquella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Esta, esos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Aquellas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "esos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Este", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.2 1. Esta, ese 2. estas, esas 3. aquel, aquella 4. Esta, esos 5. Aquellas 6. esos 7. Este", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Esta, ese", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estas, esas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "aquel, aquella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Esta, esos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Aquellas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "esos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Este", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Esta, ese 2. estas, esas 3. aquel, aquella 4. Esta, esos 5. Aquellas 6. esos 7. Este"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives of Nationality"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When an adjective of nationality ends in a consonant, -a is added to form the feminine."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0105-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["español", "el restaurante español", "la comida española", "Spanish", "the Spanish restaurant", "the Spanish meal"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "español", "back": "Spanish"}, {"front": "el restaurante español", "back": "the Spanish restaurant"}, {"front": "la comida española", "back": "the Spanish meal"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 105, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["inglés", "el hombre inglés", "la mujer inglesa", "francés", "el vino francés", "la cerveza francesa", "alemán", "el escritor alemán", "la escritora alemana", "japonés", "el muchacho japonés", "la muchacha japonesa", "holandés", "el niño holandés", "la niña holandesa", "English", "the English man", "the English woman", "French", "the French wine", "the French beer", "German", "the German writer (m.)", "the German writer (f.)", "Japanese", "the Japanese boy", "the Japanese girl", "Dutch", "the Dutch child (m.)", "the Dutch child (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all other cases, the adjectives of nationality will follow the rules you have already learned. Adjectives that end in -o change to -a when describing a feminine noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el hombre cubano", "la mujer cubana", "el muchacho chileno", "la muchacha chilena", "el niño norteamericano", "la niña norteamericana", "el amigo suizo", "la amiga suiza", "the Cuban man", "the Cuban woman", "the Chilean boy", "the Chilean girl", "the North American child (m.)", "the North American child (f.)", "the Swiss friend (m.)", "the Swiss friend (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "el hombre cubano", "back": "the Cuban man"}, {"front": "la mujer cubana", "back": "the Cuban woman"}, {"front": "el muchacho chileno", "back": "the Chilean boy"}, {"front": "la muchacha chilena", "back": "the Chilean girl"}, {"front": "el niño norteamericano", "back": "the North American child (m.)"}, {"front": "la niña norteamericana", "back": "the North American child (f.)"}, {"front": "el amigo suizo", "back": "the Swiss friend (m.)"}, {"front": "la amiga suiza", "back": "the Swiss friend (f.)"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjectives that end in vowels other than -o do not change."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0106-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el hombre canadiense", "la mujer canadiense", "el niño hindú", "la niña hindú", "el hombre israelí", "la mujer israelí", "the Canadian man", "the Canadian woman", "the Hindu child (m.)", "the Hindu child (f.)", "the Israeli man", "the Israeli woman"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "el hombre canadiense", "back": "the Canadian man"}, {"front": "la mujer canadiense", "back": "the Canadian woman"}, {"front": "el niño hindú", "back": "the Hindu child (m.)"}, {"front": "la niña hindú", "back": "the Hindu child (f.)"}, {"front": "el hombre israelí", "back": "the Israeli man"}, {"front": "la mujer israelí", "back": "the Israeli woman"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 106, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Country", "Alemania", "Arabia Saudita", "(la) Argentina", "Austria", "Bélgica", "Bolivia", "(el) Brasil", "(el) Canadá", "Chile", "China", "Colombia", "Corea", "Costa Rica", "Cuba", "Dinamarca", "(el) Ecuador", "Egipto", "Escocia", "España", "(los) Estados", "Unidos", "Finlandia", "Francia", "Grecia", "Guatemala", "Haití", "Holanda", "Honduras", "Hungría", "(la) India", "Inglaterra", "Irak/Iraq", "Irán", "Nationality", "alemán", "saudí/saudita", "argentino", "austriaco", "belga", "boliviano", "brasileño", "canadiense", "chileno", "chino", "colombiano", "coreano", "costarricense", "cubano", "danés", "ecuatoriano", "egipcio", "escocés", "español", "norteamericano/", "estadounidense", "finlandés", "francés", "griego", "guatemalteco", "haitiano", "holandés", "hondureño", "húngaro", "hindú", "inglés", "iraquí", "iraní", "Country", "Irlanda", "Israel", "Italia", "Jamaica", "Japón", "Marrueco", "México", "Nicaragua", "Noruega", "Nueva Zelanda", "Pakistán", "(el) Panamá", "(el) Paraguay", "(el) Perú", "Polonia", "Portugal", "Puerto Rico", "(la) República", "Dominicana", "Rusia", "El Salvador", "Siria", "Sudán", "Suecia", "(la) Suiza", "Tailandia", "Taiwán", "Turquía", "(el) Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Vietnám", "Yemen", "Nationality", "irlandés", "israelí", "italiano", "jamaiquino", "japonés", "marroquí", "mexicano", "nicaragüense", "noruego", "neocelandés", "pakistaní", "panameño", "paraguayo", "peruano", "polaco", "portugués", "puertorriqueñc", "dominicano", "ruso", "salvadoreño", "sirio", "sudanés", "sueco", "suizo", "tailandés", "taiwanés", "turco", "uruguayo", "venezolano", "vietnamita", "yemení"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 60, "cards": [{"front": "Country", "back": "Nationality"}, {"front": "Country", "back": "Nationality"}, {"front": "Alemania", "back": "alemán"}, {"front": "Irlanda", "back": "irlandés"}, {"front": "Arabia Saudita", "back": "saudí/saudita"}, {"front": "Israel", "back": "israelí"}, {"front": "(la) Argentina", "back": "argentino"}, {"front": "Italia", "back": "italiano"}, {"front": "Austria", "back": "austriaco"}, {"front": "Jamaica", "back": "jamaiquino"}, {"front": "Bolivia Bélgica", "back": "belga boliviano"}, {"front": "Japón Marrueco", "back": "japonés marroquí"}, {"front": "(el) Brasil", "back": "brasileño"}, {"front": "México", "back": "mexicano"}, {"front": "(el) Canadá", "back": "canadiense"}, {"front": "Nicaragua", "back": "nicaragüense"}, {"front": "Chile", "back": "chileno"}, {"front": "Noruega", "back": "noruego"}, {"front": "China", "back": "chino"}, {"front": "Nueva Zelanda", "back": "neocelandés"}, {"front": "Colombia", "back": "colombiano"}, {"front": "Pakistán", "back": "pakistaní"}, {"front": "Corea", "back": "coreano"}, {"front": "(el) Panamá", "back": "panameño"}, {"front": "Costa Rica", "back": "costarricense"}, {"front": "(el) Paraguay", "back": "paraguayo"}, {"front": "Cuba Dinamarca", "back": "danés cubano"}, {"front": "Polonia (el) Perú", "back": "polaco peruano"}, {"front": "(el) Ecuador", "back": "ecuatoriano"}, {"front": "Portugal", "back": "portugués"}, {"front": "Egipto", "back": "egipcio"}, {"front": "Puerto Rico", "back": "puertorriqueñc"}, {"front": "Escocia", "back": "escocés"}, {"front": "(la) República", "back": "dominicano"}, {"front": "(los) Estados", "back": "norteamericano/"}, {"front": "Rusia", "back": "ruso"}, {"front": "Unidos", "back": "estadounidense"}, {"front": "El Salvador", "back": "salvadoreño"}, {"front": "Finlandia", "back": "finlandés"}, {"front": "Siria", "back": "sirio"}, {"front": "Francia", "back": "francés"}, {"front": "Sudán", "back": "sudanés"}, {"front": "Grecia", "back": "griego"}, {"front": "Suecia", "back": "sueco"}, {"front": "Guatemala", "back": "guatemalteco"}, {"front": "(la) Suiza", "back": "suizo"}, {"front": "Haití", "back": "haitiano"}, {"front": "Tailandia", "back": "tailandés"}, {"front": "Holanda", "back": "holandés"}, {"front": "Taiwán", "back": "taiwanés"}, {"front": "Honduras", "back": "hondureño"}, {"front": "Turquía", "back": "turco"}, {"front": "Hungría", "back": "húngaro"}, {"front": "(el) Uruguay", "back": "uruguayo"}, {"front": "(la) India", "back": "hindú"}, {"front": "Venezuela", "back": "venezolano"}, {"front": "Inglaterra", "back": "inglés"}, {"front": "Vietnám", "back": "vietnamita"}, {"front": "Irak/Iraq", "back": "iraquí"}, {"front": "Yemen", "back": "yemení"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 107, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Continent", "África", "Antártica", "el Ártico", "Asia l", "africano", "antártico", "ártico", "asiático", "Continent", "Australia", "australiano", "Europa", "europeo", "Norteamérica", "norteamericanc", "Sudamérica", "sudamericano"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "África", "back": "africano"}, {"front": "Australia", "back": "australiano"}, {"front": "Antártica", "back": "antártico"}, {"front": "Europa", "back": "europeo"}, {"front": "Asia l", "back": "asiático"}, {"front": "Sudamérica", "back": "sudamericano"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 107, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjectives That Precede a Noun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Chapter 1, you learned that adjectives follow the nouns they describe. Now you will learn the few adjectives that precede the noun they modify. Remember that adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they describe."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Two frequently used adjectives, bueno and malo, drop the -o before a masculine singular noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bueno good", "Este niño es un buen estudiante.", "Su hermana es una buena", "estudiante.", "Ellos son buenos estudiantes.", "Ellos tienen buenas maestras.", "malo bad", "Ella tiene un mal perro.", "Su amiga tiene una mala idea.", "Ellas tienen tres malos gatos.", "Son malas situaciones.", "This child is a good student", "His sister is a good student.", "They are good students.", "They have good teachers.", "She has a bad dog.", "Her friend has a bad idea.", "They have three bad cats.", "They are bad situations."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Bueno and malo can follow the noun as well as precede it. The use is less frequent, though, and the description loses intensity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre bueno.", "The (fairly) good man"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El hombre bueno.", "back": "The (fairly) good man"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives That Express Quantity"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0108-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mucho a lot of, much, many", "Él no tiene mucho dinero.", "Tiene muchos amigos.", "Ellas preparan mucha comida", "para muchas personas.", "poco a little bit, a few, not much, not many", "Hay poco dinero en este banco", "y hay pocos clientes.", "Poca gente vive en esta calle y", "hay pocas casas.", "He doesn't have a lot of money.", "He has a lot of friends.", "They prepare a lot of food for", "a lot of people.", "There is not much money in", "this bank and not many clients.", "Not many people live on this", "street, and there are few houses"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 108, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bastante, suficiente enough", "Ellos ganan suficiente dinero", "y tienen bastante trabajo.", "ambos both", "España y Portugal son bellos.", "Los viajeros van a visitar", "ambos países.", "cada each", "Cada casa tiene dos baños.", "Cada apartamento tiene una", "cocina.", "They earn enough money and", "they have enough work.", "Spain and Portugal are beautiful.", "The travelers are going to visit", "both countries.", "Each house has two bathrooms.", "Each apartment has a kitchen.", "NOTE: Cada has the same form for both masculine and feminine.", "varios several", "Varios restaurantes sirven tacos.", "Varias tiendas venden burritos.", "Several restaurants serve tacos.", "Several stores sell burritos.", "alguno some", "Él va a volver algún día.", "He is going to return some day.", "¿ Hay alguna farmacia cerca?", "Is there some pharmacy nearby?", "Algunos pensamientos son buenos.", "Some thoughts are good.", "Algunas ideas son malas.", "Some ideas are bad.", "NOTE: Alguno drops the -o before a masculine noun.", "otro other, another", "Él quiere otro carto.", "He wants another car.", "Ella quiere otra casa.", "She wants another house.", "Él tiene otros problemas difíciles.", "He has other difficult problems.", "Ella va a comprar otras cosas.", "She is going to buy other things.", "NOTE: Un and una do not precede any form of otro and otra.", "todo all, every", "Ella lee todo el día.", "Todo el mundo está aquí.", "Leo toda la información.", "Él escribe todos los días.", "Ella hace todas las preguntas.", "She reads all day.", "Everyone (all the world) is here.", "I read all the information.", "He writes every day (all the days)", "She asks all the questions."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "ambos países. Los viajeros van a visitar España y Portugal son bellos.", "back": "both countries. / The travelers are going to visit Spain and Portugal are beautiful."}, {"front": "cocina.", "back": "Cada apartamento tiene una / Each apartment has a kitchen."}, {"front": "Varias tiendas venden burritos. Varios restaurantes sirven tacos.", "back": "Several stores sell burritos. / Several restaurants serve tacos."}, {"front": "Él va a volver algún día. Algunas ideas son malas. ¿ Hay alguna farmacia cerca? Algunos pensamientos son buenos.", "back": "Some ideas are bad. Some thoughts are good. / He is going to return some day. Is there some pharmacy nearby?"}, {"front": "Él quiere otro carto. Ella quiere otra casa.", "back": "Ella va a comprar otras cosas. Él tiene otros problemas difíciles. / He wants another car. She wants another house. He has other difficult problems. She is going to buy other things."}, {"front": "Ella lee todo el día. Leo toda la información. Él escribe todos los días. Todo el mundo está aquí. Ella hace todas las preguntas.", "back": "She reads all day. / I read all the information. She asks all the questions. Everyone (all the world) is here. He writes every day (all the days)"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 109, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives That Express Next, Only, and Last"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0110-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["próximo next", "Vamos a viajar el próximo año.", "La próxima lección es interesante.", "¿Qué va a pasar en los próximos", "años y en las próximas", "generaciones?", "único only", "Ricardo es el único mexicano aquí.", "Ella es la única española.", "último last, final", "El último mes del año es", "diciembre.", "Hoy es la última clase del", "semestre.", "We are going to travel next year.", "The next lesson is interesting.", "What is going to happen in the", "next years and in the next", "generations?", "Ricardo is the only Mexican here", "She is the only Spaniard.", "The last month of the year is", "December.", "Today is the last class of the", "semester"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 110, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives Whose Meaning Depends on Position"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some adjectives have different meanings depending on whether they precede or follow the noun they modify."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0110-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Preceding the Noun", "Following the Noun", "antiguo", "su antiguo novio", "her former boyfriend", "una civilización antigua", "an ancient civilization", "cierto", "cierto día a certain day", "una cosa cierta a sure thing", "grande", "el gran hombre the great man", "el hombre grande the big man", "la gran mujer the great woman", "la mujer grande the big woman", "NOTE: Grande shortens to gran before any singular noun.", "pobre", "el pobre niño", "el hombre pobre", "the poor, unfortunate little boy", "the poor man (without money,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 110, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0111-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mismo", "el mismo libro the same book", "la misma idea the same idea", "viejo", "los viejos amigos", "the longtime friends", "el profesor mismo", "the professor himself", "los amigos viejos", "the old friends (in years)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8611111111111112, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "el profesor mismo", "back": "the longtime friends"}, {"front": "los amigos viejos", "back": "the professor himself"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 111, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When mismo follows a noun or pronoun, it intensifies the word it describes. For example:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "esta casa misma this very house"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "yo mismo I myself"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el doctor mismo está enfermo the doctor himself is sick"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ahora mismo right now"}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.3", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by using the appropriate adjective of nationality.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Micaela es de España y habla español porque su padre es español; ella habla francés porque su madre es ____________________.", "2. Pensamos que la comida ____________________ es deliciosa. El sushi y el sashimi son platos típicos.", "3. Hay mucha arte en Guatemala. ¿Son artistas ____________________?", "4. Para entrar en los Estados Unidos, el ciudadano ____________________ tiene que cruzar la frontera entre el Canadá y los Estados Unidos.", "5. ____________________ tienen la reputación de ser poetas. La gente de Nicaragua trabaja duro y escribe poesía.", "6. Costa Rica es un país con muchos parques nacionales. ____________________ visitan los parques todo el año.", "7. Este hombre de India es ____________________. Su esposa es ____________________ también.", "8. Soy portuguesa. Mi hermano es ____________________ también."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "francesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "japonesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los guatemaltecos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "canadiense", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los nicaragüenses", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Los costarricenses", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hindú, hindú", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "portugués", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.3 1. francesa 2. japonesa 3. los guatemaltecos 4. canadiense 5. Los nicaragüenses 6. Los costarricenses 7. hindú, hindú 8. portugués", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "francesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "japonesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los guatemaltecos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "canadiense", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los nicaragüenses", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Los costarricenses", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hindú, hindú", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "portugués", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. francesa 2. japonesa 3. los guatemaltecos 4. canadiense 5. Los nicaragüenses 6. Los costarricenses 7. hindú, hindú 8. portugués"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.4", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences using the adjectives from the list below. Use each adjective only one time. Answers may vary.", "extra": ["alguno, ambos, bastante, bueno, cada, malo, mucho, otro, poco, próximo, suficiente, todo, último, único, varios"], "prompts": ["1. Carlos lee todo el día; quiere leer _____________ los libros de la biblioteca.", "2. Ella es la _____________ persona en la clase que no tiene una computadora.", "3. Es necesario tomar _____________ agua para estar bien.", "4. Hay dos películas que ella quiere comprar, pero no tiene _____________ dinero para comprar _____________ videos.", "5. El _____________ mes del año es diciembre.", "6. El pianista practica el piano dos horas _____________ día.", "7. Queremos ir a un _____________ restaurante para comer bien.", "8. No es una _____________ idea pasar el día en la playa.", "9. Hay _____________ revistas y _____________ periódicos en la librería.", "10. La librería tiene _____________ libros sobre la historia de los aztecas, pero tiene más libros sobre la historia de los incas.", "11. El _____________ tren sale a las nueve y veinte de la mañana.", "12. Loreta no está contenta porque el bus no viene y su carro viejo no es bueno. Ella quiere comprar _____________ carro nuevo.", "13. Hay _____________ palabras en este artículo que puedo entender."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "todos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "única", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "mucha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "bastante, ambos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "último", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "buen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "mala", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "algunas, algunos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pocos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "próximo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "otro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "varias", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.4 1. todos 2. única 3. mucha 4. bastante, ambos 5. último 6. cada 7. buen 8. mala 9. algunas, algunos 10. pocos 11. próximo 12. otro 13. varias", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "todos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "única", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "mucha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "bastante, ambos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "último", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "buen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "mala", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "algunas, algunos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pocos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "próximo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "otro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "varias", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. todos 2. única 3. mucha 4. bastante, ambos 5. último 6. cada 7. buen 8. mala 9. algunas, algunos 10. pocos 11. próximo 12. otro 13. varias"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.5", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans5", "instruction": "In each sentence, place one of the following adjectives either before or after the noun, according to the meaning of the sentence: antiguo, cierto, grande, pobre, mismo, viejo.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi amiga y yo asistimos a la _____________ clase _____________.", "2. Atenas y Roma son _____________ ciudades _____________.", "3. El _____________ hombre _____________ no tiene dinero.", "4. La _____________ niña _____________ está triste porque no tiene amigos.", "5. ¿Quién es una _____________ mujer _____________ de nuestra generación?", "6. Somos _____________ amigas _____________. Pasamos mucho tiempo juntas."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "misma clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "ciudades antiguas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hombre pobre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "pobre niña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "gran mujer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "viejas amigas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.5 1. misma clase 2. ciudades antiguas 3. hombre pobre 4. pobre niña 5. gran mujer 6. viejas amigas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "misma clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "ciudades antiguas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hombre pobre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "pobre niña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "gran mujer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "viejas amigas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. misma clase 2. ciudades antiguas 3. hombre pobre 4. pobre niña 5. gran mujer 6. viejas amigas"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The comparative structure expresses more than, less than, or the same as."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0113-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "More than", "más + adjetivo + que", "Julia es más fuerte que Juan.", "La revista es más interesante", "que el libro.", "•", "Less than", "menos + adjetivo + que", "El libro es menos interesante", "que la revista.", "Las camisas son menos caras", "que los vestidos.", "•", "The same as", "tan + adjetivo + como", "Estas tortas son tan dulces", "como esos pasteles.", "¿Es el perro tan inteligente", "como el gato?", "more + adjective + than", "Julia is stronger than John.", "The magazine is more interesting", "than the book.", "less + adjective + than", "The book is less interesting than", "the magazine.", "The shirts are less expensive than", "the dresses.", "as + adjective + as", "These cakes are as sweet as those", "pastries.", "Is the dog as intelligent as the cat!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "¿Es el perro tan inteligente", "back": "The same as"}, {"front": "como el gato?", "back": "tan + adjetivo + como"}, {"front": "more + adjective + than", "back": "Estas tortas son tan dulces"}, {"front": "Julia is stronger than John.", "back": "como esos pasteles."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 113, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Superlative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0114-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "The most/the least", "el (la) más + adjetivo + de", "(the) most + adjective + of", "el (la) menos + adjetivo + de (the) least + adjective + of", "NOTE: In the superlative structure, Spanish de can be translated as in", "¿Quién es la persona más", "fuerte de su familia?", "Who is the strongest person in your", "family?", "¿ Cuál es la clase menos", "Which is the least interesting class", "interesante de la escuela?", "in the school?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 114, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0114-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bueno", "mejor", "el mejor, la mejor", "los mejores, las mejores", "Esta torta es buena.", "El pastel que Ud. tiene es mejor:", "Estos postres son los mejores", "de todos.", "good", "better", "the best (sing.)", "the best (pl.)", "This cake is good.", "The pastry that you have is better.", "These desserts are the best of all.", "malo", "peor", "el peor, la peor", "los peores, las peores", "Él es malo.", "Ella es peor.", "Ella es la peor de su escuela.", "bad", "worse", "the worst (sing.)", "the worst (pl.)", "He is bad.", "She is worse.", "She is the worst in her school.", "joven", "young", "menor", "Younger", "el menor, la menor", "the youngest (sing.)", "los menores, las menores the youngest (pl.)", "NOTE: Menor refers only to people: mi hermano menor. If you want", "to compare trees, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos árboles son menos viejos que aquellos árboles.", "El niño es joven.", "The child is young.", "Su hermano es menor.", "His brother is younger."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "el peor, la peor", "back": "the best (sing.)"}, {"front": "los peores, las peores", "back": "the best (pl.)"}, {"front": "Él es malo.", "back": "This cake is good."}, {"front": "Ella es peor.", "back": "The pastry that you have is better."}, {"front": "Ella es la peor de su escuela.", "back": "These desserts are the best of all."}, {"front": "bad", "back": "malo"}, {"front": "worse", "back": "peor"}, {"front": "el menor, la menor", "back": "the youngest (sing.)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 114, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Su hermana es la menor de", "su familia.", "His sister is the youngest in their", "family.", "viejo", "old", "mayor", "older", "el mayor, la mayor", "the oldest (sing.)", "los mayores, las mayores", "the oldest (pl.)", "NOTE: Mayor refers only to people: mi hermana mayor. If you want to", "compare buildings, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos edificios son más viejos que aquellos edificios.", "Ella es vieja.", "She is old.", "Su madre es mayor:", "Her mother is older.", "Su abuela es la mayor de todas.", "Her grandmother is the oldest", "of all."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9772727272727273, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "el mayor, la mayor", "back": "the oldest (sing.)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparing Nouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["más + nombre + que", "menos + nombre + que", "Tengo más lápices que María.", "Ella tiene menos libros que yo.", "• tanto + nombre + como", "more + noun + than", "less + noun + than", "I have more pencils than Maria.", "She has fewer books than I.", "as much + noun + as", "as many + noun + as", "NOTE: Tanto is an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies.", "Él corre tantos metros como", "He runs as many meters as his", "su hijo.", "son.", "Ella trabaja tantas horas como Ud.", "She works as many hours as you.", "José tiene tanta música como Sara.", "Joe has as much music as Sarah.", "Él tiene tanto pelo como su tío.", "He has as much hair as his uncle"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Comparing Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0115-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["más que", "menos que", "tanto como", "Yo estudio más que tú.", "Tú lees menos que yo.", "Ella aprende tanto como él.", "more than", "less than", "as much as", "I study more than you.", "You read less than I.", "She learns as much as he"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9404761904761905, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 115, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.6", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Esta película es buena; es _______________ de todas. (the best)", "2. Su carro es caro, pero no es _______________ como mi carro. (as expensive)", "3. El apartamento de María es _______________ del edificio. (the biggest)", "4. Nuestra clase de matemáticas es _______________ que la clase de historia. (more interesting)", "5. Uds. tienen _______________ exámenes como nosotros. (as many)", "6. Su casa es _______________ que mi apartamento. (smaller)", "7. Ella es _______________ que él, pero él no es el estudiante _______________ de la clase. (taller/tallest)", "8. Estas películas son _______________ que los programas de televisión. (more exciting)", "9. Mi hermana _______________ está _______________ que mi hermano _______________. (younger/happier/older)", "10. Las calles son _______________ que las avenidas. (less wide)", "11. ¿Piensa Ud. que los caballos son _______________ como los perros? (as intelligent)", "12. Esa casa roja es _______________ que la casa amarilla. (older)", "13. Yo leo _______________ tú. (more than)", "14. Él sabe _______________ nosotros. (less than)", "15. Ellos viven en el sitio _______________ del país. (most beautiful)", "16. Este restaurante sirve _______________ comida de la ciudad. (the best)", "17. Pienso que Mónica es _______________ que Martina. (older)", "18. Anita tiene dos años. Ella es _______________ de su familia. (the youngest)", "19. La comida hindú es _______________ que la comida china. (spicier)", "20. El baño está _______________ que el comedor. (cleaner)", "21. Somos _______________ que nuestros vecinos. (more affectionate)", "22. ¿Quién es _______________ político de los Estados Unidos? ¿Quién es _______________? (the best/the worst)", "23. Isabel piensa que el sol es _______________ que la luna. Ramón piensa que la luna es _______________. (more important)", "24. Estoy _______________ que ellos. (sadder)", "25. Los padres están _______________ que sus hijos. (more tired)", "26. Ella tiene _______________ energía como sus estudiantes. (as much)", "27. Las muchachas juegan _______________ deportes como los muchachos. (as many)", "28. Ellas cantan _______________ que sus hermanos. (better)", "29. Vendo _______________ cigarrillos que compro. (less)", "30. Ellos ganan _______________ dinero que Pedro. (more)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tan caro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el más grande", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "más interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "más pequeña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "más alta, más alto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "más emocionantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "menor, más contenta, mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "menos anchas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tan inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "más vieja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "más que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "menos que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "más bello", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "la menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "más picante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "más limpio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "más cariñosos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "el mejor, el peor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "más importante, más importante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "más triste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "más cansados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "tanta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "menos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "más", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.6 1. la mejor 2. tan caro 3. el más grande 4. más interesante 5. tantos 6. más pequeña 7. más alta, más alto 8. más emocionantes 9. menor, más contenta, mayor 10. menos anchas 11. tan inteligentes 12. más vieja 13. más que 14. menos que 15. más bello 16. la mejor 17. mayor 18. la menor 19. más picante 20. más limpio 21. más cariñosos 22. el mejor, el peor 23. más importante, más importante 24. más triste 25. más cansados 26. tanta 27. tantos 28. mejor 29. menos 30. más", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tan caro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el más grande", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "más interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "más pequeña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "más alta, más alto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "más emocionantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "menor, más contenta, mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "menos anchas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tan inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "más vieja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "más que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "menos que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "más bello", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "la menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "más picante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "más limpio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "más cariñosos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "el mejor, el peor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "más importante, más importante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "más triste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "más cansados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "tanta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "tantos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "menos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "más", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la mejor 2. tan caro 3. el más grande 4. más interesante 5. tantos 6. más pequeña 7. más alta, más alto 8. más emocionantes 9. menor, más contenta, mayor 10. menos anchas 11. tan inteligentes 12. más vieja 13. más que 14. menos que 15. más bello 16. la mejor 17. mayor 18. la menor 19. más picante 20. más limpio 21. más cariñosos 22. el mejor, el peor 23. más importante, más importante 24. más triste 25. más cansados 26. tanta 27. tantos 28. mejor 29. menos 30. más"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbs describe verbs or adjectives. In Spanish, adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the feminine form of the adjective. The suffix -mente corresponds to the English suffix -ly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To change the adjective perfecto to an adverb, use the feminine form perfecta and add -mente. The result is the adverb perfectamente."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adjective", "claro", "rápido", "lento", "franco", "honesto", "íntimo", "último", "clear", "rapid", "slow", "frank", "honest", "intimate", "Last", "Adverb", "claramente", "rápidamente", "lentamente", "francamente", "honestamente", "íntimamente", "últimamente", "clearly", "rapidly", "slowly", "frankly", "honestly", "intimatelı", "lastly"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "claro", "back": "clear"}, {"front": "claramente", "back": "clearly"}, {"front": "rápido", "back": "rapid"}, {"front": "rápidamente", "back": "rapidly"}, {"front": "lento", "back": "slow"}, {"front": "lentamente", "back": "slowly"}, {"front": "franco", "back": "frank"}, {"front": "francamente", "back": "frankly"}, {"front": "honesto", "back": "honest"}, {"front": "honestamente", "back": "honestly"}, {"front": "íntimo", "back": "intimate"}, {"front": "íntimamente", "back": "intimatelı"}, {"front": "último", "back": "Last"}, {"front": "últimamente", "back": "lastly"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 117, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If an adjective does not end in -o, it has only one form for both masculine and feminine. To form an adverb from these adjectives, simply add -mente to the adjective."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adjective", "alegre", "feliz.", "triste", "fácil", "frecuente", "happy", "happy", "sad", "easy", "frequent", "Adverb", "alegremente", "felizmente", "tristemente", "fácilmente", "frecuentemente", "happily", "happily", "sadly", "easily", "frequenth"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "alegre", "back": "happy"}, {"front": "alegremente", "back": "happily"}, {"front": "feliz.", "back": "happy"}, {"front": "felizmente", "back": "happily"}, {"front": "triste", "back": "sad"}, {"front": "tristemente", "back": "sadly"}, {"front": "fácil", "back": "easy"}, {"front": "fácilmente", "back": "easily"}, {"front": "frecuente", "back": "frequent"}, {"front": "frecuentemente", "back": "frequenth"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 118, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there are two adverbs in a series, only the final one will add -mente. The first one in the series takes the feminine form of the adjective."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0118-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él camina frecuente y alegremente.", "Él corre lenta y tristemente.", "Hablo clara y concisamente.", "Ella vive tranquila y libremente.", "He walks frequently and happily", "He runs slowly and sadly.", "I speak clearly and concisely.", "She lives calmly and freely."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Él camina frecuente y alegremente.", "back": "He walks frequently and happily"}, {"front": "Él corre lenta y tristemente.", "back": "He runs slowly and sadly."}, {"front": "Hablo clara y concisamente.", "back": "I speak clearly and concisely."}, {"front": "Ella vive tranquila y libremente.", "back": "She lives calmly and freely."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 118, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.7", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans7", "instruction": "Change the following adjectives to their corresponding adverbial form.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. sincero (sincere)", "2. loco (crazy)", "3. total (total)", "4. verdadero (true)", "5. inocente (innocent)", "6. cariñoso (affectionate)", "7. completo (complete)", "8. normal (normal)"], "ocrLines": ["1. sincero (sincere)", "2. loco (crazy)", "3. total (total)", "4. verdadero (true)", "5. inocente (innocent)", "6. cariñoso (affectionate)", "7. completo (complete)", "8. normal (normal)", "(sincerely)", "(crazily)", "(totally)", "(truly)", "(innocently)", "(affectionately)", "(completely)", "(normally)", "bueno", "el mejor, la mejor", "los mejores, las mejores", "Esta torta es buena.", "good", "better", "the best (sing.)", "the best (pl.)", "This cake is good.", "The pastry that you have is better.", "These desserts are the best of all.", "de todos.", "malo", "peor", "el peor, la peor", "los peores, las peores", "Él es malo.", "Ella es peor.", "Ella es la peor de su escuela.", "bad", "worse", "the worst (sing.)", "the worst (pl.)", "He is bad.", "She is worse.", "She is the worst in her school.", "joven", "young", "menor", "younger", "el menor, la menor", "the youngest (sing.)", "los menores, las menores", "the youngest (pl.)", "NOTE: Menor refers only to people: mi hermano menor. If you want", "to compare trees, for example, just use the regular comparative struc-", "ture: Estos árboles son menos viejos que aquellos árboles.", "El niño es joven.", "The child is young.", "Su hermano es menor.", "His brother is younger."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sinceramente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "locamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "totalmente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "verdaderamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "inocentemente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "completamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "normalmente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.7 1. sinceramente 2. locamente 3. totalmente 4. verdaderamente 5. inocentemente 6. cariñosamente 7. completamente 8. normalmente", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sinceramente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "locamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "totalmente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "verdaderamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "inocentemente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "completamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "normalmente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sinceramente 2. locamente 3. totalmente 4. verdaderamente 5. inocentemente 6. cariñosamente 7. completamente 8. normalmente"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adverbs That Do Not Take the Suffix -mente"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Quantity"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mucho", "tanto", "poco", "casi", "a lot", "so much", "a little bit", "almost", "más", "menos", "demasiado", "more", "less", "too much"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "mucho", "back": "a lot"}, {"front": "más", "back": "more"}, {"front": "tanto", "back": "so much"}, {"front": "menos", "back": "less"}, {"front": "poco", "back": "a little bit"}, {"front": "demasiado", "back": "too much"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs That Tell How Something Is Done"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bien", "mal", "well", "badly", "mejor", "peor", "better", "worse"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "bien", "back": "well / better"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Time and Place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a veces", "sometimes", "ahora", "now", "ahora mismo", "right now", "siempre", "always", "todavía", "still, yet; no, not yet", "cerca", "en lo alto", "lejos", "adelante", "al fondo", "ya", "already", "ya no", "no longer", "atrás", "temprano", "early", "arriba", "tarde", "late", "abajo", "aquí, allí", "here, there", "adentro", "acá, allá", "here, there", "afuera", "NOTE: Acá and allá are usually used with verbs of motion.", "nearby", "up, up there", "far off", "in front", "in back,", "at the bottom", "in back", "up, upstairs", "down, downstairs", "inside", "outside"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 20, "cards": [{"front": "a veces", "back": "sometimes"}, {"front": "cerca", "back": "nearby"}, {"front": "ahora", "back": "now"}, {"front": "en lo alto", "back": "up, up there"}, {"front": "ahora mismo", "back": "right now"}, {"front": "lejos", "back": "far off"}, {"front": "siempre", "back": "always"}, {"front": "adelante", "back": "in front"}, {"front": "todavía", "back": "still, yet; no, not yet"}, {"front": "al fondo", "back": "in back,"}, {"front": "ya no", "back": "no longer"}, {"front": "atrás", "back": "in back"}, {"front": "temprano", "back": "early"}, {"front": "arriba", "back": "up, upstairs"}, {"front": "tarde", "back": "late"}, {"front": "abajo", "back": "down, downstairs"}, {"front": "aquí, allí", "back": "here, there"}, {"front": "adentro", "back": "inside"}, {"front": "acá, allá", "back": "here, there"}, {"front": "afuera", "back": "outside"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Direction"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0119-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "derecho, recto", "Ya sé que ella está aquí.", "Él siempre hace bien su tarea.", "Los niños cocinan poco.", "¿Por qué no vienes acá?", "María llega temprano.", "Su amiga llega tarde.", "A la derecha, hay una iglesia.", "A la izquierda, hay un banco.", "to the right", "to the left", "straight ahead", "I already know that she is here.", "He always does his homework well", "The children cook a little bit.", "Why don't you come here?", "María arrives early.", "Her friend arrives late.", "To the right, there is a church.", "To the left, there is a bank."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9893617021276596, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 119, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.8", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the adverb in parentheses.", "extra": ["Some adverbs can be replaced by con or sin + the corresponding noun. The most common such adverbs are the following."], "prompts": ["1. Llego al trabajo a las siete de la mañana; _______________ llego _______________. (always/early)", "2. Para hablar _______________ el español, tengo que pronunciar _______________. (well/clearly)", "3. ¿Corre ella _______________? (slowly)", "4. Todo el mundo quiere vivir _______________. (happily)", "5. Simón y Teresa viajan cada mes. Viajan _______________. (frequently)", "6. ¿Puede Ud. comer después de su operación? _______________. (not yet)", "7. ¿Necesita Ud. ayuda con sus problemas? _______________. (no longer)", "8. ¿Dónde están los niños? ¿Están _______________ o _______________? (upstairs/downstairs)", "9. El hombre camina _______________ y _______________. (quickly/happily)", "10. La muchacha _______________ firma sus cartas _______________. (always/affectionately)", "11. Los adolescentes comen _______________. (a lot)", "12. _______________, hay un río. (straight ahead)", "13. ¿A que hora llegamos _______________? (there)", "14. Hablo _______________ y _______________. (honestly/sincerely)"], "ocrLines": ["con cuidado", "sin cuidado", "con cariño", "con dificultad", "sin dificultad", "con inteligencia", "with care (instead of carefully)", "without care (instead of carelessly)", "with affection (instead of affectionately)", "with difficulty", "without difficulty", "with intelligence (instead of intelligently)", "más que", "menos que", "tanto como", "Yo estudio más que tú.", "Tú lees menos que yo.", "Ella aprende tanto como él.", "more than", "less than", "as much as", "I study more than you.", "You read less than I.", "She learns as much as he.", "• Exercise 8.6", "Complete the following sentences, using the words in parentheses.", "1. Esta película es buena; es", "_ de todas. (the best)", "2. Su carro es caro, pero no es _", "como mi carro. (as", "expensive)", "3. El apartamento de María es _", "del edificio. (the", "biggest)", "4. Nuestra clase de matemáticas es", "_ que la clase de", "historia. (more interesting)", "5. Uds. tienen", "6. Su casa es", "7. Ella es", "exámenes como nosotros. (as many)", "_ que mi apartamento. (smaller)", "_ que él, pero él no es el estudiante", "de la clase. (taller/tallest)", "_ que los programas de televisión.", "8. Estas películas son", "(more exciting)", "9. Mi hermana", "hermano", "10. Las calles son", "11. ¿Piensa Ud. que los caballos son", "(as intelligent)", "12. Esa casa roja es", "13. Yo leo", "14. Él sabe", "está", "que mi", "_ (younger/happier/older)", "que las avenidas. (less wide)", "como los perros?", "_ que la casa amarilla. (older)", "_tú. (more than)", "_ nosotros. (less than)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "siempre, temprano", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "bien, claramente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "lentamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "felizmente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "frecuentemente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Todavía no", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Ya no", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "arriba, abajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "rápida, alegremente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "siempre, cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Derecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "allá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "honesta, sinceramente", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.8 1. siempre, temprano 2. bien, claramente 3. lentamente 4. felizmente 5. frecuentemente 6. Todavía no 7. Ya no 8. arriba, abajo 9. rápida, alegremente 10. siempre, cariñosamente 11. mucho 12. Derecho 13. allá 14. honesta, sinceramente", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "siempre, temprano", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "bien, claramente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "lentamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "felizmente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "frecuentemente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Todavía no", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Ya no", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "arriba, abajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "rápida, alegremente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "siempre, cariñosamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Derecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "allá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "honesta, sinceramente", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. siempre, temprano 2. bien, claramente 3. lentamente 4. felizmente 5. frecuentemente 6. Todavía no 7. Ya no 8. arriba, abajo 9. rápida, alegremente 10. siempre, cariñosamente 11. mucho 12. Derecho 13. allá 14. honesta, sinceramente"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.9", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans9", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. My younger brother is ten years old.", "2. He understands this chapter, but he doesn’t want to learn all the words.", "3. I know why his sister wants to go to Spain. Her relatives are there.", "4. Every year at Thanksgiving, we cook too much.", "5. Juan always loses his gloves.", "6. His grandmother is older than his grandfather.", "7. The last month of the year is December; the first month is January.", "8. We have a good class; we learn a lot.", "9. Your book has just arrived.", "10. I know that my cat is smarter than your dog.", "11. These trees are older than those trees over there.", "12. We listen to the same sad songs every day.", "13. Do you think that the president of the United States is a great man?", "14. Are you coming to our party on Friday? It begins at nine o’clock at night.", "15. Carolina is as tall as Enrique; her sister is the tallest of all.", "16. This book is the most interesting book in the library.", "17. Which is the most dangerous animal in the world?", "18. I am the only person in the family who knows how to play tennis. Sometimes I win; sometimes I lose."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mi hermano menor tiene diez años", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Juan siempre pierde sus guantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Su libro acaba de llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.9 1. Mi hermano menor tiene diez años. 2. Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras. 3. Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí. 4. Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado. 5. Juan siempre pierde sus guantes. 6. Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo. 7. El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero. 8. Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho. 9. Su libro acaba de llegar. 10. Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro. 11. Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles. 12. Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días. 13. Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre? 14. ¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche. 15. Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos. 16. Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca. 17. ¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo? 18. Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mi hermano menor tiene diez años", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Juan siempre pierde sus guantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Su libro acaba de llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mi hermano menor tiene diez años. 2. Él entiende este capítulo, pero no quiere aprender todas las palabras. 3. Yo sé porque su hermana quiere ir a España. Sus parientes están allí. 4. Cada año, el día de acción de gracias, cocinamos demasiado. 5. Juan siempre pierde sus guantes. 6. Su abuela es mayor que su abuelo. 7. El último mes del año es diciembre; el primer mes es enero. 8. Tenemos una buena clase; aprendemos mucho. 9. Su libro acaba de llegar. 10. Yo sé que mi gato es más inteligente que su perro. 11. Estos árboles son más viejos que aquellos árboles. 12. Escuchamos las mismas canciones tristes todos los días. 13. Piensas que el presidente de los Estados Unidos es un gran hombre? 14. ¿Viene Ud. a nuestra fiesta el viernes? Empieza a las nueve de la noche. 15. Carolina es tan alta como Enrique; su hermana es la más alta de todos. 16. Este libro es el libro más interesante de la biblioteca. 17. ¿Cuál es el animal más peligroso del mundo? 18. Soy la única persona de la familia que sabe jugar al tenis. A veces, yo gano; a veces, pierdo."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "8.10", "ansAnchor": "ch8ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El señor Gómez hace su trabajo con dificultad.", "2. Ella habla sinceramente, y su amigo responde humildemente.", "3. Esta mujer siempre explica todo claramente.", "4. Francamente, no quiero salir esta noche. Prefiero leer y escribir tranquilamente.", "5. Bernardo va siempre al mismo restaurante. Él piensa que es el mejor restaurante de la ciudad."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "This woman always explains everything clearly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "8.10 1. Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty. 2. She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility). 3. This woman always explains everything clearly. 4. Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly. 5. Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "This woman always explains everything clearly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mr. Gomez does his work with difficulty. 2. She speaks sincerely and her friend answers humbly (with humility). 3. This woman always explains everything clearly. 4. Frankly, I don’t want to go out tonight. I prefer to read and to write calmly. 5. Bernard always goes to the same restaurant. He thinks that it is the best restaurant in the city."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La fiesta"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta noche hay una fiesta en la casa de una conocida. Tengo la invitación encima del piano que ya no toco. No sé si quiero ir. La fiesta empieza a las ocho. Pienso que los invitados van a llegar a las nueve. (No sé porque las invitaciones siempre llevan la hora equivocada. Si ella sabe que vamos a llegar después de las nueve, ¿por qué escribe que empieza a las ocho?)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Cómo imagino la fiesta? Primero hay música. Con mucho cuidado, los anfitriones ponen música alegre. La casa está limpia y hay entremeses y bocadillos en la mesa. Hay mucho que beber también: vino y cerveza, vodka y tequila. Hay soda y gaseosa, agua mineral y jugo para la gente que no quiere tomar alcohol. Después de mucha preparación, todo está listo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Al entrar, los invitados sonríen y ponen las botellas de vino que llevan consigo en la mesa. La gente empieza a hablar, un poquito al principio, y mientras que toman, hablan más y más y en voz más y más alta. Ponen la música en alto volumen y algunas parejas empiezan a bailar. Las personas que saben la letra de las canciones cantan. Todo el mundo está muy alegre. Pasan unas horas y la anfitriona va a la cocina. Apagan las luces; ella vuelve con una torta de chocolate con velas y todos los amigos cantan ‘Cumpleaños Feliz’."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Voy a mi alcoba a mirar mi vestuario. Mi cuarto es muy tranquilo, con una brisa que viene del mar. Las paredes son de un color azul celeste que produce calma. El ambiente es relajante, un ambiente de quietud. Es una habitación cómoda donde descanso, leo y miro la televisión todas las noches. Son las ocho ya. Va a empezar mi programa favorito en media hora."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0123-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apagar", "al entrar", "to turn off", "upon entering", "imaginar", "sonreír", "to imagine", "to smile"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "apagar", "back": "to turn off / imaginar"}, {"front": "upon entering", "back": "sonreír / to smile"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 123, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ambiente", "el anfitrión/", "la anfitriona", "el bocadillo", "la botella", "the atmosphere", "the host/", "the hostess", "the snack", "the bottle", "la brisa", "la conocida", "el entremés", "el invitado", "la letra", "the breeze", "the acquaintance", "the appetizer", "the guest", "the words (of a song)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "el ambiente", "back": "the atmosphere"}, {"front": "la brisa", "back": "the breeze"}, {"front": "el anfitrión/", "back": "the host/"}, {"front": "la conocida", "back": "the acquaintance"}, {"front": "la anfitriona", "back": "the hostess"}, {"front": "el entremés", "back": "the appetizer"}, {"front": "el bocadillo", "back": "the snack"}, {"front": "el invitado", "back": "the guest"}, {"front": "la botella", "back": "the bottle"}, {"front": "la letra", "back": "the words (of a song)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 123, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la pareja", "la soda, la gaseosa", "the couple", "the soda", "the candle", "el vestuario", "the closet,", "the wardrobe"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "la pareja", "back": "the couple el vestuario the closet,"}, {"front": "the soda", "back": "the wardrobe"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preposiciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acerca de", "encima de", "about", "on top of"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "acerca de", "back": "about"}, {"front": "encima de", "back": "on top of"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0124-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la hora equivocada", "consigo", "en alto volumen", "the wrong hour", "with themselves", "loudly"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9567567979967272, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "la hora equivocada", "back": "the wrong hour"}, {"front": "en alto volumen", "back": "loudly"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 124, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A qué hora empieza la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Isabel acerca de la fiesta después de recibir la invitación?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Toca ella su piano?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Dónde tiene lugar la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué hace la gente en la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que ella va a ir a la fiesta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch9", "number": 9, "title": "Negatives and Prepositions", "part": 1, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negatives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You already know how to make a sentence negative by placing no directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo canto.", "Yo no canto.", "Yo no quiero cantar.", "I sing.", "I don't sing.", "I don't want to sing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Yo canto.", "back": "I sing."}, {"front": "Yo no quiero cantar.", "back": "I don't want to sing"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following list of negative words adds to this base."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["nada", "nadie", "nunca", "jamás", "ninguno", "nothing", "no one", "never", "never", "not one"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "nada", "back": "nothing"}, {"front": "nadie", "back": "no one"}, {"front": "nunca", "back": "never"}, {"front": "jamás", "back": "never"}, {"front": "ninguno", "back": "not one"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Learn the affirmative words also."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["algo", "alguien", "a veces, algunas veces", "siempre", "alguno", "something", "somerne", "sometimes", "always", "some"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nada nothing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form a negative sentence, no precedes the first verb and nada follows it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0125-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tengo nada en mi bolsa.", "Ella no entiende nada.", "I have nothing in my bag.", "She doesn't understand anything"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9622222052680122, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "No tengo nada en mi bolsa.", "back": "I have nothing in my bag."}, {"front": "Ella no entiende nada.", "back": "She doesn't understand anything"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 125, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Tienen Uds. algo para ella?", "Do you have something for her?", "No, no tenemos nada.", "No, we have nothing.", "If you have two verbs in the sentence, no precedes the first verb and", "nada follows the second verb.", "Ella no quiere hacer nada.", "No vamos a escribir nada.", "She doesn't want to do anything.", "We are not going to write anything."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Tienen Uds. algo para ella?", "back": "Do you have something for her?"}, {"front": "No, no tenemos nada.", "back": "No, we have nothing."}, {"front": "Ella no quiere hacer nada.", "back": "She doesn't want to do anything."}, {"front": "No vamos a escribir nada.", "back": "We are not going to write anything."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Negatives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that Spanish, unlike English, uses a double negative. In fact, a Spanish sentence can include three or four negatives. The more negatives you use, the more negative the sentence becomes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Algo can sometimes be used as an adverb to mean somewhat.", "El libro es algo interesante.", "The book is somewhat interesting", "Nada can be used as an adverb to mean not at all.", "El libro no es nada interesante.", "The book is not interesting at all."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El libro es algo interesante.", "back": "The book is somewhat interesting"}, {"front": "El libro no es nada interesante.", "back": "The book is not interesting at all."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nadie no one"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and nadie follows it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Hay alguien aquí?", "No, no hay nadie.", "No viene nadie a mi fiesta.", "Is there someone here?", "No, there is no one.", "No one is coming to my party.", "Nadie can also be placed directly before the first verb. In this case, no is", "not used.", "Nadie quiere cocinar esta noche.", "Nadie sabe donde está el tren.", "No one wants to cook tonight.", "No one knows where the train is."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nunca, jamás never"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and nunca or jamás follows it. Both nunca and jamás mean never."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0126-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella no habla nunca; es muy", "tímida.", "Él no baila jamás.", "She never talks; she is very shy", "He never dances."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella no habla nunca; es muy", "back": "She never talks; she is very shy"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 126, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nunca and jamás can also be placed directly before the first verb with no change in the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0127-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño nunca practica el piano.", "Jamás bebo café con azúcar.", "The boy never practices the", "piano.", "I never drink coffee with sugar"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El niño nunca practica el piano.", "back": "The boy never practices the"}, {"front": "Jamás bebo café con azúcar.", "back": "I never drink coffee with sugar"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 127, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ninguno not one, no"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No precedes the verb and ninguno follows it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ninguno is the only negative expression in the list above that is an adjective. This means that it must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. Ninguno shortens to ningún before a masculine singular noun. Ninguno is not used in the plural unless the noun it modifies is always used in the plural, such as vacaciones."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0127-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hay ningún hotel en esta", "There is no hotel in this city.", "ciudad.", "No tenemos ninguna idea.", "We have no (not one) idea.", "No tenemos ningunas vacaciones", "We don't have any vacation", "en agosto.", "in August.", "Ninguno may also precede the noun. In this case, no is not used.", "Ningún muchacho va a la playa.", "Not one boy is going to the beach", "Ninguna persona llega tarde", "Not one person arrives late for", "para la clase.", "the class."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 127, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.1", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans1", "instruction": "Answer the following questions in the negative.", "extra": ["In Spanish, unlike English, the more negatives you use, the more negative the sentence becomes."], "prompts": ["1. ¿Aprenden Uds. algo en México? No, ___________________", "2. ¿Cuántas personas van a su fiesta? ___________________", "3. ¿Escuchas siempre las noticias? No, ___________________", "4. ¿Tienen ellos muchos enemigos? No, ___________________", "5. ¿Hay un hospital aquí? No, ___________________", "6. ¿Vas a viajar? No, ___________________", "7. ¿Es la película algo cómica? No, ___________________", "8. ¿Bailas a veces? No, ___________________"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Entiende ella todo? No,", "ella no entiende nada.", "More Negative Expressions", "no... ni... ni... neither... nor...", "Él no fuma ni cigarrillos ni", "cigarros.", "Ella no compra ni revistas ni", "periódicos.", "no más que not more than (with numbers)", "Él no tiene más que cien", "dólares en el banco.", "He smokes neither cigarettes nor", "cigars.", "She buys neither magazines nor", "newspapers.", "He doesn't have more than one", "hundred dollars in the bank.", "NOTE: In an affirmative sentence, más de is used.", "Él tiene más de cien dólares", "He has more than 100 dollars", "en el banco.", "in the bank.", "tampoco neither, either", "Ella nunca va al cine.", "Yo no voy tampoco.", "ni... tampoco not ... either", "Él no entiende la lección.", "Ni yo tampoco", "She never goes to the movies.", "I don't go either.", "He doesn't understand the lesson", "Neither do I.", "4. Francamente, no quiero salir esta noche. Prefiero leer y escribir", "tranquilamente.", "5. Bernardo va siempre al mismo restaurante. Él piensa que es el mejor", "restaurante de la ciudad.", "Reading Comprehension", "Esta noche hay una fiesta en la casa de una conocida. Tengo la invitación", "encima del piano que ya no toco. No sé si quiero ir. La fiesta empieza a las", "ocho. Pienso que los invitados van a llegar a las nueve. (No sé porque las", "invitaciones siempre llevan la hora equivocada. Si ella sabe que vamos a", "llegar después de las nueve, ¿por qué escribe que empieza a las ocho?)", "¿Cómo imagino la fiesta? Primero hay música. Con mucho cuidado, los", "anfitriones ponen música alegre. La casa está limpia y hay entremeses y", "bocadillos en la mesa. Hay mucho que beber también: vino y cerveza,", "vodka y tequila. Hay soda y gaseosa, agua mineral y jugo para la gente que", "no quiere tomar alcohol. Después de mucha preparación, todo está listo.", "Al entrar, los invitados sonríen y ponen las botellas de vino que llevan", "consigo en la mesa. La gente empieza a hablar, un poquito al principio, y", "mientras que toman, hablan más y más y en voz más y más alta. Ponen la", "música en alto volumen y algunas parejas empiezan a bailar. Las personas", "que saben la letra de las canciones cantan. Todo el mundo está muy alegre.", "Pasan unas horas y la anfitriona va a la cocina. Apagan las luces; ella", "vuelve con una torta de chocolate con velas y todos los amigos cantan", "'Cumpleaños Feliz'.", "Voy a mi alcoba a mirar mi vestuario. Mi cuarto es muy tranquilo, con", "una brisa que viene del mar. Las paredes son de un color azul celeste que", "produce calma. El ambiente es relajante, un ambiente de quietud. Es una", "sino but rather", "Sino is used in the second clause of a sentence in which the first clause", "is negative.", "Yo no soy profesor, sino", "I am not a teacher, but rather", "estudiante.", "a student.", "Ellos no son cubanos, sino", "They are not Cubans, but rather", "españoles.", "Spaniards.", "No vendemos, sino compramos.", "We don't sell, but rather we buy.", "de nada, por nada you're welcome, think nothing of it", "no hay de que you're welcome, don't mention it", "Gracias por el regalo.", "Thanks for the gift.", "De nada./No hay de que.", "You're welcome.", "ya no no longer", "Ella ya no quiere trabajar:", "She no longer wants to work.", "ahora no not now", "¿¡Puede Ud. pagar la cuenta?", "Ahora no.", "Can you pay the bill?", "Not now.", "todavía no not yet", "¿Están Uds. listos?", "Todavía no.", "Are you ready?", "Not yet.", "ni siquiera not even", "Él ni siquiera sabe escribir:", "He doesn't even know how to write.", "sin + infinitive + nada without + gerund + anything", "Él contesta sin saber nada.", "He answers without knowing", "anything.", "no es para tanto it's not such a big deal", "Elena no cocina bien, pero su", "esposo piensa que no es", "para tanto.", "casi nunca almost never, hardly ever", "María toca el piano, pero casi", "nunca practica.", "más que nada more than anything", "Silvia quiere viajar más que", "nada.", "nada más nothing more, that's all", "Paula tiene una casa en las", "montañas, nada más.", "Elena doesn't cook well, but her", "husband thinks that it's not", "such a big deal.", "María plays the piano, but she", "almost never practices.", "Sylvia wants to travel more than", "anything.", "Paula has a house in the mountains.", "nothing more.", "habitación cómoda donde descanso, leo y miro la televisión todas las", "noches. Son las ocho ya. Va a empezar mi programa favorito en media hora.", "apagar", "al entrar", "to turn off", "upon entering", "imaginar", "sonreír", "to imagine", "to smile", "el ambiente", "el anfitrión/", "la anfitriona", "el bocadillo", "la botella", "the atmosphere", "the host/", "the hostess", "the snack", "the bottle", "la brisa", "la conocida", "el entremés", "el invitado", "la letra", "the breeze", "the acquaintance", "the appetizer", "the guest", "the words (of a song)", "la pareja", "la soda, la gaseosa", "la vela", "the couple", "the soda", "the candle", "el vestuario", "the closet,", "the wardrobe", "acerca de", "encima de", "about", "on top of", "la hora equivocada", "consigo", "en alto volumen", "the wrong hour", "with themselves", "loudly", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "No recibo nunca ninguna carta", "de nadie.", "Él jamás pide nada a nadie.", "Ellos no quieren viajar nunca", "jamás.", "I never receive any letter from", "anybody.", "He never asks anything of anybody", "They don't want to travel ever", "again."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "no aprendemos nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "no escucho nunca (jamás)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "no tienen ningún enemigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "no hay ningún hospital por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nunca viajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "no es nada cómica", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "no bailo nunca", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.1 1. no aprendemos nada. 2. Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta. 3. no escucho nunca (jamás). 4. no tienen ningún enemigo. 5. no hay ningún hospital por aquí. 6. nunca viajo. 7. no es nada cómica. 8. no bailo nunca.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "no aprendemos nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "no escucho nunca (jamás)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "no tienen ningún enemigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "no hay ningún hospital por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nunca viajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "no es nada cómica", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "no bailo nunca", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. no aprendemos nada. 2. Nadie va a la fiesta. / Ninguna persona va a la fiesta. 3. no escucho nunca (jamás). 4. no tienen ningún enemigo. 5. no hay ningún hospital por aquí. 6. nunca viajo. 7. no es nada cómica. 8. no bailo nunca."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.2", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the negative.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo tengo más de treinta dólares en mi cartera.", "2. Siempre estamos contentos.", "3. Hago mucho hoy.", "4. Quiero ir también.", "5. Este programa es algo interesante.", "6. ¿Quieres tomar algo?", "7. ¿Hay alguna farmacia aquí? [Write a negative response.]", "8. ¿Tiene ella muchas amigas? [Write a negative response.]", "9. El novio siempre limpia el apartamento.", "10. Ella estudia todo el tiempo.", "11. Muchas mujeres quieren bailar con él.", "12. Alguien vive en la casa blanca."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Yo como siempre.", "Yo no como nunca.", "2. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Isabel acerca de la fiesta después de recibir la", "invitación?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Nunca estamos contentos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No hago nada hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "No quiero ir tampoco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Este programa no es nada interesante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿No quieres tomar nada?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ella no tiene ninguna amiga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "El novio nunca limpia el apartamento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Ella no estudia jamás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Nadie vive en la casa blanca", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.2 1. No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera. 2. Nunca estamos contentos. 3. No hago nada hoy. 4. No quiero ir tampoco. 5. Este programa no es nada interesante. 6. ¿No quieres tomar nada? 7. No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí. 8. Ella no tiene ninguna amiga. 9. El novio nunca limpia el apartamento. 10. Ella no estudia jamás. 11. Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él. 12. Nadie vive en la casa blanca.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Nunca estamos contentos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No hago nada hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No quiero ir tampoco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Este programa no es nada interesante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿No quieres tomar nada?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ella no tiene ninguna amiga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "El novio nunca limpia el apartamento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Ella no estudia jamás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Nadie vive en la casa blanca", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No tengo más que treinta dólares en mi cartera. 2. Nunca estamos contentos. 3. No hago nada hoy. 4. No quiero ir tampoco. 5. Este programa no es nada interesante. 6. ¿No quieres tomar nada? 7. No hay ninguna farmacia por aquí. 8. Ella no tiene ninguna amiga. 9. El novio nunca limpia el apartamento. 10. Ella no estudia jamás. 11. Ninguna mujer quiere bailar con él. 12. Nadie vive en la casa blanca."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.3", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans3", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud, using a negative expression.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. No quiero ir al cine con Luisa. ¿Quieres ir tú?", "2. ¿Quién cocina para Ud.?", "3. ¿Es el programa algo interesante?", "4. Ellos siempre van de vacaciones en el verano. ¿Y Ud.?", "5. ¿Con quién hablas a las seis de la mañana?", "6. ¿Por qué siempre corres al tren?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "9.3 Answers will vary. 1. No quiero ir tampoco. 2. Nadie cocina para mí. 3. No es nada interesante. 4. Yo nunca voy de vacaciones. 5. No hablo con nadie tan temprano a las seis de la mañana. 6. No corro nunca al tren.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. No quiero ir tampoco. 2. Nadie cocina para mí. 3. No es nada interesante. 4. Yo nunca voy de vacaciones. 5. No hablo con nadie tan temprano a las seis de la mañana. 6. No corro nunca al tren."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence, clause, or phrase. You already know the most commonly used prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a", "con", "de", "at, to", "with", "of, from, about", "en", "para", "sin", "in, on", "for, in order to", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "a", "back": "at, to"}, {"front": "en", "back": "in, on"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In general, prepositions are followed by verbs in the infinitive form, nouns, or pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Followed by an infinitive of a verb", "Ella estudia para aprender.", "Él habla sin pensar.", "She studies in order to learn", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Él habla sin pensar.", "back": "He speaks without thinking."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An infinitive that follows a preposition in Spanish is often translated with the English gerund (thinking, for example). In Spanish, the verb is always the infinitive (for example, pensar, to think)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0131-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Followed by a noun", "Él tiene un libro para la clase.", "•", "Followed by a pronoun", "El libro es para ella.", "He has a book for the class", "The book is for her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9375, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 131, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions Followed by Verbs or Nouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["antes de before", "Antes de nadar, ella quiere comer.", "Antes de la clase, ellos estudian.", "después de after", "Después de correr, ellos tienen", "sed.", "Después de la comida, él va", "a casa.", "en vez de instead of", "En vez de correr; él prefiere", "caminar:", "además de in addition to", "Además de ser valiente, ella es", "simpática.", "a pesar de in spite of", "A pesar de estar enfermo, él va", "al trabajo.", "Before swimming, she wants", "to eat.", "Before the class, they study.", "After running, they are thirsty", "After the meal, he goes home.", "Instead of running, he prefers", "to walk.", "In addition to being brave, she", "is nice.", "In spite of being sick, he goes", "to work."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["contra", "durante", "entre", "excepto", "hacia", "salvo", "against", "during", "between, among", "except", "toward", "except", "según", "sobre", "hasta", "desde", "according to", "above, on top of,", "about (a theme or topic)", "until", "since; from (a point of", "departure in place or time"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "contra", "back": "against"}, {"front": "según", "back": "according to"}, {"front": "durante", "back": "during"}, {"front": "sobre", "back": "above, on top of,"}, {"front": "excepto", "back": "except"}, {"front": "hasta", "back": "until"}, {"front": "hacia", "back": "toward"}, {"front": "desde", "back": "since; from (a point of"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacia can be combined with an adverb with the following meanings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0132-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacia atrás", "hacia adelante", "hacia arriba", "hacia abajo", "toward the rear", "toward the front", "upward", "downward"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 132, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sobre means on top of, about a theme or topic. It can also mean about in the sense of approximately."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El sartén está sobre la estufa.", "El autor escribe sobre la historia.", "Vamos al cine sobre las ocho.", "The pan is on top of the stove.", "The author writes about history.", "We are going to the movies about", "eight o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "El sartén está sobre la estufa.", "back": "The pan is on top of the stove."}, {"front": "El autor escribe sobre la historia.", "back": "The author writes about history."}, {"front": "Vamos al cine sobre las ocho.", "back": "We are going to the movies about"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Desde means from if you have a specific point of departure in terms of place or time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Veo el río desde mi ventana.", "Ella trabaja desde las siete de", "la mañana hasta las tres de", "la tarde", "I see the river from my window.", "She works from seven o'clock in", "the morning until three in the", "afternoon"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Veo el río desde mi ventana.", "back": "I see the river from my window."}, {"front": "Ella trabaja desde las siete de", "back": "She works from seven o'clock in"}, {"front": "la mañana hasta las tres de", "back": "the morning until three in the"}, {"front": "la tarde", "back": "afternoon"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In addition to simple prepositions, there are many compound prepositions that are followed by nouns or pronouns. The list below includes both types."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al lado de", "alrededor de", "cerca de", "debajo de", "bajo", "delante de", "ante", "dentro de", "detrás de", "tras", "encima de", "enfrente de, frente a", "fuera de", "junto a, pegado a", "lejos de", "next to", "around", "near", "underneath", "under (more figurative than debajo de,", "before, in front of (physical location)", "before, in front of, in the presence of", "inside of", "behind", "after (in a set of expressions)", "on top of", "in front of, opposite, facing, across from", "outside of", "close to, right next to", "far from"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have already learned that subject pronouns follow prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["para él", "para ella", "para ellos", "para ellas", "for him", "for her", "for them (m.)", "for them (f.)", "para Ud.", "para Uds.", "para nosotros", "para vosotros", "for you (sing.)", "for you (pl.)", "for us", "for you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "para él", "back": "for him"}, {"front": "para Ud.", "back": "for you (sing.)"}, {"front": "para ella", "back": "for her"}, {"front": "para Uds.", "back": "for you (pl.)"}, {"front": "para ellos", "back": "for them (m.)"}, {"front": "para nosotros", "back": "for us"}, {"front": "para ellas", "back": "for them (f.)"}, {"front": "para vosotros", "back": "for you"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 133, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only exceptions appear in the first-person and second-person singular."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["para mí", "para ti", "for me", "for you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "para mí", "back": "for me"}, {"front": "para ti", "back": "for you"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are a few situations, however, where the subject pronouns tú and yo are used after prepositions. Note the following expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entre tú y yo", "menos tú y yo", "excepto tú y yo", "según tú", "incluso yo", "salvo yo", "between you and me", "except you and me", "except you and me", "according to you", "including me", "except me"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9901960784313726, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only preposition that combines with a pronoun is con."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conmigo", "contigo", "consigo", "with me", "with you", "with yourself, with himself, with herself, with themselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "contigo", "back": "with you"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Preposition por"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por has the following meanings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0134-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "•", "•", "through, by", "El ladrón sale por la ventana.", "The robber leaves through the", "window.", "Preferimos viajar por avión.", "We prefer to travel by plane.", "Él manda mensajes por correo", "He sends messages by e-mail.", "electrónico.", "because of, on account of, for the sake of, out of", "La planta es verde por la", "The plant is green because of the", "clorofila.", "chlorophyll.", "Él está triste por el mal clima.", "He is sad because of the bad", "weather.", "Ella no quiere hablar por miedo.", "She doesn't want to talk out of fear", "Ellas aprenden bien por ti.", "They learn well because of you.", "in exchange for; in place of (suggests a substitution)", "Pago diez dólares por este", "I pay $10 (in exchange) for this", "vestido.", "dress."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Preferimos viajar por avión.", "back": "We prefer to travel by plane."}, {"front": "Él manda mensajes por correo", "back": "He sends messages by e-mail."}, {"front": "electrónico.", "back": "The plant is green because of the"}, {"front": "because of, on account of, for the sake of, out of", "back": "clorofila."}, {"front": "La planta es verde por la", "back": "chlorophyll."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 134, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El estudiante enseña por el", "profesor.", "•", "per", "Él gana quinientos dólares por", "semana.", "Recibe mil doscientos dólares", "por mes.", "• for (before a period of time)", "Cada día, corro por una hora.", "Cada noche, leo por media hora.", "Ella tiene ganas de estudiar el", "español por dos años.", "The student teaches for (instead of,", "the teacher.", "He earns $500 per week.", "He receives $1,200 per month.", "Each day, I run for an hour.", "Each night, I read for a half hour.", "She wants to study Spanish for", "two years."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por adds the idea of motion to prepositions of location."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño corre por debajo de", "la mesa.", "El gato salta por encima del sofá.", "The child runs under the table", "The cat jumps over the sofa."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El niño corre por debajo de", "back": "The child runs under the table"}, {"front": "El gato salta por encima del sofá.", "back": "The cat jumps over the sofa."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por appears in some common expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0135-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["por acá, por aquí", "por allá, por allí", "por ahora", "por casualidad", "por lo común", "por costumbre", "por ejemplo", "por eso", "por favor", "por fin", "por lo menos", "por poco", "por primera vez.", "por supuesto", "por todas partes", "por la mañana", "por la tarde", "por la noche", "around here", "around there", "for now", "by chance", "usually", "usually", "for example", "therefore, for this reason", "please", "finally", "at least", "almost", "for the first time", "of course", "everywhere", "in the morning (imprecise time)", "in the afternoon", "in the evening"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 135, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Por and para Compared"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that para means for."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El regalo es para su hijo.", "Tengo una pregunta para ella.", "The gift is for her son.", "I have a question for her"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El regalo es para su hijo.", "back": "The gift is for her son."}, {"front": "Tengo una pregunta para ella.", "back": "I have a question for her"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Para is also used to express a specific time limit or deadline in the future. In this context, it can be translated as for, by, on, or before."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito la blusa para el viernes.", "I need the blouse for Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Necesito la blusa para el viernes.", "back": "I need the blouse for Friday"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por is translated as simple for only when por precedes a quantity of time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy a viajar por varios meses.", "Ella mira televisión por una hora.", "Dormimos por ocho horas cada", "noche.", "I am going to travel for several", "months.", "She watches television for an hour", "We sleep for eight hours every", "night."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Voy a viajar por varios meses.", "back": "I am going to travel for several"}, {"front": "Ella mira televisión por una hora.", "back": "She watches television for an hour"}, {"front": "Dormimos por ocho horas cada", "back": "We sleep for eight hours every"}, {"front": "noche.", "back": "night."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With the exception of their English translations as for, the meanings of por and para do not overlap. Again, por means for only when it precedes a period of time. Para means for in almost all other cases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0136-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Queremos una habitación para", "dos personas por una noche.", "El tren sale para el Canadá.", "We want a room for two persons", "for one night.", "The train is leaving for Canada."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Queremos una habitación para", "back": "We want a room for two persons"}, {"front": "dos personas por una noche.", "back": "for one night."}, {"front": "El tren sale para el Canadá.", "back": "The train is leaving for Canada."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 136, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.4", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions and pronouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quieres salir _______ a las cinco? (with me)", "2. No quiero salir _______. (without you)", "3. ¿Tiene Ud. confianza _______? (in him)", "4. Ella lleva su bolsa _______. (with her)", "5. Este regalo es _______. (for them)", "6. _______, ¿quién cocina mejor? (between him and her)", "7. _______, esta película es horrible. (between you and me)", "8. Los niños corren _______. (toward us)", "9. El hombre quiere hablar _______, pero yo no quiero hablar _______. (with me/with him)", "10. Hay una estatua _______. (near him)", "11. Julia no quiere tocar el piano _______. (in front of them)", "12. Primero, ella quiere practicar _______. (in front of us)", "13. Este hombre siempre está sentado _______. (behind her)", "14. La familia de Pedro vive _________________ pero vive ____________________. (far from him/near me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "conmigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sin ti", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "en él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "consigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Entre él y ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Entre tú y yo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hacia nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "conmigo, con él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cerca de él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "delante de ellos / ante ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "delante de nosotros / ante nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "detrás de ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "lejos de él, cerca de mí", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.4 1. conmigo 2. sin ti 3. en él 4. consigo 5. para ellos 6. Entre él y ella 7. Entre tú y yo 8. hacia nosotros 9. conmigo, con él 10. cerca de él 11. delante de ellos / ante ellos 12. delante de nosotros / ante nosotros 13. detrás de ella 14. lejos de él, cerca de mí", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "conmigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sin ti", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "en él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "consigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Entre él y ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Entre tú y yo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hacia nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "conmigo, con él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cerca de él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "delante de ellos / ante ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "delante de nosotros / ante nosotros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "detrás de ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "lejos de él, cerca de mí", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. conmigo 2. sin ti 3. en él 4. consigo 5. para ellos 6. Entre él y ella 7. Entre tú y yo 8. hacia nosotros 9. conmigo, con él 10. cerca de él 11. delante de ellos / ante ellos 12. delante de nosotros / ante nosotros 13. detrás de ella 14. lejos de él, cerca de mí"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.5", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. _________________, las muchachas van a practicar el piano. (before lunch)", "2. _________________, quieren mirar televisión. (after dinner)", "3. _________________, vamos a la playa. (after eating)", "4. _________________ a su trabajo, ella toma su desayuno. (before going)", "5. _________________ temprano, ella llega tarde. (in spite of leaving)", "6. El muchacho baila _________________ la música. (without listening to)", "7. Ella estudia _________________. (in order to learn)", "8. ¿Están las llaves _______ la ventana o _______ la puerta? (underneath/on top of)", "9. Vamos al teatro que está _________________ la tercera avenida. (near)", "10. El padre corre _________________ su hija. (toward)", "11. ¿Cuándo sale el tren _________________ Madrid? (for)", "12. Hay muchos árboles _________________ la casa lujosa. (behind)", "13. La radio habla _________________ la situación mundial. (about)", "14. Tomás va a estar de viaje _________________ seis meses. (for)", "15. No quiero hablar _________________ la clase. (in front of)", "16. Vamos al cine una vez _________________ semana. (per)", "17. Ellos prefieren viajar _________________ tren _________________ tres horas. (by/for)", "18. El rió está _________________ las montañas. (far from)", "19. Ella no quiere ir a Alaska _________________ el frío. (because of)", "20. Practico el piano _________________ tocar bien. (in order to)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Antes del almuerzo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de la cena", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "A pesar de salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "debajo de, encima de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cerca de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hacia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "detrás de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sobre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "delante de / ante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "por, por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "lejos de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.5 1. Antes del almuerzo 2. Después de la cena 3. Después de comer 4. Antes de ir 5. A pesar de salir 6. sin escuchar 7. para aprender 8. debajo de, encima de 9. cerca de 10. hacia 11. para 12. detrás de 13. sobre 14. por 15. delante de / ante 16. por 17. por, por 18. lejos de 19. por 20. para", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Antes del almuerzo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de la cena", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "A pesar de salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "para aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "debajo de, encima de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cerca de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hacia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "detrás de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sobre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "delante de / ante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "por, por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "lejos de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "para", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Antes del almuerzo 2. Después de la cena 3. Después de comer 4. Antes de ir 5. A pesar de salir 6. sin escuchar 7. para aprender 8. debajo de, encima de 9. cerca de 10. hacia 11. para 12. detrás de 13. sobre 14. por 15. delante de / ante 16. por 17. por, por 18. lejos de 19. por 20. para"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.6", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ella nunca habla contra sus amigos.", "2. Los zapatos de Sara están debajo de su cama.", "3. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos.", "4. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco.", "5. Puedo ver el río desde mi ventana.", "6. Ella duerme ocho horas cada noche. Ella duerme desde las once hasta las siete.", "7. Bajo la ley, ¿quién tiene protección?", "8. Pongo un libro encima del otro.", "9. Antonio nunca canta sin nosotros.", "10. El testigo tiene que aparecer ante el juez.", "11. Los niños hablan mucho de la película.", "12. El autor escribe sobre la historia y los derechos humanos.", "13. El cine está lejos del mercado."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "She never speaks against her friends", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Australia is far from the United States", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The school is between the church and the bank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I can see the river from my window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Under the law, who has protection?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I put one book on top of the other", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Anthony never sings without us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The witness has to appear before the judge", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The children talk a lot about the film", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "The author writes about history and human rights", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "The movie theater is far from the market", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.6 1. She never speaks against her friends. 2. Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed. 3. Australia is far from the United States. 4. The school is between the church and the bank. 5. I can see the river from my window. 6. She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00. 7. Under the law, who has protection? 8. I put one book on top of the other. 9. Anthony never sings without us. 10. The witness has to appear before the judge. 11. The children talk a lot about the film. 12. The author writes about history and human rights. 13. The movie theater is far from the market.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "She never speaks against her friends", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Australia is far from the United States", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The school is between the church and the bank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I can see the river from my window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Under the law, who has protection?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I put one book on top of the other", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Anthony never sings without us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The witness has to appear before the judge", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The children talk a lot about the film", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "The author writes about history and human rights", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "The movie theater is far from the market", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. She never speaks against her friends. 2. Sara’s shoes are underneath her bed. 3. Australia is far from the United States. 4. The school is between the church and the bank. 5. I can see the river from my window. 6. She sleeps eight hours every night. She sleeps from 11:00 until 7:00. 7. Under the law, who has protection? 8. I put one book on top of the other. 9. Anthony never sings without us. 10. The witness has to appear before the judge. 11. The children talk a lot about the film. 12. The author writes about history and human rights. 13. The movie theater is far from the market."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.7", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I enter the store through the door.", "2. Everyone wants to go except Samuel.", "3. All the men dance except Pablo.", "4. My garden is next to my neighbor’s garden.", "5. We walk toward the park.", "6. There is a bus stop in front of Laura’s house.", "7. According to the news, a lot of people are not going to vote.", "8. There are comfortable chairs around the swimming pool.", "9. Day after day, they work a lot.", "10. James’ house is behind the school.", "11. Are you going to study for the test?", "12. She doesn’t want to travel out of fear."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Entro en la tienda por la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Caminamos hacia el parque", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Vas a estudiar para el examen?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Ella no quiere viajar por miedo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.7 1. Entro en la tienda por la puerta. 2. Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel. 3. Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo. 4. Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino. 5. Caminamos hacia el parque. 6. Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura. 7. Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar. 8. Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina. 9. Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho. 10. La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela. 11. ¿Vas a estudiar para el examen? 12. Ella no quiere viajar por miedo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Entro en la tienda por la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Caminamos hacia el parque", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Vas a estudiar para el examen?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Ella no quiere viajar por miedo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Entro en la tienda por la puerta. 2. Todo el mundo quiere ir, excepto Samuel. 3. Todos los hombres bailan salvo Pablo. 4. Mi jardín está pegado al jardín de mi vecino. 5. Caminamos hacia el parque. 6. Hay una parada de buses enfrente de la casa de Laura. 7. Según las noticias, mucha gente no va a votar. 8. Hay sillas cómodas alrededor de la piscina. 9. Día tras día, ellos trabajan mucho. 10. La casa de Jaime está detrás de la escuela. 11. ¿Vas a estudiar para el examen? 12. Ella no quiere viajar por miedo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El circo"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Aunque ella tiene cuarenta años, mi amiga Leonora quiere trabajar en un circo. Es verdad que ella es soltera y maestra y tiene el verano libre pero no entiendo por qué ella no quiere ir al Caribe o a cualquier sitio relajante. Ella piensa que va a ser una gran aventura. Hay una gira del circo por el noreste de los Estados Unidos y ella va a pasar todo el verano con ellos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Yo soy soltera también y tengo el verano libre, pero no tengo el menor interés en el circo. ¡Es absurdo! ¿Qué hay que hacer en un circo? Según Leonora, ella va a vender tiquetes por la mañana. Después de almorzar, va a mirar algunos ensayos y a hablar con los trapecistas. Desde las dos de la tarde hasta las siete, ella y sus colegas van a vender más tiquetes por teléfono y en persona. A eso de las ocho de la noche, al escuchar la música que indica que el circo va a empezar, Leonora va a cerrar la oficina y salir para ir a ver la función. El colmo es que va a ganar solamente trescientos dólares por semana. Ella sale mañana. Por mi parte, prefiero pasar el verano aquí. Es bonito, hace buen tiempo y tengo otras amigas. De todos modos, ella va a volver pronto."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vocabulario"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aunque", "el circo", "el colega", "el colmo", "el ensayo", "la gira", "indicar", "el interés", "although", "the circus", "the colleague", "the limit", "the rehearsal", "the tour", "to indicate", "the interest", "libre", "el noreste", "qué hay que hacer", "el sitio", "soltera", "el tiquete", "de todos modos", "el trapecista", "free (as in time)", "the northeast", "what is there to do", "the place", "single", "the ticket", "anyway", "the trapeze artist"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "aunque", "back": "although"}, {"front": "libre", "back": "free (as in time)"}, {"front": "el circo", "back": "the circus"}, {"front": "el noreste", "back": "the northeast"}, {"front": "el colega", "back": "the colleague"}, {"front": "qué hay que hacer", "back": "what is there to do"}, {"front": "el colmo", "back": "the limit"}, {"front": "el sitio", "back": "the place"}, {"front": "el ensayo", "back": "the rehearsal"}, {"front": "soltera", "back": "single"}, {"front": "la gira", "back": "the tour"}, {"front": "el tiquete", "back": "the ticket"}, {"front": "indicar", "back": "to indicate"}, {"front": "de todos modos", "back": "anyway"}, {"front": "el interés", "back": "the interest"}, {"front": "el trapecista", "back": "the trapeze artist"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 140, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la caja", "el correo", "los derechos", "humanos", "el/la juez.", "la ley", "the box", "the post office", "the human rights", "the judge", "the lau", "las noticias", "la parada", "la película", "el/la testigo", "el vecino", "the news", "the bus stop", "the film", "the witness", "the neighbor"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9891304347826086, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "la caja", "back": "the box"}, {"front": "las noticias", "back": "the news"}, {"front": "el correo", "back": "the post office"}, {"front": "la parada", "back": "the bus stop"}, {"front": "los derechos", "back": "the human rights"}, {"front": "la película", "back": "the film"}, {"front": "el/la juez.", "back": "the judge"}, {"front": "el vecino", "back": "the neighbor"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 141, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuántos años tiene Leonora?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué quiere ir al circo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué va a hacer Leonora durante el día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuánto va a ganar ella por semana en el circo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nature"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el alba (f.)", "el cielo", "la colina", "el desierto", "la estrella", "la inundación", "el lago", "la lluvia", "la luna", "la madrugada", "the daun", "the sky", "the hill", "the desert", "the star", "the flood", "the lake", "the rain", "the moon", "the dawn,", "early morning", "el mar", "las montañas", "el monte", "la nieve", "las nubes", "el ocaso", "el océano", "la puesta del sol", "el relámpago", "el río", "el sol", "the sea", "the mountains", "the hill", "the snow", "the clouds", "the sunset", "the ocean", "the sunset", "the lightning", "the river", "the sun"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9891304347826086, "cardCount": 20, "cards": [{"front": "el alba (f.)", "back": "the daun"}, {"front": "el mar", "back": "the sea"}, {"front": "el cielo", "back": "the sky"}, {"front": "las montañas", "back": "the mountains"}, {"front": "la colina", "back": "the hill"}, {"front": "el monte", "back": "the hill"}, {"front": "el desierto", "back": "the desert"}, {"front": "la nieve", "back": "the snow"}, {"front": "la estrella", "back": "the star"}, {"front": "las nubes", "back": "the clouds"}, {"front": "la inundación", "back": "the flood"}, {"front": "el ocaso", "back": "the sunset"}, {"front": "el lago", "back": "the lake"}, {"front": "el océano", "back": "the ocean"}, {"front": "la lluvia", "back": "the rain"}, {"front": "la puesta del sol", "back": "the sunset"}, {"front": "la luna", "back": "the moon"}, {"front": "el relámpago", "back": "the lightning"}, {"front": "la madrugada", "back": "the dawn,"}, {"front": "el río", "back": "the river"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 141, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el temblor", "la tempestad", "el terremoto", "la tierra", "the tremor", "the storm", "the earthquake", "the earth", "la tormenta", "el trueno", "el viento", "the storm", "the thunder", "the wind"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "el temblor", "back": "the tremor"}, {"front": "la tormenta", "back": "the storm"}, {"front": "la tempestad", "back": "the storm"}, {"front": "el trueno", "back": "the thunder"}, {"front": "el terremoto", "back": "the earthquake"}, {"front": "el viento", "back": "the wind"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 142, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Weather"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué tiempo hace?", "Hace buen tiempo.", "Hace mal tiempo.", "Hace calor.", "Hace frío.", "Hace fresco.", "Hace sol.", "Hace viento.", "It's hot.", "It's cold.", "It's cool.", "It's sunny.", "It's windy.", "What's the weather like?", "The weather is good.", "The weather is bad.", "Hay estrellas.", "Hay luna.", "Hay neblina.", "Hay nubes.", "Hay polvo.", "Hay lodo.", "The stars are out", "The moon is out.", "It's foggy.", "It's cloudy.", "It's dusty.", "It's muddy."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "Hace calor.", "back": "It's hot."}, {"front": "Hay estrellas.", "back": "The stars are out"}, {"front": "Hace frío.", "back": "It's cold."}, {"front": "Hay luna.", "back": "The moon is out."}, {"front": "Hace fresco.", "back": "It's cool."}, {"front": "Hay neblina.", "back": "It's foggy."}, {"front": "Hace sol.", "back": "It's sunny."}, {"front": "Hay nubes.", "back": "It's cloudy."}, {"front": "Hace viento.", "back": "It's windy."}, {"front": "Hay polvo.", "back": "It's dusty."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 142, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.8", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans8", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. No comemos a las siete. ¿A qué hora comen Uds.?", "2. Los libros no están en la mesa, sino en el piso. ¿Por qué están los libros en el piso?", "3. ¿Qué haces por costumbre los sábados por la noche?", "4. Después de hacer ejercicio, ¿en qué parte del cuerpo tienes dolor?", "5. ¿Vive Ud. en un apartamento o en una casa? ¿En qué piso vive?", "6. ¿Quiere Ud. viajar o prefiere Ud. ahorrar su dinero?", "7. Si Ud. tiene hambre, ¿qué come? Si Ud. tiene sed, ¿qué bebe?", "8. Enrique tiene ocho años. Su hermano tiene diez años y su hermana tiene doce. ¿Quién es el mayor de su familia?", "9. ¿Va Ud. a la playa en el verano?", "10. ¿Qué haces tú si tu amigo quiere ir a un restaurante en particular y quieres ir a otro?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "9.8 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.9", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans9", "instruction": "Regular and irregular verbs. Complete the following sentences with the correct conjugation of the verbs in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Él no _____________ jugo de naranja; _____________ jugo de manzana. (to drink/to drink)", "2. El niño no _____________ bien el piano, porque no _____________ nunca. (to play/to practice)", "3. No _____________ ningún buen hotel en la ciudad. (there is)", "4. ¿ _____________ Uds. al campo con sus primos el domingo? (to go)", "5. Yo _____________ que él va a _____________ un buen abogado si él estudia. (to know/to be)", "6. Fernando _____________ a Nueva York. ¿Cuántos amigos de él _____________ en la ciudad? (to want to go/to live)", "7. Yo _____________ mi casa casi todos los días. No _____________ limpiar mi casa los sábados. (to clean/have to)", "8. Los dos amigos quieren _____________ de fumar. (to stop)", "9. ¿Cuál _____________ su número de teléfono? (to be)", "10. Nosotros _____________ que el primo de Carlos _____________ con nuestro hermano. (to know/to be)", "11. La clase _____________ a las seis. Nosotros _____________ de la clase a las ocho. (to begin/to leave)", "12. En la clase, estudiamos mucho y _____________ la lección. (to understand)", "13. ¿Dónde _____________ las llaves que tú siempre pierdes? (to be)", "14. ¿Quién _____________ contestar las preguntas? (to be able)", "15. La verdad es que ella _________________ bien, pero nunca _________________. (to try to cook/to have success)", "16. ¿Qué _____________ Ud. durante el día? (to do)", "17. Toda la familia _____________ a España todos los años. (to travel)", "18. Ella _____________ el piano y él _____________ la flauta. Los domingos _____________ al béisbol. (to play/to play/to play)", "19. ¿Quién _____________ la cuenta? (to be going to pay)", "20. Mi amiga está en Portugal y no quiere _____________ a los Estados Unidos. (to return)", "21. Mi amiga _____________ dolor de estómago. ¿Piensa Ud. que _______ a un médico? (to have/ought to go)", "22. El carro de Juan es viejo. Él va a _____________ otro. (to buy)", "23. _______ a mi casa el sábado? ¿Qué quieres _____________ para el desayuno? (to come/to have)", "24. Si nadie quiere _____________, ¿por qué tanta gente va a la playa? (to swim)", "25. Ellos _____________ en el maratón cada año en Boston. (to run)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "bebe, toma/bebe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "toca, practica", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sé, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "quiere ir, viven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "limpio, tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dejar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sabemos, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "empieza, salimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "entendemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "puede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "trata de cocinar, tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "viaja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "toca, toca, juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "va a pagar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "volver/regresar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "tiene, debe ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "Vienes, tomar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "nadar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "corren", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.9 1. bebe, toma/bebe 2. toca, practica 3. hay 4. Van 5. sé, ser 6. quiere ir, viven 7. limpio, tengo que 8. dejar 9. es 10. sabemos, está 11. empieza, salimos 12. entendemos 13. están 14. puede 15. trata de cocinar, tiene éxito 16. hace 17. viaja 18. toca, toca, juegan 19. va a pagar 20. volver/regresar 21. tiene, debe ir 22. comprar 23. Vienes, tomar 24. nadar 25. corren", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "bebe, toma/bebe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "toca, practica", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sé, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "quiere ir, viven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "limpio, tengo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dejar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sabemos, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "empieza, salimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "entendemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "puede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "trata de cocinar, tiene éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "viaja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "toca, toca, juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "va a pagar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "volver/regresar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "tiene, debe ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "Vienes, tomar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "nadar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "corren", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. bebe, toma/bebe 2. toca, practica 3. hay 4. Van 5. sé, ser 6. quiere ir, viven 7. limpio, tengo que 8. dejar 9. es 10. sabemos, está 11. empieza, salimos 12. entendemos 13. están 14. puede 15. trata de cocinar, tiene éxito 16. hace 17. viaja 18. toca, toca, juegan 19. va a pagar 20. volver/regresar 21. tiene, debe ir 22. comprar 23. Vienes, tomar 24. nadar 25. corren"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.10", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans10", "instruction": "Prepositions and verbs. Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. _________________, las muchachas van a practicar la canción. (before singing)", "2. _________________, Raúl quiere ir al cine. (after resting)", "3. _________________ a las ocho, salimos a las seis y media. (in order to arrive)", "4. _________________, vamos a la playa. (after eating)", "5. ¿Va ella a la fiesta _________________ enferma todo el día? (after being)", "6. Enrique baila _________________ la música. (without listening to)", "7. _________________ duro, este hombre no tiene éxito. (in spite of working)", "8. Ellos leen el periódico _________________ al trabajo. (before going)", "9. _________________ algunas cervezas, Uds. deben comer algo. (before having)", "10. _________________ su tarea, el estudiante decide jugar. (instead of doing)", "11. Ella quiere viajar _____________ seis meses. (for)", "12. Voy a pasar _____________ la ciudad antigua en mayo. (through)", "13. Necesito una habitación _____________ una persona_____________tres días. (for/for)", "14. El tren sale _____________ México mañana, pero ella prefiere viajar_____________avión. (for/by)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Antes de cantar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de descansar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Para llegar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "después de estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "A pesar de trabajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Antes de tomar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "En vez de hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.10 1. Antes de cantar 2. Después de descansar 3. Para llegar 4. Después de comer 5. después de estar 6. sin escuchar 7. A pesar de trabajar 8. antes de ir 9. Antes de tomar 10. En vez de hacer 11. por 12. por 13. para, por 14. para, por", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Antes de cantar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de descansar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Para llegar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Después de comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "después de estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sin escuchar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "A pesar de trabajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "antes de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Antes de tomar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "En vez de hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "para, por", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Antes de cantar 2. Después de descansar 3. Para llegar 4. Después de comer 5. después de estar 6. sin escuchar 7. A pesar de trabajar 8. antes de ir 9. Antes de tomar 10. En vez de hacer 11. por 12. por 13. para, por 14. para, por"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.11", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans11", "instruction": "Numbers, telling time, adverbs, prepositions, and comparisons. Complete the following sentences with the Spanish for the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi primo vive entre la _________________ y la _________________ avenida. (sixth/seventh)", "2. Él llega _________________ si camina _________________. (rapidly/to the left)", "3. ¿Por qué vive ella en el _________________ piso? (eighth)", "4. _________________ el _________________ tren llega de Los Angeles. (at 10:45/third)", "5. Hay un buen restaurante en la calle _________________ con la _________________ avenida. (34th/third)", "6. Ella siempre pierde sus llaves. _________________ están _________________ su mesa. _________________ están _________________ el carro. (at times/underneath/frequently/in)", "7. Su hermana _________________ nunca lee el periódico y nunca sabe nada. (older)", "8. Mi hermano _________________ está feliz porque nuestra tía viene de Texas. (younger)", "9. Si estoy en la _________________ avenida, ¿debo ir _________________, _________________, o _________________ para llegar a la librería? (seventh/to the right/ to the left/straight ahead)", "10. Los domingos, mi amiga duerme _________________. (until 11:00 A.M.)", "11. Mi amigo no trabaja los domingos, pero su trabajo empieza _________________ los lunes. (at 8:00 A.M.)", "12. La película empieza _________________ esta noche. (at 7:45)", "13. Ella es _________________ mujer de la familia que va a una universidad. (the first)", "14. Las calles de México son _________________ que las calles de España. (narrower)", "15. Carla es _________________ su hermano, pero su hermano es _________________ ella. (taller than/older than)", "16. El doctor piensa que el pollo es bueno, pero el pescado es _________________ para la salud del paciente. (better)", "17. El niño está triste pero su madre está _________________ él. (sadder than)", "18. Ella vive con sus tres hermanos _________________. (younger)", "19. Sara va al gimnasio porque quiere ser _________________ su _________________ amiga. (stronger than/best)", "20. ¿Cuál es la _________________ película del año? (worst)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sexta, séptima", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "rápidamente, a la izquierda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "octavo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "A las once menos quince, tercer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "treinta y cuatro, tercera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hasta las once de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "a las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "a las ocho menos cuarto/quince", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la primera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "más estrechas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "más alta que, mayor que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "más triste que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "menores", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "más fuerte que, mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "peor", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.11 1. sexta, séptima 2. rápidamente, a la izquierda 3. octavo 4. A las once menos quince, tercer 5. treinta y cuatro, tercera 6. A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en 7. mayor 8. menor 9. séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho 10. hasta las once de la mañana 11. a las ocho de la mañana 12. a las ocho menos cuarto/quince 13. la primera 14. más estrechas 15. más alta que, mayor que 16. mejor 17. más triste que 18. menores 19. más fuerte que, mejor 20. peor", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sexta, séptima", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "rápidamente, a la izquierda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "octavo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "A las once menos quince, tercer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "treinta y cuatro, tercera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mayor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hasta las once de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "a las ocho de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "a las ocho menos cuarto/quince", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la primera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "más estrechas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "más alta que, mayor que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "más triste que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "menores", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "más fuerte que, mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "peor", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sexta, séptima 2. rápidamente, a la izquierda 3. octavo 4. A las once menos quince, tercer 5. treinta y cuatro, tercera 6. A veces, debajo de, Frecuentemente, en 7. mayor 8. menor 9. séptima, a la derecha, a la izquierda, recto/derecho 10. hasta las once de la mañana 11. a las ocho de la mañana 12. a las ocho menos cuarto/quince 13. la primera 14. más estrechas 15. más alta que, mayor que 16. mejor 17. más triste que 18. menores 19. más fuerte que, mejor 20. peor"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.12", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. My niece is going to be 13 years old next week.", "2. The girls are hungry and thirsty, and no one knows how to cook.", "3. Not one child wants to go to the dentist. I don’t know why everyone is afraid to go.", "4. The film begins at eight o’clock. We have to arrive at seven thirty.", "5. She thinks that he ought to try to run every day in order to be stronger.", "6. She always goes to Las Vegas in the winter. She loses frequently. But today she is lucky and wins one hundred dollars.", "7. That church is old. It is much older than this temple.", "8. I try to speak with my friends in Spanish. I have a lot to learn. I should study every morning.", "9. Carla spends a lot of time in the store. She looks at the clothes, but she leaves without buying anything.", "10. How many earthquakes are there in California each year?", "11. Who is here? It is I.", "12. George is a good man.", "13. Elena and her friends are intelligent.", "14. His grandmother and grandfather are happy because their grandchildren are well."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Jorge es un buen hombre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.12 1. Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana. 2. Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar. 3. Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir. 4. La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media. 5. Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte. 6. Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares. 7. Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo. 8. Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana. 9. Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada. 10. ¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año? 11. ¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo. 12. Jorge es un buen hombre. 13. Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes. 14. Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Jorge es un buen hombre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Mi sobrina va a tener trece años la próxima semana. 2. Las muchachas tienen hambre y sed y nadie sabe cocinar. 3. Ningún niño quiere ir al dentista. No sé porque todo el mundo tiene miedo de ir. 4. La película empieza a las ocho. Tenemos que llegar a las siete y media. 5. Ella piensa que él debe tratar de correr todos los días para ser más fuerte. 6. Ella va siempre a Las Vegas en el invierno. Pierde frecuentemente. Pero hoy tiene suerte y gana cien dólares. 7. Esa iglesia es vieja. Es mucho más vieja que este templo. 8. Trato de hablar con mis amigos en español. Tengo mucho que aprender. Debo estudiar cada mañana. 9. Carla pasa mucho tiempo en la tienda. Mira la ropa, pero sale sin comprar nada. 10. ¿Cuántos terremotos hay en California cada año? 11. ¿Quién está aquí? Soy yo. 12. Jorge es un buen hombre. 13. Elena y sus amigos son inteligentes. 14. Su abuela y su abuelo están contentos porque sus nietos están bien."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "9.13", "ansAnchor": "ch9ans13", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part I.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. abrir", "2. acabar de", "3. aceptar", "4. ahorrar", "5. almorzar", "6. apagar", "7. aparecer", "8. aprender", "9. arreglar", "10. bailar", "11. bajar", "12. beber", "13. cambiar", "14. caminar", "15. cantar", "16. celebrar", "17. cerrar", "18. cocinar", "19. comer", "20. compartir", "21. comprar", "22. comprender", "23. contestar", "24. correr", "25. cruzar", "26. deber", "27. decidir", "28. dejar de", "29. descansar", "30. describir", "31. devolver", "32. dibujar", "33. disfrutar", "34. doblar", "35. dormir", "36. empezar", "37. encontrar", "38. entender", "39. entrar", "40. escribir", "41. escuchar", "42. estar", "43. estudiar", "44. explicar", "45. firmar", "46. fumar", "47. ganar", "48. gozar", "49. hablar", "50. hacer", "51. ir", "52. jugar", "53. leer", "54. limpiar", "55. llegar", "56. llenar", "57. llevar", "58. llorar", "59. manejar", "60. marcar", "61. mentir", "62. meter", "63. mirar", "64. nadar", "65. necesitar", "66. oír", "67. parar", "68. pasar", "69. pensar", "70. perder", "71. pintar", "72. poder", "73. poner", "74. practicar", "75. preferir", "76. prender", "77. preparar", "78. querer", "79. recibir", "80. recordar", "81. regresar", "82. repasar", "83. repetir", "84. romper", "85. saber", "86. salir", "87. seguir", "88. ser", "89. servir", "90. sonreír", "91. subir", "92. tener que", "93. tener", "94. terminar", "95. tirar", "96. tocar", "97. tomar", "98. trabajar", "99. tratar de", "100. usar", "101. vender", "102. venir", "103. ver", "104. viajar", "105. vivir", "106. volver", "107. votar"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to open", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to have just", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to accept", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to save (money)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to have lunch", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to turn off", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to appear", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to learn", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to arrange, to fix", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to dance", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to go down, to descend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to drink", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to change", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to sing", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to celebrate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to close", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to cook", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to eat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to share", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to buy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to answer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to run", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to cross", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to owe, should, must, ought to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to decide", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to stop (doing something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to rest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to describe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to return (an object)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to draw", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to turn, to fold", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to sleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to enter", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to write", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to listen to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to study", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to explain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to sign", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to smoke", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to win", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to speak", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to do, to make", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 51, "answer": "to go", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 52, "answer": "to play", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 53, "answer": "to read", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 54, "answer": "to clean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 55, "answer": "to arrive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 56, "answer": "to fill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 57, "answer": "to wear, to carry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 58, "answer": "to cry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 59, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 60, "answer": "to dial, to mark", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 61, "answer": "to lie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 62, "answer": "to put in", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 63, "answer": "to look at, to watch", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 64, "answer": "to swim", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 65, "answer": "to need", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 66, "answer": "to hear", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 67, "answer": "to stop", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 68, "answer": "to pass, to spend (time)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 69, "answer": "to think", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 70, "answer": "to lose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 71, "answer": "to paint", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 72, "answer": "to be able", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 73, "answer": "to put", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 74, "answer": "to practice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 75, "answer": "to prefer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 76, "answer": "to turn on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 77, "answer": "to prepare", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 78, "answer": "to want", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 79, "answer": "to receive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 80, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 81, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 82, "answer": "to review", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 83, "answer": "to repeat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 84, "answer": "to break", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 85, "answer": "to know, to know how", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 86, "answer": "to leave, to exit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 87, "answer": "to follow, to continue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 88, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 89, "answer": "to serve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 90, "answer": "to smile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 91, "answer": "to go up, to ascend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 92, "answer": "to have", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 93, "answer": "to have to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 94, "answer": "to finish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 95, "answer": "to throw", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 96, "answer": "to touch, to play (an instrument)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 97, "answer": "to take", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 98, "answer": "to work", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 99, "answer": "to try to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 100, "answer": "to use", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 101, "answer": "to sell", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 102, "answer": "to come", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 103, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 104, "answer": "to travel", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 105, "answer": "to live", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 106, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 107, "answer": "to vote", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "9.13 1. to open 2. to have just 3. to accept 4. to save (money) 5. to have lunch 6. to turn off 7. to appear 8. to learn 9. to arrange, to fix 10. to dance 11. to go down, to descend 12. to drink 13. to change 14. to walk 15. to sing 16. to celebrate 17. to close 18. to cook 19. to eat 20. to share 21. to buy 22. to understand 23. to answer 24. to run 25. to cross 26. to owe, should, must, ought to 27. to decide 28. to stop (doing something) 29. to rest 30. to describe 31. to return (an object) 32. to draw 33. to enjoy 34. to turn, to fold 35. to sleep 36. to begin 37. to find 38. to understand 39. to enter 40. to write 41. to listen to 42. to be 43. to study 44. to explain 45. to sign 46. to smoke 47. to win 48. to enjoy 49. to speak 50. to do, to make 51. to go 52. to play 53. to read 54. to clean 55. to arrive 56. to fill 57. to wear, to carry 58. to cry 59. to drive 60. to dial, to mark 61. to lie 62. to put in 63. to look at, to watch 64. to swim 65. to need 66. to hear 67. to stop 68. to pass, to spend (time) 69. to think 70. to lose 71. to paint 72. to be able 73. to put 74. to practice 75. to prefer 76. to turn on 77. to prepare 78. to want 79. to receive 80. to remember 81. to return 82. to review 83. to repeat 84. to break 85. to know, to know how 86. to leave, to exit 87. to follow, to continue 88. to be 89. to serve 90. to smile 91. to go up, to ascend 92. to have 93. to have to (do something) 94. to finish 95. to throw 96. to touch, to play (an instrument) 97. to take 98. to work 99. to try to (do something) 100. to use 101. to sell 102. to come 103. to see 104. to travel 105. to live 106. to return 107. to vote", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to open", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to have just", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to accept", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to save (money)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to have lunch", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to turn off", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to appear", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to learn", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to arrange, to fix", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to dance", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to go down, to descend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to drink", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to change", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to sing", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to celebrate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to close", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to cook", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to eat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to share", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to buy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to answer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to run", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to cross", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to owe, should, must, ought to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to decide", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to stop (doing something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to rest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to describe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to return (an object)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to draw", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to turn, to fold", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to sleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to understand", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to enter", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to write", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to listen to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to study", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to explain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to sign", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to smoke", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to win", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to enjoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to speak", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to do, to make", "alternates": []}, {"number": 51, "answer": "to go", "alternates": []}, {"number": 52, "answer": "to play", "alternates": []}, {"number": 53, "answer": "to read", "alternates": []}, {"number": 54, "answer": "to clean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 55, "answer": "to arrive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 56, "answer": "to fill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 57, "answer": "to wear, to carry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 58, "answer": "to cry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 59, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 60, "answer": "to dial, to mark", "alternates": []}, {"number": 61, "answer": "to lie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 62, "answer": "to put in", "alternates": []}, {"number": 63, "answer": "to look at, to watch", "alternates": []}, {"number": 64, "answer": "to swim", "alternates": []}, {"number": 65, "answer": "to need", "alternates": []}, {"number": 66, "answer": "to hear", "alternates": []}, {"number": 67, "answer": "to stop", "alternates": []}, {"number": 68, "answer": "to pass, to spend (time)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 69, "answer": "to think", "alternates": []}, {"number": 70, "answer": "to lose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 71, "answer": "to paint", "alternates": []}, {"number": 72, "answer": "to be able", "alternates": []}, {"number": 73, "answer": "to put", "alternates": []}, {"number": 74, "answer": "to practice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 75, "answer": "to prefer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 76, "answer": "to turn on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 77, "answer": "to prepare", "alternates": []}, {"number": 78, "answer": "to want", "alternates": []}, {"number": 79, "answer": "to receive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 80, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"number": 81, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"number": 82, "answer": "to review", "alternates": []}, {"number": 83, "answer": "to repeat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 84, "answer": "to break", "alternates": []}, {"number": 85, "answer": "to know, to know how", "alternates": []}, {"number": 86, "answer": "to leave, to exit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 87, "answer": "to follow, to continue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 88, "answer": "to be", "alternates": []}, {"number": 89, "answer": "to serve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 90, "answer": "to smile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 91, "answer": "to go up, to ascend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 92, "answer": "to have", "alternates": []}, {"number": 93, "answer": "to have to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 94, "answer": "to finish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 95, "answer": "to throw", "alternates": []}, {"number": 96, "answer": "to touch, to play (an instrument)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 97, "answer": "to take", "alternates": []}, {"number": 98, "answer": "to work", "alternates": []}, {"number": 99, "answer": "to try to (do something)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 100, "answer": "to use", "alternates": []}, {"number": 101, "answer": "to sell", "alternates": []}, {"number": 102, "answer": "to come", "alternates": []}, {"number": 103, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"number": 104, "answer": "to travel", "alternates": []}, {"number": 105, "answer": "to live", "alternates": []}, {"number": 106, "answer": "to return", "alternates": []}, {"number": 107, "answer": "to vote", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to open 2. to have just 3. to accept 4. to save (money) 5. to have lunch 6. to turn off 7. to appear 8. to learn 9. to arrange, to fix 10. to dance 11. to go down, to descend 12. to drink 13. to change 14. to walk 15. to sing 16. to celebrate 17. to close 18. to cook 19. to eat 20. to share 21. to buy 22. to understand 23. to answer 24. to run 25. to cross 26. to owe, should, must, ought to 27. to decide 28. to stop (doing something) 29. to rest 30. to describe 31. to return (an object) 32. to draw 33. to enjoy 34. to turn, to fold 35. to sleep 36. to begin 37. to find 38. to understand 39. to enter 40. to write 41. to listen to 42. to be 43. to study 44. to explain 45. to sign 46. to smoke 47. to win 48. to enjoy 49. to speak 50. to do, to make 51. to go 52. to play 53. to read 54. to clean 55. to arrive 56. to fill 57. to wear, to carry 58. to cry 59. to drive 60. to dial, to mark 61. to lie 62. to put in 63. to look at, to watch 64. to swim 65. to need 66. to hear 67. to stop 68. to pass, to spend (time) 69. to think 70. to lose 71. to paint 72. to be able 73. to put 74. to practice 75. to prefer 76. to turn on 77. to prepare 78. to want 79. to receive 80. to remember 81. to return 82. to review 83. to repeat 84. to break 85. to know, to know how 86. to leave, to exit 87. to follow, to continue 88. to be 89. to serve 90. to smile 91. to go up, to ascend 92. to have 93. to have to (do something) 94. to finish 95. to throw 96. to touch, to play (an instrument) 97. to take 98. to work 99. to try to (do something) 100. to use 101. to sell 102. to come 103. to see 104. to travel 105. to live 106. to return 107. to vote"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El trabajo"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No voy al trabajo hoy, ni mañana, ni pasado mañana. No tengo ganas. Mi oficina es demasiado oscura. Cuando entro, finjo que estoy bien y que entiendo como funcionan todas las máquinas que están allí, pero en realidad, no entiendo nada. El cambio de un año a otro es impresionante. Ahora no hay espacio ni para mis plantas ni para mis fotos. Hay una computadora encima de la mesa y una impresora entre la máquina de facsímile y la contestadora. El papel está debajo de la mesa; mis plumas y mis lápices están al lado de la computadora. Yo sé que tengo que aprender a usar todo para tener éxito en este nuevo mundo de la tecnología."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Durante el día, si mi jefe quiere hablar conmigo, él no sale de su oficina. (Él está a solo veinte pasos de mi oficina.) Ya no habla conmigo cara a cara. ¡No! Él manda un correo electrónico desde su oficina. Ya no escucho su voz bella y expresiva. Ya no viene a mi cuartito para conversar conmigo, ni discutimos las noticias del día, ni tomamos un café juntos. Ahora él no busca razones para venir a mi oficina."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Son las doce. Ahora él prepara las facturas y los depósitos para la semana. Almuerza rápidamente para volver a su computadora. Casi no descansa. Todos los empleados salen a las cinco, pero él siempre trabaja hasta las seis. Tengo mucho que hacer en la casa, pero si hago un gran esfuerzo, puedo terminar antes de las cinco. Al fin y al cabo, no voy a llamar a la oficina; es mejor ir a saludar a mis colegas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar", "conversar", "discutir", "fingir", "funcionar", "to look for", "to converse", "to discuss", "to pretend", "to function,", "llamar", "mandar", "saludar", "to call", "to send", "to greet"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "buscar", "back": "to look for"}, {"front": "llamar", "back": "to call"}, {"front": "conversar", "back": "to converse"}, {"front": "mandar", "back": "to send"}, {"front": "discutir", "back": "to discuss"}, {"front": "saludar", "back": "to greet"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 149, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0149-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el cambio", "the change", "la computadora", "the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "el cambio", "back": "the change"}, {"front": "el correo", "back": "e-mail"}, {"front": "la contestadora", "back": "the answering"}, {"front": "el cuartito", "back": "the little room"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 149, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice"], "ocrConfidence": 0.92, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "el depósito", "back": "the deposit"}, {"front": "la máquina", "back": "the fax machine"}, {"front": "el esfuerzo", "back": "the effort"}, {"front": "el mundo", "back": "the world"}, {"front": "el espacio", "back": "the space"}, {"front": "las noticias", "back": "the news"}, {"front": "la factura", "back": "the invoice, bill"}, {"front": "la razón", "back": "the reason"}, {"front": "la impresora", "back": "the printer"}, {"front": "la voz", "back": "the voice"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["impresionante", "Oscuro", "impressive", "dark"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8617021276595744, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "impresionante", "back": "impressive"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0150-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrou", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8617021276595744, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 150, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al trabajo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Quiere ella aprender todo lo necesario de la tecnología?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo es su relación con su jefe?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿En qué piensa Isabel durante el día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué va a hacer a las cinco?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel está contenta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch10", "number": 10, "title": "The Indirect Object", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Gustar and the Indirect Object"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gustar means to be pleasing to and is used to express the idea of liking in Spanish."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Me gusta and me gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun that means to me. In Spanish, there is no exact translation of I like. Compare the English construction with the Spanish construction."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Singular Noun as the Subject"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0153-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "I like this class.", "Me gusta esta clase.", "To me is pleasing this class"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "English Construction", "back": "I like this class."}, {"front": "Spanish Construction", "back": "Me gusta esta clase."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 153, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta clase is a singular noun—the subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gusta is the verb and agrees with the singular subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun—the person to whom the action is occurring."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0153-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gusta la música.", "Me gusta el libro.", "Me gusta esta idea.", "Me gusta la cerveza.", "Me gusta el chocolate.", "The music is pleasing to me", "The book is pleasing to me.", "This idea is pleasing to me.", "The beer is pleasing to me.", "Chocolate is pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Me gusta la música.", "back": "The music is pleasing to me"}, {"front": "Me gusta el libro.", "back": "The book is pleasing to me."}, {"front": "Me gusta esta idea.", "back": "This idea is pleasing to me."}, {"front": "Me gusta la cerveza.", "back": "The beer is pleasing to me."}, {"front": "Me gusta el chocolate.", "back": "Chocolate is pleasing to me."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 153, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In the Spanish construction, subjects retain their articles (el, la, los, las) even when the English translation doesn’t include them (for exam-ple, el chocolate, English Chocolate —not The chocolate— in the example above)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Practicing Orally"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is essential to practice orally me gusta and all the forms to follow. The more you practice, the more natural it becomes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Plural Noun as the Subject"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the subject of the sentence is a plural noun, gusta becomes gustan to agree with the plural subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "I like the books.", "Me gustan los libros.", "To me are pleasing the books"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "English Construction", "back": "I like the books."}, {"front": "Spanish Construction", "back": "Me gustan los libros."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Los libros is the plural noun—the subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Gustan is the verb and agrees with the plural subject."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me is the indirect object pronoun—the person to whom the action is occurring."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gustan las fiestas.", "Me gustan los deportes.", "Me gustan los perros.", "The parties are pleasing to me", "Sports are pleasing to me.", "Dogs are pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Me gustan las fiestas.", "back": "The parties are pleasing to me"}, {"front": "Me gustan los deportes.", "back": "Sports are pleasing to me."}, {"front": "Me gustan los perros.", "back": "Dogs are pleasing to me."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Verb as the Subject"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta is also used when the subject is a verb. The verb form is the infinitive, no matter what the English translation is. When an infinitive is the subject, the singular gusta is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0154-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "Me gusta comer:", "Me gusta bailar:", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Me gusta escribir y leer.", "I like to swim.", "Me gusta nadar:", "To me is pleasing to swim.", "To eat is pleasing to me.", "To dance is pleasing to me.", "To go to the movies is pleasing to me", "To write and to read are pleasing", "to me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 154, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Gusta remains singular even if it is followed by a series of verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only forms of gustar that you will need are the third-person singular, gusta, and the third-person plural, gustan."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, simply place no before the indirect object."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me gustan las cucarachas.", "No me gusta cocinar.", "Cockroaches are not pleasing to me", "To cook is not pleasing to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "No me gustan las cucarachas.", "back": "Cockroaches are not pleasing to me"}, {"front": "No me gusta cocinar.", "back": "To cook is not pleasing to me."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the subject of the sentence is a singular noun or a verb, use gusta."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta el hotel."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta viajar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the subject is a plural noun, use gustan."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gustan las vacaciones."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• If the sentence is negative, place no before the indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No me gustan los ratones."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Te gusta and te gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Te is the indirect object pronoun that means to you. When you use te, you are speaking in the familiar tú form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "You like his car.", "Te gusta su carro.", "To you is pleasing his car"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "English Construction", "back": "You like his car."}, {"front": "Spanish Construction", "back": "Te gusta su carro."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0155-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Singular Noun as the Subject", "Te gusta mi idea.", "¿Te gusta la puesta del sol?", "¿Te gusta el teatro?", "¿Te gusta España?", "Plural Noun as the Subject", "Te gustan las flores rojas.", "¿Te gustan las lecciones?", "¿ Te gustan tus cursos?", "Verb as the Subject", "Te gusta viajar:", "Te gusta descansar.", "Te gusta cantar y bailar.", "My idea is pleasing to you.", "Is the sunset pleasing to you?", "Is theater pleasing to you?", "Is Spain pleasing to you?", "Red flowers are pleasing to you.", "Are the lessons pleasing to you?", "Are your courses pleasing to you?", "To travel is pleasing to you.", "To rest is pleasing to you.", "To sing and dance is pleasing to you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 155, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Le gusta and le gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Le is the indirect object pronoun that means to him (a él), to her (a ella), or to you (a Ud.)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "He likes the wine.", "Le gusta el vino.", "To him is pleasing the wine"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "English Construction", "back": "He likes the wine."}, {"front": "Spanish Construction", "back": "Le gusta el vino."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because le means to him, to her, and to you, it can have any of the following meanings."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to him."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to her."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The wine is pleasing to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To clarify this ambiguity, the sentence must begin with a prepositional phrase that clarifies the meaning of the indirect object pronoun le."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A él le gusta el vino.", "A él le gusta cantar:", "A él le gustan los libros.", "A ella le gusta el vino rosado.", "A ella le gusta escribir cartas.", "A ella le gustan las montañas.", "A Ud. le gusta la cerveza.", "A Ud. le gusta tomar un", "descanso.", "A Ud. le gustan las playas.", "The wine is pleasing to him.", "Singing is pleasing to him.", "Books are pleasing to him.", "Rosé wine is pleasing to her.", "Writing letters is pleasing to her.", "The mountains are pleasing to her", "The beer is pleasing to you.", "To take a break is pleasing to you.", "Beaches are pleasing to you."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can also insert proper names and nouns in the prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A Fernando le gusta la verdad.", "A María le gusta bailar", "A Roberto le gustan los carros", "nuevos.", "The truth is pleasing to Fernando", "To dance is pleasing to Maria.", "New cars are pleasing to Robert."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9838709677419355, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "A Fernando le gusta la verdad.", "back": "The truth is pleasing to Fernando"}, {"front": "A María le gusta bailar", "back": "To dance is pleasing to Maria."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Singular nouns can be inserted in the prepositional phrases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0156-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A la mujer le gusta leer:", "Al hombre le gusta cocinar.", "To read is pleasing to the woman", "To cook is pleasing to the man."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "A la mujer le gusta leer:", "back": "To read is pleasing to the woman"}, {"front": "Al hombre le gusta cocinar.", "back": "To cook is pleasing to the man."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 156, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nos gusta and nos gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos is the indirect object pronoun that means to us."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "We like to speak Spanish.", "Nos gusta hablar español.", "To us is pleasing to speak Spanish.", "Nos gusta la torta de chocolate.", "Chocolate cake is pleasing to us.", "Nos gusta comer en el parque.", "To eat in the park is pleasing to us", "Nos gustan nuestros maestros.", "Our teachers are pleasing to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Les gusta and les gustan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Les is the indirect object pronoun that means to them (a ellos, a ellas) and to you (a Uds.)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "Spanish Construction", "They like the film.", "Les gusta la película.", "To them is pleasing the film"], "ocrConfidence": 0.975609756097561, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "English Construction", "back": "They like the film."}, {"front": "Spanish Construction", "back": "Les gusta la película."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because les means both to them and to you, the meaning of this sentence can be either of the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The film is pleasing to them."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The film is pleasing to you (pl.)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To clarify this ambiguity, the sentence must begin with a prepositional phrase that clarifies the meaning of les."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A Uds. les gusta el café negro?", "¿A Uds. les gusta el presidente?", "A ellas les gustan los hoteles.", "A ellos les gusta dormir bien.", "Is black coffee pleasing to you?", "Is the president pleasing to you?", "Hotels are pleasing to them.", "To sleep well is pleasing to them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "¿A Uds. les gusta el café negro?", "back": "Is black coffee pleasing to you?"}, {"front": "¿A Uds. les gusta el presidente?", "back": "Is the president pleasing to you?"}, {"front": "A ellas les gustan los hoteles.", "back": "Hotels are pleasing to them."}, {"front": "A ellos les gusta dormir bien.", "back": "To sleep well is pleasing to them."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nouns and proper names can be inserted in the prepositional phrases."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0157-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A Sara y Enrique les gusta", "nadar.", "A los niños les gustan los", "juguetes.", "A las niñas les gustan las", "lecciones.", "To swim is pleasing to Sara and", "Henry.", "Toys are pleasing to the children", "The lessons are pleasing to the", "girls."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 157, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you want to add emphasis to the constructions of me gusta and te gusta, add a mí, which emphasizes me, and a ti, which emphasizes te."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0158-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A mí me gusta el café.", "A ti te gusta el vino.", "Coffee is pleasing to me", "Wine is pleasing to you."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8688524590163934, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "A mí me gusta el café.", "back": "Coffee is pleasing to me"}, {"front": "A ti te gusta el vino.", "back": "Wine is pleasing to you."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 158, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no ambiguity in these examples. A mí and a ti give the feeling of the emphasized pronoun in English: I like coffee. You like wine."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.1", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans1", "instruction": "Pronounce the examples aloud so you can become familiar with the sound.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al"], "ocrLines": ["Singular Subject", "Singular Subject", "Me gusta el hotel.", "Me gusta viajar.", "Te gusta la clase.", "Te gusta correr.", "Le gusta el libro.", "Le gusta escribir.", "Nos gusta la comida.", "Nos gusta comer.", "Les gusta el programa.", "Les gusta leer.", "Plural Subject", "Me gustan los hoteles.", "Te gustan las clases.", "Le gustan los libros.", "Nos gustan las comidas.", "Les gustan los programas", "el cambio", "the change", "la computadora the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice", "el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz.", "impresionante", "oscuro", "impressive", "dark", "al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrow", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al", "trabajo?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "10.1 Pronunciation exercise only.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": false, "raw": "Pronunciation exercise only."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.2", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences. Choose the correct indirect object pronoun, as indicated by the prepositional phrase in parentheses, then choose either gusta or gustan, depending on whether the subject is singular or plural.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. (A mí) ___________________ el café con azúcar.", "2. (A ella) ___________________ el café negro.", "3. (A María) ___________________ el té.", "4. (A mí) ___________________ escribir libros.", "5. (A mis amigos) ___________________ cocinar.", "6. (A Susana y a Miguel) ___________________ viajar.", "7. (A ellos) ___________________ comer en buenos restaurantes.", "8. (A mí) ___________________ ir al teatro.", "9. (A ti) ___________________ ir al cine.", "10. (A nosotros) ___________________ salir los sábados.", "11. (A Guillermo) ___________________ los restaurantes japoneses.", "12. (A su amiga) ___________________ los restaurantes hindúes.", "13. (A Uds.) ___________________ los restaurantes franceses.", "14. (A mí) ___________________ las playas del Caribe.", "15. (A ti) ___________________ las piscinas grandes.", "16. (A tu hermana) ___________________ la ciudad.", "17. (Al hermano de José) ___________________ el campo.", "18. (A nosotros) ___________________ viajar.", "19. (A Cecilia y a su familia) ___________________ conversar.", "20. (A los niños) ___________________ aprender todo.", "21. (A los adolescentes) ___________________ jugar deportes.", "22. ¿(A Uds.) ___________________ el alcalde de su ciudad?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "(A mí)", "me gusta", "- el helado.", "(A él) le gustan", "_ las galletas.", "(A nosotros)", "nos gusta", ", el postre", "el cambio", "the change", "la computadora the computer", "la contestadora", "the answering", "machine", "el correo", "electrónico", "el cuartito", "e-mail", "the little room", "(-ito makes the", "room smaller)", "the fax machine", "the world", "the news", "the reason", "the voice", "el depósito", "el empleado", "el esfuerzo", "el espacio", "la factura", "la impresora", "el jefe", "the deposit", "the worker", "the effort", "the space", "the invoice, bill", "the printer", "the boss", "la máquina", "de facsímile", "el mundo", "las noticias", "la razón", "la voz.", "impresionante", "oscuro", "impressive", "dark", "al fin y al cabo", "cara a cara", "está a sólo veinte pasos", "pasado mañana", "tengo mucho que hacer", "todo lo necesario", "after all", "face to face, in person", "he is only twenty steps away", "the day after tomorrow", "I have a lot to do", "all that is necessary", "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in", "Spanish.", "1. ¿Dónde está Isabel al empezar este cuento? ¿Por qué no quiere ir al", "trabajo?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "te gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "les gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "me gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "te gustan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.2 1. me gusta 2. le gusta 3. le gusta 4. me gusta 5. les gusta 6. les gusta 7. les gusta 8. me gusta 9. te gusta 10. nos gusta 11. le gustan 12. le gustan 13. les gustan 14. me gustan 15. te gustan 16. le gusta 17. le gusta 18. nos gusta 19. les gusta 20. les gusta 21. les gusta 22. les gusta", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "te gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "le gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "les gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "me gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "te gustan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "le gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "nos gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "les gusta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me gusta 2. le gusta 3. le gusta 4. me gusta 5. les gusta 6. les gusta 7. les gusta 8. me gusta 9. te gusta 10. nos gusta 11. le gustan 12. le gustan 13. les gustan 14. me gustan 15. te gustan 16. le gusta 17. le gusta 18. nos gusta 19. les gusta 20. les gusta 21. les gusta 22. les gusta"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs like gustar"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have just learned a very important form, not only to express the idea of I like, but for other verbs as well. The following verbs are used with an indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "agradar to be pleasing to (very close in meaning to gustar)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0159-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ No te agrada nadar?", "Me agrada vivir en el campo.", "Isn't swimming pleasing to you?", "To live in the country is pleasing", "to me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿ No te agrada nadar?", "back": "Isn't swimming pleasing to you?"}, {"front": "Me agrada vivir en el campo.", "back": "To live in the country is pleasing"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 159, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "convenir to suit someone, to be convenient (for)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0159-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te conviene tomar ese trabajo?", "No nos conviene viajar ahora.", "Does it suit you to take that job:", "It does not suit us to travel now."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Te conviene tomar ese trabajo?", "back": "Does it suit you to take that job:"}, {"front": "No nos conviene viajar ahora.", "back": "It does not suit us to travel now."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 159, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "doler to be painful, to hurt"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me duele la cabeza.", "Te duelen los dientes.", "¿A Uds. les duelen los pies si", "My head hurts me.", "Your teeth hurt you.", "Do your feet hurt you if you walk"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8333333333333334, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Me duele la cabeza.", "back": "My head hurts me."}, {"front": "Te duelen los dientes.", "back": "Your teeth hurt you."}, {"front": "¿A Uds. les duelen los pies si", "back": "Do your feet hurt you if you walk"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In Spanish, the possessive adjective is not used with parts of the body and the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "encantar to be enchanting to, to like very much"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Le encanta viajar.", "Le encanta visitar España.", "To travel is enchanting to him.", "(He loves traveling.)", "To visit Spain is enchanting to him"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Le encanta viajar.", "back": "To travel is enchanting to him."}, {"front": "Le encanta visitar España.", "back": "To visit Spain is enchanting to him"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Encantar is much stronger than gustar. Encantar cannot be used in the negative."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "faltar to be lacking (something), to be missing (something)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["A ellos les falta disciplina.", "Aquí falta luz.", "They lack discipline.", "Here there is no light"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "A ellos les falta disciplina.", "back": "They lack discipline."}, {"front": "Aquí falta luz.", "back": "Here there is no light"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Faltar can be used without the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0160-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fascinar to fascinate, to be fascinating (to)", "Nos fascina el baile flamenco.", "Me fascinan estos dibujos.", "hacer falta to need (something)", "Me hace falta tomar unas", "vacaciones.", "Flamenco dance fascinates us.", "These drawings are fascinating to me", "I need to take a vacation.", "importar to be important to, to matter", "No me importa.", "A Sandra le importan sus", "It is not important to me.", "Sandra's friends are important to her", "amigos.", "No importa.", "It doesn't matter. / Never mind.", "NOTE: Importar can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "interesar to be interesting (to)", "Les interesa estudiar.", "Me interesa ir a museos.", "To study is interesting to them.", "It interests me to go to museums."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 160, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0161-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["molestar to bother, to annoy", "¿Le molesta si alguien fuma?", "A él no le molesta nada.", "Does it bother you if someone", "smokes?", "Nothing bothers him.", "parecer to seem, to appear to be", "Me parce que es una buena", "It seems to me that it is a good", "escuela.", "school.", "Parece que va a llover:", "It seems that it is going to rain.", "NOTE: Parecer can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "quedar to be left over, to remain", "Nos quedan veinte minutos.", "We have 20 minutes left.", "No me queda mucho dinero.", "I don't have much money left.", "¿Cuantas paginas nos quedan", "How many pages are left for us", "por leer?", "to read?", "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be.", "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)", "Me sobra comida para mañana.", "I have more than enough food", "for tomorrow.", "tocarle a alguien to be someone's turn", "Cada vez que me toca a mí, gano.", "Cada vez que le toca a él, pierde.", "Every time it's my turn, I win.", "Every time it's his turn, he loses"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuantas paginas nos quedan", "back": "to read?"}, {"front": "How many pages are left for us", "back": "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be."}, {"front": "por leer?", "back": "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 161, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.3", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositional phrase, according to the words in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ________________ le gusta el tenis. (to her)", "2. ¿ ________________ le gustan todos los deportes? (to you)", "3. ________________ me gusta leer, pero me encanta escribir. (to me)", "4. Yo sé que ________________ te gusta estudiar, pero ________________ les gusta ir a fiestas. (to you/to them)", "5. Parece que ________________ le gusta cocinar. (to no one)", "6. ¿ ________________ le gusta limpiar su apartamento? (to whom)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "A él", "le gusta nadar. (to him)", "fascinar to fascinate, to be fascinating (to)", "Nos fascina el baile flamenco.", "Me fascinan estos dibujos.", "Flamenco dance fascinates us.", "These drawings are fascinating to me.", "hacer falta to need (something)", "Me hace falta tomar unas", "vacaciones.", "I need to take a vacation.", "importar to be important to, to matter", "No me importa.", "A Sandra le importan sus", "It is not important to me.", "Sandra's friends are important to her.", "amigos.", "No importa.", "It doesn't matter. / Never mind.", "NOTE: Importar can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "interesar to be interesting (to)", "Les interesa estudiar.", "Me interesa ir a museos.", "To study is interesting to them.", "It interests me to go to museums."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "A ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "A Ud", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "A mí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "a ti, a ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A quién", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.3 1. A ella 2. A Ud. 3. A mí 4. a ti, a ellos 5. a nadie 6. A quién", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "A ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "A Ud", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "A mí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "a ti, a ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A quién", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. A ella 2. A Ud. 3. A mí 4. a ti, a ellos 5. a nadie 6. A quién"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.4", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans4", "instruction": "Change the following singular sentences to plural. Make sure both the subject and the verb are plural. The indirect object pronoun will remain the same.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Les encanta ese carro rojo. _________________", "2. Te agrada el programa. _________________", "3. Me gusta la silla. _________________", "4. Nos importa nuestro amigo. _________________", "5. Le fascina esa computadora. _________________"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Me gusta su idea.", "Me gustan sus ideas.", "molestar to bother, to annoy", "¿ Le molesta si alguien fuma?", "A él no le molesta nada.", "Does it bother you if someone", "smokes?", "Nothing bothers him.", "parecer to seem, to appear to be", "Me parce que es una buena", "It seems to me that it is a good", "escuela.", "school.", "Parece que va a llover.", "It seems that it is going to rain.", "NOTE: Parecer can be used without the indirect object pronoun.", "quedar to be left over, to remain", "Nos quedan veinte minutos.", "We have 20 minutes left.", "No me queda mucho dinero.", "I don't have much money left.", "¿Cuántas páginas nos quedan", "How many pages are left for us", "por leer?", "to read?", "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be.", "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)", "Me sobra comida para mañana.", "I have more than enough food", "for tomorrow.", "tocarle a alguien to be someone's turn", "Cada vez que me toca a mí, gano.", "Cada vez que le toca a él, pierde.", "Every time it's my turn, I win.", "Every time it's his turn, he loses.", "• Exercise 10.3", "Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositional phrase,", "according to the words in parentheses.", "A él le gusta nadar. (to him)", "le gusta el tenis. (to her)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Les encantan esos carros rojos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Te agradan los programas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Me gustan las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Nos importan nuestros amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Le fascinan esas computadoras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.4 1. Les encantan esos carros rojos. 2. Te agradan los programas. 3. Me gustan las sillas. 4. Nos importan nuestros amigos. 5. Le fascinan esas computadoras.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Les encantan esos carros rojos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Te agradan los programas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Me gustan las sillas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Nos importan nuestros amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Le fascinan esas computadoras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Les encantan esos carros rojos. 2. Te agradan los programas. 3. Me gustan las sillas. 4. Nos importan nuestros amigos. 5. Le fascinan esas computadoras."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.5", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Me gusta viajar. Traveling / To travel is pleasing to me."], "prompts": ["1. A Susana le duele la cabeza. _________________", "2. Me falta un lápiz con que escribir. _________________", "3. ¿Por qué no te gusta bailar? _________________", "4. Nos fascinan los viajes exóticos. _________________", "5. A ella le interesan las noticias del día.", "6. ¿A Ud. le molesta su perfume? _________________", "7. ¿A Uds. les importan las lecciones? _________________", "8. ¿Te conviene seguir tus estudios este año? _________________", "9. A él no le gusta manejar en la lluvia. _________________", "10. A ella no le gusta el clima caliente. _________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Susan’s head hurts", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I lack a pencil with which to write", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Exotic trips enchant us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "News of the day is interesting to her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Does her perfume bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Are the lessons important to you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Hot weather is not pleasing to her", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.5 1. Susan’s head hurts. 2. I lack a pencil with which to write. 3. Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you? 4. Exotic trips enchant us. 5. News of the day is interesting to her. 6. Does her perfume bother you? 7. Are the lessons important to you? 8. Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year? 9. To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him. 10. Hot weather is not pleasing to her.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Susan’s head hurts", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I lack a pencil with which to write", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Exotic trips enchant us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "News of the day is interesting to her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Does her perfume bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Are the lessons important to you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Hot weather is not pleasing to her", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Susan’s head hurts. 2. I lack a pencil with which to write. 3. Why isn’t dancing pleasing to you? 4. Exotic trips enchant us. 5. News of the day is interesting to her. 6. Does her perfume bother you? 7. Are the lessons important to you? 8. Is it convenient for you to continue your studies this year? 9. To drive in the rain is not pleasing to him. 10. Hot weather is not pleasing to her."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.6", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A Ud. le duele la cabeza después de trabajar todo el día?", "2. ¿Qué les conviene estudiar ahora?", "3. ¿Cuántos libros nos quedan por leer?", "4. ¿Por qué a Uds. les fascina hablar español?", "5. ¿Les gustan los carros grandes que usan mucha gasolina?", "6. ¿Te interesa la tecnología?", "7. ¿Qué le encanta hacer?", "8. En su familia, ¿a quién le gusta jugar al baloncesto? ¿A quién le gusta bailar?", "9. ¿Te importa saber de la política?", "10. ¿A Uds. les fascina viajar?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "10.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Indirect Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the indirect object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0163-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "nos", "os", "les", "a Ud.", "aél", "a ella", "a Uds.", "a ellos", "a ellas", "to me", "to you (sing., familiar)", "to you (sing., formal)", "to him", "to her", "to us", "to you (pl., familiar; used only in Spain)", "to you (pl., formal)", "to them (m.)", "to them (f.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 163, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "So far, you have learned the indirect object with verbs like gustar. Now make sure you know what an indirect object is in other sentences as well. For example, I give the gift to him. In this sentence, to him is the indirect object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object receives the action of the verb indirectly. It answers questions about to whom or for whom an action is done."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to have an indirect object in a sentence, there must be a direct object, either real or implied. In the example above, the gift is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of the indirect object is to me, to you, to him, to her, to us, to them."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Indirect Objects"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Be sure to practice the indirect object orally as much as you can. The structure of Spanish and English is quite different here, so take your time and practice."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that commonly take indirect objects follow."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cobrar to charge (money)", "yo cobro", "nosotros cobramos", "tú cobras", "vosotros cobráis", "Ud. cobra Uds. cobran", "contar to relate, to tell a story,", "to count; contar con to count on,", "to rely on", "yo cuento", "tú cuentas", "él cuenta", "nosotros contamos", "vosotros contáis", "ellos cuentan", "dar to give", "yo doy", "tú das", "él da", "nosotros damos", "vosotros dais", "ellos dan", "enseñar to teach", "yo enseño nosotros enseñamos", "tú enseñas vosotros enseñáis", "Ud. enseña Uds. enseñan", "hacer to do, to make", "yo hago", "nosotros hacemos", "tú haces", "vosotros hacéis", "Ud. hace", "Uds. hacen", "comprar to buy", "yo compro", "tú compras", "él compra", "nosotros compramos", "vosotros compráis", "ellos compran", "contestar to answer", "yo contesto", "nosotros contestamos", "tú contestas", "vosotros contestáis", "ella contesta ellas contestan", "decir to say, to tell", "yo digo", "nosotros decimos", "tú dices", "vosotros decís", "ella dice", "ellas dicen", "enviar to send", "yo envio", "tú envías", "él envía", "nosotros enviamos", "vosotros enviáis", "ellos envían", "preguntar to ask (a question)", "yo pregunto", "nosotros preguntamos", "tú preguntas vosotros preguntáis", "él pregunta", "ellos preguntan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "yo cobro", "back": "nosotros cobramos"}, {"front": "yo compro", "back": "nosotros compramos"}, {"front": "tú cobras", "back": "vosotros cobráis"}, {"front": "tú compras", "back": "vosotros compráis"}, {"front": "yo cuento", "back": "nosotros contamos"}, {"front": "yo contesto", "back": "nosotros contestamos"}, {"front": "tú cuentas", "back": "vosotros contáis"}, {"front": "tú contestas", "back": "vosotros contestáis"}, {"front": "yo doy", "back": "nosotros damos"}, {"front": "yo digo", "back": "nosotros decimos"}, {"front": "tú das", "back": "vosotros dais"}, {"front": "tú dices", "back": "vosotros decís"}, {"front": "él da", "back": "ellos dan"}, {"front": "ella dice", "back": "ellas dicen"}, {"front": "yo hago", "back": "nosotros hacemos"}, {"front": "yo pregunto", "back": "nosotros preguntamos"}, {"front": "Ud. hace", "back": "Uds. hacen"}, {"front": "él pregunta", "back": "ellos preguntan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 164, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["prestar to lend", "yo presto", "tú prestas", "ella presta", "vender to sell", "yo vendo", "tú vendes", "ella vende", "nosotros prestamos", "vosotros prestáis", "ellas prestan", "nosotros vendemos", "vosotros vendéis", "ellas venden", "traer to bring", "yo traigo", "tú traes", "Ud. trae", "nosotros traemos", "vosotros traéis", "Uds. traen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo presto", "back": "nosotros prestamos"}, {"front": "yo traigo", "back": "nosotros traemos"}, {"front": "tú prestas", "back": "vosotros prestáis"}, {"front": "tú traes", "back": "vosotros traéis"}, {"front": "ella presta", "back": "ellas prestan"}, {"front": "Ud. trae", "back": "Uds. traen"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Position of the Indirect Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb in a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carlos me escribe una carta.", "Carlos te escribe una carta.", "Yo le escribo una carta.", "Carlos os escribe una carta.", "Yo les escribo una carta.", "Charles writes a letter to me.", "Charles writes a letter to you", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to him.", "I write a letter to her.", "Charles writes a letter to you", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Carlos me escribe una carta.", "back": "Charles writes a letter to me."}, {"front": "Carlos te escribe una carta.", "back": "Charles writes a letter to you"}, {"front": "Yo le escribo una carta.", "back": "I write a letter to him."}, {"front": "Carlos os escribe una carta.", "back": "Charles writes a letter to you"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the indirect object pronoun le is ambiguous. It means to him, to her, to you. Out of context, there is no way to know what the meaning is. So a prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a Ud.", "María le escribe una carta a él.", "María le escribe una carta a ellla..", "Maria writes a letter to you.", "Maria writes a letter to him", "Maria urites a letter to her"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "María le escribe una carta a Ud.", "back": "Maria writes a letter to you."}, {"front": "María le escribe una carta a él.", "back": "Maria writes a letter to him"}, {"front": "María le escribe una carta a ellla..", "back": "Maria urites a letter to her"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember also that a proper noun can be inserted in the clarifying prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0165-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a Juan.", "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", "Maria writes a letter to John.", "Maria writes a letter to Susana"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "María le escribe una carta a Juan.", "back": "Maria writes a letter to John."}, {"front": "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", "back": "Maria writes a letter to Susana"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 165, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun can also be inserted in the prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["María le escribe una carta a su", "hermana.", "María le escribe una carta a mi", "amigo.", "Juan le escribe una carta a su", "padre.", "Tuan le escribe una carta a su", "primo.", "Maria writes a letter to her", "sister.", "Maria writes a letter to my", "friend.", "John writes a letter to his", "father.", "John writes a letter to his", "cousin."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9476744186046512, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like le, les is ambiguous. It means t o you (a Uds.) and to them (a ellos, a ellas). A prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning. A proper noun or a noun can also be used as a clarifier."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Juan les escribe una carta a Uds.", "Juan les escribe una carta a ellas.", "Él les escribe una carta a sus", "hermanos.", "Juan les escribe una carta a Ana", "y José.", "John writes a letter to you.", "John writes a letter to them", "He writes a letter to his", "brothers.", "John writes a letter to Ana", "and Joseph."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9476744186046512, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Juan les escribe una carta a Uds.", "back": "John writes a letter to you."}, {"front": "Juan les escribe una carta a ellas.", "back": "John writes a letter to them"}, {"front": "Él les escribe una carta a sus", "back": "He writes a letter to his"}, {"front": "hermanos.", "back": "brothers."}, {"front": "Juan les escribe una carta a Ana", "back": "John writes a letter to Ana"}, {"front": "y José.", "back": "and Joseph."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With the verbs comprar and hacer, the translation of the indirect object pronoun is for me, for you, for him, for her, for us, for them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0166-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él me compra flores.", "Yo le compro flores a él.", "Te hago un favor.", "He buys flowers for me", "I buy flowers for him.", "I do (for) you a favor."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Él me compra flores.", "back": "He buys flowers for me"}, {"front": "Te hago un favor.", "back": "I do (for) you a favor."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 166, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.7", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans7", "instruction": "Using the new verbs, complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object pronoun. Add clarifiers when necessary.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Julia _______________ dos tarjetas cada semana. (to write/to me)", "2. José y Maria _______________ tarjetas desde Barcelona. (to write/to us)", "3. Carlos _______________ la lección de hoy. (to give/to me)", "4. Yo _______________ si mi tarea está en tu casa. (to ask/you)", "5. Él _______________ que su hermana vive en Nueva York. (to say/to me)", "6. Ella _______________ su bolígrafo. (to lend/to him)", "7. Nosotros _______________ a hablar español. (to teach/ to Ana y José)", "8. Ellos _______________ café con leche a mi oficina. (to bring/to us)", "9. Yo _______________ los resultados de la elección. (to tell/to him)", "10. Yo _______________, “¿Cuánto _______________ Ud.?” (to ask/the cab driver, to charge/me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me escribe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "nos escriben", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me da", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te pregunto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me dice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "le presta a él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "les enseñamos a Ana y José", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nos traen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "le digo a él", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.7 1. me escribe 2. nos escriben 3. me da 4. te pregunto 5. me dice 6. le presta a él 7. les enseñamos a Ana y José 8. nos traen 9. le digo a él 10. le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me escribe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "nos escriben", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me da", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te pregunto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me dice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "le presta a él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "les enseñamos a Ana y José", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nos traen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "le digo a él", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "le pregunto al taxista, me cobra", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me escribe 2. nos escriben 3. me da 4. te pregunto 5. me dice 6. le presta a él 7. les enseñamos a Ana y José 8. nos traen 9. le digo a él 10. le pregunto al taxista, me cobra"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.8", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object pronoun. Notice that these sentences include two verbs. Practice placing the indirect object pronoun directly before the first verb.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Alicia _______________ una alfombra. (to want to give/to me)", "2. El maestro _______________ el francés. (to want to teach/to his students)", "3. Mis primos _______________ un carro para mi cumpleaños. (to be going to buy/for me)", "4. Yo _______________ mi computadora vieja. (to want to sell/to you)", "5. ¿Tienes frío? Yo _______________ una chaqueta. (to be able to bring/to you)", "6. Ud. _______________ la verdad. (ought to tell/him)", "7. ¿Quién _______________ las lecciones de hoy? (to be able to teach/us)", "8. ¿ _______________ Ud. el favor de limpiar mi casa? (to be able to do/for me)", "9. Yo _______________ buenas direcciones, pero no sé donde estoy. (to want to give/to you)", "10. Ellos siempre _______________ cómo estoy. (to ask/me)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Juan", "Juan", "me quiere dar una lámpara. (to want to give/to me)", "me va a dar", "una lámpara. (to be going to give/to me)", "Position of the Indirect Object Pronoun", "The indirect object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a", "sentence or phrase.", "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", "In the first position, the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the", "first verb in a sentence or question.", "Carlos me escribe una carta.", "Carlos te escribe una carta.", "Yo le escribo una carta.", "Carlos os escribe una carta.", "Yo les escribo una carta.", "Charles writes a letter to me.", "Charles writes a letter to you.", "｛", "I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to him.", "I write a letter to her.", "¡ I write a letter to you.", "I write a letter to them.", "Remember that the indirect object pronoun le is ambiguous. It means to", "him, to her, to you. Out of context, there is no way to know what the", "meaning is. So a prepositional phrase is added to clarify the meaning.", "María le escribe una carta a Ud.", "María le escribe una carta a él.", "María le escribe una carta a ella.", "Maria writes a letter to you.", "Maria writes a letter to him.", "Maria writes a letter to her.", "Remember also that a proper noun can be inserted in the clarifying", "prepositional phrase.", "María le escribe una carta a Juan.", "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", "Maria writes a letter to John.", "Maria writes a letter to Susana."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me quiere dar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me van a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "le quiero vender / te quiero vender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te puedo traer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "le debe decir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "nos puede enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Me puede hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "le quiero dar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me preguntan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.8 1. me quiere dar 2. les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes 3. me van a comprar 4. le quiero vender / te quiero vender 5. te puedo traer 6. le debe decir 7. nos puede enseñar 8. Me puede hacer 9. le quiero dar 10. me preguntan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me quiere dar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me van a comprar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "le quiero vender / te quiero vender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te puedo traer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "le debe decir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "nos puede enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Me puede hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "le quiero dar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me preguntan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me quiere dar 2. les quiere enseñar a sus estudiantes 3. me van a comprar 4. le quiero vender / te quiero vender 5. te puedo traer 6. le debe decir 7. nos puede enseñar 8. Me puede hacer 9. le quiero dar 10. me preguntan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the indirect object pronoun is attached to the infinitive if there is an infinitive in the sentence or question."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Let us say, for example, that a sentence includes a phrase that has an infinitive but no other form of a verb. In that type of phrase, any indirect object pronoun must be attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Antes de prestarte dinero,...", "Después de enseñarnos el", "francés,...", "En vez de escribirme una", "carta....", "Before lending you money, ..", "After teaching us French, ....", "Instead of writing a letter to", "me..."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9787234042553191, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Antes de prestarte dinero,...", "back": "Before lending you money, .."}, {"front": "Después de enseñarnos el", "back": "After teaching us French, ...."}, {"front": "En vez de escribirme una", "back": "Instead of writing a letter to"}, {"front": "carta....", "back": "me..."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 168, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In other cases, sentences may include a phrase with more than one verb, one of which is an infinitive. You may also attach an indirect object pronoun to the infinitive in this type of phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0168-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. hacerme el favor", "de cerrar la ventana?", "Pedro quiere darte un libro.", "Vamos a enseñarle a pintar:", "Ella quiere traernos café.", "El niño va a decirles la verdad.", "Can you do me the favor of closing", "the window?", "Peter wants to give you a book.", "We are going to teach him to paint", "She wants to bring coffee to us.", "The boy is going to tell them the", "truth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9787234042553191, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 168, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.9", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences by attaching the indirect object pronoun to the infinitive. Use the words within parentheses as well as the prepositional phrases in the sentences for clarification.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella _______________ un cuento esta noche. (to want to tell/to me)", "2. Patricia _______________ a Ud. su guitarra. (to be going to lend)", "3. ¿Quién _______________ a su familia? (to be going to write)", "4. Nosotros _______________ a sus amigos la casa. (to be going to sell)", "5. Yo _______________ a Uds. mi bicicleta. (to want to lend)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quiere contarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "va a prestarle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "va a escribirle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vamos a venderles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quiero prestarles", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.9 1. quiere contarme 2. va a prestarle 3. va a escribirle 4. vamos a venderles 5. quiero prestarles", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quiere contarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "va a prestarle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "va a escribirle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vamos a venderles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quiero prestarles", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quiere contarme 2. va a prestarle 3. va a escribirle 4. vamos a venderles 5. quiero prestarles"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.10", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans10", "instruction": "Some of the following sentences have two verbs; some have one. Complete the sentences with the correct verb or verbs and indirect object pronoun. The verbs in this lesson are very important, so try to memorize them as you do the following exercise.", "extra": ["Review the positions of the indirect object pronoun.", "• Directly before the first verb", "• Attached to the infinitive", "Whether the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb or is attached to the infinitive, the meaning is exactly the same. Practice the indirect object pronouns and the verbs aloud as much as you can."], "prompts": ["1. Si tienes frío, yo _______________ un suéter. (to give/to you)", "2. El camarero _______________ al hombre un vaso de agua. (to bring/to him)", "3. Manuel _______________ a cocinar. (to want to teach/to us)", "4. Nosotros _______________ el viernes. (to be going to write/to them)", "5. Tú _______________ tus libros todo el tiempo. (to lend/to me)"], "ocrLines": ["Yo te quiero escribir una carta.", "Yo quiero escribirte una carta.", "Él me va a vender un carro.", "Él va a venderme un carro.", "Ellos nos quieren contar un cuento.", "Ellos quieren contarnos un cuento.", "Les debemos decir a Uds. la verdad.", "Debemos decirles a Uds. la verdad", "¿ I want to write you a letter:", "y He is going to sell me a car.", "They want to tell us a story.", "We ought to tell you the truth", "3. Carlos", "4. Yo", "5. 白1", "_ la lección de hoy. (to give/to me)", "si mi tarea está en tu casa. (to ask/you)", "• que su hermana vive en Nueva York. (to say/to", "me)", "6. Ella", "su boligrafo. (to lend/to him)", "7. Nosotros", "_ a hablar español. (to teach/to Ana y Jose)", "8. Ellos", "_ café con leche a mi oficina. (to bring/to us)", "9. Yo", "los resultados de la elección. (to tell/to him)", "10. Yo", "., \"¿Cuánto _", "Ud.?\" (to ask/the", "cab driver, to charge/me)", "'Exercise 10.8", "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb and indirect object", "pronoun. Notice that these sentences include two verbs. Practice placing", "the indirect object pronoun directly before the first verb.", "EXAMPLES", "Juan", "me quiere dar una lámpara. (to want to give/to me)", "me va a dar", "una lámpara. (to be going to give/to me)", "1. Alicia", "2. El maestro", "students)", "3. Mis primos", "going to buy/for me)", "5. ¿ Tienes frío? Yo", "bring/to you)", "6. Ud.", "7. ¿Quién", "teach/us)", "_ una alfombra. (to want to give/to me)", "_ el francés. (to want to teach/to his", ". un carro para mi cumpleaños. (to be", "mi computadora vieja. (to want to sell/to you)", "una chaqueta. (to be able to", "_ la verdad. (ought to tell/him)", "_ las lecciones de hoy? (to be able to"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te doy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "le trae", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me prestas", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.10 1. te doy 2. le trae 3. nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos 4. les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles 5. me prestas", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te doy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "le trae", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me prestas", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te doy 2. le trae 3. nos quiere enseñar / quiere enseñarnos 4. les vamos a escribir / vamos a escribirles 5. me prestas"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.11", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans11", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Me puede decir, ¿por qué a Sandra no le gusta tocar la guitarra?", "2. El amigo de Elena le presta a Ud. sus libros.", "3. Elena le da a su hermano los bolígrafos que él necesita.", "4. Las lecciones de música no son caras. El maestro les cobra a sus estudiantes quince dólares por hora.", "5. Me fascina jugar al tenis, pero más me conviene nadar.", "6. El doctor no está en su consultorio. No sé si quiere hablar conmigo.", "7. Entre tú y yo, tenemos que decidir quien va a contarles a los niños el cuento.", "8. ¿Por qué el abogado les hace preguntas a los testigos si ya sabe las respuestas?", "9. ¿Puede Ud. venderme rápidamente dos maletas? Voy a viajar mañana.", "10. Ella nos quiere llamar el día de acción de gracias.", "11. A ella le gusta celebrar el día del amor y la amistad.", "12. ¿Les conviene tomar sopa de pollo cuando Uds. están enfermos?", "13. Le digo a ella que su idea es buena.", "14. A ella no le gusta el café; su colega siempre le trae el té.", "15. El camarero le trae al hombre un vaso de agua. Él les trae a los jovencitos un vaso de leche."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Elena’s friend lends her books to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "I tell her that her idea is good", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.11 1. Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar? 2. Elena’s friend lends her books to you. 3. Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs. 4. The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour. 5. Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim. 6. The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me. 7. Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story. 8. Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers? 9. Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow. 10. She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day. 11. Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her. 12. Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick? 13. I tell her that her idea is good. 14. Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea. 15. The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Elena’s friend lends her books to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "I tell her that her idea is good", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Can you tell me, why doesn’t Sandra like to play the guitar? 2. Elena’s friend lends her books to you. 3. Elena gives her brother the pens that he needs. 4. The music lessons are not expensive. The teacher charges his students $15 per hour. 5. Playing tennis is fascinating to me, but it suits me more to swim. 6. The doctor is not in his office. I don’t know if he wants to speak with me. 7. Between you and me, we have to decide who is going to tell the children a story. 8. Why does the lawyer ask the witnesses questions, if he already knows the answers? 9. Can you sell me two suitcases quickly? I am going to travel tomorrow. 10. She wants to call us on Thanksgiving Day. 11. Celebrating St. Valentine’s Day is pleasing to her. 12. Does it suit you to have chicken soup when you are sick? 13. I tell her that her idea is good. 14. Coffee is not pleasing to her; her colleague always brings her tea. 15. The waiter brings a glass of water to the man. He brings a glass of milk to the youngsters."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.12", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences, then answer the questions orally in Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quiere Ud. viajar conmigo el año que viene? ¿Tiene Ud. vacaciones? ¿Adónde quiere ir?", "2. ¿Dónde te gusta comer? ¿Prefieres comer en un restaurante o en casa?", "3. ¿A Ud. le molesta la contaminación de las ciudades grandes?", "4. ¿Te gusta bailar? ¿A quién le gusta bailar contigo?", "5. A ellos no les gusta el restaurante en la calle cuarenta y dos con la novena avenida. ¿Sabe Ud. la razón?", "6. Es el cumpleaños de Susana. ¿Le debo traer flores?", "7. Les decimos a los niños que es importante estudiar. ¿Por qué no nos prestan atención?", "8. Le presto dinero a María porque ella es una buena amiga y siempre me devuelve el dinero. ¿Les presta Ud. dinero a sus amigos?", "9. ¿Qué le contesta Ud. al muchacho si él le dice que él tiene miedo de nadar?", "10. Ellos quieren darte un carro para celebrar el nuevo año pero tienen solamente quinientos dólares. ¿Qué deben hacer?", "11. Tenemos hambre. ¿Quién nos va a enseñar a cocinar?", "12. ¿Dónde estoy? ¿Me puedes dar buenas direcciones?", "13. Tu mejor amigo quiere darte un buen regalo. Él quiere hacerte el favor de limpiar tu apartamento. ¿Cuántos cuartos tienes?", "14. El niño le pregunta a Ud., “¿por qué hay nubes en el cielo?” ¿Sabe Ud. la razón?"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "¿Es esta lección difícil?", "(Oral)", "Is this lesson difficult?", "Sí, es difícil, pero me gusta aprender.", "prepositional phrases in the sentences for clarification.", "1. Ella", "2. Patricia", "3. ¿Quién", "4. Nosotros", "5. Yo", "un cuento esta noche. (to want to tell/to me)", "_ a Ud. su guitarra. (to be going to lend)", "_ a su familia? (to be going to write)", "—— a sus amigos la casa. (to be going to sell)", "a Uds. mi bicicleta. (to want to lend)", "• Exercise 10.10", "Some of the following sentences have two verbs; some have one. Complete", "the sentences with the correct verb or verbs and indirect object pronoun.", "The verbs in this lesson are very important, so try to memorize them as you", "do the following exercise.", "1. Si tienes frío, yo", "2. El camarero", "him)", "3. Manuel", "5. Tú", "_ un suéter. (to give/to you)", "al hombre un vaso de agua. (to bring/to", "_ a cocinar. (to want to teach/to us)", "_ el viernes. (to be going to write/to them)", "tus libros todo el tiempo. (to lend/to me)", "Review the positions of the indirect object pronoun.", "• Directly before the first verb", "• Attached to the infinitive", "Whether the indirect object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb", "or is attached to the infinitive, the meaning is exactly the same. Practice the", "indirect object pronouns and the verbs aloud as much as you can."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Does the pollution of the big cities bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Where am I? Can you give me good directions?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.12 1. Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go? 2. Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home? 3. Does the pollution of the big cities bother you? 4. Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you? 5. The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason? 6. It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers? 7. We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us? 8. I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends? 9. What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim? 10. They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do? 11. We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook? 12. Where am I? Can you give me good directions? 13. Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have? 14. The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Does the pollution of the big cities bother you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Where am I? Can you give me good directions?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Do you want to travel with me next year? Do you have a vacation? Where do you want to go? 2. Where do you like to eat? Do you prefer to eat in a restaurant or at home? 3. Does the pollution of the big cities bother you? 4. Is dancing pleasing to you? Who likes to dance with you? 5. The restaurant on 42nd Street and Ninth Avenue is not pleasing to them. Do you know the reason? 6. It is Susan’s birthday. Should I bring her flowers? 7. We tell the children that it is important to study. Why don’t they pay attention to us? 8. I lend money to Mary because she is a good friend and she always returns the money to me. Do you lend money to your friends? 9. What do you answer the child if he tells you that he is afraid to swim? 10. They want to give you a car in order to celebrate the New Year, but they only have $500. What should they do? 11. We are hungry. Who is going to teach us to cook? 12. Where am I? Can you give me good directions? 13. Your best friend wants to give you a good gift. He wants to do you the favor of cleaning your apartment. How many rooms do you have? 14. The child asks you, “Why are there clouds in the sky?” Do you know the reason?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "10.13", "ansAnchor": "ch10ans13", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Every year he gives a gift to his girlfriend.", "2. Carla never tells me her secrets.", "3. Henry doesn’t want to lend money to us.", "4. Who is going to buy books for the children?", "5. After writing to his friends, he is going to the movies.", "6. They charge us too much. We charge them little.", "7. Why don’t you answer the students? They ask you many questions.", "8. We are going to give a dog to Peter and Rosa.", "9. I’ll bring you coffee if you bring me tea.", "10. I tell you that the train is coming.", "11. Why do you teach us German if we want to learn French?", "12. She listens to everything, but says nothing to you.", "13. Susan’s aunt tells her that she wants to go to Mexico for her vacation. She tells me that she wants to go to Paris.", "14. After studying a lot, do your eyes hurt?", "15. Everyone wants to go to the football game except me."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Carla nunca me dice sus secretos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Te traigo café si me traes té", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "10.13 1. Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia. 2. Carla nunca me dice sus secretos. 3. Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero. 4. ¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños? 5. Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine. 6. Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco. 7. ¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas. 8. Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. 9. Te traigo café si me traes té. 10. Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene. 11. ¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés? 12. Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada. 13. La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París. 14. Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos? 15. Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Carla nunca me dice sus secretos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Te traigo café si me traes té", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cada año él le da un regalo a su novia. 2. Carla nunca me dice sus secretos. 3. Enrique no nos quiere prestar dinero. / Enrique no quiere prestarnos dinero. 4. ¿Quién les va a comprar libros a los niños? / ¿Quién va a comprarles libros a los niños? 5. Después de escribirles a sus amigos, él va al cine. 6. Ellos nos cobran demasiado. Les cobramos poco. 7. ¿Por qué no les contesta Ud. a los estudiantes? Le hacen muchas preguntas. 8. Les vamos a dar un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. / Vamos a darles un perro a Pedro y a Rosa. 9. Te traigo café si me traes té. 10. Le digo a Ud. que el tren viene. 11. ¿Por qué nos enseña Ud. el alemán si queremos aprender el francés? 12. Ella escucha todo, pero no te dice nada. 13. La tía de Susana le dice que quiere ir a México para sus vacaciones. Ella me dice a mí que quiere ir a París. 14. Después de estudiar mucho, ¿le duelen los ojos? 15. Todo el mundo quiere ir al partido de fútbol, salvo yo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ir de compras"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A mi amigo Julio y a mí nos gusta ir de compras. Nos fascina pasear en el carro a regiones en las afueras. Durante el día, nos encanta probar la comida típica del área. Al entrar en un restaurante, el camarero nos dice “¿En qué puedo servirles?” y le preguntamos, “¿qué clase de comida nos recomienda?” Él nos recomienda los mariscos y nos da unos minutos para decidir. Después de un rato, nos dice, “Disculpe, están Uds. listos para ordenar?” Julio le pregunta cuánto cuesta la langosta. “No hay” nos contesta. Escogemos, pues, crema de almejas, cangrejo con ajo y camarones. Después de la comida deliciosa, continuamos alegremente nuestro viaje turístico."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vocabulario"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0174-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pase compe carro", "las afueras", "probar", "el área (f.)", "al entrar", "en qué puedo servirles", "recomendar", "los mariscos", "un rato", "disculpe", "están Uds. listos para ordenar", "la langosta", "escoger", "crema de almejas", "el cangrejo", "el ajo", "los camarones", "to go shopping", "to take a ride", "outskirts, suburbs", "to taste, to take a taste", "the area", "upon entering", "hou can I serve (help) you", "to recommend", "seafood", "a little while", "excuse me", "are you ready to order", "the lobster", "to choose", "clam chowder", "crab", "garlic", "shrimp"], "ocrConfidence": 0.868421052631579, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 174, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué a los dos amigos les gusta ir de compras?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué les gusta comer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Adónde van después de comer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El viaje"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gusta viajar porque cuando viajo no soy de aquí ni soy de allá. Me fascina la idea. Pienso ir a Italia. Me dicen que es un país maravilloso, el más bello del mundo. Me cuentan que la gente es muy amable y que gozan de la vida cada día. Me dicen que exactamente a las siete todas las noches en todas las ciudades y todos los pueblos, la gente sale, los jóvenes y los viejos, salen de sus casas y dan una vuelta por la ciudad. Después de caminar por una hora, vuelven a la casa para cenar. ¡Qué imagen más hermosa! Me parece que me va a gustar Italia."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No me importa que hay mucho que hacer antes de viajar. Primero, tengo que hacer las reservaciones. Voy a pedir un asiento con ventanilla porque me encanta mirar el cielo y las nubes por la ventana. Yo sé que a otras personas les gusta el asiento en el pasillo para poder andar por el avión sin molestar a nadie."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La parte que me encanta más es la hora de la comida. La azafata nos pregunta, “¿qué quieren Uds.?” Le contestamos con “pollo, por favor,” o “pescado,” o “prefiero carne, por favor.” Nos dan lo que pedimos y por un rato hay silencio en el avión mientras los pasajeros comen. Si es largo el viaje, nos muestran una película y también podemos escuchar música con los audífonos que nos dan. Yo misma prefiero leer o escribir pero a muchos viajeros les gusta mirar la película mientras otros duermen."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No puedo tardar más. Primero, voy a escoger una buena fecha que me va a traer suerte. Después voy a comprar un tiquete de ida y vuelta y un vuelo directo. Finalmente, voy a arreglar solamente una maleta para no cargar mucho. Yo sé que una buena experiencia me espera."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos y expresiones verbales"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar", "arreglar la maleta", "cargar", "cenar", "dar una vuelta", "to walk", "to pack the suitcase", "to carry", "to dine", "totale a walk", "escoger", "esperar", "gozar (de)", "tardar", "to choose", "to await", "to enjoy", "to delay"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "andar", "back": "to walk"}, {"front": "escoger", "back": "to choose"}, {"front": "arreglar la maleta", "back": "to pack the suitcase"}, {"front": "esperar", "back": "to await"}, {"front": "cargar", "back": "to carry"}, {"front": "gozar (de)", "back": "to enjoy"}, {"front": "cenar", "back": "to dine"}, {"front": "tardar", "back": "to delay"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el asiento", "los audífonos", "la azafata", "la imagen", "el pasillo", "la ventanilla", "el vuelo", "the seat", "the headphones", "the stewardess, flight attendant", "the image", "the aisle", "the window in a car, boat, or airplane", "the flight"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "el asiento", "back": "the seat"}, {"front": "los audífonos", "back": "the headphones"}, {"front": "la azafata", "back": "the stewardess, flight attendant"}, {"front": "la imagen", "back": "the image"}, {"front": "el pasillo", "back": "the aisle"}, {"front": "la ventanilla", "back": "the window in a car, boat, or airplane"}, {"front": "el vuelo", "back": "the flight"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronombres relativos y conjunciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo que", "mientras", "that which, often translated as what", "while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "lo que", "back": "that which, often translated as what"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0176-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hay mucho que hacer", "ida y vuelta", "por un rato", "there is a lot to do", "round-trip", "for a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "hay mucho que hacer", "back": "there is a lot to do"}, {"front": "ida y vuelta", "back": "round-trip"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 176, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A Isabel le gusta viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué escoge Italia?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiene que hacer antes de viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué piensa hacer ella durante el viaje? ¿Qué hacen los otros pasajeros?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel va a viajar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch11", "number": 11, "title": "The Direct Object", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Personal a and the Direct Object"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object receives the action of the verb directly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object can be a thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the tree."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object can be a person."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the woman."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the direct object is a person, an untranslated a is placed directly before the direct object person. This is called the personal a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo veo a la mujer.", "Vemos a Pedro.", "Uds. ven a sus primos.", "I see the woman.", "We see Peter.", "You see your cousins"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo veo a la mujer.", "back": "I see the woman."}, {"front": "Vemos a Pedro.", "back": "We see Peter."}, {"front": "Uds. ven a sus primos.", "back": "You see your cousins"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the direct object person is masculine and singular, the a combines with el and becomes al."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo visito al hombre.", "Tú visitas al niño.", "I visit the man.", "You visit the child."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Yo visito al hombre.", "back": "I visit the man."}, {"front": "Tú visitas al niño.", "back": "You visit the child."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Personal a is used before alguien and nadie."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Quieres llamar a alguien?", "No puedo llamar a nadie.", "Do you want to call someone!", "I can't call anyone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Quieres llamar a alguien?", "back": "Do you want to call someone!"}, {"front": "No puedo llamar a nadie.", "back": "I can't call anyone."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Personal a is not used with tener."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0177-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tengo dos hermanas.", "Ella tiene cinco sobrinos.", "I have two sisters.", "She has five nephews"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella tiene cinco sobrinos.", "back": "She has five nephews"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 177, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that if the direct object is a thing, there is no personal a."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo veo el árbol.", "Queremos ver una película hoy.", "El espera el tren en la estación.", "I see the tree.", "We want to see a film today.", "He waits for the train in the station."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo veo el árbol.", "back": "I see the tree."}, {"front": "Queremos ver una película hoy.", "back": "We want to see a film today."}, {"front": "El espera el tren en la estación.", "back": "He waits for the train in the station."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Transitive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Transitive verbs are verbs that take a direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English translation for many Spanish verbs includes a preposition. That means that for this type of verb, the direct object will immediately follow the verb in Spanish, but it will follow a preposition in English. Look closely at the headings for verbs such as buscar to look for. Study the following examples."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo escucho la música.", "Ella mira la casa.", "Esperamos el tren.", "I listen to the music.", "She looks at the house", "We wait for the train."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo escucho la música.", "back": "I listen to the music."}, {"front": "Ella mira la casa.", "back": "She looks at the house"}, {"front": "Esperamos el tren.", "back": "We wait for the train."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a list of frequently used transitive verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar to embrace, to hug", "yo abrazo", "nosotros abrazamos", "tú abrazas", "vosotros abrazáis", "ella abraza", "ellas abrazan", "acompañar to accompany", "yo acompaño", "nosotros acompañamos", "tú acompañas", "vosotros acompañáis", "él acompaña", "ellos acompañan", "amar to love", "yo amo", "tú amas", "nosotros amamos", "vosotros amáis", "ellas aman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudo", "tú ayudas", "Ud. ayuda", "nosotros ayudamos", "vosotros ayudáis", "Uds. ayudan", "besar to kiss", "yo beso", "nosotros besamos", "tú besas", "vosotros besáis", "él besa", "ellos besan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo ayudo", "back": "nosotros ayudamos"}, {"front": "yo beso", "back": "nosotros besamos"}, {"front": "tú ayudas", "back": "vosotros ayudáis"}, {"front": "tú besas", "back": "vosotros besáis"}, {"front": "Ud. ayuda", "back": "Uds. ayudan"}, {"front": "él besa", "back": "ellos besan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 178, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar to look for", "yo busco", "nosotros buscamos", "tú buscas", "vosotros buscáis", "ellas buscan", "conocer to be acquainted with,", "to know (a person or place)", "yo conozco", "nosotros conocemos", "tú conoces", "vosotros conocéis", "Ud conce", "Uds. conocen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "yo busco", "back": "nosotros buscamos"}, {"front": "yo conozco", "back": "nosotros conocemos"}, {"front": "tú buscas", "back": "vosotros buscáis"}, {"front": "tú conoces", "back": "vosotros conocéis"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conocer means to know a person or place in terms of being acquainted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo conozco a esta mujer.", "El conoce Paris", "I know (am acquainted with) this woman", "He knows Paris."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Yo conozco a esta mujer.", "back": "I know (am acquainted with) this woman"}, {"front": "El conoce Paris", "back": "He knows Paris."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare this with saber, which means to know a fact or to know how to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella sabe la verdad.", "Yo cé nadar", "She knows the truth.", "I know how to swim"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella sabe la verdad.", "back": "She knows the truth."}, {"front": "Yo cé nadar", "back": "I know how to swim"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuidar to take care of", "yo cuido", "nosotros cuidamos", "tú cuidas", "vosotros cuidáis", "él cuida", "ellos cuidan", "dejar to leave (something", "or someone) behind", "yo dejo", "nosotros dejamos", "tú dejas", "vosotros dejáis", "ella deja ellas dejan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "yo cuido", "back": "nosotros cuidamos"}, {"front": "yo dejo", "back": "nosotros dejamos"}, {"front": "tú cuidas", "back": "vosotros cuidáis"}, {"front": "tú dejas", "back": "vosotros dejáis"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar means to leave something or someone behind."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Dejo mis llaves en mi casa.", "1 leave my keys in my house"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Dejo mis llaves en mi casa.", "back": "1 leave my keys in my house"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that with salir, which means to exit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Salgo de mi oficina a las tres.", "I leave my office at three o'clock"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Salgo de mi oficina a las tres.", "back": "I leave my office at three o'clock"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-07.jpg", "ocrLines": ["encontrar to find", "yo encuentro", "tú encuentras", "Ud. encuentra", "nosotros encontramos", "vosotros encontráis", "Uds. encuentran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "tú encuentras", "back": "vosotros encontráis"}, {"front": "Ud. encuentra", "back": "Uds. encuentran"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Encontrar and hallar are synonyms and can be used interchangeably."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0179-08.jpg", "ocrLines": ["escuchar to listen to", "yo escucho", "nosotros escuchamos", "tú escuchas", "vosotros escucháis", "ella a", "ellas escuchan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9000000272478376, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo escucho", "back": "nosotros escuchamos"}, {"front": "tú escuchas", "back": "vosotros escucháis"}, {"front": "ella a", "back": "ellas escuchan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 179, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0180-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esperar to wait for", "yo espero", "nosotros esperamos", "tú esperas", "vosotros esperáis", "él espera", "ellos esperan", "extrañar to miss (a person or a place)", "yo extraño", "nosotros extrañamos", "tú extrañas", "vosotros extrañáis", "ella extraña", "ellas extrañan", "gritar to yell at, to scream at", "yo grito", "nosotros gritamos", "tú gritas", "vosotros gritals", "él grita", "ellos gritan", "hallar to find", "yo hallo", "tú hallas", "nosotros hallamos", "vosotros halláis"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 180, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: Hallar and encontrar are synonyms and can be used interchangeably."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["invitar to invite", "yo invito", "nosotros invitamos", "tú invitas", "vosotros invitáis", "él invita", "ellos invitan", "levar to carry, to carry off,", "to carry away; to wear", "yo llevo", "nosotros llevamos", "tú llevas", "vosotros lleváis", "Ud. Ileva", "Uds. llevan", "mirar to look at, to watch", "yo miro", "nosotros miramos", "tú miras", "vosotros miráis", "ella mira", "ellas miran", "lamar to call", "yo lamo", "tú llamas", "ella llama", "nosotros llamamos", "vosotros llamáis", "ellas llaman", "matar to kill", "yo mato", "tú matas", "él mata", "nosotros matamos", "vosotros matáis", "ellos matan", "querer + a + person", "to love a person", "yo quiero", "nosotros queremos", "tú quieres", "vosotros queréis", "Ud. quiere", "Uds. quieren"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "yo invito", "back": "nosotros invitamos"}, {"front": "yo lamo", "back": "nosotros llamamos"}, {"front": "tú invitas", "back": "vosotros invitáis"}, {"front": "tú llamas", "back": "vosotros llamáis"}, {"front": "él invita", "back": "ellos invitan"}, {"front": "ella llama", "back": "ellas llaman"}, {"front": "yo llevo", "back": "nosotros llevamos"}, {"front": "yo mato", "back": "nosotros matamos"}, {"front": "tú llevas", "back": "vosotros lleváis"}, {"front": "tú matas", "back": "vosotros matáis"}, {"front": "Ud. Ileva", "back": "Uds. llevan"}, {"front": "él mata", "back": "ellos matan"}, {"front": "yo miro", "back": "nosotros miramos"}, {"front": "yo quiero", "back": "nosotros queremos"}, {"front": "tú miras", "back": "vosotros miráis"}, {"front": "tú quieres", "back": "vosotros queréis"}, {"front": "ella mira", "back": "ellas miran"}, {"front": "Ud. quiere", "back": "Uds. quieren"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 180, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Querer a una persona means to love a person. This verb is less strong than amar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere a su amiga.", "She loves her friend"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella quiere a su amiga.", "back": "She loves her friend"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that with amar, which expresses a deeper love."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él ama a su esposa.", "He (deep/y) loves his wife"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Él ama a su esposa.", "back": "He (deep/y) loves his wife"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["recoger to gather, to pick up", "yo recojo", "nosotros recogemos", "tú recoges", "vosotros recogéis", "ella recoge", "ellas recogen", "ver to see", "yo veo", "tú ves", "Ud. ve", "nosotros vemos", "vosotros veis", "Uds. ven", "saludar to greet", "yo saludo", "nosotros saludamos", "tú saludas", "vosotros saludáis", "él saluda", "ellos saludan", "visitar to visit", "yo visito", "tú visitas", "él visita", "nosotros visitamos", "vosotros visitáis", "ellos visitan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "yo recojo", "back": "nosotros recogemos"}, {"front": "yo saludo", "back": "nosotros saludamos"}, {"front": "tú recoges", "back": "vosotros recogéis"}, {"front": "tú saludas", "back": "vosotros saludáis"}, {"front": "ella recoge", "back": "ellas recogen"}, {"front": "él saluda", "back": "ellos saludan"}, {"front": "yo veo", "back": "nosotros vemos"}, {"front": "yo visito", "back": "nosotros visitamos"}, {"front": "tú ves", "back": "vosotros veis"}, {"front": "tú visitas", "back": "vosotros visitáis"}, {"front": "Ud. ve", "back": "Uds. ven"}, {"front": "él visita", "back": "ellos visitan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 181, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.1", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verb and the personal a.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Antes de salir de la casa, ella ___________________. (to kiss her husband)", "2. Carlos quiere ___________________ el día del amor y la amistad. (to call his friends)", "3. Yo siempre ___________________ a la tienda. (to accompany my grandmother)", "4. No puedo ___________________. No sé donde está. (to find my younger brother)", "5. El estudiante del primer año ___________________. (to miss his family)", "6. En clase, nosotros ___________________, y prestamos atención. (to look at the teacher)", "7. María y Sofía quieren ___________________ en el hospital. (to help the patients)", "8. Yo ___________________ well. (to know Peter)", "9. Los profesores ___________________ cada día en el colegio. (to see their students)", "10. Los padres ____________________. (to take care of their children)", "11. El taxista ___________________ al hotel. (to take the tourists)", "12. Ella no entiende la lección porque no ___________________. (to listen to the teacher)", "13. Jorge no puede ___________________ y está preocupado. (to find his sister)", "14. No sé porque él ___________________. (to yell at his boss)", "15. Roberto va a ___________________ a la fiesta. (to invite Ramona)", "16. Veinte minutos pasan y Teresa no quiere ___________________ más. (to wait for her friend)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros .", "visitamos a Susana", "cada año en España", "(to visit Susan)", "Ella", "ama a su madre", ". (to love her mother)", "4. ¿Qué piensa hacer ella durante el viaje? ¿Qué hacen los otros", "pasajeros?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "besa a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "llamar a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "acompaño a mi abuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hallar a mi hermano menor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "extraña a su familia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "miramos a la maestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "ayudar a los pacientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "conozco a Pedro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "ven a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuidan a sus hijos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "lleva a los turistas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "escucha al maestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "encontrar a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "grita a su jefe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "invitar a Ramona", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "esperar a su amiga", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.1 1. besa a su esposo 2. llamar a sus amigos 3. acompaño a mi abuela 4. hallar a mi hermano menor 5. extraña a su familia 6. miramos a la maestra 7. ayudar a los pacientes 8. conozco a Pedro 9. ven a sus estudiantes 10. cuidan a sus hijos 11. lleva a los turistas 12. escucha al maestro 13. encontrar a su hermana 14. grita a su jefe 15. invitar a Ramona 16. esperar a su amiga", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "besa a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "llamar a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "acompaño a mi abuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hallar a mi hermano menor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "extraña a su familia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "miramos a la maestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "ayudar a los pacientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "conozco a Pedro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "ven a sus estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuidan a sus hijos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "lleva a los turistas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "escucha al maestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "encontrar a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "grita a su jefe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "invitar a Ramona", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "esperar a su amiga", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. besa a su esposo 2. llamar a sus amigos 3. acompaño a mi abuela 4. hallar a mi hermano menor 5. extraña a su familia 6. miramos a la maestra 7. ayudar a los pacientes 8. conozco a Pedro 9. ven a sus estudiantes 10. cuidan a sus hijos 11. lleva a los turistas 12. escucha al maestro 13. encontrar a su hermana 14. grita a su jefe 15. invitar a Ramona 16. esperar a su amiga"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronouns me, te, nos, and os have the same form as the indirect object pronouns me, te, nos, and os. The only new forms are lo, los, la, and las."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "te", "me", "you", "him, it (m., object)", "her, it (f., object)", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "US", "you (used only in Spain)", "them (m., persons and objects,", "them (f., persons and objects)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "me", "back": "me"}, {"front": "nos", "back": "US"}, {"front": "te", "back": "you"}, {"front": "OS", "back": "you (used only in Spain)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 182, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Make sure you know what the direct objects and direct object pronouns are in all cases. Review the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the man."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this sentence, the man is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the tree."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this sentence, the tree is the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I see the man. I see him. I see the tree. I see it."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review what you know about direct object pronouns."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun can refer to a person or a thing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• It receives the action of the verb directly."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• It answers the question about what or who received the action."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Position of the Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Direct Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the direct object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb in a sentence or question."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0183-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella me conoce bien.", "Los niños te van a escuchar.", "Ellas nos saludan los lunes.", "¿Os podemos recoger a la una?", "She knows me well.", "The children are going to listen", "to you.", "They greet us on Mondays.", "Can we pick you up at one o'clock!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 183, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Direct Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the direct object pronoun is attached to the infinitive. Whether the direct object pronoun is placed before the first verb or attached to the infinitive, the meaning of the sentence is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0183-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere visitarme en", "México.", "Queremos invitarte a la fiesta.", "Debo llamarlo ahora.", "¿Quién quiere ayudarla?", "¿Puedes esperarnos?", "Vamos a extrañarlos mucho.", "She wants to visit me in Mexico", "We want to invite you to the", "party.", "I ought to call him now.", "Who wants to help her?", "Can you wait for us?", "We are going to miss them a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "Ella quiere visitarme en", "back": "She wants to visit me in Mexico"}, {"front": "México.", "back": "We want to invite you to the"}, {"front": "Queremos invitarte a la fiesta.", "back": "party."}, {"front": "Debo llamarlo ahora.", "back": "I ought to call him now."}, {"front": "¿Quién quiere ayudarla?", "back": "Who wants to help her?"}, {"front": "¿Puedes esperarnos?", "back": "Can you wait for us?"}, {"front": "Vamos a extrañarlos mucho.", "back": "We are going to miss them a lot."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 183, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The direct object pronoun needs no clarifiers, since it is clear that lo can only mean him, la can only mean her, los can only mean them (masculine, or masculine and feminine), and las can only mean them (feminine)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo", "him", "her", "los", "las", "them (m.)", "them (f.)", "María lo ama.", "Jorge la besa.", "Los conozco de mi viaje", "a México.", "Yo las debo acompañar al tren.", "Mary loves him.", "George kisses her:", "I know them from my trip to", "Mexico.", "I ought to accompany them to", "the train"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "lo", "back": "him"}, {"front": "los", "back": "them (m.)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to express the direct object pronoun you in the Ud. and Uds. form, the indirect object pronoun le and les is used in most countries."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo le conozco, ¿verdad?", "¿Puedo ayudarle?", "Les acompañamos al parque.", "I know you, right?", "May I help you?", "We accompany you to the park"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo le conozco, ¿verdad?", "back": "I know you, right?"}, {"front": "¿Puedo ayudarle?", "back": "May I help you?"}, {"front": "Les acompañamos al parque.", "back": "We accompany you to the park"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To make a sentence negative, place no before the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No lo veo.", "Ella no me conoce.", "Ellos no nos quieren abrazar.", "I don't see him.", "She doesn't know me.", "They don't want to hug us"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "No lo veo.", "back": "I don't see him."}, {"front": "Ella no me conoce.", "back": "She doesn't know me."}, {"front": "Ellos no nos quieren abrazar.", "back": "They don't want to hug us"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the direct object pronoun is attached to the infinitive, place no before the first verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0184-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No quiero escucharlo.", "Él no quiere esperarme.", "No queremos buscarla.", "I don't want to listen to him.", "He doesn't want to wait for me", "We don't want to look for her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Él no quiere esperarme.", "back": "He doesn't want to wait for me"}, {"front": "No queremos buscarla.", "back": "We don't want to look for her."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 184, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.2", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb and the direct object pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo ___________________ hasta las seis todas las noches. (to wait for me)", "2. Él ___________________, pero no recuerda de donde. (to know you [familiar])", "3. Nuestros amigos ___________________ con la tarea. (to be going to help us)", "4. Cecilia y Susana van a viajar mañana. Vamos a ___________________. (to miss them)", "5. Enrique es un buen estudiante, pero no está en clase hoy. Yo ___________________, pero no ___________________. (to look for him/to find him)", "6. Francisca quiere a su amigo Pablo. Ella ___________________ mucho. (to love him)", "7. ¿Quién quiere ___________________? (to visit her)", "8. ¿Dónde están las muchachas? ___________________ Uds.? (to see them)", "9. ¿Saludan Uds. a sus amigos todos los días? Nosotros no ___________________ nunca. (to greet them)", "10. Su amigo es simpático. No sé por qué Ud. ___________________. (to be going to leave him)", "11. Cuando sus padres están ocupados y no pueden cuidar a sus hijos, una niñera ___________________. (to take care of them)", "12. ___________________, ella va a preparar la cena. (after calling him)", "13. ¿Conocen Uds. a mi amiga Ramona? Sí, nosotros ___________________ bien. (to know her)", "14. Ella mira a la profesora y ___________________. (to listen to her)", "15. ___________________ a la fiesta, él tiene que encontrar su número de teléfono. (before inviting her)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me espera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te conoce", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "extrañarlas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lo busco, lo encuentro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "lo ama", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "visitarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Las ven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "los saludamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "los cuida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Después de llamarlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la conocemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "la escucha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Antes de invitarla", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.2 1. me espera 2. te conoce 3. van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar 4. extrañarlas 5. lo busco, lo encuentro 6. lo ama 7. visitarla 8. Las ven 9. los saludamos 10. lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo 11. los cuida 12. Después de llamarlo 13. la conocemos 14. la escucha 15. Antes de invitarla", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me espera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te conoce", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "extrañarlas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lo busco, lo encuentro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "lo ama", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "visitarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Las ven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "los saludamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "los cuida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Después de llamarlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la conocemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "la escucha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Antes de invitarla", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me espera 2. te conoce 3. van a ayudarnos / nos van a ayudar 4. extrañarlas 5. lo busco, lo encuentro 6. lo ama 7. visitarla 8. Las ven 9. los saludamos 10. lo va a dejar / va a dejarlo 11. los cuida 12. Después de llamarlo 13. la conocemos 14. la escucha 15. Antes de invitarla"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.3", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Si un hombre acompaña a una mujer hermosa a la reunión, ¿la va a besar?", "2. Nos parece que el muchacho está enfermo y no puede hacer su tarea. Decidimos ayudarlo.", "3. Sara siempre llega tarde y no la queremos esperar más.", "4. ¿Extraña Ud. a su familia que vive lejos? ¿La quiere visitar?", "5. Los ingleses van a llegar a los Estados Unidos esta tarde. Vamos a llevarlos del aeropuerto a un buen hotel."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.3 1. If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her? 2. It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him. 3. Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer. 4. Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them? 5. The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. If a man accompanies a beautiful woman to the reunion, is he going to kiss her? 2. It seems to us that the boy is sick and cannot do his homework. We decide to help him. 3. Sara always arrives late and we don’t want to wait for her any longer. 4. Do you miss your family who lives far away? Do you want to visit them? 5. The English people are going to arrive in the United States this afternoon. We are going to take them from the airport to a good hotel."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.4", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I see José, but he doesn’t see me.", "2. We don’t know where the tourists are who are visiting us from Spain.", "3. They are going to visit their friends in Canada after selling their boat."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Veo a José pero no me ve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.4 1. Veo a José pero no me ve. 2. No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España. 3. Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Veo a José pero no me ve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Veo a José pero no me ve. 2. No sabemos donde están los turistas que nos visitan de España. 3. Ellos van a visitar a sus amigos en el Canadá después de vender su barco."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Thing"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0186-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["it (m.)", "los", "it (f.)", "las", "Guillermo compra el carro.", "Él lo compra.", "them (m.)", "them (f.)", "Bill buys the car", "He buys it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "los / them (m.)", "back": "it (m.)"}, {"front": "las / them (f.)", "back": "it (f.)"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 186, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Let’s review what we know about direct object pronouns."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun replaces the direct object."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The direct object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb or attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0186-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Guillermo vende su carro.", "éllo vende", "Bill sells his car", "He sells it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Guillermo vende su carro.", "back": "Bill sells his car"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 186, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0187-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo tengo la llave.", "La tengo.", "Comemos los vegetales.", "Los comemos.", "Ella lee las revistas.", "Ella las lee.", "Veo las flores en el jardín.", "¿Puedes verlas también?", "Él espera el tren a las nueve.", "Tiene que esperarlo.", "Ella no entiende la lección.", "Necesita estudiar para", "entenderla.", "Tengo dos buenos libros en casa.", "Voy a leerlos mañana.", "I have the key.", "I have it.", "We eat the vegetables.", "We eat them.", "She reads the magazines.", "She reads them.", "I see the flowers in the garden.", "Can you see them also?", "He waits for the train at nine.", "He has to wait for it.", "She doesn't understand the lesson.", "She needs to study in order to", "understand it.", "I have two good books at home.", "I am going to read them tomorrow"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 187, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.5", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb and the direct object pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Tiene Ud. el libro rojo? Sí, yo ___________________, pero yo no ___________________. (to have it/to want to read it)", "2. Su casa está sucia, pero Pedro no ___________________. (to want to clean it)", "3. ¿Dónde están nuestros mapas de México? Nosotros siempre ___________________ en el coche, pero hoy no ___________________. (to have them/to see them)", "4. No sé por qué él tiene tres carros; él ___________________ pero él no ___________________ tampoco. (is not able to use them/ to want to sell them)", "5. Necesitamos cuarenta tenedores, quince cuchillos y ochenta cucharas para la fiesta. ¿Quién tiene tiempo para ___________________? (to buy them)", "6. En el verano, ella busca buenos libros; ella ___________________ en la biblioteca. (to find them)", "7. Antes de estudiar la lección, ella está nerviosa. Después de ___________________, tiene más confianza. (to study it)", "8. Las revistas que recibimos están en la casa pero no podemos ___________________. (to find them)", "9. Los niños escuchan a sus padres porque sus padres ___________________. (to love them)", "10. Este hombre tiene mucho dinero debajo de su cama, pero ¿es mejor ___________________ en el banco? (to have it)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "lo tengo, quiero leerlo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los tenemos, los vemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "no los puede usar, los quiere vender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "comprarlos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los encuentra / los halla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estudiarla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "encontrarlas/hallarlas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "los aman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tenerlo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.5 1. lo tengo, quiero leerlo 2. la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla 3. los tenemos, los vemos 4. no los puede usar, los quiere vender 5. comprarlos 6. los encuentra / los halla 7. estudiarla 8. encontrarlas/hallarlas 9. los aman 10. tenerlo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "lo tengo, quiero leerlo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los tenemos, los vemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "no los puede usar, los quiere vender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "comprarlos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los encuentra / los halla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estudiarla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "encontrarlas/hallarlas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "los aman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tenerlo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. lo tengo, quiero leerlo 2. la quiere limpiar / quiere limpiarla 3. los tenemos, los vemos 4. no los puede usar, los quiere vender 5. comprarlos 6. los encuentra / los halla 7. estudiarla 8. encontrarlas/hallarlas 9. los aman 10. tenerlo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject Pronoun", "yo", "tú", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Indirect Object Pronoun", "me", "te", "le (a él)", "le (a ella)", "le (a Ud.)", "nos", "OS", "les (a ellos)", "les (a ellas)", "les (a Uds.)", "Direct Object Pronour", "me", "te", "lo", "la", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "-"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8843749761581421, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "Subject Pronoun", "back": "Indirect Object Pronoun / Direct Object Pronour"}, {"front": "yo", "back": "me / me"}, {"front": "tú", "back": "te / te"}, {"front": "él", "back": "le (a él) / lo"}, {"front": "ella", "back": "le (a ella) / la"}, {"front": "nosotros", "back": "nos / nos"}, {"front": "vosotros", "back": "OS / OS"}, {"front": "ellos", "back": "les (a ellos) / los"}, {"front": "ellas", "back": "les (a ellas) / las"}, {"front": "Uds.", "back": "les (a Uds.) / -"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 188, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice again that there is no direct object pronoun for you. In order to express the direct object you, use le for the singular and use les for the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero ayudarlo.", "Quiero ayudarla.", "Quiero ayudarle.", "Quiero ayudarlos.", "Quiero ayudarlas.", "Quiero ayudarles.", "I want to help him.", "I want to help her.", "I want to help you (sing.)", "I want to help them.", "I want to help them.", "I want to help you (pl.)."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Quiero ayudarlo.", "back": "I want to help him."}, {"front": "Quiero ayudarla.", "back": "I want to help her."}, {"front": "Quiero ayudarle.", "back": "I want to help you (sing.)"}, {"front": "Quiero ayudarlos.", "back": "I want to help them."}, {"front": "Quiero ayudarlas.", "back": "I want to help them."}, {"front": "Quiero ayudarles.", "back": "I want to help you (pl.)."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 188, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.6", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans6", "instruction": "Test your knowledge. Complete the following sentences with the correct indirect or direct object pronoun. Place the pronoun before the first verb or attach it to the infinitive.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi amiga Sara? Sí, ___________________ conozco. (her)", "2. ¿Dónde está Mario? ¿___________________ ves? (him)", "3. Ella mira a la profesora y ___________________ escucha bien. (her)", "4. A ella ___________________ gustan las lecciones. (to her)", "5. ¿Por qué siempre ___________________ dices mentiras si yo ___________________ digo la verdad? (to me/to you)", "6. ¿Pedro ___________________ va a dar regalos a sus hijos este año? (to them)", "7. ___________________ voy a ayudar a cocinar. (them)", "8. ¿Cuánto tiempo ___________________ queda? (us)", "9. ¿ ___________________ escribes a tus padres? (to them)", "10. Ellos quieren enviar ___________________ una carta desde Madrid. (to them)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ haces preguntas si ya sabes la respuesta? (me)", "12. Los niños quieren dar___________________ a sus padres un beso. (to them)", "13. En vez de invitar___________________ al concierto, él decide ir solo. (her)", "14. Antes de ver___________________, ella va al cine. (them)", "15. ¿Lees el periódico en la mañana o ___________________ lees en la tarde? (it)", "16. La comida esta fría y no ___________________ queremos comer. (it)", "17. Las lecciones son difíciles, y ella estudia mucho. Después de una hora, ella ___________________ entiende. (them)", "18. La maestra repite las preguntas para los estudiantes. Ella ___________________ repite para practicar la pronunciación también. (them)", "19. ¿Dónde están mis llaves? Siempre ___________________ pierdo. No ___________________ veo. (them/them)", "20. ___________________ dan flores pero no ___________________ gustan. (to me/to me)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me, te", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "las, las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Me, me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.6 1. la 2. Lo 3. la 4. le 5. me, te 6. les 7. Los 8. nos 9. Les 10. les 11. me 12. les 13. la 14. los 15. lo 16. la 17. las 18. las 19. las, las 20. Me, me", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me, te", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "las, las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Me, me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la 2. Lo 3. la 4. le 5. me, te 6. les 7. Los 8. nos 9. Les 10. les 11. me 12. les 13. la 14. los 15. lo 16. la 17. las 18. las 19. las, las 20. Me, me"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.7", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans7", "instruction": "Review gustar and indirect object pronouns, and then answer the questions orally.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿A los hombres les gusta hablar mucho?", "2. ¿A los soldados les gusta luchar o prefieren vivir en paz?", "3. ¿A los niños qué les gusta hacer?", "4. ¿A quién le gusta trabajar mucho? ¿A quién le gusta ir de vacaciones?", "5. ¿Por qué a algunas personas no les gusta nada?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "11.7 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "11.8", "ansAnchor": "ch11ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I see my friends every Saturday. It is pleasing to us to go to the movies.", "2. She looks at the teacher, she listens well, but still she understands nothing.", "3. Lisa waits for her sister, who always arrives late.", "4. We travel to Ecuador in order to be with our relatives.", "5. The lesson is difficult and he wants to study it for the test.", "6. Can you go to the post office for me? I have a letter for my friend and I want to send it today.", "7. Do you want to accompany him to the party? He is shy and doesn’t want to go alone.", "8. Where do you know her from? Do you see her all the time?", "9. She has new shoes but she never wears them.", "10. I hardly ever see you."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Casi nunca te veo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "11.8 1. Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine. 2. Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada. 3. Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde. 4. Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes. 5. La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen. 6. ¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy. 7. ¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo. 8. ¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo? 9. Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca. 10. Casi nunca te veo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Casi nunca te veo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Veo a mis amigos todos los sábados. Nos gusta ir al cine. 2. Ella mira a la profesora, escucha bien, pero todavía no entiende nada. 3. Lisa espera a su hermana que siempre llega tarde. 4. Viajamos a Ecuador para estar con nuestros parientes. 5. La lección es difícil y él la quiere estudiar para el examen. 6. ¿Puede Ud. ir al correo por mí? Tengo una carta para mi amiga y la quiere mandar hoy. 7. ¿Quieres acompañarlo a la fiesta? Él es tímido y no quiere ir solo. 8. ¿De dónde la conoce Ud.? ¿La ve todo el tiempo? 9. Ella tiene zapatos nuevos pero no los lleva nunca. 10. Casi nunca te veo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La bienvenida"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Es increíble! Aquí estoy en Italia. Hay muchos italianos en el aeropuerto que esperan a los pasajeros. Yo los miro: un hombre besa a una mujer; tres niños corren hacia una mujer y emocionados la besan, y ella, con lágrimas en los ojos, los besa y los abraza. Una mujer le dice a su novio que lo extraña cuando está lejos de ella; él le dice que la ama. Los niños, tan contentos de ver a sus padres de nuevo, saltan de alegría. Los viajeros como yo, sin familia (nadie nos espera porque no conocemos a nadie), recogemos nuestras maletas y seguimos a la aduana. No me molesta esperar un rato. Dentro de poco, sellan mi pasaporte y me dan una bienvenida cariñosa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Salgo del aeropuerto al sol. Camino hacia los taxistas. Hace fresco y estoy bien. Tomo el primer taxi en la fila, le pregunto al conductor cuanto cobra por el viaje y me parece justo. Me lleva a la plaza central donde hay muchos hoteles interesantes. Pago la tarifa, le doy una propina, y con una sonrisa, me bajo del taxi."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Entro en el hotel que me interesa y le pregunto al dueño cuanto cobra por una noche para una persona. Le digo que quiero una habitación sencilla y tranquila con un baño privado. El dueño, muy simpático, me dice que tiene una habitación hermosa que da a la plaza. Después de verla, la tomo. Él mira mi pasaporte. Escribo mi nombre en el registro, y él me da las llaves. Estoy cansada pero estoy emocionada también. Ya es tarde. Decido comer un pasaboca e ir al cuarto para dormir. Yo sé que voy a tener sueños dulces."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar", "bajarse de", "dar a (la plaza)", "to embrace", "to get off", "to faceloverlook (the plaza)", "recoger", "saltar", "sellar", "to pick up", "to jump", "to stamp"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "bajarse de", "back": "to get off"}, {"front": "saltar", "back": "to jump"}, {"front": "dar a (la plaza)", "back": "to faceloverlook (the plaza)"}, {"front": "sellar", "back": "to stamp"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la aduana", "la bienvenida", "el conductor", "el dueño", "la fila", "la lágrima", "la maleta", "customs", "the welcome", "the driver", "the ouner", "the line", "the tear", "the suitcase", "el pasaboca", "la propina", "un rato", "el registro", "la sonrisa", "la tarifa", "el viajero", "the snack", "the tip", "a little while", "the register", "the smile", "the fare", "the traveler"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "la aduana", "back": "customs"}, {"front": "el pasaboca", "back": "the snack"}, {"front": "la bienvenida", "back": "the welcome"}, {"front": "la propina", "back": "the tip"}, {"front": "el conductor", "back": "the driver"}, {"front": "un rato", "back": "a little while"}, {"front": "el dueño", "back": "the ouner"}, {"front": "el registro", "back": "the register"}, {"front": "la fila", "back": "the line"}, {"front": "la sonrisa", "back": "the smile"}, {"front": "la lágrima", "back": "the tear"}, {"front": "la tarifa", "back": "the fare"}, {"front": "la maleta", "back": "the suitcase"}, {"front": "el viajero", "back": "the traveler"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunción"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["e"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8958333333333334, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, y meaning and is replaced by e before words beginning with i or hi."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0192-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cariñoso", "emocionado", "affectionate", "ercited."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8958333333333334, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "cariñoso", "back": "affectionate"}, {"front": "emocionado", "back": "ercited."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 192, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo está Isabel al llegar a Italia? Si Ud. piensa que está alegre, ¿por qué? Igualmente, si piensa que está triste, ¿por qué?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Espera ella mucho tiempo en el aeropuerto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiempo hace?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Escoge un hotel con cuidado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Quiere Isabel salir la primera noche? ¿Qué hace?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch12", "number": 12, "title": "Reflexive Verbs", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object refer to the same person. The purpose of the reflexive verb is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject. This can be seen in the following sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["I wash myself.", "Subject", "Verb", "wash", "Object", "myself"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Subject Verb", "back": "Object"}, {"front": "wash", "back": "myself"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive pronouns are object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me", "te", "se", "myself", "yourself", "himself, herself, yourself", "nos", "os", "se", "ourselves", "yourselves", "themselves, yourselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "te", "back": "yourself"}, {"front": "os", "back": "yourselves"}, {"front": "se", "back": "himself, herself, yourself"}, {"front": "se", "back": "themselves, yourselves"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish reflexive verbs, -se is added to the basic infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a reflexive verb, drop the -se and place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. The reflexive verb always has a reflexive pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lavarse to wash oneself", "yo me lavo I wash myself", "nosotros", "we wash ourselves", "nos lavamos", "tú te lavas", "you wash yourself", "vosotros os laváis you wash yourselves", "él se lava", "he washes himself", "ellos se lavan", "they wash themselves", "ella se lava", "she washes herself", "ellas se lavan", "they wash themselves", "Ud. se lava you wash yourself", "Uds. se lavan", "you wash yourselves"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "él se lava", "back": "he washes himself"}, {"front": "ellos se lavan", "back": "they wash themselves"}, {"front": "ella se lava", "back": "she washes herself"}, {"front": "ellas se lavan", "back": "they wash themselves"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 193, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the reflexive verb with the nonreflexive verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0194-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Reflexive", "Nonreflexive", "Él se lava.", "He washes himself", "He washes the car"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Reflexive", "back": "He washes himself"}, {"front": "Nonreflexive", "back": "He washes the car"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 194, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Some Frequently Used Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0194-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bañarse to bathe oneself", "yo me baño", "nosotros nos bañamos", "tú te bañas", "vosotros os bañáis", "él se baña", "ellos se bañan", "dedicarse to dedicate oneself", "yo me dedico", "nosotros nos dedicamos", "tú te dedicas", "vosotros os dedicáis", "ella se dedica", "ellas se dedican", "defenderse to defend oneself", "yo me defiendo", "nosotros nos defendemos", "tú te defiendes", "vosotros os defendéis", "Ud. se defiende", "Uds. se defienden", "divertirse to amuse oneself, to have a good time", "yo me divierto", "nosotros nos divertimos", "tú te diviertes", "vosotros os divertís", "él se divierte", "ellos se divierten", "expresarse to express oneself", "yo me expreso", "tú te expresas", "ella se expresa", "nosotros nos expresamos", "vosotros os expresáis", "ellas se expresan", "lamarse to call oneself", "yo me llamo", "tú te llamas", "Ud. se llama", "nosotros nos llamamos", "vosotros os llamáis", "Uds. se llaman", "preguntarse to ask oneselt, to wonder", "yo me pregunto", "nosotros nos preguntamos", "tú te preguntas", "vosotros os preguntais", "él se pregunta", "ellos se preguntan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9591836734693877, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 194, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is not necessary to use both the subject pronoun and the reflexive pronoun with reflexive verbs, except in the third person for clarity. From now on, the subject pronouns yo, tú, nosotros, and vosotros will be omitted. Practice reflexive verbs aloud with their reflexive pronouns."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acostarse to go to bed", "me acuesto", "nos acostamos", "te acuestas", "os acostáis", "él se acuesta", "ellos se acuestan", "ducharse to shower,", "to take a shower", "me ducho", "te duchas", "él se ducha", "nos duchamos", "os ducháis", "ellos se duchan", "despertarse to wake up,", "to wake oneself", "me despierto", "nos despertamos", "te despiertas", "os despertáis", "Ud. se despierta Uds. se despiertan", "dormirse to fall asleep", "me duermo", "te duermes", "ella se duerme", "nos dormimos", "os dormís", "ellas se duermen", "enfermarse to get sick", "levantarse to get up, to raise oneself", "me enfermo", "nos enfermamos", "me levanto", "nos levantamos", "te enfermas", "os enfermáis", "te levantas", "os levantáis", "Ud. se enferma Uds. se enferman él se levanta", "ellos se levantan", "sentarse to sit down, to seat oneself", "me siento", "nos sentamos", "te sientas", "os sentais", "ella se sienta.", "ellas se sientan", "vestirse to get dressed", "me visto", "te vistes", "Ud se viste", "nos vestimos", "os vestís", "Uds. se visten"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 20, "cards": [{"front": "me acuesto", "back": "nos acostamos"}, {"front": "me despierto", "back": "nos despertamos"}, {"front": "te acuestas", "back": "os acostáis"}, {"front": "te despiertas", "back": "os despertáis"}, {"front": "me ducho", "back": "nos duchamos"}, {"front": "me duermo", "back": "nos dormimos"}, {"front": "te duchas", "back": "os ducháis"}, {"front": "te duermes", "back": "os dormís"}, {"front": "él se ducha", "back": "ellos se duchan"}, {"front": "ella se duerme", "back": "ellas se duermen"}, {"front": "me enfermo", "back": "nos enfermamos"}, {"front": "me levanto", "back": "nos levantamos"}, {"front": "te enfermas", "back": "os enfermáis"}, {"front": "te levantas", "back": "os levantáis"}, {"front": "me siento", "back": "nos sentamos"}, {"front": "me visto", "back": "nos vestimos"}, {"front": "te sientas", "back": "os sentais"}, {"front": "te vistes", "back": "os vestís"}, {"front": "ella se sienta.", "back": "ellas se sientan"}, {"front": "Ud se viste", "back": "Uds. se visten"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 195, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive pronoun can be placed in either of two positions in a sentence or phrase."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the first position, the reflexive pronoun is placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0195-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nos despertamos a las ocho.", "Nos levantamos a las ocho y media.", "We wake up at eight o'clock", "We get up at eight thirty."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8416666666666667, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Nos despertamos a las ocho.", "back": "We wake up at eight o'clock"}, {"front": "Nos levantamos a las ocho y media.", "back": "We get up at eight thirty."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 195, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0196-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos se divierten los fines de", "They have a good time on", "semana.", "weekends.", "¿A qué hora te acuestas?", "At what time do you go to bed?", "In the second position, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the infinitive.", "Ella va a dedicarse a la ley.", "She is going to dedicate herself", "to the law.", "Voy a bañarme antes de", "acostarme.", "Queremos expresarnos bien", "en español.", "I am going to bathe myself before", "going to bed.", "We want to express ourselves well", "in Spanish."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "¿A qué hora te acuestas?", "back": "Ellos se divierten los fines de"}, {"front": "At what time do you go to bed?", "back": "They have a good time on"}, {"front": "In the second position, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the infinitive.", "back": "semana."}, {"front": "Ella va a dedicarse a la ley.", "back": "weekends."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 196, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.1", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["acostarse, bañarse, dedicarse, despertarse, divertirse, dormirse, ducharse, expresarse, levantarse, llamarse, sentarse"], "prompts": ["1. Soy enfermera; tengo que ___________________ a las seis de la mañana.", "2. Después de despertarme, ___________________ y voy a la cocina a preparar mi desayuno.", "3. Antes de vestirme, ___________________ o ___________________. Me gusta cantar en el baño.", "4. A las siete, ___________________ en la mesa para comer.", "5. Tengo dos buenos amigos; ___________________ Carlos y Julia.", "6. Ellos son abogados y ___________________ a defender a la gente.", "7. Trabajamos mucho durante la semana y ___________________ los fines de semana.", "8. Practicamos la gramática de español por horas y horas en conversación y siempre tratamos de ___________________ bien.", "9. Durante la semana, les hablo por teléfono. A mí me gusta leer hasta tarde, pero a ellos les gusta ___________________ a las once.", "10. Me gusta acostarme a las doce. ___________________ rápidamente."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "despertarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "me levanto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me baño, me ducho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me siento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se llaman", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "expresarnos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "acostarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Me duermo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.1 1. despertarme 2. me levanto 3. me baño, me ducho 4. me siento 5. se llaman 6. se dedican 7. nos divertimos 8. expresarnos 9. acostarse 10. Me duermo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "despertarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "me levanto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me baño, me ducho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me siento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se llaman", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "expresarnos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "acostarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Me duermo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. despertarme 2. me levanto 3. me baño, me ducho 4. me siento 5. se llaman 6. se dedican 7. nos divertimos 8. expresarnos 9. acostarse 10. Me duermo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the possessive adjective is not used with reflexive verbs when you are talking about parts of the body or clothing. The definite article is typically used instead."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["afeitarse to shave", "me afeito", "te afeitas", "él se afeita", "nos afeitamos", "os afeitáis", "ellos se afeitan", "maquillarse (la cara) to put makeup", "on, to make up (one's face)", "me maquillo", "nos maquillamos", "te maquillas", "os maquilláis", "Ud. se maquilla", "Uds. se maquillan", "pintarse (las uñas) to put makeup on,", "to put (nail) polish on", "me pinto", "nos sentamos", "te pintas", "os sentáis", "ella se sienta", "ellas se sientan", "quitarse to take off (clothing)", "me quito", "nos quitamos", "te quitas", "os quitáis", "él se quita", "ellos se quitan", "cepillarse (los dientes, el pelo)", "to brush (one's teeth, one's hair)", "me cepillo", "nos cepillamos", "te cepillas", "os cepilláis", "ella se cepilla ellas se cepillan", "peinarse (el pelo)", "to comb (one's hair)", "me peino", "nos peinamos", "te peinas", "os peináis", "él se peina", "ellos se peinan", "ponerse to put on (clothing)", "me pongo", "nos ponemos", "te pones", "os ponéis", "Ud. se pone", "Uds. se ponen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "me afeito", "back": "nos afeitamos"}, {"front": "me cepillo", "back": "nos cepillamos"}, {"front": "te afeitas", "back": "os afeitáis"}, {"front": "te cepillas", "back": "os cepilláis"}, {"front": "me maquillo", "back": "nos maquillamos"}, {"front": "me peino", "back": "nos peinamos"}, {"front": "te maquillas", "back": "os maquilláis"}, {"front": "te peinas", "back": "os peináis"}, {"front": "Ud. se maquilla", "back": "Uds. se maquillan"}, {"front": "él se peina", "back": "ellos se peinan"}, {"front": "me pinto", "back": "nos pintamos"}, {"front": "me pongo", "back": "nos ponemos"}, {"front": "te pintas", "back": "os pintáis"}, {"front": "te pones", "back": "os ponéis"}, {"front": "ella se pinta", "back": "ellas se pintan"}, {"front": "Ud. se pone", "back": "Uds. se ponen"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 197, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express Emotion"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0197-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse (de)", "animarse", "asustarse", "calmarse", "enfadarse (con)", "enojarse (con)", "preocuparse (de)", "tranquilizarse", "to become happy, to be glad", "to cheer up", "to get frightened/scared", "to calm down", "to get angry", "to get angry", "to worry", "to calm down"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 197, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express Movement"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0198-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["quedarse", "mudarse", "pararse", "to remain", "to move (from one place to another)", "to stand up"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "quedarse", "back": "to remain"}, {"front": "mudarse", "back": "to move (from one place to another)"}, {"front": "pararse", "back": "to stand up"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 198, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Irregular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caerse to fall down", "me caigo", "te caes", "él se cae", "nos caemos", "os caéis", "ellos se caen", "moverse to move", "me muevo", "te mueves", "Ud. se mueve", "nos movemos", "os movéis", "Uds. se mueven", "irse to go away, to leave quickly", "me voy", "nos vamos", "te vas", "os vais", "ella se va", "ellas se van"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "me caigo", "back": "nos caemos"}, {"front": "me voy", "back": "nos vamos"}, {"front": "te caes", "back": "os caéis"}, {"front": "te vas", "back": "os vais"}, {"front": "él se cae", "back": "ellos se caen"}, {"front": "ella se va", "back": "ellas se van"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 198, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.2", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["afeitarse, alegrarse, caerse, cepillarse, enojarse, mudarse, peinarse, pintarse, ponerse, preocuparse, quedarse, quitarse, tranquilizarse"], "prompts": ["1. El niño alegre está en el árbol. No tiene miedo de ___________________.", "2. El esposo ___________________ la barba mientras su esposa ___________________ las uñas.", "3. No entiendo por qué ___________________ tú si alguien te critica.", "4. Al entrar en el apartamento lujoso, nosotros ___________________ los zapatos.", "5. Hace frío y ellos ___________________ un suéter y una chaqueta.", "6. Es un buen hotel, pero no quiero ___________________ en esta ciudad.", "7. El estudiante ___________________ mucho porque tiene un examen mañana.", "8. Voy a ___________________ a San Francisco; me dicen que es un sitio hermoso.", "9. Ella está nerviosa; para ___________________ ella toma leche caliente.", "10. Nosotros ___________________ mucho de escuchar las buenas noticias.", "11. Antes de dormirme, siempre ___________________ los dientes.", "12. Después de despertarse, ellos ___________________ el cabello."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "caerse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se afeita, se pinta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "te enojas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nos quitamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "quedarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se preocupa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "mudarme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tranquilizarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "nos alegramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "me cepillo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se peinan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.2 1. caerse 2. se afeita, se pinta 3. te enojas 4. nos quitamos 5. se ponen 6. quedarme 7. se preocupa 8. mudarme 9. tranquilizarse 10. nos alegramos 11. me cepillo 12. se peinan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "caerse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se afeita, se pinta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "te enojas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nos quitamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "quedarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se preocupa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "mudarme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tranquilizarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "nos alegramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "me cepillo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se peinan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. caerse 2. se afeita, se pinta 3. te enojas 4. nos quitamos 5. se ponen 6. quedarme 7. se preocupa 8. mudarme 9. tranquilizarse 10. nos alegramos 11. me cepillo 12. se peinan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs That Express “To Become”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ponerse + adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ponerse is the most common expression for to become; it is used for physical or emotional changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me pongo brava al escuchar las", "noticias.", "Ella se pone roja porque es tímida.", "I become angry upon hearing", "the news.", "She gets red (blushes) because", "she is shy."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8770491803278688, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Volverse + adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Volverse is used to express a sudden, involuntary change."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hasta los psicólogos se vuelven locos. Even the psychologists go crazy."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacerse, llegar a ser"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Both hacerse and llegar a ser are used with nouns expressing profession; they imply effort on the part of the subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella se hace doctora.", "Él llega a ser doctor también.", "She is becoming a doctor.", "He is becoming a doctor also"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8770491803278688, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella se hace doctora.", "back": "She is becoming a doctor."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Most Frequently Used Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0199-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["arreglarse", "aprovecharse (de)", "atreverse (a)", "burlarse (de)", "callarse", "demorarse", "desayunarse", "enamorarse (de)", "equivocarse", "to get ready to go out, to fix oneself up", "to take advantage of", "to dare to", "to make fun of", "to become quiet", "to delay", "to have breakfast", "to fall in love with", "to make a mistake"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 199, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["fiarse (en)", "fijarse (en)", "lastimarse", "llevarse (bien) (con)", "mejorarse", "meterse (en)", "portarse (bien/mal)", "quejarse (de)", "quedarse", "reunirse (con)", "to trust, to have trust in", "to notice", "to hurt oneself", "to get along (well with", "to get better", "to get involved in, to meddle", "to behave oneself (well/badly)", "to complain about", "to burn oneself, to get burned", "to meet with"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Irregular"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acordarse (de) to remember", "me acuerdo", "nos acordamos", "te acuerdas", "os acordáis", "él se acuerda ellos se acuerdan", "encontrarse (con) to meet", "me encuentro", "nos encontramos", "te encuentras", "os encontráis", "Ud. se encuentra", "Uds. se encuentran", "darse cuenta (de) to realize", "me doy cuenta", "nos damos cuenta", "te das cuenta", "os dais cuenta", "ella se da cuenta", "• ellas se dan cuenta"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "me acuerdo", "back": "nos acordamos"}, {"front": "me doy cuenta", "back": "nos damos cuenta"}, {"front": "te acuerdas", "back": "os acordáis"}, {"front": "te das cuenta", "back": "os dais cuenta"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Prepositions That Follow Reflexive Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The prepositions that follow certain reflexive verbs in Spanish cannot be omitted even if the English translation does not include them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me fijo mucho en los detalles.", "Él se acuerda de ella", "I notice the details a lot", "He remembers her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Me fijo mucho en los detalles.", "back": "I notice the details a lot"}, {"front": "Él se acuerda de ella", "back": "He remembers her."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["morirse to die", "me muero", "te mueres", "él se muere", "reírse to laugh", "me río", "te ríes", "él se ríe", "nos morimos", "os morís", "ellos se mueren", "nos reímos", "os reis", "ellos se ríen", "parecerse (a) to resemble,", "to look like", "me parezco", "nos parecemos", "te pareces", "os parecéis", "Ud. se parece", "Uds. se parecen", "sentirse (bien/mal) to feel (well/ilI)", "(or any emotion or health condition)", "me siento", "nos sentimos", "te sientes", "os sentís", "ella se siente", "ellas se sienten"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "me muero", "back": "nos morimos"}, {"front": "me parezco", "back": "nos parecemos"}, {"front": "te mueres", "back": "os morís"}, {"front": "te pareces", "back": "os parecéis"}, {"front": "él se muere", "back": "ellos se mueren"}, {"front": "Ud. se parece", "back": "Uds. se parecen"}, {"front": "me río", "back": "nos reímos"}, {"front": "me siento", "back": "nos sentimos"}, {"front": "te ríes", "back": "os reis"}, {"front": "te sientes", "back": "os sentís"}, {"front": "él se ríe", "back": "ellos se ríen"}, {"front": "ella se siente", "back": "ellas se sienten"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 200, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.3", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate reflexive verb. Use each verb only one time. Be sure to include prepositions when you need them.", "extra": ["acordarse, aprovecharse, atreverse, burlarse, callarse, demorarse, desayunarse, enamorarse, encontrarse, equivocarse, fiarse, fijarse, meterse, parecerse, ponerse, portarse, quejarse, reírse"], "prompts": ["1. A la familia le gusta comer juntos en la mañana. Siempre ___________________ con cereal y jugo antes de salir de la casa.", "2. A los adolescentes les gusta ir a la escuela secundaria porque ___________________ sus amigos todos los días.", "3. Muchas personas ___________________ nerviosas antes de tener un examen.", "4. La niña feliz piensa que todo es gracioso; ella ___________________ todo el tiempo.", "5. Él ___________________ mucho porque habla sin saber nada.", "6. Yo no ___________________ nunca del número de teléfono de mi tío.", "7. ¿___________________ Ud. de una buena situación?", "8. Ella ___________________ sus vecinos porque hacen mucho ruido.", "9. La obra de teatro es interesante; el tiempo pasa rápidamente y la audiencia no ___________________ la hora.", "10. Nadie debe ___________________ nadie.", "11. La hija tiene la misma nariz que su mamá. ___________________ mucho.", "12. No me gusta ___________________ los problemas de otros.", "13. Ella llega tarde porque ___________________ los trenes durante la hora pico.", "14. El hombre soltero ___________________ locamente de la mujer hermosa.", "15. Nosotros ___________________ para escuchar hablar al experto que habla en voz baja.", "16. Carla tiene miedo del agua y no ___________________ viajar en barco.", "17. ¿Piensan Uds. que los adolescentes ___________________ bien o mal?", "18. Él no tiene amigos porque no ___________________ nadie."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se desayunan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se encuentran con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se equivoca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "me acuerdo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Se aprovecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se queja de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se fija en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "burlarse de", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Se parecen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "meterme en", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se enamora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos callamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se atreve a", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se portan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se fía en", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.3 1. se desayunan 2. se encuentran con 3. se ponen 4. se ríe 5. se equivoca 6. me acuerdo 7. Se aprovecha 8. se queja de 9. se fija en 10. burlarse de 11. Se parecen 12. meterme en 13. se demoran 14. se enamora 15. nos callamos 16. se atreve a 17. se portan 18. se fía en", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se desayunan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se encuentran con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se ponen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se equivoca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "me acuerdo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Se aprovecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se queja de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se fija en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "burlarse de", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Se parecen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "meterme en", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se enamora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos callamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se atreve a", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se portan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se fía en", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se desayunan 2. se encuentran con 3. se ponen 4. se ríe 5. se equivoca 6. me acuerdo 7. Se aprovecha 8. se queja de 9. se fija en 10. burlarse de 11. Se parecen 12. meterme en 13. se demoran 14. se enamora 15. nos callamos 16. se atreve a 17. se portan 18. se fía en"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject", "Pronoun", "yo", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Indirect Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "le", "nos", "OS", "les", "les", "les", "Direct Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "lo", "la", "le", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "les", "Reflexive", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "se", "se", "se", "nos", "OS", "se", "se", "se"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "Subject", "back": "Indirect Object"}, {"front": "Direct Object", "back": "Reflexive"}, {"front": "Pronoun", "back": "Pronoun"}, {"front": "Pronoun", "back": "Pronoun"}, {"front": "yo", "back": "me"}, {"front": "me", "back": "me"}, {"front": "ella", "back": "le"}, {"front": "la", "back": "se"}, {"front": "nosotros", "back": "nos"}, {"front": "nos", "back": "nos"}, {"front": "vosotros", "back": "OS"}, {"front": "OS", "back": "OS"}, {"front": "ellos", "back": "les"}, {"front": "los", "back": "se"}, {"front": "ellas", "back": "les"}, {"front": "las", "back": "se"}, {"front": "Uds.", "back": "les"}, {"front": "les", "back": "se"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reflexive Verbs with Reciprocal Meanings"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The plural forms of reflexive verbs are sometimes used to express the idea of each other. If the meaning is unclear, Spanish uses el uno al otro, la una a la otra, los unos a los otros, and las unas a las otras for clarification."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudarse", "conocerse", "entenderse", "escribirse", "hablarse", "quererse", "verse", "to help each other", "to know each other", "to understand each other", "to write to each other", "to speak to each other", "to love each other", "to see each other"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0202-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Elena y Paula se ayudan mucho.", "Mis amigos se ayudan el uno", "al otro.", "Nos conocemos bien.", "¿Se conocen Uds.?", "Las dos hermanas se entienden", "bien.", "Roberto y Sonia se quieren.", "Ellos se ven todos los días.", "Helen and Paula help each other", "a lot.", "My friends help each other.", "We know each other well.", "Do you know each other:", "The two sisters understand each", "other well.", "Robert and Sonia love each other", "They see each other every day."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 202, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Se and Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In impersonal expressions with se, the verb has no personal subject. In English these sentences are translated by subjects such as one, you, they, people (in general), or by the passive voice."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular or plural of the verb is used in these expressions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0203-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["English Construction", "How do you say \"hello\" in Spanish?", "Spanish Construction", "¿Cómo se dice \"hello\" en español?", "Se vive bien en este país.", "One lives well in this country.", "Se cree que los italianos son", "It is believed (one believes / people", "románticos.", "believe) that Italians are romantic", "Se sabe que él es un buen", "It is known that he is a good worker.", "trabajador:", "Aquí se habla español.", "No se permite nadar aquí.", "¿ Dónde se puede estacionar", "｛", "One speaks Spanish here.", "Spanish is spoken here.", "It is not permitted to swim here.", "Where can one park in New York!", "en Nueva York?", "Se prohíbe fumar.", "It is prohibited to smoke."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Se prohíbe fumar.", "back": "It is prohibited to smoke."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 203, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "12.4", "ansAnchor": "ch12ans4", "instruction": "Complete the story by filling in the blanks with the verbs in parentheses.", "extra": ["Ricardo ___________________ (1. wakes up) a las seis todos los días. Él ___________________ (2. takes a shower) antes de ___________________ (3. to get dressed). Le gusta ___________________ (4. to have breakfast) en casa antes de salir para su trabajo. Ricardo ___________________ (5. meets with) sus colegas a las siete y media de la mañana. Todos son bomberos y ___________________ (6. dedicate themselves) a apagar incendios. ___________________ (7. They help each other).", "___________________ (8. One says) que los bomberos son héroes;", "___________________ (9. they dare to) a entrar en edificios peligrosos", "sin ___________________ (10. to worry). Ellos ayudan a la gente a", "___________________ (11. calm down) y ___________________ (12. to feel)", "mejor. De vez en cuando, ___________________ (13. they delay) en apagar el incendio y el edificio ___________________ (14. gets burned). Ricardo", "___________________ (15. stays) en la estación de bomberos por tres días.", "Al regresar a casa, él come algo, ___________________ (16. takes a bath),", "___________________ (17. goes to bed) temprano y ___________________", "(18. falls asleep) rápidamente."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se despierta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se ducha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "vestirse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "desayunarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se encuentra con / se reúne con", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Se ayudan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Se dice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se atreven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "preocuparse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "tranquilizarse/calmarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sentirse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se quema", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "se queda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se baña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se acuesta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se duerme", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "12.4 1. se despierta 2. se ducha 3. vestirse 4. desayunarse 5. se encuentra con / se reúne con 6. se dedican 7. Se ayudan 8. Se dice 9. se atreven 10. preocuparse 11. tranquilizarse/calmarse 12. sentirse 13. se demoran 14. se quema 15. se queda 16. se baña 17. se acuesta 18. se duerme", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se despierta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se ducha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "vestirse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "desayunarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se encuentra con / se reúne con", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se dedican", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Se ayudan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Se dice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se atreven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "preocuparse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "tranquilizarse/calmarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sentirse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "se demoran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se quema", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "se queda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se baña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se acuesta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se duerme", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se despierta 2. se ducha 3. vestirse 4. desayunarse 5. se encuentra con / se reúne con 6. se dedican 7. Se ayudan 8. Se dice 9. se atreven 10. preocuparse 11. tranquilizarse/calmarse 12. sentirse 13. se demoran 14. se quema 15. se queda 16. se baña 17. se acuesta 18. se duerme"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El encuentro"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me despierto bien. Me gustan las cortinas delgadas porque dejan entrar la luz de la mañana. Más allá de mi ventana, veo las plantas exuberantes de verde radiante. Después de ducharme largamente, me pongo un vestido sencillo pero elegante y salgo del hotel con el libro de turismo en mi bolsa. Busco un restaurante acogedor para tomar el primer café del día. Entro en uno que tiene un ambiente agradable y miro todos los pasteles. No puedo escoger entre el de nata y la torta con crema y fruta; pues, pido dos pasteles y un café solo, y me los da. Me siento en una mesa hermosa para dos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El café está fuerte y delicioso. No hay razón para apresurarme y como los pasteles tranquilamente. El restaurante se llena; se ve que la gente es muy amable y habladora. Conversan con todo el cuerpo, sobre todo con las manos. ¿De qué hablan, tan animados, a esta hora tan temprano de la mañana?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "No conozco a nadie. Pero me parece posible encontrarme a alguien, a una persona con quien pueda tener una conversación interesante. (Este restaurante es un buen sitio; no me muevo de aquí por un rato.) Alguien va a verme, aquí sentada, y en vez de pasar por mi mesa sin decir nada, me va a decir; “Señorita, está ocupada esta silla?” Yo le voy a contestar con una sonrisa, “No, Ud. puede sentarse.” Y él se sienta complacido. Dentro de poco somos amigos, y después de tomar otro café y otro pastel, él me invita a acompañarlo a un museo y tomar un vino con él. Charlamos y nos reímos y nos divertimos mucho durante nuestra cena de pescado y camarones. A lo lejos, en la distancia, lo veo venir."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "apresurarse", "charlar", "conversar", "dejar", "to rush", "to chat", "to converse", "to let", "Nombres", "los camarones", "la nata", "el pastel", "the shrimp", "the cream", "the pastry", "Adjetivos", "acogedor", "animado", "complacido", "delgado", "cozy", "energetic, excited", "satisfied", "thin, slim", "Expresiones", "a lo lejos", "más allá de mi ventana", "sobre todo", "escoger", "llenarse", "moverse", "pedir", "hablador(-a)", "ocupado", "radiante", "sentado", "far away", "outside my window", "ahore all", "to choose", "to fill up", "to move", "to ask for, to request", "talkative", "busy", "radiant", "seated"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9459459459459459, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "apresurarse", "back": "to rush"}, {"front": "escoger", "back": "to choose"}, {"front": "charlar", "back": "to chat"}, {"front": "llenarse", "back": "to fill up"}, {"front": "conversar", "back": "to converse"}, {"front": "moverse", "back": "to move"}, {"front": "dejar", "back": "to let"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "to ask for, to request"}, {"front": "acogedor", "back": "cozy"}, {"front": "hablador(-a)", "back": "talkative"}, {"front": "animado", "back": "energetic, excited"}, {"front": "ocupado", "back": "busy"}, {"front": "complacido", "back": "satisfied"}, {"front": "radiante", "back": "radiant"}, {"front": "delgado", "back": "thin, slim"}, {"front": "sentado", "back": "seated"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 205, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cómo se despierta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. Después de vestirse, ¿adónde va?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Por qué escoge ella una mesa para dos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Mientras ella come los pasteles, ¿lee Isabel su libro?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Dónde tiene lugar la conversación que ella tiene con el hombre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Al final de este cuento, ¿está ella sola o acompañada?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch13", "number": 13, "title": "The Present Subjunctive", "part": 2, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive is a mood in the present tense, widely used in Spanish but rarely used in English. So far you have studied the present tense in the indicative mood, the most frequently used mood in the language. This chapter introduces the present subjunctive. It is important to learn it now so that you can express yourself confidently and freely in the present tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The subjunctive is often needed after the following elements."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjective clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Almost all verbs form the present subjunctive from the first-person singular yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o to get the stem for the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative are irregular in the present subjunctive in the same way."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• There are only six verbs that do not form the present subjunctive from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -ar verbs in the present subjunctive, you start with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "cantar", "bailar", "cerrar", "pensar", "recordar", "yo Form", "canto", "bailo", "cierro", "pienso", "recuerdo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo cante", "tú cantes", "él cante", "yo baile", "tú bailes", "ella baile", "yo cierre", "tú cierres", "Ud. cierre", "yo piense", "tú pienses", "ella piense", "yo recuerde", "tú recuerdes", "él recuerde", "nosotros cantemos", "vosotros cantéis", "ellos canten", "nosotros bailemos", "vosotros bailéis", "ellas bailen", "nosotros cerremos", "vosotros cerréis", "Uds. cierren", "nosotros pensemos", "vosotros penséis", "ellas piensen", "nosotros recordemos", "vosotros recordéis", "ellos recuerden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "cantar", "back": "canto"}, {"front": "yo cante", "back": "nosotros cantemos"}, {"front": "bailar", "back": "bailo"}, {"front": "yo baile", "back": "nosotros bailemos"}, {"front": "cerrar", "back": "cierro"}, {"front": "yo cierre", "back": "nosotros cerremos"}, {"front": "pensar", "back": "pienso"}, {"front": "yo piense", "back": "nosotros pensemos"}, {"front": "recordar", "back": "recuerdo"}, {"front": "yo recuerde", "back": "nosotros recordemos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 207, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the first-person singular and the third-personal singular are identical in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The first two examples, cantar and bailar, are regular. The last three, cerrar, pensar, and recordar, are irregular in the present indicative. Note that their stem changes in the present indicative are also present in the present subjunctive, except in the nosotros and vosotros forms, which are unaffected by stem changes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The formation of the subjunctive comes from the conjugation of the first- person singular of the present indicative. Any irregularity that the verb has in the present indicative yo form also occurs in the present subjunctive. To learn the subjunctive well, practice the yo form of the verbs, because that will be the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -er and -ir verbs in the present subjunctive, you drop the -o from the first-person singular of the present indicative and add -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "comer", "querer", "poder", "ver", "yo Form", "como", "quiero", "puedo", "veo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo coma", "tú comas", "él coma", "yo quiera", "tú quieras", "ella quiera", "yo pueda", "tú puedas", "Ud. pueda", "yo vea", "tú veas", "el ven", "nosotros comamos", "vosotros comáis", "ellos coman", "nosotros queramos", "vosotros queráis", "ellas quieran", "nosotros podamos", "vosotros podáis", "Uds. puedan", "nosotros veamos", "vosotros veáis", "ellos ven"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8875, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "comer", "back": "como"}, {"front": "yo coma", "back": "nosotros comamos"}, {"front": "querer", "back": "quiero"}, {"front": "yo quiera", "back": "nosotros queramos"}, {"front": "poder", "back": "puedo"}, {"front": "yo pueda", "back": "nosotros podamos"}, {"front": "ver", "back": "veo"}, {"front": "yo vea", "back": "nosotros veamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 208, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "vivir", "yo Form", "vivo", "mentir", "miento", "pedir", "pido", "dormir", "duermo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo viva", "tú vivas", "él viva", "yo mienta", "tú mientas", "ella mienta", "yo pida", "tú pidas", "Ud. pida", "yo duerma", "tú duermas", "nosotros vivamos", "vosotros viváis", "ellos vivan", "nosotros mintamos", "vosotros mintáis", "ellas mientan", "nosotros pidamos", "vosotros pidáis", "Uds. pidan", "nosotros durmamos", "vosotros durmáis", "ellos duerman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8875, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "vivir", "back": "vivo"}, {"front": "yo viva", "back": "nosotros vivamos"}, {"front": "mentir", "back": "miento"}, {"front": "yo mienta", "back": "nosotros mintamos"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "pido"}, {"front": "yo pida", "back": "nosotros pidamos"}, {"front": "dormir", "back": "duermo"}, {"front": "yo duerma", "back": "nosotros durmamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 208, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: In the irregular -ir verbs, there is an additional irregularity in the nosotros and vosotros forms. The stem change e. ie or e. i has an -i- in the nosotros and vosotros forms. The stem change o. ue has a -u- in the nosotros and vosotros forms."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the present subjunctive, certain -er and -ir verbs carry the irregularity of the first-person singular throughout the conjugation. There are no -ar verbs that have this irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "conocer", "yo Form", "conozco", "decir", "digo", "hacer", "hago", "poner", "pongo", "salir", "salgo", "tener", "tengo", "traer", "traigo", "venir", "vengo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo conozca", "tú conozcas", "él conozca", "yo diga", "tú digas", "ella diga", "o hag:", "ú haga:", "Ud. haga", "yo ponga", "tú pongas", "él ponga", "yo salga", "tú salgas", "ella salga", "yo tenga", "tú tengas", "Ud. tenga", "yo traiga", "tú traigas", "él traiga", "yo venga", "tú vengas", "ella venga", "nosotros conozcamos", "vosotros conozcáis", "ellos conozcan", "nosotros digamos", "vosotros digáis", "ellas digan", "nosotros hagamos", "vosotros hagáis", "Uds. hagan", "nosotros pongamos", "vosotros pongáis", "ellos pongan", "nosotros salgamos", "vosotros salgáis", "ellas salgan", "nosotros tengamos", "vosotros tengáis", "Uds. tengan", "nosotros traigamos", "vosotros traigáis", "ellos traigan", "nosotros vengamos", "vosotros vengáis", "ellas vengan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9701492537313433, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "conocer", "back": "conozco"}, {"front": "yo conozca", "back": "nosotros conozcamos"}, {"front": "decir", "back": "digo"}, {"front": "yo diga", "back": "nosotros digamos"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "hago"}, {"front": "o hag:", "back": "nosotros hagamos"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "pongo"}, {"front": "yo ponga", "back": "nosotros pongamos"}, {"front": "salir", "back": "salgo"}, {"front": "yo salga", "back": "nosotros salgamos"}, {"front": "tener", "back": "tengo"}, {"front": "yo tenga", "back": "nosotros tengamos"}, {"front": "traer", "back": "traigo"}, {"front": "yo traiga", "back": "nosotros traigamos"}, {"front": "venir", "back": "vengo"}, {"front": "yo venga", "back": "nosotros vengamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 209, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs that have a present subjunctive that is not formed from the first-person singular. They are irregular in that they cannot be formed from the yo form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dar", "yo Form", "doy", "estar", "estoy", "voy", "saber", "sé", "ser", "soy", "haber", "he", "Present Subjunctive", "yo dé", "nosotros demos", "tú des", "vosotros deis", "él dé", "ellos den", "yo esté", "tú estés", "ella esté", "yo vaya", "tú vayas", "Ud. vaya", "yo sepa", "tú sepas", "él separ", "yo sea", "tú seas", "ella sea", "yo haya", "tú hayas", "Ud. haya", "nosotros estemos", "vosotros estéis", "ellas estén", "nosotros vayamos", "vosotros vayáis", "Uds. vayan", "nosotros sepamos", "vosotros sepáis", "ellos sepan", "nosotros seamos", "vosotros seáis", "ellas sean", "nosotros hayamos", "vosotros hayáis", "Uds. hayan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "dar", "back": "doy"}, {"front": "yo dé", "back": "nosotros demos"}, {"front": "estar", "back": "estoy"}, {"front": "yo esté", "back": "nosotros estemos"}, {"front": "saber", "back": "sé"}, {"front": "yo sepa", "back": "nosotros sepamos"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "soy"}, {"front": "yo sea", "back": "nosotros seamos"}, {"front": "haber", "back": "he"}, {"front": "yo haya", "back": "nosotros hayamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 210, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES: Dé (the form for both the first- and third-person singular of dar) has a written accent to distinguish it from de (of)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber. You will not need this form for any other use at this time."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common spelling changes are the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "apagar", "buscar", "comenzar", "empezar", "explicar", "llegar", "tocar", "yo Form", "apago", "busco", "comienzo", "empiezo", "explico", "llego", "toco", "Present Subjunctive", "yo apague", "tú apagues", "él apague", "yo busque", "tú busques", "Ud. busque", "yo comience", "tú comiences", "ella comience", "yo empiece", "tú empieces", "él empiece", "yo explique", "tú expliques", "Ud. explique", "yo llegue", "tú llegues", "ella llegue", "yo toque", "tú toques", "Ud. toque", "nosotros apaguemos", "vosotros apaguéis", "ellos apaguen", "nosotros busquemos", "vosotros busquéis", "Uds. busquen", "nosotros comencemos", "vosotros comencéis", "ellas comiencen", "nosotros empecemos", "vosotros empecéis", "ellos empiecen", "nosotros expliquemos", "vosotros expliquéis", "Uds. expliquen", "nosotros lleguemos", "vosotros lleguéis", "ellas lleguen", "nosotros toquemos", "vosotros toquéis", "Uds. toquen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "apagar", "back": "apago"}, {"front": "yo apague", "back": "nosotros apaguemos"}, {"front": "buscar", "back": "busco"}, {"front": "yo busque", "back": "nosotros busquemos"}, {"front": "comenzar", "back": "comienzo"}, {"front": "yo comience", "back": "nosotros comencemos"}, {"front": "empezar", "back": "empiezo"}, {"front": "yo empiece", "back": "nosotros empecemos"}, {"front": "explicar", "back": "explico"}, {"front": "yo explique", "back": "nosotros expliquemos"}, {"front": "llegar", "back": "llego"}, {"front": "yo llegue", "back": "nosotros lleguemos"}, {"front": "tocar", "back": "toco"}, {"front": "yo toque", "back": "nosotros toquemos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 211, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: The change z. c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound. The consonants c (before i and e), s, and z all have the same sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like the present indicative, the stress in the present subjunctive tense is on the second to last syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo cante, tú cantes, él cante, nosotros cantemos, ellos canten. If a word carries an accent mark, stress the accented syllable: vosotros cantéis."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone; it must always be caused by some other element in the sentence. This is a mood that expresses wishes, doubts, and what is possible, rather than what is certain. Following are the specific uses of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A sentence or question may consist of a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause connected by the Spanish conjunction que."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él sabe", "que yo cocino bien.", "= the main clause", "= the dependent clause"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Él sabe", "back": "= the main clause"}, {"front": "que yo cocino bien.", "back": "= the dependent clause"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has an impersonal expression, such as Es dudoso. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.", "It is doubtful that I cook well"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8736841971414131, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.", "back": "It is doubtful that I cook well"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Frequently used impersonal expressions are the following."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es bueno (que)", "it is good (that)", "es difícil (que)", "it is difficult (that)", "es dudoso (que)", "it is doubtful (that)", "es fácil (que)", "it is easy (that)", "es imposible (que)", "it is impossible (that)", "es importante (que)", "it is important (that)", "es malo (que)", "it is bad (that)", "es mejor (que)", "it is better (that)", "es necesario (que)", "it is necessary (that)", "es posible (que)", "it is possible (that)", "es probable (que)", "it is probable (that)", "es preciso (que)", "it is extremely necessary (that)", "es una lástima (que)", "it is a pity (that)", "es urgente (que)", "it is urgent (that)", "Es importante que ella coma bien. It is important that she eat well.", "Es necesario que estudiemos", "It is necessary that we study for", "para el examen.", "the test."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8736841971414131, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "es bueno (que)", "back": "it is good (that)"}, {"front": "es difícil (que)", "back": "it is difficult (that)"}, {"front": "es dudoso (que)", "back": "it is doubtful (that)"}, {"front": "es fácil (que)", "back": "it is easy (that)"}, {"front": "es imposible (que)", "back": "it is impossible (that)"}, {"front": "es importante (que)", "back": "it is important (that)"}, {"front": "es malo (que)", "back": "it is bad (that)"}, {"front": "es mejor (que)", "back": "it is better (that)"}, {"front": "es necesario (que)", "back": "it is necessary (that)"}, {"front": "es posible (que)", "back": "it is possible (that)"}, {"front": "es probable (que)", "back": "it is probable (that)"}, {"front": "es preciso (que)", "back": "it is extremely necessary (that)"}, {"front": "es una lástima (que)", "back": "it is a pity (that)"}, {"front": "es urgente (que)", "back": "it is urgent (that)"}, {"front": "Es necesario que estudiemos", "back": "It is necessary that we study for"}, {"front": "para el examen.", "back": "the test."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 212, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0213-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "¿ Es posible que ella venga", "mañana?", "Es probable que mi amiga me", "vea en el restaurante.", "Es un lástima que Pedro no lo", "quiera hacer:", "Es dudoso que viajemos a", "España.", "It is impossible that he is right.", "Is it possible that she will come", "tomorrow?", "It is probable that my friend will", "see me in the restaurant.", "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", "to do it.", "It is doubtful that we will travel", "to Spain."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "back": "It is impossible that he is right."}, {"front": "¿ Es posible que ella venga", "back": "Is it possible that she will come"}, {"front": "mañana?", "back": "tomorrow?"}, {"front": "Es probable que mi amiga me", "back": "It is probable that my friend will"}, {"front": "vea en el restaurante.", "back": "see me in the restaurant."}, {"front": "Es un lástima que Pedro no lo", "back": "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want"}, {"front": "quiera hacer:", "back": "to do it."}, {"front": "Es dudoso que viajemos a", "back": "It is doubtful that we will travel"}, {"front": "España.", "back": "to Spain."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 213, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Once you begin a sentence with one of the impersonal expressions above, it is mandatory to use the subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. These impersonal expressions in the main clause always trigger the subjunctive in the subordinate clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that some of the example sentences and questions above are translated with the future in English. This is because the present subjunctive carries with it a feeling of the future and doubt."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you wish to make a general statement with an impersonal expression, you need neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive. You simply use the structure you have already learned, which follows English word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0213-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es importante comer bien.", "¿'Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "Es posible salir temprano.", "Es bueno nadar cada día.", "It is important to eat well.", "Is it necessary to work a lot:", "It is possible to leave early.", "It is good to swim every day."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Es importante comer bien.", "back": "It is important to eat well."}, {"front": "¿'Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "back": "Is it necessary to work a lot:"}, {"front": "Es posible salir temprano.", "back": "It is possible to leave early."}, {"front": "Es bueno nadar cada día.", "back": "It is good to swim every day."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 213, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.1", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es posible que él me ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "2. Es una lástima que Sara no lo ___________________. (hacer)", "3. ¿Es posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi amigo Raúl? (conocer)", "4. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ bien. (dormir)", "5. Es importante que ella ___________________ bien las direcciones. (saber)", "6. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ mucha agua fría en el verano. (tomar)", "7. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ temprano. (levantarse)", "8. ¿Es posible que ella ___________________ a tiempo? (llegar)", "9. Es posible que yo ___________________ en Francia. (quedarse)", "10. Es probable que mucha gente importante ___________________ en la conferencia. (estar)", "11. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ una buena respuesta. (dar)", "12. Es urgente que tú ___________________ al doctor hoy. (ir)", "13. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ ricos. (ser)", "14. Es importante que los padres les ___________________ a sus hijos. (leer)", "15. La niña acaba de comer. Es imposible que ___________________ hambre. (tener)", "16. Es probable que nosotros le ___________________ flores al profesor. (traer)", "17. Es bueno que Uds. ___________________ mejor. (sentirse)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Es importante que nuestros amigos", "vengan", "a la fiesta. (venir)", "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber. You will not need this", "form for any other use at this time.", "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes", "simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common", "spelling changes are the following."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.1 1. diga 2. haga 3. conozcan 4. durmamos 5. sepa 6. tomemos 7. se levanten 8. llegue 9. me quede 10. esté 11. dé 12. vayas 13. sean 14. lean 15. tenga 16. traigamos 17. se sientan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. haga 3. conozcan 4. durmamos 5. sepa 6. tomemos 7. se levanten 8. llegue 9. me quede 10. esté 11. dé 12. vayas 13. sean 14. lean 15. tenga 16. traigamos 17. se sientan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express wishes or preferences with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The subject in the main clause must be different from the subject in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["querer", "desear", "preferir", "to want", "to desire, to want", "to prefer"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "preferir", "back": "to prefer"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él sabe", "que yo canto.", "= the main clause", "= the dependent clause"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Él sabe", "back": "= the main clause"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has one of the verbs above, such as Él quiere. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0214-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él quiere que yo cante.", "He wants that I sing", "He wants me to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 214, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not always show the distinction in moods like Spanish does. But even in the English translation of the above example, it is clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero que él baile.", "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "I want him to dance.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "basehall."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Quiero que él baile.", "back": "I want him to dance."}, {"front": "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "back": "We want her to be well."}, {"front": "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "back": "She prefers that her son play"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo quiero cantar:", "Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "I want to sing.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo quiero cantar:", "back": "I want to sing."}, {"front": "Deseamos descansar.", "back": "We want to rest."}, {"front": "Ella prefiere dormir.", "back": "She prefers to sleep"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0215-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse de", "to be glad", "esperar", "to hope", "estar contento de", "to be happy", "estar triste de", "to be sad", "gustarle a uno", "to be pleasing", "sentir", "to regret", "tener miedo de, temer", "to be afraid of, to fear", "Me alegro de que Uds. estén bien. I am glad that you are well.", "Esperamos que Ud. tenga un", "We hope that you have a good", "buen fin de semana.", "weekend.", "La maestra está contenta de que", "The teacher is happy that we do", "hagamos la tarea.", "the homework.", "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "Are you sad that we cannot", "aceptar tu invitación?", "accept your invitation?", "Me gusta que mi familia venga", "It pleases me that my family", "a verme.", "is coming to see me.", "Lo siento que Ud. nunca se gane", "I am sorry that you never win", "la lotería.", "the lottery."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "back": "Are you sad that we cannot"}, {"front": "la lotería.", "back": "the lottery."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 215, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El líder tiene miedo de que el", "grupo no resuelva el problema.", "Los padres temen que sus hijos", "no quieran estudiar.", "The leader fears that the group", "will not resolve the problem.", "The parents fear that their", "children don't want to study"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "El líder tiene miedo de que el", "back": "The leader fears that the group"}, {"front": "grupo no resuelva el problema.", "back": "will not resolve the problem."}, {"front": "Los padres temen que sus hijos", "back": "The parents fear that their"}, {"front": "no quieran estudiar.", "back": "children don't want to study"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, the sentence follows the basic structure that you have learned."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de estar aquí.", "El espera salir dentro de una hora.", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", "1 am glad to be here.", "He hopes to leave within the hour", "It pleases me to go to the movies.", "She is afraid of flying."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express orders, requests, or advice in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aconsejar", "decir", "dejar", "insistir en", "pedir", "permitir", "prohibir", "mandar", "sugerir", "to advise", "to tell (someone to do something)", "to permit, to let", "to insist", "to request, to ask for", "to permit", "to prohibit", "to order", "to suggest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te aconsejo que tomes el tren.", "Ella insiste en que yo me quede.", "Les pedimos que vayan de", "vacaciones.", "Le sugiero que Ud. lea este", "artienlo", "I advise you to take the train.", "She insists that I stay.", "We ask them to go on vacation", "I suggest that you read this", "article"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar, permitir, prohibir, and mandar can be used in two ways."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0216-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Les dejo que entren.", "Les dejo entrar.", "Te permito que nades aquí.", "Te permito nadar aquí.", "Te prohíbo que fumes en la casa.", "Te prohíbo fumar en la casa.", "I let them enter.", "I permit you to swim here.", "I prohibit you to smoke in the", "house."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 216, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El capitán les manda que los", "soldados descansen. Les", "manda descansar", "The captain orders the soldiers", "to rest. He orders them to", "rest."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El capitán les manda que los", "back": "The captain orders the soldiers"}, {"front": "soldados descansen. Les", "back": "to rest. He orders them to"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Decir is used, as you have learned, to relate a fact. This idea is expressed with the indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes to"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "José nos dice que el tren viene.", "back": "Joe tells us that the train is"}, {"front": "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "back": "She tells me that she likes to"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, when decir is used to give an order, the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", "¿ Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed now", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", "back": "I tell you to go to the doctor."}, {"front": "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "back": "You tell me to stay."}, {"front": "Les decimos que se acuesten", "back": "We tell them to go to bed now"}, {"front": "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", "back": "He tells us to be careful."}, {"front": "¿ Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", "back": "Can you tell her to call me?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that when English to tell is being used to order someone to do something, the command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell + the infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An English command is expressed as follows: He tells me to go."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare that to simply relating a fact: He tells me that the bus is here."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dudar", "no creer", "no pensar", "to doubt", "not to believe", "not to think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "dudar", "back": "to doubt"}, {"front": "no creer", "back": "not to believe"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", "a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how to", "play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", "back": "She doubts that I know how to"}, {"front": "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", "back": "The people don't believe that it"}, {"front": "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", "back": "We don't think that Daniel will"}, {"front": "a la fiesta.", "back": "invite us to the party."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 217, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.2", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present subjunctive.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "2. Él quiere que su amiga ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "3. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "4. Ellos se alegran de que el bebé ___________________. (dejar de llorar)", "5. Ellos nos piden que ___________________ mejor la idea. (explicar)", "6. A él no le gusta que yo siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "7. Rosa insiste en que su jefe le ___________________ más dinero. (dar)", "8. No creo que Alicia ___________________ la fecha. (saber)", "9. Ellas dudan que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)", "10. Les sugiero a sus padres que ___________________ de vacaciones. (ir)", "11. Me alegro de que no ___________________ nada grave. (ser)", "12. Los expertos nos aconsejan que ___________________ ejercicio. (hacer)", "13. Paula espera que su hermana ___________________ bien. (estar)", "14. Yo dudo que Uds. me ___________________ en la reunión. (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "vean", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.2 1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. vean", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "vean", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. vean"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.3", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans3", "instruction": "Rewrite the following indicative sentences so that the subjunctive is required. Choose any appropriate verb that causes the subjunctive to be needed in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE A mis padres les gusta viajar. Quiero que ellos viajen."], "prompts": ["1. Mi amigo tiene malos sueños. ___________________", "2. Ella no se divierte mucho. ___________________", "3. Nosotros somos buenos estudiantes. ___________________", "4. No vamos a volver a los Estados Unidos. ___________________", "5. Sara me trae flores a mi casa. ___________________", "6. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi tío? [Write a response.] ___________________", "7. Mi hermano y yo no nos vemos mucho. ___________________", "8. ¿Hay clase los lunes? ___________________", "9. Carla es de Polonia. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "13.3 Answers will vary. 1. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 2. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 3. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 4. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 5. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 6. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 7. Es una lástima que no nos veamos mucho. 8. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 9. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. 1. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 2. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 3. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 4. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 5. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 6. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 7. Es una lástima que no nos veamos mucho. 8. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 9. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.4", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans4", "instruction": "Indicative or subjunctive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ricardo prefiere que yo lo ___________________ en febrero. (visitar)", "2. Él quiere que nosotros le ___________________ recuerdos. (traer)", "3. Nos gusta que él nos ___________________. (amar)", "4. Es importante que nos ___________________ cada año. (ver)", "5. ¿Sabe Ud. que ellos ___________________ aquí? (estar)", "6. Yo pienso que Rosario ___________________ poco. (quejarse)", "7. Dudo que ella ___________________. (entender)", "8. Lo sentimos que tú no ___________________ acompañarnos. (poder)", "9. Espero que ella ___________________ de las instrucciones. (acordarse)", "10. ¿No crees que aquellas tortas ___________________ deliciosas? (estar)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Espero que Uds.", "Yo sé que Uds..", "tengan", "tienen", "un buen fin de semana. (tener)", "muchos amigos. (tener)", "clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to", "do something.", "Quiero que él baile.", "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "al béisbol.", "I want him to dance.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "baseball.", "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a", "dependent clause nor a subjunctive.", "Yo quiero cantar:", "Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "I want to sing.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep.", "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", "Verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other", "people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent", "clause."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vea/veamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "entienda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se acuerde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.4 1. visite 2. traigamos 3. ame 4. vea/veamos 5. están 6. se queja 7. entienda 8. puedas 9. se acuerde 10. estén", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vea/veamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "entienda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se acuerde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. visite 2. traigamos 3. ame 4. vea/veamos 5. están 6. se queja 7. entienda 8. puedas 9. se acuerde 10. estén"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.5", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans5", "instruction": "Complete the story with the correct form (subjunctive, indicative, or infinitive) of each verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["Mariana ___________________ (1. levantarse) temprano porque hoy sus nietos quieren ___________________ (2. ir) al circo. Ella insiste en que ellos ___________________ (3. desayunarse) bien antes de ___________________ (4. salir). Ella espera que", "___________________ (5. divertirse) mucho porque el circo ___________________ (6. venir) raras veces a su pueblo. Hace frío y ella", "les aconseja que ___________________ (7. ponerse) la chaqueta para el invierno. Ellos están contentos de que su abuela ___________________ (8. ser) tan simpática."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se levanta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se desayunen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se diviertan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se pongan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.5 1. se levanta 2. ir 3. se desayunen 4. salir 5. se diviertan 6. viene 7. se pongan 8. sea", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se levanta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se desayunen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se diviertan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se pongan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se levanta 2. ir 3. se desayunen 4. salir 5. se diviertan 6. viene 7. se pongan 8. sea"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A subjunctive form follows directly after one of the following conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject than the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a pesar de que", "antes de que", "después de que", "en caso de que", "hasta que", "para que", "sin que", "in spite of", "before", "after", "in case", "until", "in order that, so that", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "a pesar de que", "back": "in spite of"}, {"front": "antes de que", "back": "before"}, {"front": "después de que", "back": "after"}, {"front": "en caso de que", "back": "in case"}, {"front": "hasta que", "back": "until"}, {"front": "para que", "back": "in order that, so that"}, {"front": "sin que", "back": "without"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence in which there is only one subject."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "cantar.", "She practices the piano before", "singing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", "back": "She practices the piano before"}, {"front": "cantar.", "back": "singing."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following sentence, there are two subjects connected by the conjunction que."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "que él cante.", "She practices the piano before", "he sings."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", "back": "She practices the piano before"}, {"front": "que él cante.", "back": "he sings."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not show the distinction in moods the way Spanish does. However, there are clearly two subjects in the example above: she and he."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0220-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él enseña para que los", "estudiantes aprendan.", "Voy a esperar hasta que tú", "llegues.", "Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud. me", "ayude.", "He teaches so that the students", "learn.", "1 am going to wait until you", "arrive.", "I'm going to do it without your", "helping me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Él enseña para que los", "back": "He teaches so that the students"}, {"front": "estudiantes aprendan.", "back": "learn."}, {"front": "Voy a esperar hasta que tú", "back": "1 am going to wait until you"}, {"front": "llegues.", "back": "arrive."}, {"front": "Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud. me", "back": "I'm going to do it without your"}, {"front": "ayude.", "back": "helping me."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 220, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject in the sentence, an infinitive will follow the preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella estudia para aprender.", "Después de trabajar, ella descansa.", "Él habla sin pensar:", "She studies in order to learn", "After working, she rests.", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ella estudia para aprender.", "back": "She studies in order to learn"}, {"front": "Después de trabajar, ella descansa.", "back": "After working, she rests."}, {"front": "Él habla sin pensar:", "back": "He speaks without thinking."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some conjunctions of time always cause a subjunctive, whether there are two subjects or only one in the sentence. Such conjunctions are the following."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menos que", "unless", "luego que", "as soon as", "tan pronto como", "as soon as", "Vamos a bailar a menos que no", "haya música.", "Voy a llegar tan pronto como", "yo pueda.", "We are going to dance unless", "there is no music.", "I am going to arrive as soon as", "I can."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After cuando"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form directly follows cuando if the future is implied."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a viajar cuando tengamos", "tiempo y dinero.", "¿ Me puedes llamar cuando", "llegues a casa?", "El niño quiere ser bombero", "cuando sea grande.", "We are going to travel when we", "have time and money.", "Can you call me when you arrive", "home?", "The child wants to be a fireman", "when he grows up."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Vamos a viajar cuando tengamos", "back": "We are going to travel when we"}, {"front": "tiempo y dinero.", "back": "have time and money."}, {"front": "¿ Me puedes llamar cuando", "back": "Can you call me when you arrive"}, {"front": "llegues a casa?", "back": "home?"}, {"front": "El niño quiere ser bombero", "back": "The child wants to be a fireman"}, {"front": "cuando sea grande.", "back": "when he grows up."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a question, the indicative form is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "When are you going to be home!", "When do you want to travel?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "back": "When are you going to be home!"}, {"front": "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "back": "When do you want to travel?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a sentence that involves either a repeated action or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0221-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando hace frío, los niños", "juegan en la nieve.", "Ella se siente alegre cuando baila.", "Cuando voy a la playa, siempre", "me divierto.", "When it is cold, the children play", "in the snow.", "She feels happy when she dances", "When I go to the beach, I always", "have a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9791666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 221, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.6", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using the verbs and conjunctions in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ___________________ (after) yo ___________________ (to bathe myself), voy a vestirme.", "2. No voy ___________________ (unless) Uds. ___________________ (to go) también.", "3. Él va a invitar a su amiga a la fiesta ___________________ (as soon as) él ___________________ (to have) confianza.", "4. Les doy las instrucciones ___________________ (so that) ellos ___________________ (to know how) llegar.", "5. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto ___________________ (as soon as) Uds. ___________________ (to finish) su tarea.", "6. ___________________ (before) su novio ___________________ (to come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "7. Te presto el dinero ___________________ (so that) tú ___________________ (to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "8. Vamos a estar aquí ___________________ (until) ellos ___________________. (to arrive)", "9. ___________________ (in case) Uds. no ___________________ (to have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "10. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar ___________________ (so that) sus padres ___________________ (to be) contentos.", "11. ___________________ (in spite of) ellos ___________________ (to be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "12. Tú puedes venir a mi casa ___________________ (without) yo te ___________________. (to invite)", "13. Graciela va a descansar ___________________ (after) sus nietos ___________________. (to go away)", "14. Cuando Ud. ___________________ (to be able), ¿me puede acompañar al tren?", "15. Elena me va a ver cuando nosotros ___________________ (to meet) en México.", "16. Cuando ellos ___________________ (to return) a los Estados Unidos, van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "17. El hombre va a estar contento cuando ___________________ (to learn) a manejar."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Él va a limpiar su apartamento", "familia lo visite", ". (to visit)", "antes de que", "- (before) su", "José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes to", "travel.", "However, when decir is used to give an order, the subjunctive is used in the", "dependent clause.", "Yo te digo que vayas al doctor:", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", "¿Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed now.", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?", "Notice that when English to tell is being used to order someone to do", "something, the command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell", "+ the infinitive.", "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the", "subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.", "dudar", "to doubt", "no creer", "not to believe", "no pensar", "not to think", "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", "a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how to", "play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "A pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos reunamos / nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "vuelvan/regresen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "aprenda", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.6 1. Después de que, me bañe 2. a menos que, vayan 3. luego que, tenga 4. para que, sepan 5. luego que, terminen 6. Antes de que, venga 7. para que, puedas 8. hasta que, lleguen 9. En caso de que, tengan 10. para que, estén 11. A pesar de que, tengan 12. sin que, invite 13. después de que, se vayan 14. pueda 15. nos reunamos / nos encontremos 16. vuelvan/regresen 17. aprenda", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "A pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos reunamos / nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "vuelvan/regresen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "aprenda", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Después de que, me bañe 2. a menos que, vayan 3. luego que, tenga 4. para que, sepan 5. luego que, terminen 6. Antes de que, venga 7. para que, puedas 8. hasta que, lleguen 9. En caso de que, tengan 10. para que, estén 11. A pesar de que, tengan 12. sin que, invite 13. después de que, se vayan 14. pueda 15. nos reunamos / nos encontremos 16. vuelvan/regresen 17. aprenda"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Busco un apartmento que", "sea grande y barato.", "¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que", "sepa hablar alemán?", "¿ Hay alguien aquí que baile", "bien?", "No hay nadie que siempre", "tenga razón.", "I am looking for an apartment", "that is big and cheap.", "Do you know anyone who knows", "how to speak German?", "Is there anyone here who dances", "well?", "There is no one who is always", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por más que ella limpie, su", "casa está siempre desordenada.", "Por mucho que él coma, no", "se engorda.", "No matter how much she cleans", "her house is always a mess.", "No matter how much he eats,", "he doesn't get fat."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Por más que ella limpie, su", "back": "No matter how much she cleans"}, {"front": "casa está siempre desordenada.", "back": "her house is always a mess."}, {"front": "Por mucho que él coma, no", "back": "No matter how much he eats,"}, {"front": "se engorda.", "back": "he doesn't get fat."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0223-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "Ojalá que Uds. reciban el", "cheque.", "Ojalá que él se quede.", "Would to God that she has luck", "I hope you receive the check.", "Would to God that he stays."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "back": "Would to God that she has luck"}, {"front": "Ojalá que Uds. reciban el", "back": "I hope you receive the check."}, {"front": "Ojalá que él se quede.", "back": "Would to God that he stays."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 223, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After acaso, quizás, and tal vez"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Acaso él me visite mañana.", "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow", "Perhaps they will tell me the truth.", "Perhaps they will tell me lies."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "back": "Perhaps they will tell me the truth."}, {"front": "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "back": "Perhaps they will tell me lies."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After aunque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used if the action has not yet occurred."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy al cine aunque no vayan", "mis amigos.", "Aunque Pedro se quede esta", "noche, yo voy a salir.", "Aunque sea difícil, él lo puede", "hacer.", "I am going to the movies although", "my friends may not go.", "Although Peter may stay tonight,", "I am going to leave.", "Although it may be difficult,", "he can do it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After Compounds of -quiera"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quienquiera que esté aquí,", "puede salir con nosotros.", "Cualquiera que sea sincero,", "puede ser un buen amigo.", "Adondequiera que vayas,", "te deseo lo mejor:", "Dondequiera que estén ellos,", "los voy a buscar.", "Whoever is here can leave with us", "Whichever (one) is sincere can be", "a good friend.", "Wherever you go, I wish you the", "best.", "Wherever they are, I am going to", "look for them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "After como"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used after como if the meaning is however."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0224-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellas van a preparar la comida", "como tú quieras.", "They are going to prepare the meal", "however you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ellas van a preparar la comida", "back": "They are going to prepare the meal"}, {"front": "como tú quieras.", "back": "however you want."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 224, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.7", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Tal vez ellos ___________________ por la comida. (enfermarse)", "2. Ojalá que nosotros ___________________ hoy. (descansar)", "3. Aunque él ___________________ mañana, no quiero lavar el baño. (llegar)", "4. Por mucho que ellas ___________________, no van a hacer nada. (quejarse)", "5. Quienquiera que ___________________ bien, puede ser experto. (cocinar)", "6. Ojalá que tú ___________________ bien esta noche. (dormir)", "7. Aunque ___________________ mucho tráfico, queremos viajar. (haber)", "8. Mi amiga busca un apartamento que ___________________ tres cuartos. (tener)", "9. Carlos necesita una casa que ___________________ en el campo. (estar)", "10. El hombre quiere hacer el proyecto como Ud. lo ___________________. (querer)", "11. No conozco a nadie que me ___________________ a la playa. (acompañar)", "12. Ella busca un novio que ___________________ inteligente. (ser)", "13. Quizás él ___________________ la semana que viene. (venir)", "14. Por más que Tomás ___________________, no sabe nada. (hablar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.7 1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.8", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans8", "instruction": "Subjunctive or indicative? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es importante que yo ___________________ temprano. (acostarse)", "2. Esperamos que ella ___________________. (mejorarse)", "3. Yo sé que las lecciones ___________________ difíciles. (ser)", "4. ¿Quiere Ud. que Leopoldo ___________________ la historia? (estudiar)", "5. No pienso que Loreta ___________________ bien el violín. (tocar)", "6. Sabemos que a ella no le ___________________ practicar. (gustar)", "7. Lo sentimos que Uds. no ___________________ a la conferencia mañana. (ir)", "8. Es posible que ___________________ mucha gente interesante. (haber)", "9. Espero que ellos ___________________ en su casa cuando yo ___________________. (estar/llegar)", "10. Cuando Linda ___________________ de vacaciones, ella se relaja siempre. (ir)", "11. María quiere que Pedro ___________________ a sus padres. (conocer)", "12. Por mucho que yo ___________________, no pierdo peso. (nadar)", "13. Ojalá que Uds. ___________________ pronto. (volver)", "14. Ella quiere que tú la ___________________ el primero de mayo. (visitar)", "15. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que ___________________ hacer todo lo que quiere hacer? (poder)", "16. La madre quiere que los niños ___________________ la mesa. (poner)", "17. Ella insiste en que ellos ___________________ la tarea antes de jugar. (hacer)", "18. Se alegran de que Uds. ___________________ mejor. Esperan que Uds. ___________________ bien y contentos. (sentirse/estar)", "19. ¿Por qué dudas que Rosa y Reinaldo ___________________ en noviembre? (casarse)", "20. Te aconsejo que ___________________ al dentista tres veces por año. (ir)", "21. Pensamos que tú ___________________ despertarte más temprano para llegar a tiempo. (deber)", "22. Carmen piensa que su amigo ___________________ un buen carro. (necesitar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me acueste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se mejore", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "toque", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estén, llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "vuelvan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "visites", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "pongan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se sientan, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "se casen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "debes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "necesita", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.8 1. me acueste 2. se mejore 3. son 4. estudie 5. toque 6. gusta 7. vayan 8. haya 9. estén, llegue 10. va 11. conozca 12. nade 13. vuelvan 14. visites 15. pueda 16. pongan 17. hagan 18. se sientan, estén 19. se casen 20. vayas 21. debes 22. necesita", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me acueste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se mejore", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "toque", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estén, llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "va", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "vuelvan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "visites", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "pongan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se sientan, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "se casen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "debes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "necesita", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me acueste 2. se mejore 3. son 4. estudie 5. toque 6. gusta 7. vayan 8. haya 9. estén, llegue 10. va 11. conozca 12. nade 13. vuelvan 14. visites 15. pueda 16. pongan 17. hagan 18. se sientan, estén 19. se casen 20. vayas 21. debes 22. necesita"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.9", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans9", "instruction": "Subjunctive, indicative, or infinitive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. José y Susana están enamorados y ___________________ casarse. (querer)", "2. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ la respuesta correcta. (dar)", "3. ¿Es importante ___________________ honesto en este mundo? (ser)", "4. Después de ___________________ ocho horas, me siento bien. (dormir)", "5. Hablo despacio para que mis estudiantes me ___________________. (entender)", "6. A Francisco le gusta ___________________ mucho. (leer)", "7. A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella ___________________ mucho. (reírse)", "8. Te pido que ___________________ tu oficio. (hacer)", "9. Yo sé que el restaurante que nos gusta ___________________ lejos de tu oficina. ¿Quieres que yo ___________________ otro? (estar/escoger)", "10. ¿Es posible que nosotros ___________________ cenar juntos? (poder)", "11. Es importante que Uds. ___________________ del edificio rápida y tranquilamente. (salir)", "12. ¿Es importante ___________________ bien para ___________________ bien? (comer/vivir)", "13. Carla tiene la bolsa que me ___________________. (gustar)", "14. Ella me dice que los guantes ___________________ de cuero. (ser)", "15. ¿Quieren ellos que nosotros ___________________ los artículos sobre la contaminación de las ciudades grandes? (buscar)", "16. ¿Sabe Ud. por qué Irene no ___________________ nunca la chaqueta cuando ___________________ frío? (ponerse/hacer)", "17. Me alegro de ___________________ aquí. Me alegro de que Uds. ___________________ aquí también. (estar/estar)", "18. ¿Es necesario ___________________ para ___________________ otro idioma? (viajar/aprender)", "19. Les muestro a Uds. las fotos luego que ___________________. (llegar)", "20. Él se alegra de que su esposa ___________________ abogada. (ser)", "21. Ella prefiere ___________________ hasta las nueve, pero su jefe prefiere que ella ___________________ más temprano. (dormir/despertarse)", "22. Es preciso que Uds. no le ___________________ que su hermana está en la ciudad. Es una sorpresa y ella quiere ___________________ sin que él lo ___________________. (decir/llegar/saber)", "23. Nos gusta ___________________ todo. (compartir)", "24. Los padres le prohíben a Guillermo que ___________________ chocolates. (comer)", "25. Quiero que Uds. ___________________ éxito en todo que hagan. (tener)", "26. Ojalá que tú ___________________. (quedarse)", "27. Te espero hasta que tú ___________________. (regresar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quieren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dormir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "entiendan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "leer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está, escoja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "podamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "salgan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "busquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "se pone, hace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "estar, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "viajar, aprender", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "dormir, se despierte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "digan, llegar, sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "compartir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "coma", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "te quedes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "regreses", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.9 1. quieren 2. dé 3. ser 4. dormir 5. entiendan 6. leer 7. se ríe 8. hagas 9. está, escoja 10. podamos 11. salgan 12. comer, vivir 13. gusta 14. son 15. busquemos 16. se pone, hace 17. estar, estén 18. viajar, aprender 19. lleguen 20. sea 21. dormir, se despierte 22. digan, llegar, sepa 23. compartir 24. coma 25. tengan 26. te quedes 27. regreses", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quieren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dormir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "entiendan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "leer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se ríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está, escoja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "podamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "salgan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "busquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "se pone, hace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "estar, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "viajar, aprender", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "dormir, se despierte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "digan, llegar, sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "compartir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "coma", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "te quedes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "regreses", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quieren 2. dé 3. ser 4. dormir 5. entiendan 6. leer 7. se ríe 8. hagas 9. está, escoja 10. podamos 11. salgan 12. comer, vivir 13. gusta 14. son 15. busquemos 16. se pone, hace 17. estar, estén 18. viajar, aprender 19. lleguen 20. sea 21. dormir, se despierte 22. digan, llegar, sepa 23. compartir 24. coma 25. tengan 26. te quedes 27. regreses"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.10", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans10", "instruction": "Change the following sentences to the subjunctive mood if necessary.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Enrique se va. (No me gusta)", "2. Ella le da flores a su esposo. (Él se alegra)", "3. Ella sabe la fecha. (Es importante)", "4. Mis amigos están bien. (Me alegro)", "5. Paula conoce a Raúl. (Es dudoso)", "6. Yo soy una buena estudiante. (Es posible)", "7. La película empieza a las dos. (Esperamos)", "8. Hace buen tiempo hoy. (Ojalá)", "9. El tren llega a tiempo. (Tal vez)", "10. Rosa tiene mucha suerte. (Quiero)", "11. Nos vemos mucho. (Me alegro)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Ricardo no cocina. (Es una lástima)", "Es una lástima que no cocine.", "4. Les doy las instrucciones", "(so that) ellos", "(to know how) llegar.", "5. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto", "Uds.", "- (as soon as)", "(to finish) su tarea.", "(before) su novio", "come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "7. Te presto el dinero", "_ (to", "8. Vamos a estar aquí", "_ (so that) tú", "(to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "_ (until) ellos", "_. (to arrive)", "(in case) Uds. no", "have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "10. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar", "(so that) sus padres _", "be) contentos.", "11.", "(in spite of) ellos", "be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "12. Tú puedes venir a mi casa", "• (to invite)", "_ (without) yo te", "13. Graciela va a descansar", "(after) sus nietos", "• (to go away)", "14. Cuando Ud.", "acompañar al tren?", "15. Elena me va a ver cuando nosotros", "en Mexico.", "16. Cuando ellos", "van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "17. El hombre va a estar contento cuando _", "learn) a manejar.", "(to be able), ¿me puede", "_ (to meet)", "(to return) a los Estados Unidos,", "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or", "person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No me gusta que se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Es importante que ella sepa la fecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.10 1. No me gusta que se vaya. 2. Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo. 3. Es importante que ella sepa la fecha. 4. Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien. 5. Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl. 6. Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante. 7. Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos. 8. Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy. 9. Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo. 10. Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte. 11. Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No me gusta que se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Es importante que ella sepa la fecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No me gusta que se vaya. 2. Él se alegra de que ella le dé flores a su esposo. 3. Es importante que ella sepa la fecha. 4. Me alegro de que mis amigos estén bien. 5. Es dudoso que Paula conozca a Raúl. 6. Es posible que yo sea una buena estudiante. 7. Esperamos que la película empiece a las dos. 8. Ojalá que haga buen tiempo hoy. 9. Tal vez el tren llegue a tiempo. 10. Quiero que Rosa tenga mucha suerte. 11. Me alegro de que nos veamos mucho."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.11", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans11", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Peter doesn’t think that the trip will be good.", "2. I am glad to know you.", "3. We hope that you are feeling better.", "4. Can you call me when you arrive home?", "5. Laura insists that the children put on their jackets.", "6. Roberto hopes that Julia will dance with him tonight."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Me alegro de conocerle", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Esperamos que te sientas mejor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.11 1. Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno. 2. Me alegro de conocerle. 3. Esperamos que te sientas mejor. 4. ¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa? 5. Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta. 6. Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Me alegro de conocerle", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Esperamos que te sientas mejor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Pedro no piensa que el viaje sea bueno. 2. Me alegro de conocerle. 3. Esperamos que te sientas mejor. 4. ¿Me puede llamar cuando llegue a casa? 5. Laura insiste en que los niños se pongan la chaqueta. 6. Roberto espera que Julia baile con él esta noche."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "13.12", "ansAnchor": "ch13ans12", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part II.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. abrazar", "2. acompañar", "3. aconsejar", "4. acordarse", "5. acostarse", "6. afeitarse", "7. agradar", "8. agradecer", "9. alegrarse", "10. amar", "11. andar", "12. animarse", "13. apresurarse", "14. aprovecharse", "15. arreglarse", "16. asistir", "17. asustarse", "18. atreverse", "19. ayudar", "20. bajarse", "21. bañarse", "22. besar", "23. burlarse", "24. buscar", "25. caerse", "26. callarse", "27. calmarse", "28. cargar", "29. cepillarse", "30. charlar", "31. cobrar", "32. comenzar", "33. conocer", "34. contar", "35. convenir", "36. conversar", "37. cuidar", "38. dar", "39. darse cuenta", "40. decir", "41. dedicarse", "42. defenderse", "43. dejar", "44. demorarse", "45. desayunarse", "46. desear", "47. despedirse", "48. despertarse", "49. divertirse", "50. doler", "51. dormirse", "52. ducharse", "53. dudar", "54. enamorarse", "55. encantar", "56. encontrarse", "57. enfadarse", "58. enfermarse", "59. enojarse", "60. enseñar", "61. enviar", "62. equivocarse", "63. escoger", "64. esperar", "65. expresarse", "66. extrañar", "67. faltar", "68. fascinar", "69. fiarse", "70. fijarse", "71. gritar", "72. haber", "73. hacerse", "74. hallar", "75. importar", "76. insistir", "77. interesar", "78. invitar", "79. irse", "80. lastimarse", "81. lavarse", "82. levantarse", "83. llamar", "84. llamarse", "85. mandar", "86. maquillarse", "87. matar", "88. mejorarse", "89. meterse", "90. molestar", "91. morirse", "92. moverse", "93. mudarse", "94. pararse", "95. parecer", "96. parecerse", "97. pedir", "98. peinarse", "99. permitir", "100. pintarse", "101. ponerse", "102. portarse", "103. preguntar", "104. preguntarse", "105. preocuparse", "106. prestar", "107. prohibir", "108. quedarse", "109. quejarse", "110. quemarse", "111. quitarse", "112. recoger", "113. reírse", "114. reunirse", "115. saltar", "116. saludar", "117. sentarse", "118. sentirse", "119. sugerir", "120. tardar", "121. traer", "122. tranquilizarse", "123. ver", "124. vestirse", "125. visitar", "126. volverse"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to embrace", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to accompany", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to advise", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to go to bed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to shave", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to be agreeable", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to thank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to become happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to love", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to cheer up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to rush", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to take advantage of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to fix oneself up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to attend (an event)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to get frightened", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to dare", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to help", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to get off", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to bathe oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to kiss", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to make fun of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to look for", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to become quiet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to carry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to brush (one’s hair/teeth)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to chat", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to charge", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to be acquainted with, to know", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to tell a story", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to be convenient to", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to converse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to take care of", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to give", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to realize", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to say, to tell", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to dedicate oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to defend oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to leave (something or someone)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to have breakfast", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to desire, to want", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to take one’s leave", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to wake up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to have a good time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to be painful, to hurt", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 51, "answer": "to fall asleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 52, "answer": "to take a shower", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 53, "answer": "to doubt", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 54, "answer": "to fall in love", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 55, "answer": "to be enchanting", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 56, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 57, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 58, "answer": "to get sick", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 59, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 60, "answer": "to teach", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 61, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 62, "answer": "to make a mistake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 63, "answer": "to choose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 64, "answer": "to wait for", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 65, "answer": "to express oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 66, "answer": "to miss (a person or place)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 67, "answer": "to lack", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 68, "answer": "to be fascinating", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 69, "answer": "to trust", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 70, "answer": "to notice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 71, "answer": "to yell at", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 72, "answer": "to have (helping verb)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 73, "answer": "to become (a profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 74, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 75, "answer": "to be important", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 76, "answer": "to insist", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 77, "answer": "to interest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 78, "answer": "to invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 79, "answer": "to go away, to leave quickly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 80, "answer": "to hurt oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 81, "answer": "to wash oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 82, "answer": "to get up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 83, "answer": "to call", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 84, "answer": "to call oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 85, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 86, "answer": "to put makeup on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 87, "answer": "to kill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 88, "answer": "to get better", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 89, "answer": "to meddle, to get involved in", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 90, "answer": "to be annoying, to bother", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 91, "answer": "to die", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 92, "answer": "to move", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 93, "answer": "to move (from one place to another)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 94, "answer": "to stand up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 95, "answer": "to seem", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 96, "answer": "to resemble", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 97, "answer": "to ask for, to request", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 98, "answer": "to comb (one’s hair)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 99, "answer": "to permit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 100, "answer": "to put makeup on, to put nail polish on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 101, "answer": "to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 102, "answer": "to behave oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 103, "answer": "to ask, to question", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 104, "answer": "to wonder", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 105, "answer": "to worry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 106, "answer": "to lend", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 107, "answer": "to prohibit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 108, "answer": "to remain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 109, "answer": "to complain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 110, "answer": "to burn oneself", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 111, "answer": "to take off (clothing)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 112, "answer": "to pick up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 113, "answer": "to laugh", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 114, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 115, "answer": "to jump", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 116, "answer": "to greet", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 117, "answer": "to sit down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 118, "answer": "to feel (health or emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 119, "answer": "to suggest", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 120, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 121, "answer": "to bring", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 122, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 123, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 124, "answer": "to get dressed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 125, "answer": "to visit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 126, "answer": "to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "13.12 1. to embrace 2. to accompany 3. to advise 4. to remember 5. to go to bed 6. to shave 7. to be agreeable 8. to thank 9. to become happy 10. to love 11. to walk 12. to cheer up 13. to rush 14. to take advantage of 15. to fix oneself up 16. to attend (an event) 17. to get frightened 18. to dare 19. to help 20. to get off 21. to bathe oneself 22. to kiss 23. to make fun of 24. to look for 25. to fall down 26. to become quiet 27. to calm down 28. to carry 29. to brush (one’s hair/teeth) 30. to chat 31. to charge 32. to begin 33. to be acquainted with, to know 34. to tell a story 35. to be convenient to 36. to converse 37. to take care of 38. to give 39. to realize 40. to say, to tell 41. to dedicate oneself 42. to defend oneself 43. to leave (something or someone) 44. to delay 45. to have breakfast 46. to desire, to want 47. to take one’s leave 48. to wake up 49. to have a good time 50. to be painful, to hurt 51. to fall asleep 52. to take a shower 53. to doubt 54. to fall in love 55. to be enchanting 56. to meet 57. to get angry 58. to get sick 59. to get angry 60. to teach 61. to send 62. to make a mistake 63. to choose 64. to wait for 65. to express oneself 66. to miss (a person or place) 67. to lack 68. to be fascinating 69. to trust 70. to notice 71. to yell at 72. to have (helping verb) 73. to become (a profession) 74. to find 75. to be important 76. to insist 77. to interest 78. to invite 79. to go away, to leave quickly 80. to hurt oneself 81. to wash oneself 82. to get up 83. to call 84. to call oneself 85. to send 86. to put makeup on 87. to kill 88. to get better 89. to meddle, to get involved in 90. to be annoying, to bother 91. to die 92. to move 93. to move (from one place to another) 94. to stand up 95. to seem 96. to resemble 97. to ask for, to request 98. to comb (one’s hair) 99. to permit 100. to put makeup on, to put nail polish on 101. to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion) 102. to behave oneself 103. to ask, to question 104. to wonder 105. to worry 106. to lend 107. to prohibit 108. to remain 109. to complain 110. to burn oneself 111. to take off (clothing) 112. to pick up 113. to laugh 114. to meet 115. to jump 116. to greet 117. to sit down 118. to feel (health or emotion) 119. to suggest 120. to delay 121. to bring 122. to calm down 123. to see 124. to get dressed 125. to visit 126. to become (an emotion)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to embrace", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to accompany", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to advise", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to remember", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to go to bed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to shave", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to be agreeable", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to thank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to become happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to love", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to walk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to cheer up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to rush", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to take advantage of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to fix oneself up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to attend (an event)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to get frightened", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to dare", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to help", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to get off", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to bathe oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to kiss", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to make fun of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to look for", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to become quiet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to carry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to brush (one’s hair/teeth)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to chat", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to charge", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to begin", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to be acquainted with, to know", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to tell a story", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to be convenient to", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to converse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to take care of", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to give", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to realize", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to say, to tell", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to dedicate oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to defend oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to leave (something or someone)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to have breakfast", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to desire, to want", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to take one’s leave", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to wake up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to have a good time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to be painful, to hurt", "alternates": []}, {"number": 51, "answer": "to fall asleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 52, "answer": "to take a shower", "alternates": []}, {"number": 53, "answer": "to doubt", "alternates": []}, {"number": 54, "answer": "to fall in love", "alternates": []}, {"number": 55, "answer": "to be enchanting", "alternates": []}, {"number": 56, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 57, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 58, "answer": "to get sick", "alternates": []}, {"number": 59, "answer": "to get angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 60, "answer": "to teach", "alternates": []}, {"number": 61, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"number": 62, "answer": "to make a mistake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 63, "answer": "to choose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 64, "answer": "to wait for", "alternates": []}, {"number": 65, "answer": "to express oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 66, "answer": "to miss (a person or place)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 67, "answer": "to lack", "alternates": []}, {"number": 68, "answer": "to be fascinating", "alternates": []}, {"number": 69, "answer": "to trust", "alternates": []}, {"number": 70, "answer": "to notice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 71, "answer": "to yell at", "alternates": []}, {"number": 72, "answer": "to have (helping verb)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 73, "answer": "to become (a profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 74, "answer": "to find", "alternates": []}, {"number": 75, "answer": "to be important", "alternates": []}, {"number": 76, "answer": "to insist", "alternates": []}, {"number": 77, "answer": "to interest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 78, "answer": "to invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 79, "answer": "to go away, to leave quickly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 80, "answer": "to hurt oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 81, "answer": "to wash oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 82, "answer": "to get up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 83, "answer": "to call", "alternates": []}, {"number": 84, "answer": "to call oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 85, "answer": "to send", "alternates": []}, {"number": 86, "answer": "to put makeup on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 87, "answer": "to kill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 88, "answer": "to get better", "alternates": []}, {"number": 89, "answer": "to meddle, to get involved in", "alternates": []}, {"number": 90, "answer": "to be annoying, to bother", "alternates": []}, {"number": 91, "answer": "to die", "alternates": []}, {"number": 92, "answer": "to move", "alternates": []}, {"number": 93, "answer": "to move (from one place to another)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 94, "answer": "to stand up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 95, "answer": "to seem", "alternates": []}, {"number": 96, "answer": "to resemble", "alternates": []}, {"number": 97, "answer": "to ask for, to request", "alternates": []}, {"number": 98, "answer": "to comb (one’s hair)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 99, "answer": "to permit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 100, "answer": "to put makeup on, to put nail polish on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 101, "answer": "to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 102, "answer": "to behave oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 103, "answer": "to ask, to question", "alternates": []}, {"number": 104, "answer": "to wonder", "alternates": []}, {"number": 105, "answer": "to worry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 106, "answer": "to lend", "alternates": []}, {"number": 107, "answer": "to prohibit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 108, "answer": "to remain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 109, "answer": "to complain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 110, "answer": "to burn oneself", "alternates": []}, {"number": 111, "answer": "to take off (clothing)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 112, "answer": "to pick up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 113, "answer": "to laugh", "alternates": []}, {"number": 114, "answer": "to meet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 115, "answer": "to jump", "alternates": []}, {"number": 116, "answer": "to greet", "alternates": []}, {"number": 117, "answer": "to sit down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 118, "answer": "to feel (health or emotion)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 119, "answer": "to suggest", "alternates": []}, {"number": 120, "answer": "to delay", "alternates": []}, {"number": 121, "answer": "to bring", "alternates": []}, {"number": 122, "answer": "to calm down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 123, "answer": "to see", "alternates": []}, {"number": 124, "answer": "to get dressed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 125, "answer": "to visit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 126, "answer": "to become (an emotion)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to embrace 2. to accompany 3. to advise 4. to remember 5. to go to bed 6. to shave 7. to be agreeable 8. to thank 9. to become happy 10. to love 11. to walk 12. to cheer up 13. to rush 14. to take advantage of 15. to fix oneself up 16. to attend (an event) 17. to get frightened 18. to dare 19. to help 20. to get off 21. to bathe oneself 22. to kiss 23. to make fun of 24. to look for 25. to fall down 26. to become quiet 27. to calm down 28. to carry 29. to brush (one’s hair/teeth) 30. to chat 31. to charge 32. to begin 33. to be acquainted with, to know 34. to tell a story 35. to be convenient to 36. to converse 37. to take care of 38. to give 39. to realize 40. to say, to tell 41. to dedicate oneself 42. to defend oneself 43. to leave (something or someone) 44. to delay 45. to have breakfast 46. to desire, to want 47. to take one’s leave 48. to wake up 49. to have a good time 50. to be painful, to hurt 51. to fall asleep 52. to take a shower 53. to doubt 54. to fall in love 55. to be enchanting 56. to meet 57. to get angry 58. to get sick 59. to get angry 60. to teach 61. to send 62. to make a mistake 63. to choose 64. to wait for 65. to express oneself 66. to miss (a person or place) 67. to lack 68. to be fascinating 69. to trust 70. to notice 71. to yell at 72. to have (helping verb) 73. to become (a profession) 74. to find 75. to be important 76. to insist 77. to interest 78. to invite 79. to go away, to leave quickly 80. to hurt oneself 81. to wash oneself 82. to get up 83. to call 84. to call oneself 85. to send 86. to put makeup on 87. to kill 88. to get better 89. to meddle, to get involved in 90. to be annoying, to bother 91. to die 92. to move 93. to move (from one place to another) 94. to stand up 95. to seem 96. to resemble 97. to ask for, to request 98. to comb (one’s hair) 99. to permit 100. to put makeup on, to put nail polish on 101. to put on (clothing), to become (an emotion) 102. to behave oneself 103. to ask, to question 104. to wonder 105. to worry 106. to lend 107. to prohibit 108. to remain 109. to complain 110. to burn oneself 111. to take off (clothing) 112. to pick up 113. to laugh 114. to meet 115. to jump 116. to greet 117. to sit down 118. to feel (health or emotion) 119. to suggest 120. to delay 121. to bring 122. to calm down 123. to see 124. to get dressed 125. to visit 126. to become (an emotion)"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La despedida"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta noche, cuando me acueste, va a ser mi última noche en Italia. Es una lástima que ya no pueda pasar las mañanas en pura tranquilidad en ese restaurante acogedor donde tomo mi café."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La soledad es diferente aquí que allí, quizás por el calor humano de los italianos. Mi amiga Beatriz quiere que me quede. Nos llevamos bien. A ella le gusta mostrarme lo histórico de las ciudades y la verdad es que me fascina lo antiguo. Realmente, no me importa mucho adonde vamos, si vamos a un sitio u otro, porque siempre nos divertimos juntas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuando yo esté en los Estados Unidos (no lo puedo imaginar) quiero que ella me escriba desde Italia. La voy a extrañar. Pero es el fin de mi viaje."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A todas las personas con quienes me reúno, les deseo lo mejor y les agradezco por todo. Voy a despedirme de ellos con un abrazo y mucho cariño cuando les diga “adiós”."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradecer", "despedirse", "to thank", "to take one's leave"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9555555555555556, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "despedirse", "back": "to take one's leave"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el abrazo", "el calor humano", "el cariño", "the embrace", "human warmth", "affection", "la despedida", "el fin", "la soledad", "the farewell", "the end", "the solitude"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9555555555555556, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "el abrazo", "back": "the embrace"}, {"front": "la despedida", "back": "the farewell"}, {"front": "el calor humano", "back": "human warmth"}, {"front": "el fin", "back": "the end"}, {"front": "el cariño", "back": "affection"}, {"front": "la soledad", "back": "the solitude"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbio"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["realmente", "actually"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "realmente", "back": "actually"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish word actualmente means nowadays or at the present time."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo is used before masculine adjectives to make them into nouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0231-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo antiguo", "lo histórico", "lo mejor", "the ancient", "the historic", "the best"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "lo antiguo", "back": "the ancient"}, {"front": "lo histórico", "back": "the historic"}, {"front": "lo mejor", "back": "the best"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 231, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Conjunción"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0232-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["6. Sabemos que a ella no le", "7. Lo sentimos que Uds. no", "mañana. (ir)", "8. Es posible que", "(haber)", "9. Espero que ellos", "_ practicar. (gustar)", "a la conferencia", "mucha gente interesante.", "en su casa cuando yo", "_ (estar/llegar)", "10. Cuando Linda", "siempre. (ir)", "11. María quiere que Pedro", "12. Por mucho que yo", "13. Ojalá que Uds.", "14. Ella quiere que tú la", "(visitar)", "15. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que _", "quiere hacer? (poder)", "16. La madre quiere que los niños", "17. Ella insiste en que ellos", "(hacer)", "18. Se alegran de que Uds.", "Uds.", "19. ¿Por qué dudas que Rosa y Reinaldo", "noviembre? (casarse)", "20.", "Te aconsejo que", "(ir)", "21.", "Pensamos que tú", "para llegar a tiempo. (deber)", "22.", "Carmen piensa que su amigo", "(necesitar)", "de vacaciones, ella se relaja", "_ a sus padres. (conocer)", "_, no pierdo peso. (nadar)", "pronto. (volver)", "el primero de mayo.", "hacer todo lo que", "la mesa. (poner)", "la tarea antes de jugar.", "_ mejor. Esperan que", "_ bien y contentos. (sentirse/estar)", "en", "al dentista tres veces por año.", "_ despertarte más temprano", "un buen carro.", "Exercise 13.9"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9411764705882353, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 232, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, o is replaced by u before words beginning with o or ho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Piensa Ud. que Isabel debe quedarse en Italia o es mejor que regrese a los Estados Unidos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Se da cuenta ella que es la primera vez que menciona el nombre de una amiga o un amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Que parte de su viaje le gusta más a Isabel?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Piensa Ud. que hay un cambio en Isabel desde el primer cuento hasta el último?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch14", "number": 14, "title": "The Preterit Tense", "part": 3, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses an action or actions completed in the past. The English translation is usually the simple past (for example, I sang). The preterit is used to express the following."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Actions completed in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A series of completed actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Conditions no longer in effect"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs are considered regular if there is no change in the stem. Most verbs are regular in the preterit. This tense is formed by adding the preterit endings to the stem of the infinitive of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only 17 basic irregular verbs in the preterit. Compound forms of these verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some -ir verbs have a stem change in the third person of the preterit, but these verbs are not considered irregular."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate a regular -ar verb in the preterit tense, drop the ending and add -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron to the stem. All -ar verbs except andar, dar, and estar are regular in the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar", "yo ayudé", "tú ayudaste", "Ud. ayudó", "nosotros ayudamos", "vosotros ayudasteis", "Uds. ayudaron", "cantar", "yo canté", "tú cantaste", "él cantó", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantasteis", "ellos cantaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "yo ayudé", "back": "nosotros ayudamos"}, {"front": "yo canté", "back": "nosotros cantamos"}, {"front": "tú ayudaste", "back": "vosotros ayudasteis"}, {"front": "tú cantaste", "back": "vosotros cantasteis"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 235, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["pensar", "yo pensé", "tú pensaste", "ella pensó", "nosotros pensamos", "vosotros pensasteis", "ellas pensaron", "trabajar", "yo trabajé", "nosotros trabajamos", "tú trabajaste vosotros trabajasteis", "Ud. trabajó Uds. trabajaron", "recordar", "yo recordé", "nosotros recordamos", "tú recordaste", "vosotros recordasteis", "ella recordó", "ellas recordaron", "viajar", "yo viajé", "tú viajaste", "Ud. viajó", "nosotros viajamos", "vosotros viajasteis", "Uds. viajaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "yo pensé", "back": "nosotros pensamos"}, {"front": "yo recordé", "back": "nosotros recordamos"}, {"front": "tú pensaste", "back": "vosotros pensasteis"}, {"front": "tú recordaste", "back": "vosotros recordasteis"}, {"front": "ella pensó", "back": "ellas pensaron"}, {"front": "ella recordó", "back": "ellas recordaron"}, {"front": "yo trabajé", "back": "nosotros trabajamos"}, {"front": "yo viajé", "back": "nosotros viajamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 236, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In -ar verbs, the first-person plural preterit nosotros form is identical to the present indicative nosotros form. Whether a particular verb is in the present or the past becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms carry written accents. It is very important to practice the pronunciation and to stress the accented syllable. Pronounce the verbs in this way: yo canté, tú cantaste, el cantó, nosotros cantamos, vosotros cantasteis, ellos cantaron. Review the basic pronunciation rules: All words that end in n, s, or any vowel have the stress on the second to last, or penultimate, syllable."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-Er Verbs", "comer", "yo comí", "tú comiste", "él comió", "ver", "yo vi", "tú viste", "Ud vio", "nosotros comimos", "vosotros comisteis", "ellos comieron", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "Uds vieron", "entender", "yo entendí", "tú entendiste", "ella entendió", "nosotros entendimos", "vosotros entendisteis", "ellas entendieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo comí", "back": "nosotros comimos"}, {"front": "yo entendí", "back": "nosotros entendimos"}, {"front": "tú comiste", "back": "vosotros comisteis"}, {"front": "tú entendiste", "back": "vosotros entendisteis"}, {"front": "él comió", "back": "ellos comieron"}, {"front": "ella entendió", "back": "ellas entendieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 236, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the verb ver is regular. It does not carry an accent mark on the third-person singular, vio, because the form has only one syllable."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir", "yo compartí", "tú compartiste", "él compartió", "descubrir", "yo descubrí", "tú descubriste", "Ud. descubrió", "nosotros compartimos", "vosotros compartisteis", "ellos compartieron", "nosotros descubrimos", "vosotros descubristeis", "Uds descubrieron", "salir", "yo salí", "tú saliste", "nosotros salimos", "vosotros salisteis", "ellas salieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "yo descubrí", "back": "nosotros descubrimos"}, {"front": "yo salí", "back": "nosotros salimos"}, {"front": "tú descubriste", "back": "vosotros descubristeis"}, {"front": "tú saliste", "back": "vosotros salisteis"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 237, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In -ir verbs, the nosotros form of the preterit is identical to the present indicative nosotros form. Its meaning becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0237-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["anoche", "ayer", "anteayer", "hace", "hace (dos días)", "pasado", "la semana pasada", "el mes pasado", "el año pasado", "last night", "yesterday", "the day before yesterday", "ago (when it is used before a period", "of time in the past)", "(two days) ago", "past, last", "last week", "last month", "last year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 237, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.1", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella ___________________ la puerta. (abrir)", "2. Yo ___________________ la ventana. (cerrar)", "3. Nosotros ___________________ a México hace ocho meses. (viajar)", "4. Anoche, el niño ___________________ televisión por dos horas. (mirar)", "5. Ayer, yo ___________________ a mi amigo, y lo ___________________ a tomar unas cervezas conmigo. (visitar/invitar)", "6. Anteayer, ___________________ a llover y ___________________ hasta las nueve de la noche. (empezar/llover)", "7. Ellas ___________________ a casa y ___________________ las canciones de Celia Cruz. (regresar/escuchar)", "8. A ellos les ___________________ la película. (gustar)", "9. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Ud. anoche? (acostarse)", "10. Esta mañana a las once ___________________ el teléfono. (sonar)", "11. Anoche, ella ___________________ con un hombre elegante. (soñar)", "12. Yo ___________________ un elefante en la calle. (ver)", "13. Nosotros ___________________ mucho en la fiesta anoche. (divertirse)", "14. Ella le ___________________ al hombre un vaso de agua. (ofrecer)", "15. Ellos me ___________________ con la pronunciación. (ayudar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "abrió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "cerré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "viajamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "miró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "visité, invité", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "empezó, llovió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "regresaron, escucharon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se acostó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sonó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "soñó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vi", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "ofreció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ayudaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.1 1. abrió 2. cerré 3. viajamos 4. miró 5. visité, invité 6. empezó, llovió 7. regresaron, escucharon 8. gustó 9. se acostó 10. sonó 11. soñó 12. vi 13. nos divertimos 14. ofreció 15. ayudaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "abrió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "cerré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "viajamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "miró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "visité, invité", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "empezó, llovió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "regresaron, escucharon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se acostó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sonó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "soñó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vi", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "nos divertimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "ofreció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ayudaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. abrió 2. cerré 3. viajamos 4. miró 5. visité, invité 6. empezó, llovió 7. regresaron, escucharon 8. gustó 9. se acostó 10. sonó 11. soñó 12. vi 13. nos divertimos 14. ofreció 15. ayudaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Always keep in mind that the action or actions expressed by the preterit are over. It doesn’t make any difference how long the action went on before; the action has a definite end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express an Action Completed in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0238-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Anoche, ella cantó una canción", "triste.", "Ayer, yo estudié por dos horas.", "Anteayer, escribimos dos cartas.", "Last night, she sang a sad song.", "Yesterday, I studied for two hours.", "The day before yesterday, we wrote", "two letters.", "La semana pasada, él me llamó", "Last week, he called me on the", "por teléfono.", "El año pasado, ¿compró Ud. una", "phone.", "Last year, did you buy a new house?", "casa nueva?", "¿Perdiste tus llaves esta mañana? Did you lose your keys this morningi", "¿Por qué no cocinaron Uds.", "Why didn't you cook last night?", "anoche?", "Ellos salieron hace tres horas.", "They left three hours ago."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 238, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No vimos a nadie.", "No me prestaron dinero.", "Yo no les enseñé a los estudiantes", "a nadar.", "Samuel jugó al tenis.", "Ella lo amó mucho, ¿verdad?", "We didn't see anyone.", "They didn't lend me money.", "I didn't teach the students to", "swim.", "Samuel played tennis.", "She loved him a lot, right?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Series of Completed Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Anoche en la fiesta, bailamos,", "cantamos y hablamos.", "El domingo pasado, ellos", "corrieron en el maratón,", "descansaron y comieron.", "Él se despertó, se lavó y se afeitó.", "Caminé a la tienda, compré", "lechuga y tomates, saludé", "a los dueños y salí.", "Last night at the party, we", "danced, we sang, and we talked", "Last Sunday, they ran in the", "marathon, rested, and ate.", "He got up, washed, and shaved.", "I walked to the store, bought", "lettuce and tomatoes, greeted", "the owners, and left."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Condition That Is No Longer in Effect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0239-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te sentiste mal la semana", "pasada?", "Me sentí bien la semana pasada,", "pero me siento mal hoy.", "A Miguel le dolió todo el cuerpo", "ayer, pero hoy está bien.", "Did you feel ill last week?", "I felt well last week, but I feel bad", "today.", "Yesterday, Michael had pain in", "his whole body, but today he", "is fine."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 239, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.2", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite each of the following sentences in the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Me gusta viajar. ___________________", "2. Cada mañana, leo un periódico. Ayer, yo___________________", "3. Ellos cierran la puerta del apartamento. Anoche, ellos___________________", "4. Les ofrezco ayuda. ___________________", "5. ¿Por qué vuelves tú tarde? ¿Por qué___________________", "6. Los niños no se callan. Anoche, ellos___________________", "7. Leonora no se acuerda de la idea. La semana pasada___________________", "8. La película empieza a las ocho. Anoche,___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Me gustó viajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "leí un periódico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cerraron la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Les ofrecí ayuda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "volviste tarde?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "no se callaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se acordó de la idea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "empezó a las ocho", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.2 1. Me gustó viajar. 2. leí un periódico. 3. cerraron la puerta. 4. Les ofrecí ayuda. 5. volviste tarde? 6. no se callaron. 7. se acordó de la idea. 8. empezó a las ocho.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Me gustó viajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "leí un periódico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cerraron la puerta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Les ofrecí ayuda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "volviste tarde?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "no se callaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se acordó de la idea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "empezó a las ocho", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Me gustó viajar. 2. leí un periódico. 3. cerraron la puerta. 4. Les ofrecí ayuda. 5. volviste tarde? 6. no se callaron. 7. se acordó de la idea. 8. empezó a las ocho."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to memorize all the irregular verbs. Once you do, you will be able to use any verb you wish in the preterit."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular verbs in the preterit have an irregular stem and a special set of endings. Note that the endings do not carry accent marks. In order to conjugate an irregular verb in the preterit, add the endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the irregular stems."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar", "yo anduve", "tú anduviste", "él anduvo", "estar", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "Ud. estuvo", "poder", "yo pude", "tú pudiste", "Ud. pudo", "querer", "yo quise", "tú quisiste", "ella quiso", "tener", "yo tuve", "tú tuviste", "él tuvo", "nosotros anduvimos", "vosotros anduvisteis", "ellos anduvieron", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "Uds. estuvieron", "nosotros pudimos", "vosotros pudisteis", "Uds. pudieron", "nosotros quisimos", "vosotros quisisteis", "ellas quisieron", "nosotros tuvimos", "vosotros tuvisteis", "ellos tuvieron", "caber", "yo cupe", "nosotros cupimos", "tú cupiste", "vosotros cupisteis", "ella cupo", "ellas cupieron", "hacer", "yo hice", "tú hiciste", "él hizo", "nosotros hicimos", "vosotros hicisteis", "ellos hicieron", "poner", "yo puse", "tú pusiste", "él puso", "nosotros pusimos", "vosotros pusisteis", "ellos pusieron", "saber", "yo supe", "tú supiste", "Ud. supo", "nosotros supimos", "vosotros supisteis", "Uds. supieron", "venir", "yo vine", "tú viniste", "él vino", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros vinisteis", "ellos vinieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 30, "cards": [{"front": "yo anduve", "back": "nosotros anduvimos"}, {"front": "yo cupe", "back": "nosotros cupimos"}, {"front": "tú anduviste", "back": "vosotros anduvisteis"}, {"front": "tú cupiste", "back": "vosotros cupisteis"}, {"front": "él anduvo", "back": "ellos anduvieron"}, {"front": "ella cupo", "back": "ellas cupieron"}, {"front": "yo estuve", "back": "nosotros estuvimos"}, {"front": "yo hice", "back": "nosotros hicimos"}, {"front": "tú estuviste", "back": "vosotros estuvisteis"}, {"front": "tú hiciste", "back": "vosotros hicisteis"}, {"front": "Ud. estuvo", "back": "Uds. estuvieron"}, {"front": "él hizo", "back": "ellos hicieron"}, {"front": "yo pude", "back": "nosotros pudimos"}, {"front": "yo puse", "back": "nosotros pusimos"}, {"front": "tú pudiste", "back": "vosotros pudisteis"}, {"front": "tú pusiste", "back": "vosotros pusisteis"}, {"front": "Ud. pudo", "back": "Uds. pudieron"}, {"front": "él puso", "back": "ellos pusieron"}, {"front": "yo quise", "back": "nosotros quisimos"}, {"front": "yo supe", "back": "nosotros supimos"}, {"front": "tú quisiste", "back": "vosotros quisisteis"}, {"front": "tú supiste", "back": "vosotros supisteis"}, {"front": "ella quiso", "back": "ellas quisieron"}, {"front": "Ud. supo", "back": "Uds. supieron"}, {"front": "yo tuve", "back": "nosotros tuvimos"}, {"front": "yo vine", "back": "nosotros vinimos"}, {"front": "tú tuviste", "back": "vosotros tuvisteis"}, {"front": "tú viniste", "back": "vosotros vinisteis"}, {"front": "él tuvo", "back": "ellos tuvieron"}, {"front": "él vino", "back": "ellos vinieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 240, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "yo dije", "tú dijiste", "ella dijo", "traer", "yo traje", "tú trajiste", "él trajo", "osotros dijimo", "osotros dijistei:", "ellas dijeron", "nosotros trajimos", "vosotros trajisteis", "ellos trajeron", "producir", "yo produje", "tú produjiste", "Ud. produjo", "losotros produjimo", "osotros produjisteis", "Uds. produjeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo dije", "back": "osotros dijimo"}, {"front": "yo produje", "back": "losotros produjimo"}, {"front": "tú dijiste", "back": "osotros dijistei:"}, {"front": "tú produjiste", "back": "osotros produjisteis"}, {"front": "ella dijo", "back": "ellas dijeron"}, {"front": "Ud. produjo", "back": "Uds. produjeron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dar, ir, and ser have slightly different endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "yo di", "tú diste", "ella dio", "ser", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "el fin", "nosotros dimos", "vosotros disteis", "ellas dieron", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "ellos fueron", "ir", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "Ud. fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "Uds. fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9190475827171689, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo di", "back": "nosotros dimos"}, {"front": "yo fui", "back": "nosotros fuimos"}, {"front": "tú diste", "back": "vosotros disteis"}, {"front": "tú fuiste", "back": "vosotros fuisteis"}, {"front": "ella dio", "back": "ellas dieron"}, {"front": "Ud. fue", "back": "Uds. fueron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugations for ir and ser are identical in the preterit. The meaning is clarified in context, as in the following examples."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0241-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella fue doctora.", "Ella fue a la tienda.", "She was a doctor.", "She went to the store"], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella fue doctora.", "back": "She was a doctor."}, {"front": "Ella fue a la tienda.", "back": "She went to the store"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 241, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Haber is used to express English there was, there were, was there?, were there? The third-person singular preterit form hubo is used with both singular and plural subjects."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note the following about the irregular preterit verbs above."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Hizo (the third-person singular of hacer) shows the spelling change c > z to maintain the sound of /s/."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Irregular preterits whose stem ends in j have -eron, not -ieron, in the third-person plural, for example, dijeron, trajeron."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0242-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "hacer", "deshacer", "contradecir to contradict", "poner", "componer", "proponer", "tener", "contener", "detener", "mantener", "producir", "conducir", "traducir", "traer", "atraer", "distraer", "venir", "prevenir", "to undo", "to compose", "to propose", "to contain", "to detain", "to maintain", "to drive", "to translate", "to attract", "to distract", "to prevent", "contradije, etc", "deshice, etc.", "compuse, etc.", "propuse, etc.", "contuve, etc.", "detuve, etc.", "mantuve, etc.", "conduje, etc.", "traduje, etc.", "atraje, etc.", "distraje, etc.", "previne, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 242, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are some examples of irregular verbs in the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0242-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pedro y Jorge anduvieron en", "las montañas por dos días.", "¿Hicieron Ud. su tarea para hoy?", "Tuve una cita con el dentista,", "pero no fui.", "¿Por qué no vino Ud. a mi fiesta", "anoche?", "¿Quién le dijo a Sofía la verdad?", "Los estudiantes produjeron su", "propia obra de teatro.", "Le trajimos una bicicleta al niño.", "Miguel le dio a su novia un anillo.", "Peter and George walked in the", "mountains for two days.", "Did you do your homework for", "today?", "I had an appointment with the", "dentist, but I didn't go.", "Why didn't you come to my party", "last night?", "Who told Sophie the truth?", "The students produced their own", "play.", "We brought the child a bicycle.", "Michael gave a ring to his", "girlfriend."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 242, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0243-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["En mil novecientos ochenta,", "Nestor fue músico. Ahora él", "es maestro.", "In 1980, Nestor was a musician", "Now he is a teacher."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "En mil novecientos ochenta,", "back": "In 1980, Nestor was a musician"}, {"front": "Nestor fue músico. Ahora él", "back": "Now he is a teacher."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 243, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.3", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the preterit form of the verb. Try to memorize the irregular verbs as you do the exercise.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué me ___________________ Ud. anoche? No le ___________________ nada. (decir/decir)", "2. Nosotros no ___________________ nada ayer. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds.? (hacer/hacer)", "3. ¿Por qué me ___________________ tú tantos regalos. No tengo nada para ___________________ a ti. (dar/dar)", "4. ___________________ una fiesta ayer. (haber)", "5. Yo ___________________ vino a la fiesta. Mis amigos no ___________________ nada. (traer/traer)", "6. Los niños ___________________ los platos sucios en el horno. Su mamá los sacó del horno y los ___________________ en el lavaplatos. (poner/poner)", "7. Yo ___________________ en el banco a las nueve esta mañana. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds.? (estar/estar)", "8. Él ___________________ un accidente en carro ayer. Yo no ___________________ nunca un accidente. (tener/tener)", "9. ¿A qué hora ___________________ Uds. a la biblioteca? Nosotros ___________________ a las cuatro. (ir/ir)", "10. Él ___________________ pintor; ahora es abogado. Yo ___________________ camarera; ahora soy actriz. (ser/ser)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ Uds. a mi casa en tren? ¿Cómo ___________________ Beatriz? (venir/venir)", "12. Nosotros ___________________ lentamente a la escuela. Nuestros maestros ___________________ rápidamente. (andar/andar)", "13. Yo ___________________ una obra de teatro hace un año. (producir)", "14. Once payasos _______________ en el carro del circo esta mañana. (caber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "dijo, dije", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hicimos, hicieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "diste, darte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Hubo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "traje, trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pusieron, puso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuve, estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tuvo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fueron, fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "vinieron, vino", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "anduvimos, anduvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "produje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.3 1. dijo, dije 2. hicimos, hicieron 3. diste, darte 4. Hubo 5. traje, trajeron 6. pusieron, puso 7. estuve, estuvieron 8. tuvo, tuve 9. fueron, fuimos 10. fue, fui 11. vinieron, vino 12. anduvimos, anduvieron 13. produje 14. cupieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "dijo, dije", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hicimos, hicieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "diste, darte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Hubo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "traje, trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pusieron, puso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuve, estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tuvo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fueron, fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "vinieron, vino", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "anduvimos, anduvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "produje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. dijo, dije 2. hicimos, hicieron 3. diste, darte 4. Hubo 5. traje, trajeron 6. pusieron, puso 7. estuve, estuvieron 8. tuvo, tuve 9. fueron, fuimos 10. fue, fui 11. vinieron, vino 12. anduvimos, anduvieron 13. produje 14. cupieron"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.4", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans4", "instruction": "Review the conjugations for the irregular verbs, and complete the following sentences with the correct form of the appropriate verb. Use each irregular verb only one time.", "extra": ["andar, caber, dar, decir, estar, haber, hacer, ir, poder, poner, producir, querer, saber, ser, tener, traer, venir"], "prompts": ["1. El hombre trató de meter todos sus libros en su carro, pero no ___________________ en el carro pequeño.", "2. Empezó a llover y la hija le ___________________ a su madre un paraguas.", "3. Ayer ___________________ un día de mucha lluvia; hace buen tiempo hoy.", "4. Los viajeros no ___________________ salir del país sin su pasaporte; se quedaron en los Estados Unidos.", "5. Ella no ___________________ subir la pirámide. Sus amigos subieron sin ella.", "6. Nosotros ___________________ a ver una película popular pero no nos gustó.", "7. Nosotros ___________________ hacia el parque. Miramos la puesta del sol y salimos.", "8. El paciente ___________________ en la oficina del doctor precisamente a las siete y media de la mañana.", "9. Yo ___________________ mis llaves en el carro en vez de ponerlas en mi bolsillo.", "10. La muchacha se despertó y le ___________________ a su hermana, “___________________ un mal sueño.”", "11. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú una cita con tu dentista la semana pasada?", "12. Hubo un ataque terrorista ayer. Nosotros lo ___________________ hoy.", "13. El papá les ___________________ muchos regalos a sus hijos porque los quiere mucho.", "14. ¿Quién ___________________ aquella obra de arte? Es horrible.", "15. Mis primos y mis sobrinos ___________________ a verme hace dos días.", "16. El sábado pasado, ___________________ una fiesta en el club."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "trajo/dio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quiso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "anduvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "puse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "hiciste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "supimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "dio/trajo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "produjo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "vinieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hubo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.4 1. cupieron 2. trajo/dio 3. fue 4. pudieron 5. quiso 6. fuimos 7. anduvimos 8. estuvo 9. puse 10. dijo, tuve 11. hiciste 12. supimos 13. dio/trajo 14. produjo 15. vinieron 16. hubo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cupieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "trajo/dio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quiso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "anduvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "puse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijo, tuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "hiciste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "supimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "dio/trajo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "produjo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "vinieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hubo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cupieron 2. trajo/dio 3. fue 4. pudieron 5. quiso 6. fuimos 7. anduvimos 8. estuvo 9. puse 10. dijo, tuve 11. hiciste 12. supimos 13. dio/trajo 14. produjo 15. vinieron 16. hubo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.5", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences, using only ser, ir, irse, and estar in the preterit, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella es profesora hoy, pero antes ___________________ azafata.", "2. Yo ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ muy contentos ayer porque nos ganamos la lotería.", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ tan rápido sin despedirte de nosotros?", "5. Ellos ___________________ al supermercado hoy a comprar alimentos.", "6. La semana pasada, Raúl ___________________ en México. Regresó a casa ayer.", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ enfermos anteayer, pero están bien hoy.", "8. ___________________ una buena idea.", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ la familia de Federico esta tarde?", "10. ¿Quién ___________________ a la librería a las nueve y media esta mañana?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te fuiste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.5 1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. te fuiste 5. fueron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. fue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te fuiste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. te fuiste 5. fueron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. fue"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.6", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions orally in Spanish.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo no hice nada anoche. ¿Qué hicieron Uds.?", "2. ¿Le gusta comer? ¿Cocinó anoche?", "3. ¿A qué hora te acostaste anoche? ¿A qué hora te despertaste esta mañana?", "4. ¿Quién fue el presidente en el año mil novecientos noventa y seis?", "5. ¿Vio Ud. a sus amigos ayer?", "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que Cristóbal Colón descubrió América?", "7. ¿Hizo sol ayer?", "8. ¿Por qué decidieron Uds. asistir a clases de español?", "9. ¿Dónde nació Ud.?", "10. ¿Quién bailó contigo la semana pasada?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "14.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that are irregular in the present indicative have a stem change in the preterit. This stem change occurs only in the third-person singular and plural forms of the preterit."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > ie in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "divertirse", "mentir", "preferir", "sentirse", "sugerir", "Present Indicative", "me divierto", "yo miento", "yo prefiero", "me siento", "yo sugiero", "Preterit", "me divertí", "te divertiste", "se divirtió", "yo mentí", "tú mentiste", "él mintió", "yo preferí", "tú preferiste", "Ud. prefirió", "me sentí", "te sentiste", "se sintió", "yo sugerí", "tú sugeriste", "ella sugirió", "nos divertimos", "os divertisteis", "se divirtieron", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentisteis", "ellos mintieron", "nosotros preferimos", "vosotros preferisteis", "Uds. prefirieron", "nos sentimos", "os sentisteis", "se sintieron", "nosotros sugerimos", "vosotros sugeristeis", "ellas sugirieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9767441860465116, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "divertirse", "back": "me divierto"}, {"front": "me divertí", "back": "nos divertimos"}, {"front": "mentir", "back": "yo miento"}, {"front": "yo mentí", "back": "nosotros mentimos"}, {"front": "preferir", "back": "yo prefiero"}, {"front": "yo preferí", "back": "nosotros preferimos"}, {"front": "sentirse", "back": "me siento"}, {"front": "me sentí", "back": "nos sentimos"}, {"front": "sugerir", "back": "yo sugiero"}, {"front": "yo sugerí", "back": "nosotros sugerimos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 246, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "e > i in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "corregir", "despedirse", "pedir", "Present Indicative", "Preterit", "yo corrijo", "yo corregí", "tú corregiste", "ella corrigió", "me despido", "me despedí", "te despediste", "se despidió", "yo pido", "yo pedí", "tú pediste", "Ud. pidió", "nosotros corregimos", "vosotros corregisteis", "ellas corrigieron", "nos despedimos", "os despedisteis", "se despidieron", "nosotros pedimos", "vosotros pedisteis", "Uds. pidieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "corregir", "back": "yo corrijo"}, {"front": "yo corregí", "back": "nosotros corregimos"}, {"front": "despedirse", "back": "me despido"}, {"front": "me despedí", "back": "nos despedimos"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "yo pido"}, {"front": "yo pedí", "back": "nosotros pedimos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 246, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["reírse", "repetir", "seguir", "servir", "sonreír", "vestirse", "me río", "yo repito", "yo sigo", "yo sirvo", "yo sonrío", "me visto", "me reí", "te reíste", "se rió", "yo repeti", "tú repetiste", "Ud. repitió", "yo seguí", "tú seguiste", "él siguió", "yo serví", "tú serviste", "Ud. sirvió", "yo sonreí", "tú sonreíste", "él sonrió", "me vestí", "te vestiste", "se vistió", "nos reímos", "os reísteis", "se rieron", "nosotros repetimos", "vosotros repetisteis", "Uds. repitieron", "nosotros seguimos", "vosotros seguisteis", "ellos siguieron", "nosotros servimos", "vosotros servisteis", "Uds. sirvieron", "nosotros sonreímos", "vosotros sonreísteis", "ellos sonrieron", "nos vestimos", "os vestisteis", "se vistieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "reírse", "back": "me río"}, {"front": "me reí", "back": "nos reímos"}, {"front": "repetir", "back": "yo repito"}, {"front": "yo repeti", "back": "nosotros repetimos"}, {"front": "seguir", "back": "yo sigo"}, {"front": "yo seguí", "back": "nosotros seguimos"}, {"front": "servir", "back": "yo sirvo"}, {"front": "yo serví", "back": "nosotros servimos"}, {"front": "sonreír", "back": "yo sonrío"}, {"front": "yo sonreí", "back": "nosotros sonreímos"}, {"front": "vestirse", "back": "me visto"}, {"front": "me vestí", "back": "nos vestimos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 247, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "o > ue in the present indicative"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "o > u in the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dormir", "morir", "Present Indicative", "yo duermo", "yo muero", "Preterit", "yo dormí", "tú dormiste", "ella durmió", "yo morí", "tú moriste", "nosotros dormimos", "vosotros dormisteis", "ellas durmieron", "nosotros morimos", "vosotros moristeis", "ellos murieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "dormir", "back": "yo duermo"}, {"front": "yo dormí", "back": "nosotros dormimos"}, {"front": "morir", "back": "yo muero"}, {"front": "yo morí", "back": "nosotros morimos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 247, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.7", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Anoche, el niño ___________________ nueve horas. (dormir)", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ Uds. las instrucciones? (seguir)", "3. Yo ___________________ quedarme en un hotel de lujo; ella ___________________ quedarse también; él ___________________ irse. (preferir/preferir/preferir)", "4. Anoche, su novio ___________________ de ella por última vez. (despedirse)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ mucho en la fiesta. Nuestros amigos no ___________________ nada y se fueron. (divertirse/divertirse)", "6. Siempre la mujer elegante se viste bien, pero ayer ella no ___________________ bien y ___________________ mal. (sentirse/vestirse)", "7. Su sobrino ___________________ ayer. Él lo supo hoy. (morirse)", "8. Anoche fuimos a un buen restaurante. Nos ___________________ una mariscada en salsa verde. (servir)", "9. Casi nunca miento. Pero ayer, ___________________. Estuve con unas amigas y ellas ___________________ también. (mentir/mentir)", "10. La niña ___________________; con su sonrisa el mundo se alegró. (sonreír)", "11. No sé porque el hombre ___________________. Yo no vi nada cómico. (reírse)", "12. La estudiante aplicada ___________________ la lección para entenderla bien. (repetir)", "13. Sus maestros les ___________________ la gramática. (corregir)", "14. Yo ___________________ bien ayer. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? (sentirse/sentirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "durmió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "siguieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "preferí, prefirió, prefirió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se despidió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos divertimos, se divirtieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se sintió, se vistió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se murió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sirvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "mentí, mintieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "sonrió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "se rió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "repitió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "corrigieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "me sentí, se sintieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.7 1. durmió 2. siguieron 3. preferí, prefirió, prefirió 4. se despidió 5. nos divertimos, se divirtieron 6. se sintió, se vistió 7. se murió 8. sirvieron 9. mentí, mintieron 10. sonrió 11. se rió 12. repitió 13. corrigieron 14. me sentí, se sintieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "durmió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "siguieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "preferí, prefirió, prefirió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se despidió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos divertimos, se divirtieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se sintió, se vistió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se murió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sirvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "mentí, mintieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "sonrió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "se rió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "repitió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "corrigieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "me sentí, se sintieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. durmió 2. siguieron 3. preferí, prefirió, prefirió 4. se despidió 5. nos divertimos, se divirtieron 6. se sintió, se vistió 7. se murió 8. sirvieron 9. mentí, mintieron 10. sonrió 11. se rió 12. repitió 13. corrigieron 14. me sentí, se sintieron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the necessary sound. Only verbs in the yo form are affected by the spelling changes in the preterit of -ar verbs."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0248-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apagar", "yo apagué", "tú apagaste", "él apagó", "nosotros apagamos", "vosotros apagasteis", "ellos apagaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "apagar yo apagué", "back": "nosotros apagamos"}, {"front": "tú apagaste", "back": "vosotros apagasteis"}, {"front": "él apagó", "back": "ellos apagaron"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 248, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["buscar", "comenzar", "explicar", "llegar", "tocar", "yo busqué", "tú buscaste", "ella buscó", "yo comencé", "tú comenzaste", "Ud. comenzó", "yo expliqué", "tú explicaste", "él explicó", "yo llegué", "tú llegaste", "ella llegó", "yo toqué", "tú tocaste", "Ud. tocó", "nosotros buscamos", "vosotros buscasteis", "ellas buscaron", "nosotros comenzamos", "vosotros comenzasteis", "Uds. comenzaron", "nosotros explicamos", "vosotros explicasteis", "ellos explicaron", "nosotros llegamos", "vosotros llegasteis", "ellas llegaron", "nosotros tocamos", "vosotros tocasteis", "Uds tocaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "buscar", "back": "yo busqué / nosotros buscamos"}, {"front": "comenzar", "back": "yo comencé / nosotros comenzamos"}, {"front": "explicar", "back": "yo expliqué / nosotros explicamos"}, {"front": "llegar", "back": "yo llegué / nosotros llegamos"}, {"front": "tocar", "back": "yo toqué / nosotros tocamos"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 249, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the spelling change z. c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound, as in comenzar, comencé."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Make sure to stress the final sound of the first-person singular (yo form) and the third-person singular (él, ella, Ud. form). Spanish pronunciation is precise, and the tense you use depends on the correct pronunciation. So continue to practice in this way: yo apagué, tú apagaste, él apagó, nosotros apagamos, vosotros apagasteis, ellos apagaron."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are more -ar verbs with spelling changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0249-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-gar", "ahogarse", "cargar", "castigar", "colgar", "entregar", "madrugar", "pegar", "tragar", "vagar", "to drown", "to carry, to load", "to punish", "to hang", "to hand in, to deliver", "to get up early", "to hit, to glue", "to swallow", "to wander"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 249, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0250-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["-car", "acercarse", "arrancar", "colocar", "destacar", "justificar", "mascar", "pescar", "publicar", "sacar", "suplicar", "-zar", "alcanzar", "amenazar", "lanzar", "realizar", "rezar", "tropezarse (con)", "to approach", "to pull out, to root out", "to put, to place", "to stick out", "to justify", "to chew", "to fish", "to publish", "to take out", "to beg", "to reach, to overtake", "to threaten", "to throu, to shoot", "to fulfill", "to pray", "to bump into"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 250, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.8", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Me desperté con vértigo y ___________________ con la pared. (tropezarse)", "2. Hace una semana, Laura pagó la cuenta, pero ayer yo la ___________________. (pagar)", "3. El estudiante orgulloso le ___________________ su tarea a la profesora. (entregar)", "4. Nosotros ___________________ de un lado a otro el año pasado. (vagar)", "5. Anoche, yo ___________________ una pintura en la pared. (colgar)", "6. Su papá se enojó anteayer y ___________________ a sus hijos. (castigar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "me tropecé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pagué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "entregó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "colgué", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "castigó", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.8 1. me tropecé 2. pagué 3. entregó 4. vagamos 5. colgué 6. castigó", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "me tropecé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pagué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "entregó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "colgué", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "castigó", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. me tropecé 2. pagué 3. entregó 4. vagamos 5. colgué 6. castigó"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with spelling changes are not irregular. The spelling changes shown for -er and -ir verbs with stems ending in a vowel avoid the use of three vowels in a row."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with a vowel immediately preceding the infinitive ending change i to y in the third-person singular and plural. In these verbs, there is a written accent over the letter i on the yo, tú, nosotros, and vosotros endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caer", "leer", "oír", "yo caí", "tú caíste", "él cayó", "yo leí", "tú leíste", "ella leyó", "yo oí", "tú oíste", "Ud. oyó", "nosotros caímos", "vosotros caísteis", "ellos cayeron", "nosotros leímos", "vosotros leísteis", "ellas leyeron", "nosotros oímos", "vosotros oísteis", "Uds. oyeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9895833333333334, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "caer", "back": "yo caí / nosotros caímos"}, {"front": "leer", "back": "yo leí / nosotros leímos"}, {"front": "oír", "back": "yo oí / nosotros oímos"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note, for example, that the third-person singular of caer is cayó rather than caió."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that end in -uir change i to y; the accent over the i appears only over the first-person singular."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "destruir", "yo construí", "tú construiste", "él construyó", "yo destruí", "tú destruiste", "ella destruyó", "nosotros construimos", "vosotros construisteis", "ellos construyeron", "nosotros destruimos", "vosotros destruisteis", "ellas destruyeron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "construir", "back": "yo construí / nosotros construimos"}, {"front": "destruir", "back": "yo destruí / nosotros destruimos"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are more -er and -ir verbs with spelling changes."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["creer", "concluir", "contribuir", "distribuir", "fluir", "to believe", "to conclude", "to contribute", "to distribute", "to flow", "huir", "incluir", "influir", "poseer", "to flee", "to include", "to influence", "to possess"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9895833333333334, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "creer", "back": "to believe"}, {"front": "huir", "back": "to flee"}, {"front": "concluir", "back": "to conclude"}, {"front": "incluir", "back": "to include"}, {"front": "contribuir", "back": "to contribute"}, {"front": "influir", "back": "to influence"}, {"front": "distribuir", "back": "to distribute"}, {"front": "poseer", "back": "to possess"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 251, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.9", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre tacaño se puso feliz la primera vez que él ___________________ con dinero. (contribuir)", "2. El niño ___________________ del árbol pero no se lesionó. (caerse)", "3. Mi maestro de la escuela secundaria ___________________ mucho en mi educación. (influir)", "4. Hubo un incendio y todas las personas en la ciudad ___________________. (huir)", "5. Los carpinteros ___________________ dos casas el año pasado. (construir)", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ tú la bicicleta de Susana? (destruir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "contribuyó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se cayó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "influyó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "huyeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "construyeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "destruiste", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.9 1. contribuyó 2. se cayó 3. influyó 4. huyeron 5. construyeron 6. destruiste", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "contribuyó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se cayó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "influyó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "huyeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "construyeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "destruiste", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. contribuyó 2. se cayó 3. influyó 4. huyeron 5. construyeron 6. destruiste"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.10", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I worked a lot yesterday. Last night, I rested.", "2. Last night, we watched television instead of studying.", "3. I gave him my dog; he gave me nothing.", "4. She read her friend’s letter a month ago.", "5. We received the package a week ago.", "6. What did you say to her? I told you that he died last year.", "7. The children went to bed at nine o’clock last night.", "8. I saw your sister yesterday."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Recibimos el paquete hace una semana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Vi a su hermana ayer", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.10 1. Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé. 2. Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar. 3. Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada. 4. Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes. 5. Recibimos el paquete hace una semana. 6. ¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió. 7. Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche. 8. Vi a su hermana ayer.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Recibimos el paquete hace una semana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Vi a su hermana ayer", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Trabajé mucho ayer. Anoche, descansé. 2. Anoche, miramos televisión en vez de estudiar. 3. Yo le di a él mi perro; él no me dio nada. 4. Ella leyó la carta de su amigo hace un mes. 5. Recibimos el paquete hace una semana. 6. ¿Qué le dijiste a ella? Te dije que él se murió el año pasado. / ¿Qué le dijo Ud. a ella? Le dije que él se murió. 7. Los niños se acostaron a las nueve anoche. 8. Vi a su hermana ayer."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Special Meanings in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0253-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Meaning in the Preterit", "conocer to know, to be acquainted with", "¿Dónde conociste a tu novio?", "Lo conocí en España.", "¿ Cuándo conocieron Uds.", "Where did you meet your", "boyfriend?", "I met him in Spain.", "When did you meet Pauline?", "a Paulina?", "La conocimos hace tres años.", "We met her three years ago.", "saber to know a fact, to know how to do something", "Ella tuvo un accidente ayer.", "She had an accident yesterday.", "Lo supe hoy.", "I found out today.", "No nos dijeron nada pero", "They didn't tell us anything but we", "supimos la verdad.", "found out the truth.", "no querer not to want", "Ella no quiso bajar en el", "ascensor.", "El niño no quiso comer:", "no poder not to be able", "Hubo un incendio y la gente", "no pudo salir.", "She refused to go down in the", "elevator.", "The child refused to eat.", "There was a fire and the people", "failed to leave."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "La conocimos hace tres años.", "back": "a Paulina?"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 253, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses an action completed in the past. These translations are as close as possible to transmitting the idea of the sentence. No querer means not to want. But in the preterit, the action is over, so the concept is stronger than she didn’t want to go down in the elevator. She didn’t want to, and she didn’t; therefore, she refused. Similarly, no poder means not to be able. But in the preterit, the people were not able to leave, and the action is completed; therefore, they didn’t manage to leave, or failed to leave."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "14.11", "ansAnchor": "ch14ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the preterit.", "extra": ["A Word About the Preterit", "Practice and study. Learn the irregular verbs and the regular verbs. Pronounce all regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs aloud as much as you can. Use the verb lists in this chapter as reference, and use the verbs as you need them. Spend at least a week on the preterit to learn the form and the concept."], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ en el apartamento a las ocho anoche. (entrar)", "2. Nosotros ___________________ un chocolate caliente. (tomar)", "3. Ellos ___________________ a las once. Yo ___________________ a la una. (dormirse/dormirse)", "4. ¿Me ___________________ Uds. ayer? Yo no los ___________________. (ver/ver)", "5. ___________________ a nevar a las siete esta mañana. (empezar)", "6. ___________________ mucho sol ayer. (hacer)", "7. El taxista le ___________________ a mi primo veinte pesos. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "8. Nosotros les ___________________ a nuestros parientes dos tarjetas, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "9. El trabajador ___________________ temprano esta mañana. (despertarse)", "10. ¿ ___________________ tú las llaves? (encontrar)", "11. Yo no ___________________ bajar en el ascensor. (querer)", "12. Cuando él ___________________ joven, él ___________________ un buen deportista. (ser/ser)", "13. ¿Por qué no me ___________________ Ud. la verdad? (decir)", "14. La tarea fue difícil, pero los estudiantes la ___________________ hacer. (poder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "entré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tomamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se durmieron, me dormí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vieron, vi", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Empezó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Hizo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se despertó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Encontraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "quise", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "fue, fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "14.11 1. entré 2. tomamos 3. se durmieron, me dormí 4. vieron, vi 5. Empezó 6. Hizo 7. cobró, cobró 8. escribimos, recibieron 9. se despertó 10. Encontraste 11. quise 12. fue, fue 13. dijo 14. pudieron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "entré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tomamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se durmieron, me dormí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vieron, vi", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Empezó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Hizo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se despertó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Encontraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "quise", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "fue, fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "pudieron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. entré 2. tomamos 3. se durmieron, me dormí 4. vieron, vi 5. Empezó 6. Hizo 7. cobró, cobró 8. escribimos, recibieron 9. se despertó 10. Encontraste 11. quise 12. fue, fue 13. dijo 14. pudieron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estimados lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que Uds. lean con cuidado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En la corte (primera escena)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La escena tiene lugar en 399 b.c. en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501 ciudadanos. El acusado entra y empieza a hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Tengo setenta años y es la primera vez que me ven en la corte. ¿Cuál es la primera acusación contra mí?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Ud. es culpable de investigar bajo la tierra y en el cielo y de enseñarles a otros las mismas cosas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO No tengo nada que ver con estas acusaciones y nada de esto es verdad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Pero, ¿cuál es el problema, entonces? ¿Por qué hay tantos prejuicios contra Ud. si dice que no hace nada diferente de los demás? Nos puede decir Ud. lo que es, para que le demos un veredicto justo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Bueno. Voy a decirles toda la verdad. Me dan esta reputación por cierta sabiduría que tengo. Menciono el dios de Delfos para que él sea mi testigo. ¿Se acuerdan Uds. de Querefón? Él fue al dios de Delfos y le preguntó si hay una persona más sabia que yo. El dios contestó que no hay nadie. Pero, ¿qué significa la idea de que yo soy el hombre más sagaz de todos? Me tocó investigar la cuestión. Yo fui a ver a un hombre que tiene la reputación de ser sagaz. Lo examiné. No es necesario que les diga su nombre, él es un político, y esto es el resultado."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "adivinar", "intentar", "Nombres", "los acontecimientos", "el ciudadano", "la clave", "to guess", "to intend, to try", "the events", "the citizen", "the key, the code"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "adivinar", "back": "to guess"}, {"front": "intentar", "back": "to intend, to try"}, {"front": "los acontecimientos", "back": "the events"}, {"front": "el ciudadano", "back": "the citizen"}, {"front": "la clave", "back": "the key, the code"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 255, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0256-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la corte", "la cuestión", "los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el veredicto", "the court", "the issue", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the perdict"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 11, "cards": [{"front": "la corte", "back": "the court"}, {"front": "la cuestión", "back": "the issue"}, {"front": "los demás", "back": "the rest"}, {"front": "el diálogo", "back": "the dialogue"}, {"front": "el dios de Delfos", "back": "the god of Delphi"}, {"front": "la escena", "back": "the scene"}, {"front": "el personaje", "back": "the character"}, {"front": "el político", "back": "the politician"}, {"front": "el prejuicio", "back": "the prejudice"}, {"front": "la sabiduría", "back": "the knowledge"}, {"front": "el veredicto", "back": "the perdict"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 256, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0256-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["justo", "principal", "sabio", "sagaz", "siguiente", "fair, just", "main, principal", "wise", "wise, dever", "following"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 256, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En que sitio empieza la acción?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos años tiene el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es la acusación contra él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Qué hizo el acusado después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de todos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch15", "number": 15, "title": "The Imperfect Tense", "part": 3, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses an action or actions in the past that are not seen as completed. The imperfect is used in the following ways."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To “set the stage” in the past; to express a narration, situation, or background in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express habitual, customary, or repeated actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express continuous actions or actions in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express a description in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express point of origin in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express time in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To express one’s age in the past"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Almost all verbs are regular in the imperfect tense. The tense is formed by adding the imperfect endings to the stem of the -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate an - ar verb in the imperfect tense, drop the ending and add -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban to the stem. Note that the first- and third-person singular forms (yo, él / ella / Ud.) are identical in the imperfect. There are no irregular -ar verbs."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0257-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acompañar", "yo acompañaba", "tú acompañabas", "él acompañaba", "nosotros acompañábamos", "vosotros acompañabais", "ellos acompañaban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo acompañaba", "back": "nosotros acompañábamos"}, {"front": "tú acompañabas", "back": "vosotros acompañabais"}, {"front": "él acompañaba", "back": "ellos acompañaban"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 257, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0258-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "yo daba", "tú dabas", "ella daba", "estar", "yo estaba", "tú estabas", "Ud. estaba", "hablar", "yo hablaba", "tú hablabas", "él hablaba", "recordar", "yo recordaba", "tú recordabas", "ella recordaba", "trabajar", "yo trabajaba", "tú trabajabas", "Ud. trabajaba", "nosotros dábamos", "vosotros dabais", "ellas daban", "nosotros estábamos", "vosotros estabais", "Uds. estaban", "nosotros hablábamos", "vosotros hablabais", "ellos hablaban", "nosotros recordábamos", "vosotros recordabais", "ellas recordaban", "nosotros trabajábamos", "vosotros trabajabais", "Uds. trabajaban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 258, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the pronunciation of the imperfect -ar verbs. There are one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and four-syllable verbs. Be sure to pronounce the imperfect in this way: yo trabajaba, tú trabajabas, él trabajaba, nosotros trabajábamos, vosotros trabajabais, ellos trabajaban."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["entender", "yo entendía", "nosotros entendíamos", "tú entendías", "vosotros entendíais", "él entendía", "ellos entendían", "poder", "yo podía", "tú podías", "Ud. podía", "nosotros podíamos", "vosotros podíais", "Uds. podían", "saber", "yo sabía", "tú sabías", "nosotros sabíamos", "vosotros sabíais", "ella sabia", "hacer", "yo hacía", "tú hacías", "ella hacía", "nosotros hacíamos", "vosotros hacíais", "ellas hacían", "querer", "yo quería", "nosotros queríamos", "tú querías", "vosotros queríais", "él quería", "ellos querían", "tener", "yo tenía", "nosotros teníamos", "tú tenías", "vosotros teníais", "Ud tenía", "Uds tenían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "yo entendía", "back": "nosotros entendíamos"}, {"front": "yo hacía", "back": "nosotros hacíamos"}, {"front": "tú entendías", "back": "vosotros entendíais"}, {"front": "tú hacías", "back": "vosotros hacíais"}, {"front": "él entendía", "back": "ellos entendían"}, {"front": "ella hacía", "back": "ellas hacían"}, {"front": "yo podía", "back": "nosotros podíamos"}, {"front": "yo quería", "back": "nosotros queríamos"}, {"front": "tú podías", "back": "vosotros podíais"}, {"front": "tú querías", "back": "vosotros queríais"}, {"front": "Ud. podía", "back": "Uds. podían"}, {"front": "él quería", "back": "ellos querían"}, {"front": "yo sabía", "back": "nosotros sabíamos"}, {"front": "yo tenía", "back": "nosotros teníamos"}, {"front": "tú sabías", "back": "vosotros sabíais"}, {"front": "tú tenías", "back": "vosotros teníais"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Haber is used to express English there was, there were, was there?, were there? The third-person singular imperfect form había is used with both singular and plural subjects."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "yo decía", "tú decías", "él decía", "sentirse", "me sentía", "te sentías", "Ud. se sentía", "nosotros decíamos", "vosotros decíais", "ellos decían", "nos sentíamos", "os sentíais", "Uds. se sentían", "divertirse", "me divertía", "nos divertíamos", "te divertías", "os divertíais", "ella se divertía ellas se divertían", "venir", "yo venía", "tú venías", "él venía", "nosotros veníamos", "vosotros veníais", "ellos venían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo decía", "back": "nosotros decíamos"}, {"front": "me divertía", "back": "nos divertíamos"}, {"front": "tú decías", "back": "vosotros decíais"}, {"front": "te divertías", "back": "os divertíais"}, {"front": "me sentía", "back": "nos sentíamos"}, {"front": "yo venía", "back": "nosotros veníamos"}, {"front": "te sentías", "back": "os sentíais"}, {"front": "tú venías", "back": "vosotros veníais"}, {"front": "Ud. se sentía", "back": "Uds. se sentían"}, {"front": "él venía", "back": "ellos venían"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0259-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir", "yo iba", "tú ibas", "nosotros íbamos", "vosotros ibais", "ellos iban", "ser", "yo era", "tú eras", "ella n", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellas eran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9888888888888889, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "tú ibas", "back": "vosotros ibais"}, {"front": "tú eras", "back": "vosotros erais"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 259, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ver", "yo veía", "tú veías", "nosotros veíamos", "vosotros veíais", "Uds veian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "yo veía", "back": "nosotros veíamos"}, {"front": "tú veías", "back": "vosotros veíais"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of ir in the imperfect is was going, were going."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iba a hablar.", "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "un carro nuevo", "I was going to speak.", "We were going to buy a new car"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "back": "We were going to buy a new car"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses actions in the past that are not seen as completed. It is used to indicate situations or actions in the past with no specific reference to their beginning or end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To “Set the Stage” in the Past; to Express a Narration, Situation, or Background"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El sol brillaba y los pájaros", "cantaban.", "La luna alumbraba el río y los", "pescadores lanzaban sus redes.", "Había un silencio profundo en el", "bosque; ya caía la noche.", "No había nadie en la casa.", "Los ladrones esperaban afuera.", "The sun was shining and the birds", "were singing.", "The moon lit up the river and the", "fishermen were throwing out", "their nets.", "There was a profound silence in the", "forest; night was already falling.", "There was no one in the house.", "The thieves were waiting outside"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Habitual, Customary, or Repeated Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0260-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Todos los veranos, yo jugaba", "al tenis con mis amigos.", "Todos los días, Paulina y yo", "almorzábamos a la una de la", "tarde.", "Cada noche, antes de dormirse,", "el viejo ponía sus dientes en", "un vaso de agua.", "Every summer, I used to play", "tennis with my friends.", "Every day, Pauline and I used to", "have lunch at one o'clock in the", "afternoon.", "Each night, before going to sleep,", "the old man put his teeth in", "a glass of water."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 260, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Read the example sentences again, and try to understand the concepts without the translations. Try to imagine these examples as scenes: they are situations, narrations in the past; they are backgrounds; they “set the stage.” The English translations are not precise or consistent in the imperfect. Make sure you understand this important concept and choose whichever translation or idea is clearest for you."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Continuous Actions in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Marisol cuidaba su jardín", "mientras sus nietos jugaban.", "Eduardo bailaba y su novia", "cantaba.", "Ella buscaba sus llaves cuando", "el teléfono sonó.", "Ella iba a contestar pero escuchó", "un sonido en la puerta.", "Yo hablaba cuando mi profesor", "me interrumpió.", "Marisol was taking care of her", "garden while her grandchildren", "were playing.", "Ed was dancing and his girlfriend", "was singing.", "She was looking for her keys when", "the telephone rang.", "She was going to answer but she", "heard a sound at the door.", "I was speaking when my professor", "interrupted me."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that in the last three example sentences above, both the imperfect and the preterit tenses are used. The first part of the sentence is the ongoing action, the action in progress. The second part of the sentence, which requires the preterit, is a completed action. Here, the imperfect is used as a continuous action that is interrupted by another action."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express a Description in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La casa era blanca.", "La comida estaba buena.", "Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero", "tenía el pelo negro.", "The house was white.", "The meal was good.", "Our neighbor was old, but he had", "black hair."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "La casa era blanca.", "back": "The house was white."}, {"front": "Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero", "back": "Our neighbor was old, but he had"}, {"front": "tenía el pelo negro.", "back": "black hair."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Point of Origin in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0261-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre era de Perú.", "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", "The man was from Peru.", "His friends were from Chile", "The red flowers were from", "Bolivia"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "El hombre era de Perú.", "back": "The man was from Peru."}, {"front": "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", "back": "His friends were from Chile"}, {"front": "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", "back": "The red flowers were from"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 261, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express Time in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0262-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "a la tienda por última vez.", "¿ Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde.", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "It was five o'clock and Fred was", "going to the store for the last time", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "back": "It was five o'clock and Fred was"}, {"front": "a la tienda por última vez.", "back": "going to the store for the last time"}, {"front": "¿ Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "back": "What time was it? It was two in"}, {"front": "la tarde.", "back": "the afternoon."}, {"front": "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "back": "It was nine at night and the"}, {"front": "niños dormían.", "back": "children were sleeping."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 262, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "To Express One’s Age in the Past"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0262-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tenía veinte años cuando", "se graduó de la universidad.", "Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco", "años cuando se murió.", "El presidente tenía cincuenta y", "cinco años cuando lo elegimos.", "She was 20 years old when she", "graduated from the university.", "My grandfather was 95 years old", "when he died.", "The president was 55 years old", "when we elected him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Ella tenía veinte años cuando", "back": "She was 20 years old when she"}, {"front": "se graduó de la universidad.", "back": "graduated from the university."}, {"front": "Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco", "back": "My grandfather was 95 years old"}, {"front": "años cuando se murió.", "back": "when he died."}, {"front": "El presidente tenía cincuenta y", "back": "The president was 55 years old"}, {"front": "cinco años cuando lo elegimos.", "back": "when we elected him."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 262, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.1", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the imperfect. In the parentheses, write your reason for choosing the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. De niña, Loreta ___________________ pasta cada noche. (comer) (___________________)", "2. Ella ___________________ alta y bonita como su madre. (ser) (___________________)", "3. ¿Por qué ___________________ los niños a la escuela los sábados? (ir) (___________________)", "4. La mujer y su esposo ___________________ de España. (ser) (___________________)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ todos los días. (verse) (___________________)", "6. ¿De dónde ___________________ sus abuelos? (ser) (___________________)", "7. El tren ___________________ todos los días precisamente a las nueve. (llegar) (___________________)", "8. Nosotros siempre ___________________ a casa a las seis de la tarde. (volver) (___________________)", "9. ___________________ una fiesta en la casa de un conocido. (haber) (___________________)", "10. Ella ___________________ el piano cuando su hermano gritó. (practicar) (___________________)", "11. ¿Por qué ___________________ a vender tu casa? (ir) (___________________)", "12. Me di cuenta que yo ___________________ a tener éxito. (ir) (___________________)", "13. La estudiante ___________________ veintiún años al graduarse. (tener) (___________________)", "14. Los niños ___________________ pollo y sus padres ___________________ pescado en el restaurante. (comer/comer) (___________________, ___________________)", "15. Los amigos de Pedro lo ___________________ en Hawai cada año. (visitar) (___________________)", "16. En el pasado, ellos ___________________ vino todos los fines de semana; ahora beben mucha agua. (beber) (___________________)", "17. La gente ___________________ muy valiente. (ser) (___________________)", "18. El adolescente ___________________ el pelo largo; yo ___________________ el pelo corto. (tener/tener) (___________________, ___________________)", "19. ___________________ las doce y el sol ___________________. (ser/brillar) (___________________, ___________________)", "20. Él ___________________ su libro cuando su amigo lo llamó. (leer) (___________________)", "21. Ana ___________________ su tarea cuando sonó el teléfono. (hacer) (___________________)", "22. Nosotros ___________________ cansadas de trabajar. (estar) (___________________)", "23. La película ___________________ cómica; todo el mundo ___________________. (ser/reírse) (___________________, ___________________)", "24. ¿Qué me ___________________ cuando él me distrajo? (decir) (___________________)", "25. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds. cuando empezó a nevar? (hacer) (___________________)", "26. Mi amigo me dijo que ___________________ a verme. (venir) (___________________)", "27. ___________________ buen tiempo. ___________________ viento y sol. Los pájaros ___________________ en los árboles y todo el mundo ___________________ feliz. (hacer/hacer/estar/estar) (___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________)", "28. Antes, yo ___________________ mucho. Ahora prefiero comer en restaurantes. (cocinar) (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Todas las noches, Teodoro", "llamaba", "- a Elena. (Ilamar)", "(repeated action)", "Su hijo tenía dos años cuando empezó a correr. (tener", "( age", "4. ¿Qué hizo el acusado después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de", "todos?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "comía (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "iban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos veíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "llegaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "volvíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Había (situation)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "practicaba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "ibas (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "iba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tenía (age)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "visitaban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "bebían (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "tenía, tenía (description, description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Eran, brillaba (time, situation)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "leía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "hacía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "estábamos (condition)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "era, se reía (description, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "decía/decías/decían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "hacían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "venía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "cocinaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.1 1. comía (repeated action) 2. era (description) 3. iban (repeated action) 4. eran (point of origin) 5. nos veíamos (repeated action) 6. eran (point of origin) 7. llegaba (repeated action) 8. volvíamos (repeated action) 9. Había (situation) 10. practicaba (continuous action) 11. ibas (continuous action) 12. iba (continuous action) 13. tenía (age) 14. comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action) 15. visitaban (repeated action) 16. bebían (repeated action) 17. era (description) 18. tenía, tenía (description, description) 19. Eran, brillaba (time, situation) 20. leía (continuous action) 21. hacía (continuous action) 22. estábamos (condition) 23. era, se reía (description, continuous action) 24. decía/decías/decían (continuous action) 25. hacían (continuous action) 26. venía (continuous action) 27. Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration) 28. cocinaba (repeated action)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "comía (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "iban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos veíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "eran (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "llegaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "volvíamos (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Había (situation)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "practicaba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "ibas (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "iba (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tenía (age)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "visitaban (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "bebían (repeated action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "era (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "tenía, tenía (description, description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Eran, brillaba (time, situation)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "leía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "hacía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "estábamos (condition)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "era, se reía (description, continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "decía/decías/decían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "hacían (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "venía (continuous action)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "cocinaba (repeated action)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. comía (repeated action) 2. era (description) 3. iban (repeated action) 4. eran (point of origin) 5. nos veíamos (repeated action) 6. eran (point of origin) 7. llegaba (repeated action) 8. volvíamos (repeated action) 9. Había (situation) 10. practicaba (continuous action) 11. ibas (continuous action) 12. iba (continuous action) 13. tenía (age) 14. comían, comían (continuous action, continuous action) 15. visitaban (repeated action) 16. bebían (repeated action) 17. era (description) 18. tenía, tenía (description, description) 19. Eran, brillaba (time, situation) 20. leía (continuous action) 21. hacía (continuous action) 22. estábamos (condition) 23. era, se reía (description, continuous action) 24. decía/decías/decían (continuous action) 25. hacían (continuous action) 26. venía (continuous action) 27. Hacía, Hacía, estaban, estaba (narration, narration, narration, narration) 28. cocinaba (repeated action)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.2", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans2", "instruction": "Review ser and estar in the imperfect, and then rewrite the following sentences in the imperfect.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ellos son de España. ___________________", "2. ¿Qué hora es? ___________________", "3. Nosotros estamos bien. ___________________", "4. Mi jardín es el más hermoso de la ciudad.", "5. Los tres amigos están aquí. ___________________", "6. No estoy cansada. ___________________", "7. Somos cantantes. ___________________", "8. ¿Dónde estás? ___________________", "9. Yo estoy en la casa con mi perro."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Yo soy de Venezuela.", "Yo era de Venezuela.", "To Express Time in the Past", "Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "a la tienda por última vez.", "¿Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "It was five o'clock and Fred was", "going to the store for the last time.", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping.", "To Express One's Age in the Past", "Ella tenía veinte años cuando", "se graduó de la universidad.", "Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco", "años cuando se murió.", "El presidente tenía cincuenta y", "cinco años cuando lo elegimos.", "She was 20 years old when she", "graduated from the university.", "My grandfather was 95 years old", "when he died.", "The president was 55 years old", "when we elected him.", "• Exercise 15.1", "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the imperfect. In", "the parentheses, write your reason for choosing the imperfect.", "llamaba", "EXAMPLES", "Todas las noches, Teodoro", "a Elena. (Ilamar)", "(repeated action)", "Su hijo", "tenía", "_ dos años cuando empezó a correr. (tener)", "(age", "1. De niña, Loreta.", "2. Ella", "- pasta cada noche. (comer)", "_ alta y bonita como su madre. (ser)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "No estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.2 1. Ellos eran de España. 2. ¿Qué hora era? 3. Nosotros estábamos bien. 4. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 5. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 6. No estaba cansada. 7. Éramos cantantes. 8. ¿Dónde estabas? 9. Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "No estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Ellos eran de España. 2. ¿Qué hora era? 3. Nosotros estábamos bien. 4. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 5. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 6. No estaba cansada. 7. Éramos cantantes. 8. ¿Dónde estabas? 9. Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the differences in meaning between the following sentence pairs (preterit followed by imperfect)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella llegó ayer:", "Ella llegaba a la cinco todos los días.", "La semana pasada, leí un buen libro.", "Antes, yo leía mucho.", "Beatriz vino a verme.", "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía", "a verme.", "Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.", "Me levantaba tarde.", "Fui a la tienda.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi a José.", "Fuimos a la playa hoy.", "Íbamos a la playa todos los veranos.", "¿Qué me dijiste hace dos minutos?", "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro", "ladró?", "Marta comió temprano esta", "mañana.", "Marta siempre comía temprano.", "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta.", "Eduardo hizo su tarea.", "Eduardo hacía su tarea todos los", "lunes.", "¿Qué compró Ud. ayer?", "¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando le", "llamé?", "She arrived yesterday.", "She arrived at five o'clock every", "day.", "Last week, I read a good book.", "Before, I used to read a lot.", "Beatriz came to see me.", "He told me that Beatriz was", "coming to see me.", "I got up at six o clock this", "morning.", "I used to get up late.", "I went to the store.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw Joe.", "We went to the beach today.", "We used to go the beach every", "summer.", "What did you tell me two", "minutes ago?", "What were you saying to me", "when the dog barked?", "Martha ate early this morning.", "Martha always ate early.", "My father paid the bill yesterday", "My father always paid the bill.", "Edward did his homework.", "Edward did his homework every", "Monday,", "What did you buy yesterday?", "What were you buying when", "I called you?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8931818008422852, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Beatriz vino a verme.", "back": "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía"}, {"front": "Beatriz came to see me.", "back": "He told me that Beatriz was"}, {"front": "ladró?", "back": "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro"}, {"front": "when the dog barked?", "back": "What were you saying to me"}, {"front": "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "back": "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta."}, {"front": "My father always paid the bill.", "back": "My father paid the bill yesterday"}, {"front": "llamé?", "back": "¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando le"}, {"front": "I called you?", "back": "What were you buying when"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 265, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0266-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Caminamos al parque hoy.", "Caminábamos al parque todos los", "días.", "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde.", "Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", "Ella tuvo una operación anoche.", "Él no tenía tiempo para verla.", "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las ocho.", "Todos los días, ella dormía hasta", "tarde.", "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.", "No la conocíamos por mucho", "tiempo.", "We walked to the park today.", "We used to walk to the park", "every day.", "We received a check this", "afternoon.", "We used to receive checks every", "week.", "She had an operation last night", "He didn't have time to see her.", "Last night, she slept until eight", "ơ' clock.", "Every day, she slept until late.", "We met Sylvia in Colombia.", "We didn't know her for very", "long."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9552631378173828, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 266, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Querer, poder, saber"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0266-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Affirmative", "Yo quise ir al circo.", "Yo quería ir al circo.", "Pudimos entender la lección.", "Podíamos entender la lección.", "Ella supo que él tuvo un accidente.", "Ella sabía que él iba a estar bien.", "I wanted to go to the circus.", "I wanted to go to the circus.", "We were able to understand", "the lesson.", "We were able to understand", "the lesson.", "She found out that he had", "an accident.", "She knew that he was going", "to he well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9552631378173828, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 266, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For the verbs querer and poder, the English translations of the example sentences above showing the preterit and the imperfect are the same. However, the preterit pudimos from poder indicates that the action is over. The idea is that we were able to understand the lesson; the action is completed, so we succeeded in understanding the lesson."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0267-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Negative", "¿Por qué no quiso Ud. ir conmigo?", "¿Por qué no quería Ud. ir conmigo?", "No pude hacer mi tarea.", "Yo no podía hacer mi tarea ayer.", "No lo supe hoy.", "Yo no sabía que él estaba enfermo.", "Why did you refuse to go with", "me?", "Why didn't you want to go with", "me?", "I failed to do my homework.", "I wasn't able to (couldn't) do my", "homework yesterday.", "I didn't find it out today.", "I didn't know that he was sick."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 267, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.3", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans3", "instruction": "Preterit and imperfect. Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. It was one o’clock and it was raining.", "2. I knew it. ___________________", "3. He was able to do it well. ___________________", "4. The children wanted to eat hamburgers.", "5. We were studying when the teacher entered.", "6. The man was fleeing when the police caught him.", "7. Every night for many years, she had the same dream.", "8. What were you saying to me?___________________", "9. What was I going to say to you?", "10. Why did he call her? ___________________", "11. What time was it when you fell asleep last night?", "12. Who got sick yesterday? ___________________", "13. We were going to travel to Cuba, but we had no money.", "14. I met your friend in Mexico.___________________", "15. He left without saying anything to us.", "16. Who gave him the good news today?", "17. The man was in the bank when the thief entered. Everyone was afraid.", "18. Last year, we went to Spain. We had a good time."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Era la una y llovía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Yo lo sabía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Él lo podía hacer bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los niños querían comer hamburguesas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Qué me decía/decías?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "¿Por qué la llamó él?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "¿Quién se enfermó ayer?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Conocí a tu/su amigo en México", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Se fue sin decirnos nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.3 1. Era la una y llovía. 2. Yo lo sabía. 3. Él lo podía hacer bien. 4. Los niños querían comer hamburguesas. 5. Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró. 6. El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió. 7. Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño. 8. ¿Qué me decía/decías? 9. ¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir? 10. ¿Por qué la llamó él? 11. ¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche? 12. ¿Quién se enfermó ayer? 13. Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero. 14. Conocí a tu/su amigo en México. 15. Se fue sin decirnos nada. 16. ¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy? 17. El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo. 18. El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Era la una y llovía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Yo lo sabía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Él lo podía hacer bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los niños querían comer hamburguesas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Qué me decía/decías?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "¿Por qué la llamó él?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "¿Quién se enfermó ayer?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Conocí a tu/su amigo en México", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Se fue sin decirnos nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Era la una y llovía. 2. Yo lo sabía. 3. Él lo podía hacer bien. 4. Los niños querían comer hamburguesas. 5. Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró. 6. El hombre huía cuando el policía lo cogió. 7. Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño. 8. ¿Qué me decía/decías? 9. ¿Qué te iba a decir? / ¿Qué le iba a decir? 10. ¿Por qué la llamó él? 11. ¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste (se durmió) anoche? 12. ¿Quién se enfermó ayer? 13. Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero. 14. Conocí a tu/su amigo en México. 15. Se fue sin decirnos nada. 16. ¿Quién le dio las buenas noticias hoy? 17. El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo. 18. El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.4", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with ir in either the preterit or the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. al museo ayer?", "2. En julio, Graciela ___________________ a California a ver a sus nietos.", "3. Yo ___________________ a llamarla, pero no tenía su número de teléfono.", "4. Nosotros ___________________ al circo todos los veranos en el pasado.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ al cine anoche; nos gustó la película.", "6. Mis amigos ___________________ a vender su carro antes de ganarse la lotería.", "7. Carmen ___________________ al banco los viernes e ___________________ a la playa los sábados.", "8. ¿ ___________________ tú al campo los fines de semana?", "9. Isabel ___________________ a Italia y no regresó.", "10. Marisol y su esposo ___________________ a Portugal."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "íbamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "iban", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "iba, iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ibas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.4 1. fue 2. fue 3. iba 4. íbamos 5. fuimos 6. iban 7. iba, iba 8. Ibas 9. fue 10. fueron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "íbamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "iban", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "iba, iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ibas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "fueron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fue 3. iba 4. íbamos 5. fuimos 6. iban 7. iba, iba 8. Ibas 9. fue 10. fueron"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.5", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. La madre del hijo le dijo que todo iba a estar bien.", "2. ¿Te dolían los pies durante tu viaje?", "3. Hubo un tiempo cuando yo visitaba museos.", "4. Vine, vi y vencí. ___________________", "5. Entre el primero y segundo piso, me di cuenta de que iba a caerme.", "6. Nos divertíamos mucho cada día hace mucho tiempo.", "7. Yo no sabía qué hacer.___________________", "8. Tenían una buena relación. Él siempre cocinaba y ella siempre lavaba los platos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Did your feet hurt you during your trip?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "There was a time when I visited museums", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I came, I saw, I conquered", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "A long time ago, we used to have a very good time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I didn’t know what to do", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.5 1. The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine. 2. Did your feet hurt you during your trip? 3. There was a time when I visited museums. 4. I came, I saw, I conquered. 5. Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down. 6. A long time ago, we used to have a very good time. 7. I didn’t know what to do. 8. They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Did your feet hurt you during your trip?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "There was a time when I visited museums", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I came, I saw, I conquered", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "A long time ago, we used to have a very good time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I didn’t know what to do", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The child’s mother told him that everything was going to be fine. 2. Did your feet hurt you during your trip? 3. There was a time when I visited museums. 4. I came, I saw, I conquered. 5. Between the second and third floor, I realized that I was going to fall down. 6. A long time ago, we used to have a very good time. 7. I didn’t know what to do. 8. They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.6", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans6", "instruction": "Preterit or imperfect. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por que no ___________________ tú la comida ayer? (comprar)", "2. Anoche, yo ___________________ el vino a la fiesta. (traer)", "3. ___________________ mediodía y el niño ___________________ hambre. (ser/tener)", "4. ___________________ a llover y yo ___________________ la ventana. (empezar/cerrar)", "5. La muchacha ___________________ la calle cuando su mamá la ___________________. (cruzar/llamar)", "6. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds. esta mañana precisamente a las nueve? (estar)", "7. Nosotros ___________________ en el parque cuando ___________________ el animal exótico. (andar/ver)", "8. El taxista nos ___________________ veinte dólares. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "9. Nosotros les ___________________ cartas a nuestros parientes desde Bolivia, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "10. Yo ___________________ por la calle equivocada cuando ___________________ que no ___________________ donde ___________________. (caminar/darse cuenta de/saber/estar).", "11. Me agrada su amigo. ¿Dónde lo ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)", "12. Pedro y sus amigos ___________________ todas las noches antes de acostarse. (divertirse)", "13. Melisa ___________________ al cine cada domingo durante su juventud. (ir)", "14. Los viajeros de Inglaterra ___________________ a mi casa la semana pasada y ___________________ conmigo hasta hoy. (llegar/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.6 1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, two object pronouns can appear together with a verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Double object pronouns cannot be separated from each other."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In a negative sentence, the word no (or any other word of negation) comes directly before the first pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Positions of the double object pronouns are the same as single object pronouns: The pronouns are placed directly before the first verb or they are attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Indirect Object Pronoun with Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An indirect object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together. In the first position, the object pronouns are placed directly before the first verb."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Me lo / me la / me los / me las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0271-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito tu carro esta noche.", "¿Me lo prestas?", "Él tiene una revista interesante.", "Él me la va a dar:", "Ella tiene dos secretos.", "Ella no me los quería decir:", "El maestro explicó las nuevas", "lecciones.", "Él me las explicó.", "I need your car tonight.", "Will you lend it to me?", "He has an interesting magazine.", "He is going to give it to me.", "She has two secrets.", "She didn't want to tell them to me", "The teacher explained the new", "lessons.", "He explained them to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 271, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the second position, the object pronouns are attached to the infinitive and become one word. A written accent is added to maintain the natural stress of the infinitive. Whether the object pronouns are placed in front of the first verb or attached to the infinitive, the meaning of the sentence is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0271-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Necesito tu carro esta noche.", "¿ Puedes prestármelo?", "Él tiene una revista interesante.", "Él va a dármela.", "Ella tiene dos secretos.", "Ella no quería decírmelos.", "Él trató de explicar las nuevas", "lecciones.", "Él trató de explicármelas.", "I need your car tonight.", "Can you lend it to me?", "He has an interesting magazine.", "He is going to give it to me.", "She has two secrets.", "She didn't want to tell them to me", "He tried to explain the new", "lessons.", "He tried to explain them to me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 271, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.7", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English. Practice the use of the double object pronouns along with the tenses you have learned: present indicative, present subjunctive, preterit, and imperfect.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "A Word About Pronunciation", "Practice all these examples aloud. The more you get used to the sound, the easier it becomes."], "prompts": ["1. Yo quería tomar un café esta mañana. Mi colega me lo trajo.", "2. Los niños tienen muchos regalos. Sus abuelos quieren que me los den.", "3. Ella me compró una chaqueta. Después de comprármela, se puso feliz.", "4. Mi papá no quiso darme su carro. En vez de dármelo, me lo vendió.", "5. Aprendí bien las direcciones porque mis parientes me las dieron con mucho cuidado.", "6. Ella quiere darme tres maletas para mi viaje. Prefiero que ella me las preste.", "7. Cada mañana, los vendedores me vendían vegetales. Hoy no me vendieron nada.", "8. Necesito dos buenos libros. Tengo que comprarlos porque mi amiga no quiere prestármelos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.7 1. I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me. 2. The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me. 3. She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy. 4. My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me. 5. I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully. 6. She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me. 7. Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything. 8. I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wanted to have coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me. 2. The children have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me. 3. She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy. 4. My father refused to give me his car. Instead of giving it to me, he sold it to me. 5. I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me carefully. 6. She wants to give me three suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lend them to me. 7. Each morning, the vendors used to sell me vegetables. Today they didn’t sell me anything. 8. I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Te lo / te la / te los / te las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0272-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te doy mi abrigo porque hace frío.", "Te lo doy esta noche.", "¿Por qué no me dijiste la verdad?", "Te la dije, pero no me escuchaste.", "José tuvo que leer dos cuentos", "anoche.", "Él tuvo que leértelos antes de", "las nueve.", "Queremos mandar cartas desde", "Madrid.", "Queremos mandártelas esta noche.", "Tis ce you my coat because it", "I'll give it to you tonight.", "Why didn't you tell me the truth?", "I told it to you, but you didn't", "listen to me.", "Joe had to read two stories last", "night.", "He had to read them to you", "before nine.", "We want to send letters from", "Madrid.", "We want to send them to you", "tonight."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 272, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.8", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ella no te da agua; ella te la vende.", "2. Debemos regalarte el anillo que quieres este año. Debemos regalártelo.", "3. Anoche, mi hermano mayor me trajo una manzana. Me la trajo porque yo tenía hambre.", "4. Todavía tienes mis discos compactos. Quiero que me los devuelvas.", "5. Me gusta la langosta en este restaurante. Espero que el camarero me la sirva rápidamente.", "6. Te di el dinero porque eres un buen amigo. Te lo di porque tengo confianza en ti.", "7. No sé por qué ella no quiso mostrarte sus lámparas. A mí me las mostró ayer.", "8. Al principio, no queríamos darte una bicicleta, pero por fin te la dimos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.8 1. She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you. 2. We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you. 3. Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry. 4. You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me. 5. I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly. 6. I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you. 7. I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday. 8. At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you. 2. We ought to give you the ring that you want this year. We ought to give it to you. 3. Last night my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry. 4. You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them to me. 5. I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly. 6. I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you. 7. I don’t know why she didn’t want (refused) to show you her lamps. She showed them to me yesterday. 8. At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bicycle, but finally we gave it to you."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For reasons of pronunciation, se replaces the indirect object pronouns le and les when they are followed by a direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["le lo → se lo", "le la", "→ se la", "le los → se los", "le las → se las", "les lo → se lo", "les la → se la", "les los → se los", "les las → se las"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "le lo → se lo", "back": "les lo → se lo"}, {"front": "le la → se la", "back": "les la → se la"}, {"front": "le los → se los", "back": "les los → se los"}, {"front": "le las → se las", "back": "les las → se las"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 273, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Se lo traigo.", "I bring it to him.", "I bring it to her.", "I bring it to you. (sing.)", "I bring it to them.", "I bring it to you. (pl.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Se lo traigo.", "back": "I bring it to you. (sing.)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Out of context, there is no way to know what the meaning of the indirect object pronoun is. To clarify the ambiguity, a prepositional phrase is added."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Se lo traigo a Ud.", "Se lo traigo a ellas.", "I bring it to you.", "I bring it to them"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Se lo traigo a Ud.", "back": "I bring it to you."}, {"front": "Se lo traigo a ellas.", "back": "I bring it to them"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In context, however, the meaning is clear without an additional prepositional phrase."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0274-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Le doy a Enrique el periódico.", "Se lo doy.", "Ella quiere comprar una camisa.", "Nosotros se la vendemos.", "Les enviamos dinero a los", "estudiantes.", "Se lo enviamos.", "Ana les trae dos pasteles a sus", "amigas.", "Ana se los trae.", "Yo les quiero escribir a Uds. tres", "cartas.", "Yo quiero escribírselas.", "Él les muestra las fotos a Juan", "y a Ana.", "Él trata de mostrárselas.", "I give the newspaper to Henry.", "I give it to him.", "She wants to buy a shirt.", "We'll sell it to her.", "We send money to the students.", "We send it to them.", "Ana brings two pastries to her", "friends.", "Ana brings them to them.", "I want to write you three letters", "I want to write them to you.", "He shows the photos to John", "and Ana.", "Hetres to show them to them"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 274, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Try to practice the se lo / se la / se los / se las combination without going through two steps. Every time you think of to her, to him, to you, to them followed by a direct object pronoun, use se. Note also that the intransitive verbs you learned in Chapter 10 are used over and over. These are the most frequently used verbs that take indirect objects."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.9", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct double object pronoun, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo quería comprarte el carro, pero no tenía bastante dinero. Al fin y al cabo, no ___________________ pude comprar.", "2. Él no me dio el libro. No sé dónde está. ¿Él ___________________ dio a Ud.?", "3. Necesito tu lápiz. ¿ ___________________ prestas?", "4. ¿Por qué no les dijeron Uds. a los muchachos la verdad? ¿Por qué no ___________________ dijeron?", "5. Los hombres querían leer los periódicos de hoy. El vendedor ___________________ vendió.", "6. Yo les traje una torta a Uds. Yo ___________________ traje anoche.", "7. Tratamos de hacerles muchas preguntas. Tratamos de [hacer] ___________________ porque no sabemos nada.", "8. Loreta y Roberto me mandaron dos paquetes. ___________________ mandaron ayer.", "9. Te dimos la respuesta ya. ___________________ dimos hace dos horas.", "10. ¿Por qué les prestaste dinero? ¿ ___________________ prestaste porque necesitan ayuda?", "11. Vamos a enseñarle la lección. ___________________ vamos a enseñar.", "12. ¿Tienen Uds. frío? ¿Necesitan otra chaqueta? ___________________ puedo traer.", "13. Ella no sabe que decirte. ¿Por qué no le cuentas el cuento? Es mejor [contar] ___________________.", "14. Nadie quería decirle los resultados de las elecciones. Nadie ___________________ quería decir."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Les trajimos las flores.", "Se las", "trajimos"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Me lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hacérselas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Me los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Te la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Se lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "contárselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.9 1. te lo 2. se lo 3. Me lo 4. se la 5. se los 6. se la 7. hacérselas 8. Me los 9. Te la 10. Se lo 11. Se la 12. Se la 13. contárselo 14. se los", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Me lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hacérselas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Me los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Te la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Se lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Se la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "contárselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se los", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te lo 2. se lo 3. Me lo 4. se la 5. se los 6. se la 7. hacérselas 8. Me los 9. Te la 10. Se lo 11. Se la 12. Se la 13. contárselo 14. se los"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Nos lo / nos la / nos los / nos las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0276-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él va a devolvernos el suéter.", "Él va a devolvérnoslo.", "La mujer nos trajo una flor:", "Ella nos la trajo.", "Nuestros amigos nos dan regalos", "cada año.", "Nuestros amigos nos los dan.", "Ud. nos traía tortas los domingos.", "Ahora Ud. nunca nos las trae.", "He is going to return the sweater", "to us.", "He is going to return it to us.", "The woman brought us a flower.", "She brought it to us.", "Our friends give us gifts every year", "Our friends give them to us.", "You used to bring us cakes on", "Sundays.", "Now you never bring them to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 276, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Os lo / os la / os los / os las"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0276-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestra tía os lee un libro en", "la noche.", "Ella os lo lee.", "Él no quiere escribiros una carta.", "Él no quiere escribírosla.", "Ana no os mandó recuerdos.", "Ella debe mandároslos.", "El doctor no os dio las pastillas.", "El farmacista os las vendió.", "Your aunt reads a book to you", "at night.", "She reads it to you.", "He doesn't want to write a letter", "to you.", "He doesn't want to write it to you.", "Ana didn't send you souvenirs.", "She should send them to you.", "The doctor didn't give you the pills", "The pharmacist sold them to you."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 276, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that os means to you in the plural familiar vosotros form. It is used only in Spain."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.10", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Practice indirect objects, direct objects, and double object pronouns, as well as the tenses.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I told you everything. You said nothing to me.", "2. We were going to give two notebooks to the students.", "3. Lisa doesn’t have anything to write with. I have two pens and decide to give them to her.", "4. I gave a violin to my nephew. I gave it to him.", "5. He was going to give the guitar to Hector. He decided to give it to me.", "6. Who can show us the new coats? Who wants to show them to us?", "7. The birds were singing and the children were playing.", "8. Carmen read a good book two weeks ago. She gave it to me yesterday.", "9. I returned the book to her today. I returned it to her at ten o’clock in the morning.", "10. Elena had bad dreams last night. She told them to me this morning.", "11. We like to share everything.", "12. Your grandmother wants you to read the article to her.", "13. We hope that he knows how to swim so that he can teach us.", "14. Joe lent Michael the money. He lent it to him yesterday.", "15. Your cousin did you a favor. He did it for you because he is a good friend.", "16. After bringing her coffee, I went to my office. She called me later.", "17. She was buying a guitar when her friend offered her a piano.", "18. We saw the sofa that she had in her house. She gave it to us."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Nos gusta compartir todo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.10 1. Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada. 2. Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes. 3. Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos. 4. Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di. 5. Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela. 6. ¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar? 7. Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban. 8. Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer. 9. Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana. 10. Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana. 11. Nos gusta compartir todo. 12. Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo. 13. Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar. 14. José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer. 15. Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. 16. Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde. 17. Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano. 18. Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Nos gusta compartir todo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo le dije todo. Ud. no me dijo nada. / Yo te dije todo. Tú no me dijiste nada. 2. Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes. 3. Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos bolígrafos y decido dárselos. 4. Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di. 5. Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió dármela. 6. ¿Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? ¿Quién nos los quiere mostrar? 7. Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban. 8. Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer. 9. Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana. 10. Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana. 11. Nos gusta compartir todo. 12. Su abuela quiere que Ud. le lea el artículo. / Tu abuela quiere que le leas el artículo. 13. Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar. 14. José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer. 15. Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. / Su primo le hizo un favor. Él se lo hizo porque es un buen amigo. 16. Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde. 17. Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amigo le ofreció un piano. 18. Vimos el sofá que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reflexive Pronoun with Direct Object Pronoun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This combination does not occur with many verbs. It is most common with the action of putting on or taking off clothes (ponerse la ropa, quitarse la ropa), with verbs that are used with parts of the body (lavarse, cepillarse, lesionarse, peinarse, secarse), and with some idiomatic verbs (comerse). A reflexive object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The objects are either placed directly before the first verb or attached to the infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0278-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me pongo un abrigo en el invierno.", "Me lo quito en el apartamento.", "¿ Te lavaste la cara hoy?", "¿Te la lavaste hoy?", "Nos cepillamos los dientes cada", "noche.", "Nos los cepillamos en la mañana", "también.", "Ellos se peinaron el pelo.", "Ellos se lo peinaron.", "Me comí todo el pescado.", "Me lo comí.", "Él se puso los zapatos.", "Él se los puso.", "Ella se quitó la gorra.", "Ella se la quitó.", "¿Por qué se quitó Ud. la chaqueta?", "¿Por qué se la quitó Ud.?", "I put on a coat in the winter.", "I take it off in the apartment.", "Did you wash your face today?", "Did you wash it today?", "We brush our teeth every night.", "We brush them in the morning,", "too.", "They combed their hair.", "They combed it.", "I ate up all the fish.", "I ate it all up.", "He put on his shoes.", "He put them on.", "She took off her hat.", "She took it off.", "Why did you take off your jacket?", "Why did you take it off?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 278, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0279-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no quería cortarme el pelo.", "No quería cortármelo.", "Ella no pudo lavarse las manos", "anoche.", "Ella no pudo lavárselas.", "El niño trató de ponerse los", "calcetines.", "Él trató de ponérselos.", "I didn't want to cut my hair.", "I didn't want to cut it.", "She couldn't wash her hands last", "night.", "She couldn't wash them.", "The child tried to put on his", "socks.", "He tried to put them on."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 279, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When reflexive verbs are used with clothes and parts of the body, the possessive adjective is not used."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Se Plus the Indirect Object Pronoun and Unplanned Occurrences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Se + the indirect object pronoun + the verb express the concept of an action that just seemed to happen—an unplanned occurrence. The indirect object pronoun indicates the person or persons responsible for or affected by the action."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This construction occurs only in the third person because the subject is a thing or things. It usually occurs in the preterit because the action has already happened."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0279-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo rompí el vaso.", "Se rompió el vaso.", "Se me rompió el vaso.", "El gato se murió.", "El gato se me murió.", "I broke the glass. (It was not an accident;", "I broke the glass on purpose.)", "The glass broke. (It was an accident, and", "no one is responsible.)", "I broke the glass by accident. (The glass broke", "by accident, but I am responsible.)", "The cat died. (No one is responsible.)", "The cat died. (The cat died because I did not", "take care of it properly and I am", "responsible.)", "The cat died. (I took care of the cat, but it", "died anyway, and I am affected.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 279, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El niño se cayo.", "El niño se nos cayó.", "The child fell. (No one is responsible or", "affected.)", "The child fell. (The child fell because we were", "inattentive, and we are responsible.)", "The child fell. (We took care of the child, but", "he fell anyway. It is not our fault, but we", "are affected.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here are other verbs that often express this concept."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acabarse", "irse", "ocurrirse", "olvidarse", "perderse", "to run out of", "to go away, to leave quickly", "to get the idea of, to occur to", "to forget", "to lose"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0280-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No pudiste hacer los sándwiches;", "se te acabó el pan.", "No se me ocurrió trabajar ayer.", "Se le olvidó la fecha de tu", "cumpleaños.", "Se me perdieron mis gafas.", "You couldn't make the sandwiches.", "you ran out of bread. (It wasn't", "your fault.)", "It didn't occur to me to work", "yesterday.", "He forgot the date of your", "birthday by accident.", "I lost my glasses by accident."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 280, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.11", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct verb form and object pronouns.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no te secas el pelo? ¿Por qué no ___________________?", "2. Vamos a quitarnos el vestido. Vamos a ___________________.", "3. Ellos se cepillaron los dientes. Ellos ___________________.", "4. Él se puso las medias. Él ___________________.", "5. Me corté el dedo. Yo ___________________.", "6. Los niños se van a lavar las manos. Ellos ___________________.", "7. Ella se peina el pelo bonito cada día. Ella ___________________."], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Me lastimé el tobillo. Yo", "me lo lastime", "1. Yo quería comprarte el carro, pero no tenía bastante dinero. Al fin y al", "cabo, no", "pude comprar.", "2. Él no me dio el libro. No sé dónde está. ¿Él .", "dio", "a Ud.?", "3. Necesito tu lápiz. ¿", "_ prestas?", "4. ¿Por qué no les dijeron Uds. a los muchachos la verdad? ¿Por qué no", "dijeron?", "5. Los hombres querían leer los periódicos de hoy. El vendedor", "vendió.", "6. Yo les traje una torta a Uds. Yo.", "traje anoche.", "7. Tratamos de hacerles muchas preguntas. Tratamos de [hacer]", "porque no sabemos nada.", "8. Loreta y Roberto me mandaron dos paquetes.", "mandaron ayer.", "9. Te dimos la respuesta ya..", ". dimos hace dos", "horas.", "10. ¿Por qué les prestaste dinero? ¿ .", "prestaste", "porque necesitan ayuda?", "11. Vamos a enseñarle la lección.", "vamos a enseñar.", "12. ¿Tienen Uds. frío? ¿Necesitan otra chaqueta?", "puedo traer.", "13. Ella no sabe que decirte. ¿Por qué no le cuentas el cuento? Es mejor", "[contar]", "14. Nadie quería decirle los resultados de las elecciones. Nadie", "quería decir.", "Nos lo / nos la / nos los / nos las"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "te lo secas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "quitárnoslo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se los cepillaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se las puso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "me lo corté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se las van a lavar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se lo peina", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.11 1. te lo secas 2. quitárnoslo 3. se los cepillaron 4. se las puso 5. me lo corté 6. se las van a lavar 7. se lo peina", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "te lo secas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "quitárnoslo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se los cepillaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se las puso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "me lo corté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se las van a lavar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se lo peina", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. te lo secas 2. quitárnoslo 3. se los cepillaron 4. se las puso 5. me lo corté 6. se las van a lavar 7. se lo peina"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.12", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. A él le gustó el pollo y se lo comió.", "2. Miguel no pudo entrar en su casa porque se le perdieron las llaves.", "3. Se me cayó la cuchara en la mesa y me puse furiosa.", "4. Ellos se dieron cuenta de que sus amigos no venían a verlos.", "5. ¿Cómo se les ocurrió escribir un libro juntos?", "6. Se me olvidó hacer mi tarea. Se me acabó la paciencia.", "7. ¡Cuidado! Se les van a caer los vasos. Ya se nos rompieron dos.", "8. Después de ponerse las medias, ellos se pusieron los zapatos y se fueron."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "He liked the chicken and ate it up", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "They realized that their friends were not coming to see them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "How did it occur to you to write a book together?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.12 1. He liked the chicken and ate it up. 2. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 3. The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious. 4. They realized that their friends were not coming to see them. 5. How did it occur to you to write a book together? 6. I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out. 7. Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already. 8. After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "He liked the chicken and ate it up", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "They realized that their friends were not coming to see them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "How did it occur to you to write a book together?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. He liked the chicken and ate it up. 2. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 3. The spoon fell (I dropped the spoon) on the table and I became furious. 4. They realized that their friends were not coming to see them. 5. How did it occur to you to write a book together? 6. I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out. 7. Watch out! You are going to drop the glasses. We broke two already. 8. After putting on their socks, they put on their shoes and left."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "15.13", "ansAnchor": "ch15ans13", "instruction": "On a separate sheet of paper, write the English translation of the following infinitives from Part III.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. acercarse", "2. ahogarse", "3. alcanzar", "4. amenazar", "5. arrancar", "6. atraer", "7. caber", "8. castigar", "9. colgar", "10. colocar", "11. componer", "12. concluir", "13. conducir", "14. construir", "15. contener", "16. contradecir", "17. contribuir", "18. corregir", "19. creer", "20. deshacer", "21. destacar", "22. destruir", "23. detener", "24. distraer", "25. distribuir", "26. entregar", "27. fluir", "28. huir", "29. incluir", "30. influir", "31. justificar", "32. lanzar", "33. madrugar", "34. mantener", "35. mascar", "36. pegar", "37. pescar", "38. poseer", "39. prevenir", "40. producir", "41. proponer", "42. publicar", "43. realizar", "44. rezar", "45. sacar", "46. suplicar", "47. traducir", "48. tragar", "49. tropezarse", "50. vagar"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "to approach", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "to drown", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "to reach, to overtake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "to threaten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "to pull out, to root out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "to attract", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "to fit", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "to punish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "to hang", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "to put in place, to place", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "to compose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "to conclude", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "to build, to construct", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "to contain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "to contradict", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "to contribute", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "to correct", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "to believe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "to undo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "to stick out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "to destroy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "to detain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "to distract", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "to distribute", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "to hand in, to deliver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "to flow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "to flee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "to include", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "to influence", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "to justify", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "to throw, to shoot", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 33, "answer": "to get up early", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 34, "answer": "to maintain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 35, "answer": "to chew", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 36, "answer": "to hit, to glue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 37, "answer": "to fish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 38, "answer": "to possess", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 39, "answer": "to prevent", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 40, "answer": "to produce", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 41, "answer": "to propose", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 42, "answer": "to publish", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 43, "answer": "to fulfill", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 44, "answer": "to pray", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 45, "answer": "to take out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 46, "answer": "to beg", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 47, "answer": "to translate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 48, "answer": "to swallow", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 49, "answer": "to bump into", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 50, "answer": "to wander", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "15.13 1. to approach 2. to drown 3. to reach, to overtake 4. to threaten 5. to pull out, to root out 6. to attract 7. to fit 8. to punish 9. to hang 10. to put in place, to place 11. to compose 12. to conclude 13. to drive 14. to build, to construct 15. to contain 16. to contradict 17. to contribute 18. to correct 19. to believe 20. to undo 21. to stick out 22. to destroy 23. to detain 24. to distract 25. to distribute 26. to hand in, to deliver 27. to flow 28. to flee 29. to include 30. to influence 31. to justify 32. to throw, to shoot 33. to get up early 34. to maintain 35. to chew 36. to hit, to glue 37. to fish 38. to possess 39. to prevent 40. to produce 41. to propose 42. to publish 43. to fulfill 44. to pray 45. to take out 46. to beg 47. to translate 48. to swallow 49. to bump into 50. to wander", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "to approach", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "to drown", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "to reach, to overtake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "to threaten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "to pull out, to root out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "to attract", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "to fit", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "to punish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "to hang", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "to put in place, to place", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "to compose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "to conclude", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "to drive", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "to build, to construct", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "to contain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "to contradict", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "to contribute", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "to correct", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "to believe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "to undo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "to stick out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "to destroy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "to detain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "to distract", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "to distribute", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "to hand in, to deliver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "to flow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "to flee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "to include", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "to influence", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "to justify", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "to throw, to shoot", "alternates": []}, {"number": 33, "answer": "to get up early", "alternates": []}, {"number": 34, "answer": "to maintain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 35, "answer": "to chew", "alternates": []}, {"number": 36, "answer": "to hit, to glue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 37, "answer": "to fish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 38, "answer": "to possess", "alternates": []}, {"number": 39, "answer": "to prevent", "alternates": []}, {"number": 40, "answer": "to produce", "alternates": []}, {"number": 41, "answer": "to propose", "alternates": []}, {"number": 42, "answer": "to publish", "alternates": []}, {"number": 43, "answer": "to fulfill", "alternates": []}, {"number": 44, "answer": "to pray", "alternates": []}, {"number": 45, "answer": "to take out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 46, "answer": "to beg", "alternates": []}, {"number": 47, "answer": "to translate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 48, "answer": "to swallow", "alternates": []}, {"number": 49, "answer": "to bump into", "alternates": []}, {"number": 50, "answer": "to wander", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. to approach 2. to drown 3. to reach, to overtake 4. to threaten 5. to pull out, to root out 6. to attract 7. to fit 8. to punish 9. to hang 10. to put in place, to place 11. to compose 12. to conclude 13. to drive 14. to build, to construct 15. to contain 16. to contradict 17. to contribute 18. to correct 19. to believe 20. to undo 21. to stick out 22. to destroy 23. to detain 24. to distract 25. to distribute 26. to hand in, to deliver 27. to flow 28. to flee 29. to include 30. to influence 31. to justify 32. to throw, to shoot 33. to get up early 34. to maintain 35. to chew 36. to hit, to glue 37. to fish 38. to possess 39. to prevent 40. to produce 41. to propose 42. to publish 43. to fulfill 44. to pray 45. to take out 46. to beg 47. to translate 48. to swallow 49. to bump into 50. to wander"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El juicio (segunda escena)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADO Cuando yo hablé con él, me di cuenta de que él no era sabio. Cuando me fui, pensaba, “Yo soy más sabio que este hombre; ninguno de nosotros no sabe nada que valga la pena saber, pero él piensa que él tiene sabiduría cuando él no la tiene, y yo, sin saber nada, no pienso que yo sea sagaz. No pienso que sé lo que no sé.” Después, fui a ver a los poetas, pensando que ellos iban a ser más sagaces que yo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pero averigüé que no es por la sabiduría que los poetas crean sus poemas sino por una inspiración divina. Por fin, fui a ver a los artesanos. Ellos sabían lo que yo no sabía y por eso eran más sabios que yo. Pero me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mucho prejuicio contra mi resultó de mi investigación. Y yo sigo con mi tarea de investigar y examinar a cada persona que pienso que es sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas primeras acusaciones."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "he tenido", "valer", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "I have had (present perfect tense)", "to mae"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "averiguar", "back": "to check out, to verify"}, {"front": "darse cuenta (de)", "back": "to realize"}, {"front": "he tenido", "back": "I have had (present perfect tense)"}, {"front": "valer", "back": "to mae"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 282, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nombre"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el arte", "the art"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "el arte", "back": "the art"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE: El arte is masculine in the singular but feminine in the plural."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el arte español", "las bellas artes", "Spanish arl", "fine arts"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "el arte español", "back": "Spanish arl"}, {"front": "las bellas artes", "back": "fine arts"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0283-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hábil", "propio", "skillful, capable", "oun"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 283, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have finished reading the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Con quiénes habló?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Qué es lo que el acusado siempre busca?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Se defendió bien el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Quién es el acusado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch16", "number": 16, "title": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of estar in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy", "tú estás", "él está", "ella está", "Ud. está", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros estamos", "vosotros estáis", "ellos están", "ellas están", "Uds. están", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo estoy", "back": "1 am"}, {"front": "nosotros estamos", "back": "we are"}, {"front": "tú estás", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "vosotros estáis", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "él está", "back": "he is"}, {"front": "ellos están", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "ella está", "back": "she is"}, {"front": "ellas están", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "Ud. está", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "Uds. están", "back": "you are"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 287, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish. Él and ella refer to people and sometimes to animals, but not to things."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the conjugation of the verb aloud. Notice that él, ella, Ud. (the third-person singular) have the same form of the verb. Notice also that ellos, ellas, Uds. (the third-person plural) have the same form of the verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estar is used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Location (where someone or something is physically located)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nosotros estamos en el tren.", "La quinta avenida está en la", "ciudad.", "We are on the train.", "Fifth Avenue is in the city.", "¿Dónde están las pirámides de", "los Mayas?", "Where are the Mayan pyramids:", "Las mujeres están en la biblioteca.", "The women are in the library."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Nosotros estamos en el tren.", "back": "We are on the train."}, {"front": "La quinta avenida está en la", "back": "Fifth Avenue is in the city."}, {"front": "¿Dónde están las pirámides de", "back": "Where are the Mayan pyramids:"}, {"front": "Las mujeres están en la biblioteca.", "back": "The women are in the library."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 287, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb, which carries the action of the phrase, is the essential element of the Spanish sentence or question because of the amount of information it carries."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0288-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Health", "Yo estoy bien, gracias.", "Ella está enferma.", "Los doctores están enfermos.", "¿ Cómo están Uds.?", "Estamos bien.", "I am fine, thanks.", "She is sick.", "The doctors are sick.", "How are you?", "We are well.", "• Changing mood or condition", "La muchacha está contenta.", "The girl is happy.", "Estoy feliz.", "I am happy.", "Los hombres están cansados.", "The men are tired.", "Estamos alegres.", "We are happy.", "¿Estás enojado?", "Are you angry?", "•", "Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance", "(English equivalents: taste/tastes with food and look/looks", "with appearance)", "La comida está buena.", "El pescado está delicioso.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "Él está guapo.", "The meal tastes good.", "The fish tastes delicious.", "The soup tastes delicious", "She looks pretty today.", "He looks handsome."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La comida está buena.", "back": "Are you angry?"}, {"front": "El pescado está delicioso.", "back": "•"}, {"front": "La sopa está sabrosa.", "back": "Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance"}, {"front": "Ella está hermosa hoy.", "back": "(English equivalents: taste/tastes with food and look/looks"}, {"front": "Él está guapo.", "back": "with appearance)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 288, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often, the pronouns yo, nosotros, and tú are omitted. This is possible because the verb form estamos carries the meaning we are; estoy can only mean I am. The same is true of tú estás, which means you are whether tú is omitted or not."}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "These words will help enhance your ability to communicate. As you learn them, remember to practice them aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Interrogative Words"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ cómo?", "¿cuál?, ¿cuáles?", "¿cuándo?", "¿cuánto?, ¿cuántos?", "¿dónde?", "¿por qué?", "¿ qué?", "¿quién?, ¿quiénes?", "how?", "which one?, which ones?", "when?", "how much?, how many?", "where?", "why?", "what?", "who?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aquí, acá", "allí, allá", "here", "there"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "allí, allá", "back": "there"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adverbs of Direction"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "derecho, recto", "to the right", "to the left", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "a la izquierda", "back": "to the left"}, {"front": "derecho, recto", "back": "straight ahead"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Prepositions of Location"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0289-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al lado de", "alrededor de", "ante", "bajo", "cerca de", "debajo de", "delante de", "dentro de", "detrás de", "encima de", "enfrente de, frente a", "entre", "fuera de", "junto a, pegado a", "next to", "around", "before, in front of, in the presence of", "under (more figurative than debajo de)", "near", "underneath", "before, in front of (physical location)", "inside of", "behind", "on top of", "in front of, opposite, facing, across from", "between", "outside of", "close to, right next to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 289, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0290-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lejos de", "tras", "far from", "after (in a set of expressions)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "lejos de", "back": "far from"}, {"front": "tras", "back": "after (in a set of expressions)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 290, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 5, "text": "Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0290-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegre", "bonito", "bueno", "cansado", "contento", "delicioso", "enfermo", "enojado", "feliz.", "guapo", "hermoso", "lindo", "happy, glad", "pretty", "good", "tired", "happy (contented)", "delicious", "sick", "angry", "happy", "beautiful, handsome", "beautiful, handsome", "pretty", "delicious"], "ocrConfidence": 0.98, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 290, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Guapo describes people only; bonito, hermoso, and lindo are used to describe both people and things."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.1", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar. Indicate whether the sentence expresses health, location, or changing mood.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El teléfono y el libro ___________________ en la mesa. (___________________)", "2. La mujer ___________________ bien; el hombre ___________________ enfermo. (___________________, ___________________)", "3. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? (___________________)", "4. ¿Dónde ___________________ ellos? (___________________)", "5. ¿Dónde ___________________ el baño, por favor? (___________________)", "6. El niño ___________________ enojado y la niña ___________________ triste. (___________________, ___________________)", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ alegres. (___________________)", "8. Yo ___________________ contento. (___________________)", "9. ¿Quién ___________________ aquí? (___________________)", "10. ¿Por qué ___________________ el perro en la piscina? (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLES", "Nosotros _estamos en la clase. (_location )", "La profesora _", "está", "_ aquí. (_location)", "me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones", "importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte.", "Mucho prejuicio contra mi resultó de mi investigación. Y yo sigo con", "mi tarea de investigar y examinar a cada persona que pienso que es", "sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi", "investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del", "estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo", "que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha", "rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas", "primeras acusaciones.", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "he tenido", "valer", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "I have had (present perfect tense)", "to value", "el arte", "the art", "el arte español", "Spanish art", "las bellas artes", "fine arts", "hábil", "propio", "skillful, capable", "oun", "After you have finished reading the selection, answer the following", "questions in Spanish."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está, está (health, health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está, está (changing mood, changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.1 1. están (location) 2. está, está (health, health) 3. están (health) 4. están (location) 5. está (location) 6. está, está (changing mood, changing mood) 7. están (changing mood) 8. estoy (changing mood) 9. está (location) 10. está (location)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está, está (health, health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "están (health)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está, está (changing mood, changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "estoy (changing mood)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "está (location)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. están (location) 2. está, está (health, health) 3. están (health) 4. están (location) 5. está (location) 6. está, está (changing mood, changing mood) 7. están (changing mood) 8. estoy (changing mood) 9. está (location) 10. está (location)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.2", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The river is near my house.", "2. Australia is far from Canada.", "3. The white flower is on top of the table.", "4. The children are right next to their parents.", "5. The school is between the church and the bank.", "6. Julia’s house is behind the post office.", "7. Paula is here with her brothers.", "8. Your shoes are underneath my chair.", "9. Our problem is under control.", "10. Helen’s relatives are in Spain. Their suitcases are in the United States."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "El rió está cerca de mi casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está encima de la mesa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los niños están juntos a sus padres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "La casa de Julia está detrás del correo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Paula está aquí con sus hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Nuestro problema está bajo control", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.2 1. El rió está cerca de mi casa. 2. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos. 3. La flor blanca está encima de la mesa. 4. Los niños están juntos a sus padres. 5. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco. 6. La casa de Julia está detrás del correo. 7. Paula está aquí con sus hermanos. 8. Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla. 9. Nuestro problema está bajo control. 10. Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "El rió está cerca de mi casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La flor blanca está encima de la mesa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los niños están juntos a sus padres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "La casa de Julia está detrás del correo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Paula está aquí con sus hermanos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Nuestro problema está bajo control", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. El rió está cerca de mi casa. 2. Australia está lejos de los Estados Unidos. 3. La flor blanca está encima de la mesa. 4. Los niños están juntos a sus padres. 5. La escuela está entre la iglesia y el banco. 6. La casa de Julia está detrás del correo. 7. Paula está aquí con sus hermanos. 8. Sus/Tus zapatos están debajo de mi silla. 9. Nuestro problema está bajo control. 10. Los parientes de Elena están en España. Sus maletas están en los Estados Unidos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser (to be)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is also equivalent to English to be. In English, there is only a single verb that means to be. We say, for example:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is here."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is brown."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb is the same in both cases. But in Spanish, there is a difference, and you have to choose which verb to use."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is the conjugation of ser in the present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo soy", "tú eres", "él es", "ella es", "Ud. es", "1 am", "you are", "he is", "she is", "you are", "nosotros somos", "vosotros sois", "ellos son", "ellas son", "Uds. son", "we are", "you are", "they are", "they are", "you are"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "tú eres", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "vosotros sois", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "él es", "back": "he is"}, {"front": "ellos son", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "ella es", "back": "she is"}, {"front": "ellas son", "back": "they are"}, {"front": "Ud. es", "back": "you are"}, {"front": "Uds. son", "back": "you are"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is used to express seven basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event takes place."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Description", "La casa es roja.", "El libro es interesante.", "Estas corbatas son feas.", "Somos fuertes.", "Estos zapatos son más caros que", "esas medias.", "•", "Profession", "Yo soy abogado.", "El es arquitecto.", "Ellas son maestras excelentes.", "Somos doctores.", "¿Eres tú ingeniero?", "The house is red.", "The book is interesting.", "These ties are ugly.", "We are strong.", "These shoes are more expensive", "than those socks.", "1 am a lawyer.", "He is an architect.", "They are excellent teachers.", "We are doctors.", "Are you an engineer?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0292-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "Juan es bailarín.", "Juan es un buen bailarín.", "Juan is a dancer.", "Juan is a good dancer"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Juan es bailarín.", "back": "Juan is a dancer."}, {"front": "Juan es un buen bailarín.", "back": "Juan is a good dancer"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 292, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin (where someone or something is from)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿De dónde es Ud.?", "¿De dónde son Uds.?", "Yo soy de Nueva York.", "¿De dónde es ella?", "Somos de Italia.", "Ellos son de los Estados Unidos.", "El vino es de Portugal.", "La cerveza es de México.", "El café es de Brazil.", "Where are you from?", "Where are you from?", "I am from New York.", "Where is she from?", "We are from Italy.", "They are from the United States", "The wine is from Portugal.", "The beer is from Mexico.", "The coffee is from Brazil."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In common English usage, we often end a sentence with a preposition, for example, Where are you from? This never occurs in Spanish; the preposition can never end a sentence. The preposition, in this case de, is placed in front of the interrogative word, which in this case is dónde."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Identification (relationship, nationality, or religion)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Somos amigos.", "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "Pablo es español.", "Ella es católica.", "We are friends.", "Joe and Ed are brothers", "Paul is Spanish.", "She is Catholic."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Somos amigos.", "back": "We are friends."}, {"front": "José y Eduardo son hermanos.", "back": "Joe and Ed are brothers"}, {"front": "Pablo es español.", "back": "Paul is Spanish."}, {"front": "Ella es católica.", "back": "She is Catholic."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Material (what something is made of)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La mesa es de madera.", "La bolsa es de plástico.", "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "La casa es de piedra.", "The table is of wood.", "The bag is of plastic.", "The shoes are of leather.", "The windows are of glass", "The house is of stone."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La mesa es de madera.", "back": "The table is of wood."}, {"front": "La bolsa es de plástico.", "back": "The bag is of plastic."}, {"front": "Los zapatos son de cuero.", "back": "The shoes are of leather."}, {"front": "Las ventanas son de vidrio.", "back": "The windows are of glass"}, {"front": "La casa es de piedra.", "back": "The house is of stone."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Possession or ownership"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0293-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muñeca es de la niña.", "Los amigos son de María.", "It's the child's doll./", "The doll is the child's.", "(The doll is of the child.)", "They are Marias friends. /", "The friends are María's.", "(The friends are of María.)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "La muñeca es de la niña.", "back": "It's the child's doll./"}, {"front": "Los amigos son de María.", "back": "They are Marias friends. /"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 293, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0294-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "It's Pedro's idea. /", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 294, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "De + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish language; del is one of them. When de is followed by the masculine article el, meaning the, the words contract to del, meaning of the."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Possessives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that these translations are not exact. There is no apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter’s car, for example, the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro. Make sure you understand this concept, and use whichever English translation is clearest to you."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Where an event takes place"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0294-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "La huelga es en la universidad.", "The party is at Joe's house.", "The concert is at the club.", "The protest is in the capital.", "The strike is at the university"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "back": "The party is at Joe's house."}, {"front": "El concierto es en el club.", "back": "The concert is at the club."}, {"front": "La protesta es en la capital.", "back": "The protest is in the capital."}, {"front": "La huelga es en la universidad.", "back": "The strike is at the university"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 294, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An equivalent English translation for is in the examples above is take/takes place:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The party takes place at Joe’s house."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The concert takes place at the club."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The protest takes place in the capital."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser is also used to tell time and in impersonal expressions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling time"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish uses the third-person singular or plural of ser for telling time. La refers to la hora."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es la una.", "Son las dos.", "Son las tres.", "Son las cuatro.", "Son las cinco.", "Son las seis.", "Son las siete.", "Son las ocho.", "Son las nueve.", "Son las diez.", "Son las once.", "Son las doce.", "It is one o'clock.", "It is two o'clock.", "It is three o'clock.", "It is four o'clock.", "It is five o'clock.", "It is six o'clock.", "It is seven o'clock.", "It is eight o'clock.", "It is nine o'clock.", "It is ten o'clock.", "It is eleven o'clock.", "It is twelve oclock"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "Es la una.", "back": "It is one o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las dos.", "back": "It is two o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las tres.", "back": "It is three o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las cuatro.", "back": "It is four o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las cinco.", "back": "It is five o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las seis.", "back": "It is six o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las siete.", "back": "It is seven o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las ocho.", "back": "It is eight o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las nueve.", "back": "It is nine o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las diez.", "back": "It is ten o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las once.", "back": "It is eleven o'clock."}, {"front": "Son las doce.", "back": "It is twelve oclock"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 295, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0295-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es bueno.", "Es difícil.", "Es fácil.", "Es imposible.", "Es importante.", "Es malo.", "Es mejor:", "Es necesario.", "Es posible.", "Es preciso.", "Es probable.", "Es una lástima.", "Es urgente.", "It is good.", "It is difficult.", "It is easy.", "It is impossible.", "It is important.", "It is bad.", "It is better.", "It is necessary.", "It is possible.", "It is necessary.", "It is probable.", "It's a shame. / It's a pity", "It is urgent."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 13, "cards": [{"front": "Es bueno.", "back": "It is good."}, {"front": "Es difícil.", "back": "It is difficult."}, {"front": "Es fácil.", "back": "It is easy."}, {"front": "Es imposible.", "back": "It is impossible."}, {"front": "Es importante.", "back": "It is important."}, {"front": "Es malo.", "back": "It is bad."}, {"front": "Es mejor:", "back": "It is better."}, {"front": "Es necesario.", "back": "It is necessary."}, {"front": "Es posible.", "back": "It is possible."}, {"front": "Es preciso.", "back": "It is necessary."}, {"front": "Es probable.", "back": "It is probable."}, {"front": "Es una lástima.", "back": "It's a shame. / It's a pity"}, {"front": "Es urgente.", "back": "It is urgent."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 295, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.3", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser. Indicate whether the sentence expresses description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession, or an impersonal expression.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El hombre ___________________ director. Él ___________________ de Chile. (___________________, ___________________)", "2. Ellos ___________________ doctores. Ella ___________________ profesora. (___________________, ___________________)", "3. ¿De dónde ___________________ los turistas? (___________________)", "4. Los hermanos de Pablo ___________________ simpáticos. (___________________)", "5. El hotel viejo ___________________ excelente. (___________________)", "6. Nosotros ___________________ amigos de Raúl. (___________________)", "7. Los guantes ___________________ de cuero. (___________________)", "8. La mujer y el hombre ___________________ de Ecuador. (___________________)", "9. Yo ___________________ de Puerto Rico. ¿De dónde ___________________ Ud.? (___________________, ___________________)", "10. El apartamento ___________________ de los estudiantes jóvenes. (___________________)", "11. ¿ ___________________ tú una estudiante maravillosa? (___________________)", "12. Los pantalones ___________________ verdes y rojos. (___________________)", "13. El café ___________________ de Colombia. (___________________)", "14. ¿Quién ___________________ el presidente de los Estados Unidos? (___________________)", "15. ___________________ preciso comer bien. (___________________)"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "Es la una. (telling time)", "La idea es de Pedro.", "El barco es del hombre rico.", "Los perros son del muchacho.", "Los gatos son del niño.", "El carro es de los amigos.", "It's Pedro's idea. /", "The idea is Pedro's.", "(The idea is of Pedro.)", "The boat belongs to the rich man.", "(The boat is of the rich man.)", "The dogs belong to the boy.", "(The dogs are of the boy.)", "The cats belong to the child.", "(The cats are of the child.)", "The car belongs to the friends.", "(The car is of the friends.)", "De + el (of + the) = del. There are only two contractions in the Spanish", "language; del is one of them. When de is followed by the masculine", "article el, meaning the, the words contract to del, meaning of the.", "You can see that these translations are not exact. There is no", "apostrophe in Spanish, so when you think of Peter's car, for example,", "the Spanish structure is el carro de Pedro. Make sure you understand", "this concept, and use whichever English translation is clearest to you.", "La fiesta es en la casa de José.", "El concierto es en el club.", "La protesta es en la capital.", "La huelga es en la universidad", "The party is at Joe's house.", "The concert is at the club.", "The protest is in the capital.", "The strike is at the university.", "An equivalent English translation for is in the examples above is", "take/takes place:", "The party takes place at Joe's house."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es, es (profession, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession, profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Es (impersonal expression)", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.3 1. es, es (profession, point of origin) 2. son, es (profession, profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin, point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (profession) 12. son (description) 13. es (point of origin) 14. es (profession) 15. Es (impersonal expression)", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es, es (profession, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "son, es (profession, profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "somos (identification)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "son (material)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "son (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "soy, es (point of origin, point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "es (possession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Eres (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "son (description)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es (point of origin)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "es (profession)", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Es (impersonal expression)", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es, es (profession, point of origin) 2. son, es (profession, profession) 3. son (point of origin) 4. son (description) 5. es (description) 6. somos (identification) 7. son (material) 8. son (point of origin) 9. soy, es (point of origin, point of origin) 10. es (possession) 11. Eres (profession) 12. son (description) 13. es (point of origin) 14. es (profession) 15. Es (impersonal expression)"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.4", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser.", "extra": ["Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar."], "prompts": ["1. Helena ___________________ de Colombia.", "2. El hermano de ella ___________________ católico.", "3. Ellos ___________________ profesores excelentes.", "4. Los carros ___________________ grises.", "5. Nosotros ___________________ estudiantes.", "6. San Francisco ___________________ en California.", "7. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Yo ___________________ bien.", "8. El profesor ___________________ enfermo.", "9. Nosotros ___________________ en la clase.", "10. ¿ ___________________ tú triste?", "11. Los perros ___________________ en el carro."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Estás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.4 1. es 2. es 3. son 4. son 5. somos 6. está 7. estoy 8. está 9. estamos 10. Estás 11. están", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "somos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Estás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. es 2. es 3. son 4. son 5. somos 6. está 7. estoy 8. está 9. estamos 10. Estás 11. están"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.5", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of either ser or estar.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ español.", "2. Ellos ___________________ aquí.", "3. José y Juan ___________________ enfermos.", "4. Tú ___________________ abogado.", "5. La lección no ___________________ fácil.", "6. Los estudiantes ___________________ en la ciudad.", "7. ¿Cómo ___________________ Uds.? Nosotros ___________________ bien, gracias.", "8. Hoy ___________________ miércoles. ¿Dónde ___________________ los doctores?", "9. El profesor ___________________ contento.", "10. Los espejos en el baño ___________________ grandes.", "11. La mesa, las sillas blancas y la lámpara ___________________ en la casa, pero la casa ___________________ pequeña.", "12. La amiga de Sara ___________________ enferma y Sara ___________________ triste.", "13. ¿De dónde ___________________ el vino blanco?", "14. Los muchachos y las muchachas ___________________ en el tren. Ellos ___________________ contentos porque ___________________ amigos.", "15. ¿Quién ___________________ en el parque?", "16. ¿Dónde ___________________ la sobrina de Fernando?", "17. ¿Qué hora ___________________?", "18. ___________________ las cuatro y media.", "19. La presentación ___________________ a las siete de la noche.", "20. ¿De qué color ___________________ la falda?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están, estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "es, están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "están, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "están, están, son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.5 1. soy 2. están 3. están 4. eres 5. es 6. están 7. están, estamos 8. es, están 9. está 10. son 11. están, es 12. está, está 13. es 14. están, están, son 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. Son 19. es 20. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están, estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "es, están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "están, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "están, están, son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. soy 2. están 3. están 4. eres 5. es 6. están 7. están, estamos 8. es, están 9. está 10. son 11. están, es 12. está, está 13. es 14. están, están, son 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. Son 19. es 20. es"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.6", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The dentists are in their offices.", "2. Everyone is sick. Even the doctors are sick.", "3. The soup is hot. The meal is delicious.", "4. It is necessary to study.", "5. Is it possible to learn everything?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los dentistas están en sus oficinas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Es necesario estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Es posible aprender todo?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.6 1. Los dentistas están en sus oficinas. 2. Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos. 3. La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa. 4. Es necesario estudiar. 5. ¿Es posible aprender todo?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los dentistas están en sus oficinas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Es necesario estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Es posible aprender todo?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los dentistas están en sus oficinas. 2. Todo el mundo está enfermo. Hasta los doctores están enfermos. 3. La sopa está caliente. La comida está deliciosa/sabrosa. 4. Es necesario estudiar. 5. ¿Es posible aprender todo?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Common Expressions with estar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["está bien", "estar a salvo", "estar bien", "estar con", "estar de acuerdo con", "estar de buen genio", "estar de buen humor", "estar de mal genio", "estar de mal humor", "estar de pie", "estar de rodillas", "estar de vacaciones", "estar de vuelta", "estar en peligro", "estar entre la vida y la muerte", "estar listo", "estar mal", "estar para", "estar por", "estar seguro", "estar sin", "okay, fine", "to be safe", "to be fine", "to be with", "to be in agreement with", "to be in a good mood", "to be in a good mood", "to be in a bad mood", "to be in a bad mood", "to be standing up", "to be on one's knees", "to be on vacation", "to be returning", "to be in danger", "to be between life and death", "to be ready", "to be bad (adverb)", "to be about to", "to be in favor of", "to be sure", "to he without"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In general, estar is used with the adjectives frío, caliente, sucio, and limpio."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El agua está fría.", "La sopa está caliente.", "Mi apartamento está sucio.", "La casa de María está limpia.", "The water is cold.", "The soup is hot.", "My apartment is dirty", "María's house is clean."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Common Expressions with ser"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0299-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser bueno", "ser malo", "ser listo", "ser todo oídos", "to be good", "to be bad", "to be clever", "to he all ears"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "ser bueno", "back": "to be good"}, {"front": "ser malo", "back": "to be bad"}, {"front": "ser listo", "back": "to be clever"}, {"front": "ser todo oídos", "back": "to he all ears"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 299, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Ser and estar and Description"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned that ser is used for basic description, as in the following examples:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The dog is white."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The floor is gray."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "We are intelligent."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, there are specific situations with description in which estar is used. Following are examples of typical uses of ser for description, contrasted with related specific uses of estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0300-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Food", "When talking about food in general, use ser:", "El pescado es bueno para la salud.", "Fish is good for health.", "La carne es mala para la presión.", "Meat is bad for the blood pressure", "When giving an opinion about food, use estar.", "Esta comida está mala.", "This meal is bad.", "El pescado está bueno.", "The fish is good.", "La sopa está sabrosa.", "The soup is delicious.", "Las papas están deliciosas.", "The potatoes are delicious.", "Appearance", "When stating an inherent characteristic, use ser.", "Ella es hermosa.", "She is beautiful.", "Él es gordo.", "He is fat.", "La actriz es vieja.", "The actress is old.", "Mis amigas son delgadas.", "My friends are slender.", "When giving an opinion about appearance, use estar.", "Ella está hermosa.", "She looks beautiful.", "Él está gordo.", "He looks fat to me.", "(He has gotten fat.)", "La actriz está vieja.", "The actress looks old."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "La sopa está sabrosa.", "back": "The fish is good."}, {"front": "Las papas están deliciosas.", "back": "The soup is delicious."}, {"front": "Él es gordo.", "back": "He is fat."}, {"front": "Ella está hermosa.", "back": "She looks beautiful."}, {"front": "La actriz está vieja.", "back": "The actress looks old."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 300, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0301-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Classification", "When an adjective applies to something that exists without exception, use", "ser.", "Los seres humanos son mortales.", "La sangre es roja.", "Human beings are mortal.", "Blood is red.", "El agua es necesaria para la vida.", "El oxígeno es indispensable para", "Water is necessary for life.", "Oxygen is indispensable for living", "los seres vivos.", "beings.", "La nieve es blanca.", "Snow is white.", "El cielo es azul.", "The sky is blue.", "When the description is outside the known or cultural norm, use estar:", "La nieve está roja por la sangre.", "The snow is red because of", "the blood.", "El cielo está anaranjado y amarillo", "por la puesta del sol.", "La puerta está azul marino por", "el sol fuerte.", "Los labios del niño están azules", "porque está congelado.", "The sky is orange and yellow", "because of the sunset.", "The door looks navy blue because", "of the strong sun.", "The child's lips are blue because", "he is freezing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "El cielo está anaranjado y amarillo", "back": "The sky is orange and yellow"}, {"front": "por la puesta del sol.", "back": "because of the sunset."}, {"front": "La puerta está azul marino por", "back": "The door looks navy blue because"}, {"front": "el sol fuerte.", "back": "of the strong sun."}, {"front": "Los labios del niño están azules", "back": "The child's lips are blue because"}, {"front": "porque está congelado.", "back": "he is freezing."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 301, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "16.7", "ansAnchor": "ch16ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser or estar, according to the meaning of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El niño ___________________ de mal genio hoy. Su mamá no sabe que hacer.", "2. ___________________ o no ___________________; es la cuestión.", "3. La reunión ___________________ en el segundo piso.", "4. Las flores que los estudiantes me regalan ___________________ en el salón.", "5. ¿Dónde ___________________ yo?", "6. ¿Cómo sabes quien ___________________ (tú)?", "7. ¿Qué hora ___________________? ___________________ las dos.", "8. ¿Cuál ___________________ la fecha de hoy?", "9. ___________________ las once de la noche. Ya ___________________ tarde.", "10. ___________________ demasiado temprano para levantarse.", "11. Hoy ___________________ lunes, el cinco de mayo.", "12. El estudiante trabaja mucho para ___________________ doctor.", "13. La muchacha llora sin ___________________ triste.", "14. El agua ___________________ fría.", "15. Esta comida de tu madre ___________________ sabrosa.", "16. Con los problemas que él tiene, no me explico como este hombre ___________________ tan contento.", "17. Tu rival ___________________ más listo que tú en esta ocasión.", "18. La comida que sirven aquí ___________________ caliente.", "19. Luis y su familia ___________________ muy alegres de haberse ganado la lotería.", "20. Este cuarto ___________________ la habitación más bonita de la casa.", "21. ¿Quién ___________________ en peligro en una ciudad grande?", "22. No hay cupo en el tren y yo tengo que ___________________ de pie.", "23. La mujer ___________________ muy enferma; ___________________ entre la vida y la muerte.", "24. La profesora tiene una opinión pero sus estudiantes no ___________________ de acuerdo con ella.", "25. Siempre escucho las noticias. Yo ___________________ todo oídos.", "26. El agua ___________________ necesaria para la vida.", "27. La clase ___________________ para terminar y todo el mundo ___________________ para salir.", "28. El cielo ___________________ gris.", "29. Nosotros ___________________ sin un paraguas.", "30. Esta lección ___________________ difícil."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "es, Son", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Son, es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "16.7 1. está 2. Ser, ser 3. es 4. están 5. estoy 6. eres 7. es, Son 8. es 9. Son, es 10. Es 11. es 12. ser 13. estar 14. está 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. está 19. están 20. es 21. está 22. estar 23. está, está 24. están 25. soy 26. es 27. está, está 28. está 29. estamos 30. es", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ser, ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "estoy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "es, Son", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Son, es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "ser", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "estar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "soy", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "está, está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "está", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "estamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está 2. Ser, ser 3. es 4. están 5. estoy 6. eres 7. es, Son 8. es 9. Son, es 10. Es 11. es 12. ser 13. estar 14. está 15. está 16. está 17. es 18. está 19. están 20. es 21. está 22. estar 23. está, está 24. están 25. soy 26. es 27. está, está 28. está 29. estamos 30. es"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Machu Picchu Ancient Mountain"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Machu Picchu es uno de los sitios más impresionantes del mundo. La ciudad antigua de los incas, construida en 1450 de piedras enormes y jardines maravillosos, está en Perú a 120 kilómetros de Cuzco, un pueblo colonial."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es el año 1979. Estoy en Cuzco con un grupo turístico. Al principio, somos un buen grupo. Pero con en el calor insoportable del verano, el grupo cambia y somos todos contra uno y uno contra todos. En este sitio tan espiritual, en la cumbre de las montañas de los incas, bajo una vista majestuosa de las montañas, donde uno está cerca de los dioses de los incas y lejos de la civilización conocida, somos enemigos mortales."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El bus de regreso está lleno de pasajeros. Son las cuatro de la tarde y estamos de vuelta. Estoy sola ahora y según el refrán “es mejor estar sola que mal acompañada”."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0303-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "cambiar", "estar", "ser", "Preposiciones", "contra", "según", "Adjetivos", "conocido", "construido", "insoportable", "lleno", "Expresiones", "al principio", "en la cumbre", "to change", "to be", "to be", "against", "according to", "known", "constructed", "unbearable", "full", "at the beginning", "on the top (of a mountain)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 303, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es el/la protagonista mujer u hombre? ¿Cómo sabe Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es Machu Picchu?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Es una buena experiencia para el grupo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál estación es? ¿Cómo es el clima?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch17", "number": 17, "title": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Preterit Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit expresses action completed in the past. The English translation is usually the simple past. The preterit is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action completed in the past (action with a definite end)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A series of actions completed in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A condition that is no longer in effect"}, {"kind": "key_vocab_header", "title": "Key Vocabulary"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This list of words is often used when referring to past actions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Adverbios y Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0305-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["anoche", "ayer", "anteayer", "hace", "hace dos días", "pasado", "la semana pasada", "el mes pasado", "el año pasado", "last night", "yesterday", "the day before yesterday", "ago (when it is used before a period of time", "in the past)", "two days ago", "past, last", "last week", "last month", "last year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 305, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Keep in mind that the action or actions expressed by the preterit have been completed. It doesn’t make any difference how long the action went on before; the action has a definite end."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugation of estar in the preterit follows. Remember the three primary uses of estar: location, health, and changing mood or condition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0306-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "él estuvo", "ella estuvo", "Ud estuvo", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "ellos estuvieron", "ellas estuvieron", "Uds estuvieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 306, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0306-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Location", "Estuvimos en la escuela a las", "once esta mañana.", "¿Dónde estuviste anoche?", "Mis estudiantes estuvieron en", "clase ayer a las tres.", "• Health", "Mi amigo estuvo con gripe el", "mes pasado, pero está bien hoy.", "Isabel y su hermana estuvieron", "enfermas el martes, pero están", "mucho mejor hoy.", "¿Cómo estuviste tú esta mañana?", "Changing mood or condition", "¿Estuviste de mal humor ayer?", "Las mujeres estuvieron alegres", "hasta las dos.", "Estuvimos tristes por una hora.", "We were at school at eleven o'clock", "this morning.", "Where were you last night?", "My students were in class", "yesterday at three o'clock.", "My friend had the flu last month,", "but he is fine today.", "Isabel and her sister were sick", "on Tuesday, but they are much", "better today.", "How were you this morning?", "Were you in a bad mood", "yesterday?", "The women were happy until two", "ơ'clock.", "We were sad for an hour."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 306, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0307-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "él fue", "ella fue", "Ud fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "ellos fueron", "ellas fueron", "Uds fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9545454545454546, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 307, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit of ser is used most often for profession and identification."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0307-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Profession", "Antonio fue médico de nuestro", "pueblo.", "Fui cantante hace mucho tiempo.", "¿Fue Ud. la maestra de la clase?", "• Identification", "Fue un buen hombre.", "Fuimos amigos.", "Las negociaciones fueron a favor", "de la paz.", "Tony was the doctor of our town.", "I was a singer a long time ago.", "Were you the teacher of the class!", "He was a good man.", "We were friends.", "The negotiations were in favor", "of peace."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333333333333333, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 307, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.1", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of ser or estar, according to the context of the sentence.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella es profesora hoy, pero antes ___________________ azafata.", "2. Yo ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "3. Nosotros ___________________ muy contentos ayer porque nos ganamos la lotería.", "4. ¿Por qué ___________________ Manuel en la cárcel sin decirnos nada?", "5. Ellos ___________________ en el supermercado hoy para comprar alimentos.", "6. La semana pasada, Raúl ___________________ en México. Regresó a casa ayer.", "7. Los muchachos ___________________ enfermos anteayer, pero están bien hoy.", "8. ___________________ una buena idea.", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ la familia de Federico esta tarde?", "10. ¿Quiénes ___________________ en la librería a las nueve y media esta mañana?", "11. Yo ___________________ por irme de vacaciones, pero me faltó valor.", "12. Nosotros ___________________ de pie la mayor parte del concierto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estuve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.1 1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. estuvo 5. estuvieron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. estuvieron 11. estuve 12. estuvimos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estuve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fue 2. fui 3. estuvimos 4. estuvo 5. estuvieron 6. estuvo 7. estuvieron 8. Fue 9. estuvo 10. estuvieron 11. estuve 12. estuvimos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser and estar with Description in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "On an advanced level, there are situations in which the speaker can decide whether to use ser or estar in the preterit tense with adjectives. A Spanish speaker can say, for example:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El concierto fue fantástico.", "The concert was fantastic"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El concierto fue fantástico.", "back": "The concert was fantastic"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "With this sentence, the speaker transmits a “categorical” judgment, a completed absolute fact."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, a Spanish speaker may choose to say:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El concierto estuvo fantástico.", "The concert was fantastic"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El concierto estuvo fantástico.", "back": "The concert was fantastic"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This sentence is more descriptive and represents a “circumstantial” judgment."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Descriptive Judgments"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When examples such as these are presented to native speakers, all generally opine that both are correct, and the majority do not find any perceptible difference between the two. Those who do find some difference are not always able to articulate exactly what this difference is."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0308-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La cantante fue maravillosa.", "La cantante estuvo maravillosa.", "Me gustó la clase. Fue buena.", "Me gustó la clase. Estuvo buena.", "The singer was marvelous.", "(statement of fact)", "The singer was marvelous.", "(opinion indicating that", "the concertgoer enjoyed", "the performance)", "I liked the class. It was good.", "(statement of fact; a categorical", "statement about the class)", "I liked the class. It was good.", "(circumstantial judgment)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8636363636363636, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 308, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect tense expresses action in the past that is not seen as completed. The imperfect is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that “sets the stage” for another past action"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that expresses a narration, background, or situation in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Repeated, habitual, and customary actions in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Continuous actions or actions in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Description in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Point of origin in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling time in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Telling one’s age (with tener) in the past"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Estar in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estaba", "tú estabas", "él estaba", "ella estaba", "Ud. estaba", "nosotros estábamos", "vosotros estabais", "ellos estaban", "ellas estaban", "Uds. estaban"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9090909090909091, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "yo estaba", "back": "nosotros estábamos"}, {"front": "tú estabas", "back": "vosotros estabais"}, {"front": "él estaba", "back": "ellos estaban"}, {"front": "ella estaba", "back": "ellas estaban"}, {"front": "Ud. estaba", "back": "Uds. estaban"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 309, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0309-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Location", "Los enamorados estaban a la", "sombra de un árbol.", "El bolígrafo estaba debajo de la", "mesa.", "¿Dónde estaban Uds. anoche?", "Estábamos en el teatro.", "• Health", "El hombre estaba cansado,", "pero siguió con su trabajo.", "Las pacientes estaban en el", "hospital porque estaban", "enfermas.", "The lovers were in the shade", "of a tree.", "The pen was under the table.", "Where were you last night?", "We were in the theater.", "The man was tired, but he", "continued with his work.", "The patients were in the hospital", "because they were sick."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8478260869565217, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 309, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Changing mood or condition", "¿Por qué estaba triste la mujer?", "Los niños estaban alegres por", "no tener clases.", "Why was the woman sad?", "The children were happy because", "of not having class.", "Personal opinion about food or appearance", "La comida estaba buena.", "The meal was good.", "El pescado estaba delicioso.", "The fish tasted delicious.", "Las mujeres estaban bonitas.", "The women looked pretty."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "•", "back": "Changing mood or condition"}, {"front": "¿Por qué estaba triste la mujer?", "back": "Why was the woman sad?"}, {"front": "Los niños estaban alegres por", "back": "The children were happy because"}, {"front": "no tener clases.", "back": "of not having class."}, {"front": "La comida estaba buena.", "back": "The meal was good."}, {"front": "El pescado estaba delicioso.", "back": "The fish tasted delicious."}, {"front": "Las mujeres estaban bonitas.", "back": "The women looked pretty."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ser in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo era", "tú eras", "él era", "ella era", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellos eran", "ellas eran", "Uds. eran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You learned that ser can be used in the preterit for profession and identification. The other uses of ser are best served by the imperfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0310-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "• Description in the past", "La casa era blanca.", "Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero", "tenía el pelo negro.", "Era un caluroso día del mes de", "julio cuando nos vimos.", "Era agosto, lo recuerdo bien.", "•", "• Point of origin in the past", "El hombre era de Perú.", "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", "The house was white.", "Our neighbor was old, but he had", "black hair.", "It was a hot day in the month of", "July when we saw each other.", "It was August, I remember it well.", "The man was from Peru.", "His friends were from Chile.", "The red flowers were from Bolivia"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 310, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Telling time in the past", "Eran las cinco y Federico iba a", "la tienda por última vez.", "¿Qué hora era? Eran las dos de", "la tarde.", "Eran las nueve de la noche y los", "niños dormían.", "Eran las tres menos diez de la", "tarde cuando el profesor llegó.", "Identification in the past", "Era un buen hombre.", "Mi tío siempre era más alto que", "yo.", "Éramos siempre buenos amigos.", "It was five o'clock, and Fred was", "going to the store for the last", "time.", "What time was it? It was two in", "the afternoon.", "It was nine at night and the", "children were sleeping.", "It was ten to three in the afternoon", "when the professor arrived.", "He was a good man.", "My uncle was always taller than I.", "We were always good friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Preterit or Imperfect Determined by the Speaker"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can use both the preterit and imperfect tenses in expressing relationships and in impersonal expressions."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Relationships"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fuimos buenos amigos.", "Éramos buenos amigos.", "We were good friends", "We were good friends"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9897959183673469, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Fuimos buenos amigos.", "back": "We were good friends"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this example, the English translations are the same, but when you use the preterit in Spanish, it means that the action is completed; the friendship is over."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0311-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fue bueno.", "Era bueno.", "It was good", "It was good"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Fue bueno.", "back": "It was good"}, {"front": "Era bueno.", "back": "It was good"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 311, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The use of the preterit or imperfect in these situations is a choice made by the speaker; the speaker decides whether the action is completed."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.2", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans2", "instruction": "Review ser and estar in the imperfect, then rewrite the following sentences, changing the verb from the present tense to the imperfect.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mi padre es de Polonia. Mi padre era de Polonia.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo soy de Venezuela. ___________________", "2. Ellos son de España. ___________________", "3. ¿Qué hora es? ___________________", "4. Nosotros estamos bien. ___________________", "5. Mi jardín es el más hermoso de la ciudad.", "_______________________________________________", "6. Los tres amigos están aquí. ___________________", "7. No estoy cansada. ___________________", "8. Somos cantantes. ___________________", "9. ¿Dónde estás? ___________________", "10. Yo estoy en la casa con mi hermana."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo era de Venezuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Yo no estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.2 1. Yo era de Venezuela. 2. Ellos eran de España. 3. ¿Qué hora era? 4. Nosotros estábamos bien. 5. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 6. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 7. Yo no estaba cansada. 8. Éramos cantantes. 9. ¿Dónde estabas? 10. Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo era de Venezuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ellos eran de España", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Qué hora era?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Nosotros estábamos bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Los tres amigos estaban aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Yo no estaba cansada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Éramos cantantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Dónde estabas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo era de Venezuela. 2. Ellos eran de España. 3. ¿Qué hora era? 4. Nosotros estábamos bien. 5. Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad. 6. Los tres amigos estaban aquí. 7. Yo no estaba cansada. 8. Éramos cantantes. 9. ¿Dónde estabas? 10. Yo estaba en la casa con mi hermana."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.3", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of ser or estar in the preterit or imperfect, according to the meaning of the sentence.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Lorenzo fue escritor. Ahora es bombero."], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ camarero. Ahora soy maestro.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ en el banco precisamente a las nueve esta mañana.", "3. Ayer, ___________________ un día de mucha lluvia. Hace buen tiempo hoy.", "4. El paciente ___________________ en la oficina del doctor a las siete de la mañana para su operación.", "5. Carlos ___________________ gerente por dos años.", "6. ___________________ la última vez que yo ___________________ a la playa.", "7. ¿Quién ___________________ el presidente en el año mil novecientos noventa y dos?", "8. La situación no ___________________ tan grave.", "9. ___________________ las dos cuando sonó el despertador.", "10. El hombre ___________________ de Perú.", "11. ¿Qué día ___________________ cuando ella se graduó?", "12. Me gustó la obra de teatro. ___________________ buena.", "13. Nosotros ___________________ enfermos ayer, pero nos sentimos bien hoy.", "14. ___________________ difícil recordar todo.", "15. ___________________ una buena idea, pero no vamos a usarla."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Eran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "estuvo/fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.3 1. fui 2. estuvimos 3. era 4. estuvo 5. fue 6. fue, fui 7. era 8. era 9. Eran 10. era 11. era 12. estuvo/fue 13. estuvimos 14. Era/Fue 15. Era/Fue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estuvo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "fue, fui", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Eran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "estuvo/fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estuvimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Era/Fue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fui 2. estuvimos 3. era 4. estuvo 5. fue 6. fue, fui 7. era 8. era 9. Eran 10. era 11. era 12. estuvo/fue 13. estuvimos 14. Era/Fue 15. Era/Fue"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs are regular in the preterit tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the preterit, drop the ending and add -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudé", "nosotros ayudamos", "tú ayudaste", "vosotros ayudasteis", "Ud. ayudó", "Uds. ayudaron", "pensar to think", "yo pensé", "tú pensaste", "ella pensó", "nosotros pensamos", "vosotros pensasteis", "ellas pensaron", "cantar to sing", "yo canté", "tú cantaste", "él cantó", "nosotros cantamos", "vosotros cantasteis", "ellos cantaron", "recordar to remember", "yo recordé", "nosotros recordamos", "tú recordaste", "vosotros recordasteis", "ella recordó", "ellas recordaron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "yo ayudé", "back": "nosotros ayudamos"}, {"front": "yo canté", "back": "nosotros cantamos"}, {"front": "tú ayudaste", "back": "vosotros ayudasteis"}, {"front": "tú cantaste", "back": "vosotros cantasteis"}, {"front": "Ud. ayudó", "back": "Uds. ayudaron"}, {"front": "él cantó", "back": "ellos cantaron"}, {"front": "yo pensé", "back": "nosotros pensamos"}, {"front": "yo recordé", "back": "nosotros recordamos"}, {"front": "tú pensaste", "back": "vosotros pensasteis"}, {"front": "tú recordaste", "back": "vosotros recordasteis"}, {"front": "ella pensó", "back": "ellas pensaron"}, {"front": "ella recordó", "back": "ellas recordaron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 313, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms carry written accents. It is very important to practice the pronunciation, stressing the accented syllable. Pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can té, tú can tas te, Ud. can tó, nosotros can ta mos, vosotros can tas teis, ellos can ta ron. Review the basic pronunciation rules: All words that end in n, s, or a vowel have the stress on the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit first-person plural nosotros form is identical to the present indicative form. Context clarifies whether the verb is in the present or preterit tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterit, drop the ending and add -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["comer to eat", "yo comí", "tú comiste", "él comió", "ver to see", "yo vi", "tú viste", "Ud. vio", "nosotros comimos", "vosotros comisteis", "ellos comieron", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "Uds. vieron", "entender to understand", "yo entendí", "nosotros entendimos", "tú entendiste", "vosotros entendisteis", "ella entendió", "ellas entendieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo comí", "back": "nosotros comimos"}, {"front": "yo entendí", "back": "nosotros entendimos"}, {"front": "tú comiste", "back": "vosotros comisteis"}, {"front": "tú entendiste", "back": "vosotros entendisteis"}, {"front": "él comió", "back": "ellos comieron"}, {"front": "ella entendió", "back": "ellas entendieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 314, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0314-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir to share", "yo comparti", "nosotros compartimos", "tú compartiste", "vosotros compartisteis", "él compartió", "ellos compartieron", "descubrir to discover", "yo descubrí", "nosotros descubrimos", "tú descubriste", "vosotros descubristeis", "Ud. descubrió", "Uds. descubrieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 314, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["salir to leave, to go out", "yo salí", "nosotros salimos", "tú saliste", "vosotros salisteis", "ella clo", "ellas salieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo salí", "back": "nosotros salimos"}, {"front": "tú saliste", "back": "vosotros salisteis"}, {"front": "ella clo", "back": "ellas salieron"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that the verb ver is regular. It does not carry an accent mark on the third-person singular form vio, because the form has only one syllable. The nosotros form of -ir verbs in the preterit is identical to the present indicative form. Its meaning becomes clear in context."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following verbs have a stem change in the preterit. This stem change occurs only in the third-person singular and plural forms of the preterit."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["mentir to lie", "yo menti", "tú mentiste", "Ud. mintió", "nosotros mentimos", "vosotros mentisteis", "Uds. mintieron", "dormir to sleep", "yo dormí", "nosotros dormimos", "tú dormiste", "vosotros dormisteis", "ella durmió", "ellas durmieron", "pedir to request, to ask for", "yo pedí", "nosotros pedimos", "tú pediste", "él pidió", "vosotros pedisteis", "ellos pidieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo menti", "back": "nosotros mentimos"}, {"front": "yo pedí", "back": "nosotros pedimos"}, {"front": "tú mentiste", "back": "vosotros mentisteis"}, {"front": "tú pediste", "back": "vosotros pedisteis"}, {"front": "Ud. mintió", "back": "Uds. mintieron"}, {"front": "él pidió", "back": "ellos pidieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that are irregular in the preterit have an irregular stem and a special set of endings. Note that the endings do not carry accent marks. To conjugate an irregular verb in the preterit, add the endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron to the irregular stems."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["andar to walk, to stroll", "yo anduve", "nosotros anduvimos", "tú anduviste", "vosotros anduvisteis", "él anduvo", "ellos anduvieron", "caber to fit (one thing inside", "another)", "yo cupe", "tú cupiste", "ella cupo", "nosotros cupimos", "vosotros cupisteis", "ellas cupieron"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo anduve", "back": "nosotros anduvimos"}, {"front": "yo cupe", "back": "nosotros cupimos"}, {"front": "tú anduviste", "back": "vosotros anduvisteis"}, {"front": "tú cupiste", "back": "vosotros cupisteis"}, {"front": "él anduvo", "back": "ellos anduvieron"}, {"front": "ella cupo", "back": "ellas cupieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 315, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar to be", "yo estuve", "tú estuviste", "Ud. estuvo", "nosotros estuvimos", "vosotros estuvisteis", "Uds. estuvieron", "poder to be able, can", "yo pude", "nosotros pudimos", "tú pudiste", "vosotros pudisteis", "Ud. pudo", "Uds. pudieron", "querer to want", "yo quise", "tú quisiste", "ella quiso", "nosotros quisimos", "vosotros quisisteis", "ellas quisieron", "tener to have", "yo tuve", "tú tuviste", "é tuvo", "nosotros tuvimos", "vosotros tuvisteis", "ellos tuvieron", "hacer to do, to make", "yo hice", "nosotros hicimos", "tú hiciste", "vosotros hicisteis", "él hizo", "ellos hicieron", "poner to put", "yo puse", "tú pusiste", "nosotros pusimos", "vosotros pusisteis", "él puso", "ellos pusieron", "saber to know, to know how", "yo supe", "nosotros supimos", "tú supiste", "vosotros supisteis", "Ud. supo", "Uds. supieron", "venir to come", "yo vine", "tú viniste", "él vino", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros vinisteis", "ellos vinieron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9204545454545454, "cardCount": 24, "cards": [{"front": "yo estuve", "back": "nosotros estuvimos"}, {"front": "yo hice", "back": "nosotros hicimos"}, {"front": "tú estuviste", "back": "vosotros estuvisteis"}, {"front": "tú hiciste", "back": "vosotros hicisteis"}, {"front": "Ud. estuvo", "back": "Uds. estuvieron"}, {"front": "él hizo", "back": "ellos hicieron"}, {"front": "yo pude", "back": "nosotros pudimos"}, {"front": "yo puse", "back": "nosotros pusimos"}, {"front": "tú pudiste", "back": "vosotros pudisteis"}, {"front": "tú pusiste", "back": "vosotros pusisteis"}, {"front": "Ud. pudo", "back": "Uds. pudieron"}, {"front": "él puso", "back": "ellos pusieron"}, {"front": "yo quise", "back": "nosotros quisimos"}, {"front": "yo supe", "back": "nosotros supimos"}, {"front": "tú quisiste", "back": "vosotros quisisteis"}, {"front": "tú supiste", "back": "vosotros supisteis"}, {"front": "ella quiso", "back": "ellas quisieron"}, {"front": "Ud. supo", "back": "Uds. supieron"}, {"front": "yo tuve", "back": "nosotros tuvimos"}, {"front": "yo vine", "back": "nosotros vinimos"}, {"front": "tú tuviste", "back": "vosotros tuvisteis"}, {"front": "tú viniste", "back": "vosotros vinisteis"}, {"front": "é tuvo", "back": "ellos tuvieron"}, {"front": "él vino", "back": "ellos vinieron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the irregular preterit stem ends in -j, the third-person endings become -o and -eron."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir to say, to tell", "yo dije", "nosotros dijimos", "tú dijiste", "vosotros dijisteis", "ella dijo", "ellas dijeron", "traer to bring", "yo traje", "tú trajiste", "él trajo", "nosotros trajimos", "vosotros trajisteis", "ellos trajeron", "producir to produce", "yo produje", "nosotros produjimos", "tú produjiste", "vosotros produjisteis", "Ud. produjo", "Uds. produjeron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo dije", "back": "nosotros dijimos"}, {"front": "yo produje", "back": "nosotros produjimos"}, {"front": "tú dijiste", "back": "vosotros dijisteis"}, {"front": "tú produjiste", "back": "vosotros produjisteis"}, {"front": "ella dijo", "back": "ellas dijeron"}, {"front": "Ud. produjo", "back": "Uds. produjeron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dar, ir, and ser have different sets of endings."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar to give", "yo di", "tú diste", "ella di", "nosotros dimos", "vosotros disteis", "ellas dieron", "ir to go", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "Ud fue", "nosotros fuimos", "vosotros fuisteis", "Uds. fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9204545454545454, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo di", "back": "nosotros dimos"}, {"front": "yo fui", "back": "nosotros fuimos"}, {"front": "tú diste", "back": "vosotros disteis"}, {"front": "tú fuiste", "back": "vosotros fuisteis"}, {"front": "ella di", "back": "ellas dieron"}, {"front": "Ud fue", "back": "Uds. fueron"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 316, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0317-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ser to be", "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "e fue", "nosotros vimos", "vosotros visteis", "ellos fueron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo fui", "back": "nosotros fuimos"}, {"front": "tú fuiste", "back": "vosotros fuisteis"}, {"front": "e fue", "back": "ellos fueron"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 317, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular form of haber in the preterit is hubo, meaning there was, there were, was there?, were there?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is important to memorize the preterit forms of all the irregular verbs, so that you will be able to use any verb you wish in the preterit."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate a regular -ar verb in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban to the stem. The first- and third-person singular forms (yo, él, ella, Ud.) are identical."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["acompañar to acompany", "yo acompañaba", "nosotros acompañábamos", "tú acompañabas", "vosotros acompañabais", "él acompañaba", "ellos acompañaban", "dar to give", "yo daba", "tú dabas", "ella daba", "nosotros dábamos", "vosotros dabais", "ellas daban", "trabajar to work", "yo trabajaba", "tú trabajabas", "Ud. trabajaba", "nosotros trabajábamos", "vosotros trabajabais", "Uds. trabajaban"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "yo acompañaba", "back": "nosotros acompañábamos"}, {"front": "tú acompañabas", "back": "vosotros acompañabais"}, {"front": "él acompañaba", "back": "ellos acompañaban"}, {"front": "yo daba", "back": "nosotros dábamos"}, {"front": "tú dabas", "back": "vosotros dabais"}, {"front": "ella daba", "back": "ellas daban"}, {"front": "yo trabajaba", "back": "nosotros trabajábamos"}, {"front": "tú trabajabas", "back": "vosotros trabajabais"}, {"front": "Ud. trabajaba", "back": "Uds. trabajaban"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 317, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are no irregular -ar verbs in the imperfect. Practice the pronunciation of the verb conjugations above. There are one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, and four-syllable verbs. Be sure to pronounce the imperfect in this way: yo traba ja ba, tú traba ja bas, él traba ja ba, nosotros traba já bamos, vosotros traba ja bais, ellos traba ja ban."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, drop the ending and add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the stem. The endings are the same for both -er and -ir verbs. The first- and third-person singular forms are identical."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0318-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer to do, to make", "yo hacía", "nosotros hacíamos", "tú hacías", "vosotros hacíais", "ella hacía", "ellas hacían", "querer to want", "yo quería", "nosotros queríamos", "tú querías", "vosotros queríais", "él quería", "ellos querían", "tener to have", "yo tenía", "nosotros teníamos", "tú tenías", "vosotros teníais", "Ud tenía", "Uds tenían", "poder to be able, can", "yo podía", "nosotros pedimos", "tú podías", "vosotros podíais", "Ud. podía Uds. podían", "saber to know, to know how", "yo sabía", "nosotros sabíamos", "tú sabías", "vosotros sabíais", "ella sabía", "ellas sabían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9111111111111111, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo hacía", "back": "nosotros hacíamos"}, {"front": "yo podía", "back": "nosotros podíamos"}, {"front": "tú hacías", "back": "vosotros hacíais"}, {"front": "tú podías", "back": "vosotros podíais"}, {"front": "yo quería", "back": "nosotros queríamos"}, {"front": "yo sabía", "back": "nosotros sabíamos"}, {"front": "tú querías", "back": "vosotros queríais"}, {"front": "tú sabías", "back": "vosotros sabíais"}, {"front": "él quería", "back": "ellos querían"}, {"front": "ella sabía", "back": "ellas sabían"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 318, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The third-person singular form of haber in the imperfect is había, meaning there was, there were, was there?, were there?"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0318-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir to say, to tell", "yo decía", "nosotros decíamos", "tú decías", "vosotros decíais", "&l decia", "ellos decian", "sentirse to feel (an emotion)", "me sentía", "nos sentíamos", "te sentías", "os sentíais", "Ud. se sentía", "Uds se sentían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo decía", "back": "nosotros decíamos"}, {"front": "me sentía", "back": "nos sentíamos"}, {"front": "tú decías", "back": "vosotros decíais"}, {"front": "te sentías", "back": "os sentíais"}, {"front": "&l decia", "back": "ellos decian"}, {"front": "Ud. se sentía", "back": "Uds se sentían"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 318, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo venía", "tú venías", "é venia", "nosotros vinimos", "vosotros veníais", "ellos venian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo venía", "back": "nosotros veníamos"}, {"front": "tú venías", "back": "vosotros veníais"}, {"front": "é venia", "back": "ellos venian"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir to go", "yo iba", "tú ibas", "él iba", "ver to see", "yo veía", "tú veías", "Ud veía", "nosotros íbamos", "vosotros ibais", "ellos iban", "nosotros veíamos", "vosotros veíais", "Uds veían", "ser to be", "yo era", "tú eras", "ella era", "nosotros éramos", "vosotros erais", "ellas eran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo iba", "back": "nosotros íbamos"}, {"front": "yo era", "back": "nosotros éramos"}, {"front": "tú ibas", "back": "vosotros ibais"}, {"front": "tú eras", "back": "vosotros erais"}, {"front": "él iba", "back": "ellos iban"}, {"front": "ella era", "back": "ellas eran"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The translation of ir in the imperfect is was going, were going."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iba a hablar.", "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "in carra", "I was going to speak.", "We were going to buy a car"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Yo iba a hablar.", "back": "I was going to speak."}, {"front": "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", "back": "We were going to buy a car"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the preterit is a completed action. The imperfect is often an action that was repeated in the past."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0319-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella llegó ayer.", "Ella llegaba a la cinco todos los", "días.", "La semana pasada, leí un buen", "libro.", "Antes, yo leía mucho.", "Beatriz vino a verme.", "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía", "a verme.", "She arrived yesterday.", "She arrived at five ơ'clock every", "day.", "Last week, I read a good book.", "Before, I used to read a lot.", "Beatriz came to see me.", "He told me that Beatriz was", "coming to see me."], "ocrConfidence": 0.86875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 319, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.", "I got up at six o'clock this morning", "Me levantaba tarde.", "I used to get up late.", "Fui a la tienda.", "I went to the store.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi a José.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw Joe.", "Fuimos a la playa hoy.", "We went to the beach today.", "Ibamos a la playa todos los", "We used to go the beach every", "veranos.", "summer.", "¿Qué me dijiste hace dos minutos?", "What did you tell me two minutes", "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro", "ago?", "ladró?", "What were you saying to me when", "the dog barked?", "Marta comió temprano esta", "Martha ate early this morning", "mañana.", "Marta siempre comía temprano.", "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta.", "Eduardo hizo su tarea.", "Eduardo siempre hacía su tarea", "los lunes.", "¿Qué compró Ud. ayer?", "¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando lo", "llamé?", "Caminamos al parque hoy.", "Caminábamos al parque todos", "los días.", "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde.", "Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", "Ella tuvo una operación anoche.", "Él no tenía tiempo para verla.", "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las", "ocho.", "Ella siempre dormía hasta tarde.", "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.", "No la conociamos bien", "Martha always ate early.", "My father paid the bill yesterday.", "My father always paid the bill.", "Edward did his homework.", "Edward always did his homework", "on Mondays.", "What did you buy yesterday?", "What were you buying when", "I called you?", "We walked to the park today.", "We used to walk to the park every", "day.", "We received a check this morning.", "We used to receive checks every", "week.", "She had an operation last night.", "He didn't have time to see her.", "Last night, she slept until eight", "ơ'clock.", "She always slept late.", "We met Sylvia in Colombia.", "We didt know her well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9193548387096774, "cardCount": 22, "cards": [{"front": "Me levantaba tarde.", "back": "Me levanté a las seis esta mañana."}, {"front": "I used to get up late.", "back": "I got up at six o'clock this morning"}, {"front": "veranos.", "back": "Fuimos a la playa hoy. Ibamos a la playa todos los"}, {"front": "summer.", "back": "We went to the beach today. We used to go the beach every"}, {"front": "ladró?", "back": "¿Qué me decías cuando el perro"}, {"front": "the dog barked?", "back": "What were you saying to me when"}, {"front": "Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.", "back": "Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta."}, {"front": "My father always paid the bill.", "back": "My father paid the bill yesterday."}, {"front": "los lunes.", "back": "Eduardo siempre hacía su tarea"}, {"front": "on Mondays.", "back": "Edward always did his homework"}, {"front": "llamé?", "back": "¿Qué compró Ud. ayer? ¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando lo"}, {"front": "I called you?", "back": "What were you buying when What did you buy yesterday?"}, {"front": "los días.", "back": "Caminábamos al parque todos"}, {"front": "day.", "back": "We used to walk to the park every"}, {"front": "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde. Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", "back": "week."}, {"front": "We used to receive checks every", "back": "We received a check this morning."}, {"front": "Él no tenía tiempo para verla.", "back": "Ella tuvo una operación anoche."}, {"front": "He didn't have time to see her.", "back": "She had an operation last night."}, {"front": "ocho.", "back": "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las"}, {"front": "ơ'clock.", "back": "Last night, she slept until eight"}, {"front": "No la conociamos bien", "back": "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia."}, {"front": "We didt know her well.", "back": "We met Sylvia in Colombia."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 320, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "17.4", "ansAnchor": "ch17ans4", "instruction": "Preterit or imperfect? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no ___________________ tú la comida ayer? (comprar)", "2. Anoche, yo ___________________ el vino a la fiesta. (traer)", "3. ___________________ mediodía y el niño ___________________ hambre. (ser/tener)", "4. ___________________ a llover y yo ___________________ la ventana. (empezar/cerrar)", "5. La muchacha ___________________ la calle cuando su mamá la ___________________. (cruzar/llamar)", "6. ¿Dónde ___________________ Uds. esta mañana precisamente a las nueve? (estar)", "7. Nosotros ___________________ en el parque cuando ___________________ el animal exótico. (andar/ver)", "8. El taxista nos ___________________ veinte dólares. ¿Cuánto te ___________________ a ti? (cobrar/cobrar)", "9. Nosotros les ___________________ cartas a nuestros parientes desde Bolivia, pero ellos no las ___________________. (escribir/recibir)", "10. Yo ___________________ por la calle equivocada cuando ___________________ que no ___________________ donde ___________________. (caminar/darse cuenta de/saber/estar)", "11. Me agrada su amigo. ¿Dónde lo ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)", "12. Pedro y sus amigos ___________________ todas las noches antes de acostarse. (divertirse)", "13. Melisa ___________________ al cine cada domingo durante su juventud. (ir)", "14. Los viajeros de Inglaterra ___________________ a mi casa la semana pasada y ___________________ conmigo hasta hoy. (llegar/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "17.4 1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba. 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "compraste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "traje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Era, tenía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cruzaba, llamó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuvieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "andábamos, vimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cobró, cobró", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "escribimos, recibieron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "se divertían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "iba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "llegaron, se quedaron", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. compraste 2. traje 3. Era, tenía 4. Empezó, cerré / Empezaba, cerraba 5. cruzaba, llamó 6. estuvieron 7. andábamos, vimos 8. cobró, cobró 9. escribimos, recibieron 10. caminaba, me di cuenta de, sabía, estaba. 11. conoció 12. se divertían 13. iba 14. llegaron, se quedaron"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Marianela por Benito Pérez Galdós"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pérez Galdós nació en las Islas Canarias y es mejor conocido por sus vistas de la sociedad española. Se murió en 1920 en Madrid."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Aquel día Pablo y Marianela salieron al campo. Con ellos iba Choto, su perro fiel. El día estaba hermoso. El aire era suave y fresco, y el sol calentaba sin quemar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“¿Adónde vamos hoy?” preguntó Pablo, que era ciego de nacimiento."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Adonde quiera Ud., señor,” contestó Marianela, que era su guía."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Marianela parecía crecer y adquirir nuevas fuerzas, cuando estaba al lado de su amo y amigo. Junto a él, se sentía llena de alegría. Al apartarse de él, sentía una profunda tristeza."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pablo participaba de los mismos sentimientos hacia Marianela. En cierta ocasión le había dicho Pablo a la joven: Antes yo creía que era de día cuando hablaba la gente; y que era de noche, cuando la gente callaba y cantaban los gallos. Ahora, no hago las mismas comparaciones. Es de día cuando estamos juntos tú y yo; es de noche, cuando nos separamos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de caminar un rato, llegaron a un lugar donde había muchas flores. Ambos se detuvieron. Pablo se sentó, y Marianela se puso a recoger flores para su amo. Los dos eran muy felices."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0322-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["adquirir", "apartarse", "calentar", "callar", "crecer", "detenerse", "había dicho", "ponerse (a)", "quemar", "recoger", "to acquire", "to separate", "to warm", "to quiet", "to grow", "to detain", "had said (past perfect tense,", "to begin to", "to burn", "to pick up"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9508196721311475, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "adquirir", "back": "to acquire"}, {"front": "apartarse", "back": "to separate"}, {"front": "calentar", "back": "to warm"}, {"front": "callar", "back": "to quiet"}, {"front": "crecer", "back": "to grow"}, {"front": "detenerse", "back": "to detain"}, {"front": "había dicho", "back": "had said (past perfect tense,"}, {"front": "ponerse (a)", "back": "to begin to"}, {"front": "quemar", "back": "to burn"}, {"front": "recoger", "back": "to pick up"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 322, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0322-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amo", "los gallos", "the boss", "the roosters"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9508196721311475, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "el amo", "back": "the boss"}, {"front": "los gallos", "back": "the roosters"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 322, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preposición"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacia", "touard"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9081632653061225, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "hacia", "back": "touard"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ciego", "fiel", "juntos", "blind", "faithful", "together"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9081632653061225, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "fiel", "back": "faithful"}, {"front": "juntos", "back": "together"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0323-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al + infinitive", "al apartarse", "upon (doing something)", "upon separating"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "al + infinitive", "back": "upon (doing something)"}, {"front": "al apartarse", "back": "upon separating"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 323, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you have read the selection, answer the following questions in Spanish."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Quiénes son los personajes en el cuento? ¿Quién los acompaña?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo se sienten juntos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cómo se sienten separados?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch18", "number": 18, "title": "The Present Progressive Tense", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the present progressive tense expresses action that is occurring at the moment, action that is in progress. It is equivalent to the English present progressive (The woman is singing, for example). This tense is used to express the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that is in progress"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that is occurring in the moment"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Emphasis for an action that is happening right now"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Indicative Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present indicative tense in Spanish expresses both the English simple present (I sing, I do sing) and the English present progressive (I am singing)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0324-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta una canción triste.", "She sings a sad song.", "She does sing a sad song.", "She is singing a sad song"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7741935483870968, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ella canta una canción triste.", "back": "She sings a sad song."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 324, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you don’t need to describe what is happening right now, use the simple present tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0324-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Toco el violín.", "Ella nada en el verano.", "Mis primos viven en México.", "Siempre nos divertimos los", "viernes.", "¿Por qué te ríes todo el tiempo?", "I play the violin.", "She swims in the summer.", "My cousins live in Mexico.", "We always have a good time on", "Fridays.", "Why do you laugh all the time!"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7916666666666666, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 324, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present progressive is a compound tense in Spanish, as it is in English. It is formed by conjugating estar in the present tense and adding the present participle of the main verb. The present participle, hereafter referred to as the gerund, is the -ing form of a verb in English. The tense is also called the present continuous."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Gerund Formation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund is formed by adding -ando or -iendo to the stem of the infinitive. In English, the gerund ends in -ing. Practice the following verb forms aloud."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of all -ar verbs, drop the ending and add -ando to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrazar", "adivinar", "alquilar", "arreglar", "arriesgar", "bajar", "comenzar", "entregar", "esperar", "fregar", "jugar", "mostrar", "pensar", "probar", "recordar", "sacar", "sonar", "temblar", "volar", "abrazando", "adivinando", "alquilando", "arreglando", "arriesgando", "bajando", "comenzando", "entregando", "esperando", "fregando", "jugando", "mostrando", "pensando", "probando", "recordando", "sacando", "soñando", "temblando", "volando", "embracing", "guessing", "renting", "arranging, repairing, fixing", "risking", "descending, going down", "beginning", "delivering, handing in", "waiting", "scrubbing, washing dishes", "playing", "showing", "thinking", "testing, proving", "remembering", "taking out, getting", "dreaming", "trembling", "flying"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 19, "cards": [{"front": "abrazar", "back": "abrazando / embracing"}, {"front": "adivinar", "back": "adivinando / guessing"}, {"front": "alquilar", "back": "alquilando / renting"}, {"front": "arreglar", "back": "arreglando / arranging, repairing, fixing"}, {"front": "arriesgar", "back": "arriesgando / risking"}, {"front": "bajar", "back": "bajando / descending, going down"}, {"front": "comenzar", "back": "comenzando / beginning"}, {"front": "entregar", "back": "entregando / delivering, handing in"}, {"front": "esperar", "back": "esperando / waiting"}, {"front": "fregar", "back": "fregando / scrubbing, washing dishes"}, {"front": "jugar", "back": "jugando / playing"}, {"front": "mostrar", "back": "mostrando / showing"}, {"front": "pensar", "back": "pensando / thinking"}, {"front": "probar", "back": "probando / testing, proving"}, {"front": "recordar", "back": "recordando / remembering"}, {"front": "sacar", "back": "sacando / taking out, getting"}, {"front": "sonar", "back": "soñando / dreaming"}, {"front": "temblar", "back": "temblando / trembling"}, {"front": "volar", "back": "volando / flying"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 325, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of most -er verbs, drop the ending and add -iendo to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber", "comer", "correr", "coser", "devolver", "hacer", "mover", "perder", "poner", "volver", "bebiendo", "comiendo", "corriendo", "cosiendo", "devolviendo", "haciendo", "moviendo", "perdiendo", "poniendo", "volviendo", "drinking", "eating", "running", "sewing", "returning (an object)", "doing, making", "moving (an object)", "losing", "putting", "returning"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the gerund of regular -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -iendo to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir", "compartir", "decidir", "escribir", "insistir", "recibir", "subir", "sufrir", "abriendo", "compartiendo", "decidiendo", "escribiendo", "insistiendo", "recibiendo", "subiendo", "sufriendo", "opening", "sharing", "deciding", "writing", "insisting", "receiving", "ascending, going up", "suffering"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "abrir", "back": "abriendo / opening"}, {"front": "compartir", "back": "compartiendo / sharing"}, {"front": "decidir", "back": "decidiendo / deciding"}, {"front": "escribir", "back": "escribiendo / writing"}, {"front": "insistir", "back": "insistiendo / insisting"}, {"front": "recibir", "back": "recibiendo / receiving"}, {"front": "subir", "back": "subiendo / ascending, going up"}, {"front": "sufrir", "back": "sufriendo / suffering"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Orthographic Changes in -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel form the gerund using -yendo instead of -iendo in order to avoid having three vowels in a row. These are not irregular forms; it is an orthographic change."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0326-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atraer", "caer", "creer", "atrayendo", "cayendo", "creyendo", "attracting", "falling", "believing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "atraer", "back": "atrayendo / attracting"}, {"front": "caer", "back": "cayendo / falling"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 326, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["leer", "poseer", "traer", "leyendo", "poseyendo", "trayendo", "reading", "possessing", "bringing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "leer", "back": "leyendo / reading"}, {"front": "poseer", "back": "poseyendo / possessing"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "contribuir", "destruir", "huir", "oír", "construyendo", "contribuyendo", "destruyendo", "huyendo", "oyendo", "constructing, building", "contributing", "destroying", "fleeing", "hearing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nearly all gerunds are formed regularly. The only verbs that show an irregularity in the gerund are the -ir stem-changing verbs in the present indicative tense. Learn these irregular gerunds now, and you’ll be able to form all the gerunds easily."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Forming the gerund of irregular -ir verbs with o > ue and o > u changes in the stem"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dormir", "morir", "Present Tense", "• > ue", "duermo", "muero", "Gerund", "• > u", "durmiendo", "muriendo", "English", "sleeping", "dying"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "dormir", "back": "duermo"}, {"front": "durmiendo", "back": "sleeping"}, {"front": "morir", "back": "muero"}, {"front": "muriendo", "back": "dying"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Forming the gerund of irregular -ir verbs with e > ie and e > i changes in the stem"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "advertir", "hervir", "mentir", "preferir", "referir", "sentir", "sugerir", "Present Tense", "e > ie", "advierto", "hiervo", "miento", "prefiero", "refiero", "siento", "sugiero", "Gerund", "e > i", "advirtiendo", "hirviendo", "mintiendo", "prefiriendo", "refiriendo", "sintiendo", "sugiriendo", "English", "warning", "boiling", "lying", "preferring", "referring", "regretting", "suggesting"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9534883720930233, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "Infinitive", "back": "e > ie"}, {"front": "e > i", "back": "English"}, {"front": "advertir", "back": "advierto"}, {"front": "advirtiendo", "back": "warning"}, {"front": "hervir", "back": "hiervo"}, {"front": "hirviendo", "back": "boiling"}, {"front": "mentir", "back": "miento"}, {"front": "mintiendo", "back": "lying"}, {"front": "preferir", "back": "prefiero"}, {"front": "prefiriendo", "back": "preferring"}, {"front": "referir", "back": "refiero"}, {"front": "refiriendo", "back": "referring"}, {"front": "sentir", "back": "siento"}, {"front": "sintiendo", "back": "regretting"}, {"front": "sugerir", "back": "sugiero"}, {"front": "sugiriendo", "back": "suggesting"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 327, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bendecir", "competir", "conseguir", "corregir", "decir", "elegir", "freír", "gemir", "medir", "pedir", "repetir", "seguir", "servir", "sonreír", "Present Tense", "e > i", "bendigo", "compito", "consigo", "corrijo", "digo", "elijo", "frío", "gimo", "mido", "pido", "repito", "sigo", "sirvo", "sonrío", "Gerund", "e > i", "bendiciendo", "compitiendo", "consiguiendo", "corrigiendo", "diciendo", "eligiendo", "friendo", "gimiendo", "midiendo", "pidiendo", "repitiendo", "siguiendo", "sirviendo", "sonriendo", "English", "blessing", "competing", "obtaining", "correcting", "saying, telling", "electing", "frying", "groaning", "measuring", "requesting", "repeating", "following", "serving", "smiling"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 30, "cards": [{"front": "Infinitive", "back": "e > i"}, {"front": "e > i", "back": "English"}, {"front": "bendecir", "back": "bendigo"}, {"front": "bendiciendo", "back": "blessing"}, {"front": "competir", "back": "compito"}, {"front": "compitiendo", "back": "competing"}, {"front": "conseguir", "back": "consigo"}, {"front": "consiguiendo", "back": "obtaining"}, {"front": "corregir", "back": "corrijo"}, {"front": "corrigiendo", "back": "correcting"}, {"front": "decir", "back": "digo"}, {"front": "diciendo", "back": "saying, telling"}, {"front": "elegir", "back": "elijo"}, {"front": "eligiendo", "back": "electing"}, {"front": "freír", "back": "frío"}, {"front": "friendo", "back": "frying"}, {"front": "gemir", "back": "gimo"}, {"front": "gimiendo", "back": "groaning"}, {"front": "medir", "back": "mido"}, {"front": "midiendo", "back": "measuring"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "pido"}, {"front": "pidiendo", "back": "requesting"}, {"front": "repetir", "back": "repito"}, {"front": "repitiendo", "back": "repeating"}, {"front": "seguir", "back": "sigo"}, {"front": "siguiendo", "back": "following"}, {"front": "servir", "back": "sirvo"}, {"front": "sirviendo", "back": "serving"}, {"front": "sonreír", "back": "sonrío"}, {"front": "sonriendo", "back": "smiling"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 328, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.1", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans1", "instruction": "Write the gerund of the following infinitives.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. hablar", "2. besar", "3. andar", "4. Viajar", "5. limpiar", "6. cenar", "7. sacar", "8. beber", "9. comer", "10. aprender", "11. agradecer", "12. escoger", "13. ver", "14. abrir", "15. asistir", "16. insistir", "17. permitir", "18. prohibir", "19. creer", "20. leer", "21. traer", "22. huir", "23. ofr", "24. servir", "25. pedir", "26. corregir", "27. repetir", "28. seguir", "30. morir", "31. decir"], "ocrLines": ["1. hablar", "2. besar", "3. andar", "4. Viajar", "5. limpiar", "6. cenar", "7. sacar", "8. beber", "9. comer", "10. aprender", "11. agradecer", "12. escoger", "13. ver", "14. abrir", "15. asistir", "16. insistir", "17. permitir", "18. prohibir", "19. creer", "20. leer", "21. traer", "22. huir", "23. ofr", "24. servir", "25. pedir", "26. corregir", "27. repetir", "28. seguir", "29 dormir", "30. morir", "31. decir", "32 hacer", "Infinitive", "advertir", "hervir", "mentir", "preferir", "referir", "sentir", "sugerir", "bendecir", "competir", "conseguir", "corregir", "decir", "elegir", "freír", "gemir", "medir", "pedir", "repetir", "00 Ш", "servir", "sonreír", "Present Tense", "e > ie", "advierto", "hiervo", "miento", "prefiero", "refiero", "siento", "sugiero", "e > i", "bendigo", "compito", "consigo", "corrijo", "digo", "elijo", "frio", "gimo", "mido", "pido", "repito", "120", "sirvo", "sonrío", "Gerund", "advirtiendo", "hirviendo", "mintiendo", "prefiriendo", "refiriendo", "sintiendo", "sugiriendo", "bendiciendo", "compitiendo", "consiguiendo", "corrigiendo", "diciendo", "eligiendo", "friendo", "gimiendo", "midiendo", "pidiendo", "repitiendo", "siguiendo", "sirviendo", "sonriendo", "Exercise 18.1", "Write the gerund of the following infinitives.", "English", "warning", "boiling", "lying", "preferring", "referring", "regretting", "suggesting", "blessing", "competing", "obtaining", "correcting", "saying, telling", "electing", "frying", "groaning", "measuring", "requesting", "repeating", "following", "serving", "smiling"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "besando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "andando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "viajando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "limpiando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "cenando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sacando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "bebiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "aprendiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "agradeciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "escogiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "viendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "abriendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "asistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "insistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "permitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "prohibiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "creyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "trayendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "huyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "oyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "sirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "pidiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "muriendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 31, "answer": "diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 32, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.1 1. hablando 2. besando 3. andando 4. viajando 5. limpiando 6. cenando 7. sacando 8. bebiendo 9. comiendo 10. aprendiendo 11. agradeciendo 12. escogiendo 13. viendo 14. abriendo 15. asistiendo 16. insistiendo 17. permitiendo 18. prohibiendo 19. creyendo 20. leyendo 21. trayendo 22. huyendo 23. oyendo 24. sirviendo 25. pidiendo 26. corrigiendo 27. repitiendo 28. siguiendo 29. durmiendo 30. muriendo 31. diciendo 32. haciendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "besando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "andando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "viajando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "limpiando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "cenando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sacando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "bebiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "aprendiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "agradeciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "escogiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "viendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "abriendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "asistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "insistiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "permitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "prohibiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "creyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "trayendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "huyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "oyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "sirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "pidiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "muriendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 31, "answer": "diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 32, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablando 2. besando 3. andando 4. viajando 5. limpiando 6. cenando 7. sacando 8. bebiendo 9. comiendo 10. aprendiendo 11. agradeciendo 12. escogiendo 13. viendo 14. abriendo 15. asistiendo 16. insistiendo 17. permitiendo 18. prohibiendo 19. creyendo 20. leyendo 21. trayendo 22. huyendo 23. oyendo 24. sirviendo 25. pidiendo 26. corrigiendo 27. repitiendo 28. siguiendo 29. durmiendo 30. muriendo 31. diciendo 32. haciendo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the present progressive tense, conjugate estar in the present tense and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-01a.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estoy hablando", "tú estás escuchando", "él está comiendo", "nosotros estamos bebiendo", "vosotros estáis cocinando", "ellos están durmiendo", "I am speaking", "you are listening", "he is eating", "we are drinking", "you are cooking", "they are sleeping"], "ocrConfidence": 0.75, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": null, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The action expressed by the present progressive tense must be action in progress."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are examples formed with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuál libro estás leyendo?", "El niño está jugando en su cuarto.", "Está lloviendo.", "Está nevando.", "Está lloviznando.", "¿Qué están Uds. haciendo?", "¿Qué están haciendo Uds.?", "Which book are you reading?", "The child is playing in his room", "It's raining.", "It's snowing.", "It's drizzling.", "What are you doing?", "What are you doing?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.939795902797154, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 329, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The subject pronoun Uds. appears in two different positions in the example sentences above. In the first example, it comes between the helping verb estar and the gerund. In the second example, Uds. follows the gerund. Both are correct."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative no comes directly before the conjugated form of estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0329-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No estamos hablando.", "No está lloviendo.", "No estoy mintiendo.", "We are not talking", "It is not raining", "I am not lying."], "ocrConfidence": 0.939795902797154, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "No estoy mintiendo.", "back": "I am not lying."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 329, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About English"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, the present progressive tense can be used to describe what is happening right now as well as what will happen in the future."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I am singing right now."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "I am singing next Friday."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the present progressive can never be used to describe a future action. For a future action, use ir 1 a 1 infinitive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0330-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy cantando en este momento.", "Voy a cantar el viernes que viene.", "1 am singing right now. (at this", "moment)", "I am going to sing next Friday."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Estoy cantando en este momento.", "back": "1 am singing right now. (at this"}, {"front": "Voy a cantar el viernes que viene.", "back": "I am going to sing next Friday."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 330, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.2", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present progressive tense. Be sure to conjugate estar correctly.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Miguel está cantando y su amiga está tocando el piano. (cantar/tocar)", "Reminder", "After a preposition, use the infinitive form of the verb, even though the translation in English might be the gerund -ing."], "prompts": ["1. Nuestro profesor ___________________ muchos exámenes. (corregir)", "2. Por fin, nosotros ___________________ buenas notas. (sacar)", "3. Me hace el favor de no hacer ruido, yo ___________________. (estudiar)", "4. Los adolescentes les dicen a sus padres, “no ___________________ nada.” (hacer)", "5. Los cocineros ___________________ la cena. (preparar)", "6. ¿Qué ___________________ tú? (decir)", "7. Está lloviendo pero no ___________________. (nevar)", "8. Ya es tarde y los niños ___________________. (dormir)", "9. Son las nueve de la noche y todavía los periodistas ___________________. (escribir)", "10. ¿Quiénes ___________________ por teléfono? (hablar)", "11. Tú ___________________ los huevos para el desayuno. (freír)", "12. Son las seis y media y la familia ___________________. (comer)"], "ocrLines": ["Antes de comer, ella se lava las", "manos.", "Después de cocinar, la familia", "disfruta la comida.", "Al entrar en la clase, los", "estudiantes se saludan.", "A veces, hablamos sin pensar.", "En vez de leer, preferimos jugar.", "A pesar de despertarme temprano,", "llegué tarde a la entrevista", "Before eating, she washes her", "hands.", "After cooking, the family enjoys", "the meal.", "Upon entering the class, the", "students greet each other.", "At times, we speak without", "thinking.", "Instead of reading, we prefer", "to play.", "In spite of waking up early,", "I arrived late to the interview.", "yo estoy hablando", "tú estás escuchando", "él está comiendo", "nosotros estamos bebiendo", "vosotros estáis cocinando", "ellos están durmiendo", "I am speaking", "you are listening", "he is eating", "we are drinking", "you are cooking", "they are sleeping", "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", "The action expressed by the present progressive tense must be action in", "progress.", "¿Cuál libro estás leyendo?", "El niño está jugando en su cuarto.", "Está lloviendo.", "Está nevando.", "Está lloviznando.", "¿Qué están Uds. haciendo?", "¿Qué están haciendo Uds.?", "Which book are you reading?", "The child is playing in his room.", "It's raining.", "It's snowing.", "It's drizzling", "What are you doing?", "NOTE The subject pronoun Uds. appears in two different positions in the", "example sentences above. In the first example, it comes between the", "helping verb estar and the gerund. In the second example, Uds. follows the", "gerund. Both are correct.", "No estamos hablando.", "We are not talking.", "No está Iloviendo.", "It is not raining.", "No estoy mintiendo.", "I am not lying"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estamos sacando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estoy estudiando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estamos haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están preparando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estás diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está nevando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "están escribiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "están hablando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estás friendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "está comiendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.2 1. está corrigiendo 2. estamos sacando 3. estoy estudiando 4. estamos haciendo 5. están preparando 6. estás diciendo 7. está nevando 8. están durmiendo 9. están escribiendo 10. están hablando 11. estás friendo 12. está comiendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está corrigiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estamos sacando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estoy estudiando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estamos haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están preparando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estás diciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está nevando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están durmiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "están escribiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "están hablando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estás friendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "está comiendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está corrigiendo 2. estamos sacando 3. estoy estudiando 4. estamos haciendo 5. están preparando 6. estás diciendo 7. está nevando 8. están durmiendo 9. están escribiendo 10. están hablando 11. estás friendo 12. está comiendo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.3", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the infinitive, present indicative, or present progressive of the appropriate verb. Select from the list of verbs below. Use each verb only once.", "extra": ["almorzar, conocer, devolver, graduarse, hacer, leer, querer, saber, salir, tener, tocar"], "prompts": ["1. En el avión, en el vuelo de África, parece que los pasajeros están ___________________ sus libros de turismo.", "2. ¿Quién ___________________ nadar?", "3. Olivia sigue ___________________ el violín aunque a su hermano no le gusta el sonido.", "4. Antes de ___________________ a los padres de su novio, Amalia se maquilla la cara.", "5. Después de ___________________ éxito en la escuela secundaria, el estudiante ___________________ ir a una universidad.", "6. Los trabajadores tienen hambre a las doce de la tarde; ___________________ juntos a las doce y media; ___________________ de la fábrica a las cinco de la tarde.", "7. Julia acaba de ___________________ sus libros a la biblioteca.", "8. El hombre tiene veintidós años. Después de ___________________ de la universidad, no sabe qué ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "tocando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conocer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "tener, quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "almuerzan, salen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "devolver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "graduarse, hacer", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.3 1. leyendo 2. sabe 3. tocando 4. conocer 5. tener, quiere 6. almuerzan, salen 7. devolver 8. graduarse, hacer", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "tocando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conocer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "tener, quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "almuerzan, salen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "devolver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "graduarse, hacer", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. leyendo 2. sabe 3. tocando 4. conocer 5. tener, quiere 6. almuerzan, salen 7. devolver 8. graduarse, hacer"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a review chart of pronouns: subject, direct object, indirect object, and reflexive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Subject", "Pronoun", "yo", "tú", "él", "ella", "Ud.", "nosotros", "vosotros", "ellos", "ellas", "Uds.", "Direct Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "la", "lo/la/le", "nos", "OS", "los", "las", "los/las/les", "Indirect Object", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "le", "le", "nos", "os", "les", "les", "les", "Reflexive", "Pronoun", "me", "te", "se", "se", "se", "nos", "OS", "se", "se", "se"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9714285714285714, "cardCount": 20, "cards": [{"front": "Subject", "back": "Direct Object"}, {"front": "Indirect Object", "back": "Reflexive"}, {"front": "Pronoun", "back": "Pronoun"}, {"front": "Pronoun", "back": "Pronoun"}, {"front": "yo", "back": "me"}, {"front": "me", "back": "me"}, {"front": "tú", "back": "te"}, {"front": "te", "back": "te"}, {"front": "ella", "back": "la"}, {"front": "le", "back": "se"}, {"front": "nosotros", "back": "nos"}, {"front": "nos", "back": "nos"}, {"front": "vosotros", "back": "OS"}, {"front": "os", "back": "OS"}, {"front": "ellos", "back": "los"}, {"front": "les", "back": "se"}, {"front": "ellas", "back": "las"}, {"front": "les", "back": "se"}, {"front": "Uds.", "back": "los/las/les"}, {"front": "les", "back": "se"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 332, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE In English, the direct object you can be expressed as la in Spanish if the direct object person is female, or lo if the direct object person is male. In many countries, le is used as the direct object pronoun instead of lo or la. Similarly, the direct object pronoun you in the plural Uds. form can be las, los, or les."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0332-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La ayudo.", "Lo ayudo.", "Le ayudo.", "I help you. (female)", "I help you. (male)", "I help you. (either male or female)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "La ayudo.", "back": "I help you. (female)"}, {"front": "Lo ayudo.", "back": "I help you. (male)"}, {"front": "Le ayudo.", "back": "I help you. (either male or female)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 332, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This use of le as direct object pronoun is called leísmo; le is borrowed from the indirect object pronoun."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronouns, direct object pronouns, and reflexive pronouns have two possible positions:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The object pronouns may be placed directly before the helping verb estar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The object pronouns may be attached to the gerund."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0333-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué me estás diciendo?", "¿Qué estás diciéndome?", "What are you saying to me:", "What are you saying to me:"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8333333333333334, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Qué me estás diciendo?", "back": "What are you saying to me:"}, {"front": "¿Qué estás diciéndome?", "back": "What are you saying to me:"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 333, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The written accent retains the correct pronunciation of the verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The placement of the object pronouns does not affect the meaning of the sentence. They can be placed in either position, and the meaning of the sentence is exactly the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0333-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo estoy trayéndote la comida.", "Te estoy trayendo la comida.", "Irene no está esperando el tren.", "No lo está esperando.", "Ella no está esperándolo.", "Estamos buscando los gatos", "de Olivia.", "Los estamos buscando.", "Estamos buscándolos.", "I am bringing the meal to you.", "I am bringing the meal to you.", "Irene is not waiting for the train", "She is not waiting for it.", "She is not waiting for it.", "We are looking for Olivia's cats.", "We are looking for them.", "We are looking for them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8529411764705882, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 333, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Order of Double Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An indirect object pronoun precedes a direct object pronoun when they occur together. The reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun when they occur together. The double object pronouns cannot be separated from one another."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a review chart of double object pronouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["me lo, me la", "me los, me las", "te lo, te la", "te los, te las", "se lo, se la", "se los, se las", "nos lo, nos la", "nos los, nos las", "os lo, os la", "os los, os las", "it to me", "them to me", "it to you", "them to you", "it to him, it to her, it to you, it to them", "them to him, them to her, them to you, them to them", "it to us", "them to us", "it to you", "them to you"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "me lo, me la", "back": "it to me"}, {"front": "me los, me las", "back": "them to me"}, {"front": "te lo, te la", "back": "it to you"}, {"front": "te los, te las", "back": "them to you"}, {"front": "se lo, se la", "back": "it to him, it to her, it to you, it to them"}, {"front": "se los, se las", "back": "them to him, them to her, them to you, them to them"}, {"front": "nos lo, nos la", "back": "it to us"}, {"front": "nos los, nos las", "back": "them to us"}, {"front": "os lo, os la", "back": "it to you"}, {"front": "os los, os las", "back": "them to you"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Se replaces le or les as the indirect object pronoun when a direct object pronoun follows."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por fin, la jefa tiene su sueldo.", "Ella está mandándoselo.", "Ella se lo está mandando.", "El papá les está leyendo un", "cuento a sus hijos.", "Él se lo está leyendo.", "Está leyéndoselo.", "At last, the boss has your pay.", "She is sending it to you.", "She is sending it to you.", "The father is reading a story to his", "children.", "He is reading it to them.", "He is reading it to them."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun when they occur together."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy lavándome las manos.", "Estoy lavándomelas.", "Me las estoy lavando.", "La mujer está peinándose", "el cabello rubio.", "Se lo está peinando.", "Está peinándoselo.", "I am washing my hands.", "I am washing them.", "I am washing them.", "The woman is combing her", "blond hair.", "She is combing it.", "She is combing it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "Estoy lavándome las manos.", "back": "I am washing my hands."}, {"front": "Estoy lavándomelas.", "back": "I am washing them."}, {"front": "Me las estoy lavando.", "back": "I am washing them."}, {"front": "La mujer está peinándose", "back": "The woman is combing her"}, {"front": "el cabello rubio.", "back": "blond hair."}, {"front": "Se lo está peinando.", "back": "She is combing it."}, {"front": "Está peinándoselo.", "back": "She is combing it."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 334, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.4", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present progressive form of the verb in parentheses. Remember to conjugate estar correctly.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué ___________________ la pregunta el maestro? (repetir)", "2. Los adolescentes no ___________________ las direcciones. (seguir)", "3. Nosotros ___________________ el libro. (leer)", "4. ¿Quiénes ___________________ tanto ruido? (hacer)", "5. Los amigos de Juan ___________________ en casa hoy. (almorzar)", "6. Yo ___________________ el agua para preparar la sopa. (hervir)", "7. El hombre ama a esta mujer. La ___________________ con su mirada. (seguir)", "8. Somos nosotros a quienes ellos ___________________. (esperar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "están siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "estamos leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "están haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "están almorzando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estoy hirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "está siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están esperando", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.4 1. está repitiendo 2. están siguiendo 3. estamos leyendo 4. están haciendo 5. están almorzando 6. estoy hirviendo 7. está siguiendo 8. están esperando", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está repitiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "están siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "estamos leyendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "están haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "están almorzando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estoy hirviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "está siguiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están esperando", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está repitiendo 2. están siguiendo 3. estamos leyendo 4. están haciendo 5. están almorzando 6. estoy hirviendo 7. está siguiendo 8. están esperando"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.5", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the present progressive tense.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Are the women talking to the men?", "2. What are you saying to me?", "3. Can you (Ud.) repeat the question? The students are not paying attention to you.", "4. We know that he is searching for an idea. He needs it to write a story.", "5. What is happening?", "6. The fantastic lawyer is dreaming about a trip to Italy."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Qué está pasando?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.5 1. ¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres? 2. ¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)? 3. ¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso. 4. Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento. 5. ¿Qué está pasando? 6. El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Qué está pasando?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Les están hablando las mujeres a los hombres? 2. ¿Qué me estás diciendo (tú)? / ¿Qué estás diciéndome? / ¿Qué me está diciendo (Ud.)? 3. ¿Puede Ud. repetir la pregunta? Los estudiantes no le está prestando atención. / Los estudiantes no está haciéndole caso. 4. Sabemos que él está buscando una idea. La necesita para escribir un cuento. 5. ¿Qué está pasando? 6. El abogado fantástico está soñando con un viaje a Italia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.6", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans6", "instruction": "Answer the following questions aloud, using the present progressive tense.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Quién está estudiando ahora mismo?", "2. ¿Por qué estás comiendo chocolate en el salón?", "3. ¿Qué está Ud. haciendo ahora mismo?", "4. ¿En qué estás pensando?", "5. ¿Qué está leyendo el profesor?", "6. ¿Quién está huyendo de la policía?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "18.6 Answers will vary.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0336-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["The gerund with seguir expresses to keep/continue (doing something)", "Los músicos siguen tocando", "The musicians keep playing the", "la música y seguimos", "music, and we keep listening", "escuchándola.", "to it.", "No hay música, pero la pareja", "There is no music, but the couple", "sigue bailando.", "keeps on dancing.", "•", "The gerund with ir expresses gradually, little by little.", "La estudiante va aprendiendo", "The student is gradually learning", "la lección.", "the lesson.", "El paciente va mejorándose.", "The patient is getting better little", "by little.", "Voy conociendo Madrid.", "I'm getting to know Madrid little", "by little.", "• The gerund with Ilevar expresses have been doing.", "Llevo un año estudiando", "I have been studying Spanish", "el español.", "for a year. (literally, I carry", "a year studying Spanish.)", "Mi amigo lleva dos años viviendo", "aquí.", "My friend has been living here", "for two years."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Los músicos siguen tocando", "back": "The gerund with seguir expresses to keep/continue (doing something)"}, {"front": "La estudiante va aprendiendo", "back": "The gerund with ir expresses gradually, little by little."}, {"front": "la lección.", "back": "The student is gradually learning"}, {"front": "El paciente va mejorándose.", "back": "the lesson."}, {"front": "Mi amigo lleva dos años viviendo", "back": "My friend has been living here"}, {"front": "aquí.", "back": "for two years."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 336, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "After you become accustomed to using the present progressive, you will find that the gerund can sometimes be used without a helping verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Puedo pasar el día mirando", "a la gente.", "Los ladrones salieron corriendo.", "I can pass the day looking at the", "people.", "The thieves left running."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Puedo pasar el día mirando", "back": "I can pass the day looking at the"}, {"front": "a la gente.", "back": "people."}, {"front": "Los ladrones salieron corriendo.", "back": "The thieves left running."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Either the gerund or the infinitive can be used after ver, mirar, escuchar, and oír. The meaning is the same."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Veo a los niños jugando.", "Veo a los niños jugar.", "Escuchamos al hombre cantar.", "Lo escuchamos cantando.", "Él vio a María pasar por su casa.", "La vio pasando.", "Susana oyó los loros hablar.", "Ella los oyó hablando.", "I see the children playing. /", "I see the children play.", "I see the children playing. /", "I see the children play.", "We listen to the man sing. /", "We listen to the man singing", "We listen to him sing. /", "We listen to him singing.", "He saw María passing by his", "house.", "He saw her pass by.", "Susan heard the parrots speak.", "She heard them speaking."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs not generally used in the gerund form are ser, estar, poder, querer, saber, tener, ir, and venir. These verbs use the present indicative instead of the present progressive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0337-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. acompañarla?", "Los nietos de Victoria quieren", "visitar a su abuela.", "Arturo tiene una fiesta cada año", "para su hijo.", "Susana va a la manifestación.", "Mucho ruido viene de arriba.", "Can you acompany her?", "Victorias grandchildren want", "to visit their grandmother.", "Arthur has a party every year", "for his son.", "Susan is going to the", "demonstration.", "A lot of noise is coming from", "ahore"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9625, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 337, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES Poder is the only -er verb with an irregularity in the stem of the gerund: pudiendo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund of ir is yendo."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.7", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of either the present indicative or the present progressive of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El esposo de Elizabeth no ___________________ celebrar el día del amor y de la amistad. (querer)", "2. ¿Por qué no ___________________ toda la familia a mi fiesta? (venir)", "3. Sócrates ___________________ que no ___________________ nada que valga la pena saber. (saber/saber)", "4. Favor de no interrumpirme ahora mismo, yo ___________________. (pensar)", "5. Nosotros ___________________ hablar bien si practicamos. (poder)", "6. ¿Por qué lo sigues ___________________? (llamar)", "7. La muchacha triste nunca ___________________. (sonreír)", "8. Los deportistas ___________________ al tenis todos los veranos. (jugar)", "9. Los detectives están contentos ahora porque el criminal ___________________ su crimen. (confesar)", "10. A Paulina y a su amiga no les gusta ___________________ temprano. (despertarse)", "11. Las niñas ___________________ a su primera fiesta mañana. (ir)", "12. La estudiante lleva una hora ___________________ este ejercicio. (hacer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sabe, sabe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estoy pensando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "podemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llamando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "sonríe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "está confesando", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "despertarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.7 1. quiere 2. viene 3. sabe, sabe 4. estoy pensando 5. podemos 6. llamando 7. sonríe 8. juegan 9. está confesando 10. despertarse 11. van 12. haciendo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sabe, sabe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estoy pensando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "podemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llamando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "sonríe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "juegan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "está confesando", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "despertarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "haciendo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quiere 2. viene 3. sabe, sabe 4. estoy pensando 5. podemos 6. llamando 7. sonríe 8. juegan 9. está confesando 10. despertarse 11. van 12. haciendo"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.8", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Vamos a la casa de María porque ella está preparando arroz con pollo.", "2. El mesero nos está sirviendo nuestra comida.", "3. Las niñeras están cuidando a muchos niños en el parque.", "4. Son las ocho de la noche y ya es tarde, pero el hombre sigue leyendo su libro favorito. Sigue leyéndolo hasta las once.", "5. La muchacha está nadando en la piscina porque sus padres piensan que es peligroso nadar en el océano.", "6. Los niños están poniendo los platos en el horno. Los están poniendo en el horno para molestar a sus padres.", "7. ¿Por qué le están Uds. mintiendo?", "8. ¿Quién está riéndose?", "9. El elefante lleva cinco años viviendo en el zoológico.", "10. Seguimos aprendiendo el español."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The waiter is serving us our meal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Why are you lying to her/him?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Who is laughing?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "We keep learning Spanish", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.8 1. We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice. 2. The waiter is serving us our meal. 3. The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park. 4. It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock. 5. The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean. 6. The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents. 7. Why are you lying to her/him? 8. Who is laughing? 9. The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years. 10. We keep learning Spanish.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The waiter is serving us our meal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Why are you lying to her/him?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Who is laughing?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "We keep learning Spanish", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. We are going to María’s house because she is preparing chicken with rice. 2. The waiter is serving us our meal. 3. The nannies are taking care of a lot of children in the park. 4. It is 8 o’clock at night and it is already late, but the man keeps reading his favorite book. He keeps reading it until 11 o’clock. 5. The girl is swimming in the pool, because her parents think that it is dangerous to swim in the ocean. 6. The children are putting the plates in the oven. They are putting them in the oven to annoy their parents. 7. Why are you lying to her/him? 8. Who is laughing? 9. The elephant has been living in the zoo for five years. 10. We keep learning Spanish."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "18.9", "ansAnchor": "ch18ans9", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Why are the people crying?", "2. It is raining.", "3. Are you watching television now?", "4. Why are the girls laughing?", "5. It is our turn. We are using the computers now.", "6. Teresa is waiting for the train, but she is losing patience.", "7. What are you thinking about?", "8. We are trying to fall asleep."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Por qué está llorando la gente?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Está lloviendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Estamos tratando de dormirnos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "18.9 1. ¿Por qué está llorando la gente? 2. Está lloviendo. 3. ¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora? 4. ¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas? 5. Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora. 6. Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia. 7. ¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando? 8. Estamos tratando de dormirnos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Por qué está llorando la gente?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Está lloviendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Estamos tratando de dormirnos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Por qué está llorando la gente? 2. Está lloviendo. 3. ¿Estás mirando televisión ahora? / ¿Está (Ud.) mirando televisión ahora? 4. ¿Por qué están riéndose las muchachas? / ¿Por qué se están riendo las muchachas? 5. Nos toca a nosotros. Estamos usando las computadoras ahora. 6. Teresa está esperando el tren, pero está perdiendo paciencia. 7. ¿En qué estás pensando? / ¿En qué está pensando? 8. Estamos tratando de dormirnos."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La parada del bus"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La mujer se llama Lorena. No es ni joven, ni vieja, ni delgada, ni gorda. Tiene la cara pálida, con ojos marrones y pelo oscuro. No se maquilla mucho pero se nota que le gusta llevar un poco de colorete. Se ve que es conservadora por su vestimenta: su falda que cubre las piernas y la blusa con mangas largas aunque es verano."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ella llega siempre a la parada del bus, esperando a su esposo. Se puede pasar por la banca y verla allí sentada, hora tras hora, escribiendo en su cuaderno y dibujando el rostro de su esposo amado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Una mañana de mucho calor, un hombre se sienta cerca de ella y conversa un poco."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Él se llama Roberto; parece ser un buen hombre. Hablan de sus dibujos y como pasa ella el día. Él se entera que ella está separada de su esposo desde hace cinco años, pero siendo católicos los dos, son todavía casados. Roberto, soltero, pasa los días trabajando en computadoras, y sus noches jugando al ajedrez en un club con otros fanáticos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de veinte minutos, otro bus viene, y el hombre, un poco triste ahora de dejarla, sube al bus y se va. Ella lo sigue con los ojos con una mirada llena de soledad. La gente sube al bus; otros se bajan y se van para la casa. Lorena se queda tranquilamente, extrañando a su esposo, esperando que venga en el próximo bus."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["enterarse", "estar sentado", "irse", "maquillarse", "se nota", "se ve", "to become aware", "to be seated", "to go (compared with ir, irse expresses more", "immediacy)", "to put makeup on", "one notices", "one sees"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ajedrez.", "el colorete", "el fanático", "chess", "the lipstick", "the fan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "el fanático", "back": "the fan"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0341-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aunque", "hora tras hora", "although", "hour after hour"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9886363636363636, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "hora tras hora", "back": "hour after hour"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 341, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Qué estación es?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es el clima?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué hace Lorena cada día?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Está casada la mujer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Está casado Roberto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Está Roberto interesado en Lorena? ¿Está ella interesada en él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. ¿Piensa Ud. que Roberto va a volver?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Piensa Ud. que Lorena va a seguir esperando?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch19", "number": 19, "title": "The Past Progressive Tenses", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are two progressive tenses in the past: the imperfect progressive and the preterit progressive. Both express a past action or actions that were occurring, actions that were in progress. They are equivalent to the English past progressive: The people were running, for example. These tenses are used to intensify the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that was in progress in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An event that was happening in the past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you do not want to intensify an action that was in progress in the past, use the simple imperfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0342-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hombre trabajaba mucho.", "La mujer cocinaba su cena.", "Los niños se reían.", "Toda la familia se divertía.", "The man was working a lot.", "The woman was cooking her", "supper.", "The children were laughing.", "The whole family was having", "a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 342, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect progressive is a compound tense in Spanish, as it is in English. It is formed by conjugating estar in the imperfect and adding the gerund of the main verb. The tense is also called the imperfect continuous."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaba jugando", "tú estabas bebiendo", "él estaba pintando", "nosotros estábamos corriendo", "vosotros estabais sonriendo", "ellos estaban cenando", "I was playing", "you were drinking", "he was painting", "we were running", "you were smiling", "they were dining"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The action expressed by the imperfect progressive tense must be an action that was in progress in the past."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are examples formed with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El estudiante estaba durmiendo", "cuando el maestro empezó", "la clase.", "Yo estaba atravesando la calle", "cuando vi venir el carro.", "El portero nos estaba ayudando", "con la maleta.", "El gerente estaba mostrándoles", "la habitación.", "Estábamos bailando cuando se", "apagaron las luces.", "The student was sleeping when", "the teacher began the class.", "I was crossing the street when", "I sau the car coming.", "The doorman was helping us", "with the suitcase.", "The manager was showing them", "the room.", "We were dancing when the lights", "went out."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verbs seguir, ir, and venir can also be conjugated in the imperfect and used with the gerund to form the imperfect progressive tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0343-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muchacha iba aprendiendo", "la lección.", "Ellas venían hacia nosotros", "bailando y hablando.", "Los perros seguían ladrando", "en la calle", "The girl was learning the lesson", "little by little.", "They were coming toward us", "dancing and talking.", "The dogs continued barking in", "the street."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "La muchacha iba aprendiendo", "back": "The girl was learning the lesson"}, {"front": "la lección.", "back": "little by little."}, {"front": "Ellas venían hacia nosotros", "back": "They were coming toward us"}, {"front": "bailando y hablando.", "back": "dancing and talking."}, {"front": "Los perros seguían ladrando", "back": "The dogs continued barking in"}, {"front": "en la calle", "back": "the street."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 343, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs not generally used in the gerund form in the past progressive are ser, estar, poder, querer, saber, tener, ir, and venir. These verbs use the simple imperfect instead of the imperfect progressive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0344-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hubo un tiempo cuando", "podíamos viajar mucho.", "Ella quería ir a España", "a estudiar.", "Sócrates dijo que no sabía lo", "que no sabía.", "Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi", "a mi amigo.", "Mis primos me dijeron que", "venían a verme, pero no", "llegaron.", "There was a time when we were", "able to travel a lot.", "She wanted to go to Spain", "to study.", "Socrates said that he did not knou", "what he did not know.", "I was going to the store when", "I saw my friend.", "My cousins told me that they were", "coming to see me, but they", "didn't arrive."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 344, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.1", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the imperfect progressive tense.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I was cleaning the house.", "2. Rosa continued eating.", "3. Pablo was selling medicine to his friends.", "4. We were learning to dance.", "5. Why was she lying to me?", "6. What were you (Ud.) doing?", "7. Who was sleeping on the train?", "8. Everyone was leaving for the exits.", "9. The boys and girls were throwing the ball.", "10. The politicians were beginning their campaign."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo estaba limpiando la casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Rosa seguía comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.1 1. Yo estaba limpiando la casa. 2. Rosa seguía comiendo. 3. Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos. 4. Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar. 5. ¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome? 6. ¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.? 7. ¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren? 8. Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas. 9. Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota. 10. Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo estaba limpiando la casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Rosa seguía comiendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo estaba limpiando la casa. 2. Rosa seguía comiendo. 3. Pablo les estaba vendiendo medicina a sus amigos. 4. Estábamos aprendiendo a bailar. 5. ¿Por qué me estaba mintiendo ella? / ¿Por qué estaba mintiéndome? 6. ¿Qué estaba Ud. haciendo? / ¿Qué estaba haciendo Ud.? 7. ¿Quién estaba durmiendo en el tren? 8. Todo el mundo estaba saliendo para las salidas. 9. Los muchachos y las muchachas estaban tirando la pelota. 10. Los políticos estaban empezando su campaña electoral."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Formation of the Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The preterit progressive also emphasizes action that was taking place in the past. It is formed with the preterit of the verb estar followed by the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0345-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estuve contestando", "tú estuviste gritando", "ella estuvo bailando", "nosotros estuvimos charlando", "vosotros estuvisteis leyendo", "ellas estuvieron explorando", "I was answering", "you were yelling", "she was dancing", "we were chatting", "you were reading", "they were exploring"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 345, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Preterit Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Unlike the imperfect progressive, the preterit progressive tense expresses an action completed in the past. The name of the tense might seem like a contradiction in terms, but the action, although in a progressive form, is definitely over."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0345-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ayer, en clase de ciencias,", "el estudiante estuvo", "escuchando atentamente al", "profesor hasta que terminó", "la clase.", "Estuvimos riéndonos a carcajadas", "hasta que salimos del teatro.", "Anoche, Sofía, una gran pianista,", "estuvo practicando hasta que", "su novio la llamó.", "Yesterday, in science class, the", "student was listening attentively", "to the professor until the class", "ended. (The phrase hasta que", "terminó la clase can also be", "translated as until he ended the", "class.)", "We were laughing our heads off", "until we left the theater.", "Last night, Sofia, a great pianist,", "was practicing until her", "boyfriend called her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 345, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The gerund is also used with seguir, venir, and ir to form the preterit progressive tense."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0346-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La abuela fue poniéndose vieja.", "A Guillermo le gusta leer;", "después de apagar la televisión,", "siguió leyendo.", "Pedro vino corriendo a la", "escuela y llegó a tiempo.", "The grandmother was getting", "older little by little.", "William likes to read;", "after turning off the television", "he continued reading.", "Peter came running to school", "and arrived on time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9878048780487805, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "La abuela fue poniéndose vieja.", "back": "A Guillermo le gusta leer;"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 346, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.2", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Nos divertíamos hasta que la obra empezó.", "2. ¿Querían Uds. darles de comer a los pájaros en el parque?", "3. Sabíamos que íbamos a tener éxito.", "4. Las mujeres estuvieron celebrando su jubilación hasta las once de la noche.", "5. Fui conociendo México.", "6. Nuestro profesor estuvo enseñando por una hora ayer.", "7. Estábamos trabajando cuando nuestros amigos llegaron.", "8. ¿De qué estabas hablando?", "9. Ella no me estuvo escuchando.", "10. El camarero no nos estaba sirviendo la comida.", "11. Los maestros estuvieron repitiendo las instrucciones hasta que entendimos.", "12. ¿Por qué los estabas buscando por tanto tiempo cuando sabías que tus amigos estaban escondiéndose?", "13. Estuvimos bailando anoche hasta medianoche.", "14. Nadie estaba andando por aquí."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "We were having a good time until the play began", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Did you want to feed the birds in the park?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We knew that we were going to be successful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We were working when our friends arrived", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "What were you talking about?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "She wasn’t listening to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "We were dancing last night until midnight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Nobody was walking around here", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.2 1. We were having a good time until the play began. 2. Did you want to feed the birds in the park? 3. We knew that we were going to be successful. 4. The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night. 5. I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little. 6. Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday. 7. We were working when our friends arrived. 8. What were you talking about? 9. She wasn’t listening to me. 10. The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal. 11. The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood. 12. Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding? 13. We were dancing last night until midnight. 14. Nobody was walking around here.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "We were having a good time until the play began", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Did you want to feed the birds in the park?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We knew that we were going to be successful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We were working when our friends arrived", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "What were you talking about?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "She wasn’t listening to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "We were dancing last night until midnight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Nobody was walking around here", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. We were having a good time until the play began. 2. Did you want to feed the birds in the park? 3. We knew that we were going to be successful. 4. The women were celebrating their retirement until 11 o’clock at night. 5. I was getting acquainted with Mexico, little by little. 6. Our professor was teaching for an hour yesterday. 7. We were working when our friends arrived. 8. What were you talking about? 9. She wasn’t listening to me. 10. The waiter wasn’t serving us the meal. 11. The teachers were repeating the instructions until we understood. 12. Why were you looking for them for so long when you knew that your friends were hiding? 13. We were dancing last night until midnight. 14. Nobody was walking around here."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.3", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans3", "instruction": "Review (Preterit tense) Complete the following sentences with the correct preterit form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mi amigo no me esperó. (esperar)"], "prompts": ["1. Mis amigos me ___________________ por una hora. (esperar)", "2. Ella no le ___________________ nada. (decir)", "3. ¿Por qué no les ___________________ Uds. flores? (traer)", "4. Las hojas ___________________ de los árboles. (caerse)", "5. Yo nunca les ___________________ dinero. (dar)", "6. Octavio no ___________________ dormir anoche. (poder)", "7. Nosotros no ___________________ al cine el sábado. (ir)", "8. Me ___________________ mucho la comida. (gustar)", "9. Yo sé que tú me ___________________ en el restaurante. (ver)", "10. Ella es amable. ¿Dónde la ___________________ Ud.? (conocer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "esperaron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se cayeron", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pudo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "viste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.3 1. esperaron 2. dijo 3. trajeron 4. se cayeron 5. di 6. pudo 7. fuimos 8. gustó 9. viste 10. conoció", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "esperaron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "dijo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trajeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se cayeron", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pudo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "fuimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "gustó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "viste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "conoció", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. esperaron 2. dijo 3. trajeron 4. se cayeron 5. di 6. pudo 7. fuimos 8. gustó 9. viste 10. conoció"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.4", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans4", "instruction": "Review (Imperfect tense) Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE ¿Dónde estabas cuando la maestra entró? (estar)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué hora ___________________ cuando la película empezó? (ser)", "2. ¿Cuántos años ___________________ los gemelos cuando se graduaron? (tener)", "3. La doctora no ___________________ ver a más pacientes. (querer)", "4. Yo siempre ___________________ para los exámenes. (estudiar)", "5. En su juventud, Patricio ___________________ al tenis. (jugar)", "6. Antes de la época de la computadora, la gente ___________________ cartas. (escribir)", "7. Ella nunca ___________________ contenta. Siempre ___________________. (estar/quejarse)", "8. El hombre viejo ___________________ los dientes en un vaso de agua todas las noches antes de dormirse. (poner)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tenían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "quería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudiaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "jugaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "escribía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estaba, se quejaba", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "ponía", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.4 1. era 2. tenían 3. quería 4. estudiaba 5. jugaba 6. escribía 7. estaba, se quejaba 8. ponía", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "era", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tenían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "quería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudiaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "jugaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "escribía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estaba, se quejaba", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "ponía", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. era 2. tenían 3. quería 4. estudiaba 5. jugaba 6. escribía 7. estaba, se quejaba 8. ponía"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.5", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans5", "instruction": "Review (Indirect object pronouns) Complete the following sentences with the correct indirect object pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________ traigo flores. (to you)", "2. Susana ___________________ presta dinero. (to them)", "3. ¿Por qué ___________________ hablas en voz alta? (to her)", "4. ¿Qué ___________________ estás diciendo? (to me)", "5. Nosotros no ___________________ estamos escribiendo ahora. (to you).", "6. ¿Por qué ___________________ cobra Ud. tanto? (to us)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "le/les/te", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te/le/les", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.5 1. le/les/te 2. les 3. le 4. me 5. te/le/les 6. nos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "le/les/te", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "le", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te/le/les", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. le/les/te 2. les 3. le 4. me 5. te/le/les 6. nos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.6", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans6", "instruction": "Review (Direct object pronouns) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Julia busca a su hermana. Ella está buscándola.", "2. Cuidamos a los bebés. Los cuidamos.", "3. Los dos hermanos ayudan a su familia. La familia aprecia su ayuda.", "4. El jardinero mira los pájaros. Los mira volar.", "5. Los estudiantes saludan a su maestra. La saludan todos los días.", "6. ¿Por qué me llamas hoy? ¿Por qué me estás llamando a casa?", "7. Manuel visita a la mujer en Perú. Él quiere casarse con ella en la primavera.", "8. Todos los turistas esperan el tren. No les molesta esperarlo porque hace fresco."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We take care of the babies. We take care of them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.6 1. Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her. 2. We take care of the babies. We take care of them. 3. The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help. 4. The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly. 5. The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day. 6. Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home? 7. Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring. 8. All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We take care of the babies. We take care of them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Julia looks for her sister. She is looking for her. 2. We take care of the babies. We take care of them. 3. The two brothers/siblings help their family. The family appreciates their help. 4. The gardener looks at the birds. He looks at them fly. 5. The students greet their teacher. They greet her every day. 6. Why are you calling me today? Why are you calling me at home? 7. Manuel visits the woman in Peru. He wants to marry her in the spring. 8. All the tourists are waiting for the train. It doesn’t bother them to wait for it because it is cool out."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.7", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans7", "instruction": "Review (Double object pronouns) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Te lo juro.", "2. Me pongo los guantes. Me los pongo.", "3. La mujer indígena no nos vende agua; ella nos la da.", "4. Me gustan los mariscos en este restaurante. El camarero me los sirve con gusto.", "5. Ana les trae el postre a sus amigas. Ella se lo trae."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I swear it to you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I put on my gloves. I put them on", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.7 1. I swear it to you. 2. I put on my gloves. I put them on. 3. The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us. 4. I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure. 5. Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I swear it to you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I put on my gloves. I put them on", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I swear it to you. 2. I put on my gloves. I put them on. 3. The indigenous woman doesn’t sell water to us; she gives it to us. 4. I like the shellfish in this restaurant. The waiter serves them to me with pleasure. 5. Ana brings dessert to her friends. She brings it to them."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.8", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans8", "instruction": "Review (Indirect object pronouns, direct object pronouns, the present tense, the present progressive tense) Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Do you tell the truth to your friends? We tell it to you.", "2. I always write letters to him. I am writing them to him now.", "3. Irene gives gifts to her son every Christmas. This year she is going to give them to him on his birthday.", "4. We show the new shoestore to my friend. She looks at the high heels, but she doesn’t buy them for us.", "5. Sometimes people don’t understand what we say. Sometimes we have to explain it to them.", "6. Enrique reads a story to his children every night at eight o’clock. He is reading it to them now."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.8 1. ¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos. 2. Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora. 3. Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños. 4. Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra. 5. A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo. 6. Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Les dice la verdad a sus amigos? Se la decimos. / ¿Les dices la verdad a tus amigos? Te la decimos. 2. Siempre le escribo cartas. Se las estoy escribiendo ahora. / Siempre le escribo cartas. Estoy escribiéndoselas ahora. 3. Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, va a dárselos el día de su cumpleaños. / Irene le da regalos a su hijo cada Navidad. Este año, se los va a dar el día de su cumpleaños. 4. Le mostramos la nueva zapatería a mi amiga. Ella mira los tacones, pero no nos los compra. 5. A veces, la gente no entiende lo que decimos. A veces tenemos que explicárselo. 6. Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Se lo está leyendo ahora. / Enrique les lee un cuento a sus hijos cada noche a las ocho. Está leyéndoselo ahora."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "19.9", "ansAnchor": "ch19ans9", "instruction": "Review (Double object pronouns, se and the indirect object, the preterit tense) Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Miguel no pudo entrar en su casa porque se le perdieron las llaves.", "2. Se me cayó la cuchara y me puse brava.", "3. ¡Cuidado! Se les van a caer los vasos. Ya se nos rompieron dos.", "4. No se me ocurrió trabajar ayer.", "5. No pudiste preparar la sopa de ajo anoche. Se te acabó el ajo.", "6. Se me olvidó hacer mi tarea."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The spoon fell and I got angry", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "19.9 1. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 2. The spoon fell and I got angry. 3. Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already. 4. It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday. 5. You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic. 6. I forgot to do my homework.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The spoon fell and I got angry", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I forgot to do my homework", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Michael couldn’t enter his house because he lost his keys. 2. The spoon fell and I got angry. 3. Careful! The glasses are going to fall. We broke two already. 4. It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday. 5. You couldn’t prepare the garlic soup last night. You ran out of garlic. 6. I forgot to do my homework."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El hospital"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La pobre mamá iba caminando para no mostrarle a su hijo que estaba preocupada. Ella sabía que no era ni catarro, ni gripe, ni pulmonía. Ella sabía que era algo grave. De repente, empezó a correr hacia un taxi para llevárselos a un hospital."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hacía dos días que su hijo estaba quejándose de un dolor de estómago, un dolor que no lo dejaba dormir. ¿Qué tiene el hijo? Viviendo sola, Silvia no tenía nadie con quien hablar a la medianoche. El taxista los dejó en la entrada del hospital. Ella le pagó y le dio una buena propina. Estuvieron esperando solamente cinco minutos cuando los médicos llegaron. Examinaron al niño que estaba llorando. La mamá, llorando también, trató de ser valiente ante su hijo, pero no pudo. Después de un rato, que le pareció una eternidad, los médicos le ofrecieron dos opciones: operar o no. La mamá, sin duda, optó por la operación y firmó el documento de consentimiento. El niño siguió sollozando."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Pero mamá,” le dijo el niño, “no quiero que me operen.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Yo lo sé, hijo mío, pero es necesario y vas a estar muy bien y sin dolor después. Los doctores me dijeron que es apendicitis.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Con esta última conversación, los médicos lo pusieron en la camilla de operación y ellos desaparecieron en el largo corredor del hospital. La madre se retiró a la sala de espera, sintiéndose muy desolada en su soledad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ella estaba allá, pensando en su hijo, cuando vinieron los doctores con las noticias."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Todo salió bien,” le dijeron, “su hijo está recuperándose en su cuarto y pronto va a estar riéndose y jugando otra vez.” La mamá aliviada les agradeció profundamente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y dentro de poco, ella y su hijo salieron charlando, ella con la mano preciosa de su hijo en la suya. Abrazándose, entraron en la casa."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0352-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "agradecer", "desparecerse", "recuperarse", "retirarse", "sollozar", "Expresiones con Verbos", "dejar + infinitive", "llevárselo", "tratar de + infinitive", "Nombres", "la camilla", "el catarro", "la gripe", "la pulmonía", "Adjetivos", "aliviado", "desolado", "Pronombres", "la suya", "hijo mío", "to thank", "› disappea", "› recuperat", "to retire", "to sob", "to let (do something)", "to cart, stmeone t something away", "the stretcher", "the cold", "the flu", "pneumonia", "relieved", "desolate", "hers (refers to her hand)", "son of mine (gives more emphasis than", "mi hijo (my son))"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 352, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0353-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Expresión", "de repente", "suddenly"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "de repente", "back": "suddenly"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 353, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué fueron al hospital a la medianoche?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Está Ud. de acuerdo con la primera decisión de la madre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué tiene el hijo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuidaron bien los médicos al hijo y a la madre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Cómo se sienten la madre y su hijo al final del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch20", "number": 20, "title": "The Present Subjunctive", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive is a mood in the present tense, widely used in Spanish. The present subjunctive cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The subjunctive is often needed after the following elements:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs form the present subjunctive from the first-person singular yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o to get the stem for the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative are irregular in the present subjunctive in the same way."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs that do not form the present subjunctive from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -ar verbs in the present subjunctive, start with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add - e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bailar", "cantar", "cerrar", "pensar", "recordar", "yo Form", "bailo", "canto", "cierro", "pienso", "recuerdo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo baile", "nosotros bailemos", "tú bailes", "vosotros bailéis", "ella baile", "ellas bailen", "yo cante", "nosotros cantemos", "tú cantes", "vosotros cantéis", "él cante", "ellos canten", "yo cierre", "nosotros cerremos", "tú cierres", "vosotros cerréis", "Ud. cierre", "Uds. cierren", "yo piense", "nosotros pensemos", "tú pienses", "vosotros penséis", "ella piense", "ellas piensen", "yo recuerde", "nosotros recordemos", "tú recuerdes", "vosotros recordéis", "él recuerde", "ellos recuerden"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "bailar", "back": "bailo"}, {"front": "yo baile", "back": "nosotros bailemos"}, {"front": "cantar", "back": "canto"}, {"front": "yo cante", "back": "nosotros cantemos"}, {"front": "cerrar", "back": "cierro"}, {"front": "yo cierre", "back": "nosotros cerremos"}, {"front": "pensar", "back": "pienso"}, {"front": "yo piense", "back": "nosotros pensemos"}, {"front": "recordar", "back": "recuerdo"}, {"front": "yo recuerde", "back": "nosotros recordemos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 355, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Note that the first-person and third-person singular forms are identical in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The first two examples, bailar and cantar, are regular in the present indicative. The last three, cerrar, pensar, and recordar, show stem changes. Note that the stem changes in the present indicative are also present in the present subjunctive, except in the nosotros and vosotros forms, which are unaffected by these stem changes."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The formation of the subjunctive comes from the conjugation of the first-person singular of the present indicative. Any irregularity that the verb has in the present indicative yo form also occurs in the present subjunctive. To learn the subjunctive well, practice the yo form of the verbs, because that will be the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In order to conjugate both regular and irregular -er and -ir verbs in the present subjunctive, drop the -o from the first-person singular of the present indicative and add -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "comer", "yo Form", "como", "querer", "quiero", "poder", "puedo", "ver", "veo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo coma", "nosotros comamos", "tú comas", "vosotros comáis", "él coma", "ellos coman", "yo quiera", "nosotros queramos", "tú quieras", "vosotros queráis", "ella quiera", "ellas quieran", "yo pueda", "nosotros podamos", "tú puedas", "vosotros podáis", "Ud. pueda", "Uds. puedan", "yo vea", "nosotros veamos", "tú veas", "vosotros veáis", "él vea", "ellos vean"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8953488372093024, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "comer", "back": "como"}, {"front": "yo coma", "back": "nosotros comamos"}, {"front": "querer", "back": "quiero"}, {"front": "yo quiera", "back": "nosotros queramos"}, {"front": "poder", "back": "puedo"}, {"front": "yo pueda", "back": "nosotros podamos"}, {"front": "ver", "back": "veo"}, {"front": "yo vea", "back": "nosotros veamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 356, "repairs": 1}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "vivir", "yo Form", "vivo", "mentir", "miento", "pedir", "pido", "dormir", "duermo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo viva", "nosotros veamos", "tú vivas", "vosotros veáis", "él viva", "ellos vean", "yo mienta", "nosotros mintamos", "tú mientas", "vosotros mintáis", "ella mienta", "ellas mientan", "yo pida", "nosotros podamos", "tú pidas", "vosotros podáis", "Ud. pida", "Uds. puedan", "yo duerma", "nosotros durmamos", "tú duermas", "vosotros durmáis", "del deman"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8953488372093024, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "vivir", "back": "vivo"}, {"front": "yo viva", "back": "nosotros vivamos"}, {"front": "mentir", "back": "miento"}, {"front": "yo mienta", "back": "nosotros mintamos"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "pido"}, {"front": "yo pida", "back": "nosotros pidamos"}, {"front": "dormir", "back": "duermo"}, {"front": "yo duerma", "back": "nosotros durmamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 356, "repairs": 6}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE In the irregular -ir verbs, there is an additional irregularity in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Verbs with the stem change e > ie or e > i have an -i- in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Verbs with the stem change o > ue have a - u- in the nosotros and vosotros forms."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the present subjunctive, certain -er and -ir verbs carry the irregularity of the first-person singular of the present indicative tense throughout the present subjunctive conjugation. There are no -ar verbs that have this irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "conocer", "yo Form", "conozco", "decir", "digo", "hacer", "hago", "poner", "pongo", "salir", "salgo", "tener", "tengo", "traer", "traigo", "venir", "vengo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo conozca", "nosotros conozcamos", "tú conozcas", "vosotros conozcáis", "él conozca", "ellos conozcan", "yo diga", "tú digas", "nosotros vivamos", "vosotros viváis", "ella diga", "ellas digan", "yo haga", "nosotros hagamos", "tú hagas", "vosotros hagáis", "Ud. haga", "Uds. hagan", "yo ponga", "nosotros pongamos", "tú pongas", "vosotros pongáis", "él ponga", "ellos pongan", "yo salga", "nosotros salgamos", "tú salgas", "vosotros salgáis", "ella salga", "ellas salgan", "yo tenga", "nosotros tengamos", "tú tengas", "vosotros tengáis", "Ud. tenga", "Uds. tengan", "yo traiga", "nosotros traigamos", "tú traigas", "vosotros traigáis", "él traiga", "ellos traigan", "yo venga", "nosotros vengamos", "tú vengas", "vosotros vengáis", "ella venga", "ellas vengan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9925373134328358, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "conocer", "back": "conozco"}, {"front": "yo conozca", "back": "nosotros conozcamos"}, {"front": "decir", "back": "digo"}, {"front": "yo diga", "back": "nosotros digamos"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "hago"}, {"front": "yo haga", "back": "nosotros hagamos"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "pongo"}, {"front": "yo ponga", "back": "nosotros pongamos"}, {"front": "salir", "back": "salgo"}, {"front": "yo salga", "back": "nosotros salgamos"}, {"front": "tener", "back": "tengo"}, {"front": "yo tenga", "back": "nosotros tengamos"}, {"front": "traer", "back": "traigo"}, {"front": "yo traiga", "back": "nosotros traigamos"}, {"front": "venir", "back": "vengo"}, {"front": "yo venga", "back": "nosotros vengamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 357, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other regular -ar verbs:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alcanzar", "anular", "arrancar", "cargar", "colocar", "ignorar", "lograr", "madrugar", "masticar", "pagar", "publicar", "rezar", "subrayar", "tragar", "to reach, to overtake", "to annul", "to pull, to root out", "to load", "to place", "to be ignorant of", "to succeed in", "to get up early", "to chew", "to pay for", "to publish", "to pray", "to underline", "to swallow"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other -er verbs like conocer:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["agradecer", "amanecer", "aparecer", "crecer", "desaparecer", "establecer", "merecer", "hacer", "obedecer", "ofrecer", "padecer", "parcer", "pertenecer", "reconocer", "hacer", "to thank", "to wake up, to brighten", "to appear", "to grow", "to disappear", "to establish", "to deserve", "to be born", "to obey", "to offer", "to suffer", "to seem", "to belong", "to recognize", "to lie down"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other -ir verbs with -zc- in the yo form:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0358-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conducir", "introducir", "lucir", "producir", "to drive", "to insert", "to light up", "to produce"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "conducir", "back": "to drive"}, {"front": "introducir", "back": "to insert"}, {"front": "producir", "back": "to produce"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 358, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["reducir", "traducir", "to reduce", "to translate"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "reducir", "back": "to reduce"}, {"front": "traducir", "back": "to translate"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish equivalent of the English verb meaning to introduce is presentar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te presento a mi familia.", "I introduce you to my family"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Te presento a mi familia.", "back": "I introduce you to my family"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only six verbs whose present subjunctive is not formed from the first-person singular of the present indicative. They are irregular in that they are not formed from the yo form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "dar", "yo Form", "doy", "estar", "estoy", "voy", "saber", "ser", "soy", "haber", "he", "Present Subjunctive", "yo dé", "tú des", "nosotros demos", "él dé", "vosotros deis", "ellos den", "yo esté", "tú estés", "nosotros estemos", "vosotros estéis", "ella esté", "ellas estén", "yo vaya", "nosotros vayamos", "tú vayas", "vosotros vayáis", "Ud. vaya", "Uds. vayan", "yo sepa", "nosotros sepamos", "tú sepas", "vosotros sepáis", "él sepa", "ellos sepan", "yo sea", "nosotros seamos", "tú seas", "vosotros seáis", "ella sea", "ellas sean", "yo haya", "nosotros hayamos", "tú hayas", "vosotros hayáis", "Ud. haya", "Uds. hayan"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9827586206896551, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "dar", "back": "doy"}, {"front": "yo dé", "back": "nosotros demos"}, {"front": "estar", "back": "estoy"}, {"front": "yo esté", "back": "nosotros estemos"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "soy"}, {"front": "yo sea", "back": "nosotros seamos"}, {"front": "haber", "back": "he"}, {"front": "yo haya", "back": "nosotros hayamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 359, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTES The present subjunctive form dé (from dar) has a written accent to distinguish it from de (of)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The word hay comes from the infinitive haber; you will not need this form for any other use at this time."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with orthographic changes are not irregular. The spelling changes simply maintain the sound of the yo form. Some of the most common spelling changes are the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -car change c to qu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Verbs that end in -zar change z to c."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "buscar", "explicar", "tocar", "apagar", "llegar", "comenzar", "empezar", "yo Form", "busco", "explico", "toco", "apago", "llego", "comienzo", "empiezo", "Present Subjunctive", "yo busque", "tú busques", "Ud. busque", "yo explique", "tú expliques", "Ud. explique", "yo toque", "tú toques", "Ud. toque", "yo apague", "tú apagues", "él apague", "ella llegue", "yo comience", "tú comiences", "ella comience", "yo empiece", "tú empieces", "él empiece", "nosotros busquemos", "vosotros busquéis", "Uds. busquen", "nosotros expliquemos", "vosotros expliquéis", "Uds. expliquen", "nosotros toquemos", "vosotros toquéis", "Uds. toquen", "nosotros apaguemos", "vosotros apaguéis", "ellos apaguen", "nosotros lleguemos", "vosotros lleguéis", "ellas lleguen", "nosotros comencemos", "vosotros comencéis", "ellas comiencen", "nosotros empecemos", "vosotros empecéis", "ellos empiecen"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "buscar", "back": "busco"}, {"front": "yo busque", "back": "nosotros busquemos"}, {"front": "explicar", "back": "explico"}, {"front": "yo explique", "back": "nosotros expliquemos"}, {"front": "tocar", "back": "toco"}, {"front": "yo toque", "back": "nosotros toquemos"}, {"front": "apagar", "back": "apago"}, {"front": "yo apague", "back": "nosotros apaguemos"}, {"front": "comenzar", "back": "comienzo"}, {"front": "yo comience", "back": "nosotros comencemos"}, {"front": "empezar", "back": "empiezo"}, {"front": "yo empiece", "back": "nosotros empecemos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 360, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The change z > c occurs before the vowel e without affecting the sound. The consonants c (before i and e), s, and z all have the same sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like the present indicative, the stress in the present subjunctive is on the second-to-last syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can te, tú can tes, él can te, nosotros can te mos, ellos can ten. If a word carries a written accent, stress the accented syllable: vosotros can téis."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone; it must always be caused by some other element in the sentence. This is a mood that expresses wishes, doubts, and what is possible, rather than what is certain. The present subjunctive in a dependent clause is caused by the present tense in the main clause. Following are the specific uses of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A sentence or question may consist of a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause connected by the Spanish conjunction que."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause that are both in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0361-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["THE MAIN CLAUSE", "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", "Él sabe", "que yo cocino bien"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Él sabe", "back": "THE MAIN CLAUSE"}, {"front": "que yo cocino bien", "back": "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 361, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has an impersonal expression, such as Es dudoso. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Es dudoso que yo cocine bien. It is doubtful that I cook well."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are some frequently used impersonal expressions:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0361-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es bueno (que)", "es difícil (que)", "es dudoso (que)", "es fácil (que)", "es imposible (que)", "es importante (que)", "es malo (que)", "es mejor (que)", "es necesario (que)", "it is good (that)", "it is difficult (that)", "it is doubtful (that)", "it is easy (that)", "it is impossible that,", "it is important (that)", "it is bad (that)", "it is better (that)", "it is necessary (that)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "es bueno (que)", "back": "it is good (that)"}, {"front": "es difícil (que)", "back": "it is difficult (that)"}, {"front": "es dudoso (que)", "back": "it is doubtful (that)"}, {"front": "es fácil (que)", "back": "it is easy (that)"}, {"front": "es imposible (que)", "back": "it is impossible that,"}, {"front": "es importante (que)", "back": "it is important (that)"}, {"front": "es malo (que)", "back": "it is bad (that)"}, {"front": "es mejor (que)", "back": "it is better (that)"}, {"front": "es necesario (que)", "back": "it is necessary (that)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 361, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["es posible (que)", "es preciso (que)", "es probable (que)", "es una lástima (que)", "es urgente (que)", "it is possible (that)", "it is extremely necessary (that,", "it is probable (that)", "it is a pity (that)", "it is urgent (that)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "es posible (que)", "back": "it is possible (that)"}, {"front": "es preciso (que)", "back": "it is extremely necessary (that,"}, {"front": "es probable (que)", "back": "it is probable (that)"}, {"front": "es una lástima (que)", "back": "it is a pity (that)"}, {"front": "es urgente (que)", "back": "it is urgent (that)"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es dudoso que viajemos", "a España.", "Es importante que ella coma bien.", "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "Es necesario que estudiemos", "para el examen.", "¿Es posible que ella venga", "mañana?", "Es probable que mi amiga me", "vea en el restaurante.", "Es una lástima que Pedro no lo", "quiera hacer.", "It is doubtful that we will travel", "to Spain.", "It is important that she eat well.", "It is imposible that he is right.", "It is necessary that we study", "for the test.", "Is it possible that she will come", "tomorrow?", "It is probable that my friend will", "see me in the restaurant.", "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", "to do it."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8787878787878788, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "Es dudoso que viajemos", "back": "It is doubtful that we will travel"}, {"front": "a España.", "back": "to Spain."}, {"front": "Es importante que ella coma bien.", "back": "It is important that she eat well."}, {"front": "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "back": "It is imposible that he is right."}, {"front": "Es necesario que estudiemos", "back": "It is necessary that we study"}, {"front": "para el examen.", "back": "for the test."}, {"front": "¿Es posible que ella venga", "back": "Is it possible that she will come"}, {"front": "mañana?", "back": "tomorrow?"}, {"front": "Es probable que mi amiga me", "back": "It is probable that my friend will"}, {"front": "vea en el restaurante.", "back": "see me in the restaurant."}, {"front": "Es una lástima que Pedro no lo", "back": "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want"}, {"front": "quiera hacer.", "back": "to do it."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you begin a sentence with one of the impersonal expressions above, it is mandatory to use the subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. These impersonal expressions in the main clause always trigger the subjunctive in the subordinate clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice that some of the example sentences and questions above are translated with the future in English. This is because the present subjunctive carries with it a feeling of the future and doubt."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If you want to make a general statement with an impersonal expression, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive. You simply use the structure you have already learned, which follows English word order."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0362-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es bueno nadar cada día.", "Es importante comer bien.", "¿Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "Es posible salir temprano.", "It is good to swim every day", "It is important to eat well.", "Is it necessary to work a lot!", "It is possible to leave early."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Es bueno nadar cada día.", "back": "It is good to swim every day"}, {"front": "Es importante comer bien.", "back": "It is important to eat well."}, {"front": "¿Es necesario trabajar mucho?", "back": "Is it necessary to work a lot!"}, {"front": "Es posible salir temprano.", "back": "It is possible to leave early."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 362, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.1", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parenthes.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Es urgente que el chofer conduzca con cuidado. (conducir)"], "prompts": ["1. Es importante que nuestros amigos ___________________ a la fiesta. (venir)", "2. Es posible que él me ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "3. Es una lástima que Sara no lo ___________________. (hacer)", "4. ¿Es posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi amigo Raúl? (conocer)", "5. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ bien. (dormir)", "6. Es importante que ella ___________________ bien las direcciones. (saber)", "7. Es necesario que nosotros ___________________ mucha agua fría en el verano. (tomar)", "8. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ temprano. (levantarse)", "9. ¿Es posible que ella ___________________ a tiempo? (llegar)", "10. Es posible que yo ___________________ en Francia. (quedarse)", "11. Es probable que mucha gente importante ___________________ en la conferencia. (estar)", "12. Es difícil que yo te ___________________ una buena respuesta. (dar)", "13. Es urgente que tú ___________________ al doctor hoy. (ir)", "14. Es dudoso que ellos ___________________ ricos. (ser)", "15. Es importante que los padres les ___________________ a sus hijos. (leer)", "16. La niña acaba de comer. Es imposible que ___________________ hambre. (tener)", "17. Es probable que nosotros le ___________________ flores al profesor. (traer)", "18. Es bueno que Uds. ___________________ mejor. (sentirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.1 1. vengan 2. diga 3. haga 4. conozcan 5. durmamos 6. sepa 7. tomemos 8. se levanten 9. llegue 10. me quede 11. esté 12. dé 13. vayas 14. sean 15. lean 16. tenga 17. traigamos 18. se sientan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "durmamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "lean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. vengan 2. diga 3. haga 4. conozcan 5. durmamos 6. sepa 7. tomemos 8. se levanten 9. llegue 10. me quede 11. esté 12. dé 13. vayas 14. sean 15. lean 16. tenga 17. traigamos 18. se sientan"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express wishes or preferences with regard to other people will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The subject in the main clause must be different from the subject in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express wishes or preferences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0363-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["desear", "preferir", "querer", "to desire", "to prefer", "to desire, to want"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "desear", "back": "to desire"}, {"front": "preferir", "back": "to prefer"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 363, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following is a sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause that are both in the indicative mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["THE MAIN CLAUSE", "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", "Él sabe", "que yo canto"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", "back": "que yo canto"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, suppose that the main clause has one of the verbs above, such as Él quiere. This causes the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Él quiere que yo cante.", "He wants me to sing.", "(He wants that I sing.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not always show the distinction in mood like Spanish does. But even in the English translation of the example above, it is clear that the person in the main clause, he, wants the other person, me, to do something."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "al béisbol.", "Quiero que él baile.", "We want her to be well.", "She prefers that her son play", "baseball.", "I want him to dance."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", "back": "We want her to be well."}, {"front": "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", "back": "She prefers that her son play"}, {"front": "al béisbol.", "back": "baseball."}, {"front": "Quiero que él baile.", "back": "I want him to dance."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Deseamos descansar.", "Ella prefiere dormir.", "Yo quiero cantar.", "We want to rest.", "She prefers to sleep", "I want to sing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Deseamos descansar.", "back": "We want to rest."}, {"front": "Ella prefiere dormir.", "back": "She prefers to sleep"}, {"front": "Yo quiero cantar.", "back": "I want to sing."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other people will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0364-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alegrarse de", "esperar", "estar contento de", "estar triste de", "gustarle a uno", "sentir", "temer", "tener miedo de", "to be glad", "to hope", "to be happy", "to be sad", "to be pleasing to someone", "to regret", "to fear", "to be afraid of"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 364, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de que Uds. estén", "bien.", "Esperamos que Ud. tenga un", "buen fin de semana.", "La maestra está contenta de que", "hagamos la tarea.", "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "aceptar tu invitación?", "Me gusta que mi familia venga", "a verme.", "Lo siento que Ud. nunca se gane", "la lotería.", "Los padres temen que sus hijos", "no quieran estudiar:", "El líder tiene miedo de que el", "grupo no resuelva el problema.", "I am glad that you are well.", "We hope that you have a good", "weekend.", "The teacher is happy that we do", "the homework.", "Are you sad that we cannot accept", "your invitation?", "It pleases me that my family", "is coming to see me.", "I am sorry that you never win", "the lottery.", "The parents fear that their", "children don't want to study.", "The leader fears that the group", "will not resolve the problem."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is only one subject for the two verbs in a sentence, the sentence follows the basic structure that you have learned."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de estar aquí.", "Él espera salir dentro de una hora.", "Me gusta ir al cine.", "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", "1 am glad to be here.", "He hopes to leave within the hour", "I like to go to the movies.", "She is afraid of flying."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Me alegro de estar aquí.", "back": "1 am glad to be here."}, {"front": "Él espera salir dentro de una hora.", "back": "He hopes to leave within the hour"}, {"front": "Me gusta ir al cine.", "back": "I like to go to the movies."}, {"front": "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", "back": "She is afraid of flying."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs in the main clause that express orders, requests, or advice will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express orders, requests, or advice:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0365-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aconsejar", "decir", "dejar", "insistir en", "mandar", "pedir", "permitir", "prohibir", "sugerir", "to advise", "to tell (someone to do something)", "to permit, to let", "to insist", "to order", "to request, to ask for", "to permit", "to prohibit", "to suggest"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 365, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Te aconsejo que tomes el tren.", "Ella insiste en que yo me quede.", "Les pedimos que vayan de", "vacaciones.", "Le sugiero que Ud. lea este", "artículo", "I advise you to take the train.", "She insists that I stay.", "We ask them to go on vacation.", "I suggest that you read this article"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dejar, mandar, permitir, and prohibir can be used in two ways:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Les dejo que entren.", "Les dejo entrar.", "} I let them enter:", "Te permito que nades aquí.", "Te permito nadar aquí.", "> I permit you to saim here.", "Te prohibo que fumes en la casa I orbid you to smoke in the house_", "Te prohíbo fumar en la casa.", "El capitán les manda que los", "The captain orders the soldiers", "soldados descansen.", "to rest.", "Les manda descansar.", "He orders them to rest."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "El capitán les manda que los", "back": "The captain orders the soldiers"}, {"front": "soldados descansen.", "back": "to rest."}, {"front": "Les manda descansar.", "back": "He orders them to rest."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As you have learned, decir is used to relate a fact. This idea is expressed with the indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["José nos dice que el tren viene.", "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", "Joe tells us that the train is", "coming.", "She tells me that she likes", "to travel"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, when decir is used as an order, the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0366-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", "Les decimos que se acuesten", "ahora.", "Él nos dice que tengamos", "cuidado.", "¿Puede Ud. decirle que me", "llamer", "I tell you to go to the doctor.", "You tell me to stay.", "We tell them to go to bed nou", "He tells us to be careful.", "Can you tell her to call me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 366, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When English to tell is used to order someone to do something, the English command form is always the conjugation of the verb to tell + infinitive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An English command is expressed as follows: I tell him to stay. He tells me to go. Compare that to simply relating a fact: He tells me that the bus is here."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Following are verbs that express doubt or uncertainty:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0367-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dudar", "no creer", "no pensar", "to doubt", "not to believe", "not to think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "dudar", "back": "to doubt"}, {"front": "no creer", "back": "not to believe"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 367, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0367-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella duda que yo sepa tocar", "el piano.", "La gente no cree que sea", "la verdad.", "No pensamos que Daniel nos", "invite a la fiesta.", "She doubts that I know how", "to play the piano.", "The people don't believe that it", "is the truth.", "We don't think that Daniel will", "invite us to the party."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar", "back": "She doubts that I know how"}, {"front": "el piano.", "back": "to play the piano."}, {"front": "La gente no cree que sea", "back": "The people don't believe that it"}, {"front": "la verdad.", "back": "is the truth."}, {"front": "No pensamos que Daniel nos", "back": "We don't think that Daniel will"}, {"front": "invite a la fiesta.", "back": "invite us to the party."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 367, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.2", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "2. Él quiere que su amiga ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "3. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "4. Ellos se alegran de que el bebé ___________________. (dejar de llorar)", "5. Ellos nos piden que ___________________ mejor la idea. (explicar)", "6. A él no le gusta que yo siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "7. Rosa insiste en que su jefe le ___________________ más dinero. (dar)", "8. No creo que Alicia ___________________ la fecha. (saber)", "9. Ellas dudan que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)", "10. Les sugiero a sus padres que ___________________ de vacaciones. (ir)", "11. Me alegro de que no ___________________ nada grave. (ser)", "12. Los expertos nos aconsejan que ___________________ ejercicio. (hacer)", "13. Paula espera que su hermana ___________________ bien. (estar)", "14. Yo dudo que ella lo ___________________ en la reunión. (besar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "bese", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.2 1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. bese", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pague", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "deje de llorar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expliquemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "bese", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga 2. pague 3. se sientan 4. deje de llorar 5. expliquemos 6. tenga 7. dé 8. sepa 9. haya 10. vayan 11. sea 12. hagamos 13. esté 14. bese"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.3", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans3", "instruction": "Rewrite the following indicative sentences in the subjunctive mood. Choose any appropriate verb that causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Mis estudiantes están en clase. Me alegro de que estén en clase.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. A mis padres les gusta viajar.", "2. Mi amigo tiene malos sueños.", "3. Ella no se divierte mucho.", "4. Nosotros somos buenos estudiantes.", "5. No vamos a volver a los Estados Unidos.", "6. Sara me trae flores a mi casa.", "7. ¿Conoce Ud. a mi tío? [Write a response.]", "8. Mi hermano y yo no nos vemos mucho.", "9. ¿Hay clase los lunes?", "10. Carla es de Polonia."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "20.3 Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. Yo dudo que a mis padres les guste viajar. 2. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 3. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 4. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 5. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 6. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 7. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 8. Es una lástima que mi hermano y yo no nos veamos mucho. 9. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 10. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. Yo dudo que a mis padres les guste viajar. 2. Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños. 3. Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho. 4. Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes. 5. Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos. 6. Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa. 7. Dudo que Ud. conozca a mi tío. 8. Es una lástima que mi hermano y yo no nos veamos mucho. 9. ¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes? 10. No creo que Carla sea de Polonia."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.4", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans4", "instruction": "Indicative or subjunctive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Yo dudo que Cristina cante bien. (cantar) Yo sé que ella canta bien. (cantar)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ un buen fin de semana. (tener)", "2. Yo sé que Uds. ___________________ muchos amigos. (tener)", "3. Ricardo prefiere que yo lo ___________________ en febrero. (visitar)", "4. Él quiere que nosotros le ___________________ regalos. (traer)", "5. Nos gusta que él nos ___________________. (amar)", "6. Es importante que nosotros ___________________ nuestros errores. (corregir)", "7. ¿Sabe Ud. que ellos ___________________ aquí? (estar)", "8. Yo pienso que Rosario ___________________ poco. (quejarse)", "9. Dudo que Enrique ___________________. (quedarse)", "10. Sabemos que ellos ___________________. (irse)", "11. El hombre espera que ella ___________________ con él. (bailar)", "12. Sara no quiere que su novio la ___________________ antes de la boda. (ver)", "13. Me alegro de que Uds. ___________________ aquí. (estar)", "14. Es importante que nosotros ___________________ las direcciones antes de empezar nuestro viaje. (saber)", "15. Yo pienso que este hombre ___________________ médico. (ser)", "16. A mi hermano no le importa lo que ___________________ yo. (hacer)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "corrijamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se van", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "baile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "vea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.4 1. tengan 2. tienen 3. visite 4. traigamos 5. ame 6. corrijamos 7. están 8. se queja 9. se quede 10. se van 11. baile 12. vea 13. estén 14. sepan 15. es 16. haga", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tienen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "traigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "corrijamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se queja", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se van", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "baile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "vea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "es", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. tengan 2. tienen 3. visite 4. traigamos 5. ame 6. corrijamos 7. están 8. se queja 9. se quede 10. se van 11. baile 12. vea 13. estén 14. sepan 15. es 16. haga"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A subjunctive form follows directly after one of the following conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject than the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a pesar de que", "antes de que", "después de que", "en caso de que", "in spite of", "before", "after", "in case"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9782608695652174, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "a pesar de que", "back": "in spite of"}, {"front": "antes de que", "back": "before"}, {"front": "después de que", "back": "after"}, {"front": "en caso de que", "back": "in case"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 369, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hasta que", "para que", "sin que", "until", "in order that, so that", "without"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "para que", "back": "in order that, so that"}, {"front": "sin que", "back": "without"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Here is a sentence in which there is only one subject:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "cantar.", "She practices the piano before", "singing."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", "back": "She practices the piano before"}, {"front": "cantar.", "back": "singing."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following sentence, there are two subjects connected by a conjunction with que:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella practica el piano antes de", "que él cante.", "She practices the piano before", "he sings."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", "back": "She practices the piano before"}, {"front": "que él cante.", "back": "he sings."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The English equivalent does not show this distinction in mood the way Spanish does. However, there are clearly two subjects in the example above: she and he."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the example sentences below, there are two subjects in each sentence, and the subjunctive follows the conjunction:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy a esperar hasta que", "tú llegues.", "Él enseña para que los", "estudiantes aprendan.", "Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud.", "me ayude.", "I am going to wait until you", "arrive.", "He teaches so that the students", "learn.", "I'm going to do it without your", "helping me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If there is one subject in the sentence, an infinitive follows the preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de trabajar, ella", "descansa.", "Ella estudia para aprender:", "Él habla sin pensar:", "After working, she rests.", "She studies in order to learn", "He speaks without thinking."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Después de trabajar, ella", "back": "After working, she rests."}, {"front": "Él habla sin pensar:", "back": "He speaks without thinking."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some conjunctions of time always cause the subjunctive, whether there are two subjects or only one in the sentence. Following are a few conjunctions of this type:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0370-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a menos que", "luego que", "tan pronto como", "unless", "as soon as", "as soon as"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "luego que", "back": "as soon as"}, {"front": "tan pronto como", "back": "as soon as"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 370, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a bailar a menos que", "no haya música.", "Voy a llegar tan pronto como", "yo pueda.", "We are going to dance unless", "there is no music.", "I am going to arrive as soon as", "I can."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Vamos a bailar a menos que", "back": "We are going to dance unless"}, {"front": "no haya música.", "back": "there is no music."}, {"front": "Voy a llegar tan pronto como", "back": "I am going to arrive as soon as"}, {"front": "yo pueda.", "back": "I can."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After cuando"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form directly follows cuando if the future is implied."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a viajar cuando", "tengamos tiempo y dinero.", "¿Me puedes llamar cuando", "llegues a casa?", "El niño quiere ser bombero", "cuando sea grande.", "We are going to travel when", "we have time and money.", "Can you call me when you", "arrive home?", "The child wants to be a fireman", "when he grows up."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Vamos a viajar cuando", "back": "We are going to travel when"}, {"front": "tengamos tiempo y dinero.", "back": "we have time and money."}, {"front": "¿Me puedes llamar cuando", "back": "Can you call me when you"}, {"front": "llegues a casa?", "back": "arrive home?"}, {"front": "El niño quiere ser bombero", "back": "The child wants to be a fireman"}, {"front": "cuando sea grande.", "back": "when he grows up."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a question, the indicative form is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "When are you going to be home!", "When do you want to travel?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", "back": "When are you going to be home!"}, {"front": "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", "back": "When do you want to travel?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When cuando introduces a sentence that involves either a repeated action or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0371-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando hace frío, los niños", "juegan en la nieve.", "Ella se siente alegre cuando baila.", "Cuando voy a la playa, siempre", "me divierto.", "When it is cold, the children play", "in the snow.", "She feels happy when she dances", "When I go to the beach, I always", "have a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 371, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.5", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the conjunction indicated and the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Vamos de vacaciones tan pronto como (as soon as) nosotros podamos (to be able to)."], "prompts": ["1. Él va a limpiar su apartamento ___________________ (before) su familia lo ___________________ (to visit).", "2. ___________________ (after) yo ___________________ (to bathe myself), voy a vestirme.", "3. No voy ___________________ (unless) Uds. ___________________ (to go) también.", "4. Él va a invitar a su amiga a la fiesta ___________________ (as soon as) él ___________________ (to have) confianza.", "5. Les doy las instrucciones ___________________ (so that) ellos ___________________ (to know how) llegar.", "6. Uds. pueden jugar al baloncesto ___________________ (as soon as) Uds. ___________________ (to finish) su tarea.", "7. ___________________ (before) su novio ___________________ (to come) a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.", "8. Te presto el dinero ___________________ (so that) tú ___________________ (to be able to) comprar un carro usado.", "9. Vamos a estar aquí ___________________ (until) ellos ___________________ (to arrive).", "10. ___________________ (in case) Uds. no ___________________ (to have) nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?", "11. A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar ___________________ (so that) sus padres ___________________ (to be) contentos.", "12. ___________________ (in spite of) ___________________ (to be) frío, ellos quieren dar una vuelta.", "13. Tú puedes venir a mi casa ___________________ (without) yo te ___________________ (to invite).", "14. Graciela va a descansar ___________________ (after) sus nietos ___________________ (to go away).", "15. ___________________ (when) Ud. ___________________ (to be able), ¿me puede acompañar al tren?", "16. Elena me va a ver ___________________ (when) nosotros ___________________ (to meet) en México.", "17. ___________________ (when) ellos ___________________ (to return) a los Estados Unidos, van a comprar una casa pequeña.", "18. El hombre va a estar contento ___________________ (when) ___________________ (to learn) a manejar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "antes de que, visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "a pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Cuando, pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "cuando, aprenda", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.5 1. antes de que, visite 2. Después de que, me bañe 3. a menos que, vayan 4. luego que, tenga 5. para que, sepan 6. luego que, terminen 7. Antes de que, venga 8. para que, puedas 9. hasta que, lleguen 10. En caso de que, tengan 11. para que, estén 12. a pesar de que, tengan 13. sin que, invite 14. después de que, se vayan 15. Cuando, pueda 16. cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos 17. Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen 18. cuando, aprenda", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "antes de que, visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Después de que, me bañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "a menos que, vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "luego que, tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "para que, sepan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "luego que, terminen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Antes de que, venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "para que, puedas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hasta que, lleguen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "En caso de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "para que, estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "a pesar de que, tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "sin que, invite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "después de que, se vayan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Cuando, pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "cuando, aprenda", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. antes de que, visite 2. Después de que, me bañe 3. a menos que, vayan 4. luego que, tenga 5. para que, sepan 6. luego que, terminen 7. Antes de que, venga 8. para que, puedas 9. hasta que, lleguen 10. En caso de que, tengan 11. para que, estén 12. a pesar de que, tengan 13. sin que, invite 14. después de que, se vayan 15. Cuando, pueda 16. cuando, nos reunamos / cuando, nos encontremos 17. Cuando, vuelvan / Cuando, regresen 18. cuando, aprenda"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "In Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Busco un apartamento que sea", "grande y barato.", "¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que sepa", "hablar alemán?", "¿Hay alguien aquí que baile", "bien?", "No hay nadie que siempre tenga", "razón.", "I am looking for an apartment", "that is big and cheap.", "Do you know anyone who knows", "how to speak German?", "Is there anyone here who dances", "well?", "There is no one who is always", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Por más que ella limpie, su casa", "está siempre desordenada.", "Por mucho que él coma, no se", "engorda.", "No matter how much she cleans", "her house is always a mess.", "No matter hou much he eats,", "he doesn't get fat."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Por más que ella limpie, su casa", "back": "No matter how much she cleans"}, {"front": "está siempre desordenada.", "back": "her house is always a mess."}, {"front": "Por mucho que él coma, no se", "back": "No matter hou much he eats,"}, {"front": "engorda.", "back": "he doesn't get fat."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant that and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "Ojalá que él se quede.", "Ojalá que Uds. reciban", "el cheque.", "Would to God that she has luck", "May God grant that he stay.", "I hope you receive the check."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", "back": "Would to God that she has luck"}, {"front": "Ojalá que él se quede.", "back": "May God grant that he stay."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After acaso, quizás, or tal vez"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0373-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Acaso él me visite mañana.", "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow", "Perhaps they will tell me the truth", "Perhaps they will tell me lies."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Acaso él me visite mañana.", "back": "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow"}, {"front": "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", "back": "Perhaps they will tell me the truth"}, {"front": "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", "back": "Perhaps they will tell me lies."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 373, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After aunque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used if the action has not yet occurred."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Voy al cine aunque no vayan", "mis amigos.", "Aunque Pedro se quede esta", "noche, yo voy a salir:", "Aunque sea difícil, él lo puede", "hacer.", "I am going to the movies,", "although my friends may not go", "Although Peter may stay tonight,", "I am going to leave.", "Although it may be difficult,"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If aunque introduces a sentence or question that expresses a known fact, a repeated action, or a general statement in the present, the indicative mood is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Aunque es verano, la mujer", "siempre lleva guantes.", "Aunque el doctor está enfermo,", "va al hospital.", "Aunque le duele la voz.,", "la cantante decide cantar", "en la ópera.", "Elena no quiere ir al parque", "aunque sus amigos siempre", "van.", "Although it is summer, the woman", "always wears gloves.", "Although the doctor is sick,", "he is going to the hospital.", "Although her voice hurts,", "the singer decides to sing", "in the opera.", "Elena doesn't want to go to the", "park, although her friends", "always go."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Compounds of -quiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compounds of -quiera — adondequiera (wherever), cualquiera (whichever), dondequiera (wherever), and quienquiera (whoever)—all indicate uncertainty and therefore cause the subjunctive to follow."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0374-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Adondequiera que vayas,", "te deseo lo mejor.", "Cualquiera que sea sincero", "puede ser un buen amigo.", "Dondequiera que estén ellos,", "los voy a buscar:", "Quienquiera que esté aquí", "puede salir con nosotros.", "Wherever you go, I wish you the", "best.", "Whichever one is sincere can be", "a good friend.", "Wherever they are, 1 am going", "to look for them.", "Whoever is here can leave with us"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 374, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After como"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used after como only if the meaning is however."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0375-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellas van a preparar la comida", "como tú quieras.", "They are going to prepare the meal", "however you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Ellas van a preparar la comida", "back": "They are going to prepare the meal"}, {"front": "como tú quieras.", "back": "however you want."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 375, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.6", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Tal vez ellos ___________________ por la comida. (enfermarse)", "2. Ojalá que nosotros ___________________ hoy. (descansar)", "3. Aunque él ___________________ mañana, no quiero lavar el baño. (llegar)", "4. Por mucho que ellas ___________________, no van a hacer nada. (quejarse)", "5. Quienquiera que ___________________ bien puede ser experto. (cocinar)", "6. Ojalá que tú ___________________ bien esta noche. (dormir)", "7. Aunque ___________________ mucho tráfico, queremos viajar. (haber)", "8. Mi amiga busca un apartamento que ___________________ tres cuartos. (tener)", "9. Carlos necesita una casa que ___________________ en el campo. (estar)", "10. El hombre quiere hacer el proyecto como Ud. lo ___________________. (querer)", "11. No conozco a nadie que me ___________________ a la playa. (acompañar)", "12. Ella busca un novio que ___________________ inteligente. (ser)", "13. Quizás él ___________________ la semana que viene. (venir)", "14. Por más que Tomás ___________________, no sabe nada. (hablar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.6 1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se enfermen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se quejen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cocine", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "duermas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "acompañe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hable", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se enfermen 2. descansemos 3. llegue 4. se quejen 5. cocine 6. duermas 7. haya 8. tenga 9. esté 10. quiera 11. acompañe 12. sea 13. venga 14. hable"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Other Tenses That Cause the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You have learned so far that the present indicative in the main clause can cause the present subjunctive in the subordinate clause. This is the most common use of the subjunctive mood."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Two additional tenses, the present progressive and the future periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive) can cause the subjunctive mood as well."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Present Progressive as Cause for the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present progressive in the main clause can cause the present subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0376-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La preocupada mamá está", "esperando que su hijo regrese", "a casa.", "El papá le está diciendo a su hijo", "que juegue en el parque.", "Los padres les están rogando que", "tengan cuidado.", "Les estamos sugiriendo que los", "niños hagan más ejercicio.", "The anxious mother is hoping", "that her son returns home.", "The father is telling his son to play", "in the park.", "The parents are begging them", "to be careful.", "We are suggesting to them that", "the children exercise more."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9897959183673469, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 376, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The present tense and the present progressive are both present tenses."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Future (ir + a + infinitive) as Cause for the Present Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present subjunctive can also be caused by the future tense in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0376-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos a estar contentos de que", "Susana tenga éxito.", "Raimundo va a pedirle a su jefe", "que le compre un carro.", "Voy a insistir que mis amigos", "me acompañen al cine.", "Marisa va a estar alegre cuando", "consiga un buen apartmento.", "We are going to be happy that", "Susan is successful.", "Raymond is going to ask his boss", "to buy him a car.", "I am going to insist that my", "friends accompany me to the", "movies.", "Marisa is going to be happy when", "she gets a good apartment."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 376, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.7", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present indicative. Make sure you know why the present subjunctive is used in each case.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El doctor me aconseja que yo haga más exámenes médicos. (hacer)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te ___________________. (picar)", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina ___________________ un buen trabajo. (obtener)", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia ___________________ a su compañero. (conocer)", "5. Es imposible que Roberto ___________________ todo. (saber)", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos ___________________ contra el dueño. (ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes ___________________. (venir)", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me ___________________ cien dólares? (prestar)", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes ___________________. (aprender)", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores ___________________. (ensayar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pique", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "obtenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "preste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "aprendan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ensayen", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.7 1. estén 2. pique 3. obtenga 4. conozca 5. sepa 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. preste 9. aprendan 10. ensayen", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pique", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "obtenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "conozca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "preste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "aprendan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ensayen", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estén 2. pique 3. obtenga 4. conozca 5. sepa 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. preste 9. aprendan 10. ensayen"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.8", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present progressive.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE La doctora está esperando que no sea nada grave. (ser)"], "prompts": ["1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que ___________________ la puerta. (abrir)", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que ___________________. (irse)", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te ___________________? (perdonar)", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no ___________________ en aguas peligrosas. (nadar)", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren ___________________ a tiempo. (llegar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "abramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "perdone", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.8 1. abramos 2. te vayas 3. perdone 4. nade 5. llegue", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "abramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "perdone", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nade", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "llegue", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. abramos 2. te vayas 3. perdone 4. nade 5. llegue"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "20.9", "ansAnchor": "ch20ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the future periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive).", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre idealista va a esperar que la mujer perfecta venga. (venir)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes ___________________ a sus padres? (escuchar)", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no ___________________ más. (fumar)", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no ___________________. (perderse)", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le ___________________ que se la ___________________. (decir/tomar)", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda ___________________. (cantar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se pierda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diga, tome", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "20.9 1. escuchen 2. fume 3. se pierda 4. diga, tome 5. cante", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se pierda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diga, tome", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. escuchen 2. fume 3. se pierda 4. diga, tome 5. cante"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estimados lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que Uds. lean con cuidado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La autora"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El juicio"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La escena tiene lugar en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501 ciudadanos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El protagonista entra y empieza a hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA Tengo sesenta años y es la primera vez que me ven en la corte. ¿Cuál es la primera acusación contra mí?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Ud. es culpable de investigar bajo la tierra y en el cielo y de enseñarles a los otros las mismas cosas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA No tengo nada que ver con estas acusaciones y no es verdad."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ACUSADOR Pero, ¿cuál es el problema, entonces? ¿Por qué hay tantos prejuicios contra Ud. si no hace algo diferente de los demás? Nos puede decir Ud. lo que es, para que le demos un veredicto justo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "PROTAGONISTA Bueno. Voy a decirles toda la verdad. Me dan esta reputación por cierta sabiduría que tengo. Menciono el dios de Delfos para que él sea mi testigo. ¿Se acuerdan Uds. de Querefón? Él fue al dios de Delfos y le preguntó si hay una persona más sabia que yo. El dios contestó que no hay nadie. Pero, ¿qué significa la idea de que yo soy el hombre más sagaz de todos? Me tocó investigar la cuestión. Yo fui a ver a un hombre que tiene la reputación de ser sagaz. Lo examiné. No es necesario que les diga su nombre, él es un político, y esto es el resultado."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuando yo hablé con él, me di cuenta que él no era sabio. Cuando me fui, pensaba, “Yo soy más sabio que este hombre; ninguno de nosotros no sabe nada que valga la pena saber, pero él piensa que él tiene la sabiduría cuando él no la tiene, y yo, sin saber nada, no pienso que yo sea sagaz. No pienso que sé lo que no sé.” Después, fui a ver a los poetas, pensando que ellos iban a ser más sagaces que yo. Pero averigüé que no es por la sabiduría que los poetas crean sus poemas sino por una inspiración divina. Por fin, fui a ver a los artesanos. Ellos sabían lo que yo no sabía y por eso eran más sabios que yo. Pero me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mucho prejuicio contra mi ha resultado de mi investigación. Y yo sigo investigando y examinando a cada persona que pienso es sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo. Estoy tan ocupado en mi investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del estado ni de ganar dinero. Como resultado, yo soy pobre. Es verdad lo que les dije. Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha rabia contra mí. Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas primeras acusaciones."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0379-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["adivinar", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "examinar", "gozar", "ha resultado", "he tenido", "intentar", "servir", "tener que ver con", "valer", "to guess", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "to examine", "to enjoy", "has resulted (present perfect tense)", "have had (present perfect tense)", "to intend, to try", "to serve", "to have something to do with", "to palme"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 379, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los acontecimientos", "la acusación", "la asamblea", "el ciudadano", "the events", "the accusation", "the assembly", "the citizen", "la clave", "la corte", "la cuestión", "la defensa", "the key, the code", "the court", "the issue", "the defense"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "los acontecimientos", "back": "the events"}, {"front": "la clave", "back": "the key, the code"}, {"front": "la acusación", "back": "the accusation"}, {"front": "la corte", "back": "the court"}, {"front": "la asamblea", "back": "the assembly"}, {"front": "la cuestión", "back": "the issue"}, {"front": "el ciudadano", "back": "the citizen"}, {"front": "la defensa", "back": "the defense"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 379, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "la investigación", "el/la juez.", "el juicio", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the investigation", "the judge", "the judgment", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el/la testigo", "el veredicto", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the witness", "the verdict"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "los demás", "back": "the rest"}, {"front": "el personaje", "back": "the character"}, {"front": "el diálogo", "back": "the dialogue"}, {"front": "el político", "back": "the politician"}, {"front": "el dios de Delfos", "back": "the god of Delphi"}, {"front": "el prejuicio", "back": "the prejudice"}, {"front": "la escena", "back": "the scene"}, {"front": "la sabiduría", "back": "the knowledge"}, {"front": "la investigación", "back": "the investigation"}, {"front": "el/la testigo", "back": "the witness"}, {"front": "el/la juez.", "back": "the judge"}, {"front": "el veredicto", "back": "the verdict"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 380, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["culpable", "justo", "principal", "guilty", "fair, just", "main, principal", "sabio", "sagaz.", "siguiente", "wise, clever", "wise", "following"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9777777777777777, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "culpable", "back": "guilty"}, {"front": "sabio", "back": "wise, clever"}, {"front": "justo", "back": "fair, just"}, {"front": "sagaz.", "back": "wise"}, {"front": "principal", "back": "main, principal"}, {"front": "siguiente", "back": "following"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 380, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué sitio empieza la acción?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Contra quién se defiende el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas personas hay en la asamblea griega?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la acusación contra él?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué hizo el protagonista después de escuchar que él es el más sabio de todos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Qué hace el protagonista en su vida diaria?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. Según el protagonista, ¿qué significa la sabiduría?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Se defiende bien el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "9. ¿Es inocente o culpable el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "10. ¿Quién es el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "11. ¿Quién escribió el diálogo de la defensa?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch21", "number": 21, "title": "Commands", "part": 4, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The command form, also called the imperative, is used to tell someone to do or not to do something. The command form is considered a mood, and exists only in the immediate present. The Spanish affirmative command is equivalent to English commands, such as turn here or follow the directions. The Spanish negative command is equivalent to English don’t scream or don’t drink the water, for example. Except for the affirmative tú command, all the constructions use a form that is the same as the present subjunctive, so your knowledge of the subjunctive is a great help."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Even though there are other ways to request that people do things, the command form is necessary in many situations. For example, let’s say you need to give someone directions:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Go straight ahead, and then turn to the right."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Follow the red line."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Walk in the direction of the traffic."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sometimes you need the command form to tell people not to do something, and you don’t have very much time to do it in."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t touch the light socket!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t jump in the water—there are sharks!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t move."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don’t worry."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Affirmative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The affirmative command form in the familiar tú is the same as the third-person singular of the present indicative. If the third-person indicative form is irregular, so is the command form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "Baila. Canta.", "Mira. Escucha.", "Empieza. Piensa.", "Dance. Sing.", "Look. Listen.", "Begin. Think"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "back": "Baila. Canta. / Dance. Sing."}, {"front": "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "back": "Empieza. Piensa. / Begin. Think"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "Come. Bebe.", "Lee. Escribe. Decide.", "Duerme. Sonríe.", "Eat. Drink.", "Read. Write. Decide", "Sleep. Smile."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "back": "Come. Bebe. / Eat. Drink."}, {"front": "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", "back": "Duerme. Sonríe. / Sleep. Smile."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The following are the only irregular commands in the affirmative tú form. It is a good idea to learn these imperatives right away."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "tú Command", "di", "haz", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "English", "say", "do", "go", "put", "leave", "be", "have", "COm.p"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "Infinitive", "back": "tú Command / English"}, {"front": "decir", "back": "di / say"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "haz / do"}, {"front": "ir", "back": "ve / go"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "pon / put"}, {"front": "salir", "back": "sal / leave"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "sé / be"}, {"front": "tener", "back": "ten / have"}, {"front": "venir", "back": "ven / COm.p"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0382-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Haz tus ejercicios, por favor.", "Ven acá.", "Pon tus zapatos en el armario.", "Ten cuidado.", "Do your exercises, please.", "Come here.", "Put your shoes in the closet", "Be careful."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 382, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The command form can be softened by adding por favor (please)."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.1", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following regular tú commands into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Toma tu medicina y llama al doctor en la mañana.", "2. Sigue a la derecha, por favor.", "3. Cierra la puerta, por favor, y abre la ventana.", "4. Corre a la tienda y compra la leche.", "5. Prepara la comida esta noche y después, saca la basura, por favor.", "6. Lee Don Quixote para la clase y escribe tu opinión acerca del tema principal.", "7. Come más frutas y verduras.", "8. Cuenta conmigo."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Continue to the right, please", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Close the door, please, and open the window", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Run to the store and buy milk", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Eat more fruits and vegetables", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Count on me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.1 1. Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning. 2. Continue to the right, please. 3. Close the door, please, and open the window. 4. Run to the store and buy milk. 5. Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please. 6. Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme. 7. Eat more fruits and vegetables. 8. Count on me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Continue to the right, please", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Close the door, please, and open the window", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Run to the store and buy milk", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Eat more fruits and vegetables", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Count on me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Take your medicine and call the doctor in the morning. 2. Continue to the right, please. 3. Close the door, please, and open the window. 4. Run to the store and buy milk. 5. Prepare the meal tonight and afterward, take out the garbage, please. 6. Read Don Quixote for the class and write your opinion about the main theme. 7. Eat more fruits and vegetables. 8. Count on me."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.2", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans2", "instruction": "Write the affirmative tú command form for the following verbs.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. apagar", "2. compartir", "3. decidir", "4. devolver", "5. doblar", "6. mirar", "1. Espero que Uds.", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te _", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia .", "5. Es imposible que Roberto", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores", "1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que _", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no", "8. regresar", "9. terminar", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren", "1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no _", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda"], "ocrLines": ["1. apagar", "2. compartir", "3. decidir", "4. devolver", "5. doblar", "6. mirar", "7 or", "to turn off", "to share", "to decide", "to return (an object)", "to turn", "to look at, to watch", "to hear", "EXAMPLE", "El doctor me aconseja que yo haga más exámenes médicos.", "(hacer)", "1. Espero que Uds.", ". bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el sol no te _", "(picar)", "3. Me gusta que mi sobrina", "un buen trabajo.", "(obtener)", "4. Paulina insiste en que su familia .", ". a su", "compañero. (conocer)", "5. Es imposible que Roberto", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos", "todo. (saber)", "contra el dueño.", "(ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que me", "_. (venir)", "cien dólares?", "(prestar)", "9. Enseño para que los estudiantes", "_. (aprender)", "10. Presentamos la obra de teatro después de que los actores", "• (ensayar)", "Exercise 20.8", "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form", "of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present", "progressive.", "EXAMPLE La doctora está esperando que no sea nada grave. (ser)", "1. Catarina está aconsejándonos que", "_la puerta.", "(abrir)", "2. Te estoy sugiriendo que _", "_. (irse)", "3. ¿Por qué me sigues diciendo que yo te", "_?", "(perdonar)", "4. Los padres del niño le están pidiendo que no", "en aguas peligrosas. (nadar)", "8. regresar", "9. terminar", "10 tirar", "to return", "to end", "to throw", "5. Les estamos esperando que el tren", "(llegar)", ". a tiempo.", "Exercise 20.9", "of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the future", "periphrastic (ir 1 a 1 infinitive).", "El hombre idealista va a esperar que la mujer perfecta venga.", "(venir)", "1. ¿Va a ser imposible que los adolescentes", "_ a sus", "padres? (escuchar)", "2. Voy a pedir que la gente no _", "3. Vamos a esperar que el piloto no", "más. (fumar)", "- (perderse)", "4. El paciente no va a tomar su medicina hasta que el doctor le", "que se la", "(decir/tomar)", "5. La obra de teatro no se va a acabar hasta que la mujer gorda", "_. (cantar)", "Reading Comprehension", "Espero que a Uds. les guste la siguiente historia. Está en forma de", "diálogo y basada en acontecimientos de la vida real. Intenten adivinar quien", "es el personaje principal según las claves que aparecen en esta escena. Para", "que gocen de lo lindo y para que aprendan de la historia, es necesario que", "Uds. lean con cuidado.", "La escena tiene lugar en la corte griega ante una asamblea de 501", "ciudadanos."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "apaga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "decide", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "dobla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "oye", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "termina", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "tira", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.2 1. apaga 2. comparte 3. decide 4. devuelve 5. dobla 6. mira 7. oye 8. regresa 9. termina 10. tira", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "apaga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "comparte", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "decide", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "devuelve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "dobla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "mira", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "oye", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "regresa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "termina", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "tira", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. apaga 2. comparte 3. decide 4. devuelve 5. dobla 6. mira 7. oye 8. regresa 9. termina 10. tira"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.3", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the tú command form of the verb in parentheses. Both regular and irregular commands are included.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE ¿Por qué no vienes acá? Ven acá."], "prompts": ["1. Tú nunca dices la verdad. ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "2. Tú debes portarte bien. ___________________ un buen niño. (ser)", "3. ___________________ tu pregunta, por favor. (leer)", "4. ___________________ el correo electrónico. (escribir)", "5. Hay mucho peligro en la selva. ___________________ cuidado. (tener)", "6. ___________________ la ropa en el cajón, por favor. (poner)", "7. ___________________ acá. (venir)", "8. Tú te vas a engordar si no haces ejercicios. ___________________ ejercicios por lo menos tres veces a la semana. (hacer)", "9. Necesitamos arroz para preparar la comida. ___________________ el arroz, por favor. (traer)", "10. ___________________ a tu hermanita. (esperar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Di", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Sé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Lee", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Escribe", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Ten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Pon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Ven", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Haz", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Trae", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Espera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.3 1. Di 2. Sé 3. Lee 4. Escribe 5. Ten 6. Pon 7. Ven 8. Haz 9. Trae 10. Espera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Di", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Sé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Lee", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Escribe", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Ten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Pon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Ven", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Haz", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Trae", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Espera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Di 2. Sé 3. Lee 4. Escribe 5. Ten 6. Pon 7. Ven 8. Haz 9. Trae 10. Espera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All object pronouns are attached to the affirmative form of the imperative. When two object pronouns occur together, the indirect object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Escribe la carta.", "Escríbeme la carta.", "Escríbemela.", "Enseña la lección.", "Enséñanos la lección.", "Rnsenanosla.", "Write the letter.", "Write the letter to me", "Write it to me.", "Teach the lesson.", "Teach us the lesson.", "Teach it to us."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Escribe la carta.", "back": "Write the letter."}, {"front": "Escríbeme la carta.", "back": "Write the letter to me"}, {"front": "Escríbemela.", "back": "Write it to me."}, {"front": "Enseña la lección.", "back": "Teach the lesson."}, {"front": "Enséñanos la lección.", "back": "Teach us the lesson."}, {"front": "Rnsenanosla.", "back": "Teach it to us."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 384, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Presta el dinero.", "Préstale el dinero a María.", "Préstaselo.", "Tráeles las galletas a tus colegas.", "Tráeselas.", "Dame la sartén.", "Dámela.", "Dinos la idea.", "Dínosla.", "Perdoname.", "Lend the money.", "Lend the money to María", "Lend it to her.", "Bring the cookies to your", "colleagues.", "Bring them to them.", "Give me the frying pan.", "Give it to me.", "Tell us the idea.", "Tell it to us.", "Pardon me Frase me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The written accent maintains the stress on the correct syllable in the imperative: es cri be, es crí beme, es crí bemela, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, the reflexive command form is very important. The reflexive object pronoun is attached the affirmative command form, and the written accent is again used to maintain stress on the correct syllable. Practice these examples aloud."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "acordarse", "acostarse", "despertarse", "dormirse", "levantarse", "sentarse", "tú Command", "Acuérdate.", "Acuéstate.", "Despiértate.", "Duérmete.", "Levántate.", "Siéntate.", "English", "Remember.", "Go to bed.", "Wake up.", "Go to sleep.", "Get up.", "Sit down."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a reflexive object pronoun and a direct object pronoun occur together, the reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0385-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lávate las manos.", "Lávatelas.", "Quítate los zapatos.", "Quítatelos.", "Ponte el abrigo.", "Póntelo.", "Wash your hands.", "Wash them.", "Take off your shoes", "Take them off.", "Put on your coat.", "Put it on"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 385, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.4", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans4", "instruction": "Write the affirmative tú command form for the following verbs. All responses require a written accent to maintain stress on the correct syllable, except irse. Pronounce each response aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. fijarse", "2. animarse", "3. callarse", "4. arreglarse", "5. moverse", "6. irse", "7. quedarse", "8. pararse", "9. cepillarse", "10. vestirse", "11. divertirse", "12. dormirse"], "ocrLines": ["1. fijarse", "2. animarse", "3. callarse", "4. arreglarse", "5. moverse", "6. irse", "7. quedarse", "8. pararse", "9. cepillarse", "10. vestirse", "11. divertirse", "12. dormirse", "to notice", "to cheer up", "to be quiet", "to get ready", "to move", "to go away", "to stay", "to stand up", "to brush one's teeth", "to get dressed", "to have a good time", "to fall asleep", "adivinar", "averiguar", "darse cuenta (de)", "examinar", "gozar", "ha resultado", "he tenido", "intentar", "servir", "tener que ver con", "valer", "los acontecimientos", "la acusación", "la asamblea", "el ciudadano", "the events", "the accusation", "the assembly", "the citizen", "los demás", "el diálogo", "el dios de Delfos", "la escena", "la investigación", "el/la juez.", "el juicio", "the rest", "the dialogue", "the god of Delphi", "the scene", "the investigation", "the judge", "the judgment", "culpable", "justo", "principal", "guilty", "fair, just", "main, principal", "to guess", "to check out, to verify", "to realize", "to examine", "to enjoy", "has resulted (present perfect tense)", "have had (present perfect tense)", "to intend, to try", "to serve", "to have something to do with", "to value", "la clave", "la corte", "la cuestión", "la defensa", "el personaje", "el político", "el prejuicio", "la sabiduría", "el/la testigo", "el veredicto", "the key, the code", "the court", "the issue", "the defense", "the character", "the politician", "the prejudice", "the knowledge", "the witness", "the verdict", "sabio", "sagaz.", "siguiente", "wise, clever", "wise", "following"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fíjate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "anímate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cállate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "arréglate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "muévete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quédate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "párate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "cepíllate", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "vístete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "diviértete", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "duérmete", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.4 1. fíjate 2. anímate 3. cállate 4. arréglate 5. muévete 6. vete 7. quédate 8. párate 9. cepíllate 10. vístete 11. diviértete 12. duérmete", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fíjate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "anímate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cállate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "arréglate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "muévete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quédate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "párate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "cepíllate", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "vístete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "diviértete", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "duérmete", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fíjate 2. anímate 3. cállate 4. arréglate 5. muévete 6. vete 7. quédate 8. párate 9. cepíllate 10. vístete 11. diviértete 12. duérmete"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Negative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative tú command form is the same as the present subjunctive form."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the negative tú command, begin with the yo form of the present indicative tense. Drop the final -o to get the stem of the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -ar verbs, add -es to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -er and -ir verbs, add -as to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No grites.", "No fumes en mi casa, por favor:", "No juegues con fósforos.", "No toques el enchufe.", "Don't yell.", "Don't smoke in my house, please", "Don't play with matches.", "Don't touch the light socket."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "No grites.", "back": "Don't yell."}, {"front": "No fumes en mi casa, por favor:", "back": "Don't smoke in my house, please"}, {"front": "No juegues con fósforos.", "back": "Don't play with matches."}, {"front": "No toques el enchufe.", "back": "Don't touch the light socket."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 386, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0387-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No mientas.", "No corras con tijeras.", "No comas comida rápida.", "No subas la montaña solo.", "No bebas esa agua.", "Don't lie.", "Don't run with scissors.", "Don't eat fast food.", "Don't climb the mountain alone", "Don't drink that water."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 387, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronounce the commands listed above aloud. Take time to write down both the affirmative and negative commands you need in everyday life, pronounce them, and try to learn them by memory. The negative commands are very important."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All object pronouns precede the verb in a negative command. The indirect object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun if they appear together."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0387-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 387, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry", "Don't go.", "Don't complain", "Don't be afraid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "No te enfades.", "back": "Don't get angry"}, {"front": "No te vayas.", "back": "Don't go."}, {"front": "No te quejes.", "back": "Don't complain"}, {"front": "No te asustes.", "back": "Don't be afraid."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No te pongas el abrigo en", "el verano.", "No te lo pongas.", "No te quites el sombrero en", "el invierno.", "No te lo quites.", "Don't put on your coat in the", "summer.", "Don't put it on.", "Don't take off your hat in the", "winter.", "Don't take it off."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Review of tú Commands"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar", "beber", "abrir", "Affirmative", "canta", "bebe", "abre", "Negative", "no cantes", "no bebas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "cantar", "back": "canta / no cantes"}, {"front": "beber", "back": "bebe / no bebas"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular tú Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "Afirmative", "di", "haz", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "Negative", "no digas", "no hagas", "no vayas", "no pongas", "no salgas", "no seas", "no tengas", "no vengas"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "decir", "back": "di / no digas"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "haz / no hagas"}, {"front": "ir", "back": "ve / no vayas"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "pon / no pongas"}, {"front": "salir", "back": "sal / no salgas"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "sé / no seas"}, {"front": "tener", "back": "ten / no tengas"}, {"front": "venir", "back": "ven / no vengas"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 388, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.5", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following commands into English.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Hazme un favor.", "2. Dinos la verdad.", "3. Vete.", "4. Ponte las medias.", "5. Sal ahora.", "6. Sé un buen perro.", "7. Ten cuidado."], "ocrLines": ["1. Hazme un favor.", "2. Dinos la verdad.", "3. Vete.", "4. Ponte las medias.", "5. Sal ahora.", "6. Sé un buen perro.", "7. Ten cuidado.", "8 Ven acá", "No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy.", "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú", "command.", "No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry.", "Don't go.", "Don't complain.", "Don't be afraid.", "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the", "reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Do me a favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tell us the truth", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Go away", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Put on your socks", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Leave now", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Be a good dog", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Be careful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Come here", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.5 1. Do me a favor. 2. Tell us the truth. 3. Go away. 4. Put on your socks. 5. Leave now. 6. Be a good dog. 7. Be careful. 8. Come here.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Do me a favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tell us the truth", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Go away", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Put on your socks", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Leave now", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Be a good dog", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Be careful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Come here", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Do me a favor. 2. Tell us the truth. 3. Go away. 4. Put on your socks. 5. Leave now. 6. Be a good dog. 7. Be careful. 8. Come here."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.6", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans6", "instruction": "Write the correct affirmative and negative tú commands for the following verbs, according to the example given. Pronounce each command aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. correr", "2. caminar", "3. beber", "4. seguir", "5. repetir", "6. hablar", "7. mirar", "8. romper", "9. vender", "10. abrir", "11. subir", "12. empezar", "13. mentir", "14. salir", "15. poner"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "cruzar", "AFFIRMAIIVE", "cruza (tú)", "NEGATIVE", "no cruces", "No abras la ventana.", "No la abras.", "No cierres la puerta.", "No la cierres.", "No lo hagas.", "No me lo digas.", "No me traigas las tortas.", "No me las traigas.", "No nos cuentes el mismo cuento.", "No nos lo cuentes.", "No le escribas una carta", "a Federico.", "No se la escribas.", "No les prestes dinero.", "No se lo prestes.", "No le des nada a Dorotea.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't open it.", "Don't close the door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't do it.", "Don't say it to me.", "Don't bring me the cakes.", "Don't bring them to me.", "Don't tell us the same story.", "Don't tell it to us.", "Don't write a letter to Fred.", "Don't write it to him.", "Don't lend them money.", "Don't lend it to them.", "Don't give anything to Dorothy.", "The reflexive object pronoun also precedes the verb in a negative tú", "command.", "No te enfades.", "No te vayas.", "No te quejes.", "No te asustes.", "Don't get angry.", "Don't go.", "Don't complain.", "Don't be afraid.", "If a reflexive verb and a direct object appear in the same phrase, the", "reflexive object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun.", "1. correr", "2. caminar", "3. beber", "4. seguir", "5. repetir", "6. hablar", "7. mirar", "8. romper", "9. vender", "10. abrir", "11. subir", "12. empezar", "13. mentir", "14. salir", "15. poner", "16 tocar", "No te pongas el abrigo en", "el verano.", "No te lo pongas.", "No te quites el sombrero en", "el invierno.", "No te lo quites.", "Review of tú Commands", "Regular tú Commands", "Affirmative", "cantar", "beber", "abrir", "canta", "bebe", "abre", "Negative", "no cantes", "no bebas", "no abras", "Irregular tú Commands", "decir", "hacer", "ir", "poner", "salir", "ser", "tener", "venir", "di", "haz.", "ve", "pon", "sal", "sé", "ten", "ven", "no digas", "no hagas", "no vayas", "no pongas", "no salgas", "no seas", "no tengas", "no vengas", "Exercise 21.5", "Translate the following commands into English.", "Don't put on your coat in the", "summer.", "Don't put it on.", "Don't take off your hat in the", "winter.", "Don't take it off."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "corre, no corras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "camina, no camines", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "bebe, no bebas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "sigue, no sigas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "repite, no repitas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "habla, no hables", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mira, no mires", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "rompe, no rompas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "vende, no vendas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "abre, no abras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "sube, no subas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "empieza, no empieces", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "miente, no mientas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "sal, no salgas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "pon, no pongas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "toca, no toques", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.6 1. corre, no corras 2. camina, no camines 3. bebe, no bebas 4. sigue, no sigas 5. repite, no repitas 6. habla, no hables 7. mira, no mires 8. rompe, no rompas 9. vende, no vendas 10. abre, no abras 11. sube, no subas 12. empieza, no empieces 13. miente, no mientas 14. sal, no salgas 15. pon, no pongas 16. toca, no toques", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "corre, no corras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "camina, no camines", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "bebe, no bebas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "sigue, no sigas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "repite, no repitas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "habla, no hables", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mira, no mires", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "rompe, no rompas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "vende, no vendas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "abre, no abras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "sube, no subas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "empieza, no empieces", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "miente, no mientas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "sal, no salgas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "pon, no pongas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "toca, no toques", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. corre, no corras 2. camina, no camines 3. bebe, no bebas 4. sigue, no sigas 5. repite, no repitas 6. habla, no hables 7. mira, no mires 8. rompe, no rompas 9. vende, no vendas 10. abre, no abras 11. sube, no subas 12. empieza, no empieces 13. miente, no mientas 14. sal, no salgas 15. pon, no pongas 16. toca, no toques"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.7", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Use the tú form for commands.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Don’t eat the salad in Guatemala. Don’t eat it.", "2. Don’t run; another train is coming.", "3. Don’t tell me the secret. Don’t tell it to me.", "4. Don’t do it. ________________________________", "5. Don’t touch it. ________________________________", "6. Don’t be afraid. ________________________________", "7. Don’t lend money to her. Don’t lend it to her.", "8. Don’t come late to the parade.", "9. Don’t give us bad news.", "10. Don’t bring candies to the child. Don’t bring them to him.", "11. Don’t go away. ________________________________", "12. Don’t worry. ________________________________", "13. Don’t wait for me. ________________________________", "14. Don’t be jealous. ________________________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No corras; otro tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "No tengas miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "No vengas tarde al desfile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "No nos des malas noticias", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "No te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "No te preocupes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "No me esperes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "No tengas envidia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.7 1. No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas. 2. No corras; otro tren viene. 3. No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas. 4. No lo hagas. 5. No lo toques. 6. No tengas miedo. 7. No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes. 8. No vengas tarde al desfile. 9. No nos des malas noticias. 10. No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas. 11. No te vayas. 12. No te preocupes. 13. No me esperes. 14. No tengas envidia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No corras; otro tren viene", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "No tengas miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "No vengas tarde al desfile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "No nos des malas noticias", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "No te vayas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "No te preocupes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "No me esperes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "No tengas envidia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No comas la ensalada en Guatemala. No la comas. 2. No corras; otro tren viene. 3. No me digas el secreto. No me lo digas. 4. No lo hagas. 5. No lo toques. 6. No tengas miedo. 7. No le prestes dinero a ella. No se lo prestes. 8. No vengas tarde al desfile. 9. No nos des malas noticias. 10. No le traigas dulces al niño. No se los traigas. 11. No te vayas. 12. No te preocupes. 13. No me esperes. 14. No tengas envidia."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Ud. and Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The command forms for Ud. and Uds. are identical to the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To form the Ud./Uds. commands for -ar verbs, begin with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -e (Ud.) or -en (Uds.) to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• To form the Ud./Uds. commands for -er and -ir verbs, begin with the yo form of the present indicative. Drop the -o and add -a (Ud.) or -an (Uds.) to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• There are only five irregular Ud./Uds. command forms. All regular Ud./Uds. commands are formed from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0391-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tome una aspirina si tiene dolor", "de cabeza.", "Firme aquí.", "Entre Ud., por favor:", "Cante. Baile. Escuche música.", "Espere Ud.", "Take an aspirin if you have", "a headache.", "Sign here.", "Enter, please.", "Sing. Dance. Listen to music", "Wait."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9722222222222222, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 391, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The command can be softened by adding Ud. or Uds."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0391-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Abra la ventana, por favor:", "Coma. Beba.", "Venga a mi casa a las siete.", "Tenga cuidado.", "Haga sus ejercicios.", "Open the window, please.", "Eat. Drink.", "Come to my house at seven", "o'clock.", "Be careful.", "Do your exercises."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 391, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb form for negative Ud. commands is the same as the present subjunctive. Affirmative and negative Ud. command forms are identical."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tome una aspirina.", "No entre Ud.", "No grite Ud.", "No abra la ventana.", "No coma, no beba.", "No venga a mi casa a las siete;", "sino a las ocho.", "Don't take an aspirin.", "Don't enter.", "Don't yell.", "Don't open the window.", "Don't eat, don't drink.", "Don't come to my house at seven.", "but rather at eight."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Add an -n to the Ud. form of the imperative to form the Uds. command."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Compren la casa.", "Apaguen la luz..", "Caminen Uds.", "Buy the house.", "Turn off the light", "Walk"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Compren la casa.", "back": "Buy the house."}, {"front": "Caminen Uds.", "back": "Walk"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Repitan la frase, por favor:", "Lean el periódico.", "Repeat the sentence, please", "Read the newspaper."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Repitan la frase, por favor:", "back": "Repeat the sentence, please"}, {"front": "Lean el periódico.", "back": "Read the newspaper."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0392-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No hablen.", "Don't talk.", "No fumen en la casa.", "Don't smoke in the house.", "No griten.", "Don't yell.", "No salgan.", "Don't leave.", "No prendan la luz.", "Don't turn on the light.", "No pongan su ropa en el piso.", "Don't put your clothes on the floor"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 392, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronounce the commands listed above aloud. Now list the commands that you need in everyday life. Make your own list of commands and practice them."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are attached to the affirmative command. When an object is added to the command form, a written accent is placed over the stressed syllable to maintain the sound of the verb."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Diga. Dígame. Dígamelo.", "Escúcheme.", "Bésela.", "Siéntese Ud.", "Sirva el postre, por favor.", "Sírvalo.", "Creame", "Tell. Tell me. Tell it to me", "Listen to me.", "Kiss her.", "Sit down, please.", "Serve the dessert, please.", "Serve it.", "Beliere me"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Affirmative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ayúdenla.", "Denles su dinero.", "Espérenme, por favor.", "Siéntense Uds.", "Quédense.", "Help her.", "Give them their money.", "Wait for me, please.", "Sit down, please.", "Stay.", "Enséñennos lide Ensáñennoda Teach us theidea Teach it to us"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The -nn- combination is very rare in Spanish."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb in a negative Ud./Uds. command. The verb forms for affirmative and negative commands are the same."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Ud. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me traiga agua.", "No le diga nada a nadie.", "No nos espere.", "No se caiga.", "No se desespere.", "No se preocupe.", "Don't bring me water.", "Don't say anything to anybody", "Don't wait for us.", "Don't fall down.", "Don't despair.", "Don't worry."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Negative Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0393-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No lo toquen.", "No se preocupen.", "No se vayan.", "No se rían.", "Don't touch it", "Don't worry.", "Don't go.", "Don't laugh."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "No se preocupen.", "back": "Don't worry."}, {"front": "No se vayan.", "back": "Don't go."}, {"front": "No se rían.", "back": "Don't laugh."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 393, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Review of Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caminar", "comer", "escribir", "Afirmative", "Ud.", "camine", "coma", "escriba", "Uds.", "caminen", "coman", "escriban", "Negative", "Ud.", "no camine", "no coma", "no escriba", "Uds.", "no caminen", "no coman", "no escriban"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Ud.", "back": "Uds."}, {"front": "Ud.", "back": "Uds."}, {"front": "caminar", "back": "camine caminen"}, {"front": "no camine", "back": "no caminen"}, {"front": "comer", "back": "coma coman"}, {"front": "no coma", "back": "no coman"}, {"front": "escribir", "back": "escriba escriban"}, {"front": "no escriba", "back": "no escriban"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only five Ud./Uds. command forms that are not formed from the yo form of the present indicative."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dar", "estar", "saber", "ser", "ir", "Afirmative", "Ud.", "dé", "esté", "sepa", "sea", "vaya", "Uds.", "den", "estén", "sepan", "sean", "vayan", "Negative", "Ud.", "no dé", "no esté", "no sepa", "no sea", "no vaya", "Uds.", "no den", "no estén", "no sepan", "no sean", "no vayan"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "Ud.", "back": "Uds."}, {"front": "Ud.", "back": "Uds."}, {"front": "dar", "back": "dé den"}, {"front": "no dé", "back": "no den"}, {"front": "estar", "back": "esté estén"}, {"front": "no esté", "back": "no estén"}, {"front": "saber", "back": "sepa sepan"}, {"front": "no sepa", "back": "no sepan"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "sea sean"}, {"front": "no sea", "back": "no sean"}, {"front": "ir", "back": "vaya vayan"}, {"front": "no vaya", "back": "no vayan"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Remember that commands such as diga, haga, and tenga are not irregular. They are formed from the yo form of the present indicative tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Favor de + infinitive (easy to use and very polite)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Favor de abrir la ventana.", "Favor de sentarse al frente.", "Favor de esperarnos.", "Please open the window", "Please sit in front.", "Please wait for us."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Favor de abrir la ventana.", "back": "Please open the window"}, {"front": "Favor de sentarse al frente.", "back": "Please sit in front."}, {"front": "Favor de esperarnos.", "back": "Please wait for us."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Tener la bondad de + infinitive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0394-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Tiene Ud. la bondad de", "acompañarme al hotel?", "¿Tienes la bondad de regalarme", "el anillo?", "¿Tienen Uds. la bondad de", "prestarnos su carro?", "Will you be kind enough", "to accompany me to the hotel?", "Will you be kind enough to give", "me the ring?", "Will you be kind enough to lend", "us your car?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "¿Tiene Ud. la bondad de", "back": "Will you be kind enough"}, {"front": "acompañarme al hotel?", "back": "to accompany me to the hotel?"}, {"front": "¿Tienes la bondad de regalarme", "back": "Will you be kind enough to give"}, {"front": "el anillo?", "back": "me the ring?"}, {"front": "¿Tienen Uds. la bondad de", "back": "Will you be kind enough to lend"}, {"front": "prestarnos su carro?", "back": "us your car?"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 394, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Puede Ud. + infinitive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puede Ud. cerrar la ventana?", "¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?", "Can you close the window!", "Can you help me, please?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Puede Ud. cerrar la ventana?", "back": "Can you close the window!"}, {"front": "¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?", "back": "Can you help me, please?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Hacer el favor de + infinitive with indirect object (similar to favor de)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Me hace Ud. el favor de", "traernos el libro?", "¿Nos haces el favor de escribirle?", "¿Me hace Ud. el favor de bailar", "conmigo?", "Will you do me the favor", "of bringing us the book? '", "Will do you us the favor of writing", "to her?", "Will you do me the favor of", "dancing with me?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Present indicative with indirect object pronoun or direct object pronoun"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Me ayudas, por favor?", "¿Nos acompaña Ud. al tren?", "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", "¿Nos da dinero?", "¿Nos llevan Uds. al hotel?", "Will you help me, please?", "Will you accompany us to the", "train?", "Will you lend me your car?", "Will you give us money?", "Will you take us to the hotel?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Me ayudas, por favor?", "back": "Will you help me, please?"}, {"front": "¿Nos acompaña Ud. al tren?", "back": "Will you accompany us to the"}, {"front": "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", "back": "Will you lend me your car?"}, {"front": "¿Nos da dinero?", "back": "Will you give us money?"}, {"front": "¿Nos llevan Uds. al hotel?", "back": "Will you take us to the hotel?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 395, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Word “Will”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all of the constructions mentioned above, the English translation using the word “will” does not indicate a future tense, but rather a voluntary mood."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.8", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English, then pronounce these commands aloud.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. No naden en este lago.", "2. No caminen en el lodo.", "3. No se acueste tarde.", "4. No nos lo dé.", "5. No dejen los platos sucios en la mesa.", "6. No trabajen tanto.", "7. No venga a clase el lunes.", "8. No lleguen tarde."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Don’t swim in this lake", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Don’t walk in the mud", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Don’t go to bed late", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Don’t give it to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Don’t work so much", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Don’t come to class on Monday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Don’t arrive late", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.8 1. Don’t swim in this lake. 2. Don’t walk in the mud. 3. Don’t go to bed late. 4. Don’t give it to us. 5. Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table. 6. Don’t work so much. 7. Don’t come to class on Monday. 8. Don’t arrive late.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Don’t swim in this lake", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Don’t walk in the mud", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Don’t go to bed late", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Don’t give it to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Don’t work so much", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Don’t come to class on Monday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Don’t arrive late", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Don’t swim in this lake. 2. Don’t walk in the mud. 3. Don’t go to bed late. 4. Don’t give it to us. 5. Don’t leave the dirty plates on the table. 6. Don’t work so much. 7. Don’t come to class on Monday. 8. Don’t arrive late."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.9", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans9", "instruction": "Write both the affirmative and negative Ud. commands for the following verbs. Practice pronouncing all commands aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. decir", "2. hacer", "3. trabajar", "4. entrar", "5. leer", "6. esperar", "7. beber"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPIE", "cantar", "AFFIRMATIVE", "Cante.", "NEGATIVE", "No cante.", "Diga. Dígame. Dígamelo.", "Escúcheme.", "Bésela.", "Siéntese Ud.", "Sirva el postre, por favor.", "Sírvalo.", "Créame.", "Tell. Tell me. Tell it to me.", "Listen to me.", "Kiss her.", "Sit down, please.", "Serve the dessert, please.", "Serve it.", "Believe me.", "Affirmative Uds. Commands", "Ayúdenla.", "Denles su dinero.", "Espérenme, por favor.", "Siéntense Uds.", "Quédense.", "Enséñennos la idea. Enséñennosla.", "Help her.", "Give them their money.", "Wait for me, please.", "Stay.", "Teach us the idea. Teach it to us.", "Placement of Object Pronouns with", "Negative Ud./Uds. Commands", "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb in a", "negative Ud./Uds. command. The verb forms for affirmative and negative", "commands are the same.", "Negative Ud. Commands", "No me traiga agua.", "No le diga nada a nadie.", "No nos espere.", "No se caiga.", "No se desespere.", "No se preocupe.", "Don't bring me water.", "Don't say anything to anybody.", "Don't wait for us.", "Don't fall down.", "Don't despair.", "Don't worry.", "1. decir", "2. hacer", "3. trabajar", "4. entrar", "5. leer", "6. esperar", "7. beber"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "diga, no diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haga, no haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trabaje, no trabaje", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "entre, no entre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "lea, no lea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "espere, no espere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "beba, no beba", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.9 1. diga, no diga 2. haga, no haga 3. trabaje, no trabaje 4. entre, no entre 5. lea, no lea 6. espere, no espere 7. beba, no beba", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "diga, no diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haga, no haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trabaje, no trabaje", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "entre, no entre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "lea, no lea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "espere, no espere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "beba, no beba", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. diga, no diga 2. haga, no haga 3. trabaje, no trabaje 4. entre, no entre 5. lea, no lea 6. espere, no espere 7. beba, no beba"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.10", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans10", "instruction": "Write both the affirmative and negative Uds. commands for the following reflexive verbs. Practice pronouncing all commands aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirce"], "ocrLines": ["EXAMPLE", "irse", "AFFIRMATIVE", "Váyanse.", "NEGATIVE", "No se vayan.", "Negative Uds. Commands", "No lo toquen.", "No se preocupen.", "No se rían.", "Don't touch it.", "Don't worry.", "Don't go.", "Don't laugh.", "Review of Ud./Uds. Commands", "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", "Affirmative", "Ud.", "caminar", "comer", "escribir", "camine", "coma", "escriba", "Uds.", "caminen", "coman", "escriban", "Negative", "no camine", "no coma", "no escriba", "no caminen", "no coman", "no escriban", "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", "There are only five Ud./Uds. command forms that are not formed from the", "yo form of the present indicative.", "dar", "estar", "saber", "ser", "ir", "dé", "den", "esté", "estén", "sepa", "sepan", "sea", "sean", "vaya", "vayan", "no dé", "no esté", "no sepa", "no sea", "no vaya", "no den", "no estén", "no sepan", "no sean", "no vayan", "VOTE Remember that commands such as diga, haga, and tenga are no", "rregular. Thev are formed from the vo form of the present indicative tense", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirce"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quédense, no se queden", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "siéntense, no se sienten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "levántense, no se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "acuéstense, no se acuesten", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "duérmanse, no se duerman", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.10 1. quédense, no se queden 2. siéntense, no se sienten 3. levántense, no se levanten 4. acuéstense, no se acuesten 5. duérmanse, no se duerman", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quédense, no se queden", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "siéntense, no se sienten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "levántense, no se levanten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "acuéstense, no se acuesten", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "duérmanse, no se duerman", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quédense, no se queden 2. siéntense, no se sienten 3. levántense, no se levanten 4. acuéstense, no se acuesten 5. duérmanse, no se duerman"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Perdida en Nicaragua"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Vaya recto hasta llegar a la iglesia. Cuando llegue a la iglesia, doble a la derecha."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Siga recto hasta llegar al ayuntamiento; camine diez minutos más, suba una colina, cruce la calle y ya está en la universidad. Si sale ahora, va a llegar mucho antes de su primera clase a las diez.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El año era 1987. Eran las siete de una mañana caliente y húmeda como siempre era en agosto en Managua. Empecé mi caminata con mucha confianza y alegría, siendo muy independiente. Caminé con las direcciones escritas en un papelito. Después de quince minutos comencé a prestar mucha atención, buscando la iglesia blanca y grande como era la descripción de ella. La temperatura siguió subiendo. No vi a nadie para pedir direcciones. No hallé ninguna iglesia, ni grande, ni pequeña, ni blanca ni de otros colores."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Desesperada, di la vuelta y seguí la misma pista que me trajo hasta este punto y volví a la pensión. Sudada, miré al grupo, todos alegres, comiendo el desayuno y charlando."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Nunca vi la iglesia,” les relaté a los dueños. Mis colegas me miraron sin poder aguantar la risa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Ah,” me contestaron. “Ud. no es nicaragüense y no conoce bien ni la ciudad ni esta área. Le dirigimos adonde la iglesia estaba antes de la guerra.”"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aguantar la risa", "cruzar", "dar una vuelta", "doblar", "hallar", "relatar", "to hold back laughter", "to cross", "to take a walk", "to turn", "to find", "to relate"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el ayuntamiento", "la colina", "la pista", "town hall", "the hill", "the trail"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "el ayuntamiento", "back": "town hall"}, {"front": "la colina", "back": "the hill"}, {"front": "la pista", "back": "the trail"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["sudado", "sweatt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "sudado", "back": "sweatt"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Direcciones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0398-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a la derecha", "recto", "to the right", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "recto", "back": "straight ahead"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 398, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿A qué hora es la clase de la protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo se siente ella al empezar el camino?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Estaba ella sola o acompañada?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo volvió a la pensión?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Por qué se rieron sus colegas?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The nosotros Command: “Let us...”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“ Let’s do something,” or “ Let’s not do something” expresses the nosotros command forms. The nosotros command forms are the same as the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Begin with the present indicative yo form of the verb, and drop the -o. That gives you the stem for the command form."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -ar verbs, add -emos to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• For -er and -ir verbs, add -amos to the stem."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The affirmative and negative nosotros commands have the same form."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cantemos. Bailemos.", "Esperemos un momento.", "Tomemos un café.", "Empecemos la lección.", "Let's sing. Let's dance", "Let's wait a moment.", "Let's have coffee.", "Let's begin the lesson."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Cantemos. Bailemos.", "back": "Let's sing. Let's dance"}, {"front": "Esperemos un momento.", "back": "Let's wait a moment."}, {"front": "Tomemos un café.", "back": "Let's have coffee."}, {"front": "Empecemos la lección.", "back": "Let's begin the lesson."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Salgamos ahora.", "Abramos el libro.", "Leamos este capítulo en clase.", "Let's leave now.", "Let's open the book.", "Let's read this chapter in class"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Abramos el libro.", "back": "Let's open the book."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The indirect object pronouns and direct object pronouns are attached to the affirmative command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0399-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Digamos la verdad.", "Digámosla.", "Hagamos la tarea.", "Hagámosla.", "Traigámosle las flores al maestro.", "Besemos a los niños.", "Besémoslos.", "Crucemos la calle.", "Crucemosla.", "Let's tell the truth.", "Let's tell it.", "Let's do the homework.", "Let's do it.", "Let's bring flowers to the teacher", "Let's kiss the children.", "Let's kiss them.", "Let's cross the street.", "Let's cross it."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 399, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative nosotros command form is the same as the affirmative nosotros command form. The object pronouns (reflexive, indirect, and direct) precede the command."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No fumemos.", "No le digamos nada al doctor.", "No les compremos nada.", "No nos acostemos tarde.", "Let's not smoke.", "Let's not say anything to the", "doctor.", "Let's not buy them anything", "Let's not go to bed late."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Vamos is used instead of vayamos for let’s go. In the negative, vayamos is used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vamos al cine. No vayamos", "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go", "to the museum."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Vamos al cine. No vayamos", "back": "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative nosotros command form of a reflexive verb, the final -s is dropped before the -nos is added."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["irse", "sentarse", "acostarse", "ducharse", "levantarse", "vamos + nos", "sentemos + nos", "acostemos + nos", "duchemos + nos", "levantemos + nos", "Vámonos.", "Let's go.", "Sentémonos.", "Let's sit down.", "Acostémonos.", "Let's go to bed.", "Duchémonos.", "Let's take a shower", "Levantémonos.", "Let's get up."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The final -s of the command form is dropped if the indirect object pronoun se is added. The -s is dropped before the se is added. This is done to eliminate the -ss- combination."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0400-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella quiere un perro.", "Comprémoselo.", "(compremos + se + lo)", "Gloria necesita nuestra ayuda.", "Démosela.", "(demos + se + la)", "She wants a dog", "Let's buy it for her.", "Gloria needs our help", "Let's give it to her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9814814814814815, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 400, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the stem-changing -ir verbs, there is an irregularity in the nosotros command form. Verbs with the e > ie or e > i change in the stem have an -i- in the stem of the nosotros command. Verbs with the o > u change in the stem have a -u- in the stem of the nosotros command. This is the same stem change seen in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0401-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["e > ie", "Advirtamos a los otros.", "e > i", "Repitamos la pregunta.", "Sirvamos la cena.", "Sigamos las señales.", "Let's warn the others.", "Let's repeat the question.", "Let's serve supper.", "Let's follow the signs.", "Durmámonos ahora. Ya es tarde.", "Let's go to sleep nou. It's already", "late"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 401, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.11", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans11", "instruction": "Write the affirmative nosotros command for the following verbs.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. decir", "2. empezar", "3. seguir", "4. irse", "5. despertarse", "6. jugar", "7. esperar", "8. entrar", "9. tomar", "10. cruzar", "11. dormirse", "12. almorzar", "13. comer", "14. descansar", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirse"], "ocrLines": ["1. decir", "2. empezar", "3. seguir", "4. irse", "5. despertarse", "6. jugar", "7. esperar", "8. entrar", "9. tomar", "10. cruzar", "11. dormirse", "12. almorzar", "13. comer", "14. descansar", "15 volver", "1. quedarse", "2. sentarse", "3. levantarse", "4. acostarse", "5. dormirse", "Reading Comprehension", "\"Vaya recto hasta llegar a la iglesia. Cuando llegue a la iglesia, doble a la", "derecha.", "\"Siga recto hasta llegar al ayuntamiento; camine diez minutos más, suba", "una colina, cruce la calle y ya está en la universidad. Si sale ahora, va a", "llegar mucho antes de su primera clase a las diez.\"", "El año era 1987. Eran las siete de una mañana caliente y húmeda como", "siempre era en agosto en Managua. Empecé mi caminata con mucha", "confianza y alegría, siendo muy independiente. Caminé con las direcciones", "escritas en un papelito. Después de quince minutos comencé a prestar", "mucha atención, buscando la iglesia blanca y grande como era la", "descripción de ella. La temperatura siguió subiendo. No vi a nadie para", "pedir direcciones. No hallé ninguna iglesia, ni grande, ni pequeña, ni blanca", "ni de otros colores.", "Desesperada, di la vuelta y seguí la misma pista que me trajo hasta este", "punto y volví a la pensión. Sudada, miré al grupo, todos alegres, comiendo", "el desayuno y charlando.", "\"Nunca vi la iglesia,\" les relaté a los dueños. Mis colegas me miraron sin", "poder aguantar la risa.", "\"Ah,\" me contestaron. \"Ud. no es nicaragüense y no conoce bien ni la", "ciudad ni esta área. Le dirigimos adonde la iglesia estaba antes de la", "guerra.\""], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "digamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sigamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vámonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "despertémonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "juguemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "esperemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "entremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "crucemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "durmámonos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "almorcemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "comamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "volvamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.11 1. digamos 2. empecemos 3. sigamos 4. vámonos 5. despertémonos 6. juguemos 7. esperemos 8. entremos 9. tomemos 10. crucemos 11. durmámonos 12. almorcemos 13. comamos 14. descansemos 15. volvamos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "digamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sigamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vámonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "despertémonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "juguemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "esperemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "entremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tomemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "crucemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "durmámonos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "almorcemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "comamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "descansemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "volvamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. digamos 2. empecemos 3. sigamos 4. vámonos 5. despertémonos 6. juguemos 7. esperemos 8. entremos 9. tomemos 10. crucemos 11. durmámonos 12. almorcemos 13. comamos 14. descansemos 15. volvamos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Affirmative vosotros Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The vosotros form is used only in Spain. The affirmative, familiar plural vosotros command is formed by dropping the final -r of the infinitive and adding -d. There are no exceptions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mirad. Escuchad. Caminad.", "Bebed. Comed. Tened cuidado.", "Id. Salid. Venid. Decid.", "Look. Listen. Walk.", "Drink. Eat. Be careful"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Mirad. Escuchad. Caminad.", "back": "Look. Listen. Walk."}, {"front": "Bebed. Comed. Tened cuidado.", "back": "Drink. Eat. Be careful"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative vosotros command, both the direct and indirect object pronouns are attached to the verb form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Leed el libro. Leedlo.", "Cerrad la puerta. Cerradla.", "Abrid la ventana. Abridla.", "Read the book. Read it.", "Close the door. Close it.", "Open the window. Open it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Leed el libro. Leedlo.", "back": "Read the book. Read it."}, {"front": "Cerrad la puerta. Cerradla.", "back": "Close the door. Close it."}, {"front": "Abrid la ventana. Abridla.", "back": "Open the window. Open it"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the affirmative vosotros command of a reflexive verb, the final -d is dropped before the -os is added:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["despertad + os - -d- = desperta(d)os = despertaos", "Desayunaos. Bañaos.", "Have breakfast. Bathe.", "Poneos la chaqueta. Ponéosla.", "Put on your jacket. Put it on", "Divertíos en vuestras vacaciones.", "Have a good time on your", "pacation"], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Desayunaos. Bañaos.", "back": "Have breakfast. Bathe."}, {"front": "Poneos la chaqueta. Ponéosla.", "back": "Put on your jacket. Put it on"}, {"front": "Divertíos en vuestras vacaciones.", "back": "Have a good time on your"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Negative vosotros Commands"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The negative vosotros command is the same as the subjunctive. The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0402-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No cantéis esa canción.", "No bailéis aquí.", "No comáis este pescado.", "No lo comáis.", "No bebáis el agua.", "No la bebáis.", "No le traigáis el paquete a Susana.", "No se lo tragáis.", "Don't sing that song.", "Don't dance here.", "Don't eat this fish.", "Don't eat it.", "Don't drink the water.", "Don't drink it.", "Don't bring the package to Susan", "Don't bring it to her."], "ocrConfidence": 0.90625, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 402, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0403-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No cerréis aquella puerta.", "No la cerréis.", "No os sentéis en esta silla rota.", "No os vayáis.", "No os caigáis.", "No os preocupéis.", "Don't close that door.", "Don't close it.", "Don't sit down in this broken", "chair.", "Don't go.", "Don't fall.", "Don't worry."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 403, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "For the negative vosotros command, as for the affirmative nosotros command, stem-changing -ir verbs show an irregularity in the command form. Verbs with the e > ie or e > i change in the stem have an -i- in the stem of the vosotros command. Verbs with the o > u change in the stem have a -u- in the stem of the vosotros command. This is the same as is found in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0403-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No mintáis.", "No os muráis.", "No me corrijáis.", "No repitáis vuestra idea.", "No sigáis a un mal líder.", "Don't lie.", "Don't die.", "Don't correct me.", "Don't repeat your idea.", "Don't follow a bad leader"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9821428571428571, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 403, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the vosotros Command"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The vosotros command is used only in Spain. It is good to know this form, however, especially when you begin to read literature by Spanish writers, or if you are planning a trip to Spain."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.12", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans12", "instruction": "Write the Spanish translation for the following commands as quickly as you can, according to the cue in parentheses. You often you have very little time to ask someone to do or not to do something. (Try to say each of the following Spanish commands in five seconds or less.)", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Don't touch it. (tú)", "2. Don't say it to me. (tú)", "3. Don't do it. (tú)", "4. Help me. (Ud.)", "5. Give her the book. (Ud.)", "6. Give it to her. (Ud.)", "7. Don't give it to her. (Ud.)", "8. Kiss me. (tú)", "9. Sit down, please. (Uds.)", "10. Let's begin. (nosotros)", "11. Wait for us. (Uds.)", "12. Go to the right. (Uds.)", "13. Be careful. (tú)", "14. Fill out this form, please. (Ud.)", "15. Don't drink so much. (tú)", "16. Take out the garbage. (tú)", "17. Don't go away. (Ud.)", "18. Don't worry. (Uds.)", "19. Let's follow the directions. (nosotros)", "20. Drive slower, please. (Ud.)", "21. Please stay. (Uds.)", "22. Call me. (tú)", "23. Don't buy anything. (Ud.)", "24. Don't laugh. (Uds.)", "25. Let's go. (nosotros)"], "ocrLines": ["1. Don't touch it. (tú)", "2. Don't say it to me. (tú)", "3. Don't do it. (tú)", "4. Help me. (Ud.)", "The nosotros Command: \"Let us. . .\"", "\"Let's do something,\" or \"Let's not do something\" expresses the nosotros", "command forms. The nosotros command forms are the same as the present", "subjunctive.", "Begin with the present indicative yo form of the verb, and drop the -o.", "That gives you the stem for the command form.", "Cantemos. Bailemos.", "Esperemos un momento.", "Tomemos un café.", "Empecemos la lección.", "Let's sing. Let's dance.", "Let's wait a moment.", "Let's have coffee.", "Let's begin the lesson.", "Salgamos ahora.", "Abramos el libro.", "Leamos este capítulo en clase.", "Let's leave now.", "Let's open the book.", "Let's read this chapter in class.", "The indirect object pronouns and direct object pronouns are attached to the", "affirmative command.", "5. Give her the book. (Ud.)", "6. Give it to her. (Ud.)", "7. Don't give it to her. (Ud.)", "8. Kiss me. (tú)", "9. Sit down, please. (Uds.)", "10. Let's begin. (nosotros)", "11. Wait for us. (Uds.)", "12. Go to the right. (Uds.)", "13. Be careful. (tú)", "14. Fill out this form, please. (Ud.)", "15. Don't drink so much. (tú)", "16. Take out the garbage. (tú)", "17. Don't go away. (Ud.)", "18. Don't worry. (Uds.)", "19. Let's follow the directions. (nosotros)", "20. Drive slower, please. (Ud.)", "21. Please stay. (Uds.)", "22. Call me. (tú)", "23. Don't buy anything. (Ud.)", "24. Don't laugh. (Uds.)", "25. Let's go. (nosotros)", "Digamos la verdad", "Digámosla.", "Hagamos la tarea.", "Hagámosla.", "Traigámosle las flores al maestro.", "Besemos a los niños.", "Besémoslos.", "Crucemos la calle.", "Crucémosla.", "Let's tell the truth.", "Let's tell it.", "Let's do the homework.", "Let's do it.", "Let's bring flowers to the teacher.", "Let's kiss the children.", "Let's kiss them.", "Let's cross the street.", "Let's cross it.", "The negative nosotros command form is the same as the affirmative", "nosotros command form. The object pronouns (reflexive, indirect, and", "direct) precede the command.", "No fumemos.", "No le digamos nada al doctor.", "No les compremos nada.", "No nos acostemos tarde.", "Let's not smoke.", "Let's not say anything to the", "doctor.", "Let's not buy them anything.", "Let's not go to bed late.", "Vamos is used instead of vayamos for let's go. In the negative, vayamos is", "used.", "Vamos al cine. No vayamos", "al museo.", "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go", "to the museum.", "In the affirmative nosotros command form of a reflexive verb, the final -s is", "dropped before the -nos is added."], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ayúdeme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Dele el libro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Déselo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "No se lo dé", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Bésame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Siéntense Uds., por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Espérennos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Vayan a la derecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Ten cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Llene este formulario, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "No bebas tanto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "Saca la basura", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "No se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "No se preocupen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Sigamos las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Maneje más despacio, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "Quédense por favor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "Llámame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "No compre nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "No se rían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "Vamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.12 1. No lo toques. 2. No me lo digas. 3. No lo hagas. 4. Ayúdeme. 5. Dele el libro. 6. Déselo. 7. No se lo dé. 8. Bésame. 9. Siéntense Uds., por favor. 10. Empecemos. 11. Espérennos. 12. Vayan a la derecha. 13. Ten cuidado. 14. Llene este formulario, por favor. 15. No bebas tanto. 16. Saca la basura. 17. No se vaya. 18. No se preocupen. 19. Sigamos las direcciones. 20. Maneje más despacio, por favor. 21. Quédense por favor. 22. Llámame. 23. No compre nada. 24. No se rían. 25. Vamos.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "No lo toques", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No me lo digas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "No lo hagas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ayúdeme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Dele el libro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Déselo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "No se lo dé", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Bésame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Siéntense Uds., por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Empecemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Espérennos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Vayan a la derecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Ten cuidado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Llene este formulario, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "No bebas tanto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "Saca la basura", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "No se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "No se preocupen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Sigamos las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Maneje más despacio, por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "Quédense por favor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "Llámame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "No compre nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "No se rían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "Vamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. No lo toques. 2. No me lo digas. 3. No lo hagas. 4. Ayúdeme. 5. Dele el libro. 6. Déselo. 7. No se lo dé. 8. Bésame. 9. Siéntense Uds., por favor. 10. Empecemos. 11. Espérennos. 12. Vayan a la derecha. 13. Ten cuidado. 14. Llene este formulario, por favor. 15. No bebas tanto. 16. Saca la basura. 17. No se vaya. 18. No se preocupen. 19. Sigamos las direcciones. 20. Maneje más despacio, por favor. 21. Quédense por favor. 22. Llámame. 23. No compre nada. 24. No se rían. 25. Vamos."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "21.13", "ansAnchor": "ch21ans13", "instruction": "Subjunctive, present indicative, or infinitive? Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["As you read the following story, underline the command forms."], "prompts": ["1. Quiero que Ud. ___________________. (quedarse)", "2. ¿Qué quieres que yo te ___________________? (decir)", "3. Es importante ___________________ bien. (comer)", "4. Esperamos que Jorge y su hermana ___________________. (mejorase)", "5. Paulina sabe que yo la ___________________. (buscar)", "6. Es cierto que a los niños les ___________________ jugar. (gustar)", "7. No me gusta que ella ___________________ a verme. (venir)", "8. Los turistas buscan un hotel que ___________________ cómodo. (ser)", "9. No sabemos quien ___________________ ser presidente. (querer)", "10. Ojalá que toda la familia nos ___________________. (visitar)", "11. Helena nos dice que el tren ___________________. (llegar)", "12. El profesor les dice a los estudiantes que ___________________ la tarea. (hacer)", "13. Vamos a estar alegres cuando ___________________ un buen apartamento. (comprar)", "14. Me alegro ___________________ aquí. Me alegro de que tú ___________________ aquí también. (estar/estar)", "15. Antes de ___________________ al concierto, las mujeres se visten bien. (ir)", "16. ¿Es verdad que a la gente le ___________________ usar la computadora? (gustar)", "17. Espero que a Uds. les ___________________ esta lección. (gustar)", "18. Mi amigo me va a esperar hasta que yo lo ___________________. (llamar)", "19. Buscamos una piscina que ___________________ limpia. (estar)", "20. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que ___________________ tocar el violín? (saber)", "21. ¿Sabe ella de donde ___________________ tú? (ser)", "22. Yo le aconsejo a Alicia que ella ___________________ al dentista. (ir)", "23. Es imposible que la mayoría siempre ___________________ razón. (tener)", "24. Dudo que ___________________ mucho tráfico hoy. (haber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "se mejoren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "busco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "compremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "estar, estés", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "llame", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "21.13 1. se quede 2. diga 3. comer 4. se mejoren 5. busco 6. gusta 7. venga 8. sea 9. quiere 10. visite 11. llega 12. hagan 13. compremos 14. estar, estés 15. ir 16. gusta 17. guste 18. llame 19. esté 20. sepa 21. eres 22. vaya 23. tenga 24. haya", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se quede", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "diga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "se mejoren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "busco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "venga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "sea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "quiere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "visite", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "llega", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "hagan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "compremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "estar, estés", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "llame", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "esté", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "sepa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "eres", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "haya", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se quede 2. diga 3. comer 4. se mejoren 5. busco 6. gusta 7. venga 8. sea 9. quiere 10. visite 11. llega 12. hagan 13. compremos 14. estar, estés 15. ir 16. gusta 17. guste 18. llame 19. esté 20. sepa 21. eres 22. vaya 23. tenga 24. haya"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La Noche de Brujas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Ven acá m’hija,” dijo su padre. “Ven acá para que yo pueda verte de cerca. Qué bonita estás en tu disfraz.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Vuelve a las nueve como nos prometiste,” le pidió su madre. “Y no hables con nadie, sino con tu grupito de chicas.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Sí, no se preocupen.” Y después, le murmura a su papá para que su mamá no la oiga: “Tú sabes, papá, que mamá va a seguirme, escondiéndose, detrás de los árboles.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Eres muy lista. Yo no sabía que tú sabías. Ten cuidado, niñita, y no cruces la calle sin mirar en ambas direcciones.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Sí, sí, papá.” Les cantó a sus padres el canto de la Noche de Brujas: “Triqui triqui Halloween, quiero dulces para mí,” y se fue."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El papá las mira salir; primero su hija, y después su esposa. Sus dos mujeres; una mayor, la otra menor. Él se sienta en su sillón favorito, en la casa cómoda, entre sus libros. Pasan las nueve; pasan las diez y nadie llegó. Empezó a oír todos los sonidos de la casa, el reloj, la radio, el viento contra la ventana, menos el sonido que él quería oír—las voces de su esposa e hija, llenas de cuentos de sus aventuras."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esconderse", "murmurar", "ser listo", "to hide", "to mumble, to whisper", "to be clever (Estar listo means to be ready.)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "esconderse", "back": "to hide"}, {"front": "murmurar", "back": "to mumble, to whisper"}, {"front": "ser listo", "back": "to be clever (Estar listo means to be ready.)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombre"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el disfraz.", "the disguise"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "el disfraz.", "back": "the disguise"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0406-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["m' hija", "grupito", "niñita", "triqui triqui", "my daughter (combination of mi and hija;", "a term of affection)", "small group (When you add -ito or -ita to a word,", "it makes the object smaller or less.)", "dear girl (When you add -ito or -ita to a word,", "it can be a term of affection.)", "trick or treat (from the sound of English trick or treat"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 406, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Adónde van la madre e hija?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué no va con ellas el papá?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Piensa Ud. que ellas van a regresar?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Es una familia feliz o infeliz?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch22", "number": 22, "title": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Nouns and Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A noun is a person, place, or thing. In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. The definite article (el, la, los, las), agrees with its noun in gender and number, as does the indefinite article (uno, una, unos, unas)."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most of the time, inclusion of the article in Spanish is the same as it is in English."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0409-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El carro rojo cuesta treinta mil", "dólares.", "La comida estaba deliciosa.", "Los guantes de cuero son costosos.", "Las revistas están en la mesa.", "Una muchacha fue al concierto.", "Un adulto la acompañó.", "Unos músicos tocaron bien.", "Unas personas salieron contentas.", "The red car costs 30,000 dollars", "The meal was delicious.", "The leather gloves are expensive", "The magazines are on the table.", "A girl went to the concert.", "An adult accompanied her.", "Some musicians played well.", "Some people left happy."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 409, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Similarly, omission of the article in Spanish often corresponds to English usage."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Escuchamos música.", "Escuchamos la música clásica.", "El hombre enfermo toma", "medicina.", "Él toma la medicina que", "el doctor le dio.", "We listen to music.", "We listen to the classical music", "The sick man takes medicine.", "He takes the medicine that the", "doctor gave to him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Escuchamos música.", "back": "We listen to music."}, {"front": "Escuchamos la música clásica.", "back": "We listen to the classical music"}, {"front": "El hombre enfermo toma", "back": "The sick man takes medicine."}, {"front": "Él toma la medicina que", "back": "He takes the medicine that the"}, {"front": "el doctor le dio.", "back": "doctor gave to him."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 409, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the Definite Article"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Even without many rules, you will be able to use the articles effectively."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish does not translate a/an when stating an unmodified profession. If the profession is modified, the indefinite article (un/una) becomes necessary."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "UNMODIFIED", "MODIFIED", "Juan es pintor.", "Juan is a painter.", "Juan es un pintor maravilloso. Juan is a wonderful painter", "Paula es doctora.", "Paula is a doctor.", "Paula es una buena doctora.", "Paula is a good doctor.", "José es maestro.", "Joseph is a teacher.", "José es un mal maestro.", "Joseph is a bad teacher.", "Eres estudiante.", "You are a student.", "Eres una estudiante fantástica. You are a fantastic student."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with days of the week. The English word on is not translated."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella salió el martes.", "Ramón va a volver el sábado.", "Tenemos clase los jueves.", "She left on Tuesday.", "Ramón is going to return on", "Saturday.", "We have class on Thursdays"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ella salió el martes.", "back": "She left on Tuesday."}, {"front": "Ramón va a volver el sábado.", "back": "Ramón is going to return on"}, {"front": "Tenemos clase los jueves.", "back": "We have class on Thursdays"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only time the article is omitted when expressing the day of the week is following a form of ser."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hoy es miércoles.", "¿Qué día es? Hoy es viernes.", "Today is Wednesday.", "What day is it? Today is Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Hoy es miércoles.", "back": "Today is Wednesday."}, {"front": "¿Qué día es? Hoy es viernes.", "back": "What day is it? Today is Friday"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with seasons of the year, even though the English equivalent may not include it."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0410-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La primavera es bonita.", "El verano es ideal.", "Me encanta viajar en el otoño.", "No nos gusta esquiar en el", "inverno", "Spring is beautiful.", "Summer is ideal.", "To travel in the autumn enchants", "me.", "To ski in the winter is not pleasing"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 410, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used after forms of gustar and verbs that are used like gustar (for example, doler, encantar, fascinar, importar), whether the English translation includes it or not."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gustan los vegetales.", "A Paula le encanta el cine.", "A Fernando y a sus amigos les", "importa la verdad.", "Vegetables are pleasing to me.", "Movies are very pleasing to Paula", "The truth is important to", "Fernando and his friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Me gustan los vegetales.", "back": "Vegetables are pleasing to me."}, {"front": "A Paula le encanta el cine.", "back": "Movies are very pleasing to Paula"}, {"front": "A Fernando y a sus amigos les", "back": "The truth is important to"}, {"front": "importa la verdad.", "back": "Fernando and his friends."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The Spanish definite article never follows a form of haber. Nouns, adjectives, and indefinite articles can follow haber, but not the definite article (el, la, los, las)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hay una persona aquí.", "Había algunos libros en la mesa,", "pero ahora no los veo.", "No hay ningún buen hotel por", "aquí.", "Hay poca gente en la ciudad.", "Hubo mucho tráfico ayer.", "Había dos fiestas el día de las", "madres.", "There is one person here.", "There were some books on the", "table, but now I don't see them", "There is not one good hotel", "around here.", "There are few people in the city.", "There was a lot of traffic", "yesterday.", "There were two parties on", "Mother's Day."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the verb hablar is followed by the name of a language, the definite article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella habla español, pero no", "habla inglés.", "Los portugueses hablan francés", "y portugués.", "She speaks Spanish, but she", "doesn't speak English.", "The Portuguese speak French", "and Portuguese."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Ella habla español, pero no", "back": "She speaks Spanish, but she"}, {"front": "habla inglés.", "back": "doesn't speak English."}, {"front": "Los portugueses hablan francés", "back": "The Portuguese speak French"}, {"front": "y portugués.", "back": "and Portuguese."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used in front of each noun if there is more than one noun stated, as in a series."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0411-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El museo tiene el arte,", "la escultura y los dibujos.", "El estudiante tiene el lápiz.,", "la pluma y la computadora", "en su carte", "The museum has art, sculpture", "and drawings.", "The student has the pencil,", "the pen, and the computer", "in his room."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9716981132075472, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "El museo tiene el arte,", "back": "The museum has art, sculpture"}, {"front": "la escultura y los dibujos.", "back": "and drawings."}, {"front": "El estudiante tiene el lápiz.,", "back": "The student has the pencil,"}, {"front": "la pluma y la computadora", "back": "the pen, and the computer"}, {"front": "en su carte", "back": "in his room."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 411, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used with the name of subject matter."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Enrique estudia la ley.", "María escribe la historia de", "su país.", "Platón enseñó la filosofía.", "Oscar y Fernanda escriben", "sobre el periodismo.", "Henry studies law.", "María writes the history of her", "country.", "Plato taught philosophy.", "Oscar and Fernanda write about", "journalism."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before a noun in a general statement."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los cigarrillos son malos.", "El agua es buena.", "Cigarettes are bad", "Water is good."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Los cigarrillos son malos.", "back": "Cigarettes are bad"}, {"front": "El agua es buena.", "back": "Water is good."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before abstract nouns."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La sinceridad es importante.", "La honestidad es rara.", "Sincerity is important", "Honesty is rare."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "La sinceridad es importante.", "back": "Sincerity is important"}, {"front": "La honestidad es rara.", "back": "Honesty is rare."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used to refer to all members of a class."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los delfines son inteligentes.", "Las computadoras son necesarias.", "Los bebés duermen mucho.", "Dolphins are intelligent.", "Computers are necessary", "Babies sleep a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Los delfines son inteligentes.", "back": "Dolphins are intelligent."}, {"front": "Las computadoras son necesarias.", "back": "Computers are necessary"}, {"front": "Los bebés duermen mucho.", "back": "Babies sleep a lot."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used in front of a personal title in Spanish, even when it is not used in the English equivalent."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El señor Muñoz está aquí.", "La profesora Hernández llegó", "ayer.", "La señorita López cantó anoche.", "Mr. Muñoz is here.", "Professor Hernández arrived", "yesterday.", "Ms. López sang last night."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9393939393939394, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "El señor Muñoz está aquí.", "back": "Mr. Muñoz is here."}, {"front": "La profesora Hernández llegó", "back": "Professor Hernández arrived"}, {"front": "La señorita López cantó anoche.", "back": "Ms. López sang last night."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is omitted before a personal title when the person is being addressed directly."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0412-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Hola, señorita López.", "Hello, Ms. López.", "¿Cómo está Ud., señor Rodríguez? How are you, Mr. Rodriguezi"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Hola, señorita López.", "back": "Hello, Ms. López."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 412, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The definite article is not used in front of don/doña or Santo/San/Santa. Santo is used only before words beginning with Do- or To- (Santo Domingo and Santo Tomás, for example). Santo becomes San when used before words beginning with any other letters."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Don Juan tiene una mala", "reputación.", "Doña Barbara vive en Santo", "Domingo.", "Santa Clara y Santo Tomás la", "visitan allá.", "San Pedro quiere ir a San Juan.", "Desean ver San Diego, California.", "Don Juan has a bad reputation", "Doña Barbara lives in Santo", "Domingo.", "Saint Clara and Saint Thomas", "visit her there.", "Saint Peter wants to go to", "San Juan.", "They want to see San Diego,", "California."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The definite article is used before nouns of measurement, where it carries the meaning per."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Pagamos cien dólares la libra.", "Los bananos cuestan cincuenta", "centavos el kilo.", "Ella vendió el perfume a diez", "dólares la onza.", "We pay 100 dollars per pound.", "The bananas cost 50 cents per kilo", "She sold the perfume at $10", "per ounce."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When two nouns are joined by de to form a compound noun, the definite article is omitted before the second noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella tiene un dolor de cabeza.", "A ella le gusta la casa de vidrio.", "María leyó dos libros de historia.", "La novia recibió un anillo de", "diamantes.", "She has a headache.", "She likes the glass house.", "María read two history books.", "The girlfriend received a diamond", "ring."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The article is omitted before ordinal numbers in the names of kings, queens, and other rulers."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carlos V (quinto)", "Louis XIV (catorce)", "Carlos the fifth", "Louis the fourteenth"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Carlos V (quinto)", "back": "Carlos the fifth"}, {"front": "Louis XIV (catorce)", "back": "Louis the fourteenth"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Before an apposition, which is a noun or noun phrase that is used in the same way and describes the same thing as the noun before it, the definite article is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cervantes, escritor, era de", "España.", "Hugo Chávez, presidente de", "Venezuela, fue elegido en 2000.", "Cervantes, the writer, was from", "Spain.", "Hugo Chávez, president of", "Venezuela, was elected in 2000"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Cervantes, escritor, era de", "back": "Cervantes, the writer, was from"}, {"front": "España.", "back": "Spain."}, {"front": "Hugo Chávez, presidente de", "back": "Hugo Chávez, president of"}, {"front": "Venezuela, fue elegido en 2000.", "back": "Venezuela, was elected in 2000"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 413, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0414-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Baryshnikov, bailarín, empezó", "a bailar en Moscú.", "Bogotá, capital de Colombia,", "tiene una población de siete", "millones de habitantes.", "Baryshnikov, the dancer, began", "to dance in Moscow.", "Bogotá, capital of Colombia,", "has a population of seven", "million inhabitants."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Bogotá, capital of Colombia,", "back": "to dance in Moscow."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 414, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.1", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans1", "instruction": "Definite article or not? Complete the following sentences with the correct definite article where it is necessary. Mark an X where no article is needed.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Quiero que mi hermano me dé ___________________ libro de ___________________ medicina.", "2. Yo soy ___________________ abogado pero no me gusta ___________________ ley.", "3. Francamente, yo fumo pero sé que ___________________ cigarrillos son malos para ___________________ salud.", "4. ¿Qué quiere hacer ___________________ verano que viene?", "5. El gobernador tuvo un accidente y le dolieron mucho ___________________ costillas.", "6. ¿Son buenas ___________________ computadoras?", "7. Hugo Chávez, ___________________ presidente de Venezuela, le da gasolina a ___________________ gente pobre.", "8. A ___________________ familia le encantan ___________________ vacaciones.", "9. Sinceramente, el mesero no sabe si ___________________ comida está buena en este restaurante."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el, X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "los, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "la, las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.1 1. el, X 2. X, la 3. los, la 4. el 5. las 6. las 7. X, la 8. la, las 9. la", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el, X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "los, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "X, la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "la, las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el, X 2. X, la 3. los, la 4. el 5. las 6. las 7. X, la 8. la, las 9. la"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A possessive adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A short-form possessive adjective precedes the noun it modifies."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mi, mis my"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0414-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi cumpleaños es bueno.", "Mis regalos son malos.", "My birthday is good", "My gifts are bad."], "ocrConfidence": 0.875, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Mi cumpleaños es bueno.", "back": "My birthday is good"}, {"front": "Mis regalos son malos.", "back": "My gifts are bad."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 414, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tu, tus your (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu jardín tiene muchas flores.", "Tus hijos siembran las semillas.", "Your garden has many flowers", "Your children sow the seeds."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Tu jardín tiene muchas flores.", "back": "Your garden has many flowers"}, {"front": "Tus hijos siembran las semillas.", "back": "Your children sow the seeds."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "su, sus your (Ud./Uds. forms), his, her, their"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Su hermano tiene varias casas.", "Sus amigos lo visitan.", "Your brother has several houses", "(also possible: His/Her/Their", "brother)", "His friends visit him.", "(also possible: Your/Her/Their", "friends)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Su hermano tiene varias casas.", "back": "Your brother has several houses"}, {"front": "Sus amigos lo visitan.", "back": "His friends visit him."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, a single form (su/sus) expresses the third-person possessive for your (Ud./Uds. forms), his, her, and their. This means that su/sus can be ambiguous, so the construction noun + de + pronoun is often used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El hermano de Ud. tiene varias", "casas.", "Los amigos de él lo visitan.", "Your brother has several houses", "His friends visit him."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El hermano de Ud. tiene varias", "back": "Your brother has several houses"}, {"front": "Los amigos de él lo visitan.", "back": "His friends visit him."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nuestro abuelo es viejo.", "Nuestra abuela es mayor:", "Nuestros hermanos son jóvenes.", "Nuestras hijas son menores.", "Our grandfather is old.", "Our grandmother is older.", "Our siblings are young.", "Our daughters are younger"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Nuestro abuelo es viejo.", "back": "Our grandfather is old."}, {"front": "Nuestra abuela es mayor:", "back": "Our grandmother is older."}, {"front": "Nuestros hermanos son jóvenes.", "back": "Our siblings are young."}, {"front": "Nuestras hijas son menores.", "back": "Our daughters are younger"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like vosotros, this form is used only in Spain. It is explained here so that you will be aware of it, but when you need the word for your in Spanish, use su/sus."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Vuestro sobrino tiene suficiente", "dinero.", "Vuestra sobrina vive en Portugal.", "Vuestros tíos viven en España.", "Vuestras parientes van a viajar", "a ambos países.", "Your nephew has enough money", "Your niece lives in Portugal.", "Your uncles and aunts live in", "Spain.", "Your (female) relatives are going", "to travel to both countries."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Vuestro sobrino tiene suficiente", "back": "Your nephew has enough money"}, {"front": "Vuestra sobrina vive en Portugal.", "back": "Your niece lives in Portugal."}, {"front": "Vuestras parientes van a viajar", "back": "Your (female) relatives are going"}, {"front": "a ambos países.", "back": "to travel to both countries."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 415, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.2", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate possessive adjective from the list below.", "extra": ["mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus, nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras"], "prompts": ["1. Soy estudiante: ___________________ libros están en la mesa.", "2. Él es un buen profesor; ___________________ cursos son interesantes.", "3. Ellos son abogados; ___________________ clientes pueden ser culpables o inocentes.", "4. Nuestra amiga es maestra; ___________________ padres enseñan también.", "5. Ella es mi suegra; ___________________ casa está en México.", "6. El cuñado de Cecilia es carpintero: ___________________ nombre es Manuel.", "7. Liliana está en Texas; ___________________ familia vive en Arizona.", "8. Vivo con cuatro amigos, un gato y un conejo; ___________________ casa es grande.", "9. Somos principiantes; ___________________ tarea es difícil.", "10. La hija de Beatriz es doctora; ___________________ hijo es arquitecto."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.2 1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. sus 5. su 6. su 7. su 8. nuestra 9. nuestra 10. su", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mis", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "sus", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "su", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mis 2. sus 3. sus 4. sus 5. su 6. su 7. su 8. nuestra 9. nuestra 10. su"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish also has a set of long-form possessive adjectives that are used to stress one possessor over another:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This is my car, not your car."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "They are used less frequently than the short-form possessive adjectives."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are placed after the noun, and they agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. All have four forms that indicate both gender and number."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are used to emphasize the possessor, and they are the equivalent of the English of mine, of yours, of his, of hers, of theirs, of ours."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Long-form possessive adjectives are used in direct address and exclamations: ¡Dios mío! for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "mío, mía, míos, mías my, of mine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu carro es viejo. El carro mío", "es nuevo.", "Tu casa es azul. La casa mía", "es blanca.", "Queridos amigo míos, ¿cómo", "están Uds.?", "Your car is old. My car is new.", "Your house is blue. My house", "is white.", "Dear friends of mine, how are", "you?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas your (tú form), of yours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No me gusta mi apartamento.", "Prefiero el apartamento tuyo.", "Mis plumas no tienen tinta.", "¿Me puedes prestar las plumas", "tuyas?", "I don't like my apartment.", "I prefer your apartment.", "My pens have no ink.", "Can you lend me your pensi"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "No me gusta mi apartamento.", "back": "I don't like my apartment."}, {"front": "Prefiero el apartamento tuyo.", "back": "I prefer your apartment."}, {"front": "Mis plumas no tienen tinta.", "back": "My pens have no ink."}, {"front": "¿Me puedes prestar las plumas", "back": "Can you lend me your pensi"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "suyo, suya, suyos, suyas your (Ud./Uds. forms), of yours; his, of his; her, of hers; their, of theirs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tomás y Helena están aquí.", "Necesito el carro suyo.", "¿El carro de él o el carro de ella?", "Thomas and Helen are here.", "I need his car.", "(also possible: her/their car)", "His car or her car?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that in Spanish there is only one form for the third-person possessive adjective. This means that suyo/suya/suyos/suyas can be ambiguous. The construction noun + de + pronoun or noun is used to clarify the meaning."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0417-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Sara y José escriben cuentos.", "Los artículos de ella son", "aburridos, pero los artículos", "suyos son interesantes.", "A Ana le agrada David.", "Ana es una amiga suya.", "A David le agrada Ana.", "David es un amigo suyo.", "Las ideas suyas son estupendas.", "iLas ideas de quiénes?", "L as ideas de Uds.", "Sara and Joe write short stories.", "Her articles are boring, but his", "articles are interesting.", "Ana likes David.", "Ana is a friend of his.", "David likes Ana.", "David is a friend of hers.", "The ideas of yours/his/her/theirs", "are great.", "The ideas of whom?", "Your ideas."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Sara y José escriben cuentos.", "back": "A Ana le agrada David."}, {"front": "Los artículos de ella son", "back": "Ana es una amiga suya."}, {"front": "aburridos, pero los artículos", "back": "A David le agrada Ana."}, {"front": "suyos son interesantes.", "back": "David es un amigo suyo."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 417, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras our, of ours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. tiene una familia grande.", "La familia nuestra es pequeña.", "Los parientes de Enrique viven", "en Ecuador.", "Los parientes nuestros viven", "en Inglaterra.", "You have a big family.", "Our family is small.", "Henry's relatives live in Ecuador", "Our relatives live in England."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras your (vosotros form), of yours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mis amigos son de los Estados", "Unidos.", "Los amigos vuestros son", "de España.", "Mis primas viven en California.", "Las primas vuestras viven", "en Madrid", "My friends are from the United", "States.", "Your friends are from Spain.", "My cousins live in California.", "Your cousins live in Madrid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Long-form possessive adjectives can also occur with the indefinite article— un, uno, una, unos, unas."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0418-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Un estudiante suyo recibe", "buenas notas.", "El maestro explica una idea", "nuestra.", "Unos amigos míos van de", "vacaciones.", "Unas amigas tuyas prefieren", "trabajar.", "A student of yours receives", "good marks.", "The teacher explains an idea", "of ours.", "Some friends of mine are going", "on vacation.", "Some friends of yours prefer", "to work."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Un estudiante suyo recibe", "back": "A student of yours receives"}, {"front": "buenas notas.", "back": "good marks."}, {"front": "El maestro explica una idea", "back": "The teacher explains an idea"}, {"front": "nuestra.", "back": "of ours."}, {"front": "Unos amigos míos van de", "back": "Some friends of mine are going"}, {"front": "vacaciones.", "back": "on vacation."}, {"front": "Unas amigas tuyas prefieren", "back": "Some friends of yours prefer"}, {"front": "trabajar.", "back": "to work."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 418, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.3", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive adjective, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Querido amigo _________________, ¿vienes a visitarme? (of mine)", "2. El libro _________________ es más pesado que el libro _________________. (yours/mine)", "3. Tus zapatos son viejos; los zapatos _________________ son costosos y nuevos. (of hers)", "4. A los dos compañeros de cuarto siempre se les pierden las llaves. Afortunadamente, tienen otras llaves _________________. (of theirs)", "5. Unas primas _________________ quieren ir a México; la otra no quiere viajar. (of mine)", "6. La idea de Ofelia es mala; la idea _________________ es mejor. (our)", "7. Favor de venir acá, hijo _________________. (of mine)", "8. Los guantes de Rebeca son de cuero; los guantes _________________ son de algodón. (of theirs)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "suyo/tuyo, mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "suyas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "mías", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.3 1. mío 2. suyo/tuyo, mío 3. suyos 4. suyas 5. mías 6. nuestra 7. mío 8. suyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "suyo/tuyo, mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "suyas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "mías", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "nuestra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mío 2. suyo/tuyo, mío 3. suyos 4. suyas 5. mías 6. nuestra 7. mío 8. suyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A pronoun takes the place of a noun. A possessive pronoun tells who owns or possesses the noun it is replacing."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Your bicycle is yellow. Mine is red."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mine is used instead of my bicycle, and it is a possessive pronoun because it replaces the noun, bicycle, and tells who owns the noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A possessive pronoun agrees in number and gender with the thing possessed."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• A possessive pronoun is similar to the possessive adjective. In most sentences and questions, it is used with the definite article."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The definite article is omitted before the possessive pronoun only when the possessive pronoun is followed by a form of ser."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el mío, la mía, los míos, las mías mine"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0419-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Tu carro es nuevo; el mío es", "viejo y feo.", "Tu casa es grande; la mía tiene", "cuatro cuartos.", "Yo sé que tus amigos están aquí,", "pero ¿dónde están los míos?", "Your car is new; mine is old", "and ugly.", "Your house is big; mine has", "four rooms.", "I know that your friends are here", "but where are mine?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Tu carro es nuevo; el mío es", "back": "Your car is new; mine is old"}, {"front": "viejo y feo.", "back": "and ugly."}, {"front": "Tu casa es grande; la mía tiene", "back": "Your house is big; mine has"}, {"front": "cuatro cuartos.", "back": "four rooms."}, {"front": "Yo sé que tus amigos están aquí,", "back": "I know that your friends are here"}, {"front": "pero ¿dónde están los míos?", "back": "but where are mine?"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 419, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Notice how important gender is in the use of possessive pronouns in Spanish. It is clear that el mío replaces tu carro, because it is masculine. Similarly, la mía replaces su casa because it is feminine."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas yours (tú form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No tengo una pluma. ¿Puedo", "usar la tuya?", "Dejé mis libros en la oficina.", "¿Me puedes prestar los tuyos?", "I don't have a pen. May I use", "yours?", "I left my books in the office.", "Can you lend me yours?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "No tengo una pluma. ¿Puedo", "back": "I don't have a pen. May I use"}, {"front": "usar la tuya?", "back": "yours?"}, {"front": "Dejé mis libros en la oficina.", "back": "I left my books in the office."}, {"front": "¿Me puedes prestar los tuyos?", "back": "Can you lend me yours?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas yours (Ud./Uds. forms), his, hers, theirs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Compré mi libro ayer.", "¿ Compró Ud. el suyo?", "La casa de Susana es grande.", "Mi casa es pequeña.", "No me gusta la mía. Prefiero", "la suya.", "Jaime no tiene mis zapatos.", "Tengo los suyos.", "David no sabe dónde están", "mis llaves.", "Las suyas están en el carro.", "I bought my book yesterday.", "Did you buy yours?", "Susan's house is big.", "My house is small.", "I don't like mine. I prefer hers", "Jim doesn't have my shoes.", "I have his.", "David doesn't know where", "my keys are.", "His are in the car."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the third-person possessive pronouns, both singular and plural, are often ambiguous. Prefiero la suya can be translated as I prefer his, I prefer yours, or I prefer theirs, in addition to I prefer hers. It can be clarified in the following manner: Prefiero la casa de él / de ella / de Ud. / de ellos / de ellas / de Uds."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el nuestro, la nuestra, los nuestros, las nuestras ours"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La guitarra de Gloria es vieja.", "La nuestra es nueva y costosa.", "Elena tiene su propio radio.", "No quiere el nuestro.", "¿Dónde pusieron Uds. sus libros?", "Encontramos los nuestros", "en el estudio.", "Gloria's guitar is old.", "Ours is new and expensive.", "Elena has her oun radio.", "She doesn't want ours.", "Where did you put your books!", "We found ours in the study."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "el vuestro, la vuestra, los vuestros, las vuestras yours (vosotros form)"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0420-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi tren llega de Barcelona", "el lunes.", "El vuestro llega de Madrid.", "My train arrives from Barcelona", "on Monday.", "Yours arrives from Madrid."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Mi tren llega de Barcelona", "back": "My train arrives from Barcelona"}, {"front": "el lunes.", "back": "on Monday."}, {"front": "El vuestro llega de Madrid.", "back": "Yours arrives from Madrid."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 420, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0421-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mis revistas están encima", "del piano.", "No puedo ver las vuestras.", "My magazines are on top", "of the piano.", "I can't see yours."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "del piano.", "back": "of the piano."}, {"front": "No puedo ver las vuestras.", "back": "I can't see yours."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 421, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.4", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El himno nacional de Canadá es más bonito que _________________. (ours)", "2. Nuestros tíos vinieron a vernos ayer. ¿Cuándo vienen _________________? (yours)", "3. Enrique quiere vender su cámara. Me gusta _________________, pero voy a comprar _________________. (his/yours)", "4. La mujer quería llevar su chaqueta en clase, pero yo tenía calor, y me quité _________________. (mine)", "5. Los hijos de Sonia se duermen a las ocho todas las noches; _________________ se duermen a las nueve. (ours)", "6. Esta alcoba es más pequeña que _________________. (mine)", "7. Este hotel de tres estrellas es menos cómodo que _________________. (ours)", "8. ¿Cuál de los pasteles desea Ud.? El pastel que deseo es más sabroso que _________________. (yours)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "los suyos / los tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "la suya, la suya / la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.4 1. el nuestro 2. los suyos / los tuyos 3. la suya, la suya / la tuya 4. la mía 5. los nuestros 6. la mía 7. el nuestro 8. el suyo", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "los suyos / los tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "la suya, la suya / la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "la mía", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "el nuestro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el nuestro 2. los suyos / los tuyos 3. la suya, la suya / la tuya 4. la mía 5. los nuestros 6. la mía 7. el nuestro 8. el suyo"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Omission of the Article Following ser with Possessive Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a possessive pronoun follows any form of ser, the article (el, la, los, las) is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0421-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El gusto es mío.", "La casa es mía.", "Los zapatos son míos.", "Estas opiniones son mías.", "El vestido es tuyo.", "La corbata es tuya.", "The pleasure is mine.", "The house is mine.", "The shoes are mine.", "These opinions are mine", "The dress is yours.", "The tie is yours."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9883720930232558, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "El gusto es mío.", "back": "The pleasure is mine."}, {"front": "La casa es mía.", "back": "The house is mine."}, {"front": "Los zapatos son míos.", "back": "The shoes are mine."}, {"front": "Estas opiniones son mías.", "back": "These opinions are mine"}, {"front": "El vestido es tuyo.", "back": "The dress is yours."}, {"front": "La corbata es tuya.", "back": "The tie is yours."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 421, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0422-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los trajes son tuyos.", "Las faldas son tuyas.", "El piano es suyo.", "La guitarra es suya.", "Los tambores son suyos.", "Las flautas son suyas.", "El violín es nuestro.", "La computadora es nuestra.", "Los coches son nuestros.", "Las bicicletas son nuestras.", "The suits are yours.", "The skirts are yours.", "The piano is yours.", "(also possible: is his/her/theirs)", "The guitar is his.", "(also possible: is yours/hers/theirs)", "The drums are hers.", "(also possible: are yours/his/theirs)", "The flutes are theirs.", "(also possible: are yours/his/hers)", "The violin is ours.", "The computer is ours.", "The cars are ours.", "The bicycles are ours."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 422, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.5", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses. In these sentences, it appears after a form of ser.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El libro es _________________. (mine)", "2. Estos espejos son _________________. (yours)", "3. Los mapas son _________________. (ours)", "4. Los gatos son _________________. (his)", "5. La planta es _________________. (hers)", "6. La televisión es _________________. (theirs)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "suyos/tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.5 1. mío 2. suyos/tuyos 3. nuestros 4. suyos 5. suya 6. suya", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "suyos/tuyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "suyos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "suya", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. mío 2. suyos/tuyos 3. nuestros 4. suyos 5. suya 6. suya"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.6", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronoun, according to the cue in parentheses. In these sentences, it appears after a word other than a form of ser.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Mi libro está aquí. ¿Dónde está _________________? (yours)", "2. El chaleco guatemalteco cuesta veinte pesos. ¿Cuánto cuesta _________________? (his)", "3. El maestro tiene su libro. ¿Quién tiene _________________? (mine)", "4. Los carros de Jaime son costosos; son mejores que _________________. (ours)", "5. No tengo una buena maleta para mi viaje. ¿Me puedes prestar _________________? (yours)", "6. ¿Hay platos para la fiesta? ¿Nos pueden Uds. traer _________________? (yours)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el suyo / el tuyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el mío", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los suyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.6 1. el suyo / el tuyo 2. el suyo 3. el mío 4. los nuestros 5. la tuya 6. los suyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el suyo / el tuyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el suyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el mío", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "los nuestros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "la tuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los suyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el suyo / el tuyo 2. el suyo 3. el mío 4. los nuestros 5. la tuya 6. los suyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Relative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Relative pronouns are related to a noun that has been previously stated."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Que, meaning that, which, or who, is the most commonly used, all-purpose relative pronoun in Spanish. Referring to persons, places, or things, it comes right after the noun to which it refers."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Este hombre, que habla mucho,", "es mi amigo.", "Tengo la información que", "necesitas.", "This man, who talks a lot,", "is my friend.", "I have the information that", "you need."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8297872340425532, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Este hombre, que habla mucho,", "back": "This man, who talks a lot,"}, {"front": "es mi amigo.", "back": "is my friend."}, {"front": "Tengo la información que", "back": "I have the information that"}, {"front": "necesitas.", "back": "you need."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Que is also used after prepositions. As the object of a preposition, que refers to a thing or things only, not to a person or persons."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El edificio en que vivo es viejo.", "Tengo la pluma con que él", "escribe.", "Los libros de que hablo son", "interesantes.", "The building in which I live is old", "I have the pen with which he", "writes.", "The books of which I am speaking", "are interesting."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "El edificio en que vivo es viejo.", "back": "The building in which I live is old"}, {"front": "Tengo la pluma con que él", "back": "I have the pen with which he"}, {"front": "escribe.", "back": "writes."}, {"front": "Los libros de que hablo son", "back": "The books of which I am speaking"}, {"front": "interesantes.", "back": "are interesting."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Quien"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Quien means who and is used instead of que when a form of ser is used in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0423-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Es ella quien canta bien.", "Son ellos quienes bailan.", "Soy yo quien escribe.", "It is she who sings well", "It is they who dance.", "It is I who is writing."], "ocrConfidence": 0.8297872340425532, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Es ella quien canta bien.", "back": "It is she who sings well"}, {"front": "Son ellos quienes bailan.", "back": "It is they who dance."}, {"front": "Soy yo quien escribe.", "back": "It is I who is writing."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 423, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Quien and quienes, meaning whom, are used after prepositions to refer to people."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella es la mujer con quien", "Eduardo vive.", "El cantante a quien conozco", "llegó hoy.", "Los estudiantes a quienes vi", "aver no están aquí hoy.", "She is the woman with whom", "Ed lives.", "The singer whom I know arrived", "today.", "The students whom I sau", "yesterday are not here today."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Ella es la mujer con quien", "back": "She is the woman with whom"}, {"front": "Eduardo vive.", "back": "Ed lives."}, {"front": "El cantante a quien conozco", "back": "The singer whom I know arrived"}, {"front": "llegó hoy.", "back": "today."}, {"front": "Los estudiantes a quienes vi", "back": "The students whom I sau"}, {"front": "aver no están aquí hoy.", "back": "yesterday are not here today."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cuyo, which means whose, can serve as a relative pronoun or relative ad-jective. It most often acts as an adjective, however, because it typically precedes the noun that it modifies and agrees with it in gender and number."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los niños cuya familia vive lejos", "se sienten solos.", "El hombre cuyo libro tengo se", "fue ayer.", "La doctora cuyos clientes son", "exigentes trabaja duro.", "El guitarrista cuyas canciones", "son originales gana mucho", "dinero", "The children whose family lives", "far away feel lonely.", "The man whose book I have left", "yesterday.", "The doctor whose clients are", "demanding works hard.", "The guitarist whose songs are", "original earns a lot of money."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Lo que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo que means that which and is often translated as what. It is a neuter relative pronoun and refers to an abstract idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0424-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Julia siempre entiende lo que", "le enseñamos.", "Lo que quiero decirles es", "la verdad", "Lo que Ud. hizo me sorprendió.", "Fernando tiene lo que necesitas.", "¿Oyen Uds. lo que yo oigo?", "Julia always understands what", "we teach her. (Julia always", "understands that which we", "teach her.)", "What I want to say to you is", "the truth.", "What you did surprised me.", "Fernando has what you need.", "Do you hear what I hear?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Julia siempre entiende lo que", "back": "we teach her. (Julia always"}, {"front": "le enseñamos.", "back": "understands that which we"}, {"front": "Lo que quiero decirles es", "back": "teach her.)"}, {"front": "la verdad", "back": "What I want to say to you is"}, {"front": "Lo que Ud. hizo me sorprendió.", "back": "the truth."}, {"front": "Fernando tiene lo que necesitas.", "back": "What you did surprised me."}, {"front": "¿Oyen Uds. lo que yo oigo?", "back": "Fernando has what you need."}, {"front": "Julia always understands what", "back": "Do you hear what I hear?"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 424, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When lo que is used to mean whatever, it is followed by the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0425-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El día de tu cumpleaños, puedes", "hacer lo que quieras.", "On your birthday, you can do", "whatever you want."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El día de tu cumpleaños, puedes", "back": "On your birthday, you can do"}, {"front": "hacer lo que quieras.", "back": "whatever you want."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 425, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.7", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the appropriate relative pronoun. Choose from the list below.", "extra": ["lo que, que, quien, quienes, cuyo"], "prompts": ["1. Sabemos _________________ Luisa sabe.", "2. Los hombres, _________________ jugaban tenis contra sus esposas, perdían.", "3. Este hotel, en _________________ pasamos nuestras vacaciones, es maravilloso.", "4. Samuel y su hermano, _________________ viven en el décimo piso, son carpinteros.", "5. Graciela tiene dos nietos con _________________ viaja.", "6. Ella tiene un bastón con _________________ caminar.", "7. _________________ Raúl hace no le sirve.", "8. ¿Eres tú _________________ baila bien?", "9. Somos nosotros _________________ cantan bien.", "10. ¿Entendieron Uds. _________________ yo les enseñé?", "11. ¿Compraste la casa _________________ me gustó?", "12. No tengo nadie con _________________ hablar.", "13. A este hombre _________________ esposa tiene tres coches no le gusta manejar.", "14. Mi mejor amigo, _________________ hermanos bailan y cantan, toca bien el violín."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.7 1. lo que 2. que 3. que 4. que 5. quienes 6. que 7. Lo que 8. quien 9. quienes 10. lo que 11. que 12. quien 13. cuya 14. cuyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. lo que 2. que 3. que 4. que 5. quienes 6. que 7. Lo que 8. quien 9. quienes 10. lo que 11. que 12. quien 13. cuya 14. cuyos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.8", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans8", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Rita vendió la casa que me gustó.", "2. Lo que Ud. dijo era verdad.", "3. No sé si este hombre conocido, que estudia la filosofía, quiere ir a Grecia con sus amigos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Rita sold the house that I liked", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "What you said was true", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.8 1. Rita sold the house that I liked. 2. What you said was true. 3. I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Rita sold the house that I liked", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "What you said was true", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Rita sold the house that I liked. 2. What you said was true. 3. I don’t know if this well-known man, who studies philosophy, wants to go to Greece with his friends."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El que, la que, los que, las que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El que and its related forms are translated as that, which, who, the one that, the ones that, the one who, and the ones who. They refer to people or things, show gender and number, and can be used instead of que for emphasis or clarification. Que is used much more in conversation, while the forms of el que are used more in written Spanish. This form is not commonly used in speech as a connector. It is good to know these forms, but for conversation, you’ll probably use que."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0426-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Mi hermana, la que es baja,", "compró tacones.", "El turista, el que llegó ayer, está", "cansado.", "Las mesas, las que son de vidrio,", "son caras.", "Mis sobrinos, los que estudian", "la ley, quieren ser abogados.", "My sister, who is short, bought", "high heels.", "The tourist, the one who arrived", "yesterday, is tired.", "The tables, the ones that are made", "of glass, are expensive.", "My nephews, who study law,", "want to be lawyers."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "Mi hermana, la que es baja,", "back": "My sister, who is short, bought"}, {"front": "compró tacones.", "back": "high heels."}, {"front": "El turista, el que llegó ayer, está", "back": "The tourist, the one who arrived"}, {"front": "cansado.", "back": "yesterday, is tired."}, {"front": "Las mesas, las que son de vidrio,", "back": "The tables, the ones that are made"}, {"front": "son caras.", "back": "of glass, are expensive."}, {"front": "Mis sobrinos, los que estudian", "back": "My nephews, who study law,"}, {"front": "la ley, quieren ser abogados.", "back": "want to be lawyers."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 426, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El cual and its related forms also mean that, which, or who. They are interchangeable with el que, la que, los que, and las que. Like the latter forms, these are used more in writing than in speech."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "This form replaces que when there is some doubt about the reference, or if the relative pronoun is at a distance from the antecedent. These relative pronouns also show gender and number, so they are used to avoid confusion when there is more than one possible noun to which they might refer."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0427-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El padre de mi amiga, el cual", "es científico, fue a Alemania", "a estudiar.", "La madre de Federico, la cual", "canta y baila, es actriz.", "Los hermanos de Susana,", "los cuales trabajan en España,", "hablan español.", "Las hijas de Gabriel, las cuales", "están alegres, viajan mucho.", "My friend's father, who is", "a scientist, went to Germany", "to study.", "Fred's mother, who sings and", "dances, is an actress.", "Susan's brothers, who work in", "Spain, speak Spanish.", "Gabriel's daughters, the ones", "who are happy, travel a lot."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 427, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El cual and its related forms are most frequently used after prepositions other than a, de, con and en. They are especially common with compound prepositions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0427-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La razón por la cual Isabel viaja", "es un misterio.", "Había una guerra durante la cual", "muchas personas murieron.", "Éste es el edificio enfrente del", "cual vi el accidente.", "Éstas son las calles debajo de", "las cuales hay varias líneas", "de metro.", "Aquí está la fuente detrás de", "la cual Lorenzo y Laura", "se enamoraton.", "The reason why Isabel", "travels is a mystery.", "There was a war during which", "many people died.", "This is the building in front", "of which I saw the accident.", "These are the streets under which", "there are several subway lines.", "Here is the fountain behind which", "Lorenzo and Laura fell in love."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 427, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE La razón por la cual is translated the reason why in English. Literally, the translation is the reason through which."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.9", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate relative pronoun.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Es ella ___________________ lo ama.", "2. Yo sabía ___________________ los estudiantes estaban alegres.", "3. Muchas personas murieron durante la guerra ___________________ no era necesaria.", "4. La razón por ___________________ Paulina y Raúl se enamoraron es obvia.", "5. Las vacas y los búfalos comen hierba, ___________________ dan leche.", "6. Susana necesita un bastón con ___________________ andar.", "7. Ella necesita una persona con ___________________ estar.", "8. Es un buen barrio en ___________________ vivir.", "9. ¿Cuál es el tema de ___________________ tú hablas?", "10. ¿A ___________________ buscan Uds.?", "11. ¿Es ésta la puerta por ___________________ entramos?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "que / la que / la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "las que / las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "quien / quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.9 1. quien 2. que 3. que / la que / la cual 4. la cual 5. las que / las cuales 6. que 7. quien 8. que 9. que 10. quien / quienes 11. la cual", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "que / la que / la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "las que / las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "que", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "quien / quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quien 2. que 3. que / la que / la cual 4. la cual 5. las que / las cuales 6. que 7. quien 8. que 9. que 10. quien / quienes 11. la cual"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns look similar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Adjectives"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0428-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Masculine", "este", "estos", "ese", "esos", "aquel", "aquellos", "Feminine", "esta", "estas", "esa", "esas", "aquella", "aquellas", "this", "these", "that", "those", "that (over there)", "those (over there)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 428, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Demonstrative Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Demonstrative pronouns carry a written accent."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The demonstrative pronoun replaces the noun. Whereas este libro means this book, éste (referring to el libro) means this one and replaces el libro (the book). The pronunciation is the same for both forms."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["NEAR THE SPEAKER", "NEAR THE LISTENER", "FAR FROM BOTH", "SPEAKER AND LISTENER", "Masculine", "éste", "éstos", "ése", "ésos", "aquél", "aquéllos", "Feminine", "ésta", "éstas", "ésa", "ésas", "aquélla", "aquéllas", "this one", "these (ones)", "that one", "those (ones)", "that one (over there)", "those (over there)", "Los zapatos suyos son más", "Your shoes are more elegant", "elegantes que éstos que están", "than these that are in the", "en la ventana.", "window.", "Estos perros feroces ladran", "mucho, pero aquéllos son", "These wild dogs bark a lot,", "but those (over there) are", "mansos.", "tame.", "Nos gusta este carro, pero vamos", "We like this car, but we are going", "a comprar ése.", "to buy that one.", "Esta vista de la ciudad es", "This view of the city is beautiful,", "hermosa, pero prefiero ésa.", "but I prefer that one.", "The demonstrative pronoun is also used to express former and latter.", "Dos personas, Julia y Ana,", "Two people, Julia and Ana, love", "se quieren mucho.", "each other a lot.", "Ésa es alta y delgada; ésta es", "The former is tall and thin;", "baja y cariñosa.", "the latter is short and", "affectionate."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9743589743589743, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "NEAR THE SPEAKER", "back": "éste"}, {"front": "ésta", "back": "this one"}, {"front": "NEAR THE LISTENER", "back": "ése"}, {"front": "ésa", "back": "that one"}, {"front": "FAR FROM BOTH", "back": "aquél"}, {"front": "aquélla", "back": "that one (over there)"}, {"front": "SPEAKER AND LISTENER", "back": "aquéllos"}, {"front": "aquéllas", "back": "those (over there)"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns that do not carry written accents. They refer to an object that is not known, a statement, or a general idea."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["esto", "eso", "aquello", "this", "that", "that (farther away in place or time)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "esto", "back": "this"}, {"front": "aquello", "back": "that (farther away in place or time)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0429-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué es esto?", "¡Eso es imposible!", "Aquello me molesta.", "What is this?", "That is impossible!", "That annoys me."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¡Eso es imposible!", "back": "That is impossible!"}, {"front": "Aquello me molesta.", "back": "That annoys me."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 429, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mi viaje"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy preparándome para mis vacaciones en México y se me perdió el pasaporte. ¿Es necesario que yo tenga un pasaporte? Pienso que sí. ¿A quién le pregunto? Debo llamar a mi amigo Juan que viaja mucho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ojalá que sepa. El año pasado viajó a Oaxaca, una ciudad en México la cual está a seis horas por bus desde la capital. Le gustó mucho o me dijo que le gustó."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy pensando en ir a los Galápagos también donde las tortugas viven más de cien años y los animales y los pájaros actúan como dueños de la isla porque no les tienen miedo a los turistas, los cuales pasean por las islas todo el día, día tras día. Si Juan no está en casa, lo voy a llamar a su celular, el que lleva consigo todo el tiempo. ¿Cuál es su número de teléfono? Se me olvidó."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0430-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["actuar", "olvidarse", "pasear", "perderse", "to act", "to forget (by accident)", "to take a walk, to stroll", "to lose (by accident)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 430, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preposición"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0430-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["consigo", "with himself"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 430, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Adónde quiere viajar el protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Quién es Juan?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Puede Ud. describir los Galápagos?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo son los animales de la isla?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Neuter lo + Adjective Used as a Noun"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo followed by the masculine form of an adjective acts as a noun."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lo difícil es pensar por sí mismo.", "Lo más importante es preguntar.", "Lo mejor de todo es poder vivir", "bien.", "Se ve lo bueno y lo malo por", "todas partes.", "The difficult thing is to think", "for oneself.", "The most important thing is", "to ask.", "The best (thing) of all is to be able", "to live well.", "One sees the good and the bad", "everywhere."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The neuter article lo followed by de means the matter of, the issue of."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Lo de la mujer le interesa a José.", "Lo de la tecnología le fascina", "al científico.", "The matter of the woman", "interests Joe.", "The issue of technology interests", "the scientist"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressions with lo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["lo antes posible", "lo más posible", "lo más pronto posible", "lo menos posible", "as soon as possible", "the most possible", "the fastest possible", "the least possible"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "lo antes posible", "back": "as soon as possible"}, {"front": "lo más posible", "back": "the most possible"}, {"front": "lo más pronto posible", "back": "the fastest possible"}, {"front": "lo menos posible", "back": "the least possible"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 431, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.10", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the article: el, la, los, las, or lo. In some cases, the article is part of the contraction al. Remember that the article may also be omitted. If no article is needed, mark an X.", "extra": ["Hoy es (1.) ___________________ domingo, (2.) ___________________ 27 de junio. Eduardo fue (3.) ___________________ cine ayer. Le gustó (4.) ___________________ película María Llena de Gracia. (5.) ___________________ público le gustó mucho también. Me dijo que (6.) ___________________ bueno de la película era (7.) ___________________ de (8.) ___________________ vida actual en Bogotá, (9.) ___________________ capital de Colombia. A Eduardo todo (10.) ___________________ del cine le interesa. Él va todos (11.) ___________________ sábados por (12.) ___________________ noche. Cuando tiene tiempo, estudia (13.) ___________________ historia del cine. A veces, (14.) ___________________ películas que ve son malas, pero no le importa. (15.) ___________________ importante es que Eduardo goza mucho de (16.) ___________________ experiencia. A mí no me gusta ir (17.) ___________________ cine. Prefiero (18.) ___________________ teatro donde (19.) ___________________ actores actúan ante nosotros. Cuando yo fui joven, quería ser (20.) ___________________ actriz, pero a la edad de cuarenta, decidí hacerme (21.) ___________________ directora."], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.10 1. X 2. el 3. al 4. la 5. Al 6. lo 7. lo 8. la 9. X 10. lo 11. los 12. la 13. la 14. las 15. Lo 16. la 17. al 18. el 19. los 20. X 21. X", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "las", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Lo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "la", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "al", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "el", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "los", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "X", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. X 2. el 3. al 4. la 5. Al 6. lo 7. lo 8. la 9. X 10. lo 11. los 12. la 13. la 14. las 15. Lo 16. la 17. al 18. el 19. los 20. X 21. X"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.11", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas, quien, or quienes. Use each relative pronoun only one time.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. La radio de mi hermano, ___________________ me gustó, era un regalo de mi amigo.", "2. Olivia es la persona de ___________________ hablábamos.", "3. La ciudad construyó un nuevo rascacielos desde ___________________ hay vistas maravillosas.", "4. Los estudiantes ___________________ maestro es excelente ganaron todos los premios académicos.", "5. Conozco a esa mujer ___________________ madre es de Colombia.", "6. Roberto y Jorge vinieron a vernos, ___________________ son de México.", "7. Los muchachos con ___________________ el jefe hablaba son los mejores estudiantes de la clase.", "8. Este hombre, ___________________ opiniones son interesantes, se llama Teodoro.", "9. Tengo buenas gafas por ___________________ puedo ver bien.", "10. A Leonardo le molesta su vecino ___________________ perros ladran toda la noche."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el cual", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "cuyo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "los cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "cuyas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.11 1. la cual 2. quien 3. el cual 4. cuyo 5. cuya 6. los cuales 7. quienes 8. cuyas 9. las cuales 10. cuyos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "la cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "quien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el cual", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "cuyo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cuya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "los cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "quienes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "cuyas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "las cuales", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "cuyos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. la cual 2. quien 3. el cual 4. cuyo 5. cuya 6. los cuales 7. quienes 8. cuyas 9. las cuales 10. cuyos"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Adjectives Used as Nouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Spanish adjectives can be used as nouns when the noun they modify is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0433-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me gusta la camisa azul.", "También me gusta la camisa roja.", "A Paula le gusta la camisa roja.", "Le gusta la roja.", "Íbamos a comprar un carro viejo,", "pero cambiamos la decisión", "y escogimos el carro nuevo.", "Escogimos el nuevo.", "No nos gustó el viejo.", "¿Por qué compró Ana la casa azul,", "si le gusta la casa amarilla?", "¿Por qué no compró la amarilla?", "The blue shirt is pleasing to me.", "The red shirt is also pleasing", "to me.", "The red shirt is pleasing to Paula.", "The red one is pleasing to her.", "We were going to buy an old car,", "but we changed our mind", "and we chose the new car.", "We chose the new one.", "The old one wasn't pleasing to us", "Why did Ana buy the blue house,", "if the yellow house is pleasing", "to her?", "Why didn't she buy the yellow"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Me gusta la camisa azul.", "back": "A Paula le gusta la camisa roja."}, {"front": "También me gusta la camisa roja.", "back": "Le gusta la roja."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 433, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "22.12", "ansAnchor": "ch22ans12", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct adjective used as a noun, according to the cue in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre viejo no camina bien. La mujer vieja usa un bastón. Los dos viejos dan un paseo cada mañana. (the two old people)"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Por qué no te gusta este nuevo restaurante chino? ¿Prefieres ___________________? (the old one)", "2. Los dos carros son económicos: uno es verde; el otro es blanco. Voy a comprar ___________________. (the white one)", "3. Al hombre le gustan dos apartamentos: un apartamento grande y costoso y otro apartamento mediano y barato. Decide comprar ___________________. (the big one)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "el viejo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "el blanco", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "el grande", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "22.12 1. el viejo 2. el blanco 3. el grande", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "el viejo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "el blanco", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "el grande", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. el viejo 2. el blanco 3. el grande"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Pronouns Used as Nouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronouns are words that refer to a noun or take the place of a noun."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El de, la de, los de, las de"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The articles el, la, los, las followed by de can replace a noun when that noun is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0434-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro de Olivia y el (libro) de", "su hermano son interesantes.", "Tu blusa y la (blusa) de María son", "hermosas.", "Los perros feroces viven en", "el campo.", "Los de mi hermano son animales", "domesticados.", "Estas camisas son caras.", "Las de Alicia son baratas.", "Olivia's book and that of her", "brother are interesting.", "Your blouse and that of María", "are beautiful.", "The wild dogs live in the", "countryside.", "My brother's are pets.", "(My brother's = Those of my", "brother = My brother's dogs", "These shirts are expensive.", "Alice's are cheap.", "(Alice's = Those of Alice =", "Alice's shirts)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8552631578947368, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 434, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "El que, la que, los que, las que"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The articles el, la, los, las followed by que can replace a noun when that noun is omitted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0434-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los dos hombres son amigos.", "El que se llama Alonso juega", "al baloncesto.", "Hay dos mujeres que aman", "a David.", "La que está a su lado es", "su esposa.", "Hay documentos en mi", "escritorio.", "Los que están en el banco son", "de mi sobrina.", "The two men are friends.", "He who is called Alonso plays", "basketball.", "There are two women who love", "David.", "The one who is at his side is", "his wife.", "There are documents on my", "writing table.", "Those that are in the bank are", "my niece's."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 434, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Pronunciation Practice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice the following selection aloud."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Los maderos de San Juan Un poema por José Asunción Silva"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "José Asunción Silva nació en 1865 y se murió en 1896 en Bogotá, Colombia. Él comparte con Rubén Darío y otros la estética literaria conocida bajo el nombre de modernismo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y aserrín"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "aserrán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los maderos"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "de San Juan"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "piden queso,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "piden pan;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Roque"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Alfandoque;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Rique,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Alfeñique;"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "los de Trique,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Triquitrán."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Trique, trique, trique, tran!"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡Trique, trique, trique, tran!"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0435-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aserrán", "aserrín", "los maderos", "nonsense word", "saudust", "logs"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "aserrán", "back": "nonsense word"}, {"front": "los maderos", "back": "logs"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 435, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo fatal Un poema por Rubén Darío"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Rubén Darío nació en 1867 en Metapa, Nicaragua, y se murió en su país en 1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dichoso el árbol que es apenas sensitivo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y más la piedra dura porque ésa ya no siente,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "pues no hay dolor más grande que el dolor de ser vivo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ni mayor pesadumbre que la vida consciente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ser, y no saber nada, y ser sin rumbo cierto,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y el temor de haber sido y un futuro terror…"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y el espanto seguro de estar mañana muerto,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y sufrir por la vida y por la sombra y por"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "lo que no conocemos y apenas sospechamos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y la carne que tienta con sus frescos racimos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "y la tumba que aguarda con sus fúnebres ramos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¡y no saber adónde vamos,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "ni de dónde venimos!..."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aguardar", "haber sido", "sospechar", "tentar", "to keep", "to have been (present perfect tense)", "to suspect", "to tempt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "aguardar", "back": "to keep"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el espanto", "la pesadumbre", "los racimos", "los ramos", "el rumbo", "the fright", "the sorrow", "the clusters/bunches", "the bouquets", "the path"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "el espanto", "back": "the fright"}, {"front": "la pesadumbre", "back": "the sorrow"}, {"front": "los racimos", "back": "the clusters/bunches"}, {"front": "los ramos", "back": "the bouquets"}, {"front": "el rumbo", "back": "the path"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0436-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apenas", "sin rumbo", "hardly", "without direction"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9680851063829787, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "sin rumbo", "back": "without direction"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 436, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. Según el poema, ¿por qué son dichosos el árbol y la piedra?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿De qué sufre el poeta?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es el tema del poema?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la opinión de Ud. acerca de las ideas del poema?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch23", "number": 23, "title": "The Present Perfect Tense", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses past action closely related to the present."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect is a compound tense formed with the present tense of the helping verb haber and the past participle of the main verb. The English equivalent of haber + past participle is to have done something. In the present tense, it corresponds to the present perfect in English: I have eaten there many times, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that we are waiting for, but that hasn’t yet happened"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that began in the past and continues to the present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that has happened at various times in the past and may happen again"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Participle"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past participle of all -ar verbs, drop the ending and add -ado to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0438-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["alquilar", "apretar", "aumentar", "alquilado", "apretado", "aumentado", "horrado", "rented", "squeezed, tightened", "increased, augmented", "erased"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "apretar", "back": "apretado / squeezed, tightened"}, {"front": "aumentar", "back": "aumentado / increased, augmented"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 438, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decepcionar", "empujar", "estacionar", "estar", "llegar", "marcar", "tomar", "usar", "viajar", "decepcionado", "empujado", "estacionado", "estado", "llegado", "marcado", "tomado", "usado", "viajado", "disappointed", "pushed", "parked", "been", "arrived", "dialed, marked", "taken", "used", "traveled"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "-Er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past participle of most -er and -ir verbs, drop the ending and add -ido to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber", "comer", "entender", "perder", "ser", "torcer", "bebido", "comido", "entendido", "perdido", "sido", "torcido", "drunk", "eaten", "understood", "lost", "been", "tristed."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "beber", "back": "bebido / drunk"}, {"front": "comer", "back": "comido / eaten"}, {"front": "entender", "back": "entendido / understood"}, {"front": "perder", "back": "perdido / lost"}, {"front": "ser", "back": "sido / been"}, {"front": "torcer", "back": "torcido / tristed."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["advertir", "añadir", "convertir", "dormir", "hervir", "ir", "oprimir", "recibir", "advertido", "añadido", "convertido", "dormido", "hervido", "ido", "oprimido", "recibido", "warned", "added", "converted", "slept", "boiled", "gone", "pressed", "receired"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "advertir", "back": "advertido / warned"}, {"front": "añadir", "back": "añadido / added"}, {"front": "convertir", "back": "convertido / converted"}, {"front": "dormir", "back": "dormido / slept"}, {"front": "hervir", "back": "hervido / boiled"}, {"front": "ir", "back": "ido / gone"}, {"front": "oprimir", "back": "oprimido / pressed"}, {"front": "recibir", "back": "recibido / receired"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 439, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In all regular past participles, the Spanish d is pronounced like the soft th sound in English other. Practice the pronunciation of past participles with a th sound."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel have a written accent above the -i- in the past participle to maintain the -ido sound."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atraer", "caer", "creer", "leer", "oír", "traer", "atraído", "caído", "creído", "leído", "oído", "traído", "attracted", "fallen", "believed", "read", "heard", "brought"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9333332909478081, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "atraer", "back": "atraído / attracted"}, {"front": "caer", "back": "caído / fallen"}, {"front": "creer", "back": "creído / believed"}, {"front": "leer", "back": "leído / read"}, {"front": "oír", "back": "oído / heard"}, {"front": "traer", "back": "traído / brought"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs that end in -uir do not carry a written accent in the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["construir", "destruir", "huir", "construido", "destruido", "huido", "constructed", "destroyed", "fled"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "construir", "back": "construido / constructed"}, {"front": "destruir", "back": "destruido / destroyed"}, {"front": "huir", "back": "huido / fled"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Past Participles"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Following are the 12 basic irregular past participles in Spanish. Pronounce each of them as you learn them."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["abrir", "cubrir", "decir", "escribir", "freír", "hacer", "morir", "poner", "pudrir", "romper", "ver", "volver", "abierto", "cubierto", "dicho", "escrito", "frito", "hecho", "muerto", "puesto", "podrido", "roto", "visto", "vielto", "opened", "covered", "told, said", "written", "fried", "done", "died", "put", "rotted", "broken", "seen", "returned."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9444444444444444, "cardCount": 12, "cards": [{"front": "abrir", "back": "abierto / opened"}, {"front": "cubrir", "back": "cubierto / covered"}, {"front": "decir", "back": "dicho / told, said"}, {"front": "escribir", "back": "escrito / written"}, {"front": "freír", "back": "frito / fried"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "hecho / done"}, {"front": "morir", "back": "muerto / died"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "puesto / put"}, {"front": "pudrir", "back": "podrido / rotted"}, {"front": "romper", "back": "roto / broken"}, {"front": "ver", "back": "visto / seen"}, {"front": "volver", "back": "vielto / returned."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a prefix is added to any of the irregular verbs above, the past participle shows the same irregularity."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["describir", "descubrir", "devolver", "disolver", "descrito", "descubierto", "devuelto", "disuelto", "described", "discovered", "returned (an object)", "dissolved"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8809523809523809, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "describir", "back": "descrito / described"}, {"front": "descubrir", "back": "descubierto / discovered"}, {"front": "devolver", "back": "devuelto / returned (an object)"}, {"front": "disolver", "back": "disuelto / dissolved"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 440, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0441-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["envolver", "oponer", "resolver", "envuelto", "opuesto", "resuelto", "wrapped", "opposed"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9185184902615018, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 441, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.1", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans1", "instruction": "Write the past participle of the following verbs. Pronounce each past participle aloud, and make sure you know the meaning of the verb.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. jugar", "2. buscar", "3. conocer", "4. entrar", "5. devolver", "6. ser", "7. estar", "8. dar", "9. ver", "11. romper", "12. tener", "13. querer", "14. hacer", "15. decir", "16. ir", "17. abrir", "18. cerrar", "19. morir", "1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo."], "ocrLines": ["1. jugar", "2. buscar", "3. conocer", "4. entrar", "5. devolver", "6. ser", "7. estar", "8. dar", "9. ver", "10 escribir", "11. romper", "12. tener", "13. querer", "14. hacer", "15. decir", "16. ir", "17. abrir", "18. cerrar", "19. morir", "20 amar", "aserrín", "nonsense word", "sawdust", "logs", "Reading Comprehension", "Lo fatal", "Un poema por Rubén Darío", "Rubén Darío nació en 1867 en Metapa, Nicaragua, y se murió en su país en", "1916. Es considerado como la figura más representativa del modernismo.", "y el temor de haber sido y un futuro terror...", "lo que no conocemos у apenas sospechamos,", "iy no saber adónde vamos,"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "jugado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "buscado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conocido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "entrado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "devuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "escrito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "roto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "abierto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "cerrado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "amado", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.1 1. jugado 2. buscado 3. conocido 4. entrado 5. devuelto 6. sido 7. estado 8. dado 9. visto 10. escrito 11. roto 12. tenido 13. querido 14. hecho 15. dicho 16. ido 17. abierto 18. cerrado 19. muerto 20. amado", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "jugado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "buscado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conocido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "entrado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "devuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "escrito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "roto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "abierto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "cerrado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "amado", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. jugado 2. buscado 3. conocido 4. entrado 5. devuelto 6. sido 7. estado 8. dado 9. visto 10. escrito 11. roto 12. tenido 13. querido 14. hecho 15. dicho 16. ido 17. abierto 18. cerrado 19. muerto 20. amado"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the present perfect tense in Spanish, conjugate the helping verb haber (the English auxiliary verb to have) in the present tense and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0441-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo he comido", "tú has hablado", "él ha vuelto", "nosotros hemos sonreído", "vosotros habéis ido", "ellos han dicho", "I have eaten", "you have spoken", "he has returned", "we have smiled", "you have gone", "they have said"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9185184902615018, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 441, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The verb haber is used as an auxiliary or helping verb to form the perfect tenses. The verb tener means to have in the sense of possession: yo tengo dos libros. Tener is never used as an auxiliary verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The helping verb haber cannot be separated from the past participle. In a question, place the subject after the verb form."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0442-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Dónde han estado Uds.?", "¿Han salido las mujeres?", "Where have you been!", "Have the women left?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.896551724137931, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Dónde han estado Uds.?", "back": "Where have you been!"}, {"front": "¿Han salido las mujeres?", "back": "Have the women left?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 442, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.2", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the correct past participle of the verb in parentheses. Practice pronouncing each phrase aloud.", "extra": ["Complete the following phrases with the correct form of the present perfect tense of the verb in parentheses."], "prompts": ["1. yo he ___________________ (ser)", "2. tú has ___________________ (tener)", "3. ella ha ___________________ (poder)", "4. nosotros hemos ___________________ (estar)", "5. vosotros habéis ___________________ (querer)", "6. ellas han ___________________ (saber)", "7. yo he ___________________ (decir)", "8. tú has ___________________ (dar)", "9. Ud. ha ___________________ (volver)", "10. nosotros hemos ___________________ (poner)", "11. vosotros habéis ___________________ (hacer)", "12. Uds. han ___________________ (llegar)", "13. yo ___________________ (dormir)", "14. tú ___________________ (romper)", "15. ella ___________________ (abrir)", "16. nosotros ___________________ (estar)", "17. vosotros ___________________ (escribir)", "18. ellas ___________________ (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "podido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "sabido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "puesto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "llegado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "he dormido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "has roto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "ha abierto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "hemos estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "habéis escrito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "han visto", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.2 1. sido 2. tenido 3. podido 4. estado 5. querido 6. sabido 7. dicho 8. dado 9. vuelto 10. puesto 11. hecho 12. llegado 13. he dormido 14. has roto 15. ha abierto 16. hemos estado 17. habéis escrito 18. han visto", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "tenido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "podido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "sabido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "puesto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "llegado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "he dormido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "has roto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "ha abierto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "hemos estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "habéis escrito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "han visto", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. sido 2. tenido 3. podido 4. estado 5. querido 6. sabido 7. dicho 8. dado 9. vuelto 10. puesto 11. hecho 12. llegado 13. he dormido 14. has roto 15. ha abierto 16. hemos estado 17. habéis escrito 18. han visto"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses an action closely related to the present. Its English equivalent corresponds to the present perfect tense in English."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect tense expresses the following:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that we are waiting for, but that hasn’t yet happened"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that began in the past and continues to the present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• An action that has happened at various times in the past and may happen again"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Por qué han apagado Uds.", "las luces?", "¿Has comido ya?", "Los viajeros no han vuelto de", "México todavía.", "¿Jamás ha estado en Europa?", "He andado por este pueblo antes.", "Why have you turned off", "the lights?", "Have you already eaten?", "The travelers haven't returned", "from Mexico yet.", "Have you ever been in Europe?", "I have walked through this town", "before."], "ocrConfidence": 0.967391304347826, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The words jamás (meaning ever in an affirmative sentence or question), ya (meaning already), and todavía (meaning still or yet) frequently occur in sentences using the present perfect tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action Waited for or Hoped for"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Todavía no he llamado.", "Mis invitados no han llegado.", "I haven't called yet.", "(I might still call.)", "My guests haven't arrived"], "ocrConfidence": 0.967391304347826, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Mis invitados no han llegado.", "back": "My guests haven't arrived"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the following sentences. The first sentence of each pair is in the preterit and the second is in the present perfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0443-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["No llamaron.", "No han llamado.", "No llegaron.", "No han llegado.", "They didn't call.", "(The action is complete.)", "They haven't called.", "(There is a possibility that they", "will call.)", "They didn't arrive.", "They haven't arrived."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 443, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action That Began in the Past and Continues to the Present"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["He dormido aquí por cinco horas.", "Hemos vivido en Londres por", "dos meses.", "I have slept here for five hours", "We have lived in London for"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "He dormido aquí por cinco horas.", "back": "I have slept here for five hours"}, {"front": "Hemos vivido en Londres por", "back": "We have lived in London for"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Action That Happened in the Past and May Happen Again"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Often the actions expressed can be counted."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Eva ha estado en Nueva York", "tres veces.", "¿Cuantas veces han comido Uds.", "en este restaurante?", "Hemos comido allí cinco veces.", "¿Cuántas veces han visitado", "México?", "Camillo ha visitado México siete", "veces; Antonio ha ido dos", "veces.", "Yo he viajado a la ciudad de", "México cuatro veces. Me he", "quedado en el mismo hotel", "dos veces.", "Eva has been in New York", "three times.", "How many times have you eaten", "in this restaurant?", "We have eaten there fie times.", "How many times have they visited", "Mexico?", "Camillo has visited Mexico seven", "times; Antonio has gone two", "times.", "I have traveled to Mexico City", "four times. I have stayed in the", "same hotel twice."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Object Pronouns with the Present Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are placed directly before the helping verb. This is the only possible position for object pronouns used with the present perfect tense. The object pronouns are never attached to the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0444-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ellos no me han llamado.", "¿Por qué no le has hablado", "a Oscar?", "Paula se lo ha dicho.", "Yo te he devuelto el dinero.", "Yo la he visto antes.", "They haven't called me.", "Why haven't you spoken to Oscar!", "Paula has said it to you.", "I have returned the money to you.", "I have seen her before."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 444, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0445-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Te has duchado hoy?", "El doctor se ha lavado las manos", "tres veces.", "No nos hemos levantado todavía.", "Have you showered today?", "The doctor has washed his hands", "three times.", "We haven't gotten up yet."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "¿Te has duchado hoy?", "back": "Have you showered today?"}, {"front": "El doctor se ha lavado las manos", "back": "The doctor has washed his hands"}, {"front": "tres veces.", "back": "three times."}, {"front": "No nos hemos levantado todavía.", "back": "We haven't gotten up yet."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 445, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.3", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present perfect tense of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Laura nos ___________________ la carta. (traer)", "2. Nosotros todavía no la ___________________. (recibir)", "3. Los hoteleros no me ___________________. (llamar)", "4. Sus hermanos nunca le ___________________ dinero. (prestar)", "5. ¿Por qué jamás me ___________________ tú? (amar)", "6. Por fin, mis amigos ___________________. (volver)", "7. El bisabuelo que tenía cien años ___________________. (morirse)", "8. ¿Adónde ___________________ ellos? (irse)", "9. Uds. ___________________ bien el trabajo. (hacer)", "10. Tus colegas siempre ___________________ bien de ti. (hablar)", "11. Irene y su hermano jamás ___________________. (viajar)", "12. Yo la ___________________ recientemente. (ver)", "13. Yo no ___________________ dormir. (poder)", "14. Ellas ya ___________________. (acostarse)", "15. Nosotros ___________________ a otra casa. (mudarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ha traído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hemos recibido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "han llamado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "han prestado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "has amado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "han vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se ha muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se han ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "han hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "han hablado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "han viajado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "he visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "he podido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "se han acostado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "nos hemos mudado", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.3 1. ha traído 2. hemos recibido 3. han llamado 4. han prestado 5. has amado 6. han vuelto 7. se ha muerto 8. se han ido 9. han hecho 10. han hablado 11. han viajado 12. he visto 13. he podido 14. se han acostado 15. nos hemos mudado", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ha traído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hemos recibido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "han llamado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "han prestado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "has amado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "han vuelto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se ha muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se han ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "han hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "han hablado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "han viajado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "he visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "he podido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "se han acostado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "nos hemos mudado", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ha traído 2. hemos recibido 3. han llamado 4. han prestado 5. has amado 6. han vuelto 7. se ha muerto 8. se han ido 9. han hecho 10. han hablado 11. han viajado 12. he visto 13. he podido 14. se han acostado 15. nos hemos mudado"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive form of the helping verb haber is used after a preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0445-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de haber llegado", "a tiempo.", "Ella se alegra de haber hecho", "su tarea.", "I am glad to have arrived on time", "She is glad to have done her", "homework"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 445, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0446-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de haber encontrado", "sus llaves, el taxista empezó", "su trabajo.", "Después de haber ido al dentista,", "Monica se sintió mejor.", "After having found his keys,", "the cabdriver began his work.", "After having gone to the dentist", "Monica felt better."], "ocrConfidence": 0.99, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 446, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because object pronouns can never be attached to the past participle, when they are needed in an infinitive + past participle construction, they must be attached to the infinitive, in this case, haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de haberte conocido.", "Los padres de Laura están muy", "felices después de habernos", "visto.", "Pedro está contento de haber", "cerrado la puerta.", "Está contento de haberla cerrado.", "I'm glad to have met you.", "Laura's parents are very happy", "after having seen us.", "Peter is happy to have closed", "the door.", "He is happy to have closed it."], "ocrConfidence": 0.99, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "Me alegro de haberte conocido.", "back": "I'm glad to have met you."}, {"front": "Los padres de Laura están muy", "back": "Laura's parents are very happy"}, {"front": "felices después de habernos", "back": "after having seen us."}, {"front": "Pedro está contento de haber", "back": "Peter is happy to have closed"}, {"front": "cerrado la puerta.", "back": "the door."}, {"front": "Está contento de haberla cerrado.", "back": "He is happy to have closed it."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 446, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.4", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of haber.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Después de ___________________ leído el párrafo, los estudiantes están contentos.", "2. Nosotros ___________________ corrido a casa.", "3. Sus padres les ___________________ dado una bienvenida.", "4. Después de ___________________ comido galletas y leche, los niños están listos para acostarse.", "5. Nosotros ya ___________________ leído el libro.", "6. El muchacho ___________________ entendido la lección.", "7. Sus profesores les ___________________ enseñado bien.", "8. Después de ___________________ aprobado el examen, ellos se sienten satisfechos.", "9. ¿___________________ hecho bien los niños?", "10. Los alumnos ___________________ empezado a aprender mucho."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Han", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.4 1. haber 2. hemos 3. han 4. haber 5. hemos 6. ha 7. han 8. haber 9. Han 10. han", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hemos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "haber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Han", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "han", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. haber 2. hemos 3. han 4. haber 5. hemos 6. ha 7. han 8. haber 9. Han 10. han"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.5", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans5", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the present perfect tense. You may include additional words or expressions in the sentence if you wish.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Julia no toma mucha cerveza. Julia no ha tomado mucha cerveza (todavía).", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Cruzo la calle a la escuela.", "2. Jamás entro en la clase.", "3. Mis compañeros entran también.", "4. Le decimos “hola” al profesor.", "5. Nos sentamos.", "6. Escribo con lápiz.", "7. Mis amigos usan una computadora.", "8. Contestamos las preguntas.", "9. Almorzamos juntos.", "10. Nos despedimos del profesor.", "11. Vamos en bus a casa.", "12. Les saludamos a nuestros padres al llegar a casa."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "He cruzado la calle a la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Jamás he entrado en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Mis compañeros han entrado también", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Nos hemos sentado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "He escrito con lápiz", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Hemos contestado las preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Hemos almorzado juntos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Nos hemos despedido del profesor", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Hemos ido en bus a casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.5 1. He cruzado la calle a la escuela. 2. Jamás he entrado en la clase. 3. Mis compañeros han entrado también. 4. Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor. 5. Nos hemos sentado. 6. He escrito con lápiz. 7. Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes. 8. Hemos contestado las preguntas. 9. Hemos almorzado juntos. 10. Nos hemos despedido del profesor. 11. Hemos ido en bus a casa. 12. Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "He cruzado la calle a la escuela", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Jamás he entrado en la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Mis compañeros han entrado también", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Nos hemos sentado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "He escrito con lápiz", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Hemos contestado las preguntas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Hemos almorzado juntos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Nos hemos despedido del profesor", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Hemos ido en bus a casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. He cruzado la calle a la escuela. 2. Jamás he entrado en la clase. 3. Mis compañeros han entrado también. 4. Le hemos dicho “hola” al profesor. 5. Nos hemos sentado. 6. He escrito con lápiz. 7. Mis amigos han usado una computadora antes. 8. Hemos contestado las preguntas. 9. Hemos almorzado juntos. 10. Nos hemos despedido del profesor. 11. Hemos ido en bus a casa. 12. Les hemos saludado a nuestros padres al llegar a casa."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "23.6", "ansAnchor": "ch23ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "A Word About acabar de", "Remember: When you want to say to have just done something, use the expression acabar de in the present tense, not the verb haber with the present perfect tense."], "prompts": ["1. How have you been?", "2. Where have all the flowers gone?", "3. Who has just called?", "4. What have you done?", "5. We have sent the document.", "6. Have they had breakfast today?", "7. I have turned on the oven and have put in the chicken. I have to cook it for an hour.", "8. It is no longer hot, because the students have opened all the windows in the classroom.", "9. The exterminators have killed all the cockroaches.", "10. Laura and her daughter have just arrived in Italy."], "ocrLines": ["Yo acabo de llegar.", "Tú acabas de cantar.", "Él acaba de salir.", "Nosotros acabamos de decidir.", "Vosotros acabáis de pagar.", "Ellos acaban de volver.", "I have just arrived.", "You have just sung.", "He has just left.", "We have just decided.", "You have just paid.", "They have just returned", "6. Escribo con lápiz.", "7. Mis amigos usan una computadora.", "8. Contestamos las preguntas.", "9. Almorzamos juntos.", "10. Nos despedimos del profesor.", "11. Vamos en bus a casa.", "12. Les saludamos a nuestros padres al llegar a casa.", "y Exercise 23.6", "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "1. How have you been?", "2. Where have all the flowers gone?", "3. Who has just called?", "4. What have you done?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Adónde han ido todas las flores?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién acaba de llamar?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Hemos mandado/enviado el documento", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "23.6 1. ¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado? 2. ¿Adónde han ido todas las flores? 3. ¿Quién acaba de llamar? 4. ¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho? 5. Hemos mandado/enviado el documento. 6. ¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy? 7. He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora. 8. Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón. 9. Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas. 10. Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Adónde han ido todas las flores?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién acaba de llamar?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Hemos mandado/enviado el documento", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Cómo has estado? / ¿Cómo ha estado? / ¿Cómo han estado? 2. ¿Adónde han ido todas las flores? 3. ¿Quién acaba de llamar? 4. ¿Qué has hecho? / ¿Qué ha hecho? 5. Hemos mandado/enviado el documento. 6. ¿Se han desayunado ellos hoy? 7. He prendido el horno, y he metido el pollo. Tengo que cocinarlo por una hora. 8. Ya no hace calor porque los estudiantes han abierto todas las ventanas en el salón. 9. Los exterminadores han matado todas las cucarachas. 10. Laura y su hija acaba de llegar a Italia."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El apartamento"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Desde cuándo viven los inquilinos en este edificio en la calle cuarenta y seis con la novena avenida? ¿Quién sabe? La gente no se mete en la vida de nadie. Pero yo sí sé porque me gusta observar la ida y vuelta de la muchedumbre. Es verdad que hay muchos inquilinos que ya se han ido o les han alquilado su apartamento a otros. Los apartamentos son pequeños, pero agradables, y bastante baratos en comparación a otros lugares en la ciudad. Por mi parte, sigo firmando el contrato de arrendamiento año de por medio con muchísimas ganas de quedarme. Los porteros son agradables y el superintendente, que vive solo en el primer piso, nos trata bien."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Una pareja del octavo piso ha tenido un bebé hace ocho meses y están viviendo felices. En el décimo piso, dos personas, una mujer que está vieja ya, aunque tiene solamente cuarenta y cinco años, y su compañero (nunca se han casado) se pelean, gritan, y comen mucha comida rápida de restaurantes. (Veo a los mensajeros con pizza o con comida china todo el tiempo). Una mujer muy simpática del tercer piso se ha muerto, y otra mujer del cuarto piso, pelirroja, cuyo perro se ha desaparecido, vive desesperada y triste. En el piso once, un hombre amargado sin amigos sube y baja en el ascensor todos los días. Cuando voy vagando por el edificio, escucho a veces sonidos de amor por la noche en el sexto y el séptimo. En el quinto piso vive un hombre a quien le gusta patinar. Hace muchos años, él tenía una novia bonita e inteligente. Se separaron de repente, y este hombre, tan fuerte y guapo en días pasados, nunca ha tenido otra compañera. Un día voy a escribir un libro, pero por ahora, estoy satisfecha, mirando a la gente, escuchándola ir y venir en la vida cotidiana."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["estar viejo", "meterse", "patinar", "pelear", "vagar", "to feel old", "to become involved", "to skate", "to fight", "to wander"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "estar viejo", "back": "to feel old"}, {"front": "meterse", "back": "to become involved"}, {"front": "patinar", "back": "to skate"}, {"front": "pelear", "back": "to fight"}, {"front": "vagar", "back": "to wander"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el contrato de arrendamiento", "el inquilino", "la muchedumbre", "el portero", "el superintendente", "the lease", "the tenant", "the crowd", "the doorman", "the superintendent"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "el contrato de arrendamiento", "back": "the lease"}, {"front": "el inquilino", "back": "the tenant"}, {"front": "la muchedumbre", "back": "the crowd"}, {"front": "el portero", "back": "the doorman"}, {"front": "el superintendente", "back": "the superintendent"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["bonita e inteligente", "cotidiano", "pelirrojo", "pretty and intelligent", "(The word e is used instead of y", "before words that begin with", "an emphasized i- or hi..)", "daily", "red headed"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresión"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0450-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["año de por medio", "every other year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "año de por medio", "back": "every other year"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 450, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Se conoce la gente en este edificio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántos pisos hay?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas personas están felices en el edificio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cómo sabe tanto de la gente la protagonista?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch24", "number": 24, "title": "The Past Perfect Tense", "part": 5, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect tense refers to action that occurred in the past prior to another past action. It is a compound tense. The past perfect tense in Spanish corresponds to the same tense in English: I had eaten, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the past perfect tense in Spanish, conjugate the helping verb haber in the imperfect, and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0451-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo había vuelto", "tú habías empezado", "ella había hecho", "nosotros habíamos sabido", "vosotros habíais dicho", "ellas habían comido", "I had returned", "you had begun", "she had done", "we had known", "you had said", "they had eaten"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9027777777777778, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 451, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect tense occurs in sentences and questions that are directly linked to the past. It expresses an action that precedes another action: A sentence may begin with the imperfect or preterit and continue with the past perfect."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0451-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. sabía", "You knew (imperfect)", "que habíamos salido.", "that we had left. (past perfect)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9027777777777778, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "You knew (imperfect)", "back": "that we had left. (past perfect)"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 451, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo creí", "que él se había muerto.", "I believed (preterit)", "that he had died. (past perfect)", "Ellos vieron a la mujer", "que no había dicho nada.", "They saw the woman (preterit) who hadn't said anything. (past perfect"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "I believed (preterit)", "back": "that he had died. (past perfect)"}, {"front": "Ellos vieron a la mujer", "back": "que no había dicho nada."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the helping verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella sabía que él no me había", "escrito.", "Me di cuenta de que ellos no", "lo habían hecho.", "She knew that he hadn't written", "to me.", "I realized that they hadn't done it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ella sabía que él no me había", "back": "She knew that he hadn't written"}, {"front": "escrito.", "back": "to me."}, {"front": "Me di cuenta de que ellos no", "back": "I realized that they hadn't done it"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The infinitive form of the helping verb haber is used after a preposition."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0452-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Después de haber llegado", "a Perú, los aventureros", "buscaron un hotel en Cuzco.", "Después de haber comido,", "fui a la plataforma del tren.", "El actor aprendió el diálogo", "sin haber ensayado mucho.", "After having arrived in Peru,", "the adventurers looked for", "a hotel in Cuzco.", "After having eaten, I went to", "the train platform.", "The actor learned the dialogue", "without having rehearsed much"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8214285714285714, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 452, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.1", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. The children thought that their parents had left.", "2. I had already set the table when my family arrived.", "3. Roberto went to a country that he had never visited before.", "4. My colleagues told me that they had finished their work."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.1 1. Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido. 2. Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó. 3. Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes. 4. Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los niños pensaban/pensaron que sus padres habían salido. 2. Ya había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó. 3. Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes. 4. Mis colegas me dijeron que ellos habían terminado su trabajo."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.2", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El profesor sabía que yo había estudiado.", "2. La niña pensaba que su perro había vuelto.", "3. Ellos dijeron que habían devuelto los libros a la biblioteca.", "4. Creíamos que nuestros amigos nos habían escrito.", "5. Estuvimos seguras que los jóvenes habían tenido éxito.", "6. Pensábamos que los ladrones habían estado en el banco.", "7. El policía creía que nosotros los habíamos visto.", "8. Les dijimos a los detectives que no habíamos sido buenos testigos."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The professor knew that I had studied", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "The child thought that her dog had returned", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "They said that they had returned the books to the library", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "We believed that our friends had written to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "We thought that the thieves had been in the bank", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "The police believed that we had seen them", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.2 1. The professor knew that I had studied. 2. The child thought that her dog had returned. 3. They said that they had returned the books to the library. 4. We believed that our friends had written to us. 5. We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success. 6. We thought that the thieves had been in the bank. 7. The police believed that we had seen them. 8. We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The professor knew that I had studied", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "The child thought that her dog had returned", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "They said that they had returned the books to the library", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "We believed that our friends had written to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "We thought that the thieves had been in the bank", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "The police believed that we had seen them", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The professor knew that I had studied. 2. The child thought that her dog had returned. 3. They said that they had returned the books to the library. 4. We believed that our friends had written to us. 5. We were sure that the young people had been successful / had had success. 6. We thought that the thieves had been in the bank. 7. The police believed that we had seen them. 8. We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.3", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Todo el mundo había ___________________ para el verano. (ir)", "2. ¿Habían ___________________ Uds. mucho tiempo antes de ___________________ al doctor? (esperar/ver)", "3. Yo había ___________________ antes de ___________________. (descansar/cenar)", "4. Antes de ___________________, Anita había ___________________ sus deudas. (jubilarse/pagar)", "5. ¿Por qué no le habías ___________________ al camarero una buena propina antes de ___________________ del restaurante? (dar/salir)", "6. Nadie le había ___________________ a la senadora que ella había ___________________ la elección. (decir/perder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "esperado, ver", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "descansado, cenar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "jubilarse, pagado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "dado, salir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dicho, perdido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.3 1. ido 2. esperado, ver 3. descansado, cenar 4. jubilarse, pagado 5. dado, salir 6. dicho, perdido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "esperado, ver", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "descansado, cenar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "jubilarse, pagado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "dado, salir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dicho, perdido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ido 2. esperado, ver 3. descansado, cenar 4. jubilarse, pagado 5. dado, salir 6. dicho, perdido"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El sueño"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de haber leído su libro y de haber apagado la tele, Octavio se acostó. Las noches anteriores él no había podido dormir bien por sus sueños, digamos, pesadillas, pero esta noche él tenía la determinación de soñar con buenas cosas. Trató de pensar en algo bueno. ¿Qué será?, pensaba. El martes, había pensado en el amor y eso le cogió mal, el miércoles, había pensado en el dinero, pero tampoco le salió bien el sueño. El jueves pensó en tomar algunas vacaciones en Hawái y muchos tiburones llenaban sus sueños. Se despertó exhausto, luchando contra los peces. Hoy siendo viernes, se quedó despierto toda la noche, la única solución en la cual Octavio podía pensar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cogerle bien/mal a alguien", "digamos", "luchar", "salirle bien/mal a alguien", "soñar con", "tratar de", "to go well/badly for someone", "let's say (the nosotros command form", "of decir)", "to struggle", "to go well/badly for someone", "to dream about", "to try to"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la pesadilla", "el pez., los peces", "el tiburón", "the nightmare", "the fish (sing. and pl.)", "the shark"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "la pesadilla", "back": "the nightmare"}, {"front": "el pez., los peces", "back": "the fish (sing. and pl.)"}, {"front": "el tiburón", "back": "the shark"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0454-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["despierto", "exhausto", "wide-awake", "erhausted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9696969696969697, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "exhausto", "back": "erhausted"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 454, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresión"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0455-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿qué será?", "What could it be? (literally, What will", "it be?)"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9571428571428572, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿qué será?", "back": "What could it be? (literally, What will"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 455, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué trata de pensar Octavio?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo son sus sueños?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuál es su solución?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Recordando Nicaragua"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "En el año 1987 Nicaragua estaba sufriendo los fines de su guerra civil. Los sandinistas luchaban contra el ejército de Somoza, los contras luchaban contra los sandinistas. Daniel Ortega era presidente y líder de los sandinistas, el nombre y el movimiento inspirados por Augusto César Sandino, héroe nacional de Nicaragua que había muerto muchos años atrás."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Era mucho que entender—quien estaba luchando contra quien y por qué."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Fui a Managua, capital de Nicaragua, con un grupo de intérpretes y científicos. Llegamos en agosto a una casa agradable entre gente amable. Desde el principio, nos sentíamos cómodos en nuestra pensión; los dueños nicaragüenses nos trataban bien, nos servían las comidas, y nos mostraban su poesía. (Nos parecía que toda la gente era poeta.)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Después de haber estado en Managua dos días, empezamos nuestro trabajo en la universidad, enseñándoles a los estudiantes avanzados las matemáticas, la ciencia, la medicina, y la astrofísica."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por la noche volvíamos a la casa y pasábamos muchas noches agradables con amigos; hablábamos de la guerra, de las drogas, de la felicidad. Lo increíble era que a pesar de todo, los nicaragüenses habían mantenido un amor profundo por la vida. Mientras tanto, la guerra continuaba."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Por qué estaba sufriendo Nicaragua?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo eran los nicaragüenses?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Quién escribía poesía?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿De qué hablaban en las noches?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle as an Adjective"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Now that you have learned the past participle, your vocabulary will expand even more, because the past participle is also used as an adjective. As an adjective, the past participle follows the noun it describes, and it agrees with its noun in gender and number."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0456-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el restaurante preferido", "el teléfono perdido", "los huevos podridos", "el enemigo conocido", "la ventana cerrada", "las puertas abiertas", "the preferred restaurant", "the lost telephone", "the rotten eggs", "the known enemy", "the closed window", "the open(ed) doors"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "el restaurante preferido", "back": "the preferred restaurant"}, {"front": "el teléfono perdido", "back": "the lost telephone"}, {"front": "los huevos podridos", "back": "the rotten eggs"}, {"front": "el enemigo conocido", "back": "the known enemy"}, {"front": "la ventana cerrada", "back": "the closed window"}, {"front": "las puertas abiertas", "back": "the open(ed) doors"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 456, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.4", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following phrases with the past participle of the verb in parentheses used as an adjective. Remember that the adjective agrees in gender and number with its noun. Practice pronouncing the phrases aloud.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. la comida ___________________ (quemar)", "2. la mesa ___________________ (romper)", "3. el pájaro ___________________ (morir)", "4. la tarea bien ___________________ (hacer)", "5. las ideas bien ___________________ (expresar)", "6. el niño ___________________ (dormir)", "7. el amigo ___________________ (querer)", "8. los carros ___________________ (vender)", "9. las blusas ___________________ (comprar)", "10. el año ___________________ (pasar)", "11. los problemas ___________________ (resolver)", "12. el apartamento ___________________ (alquilar)", "13. el tesoro ___________________ (esconder)", "14. las cartas ___________________ (entregar)", "15. la telenovela ___________________ (grabar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "quemada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "rota", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "expresadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dormido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "vendidos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "compradas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "pasado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "resueltos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "alquilado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "escondido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "entregadas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "grabada", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.4 1. quemada 2. rota 3. muerto 4. hecha 5. expresadas 6. dormido 7. querido 8. vendidos 9. compradas 10. pasado 11. resueltos 12. alquilado 13. escondido 14. entregadas 15. grabada", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "quemada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "rota", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "muerto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "expresadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dormido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "querido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "vendidos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "compradas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "pasado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "resueltos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "alquilado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "escondido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "entregadas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "grabada", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. quemada 2. rota 3. muerto 4. hecha 5. expresadas 6. dormido 7. querido 8. vendidos 9. compradas 10. pasado 11. resueltos 12. alquilado 13. escondido 14. entregadas 15. grabada"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle as an Adjective with estar"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past participle as an adjective is usually used with estar."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0457-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estoy cansada.", "¿Estás vestido?", "El baño está ocupado.", "La mesa está puesta.", "El televisor está prendido.", "Estamos enojados.", "Estamos sentados.", "Uds. están equivocados.", "Los trabajadores están", "preocupados.", "I am tired.", "Are you dressed?", "The bathroom is occupied", "The table is set.", "The television set is on.", "We are angry.", "We are seated.", "You are mistaken.", "The workers are worried."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 457, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the past participle is used as an adjective with estar, it indicates that the idea expressed is the result of an action."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Susana va a escribir un libro. > Ella está escribiendo un libro. > El libro está escrito."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0457-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Susana va a escribir un libro.", "Ella está escribiendo un libro.", "El libro está escrito.", "Susan is going to write a book", "She is writing a book.", "The book is written."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El libro está escrito.", "back": "The book is written."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 457, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0458-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los músicos van a grabar la canción. > Están grabando la canción.", "> La canción está grabada.", "Los músicos van a grabar", "The musicians are going to record", "la canción.", "the song.", "Están grabando la canción.", "They are recording the song.", "La canción está grabada.", "The song is recorded.", "La niña va a esconder su muñeca. > Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.", "> La muñeca está escondida.", "La niña va a esconder su muñeca.", "The girl is going to hide her doll.", "Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.", "La muñeca está escondida.", "She is hiding her doll.", "The doll is hidden.", "El hombre va a morir: > Él está muriendo. > El hombre está muerto.", "El hombre va a morir.", "The man is going to die.", "Él está muriendo.", "He is dying.", "F, hombre está muerto", "The man is dead."], "ocrConfidence": 0.88, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "la canción.", "back": "The musicians are going to record"}, {"front": "Están grabando la canción.", "back": "the song."}, {"front": "La canción está grabada.", "back": "They are recording the song."}, {"front": "Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.", "back": "She is hiding her doll."}, {"front": "La muñeca está escondida.", "back": "The doll is hidden."}, {"front": "Él está muriendo.", "back": "The man is going to die."}, {"front": "F, hombre está muerto", "back": "He is dying."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 458, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE Whether you are aware of this concept or not, you can still use estar + past participle with confidence when you are describing someone or something."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.5", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of estar + past participle as an adjective.", "extra": ["________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________", "________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El dueño va a cerrar la tienda. Está cerrando la tienda. La tienda ___________________.", "2. En la mañana, este hombre va a abrir la tienda. Está abriéndola. La tienda ___________________.", "3. Shakira va a escribir una canción. Está escribiéndola. La canción ___________________.", "4. Vamos a construir una casa. Estamos construyéndola. La casa ___________________.", "5. Los estudiantes van a hacer su tarea. Están haciéndola. La tarea ___________________.", "6. Las abejas van a morir. Están muriendo. Las abejas ___________________.", "7. Los padres van a freír unos huevos. Están friéndolos. Los huevos ___________________.", "8. Vamos a resolver nuestros problemas. Estamos resolviéndolos. Los problemas ___________________."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "está cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "está abierta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "está escrita", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "está construida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "está hecha", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "están muertas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "están fritos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "están resueltos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.5 1. está cerrada 2. está abierta 3. está escrita 4. está construida 5. está hecha 6. están muertas 7. están fritos 8. están resueltos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "está cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "está abierta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "está escrita", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "está construida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "está hecha", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "están muertas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "están fritos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "están resueltos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. está cerrada 2. está abierta 3. está escrita 4. está construida 5. está hecha 6. están muertas 7. están fritos 8. están resueltos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.6", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans6", "instruction": "Write the past participles that appear in the following rhymes. Repeat these rhymes aloud to practice your pronunciation.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. La mujer está triste", "Triste está la mujer", "La tienda está cerrada", "Y no sabe qué hacer.", "2. El doctor está herido", "Herido está el doctor", "Los médicos preocupados", "Lo cuidan con amor.", "3. El cielo está nublado", "Parece que va a llover", "La gente no quiere mojarse", "Y empieza a correr.", "4. El baúl está arreglado", "Arreglado está el baúl", "La pareja va al Caribe", "A nadar en el agua azul.", "5. La pareja está separada", "Dividido está el hogar", "Los amantes no se acuerdan", "Cuando se dejaron de amar."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "herido, preocupados", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nublado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "arreglado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "separada, dividido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.6 1. Cerrada 2. herido, preocupados 3. nublado 4. arreglado 5. separada, dividido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Cerrada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "herido, preocupados", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nublado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "arreglado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "separada, dividido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Cerrada 2. herido, preocupados 3. nublado 4. arreglado 5. separada, dividido"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Past Participle with ser and the Passive Voice"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past participle is also used with ser. When used with ser, the past participle expresses the action itself, in this case, the passive voice, rather than the result of an action. The passive voice consists of ser + past participle and is often followed by por. The past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject of the sentence."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In the preterit"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0460-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El libro Don Quixote fue escrito", "por Cervantes.", "La puerta fue abierta por", "el portero.", "Las casas fueron robadas por", "los ladrones.", "Las iglesias en Guatemala fueron", "construidas por los españoles.", "La comida fue servida por", "el camarero.", "The book Don Quixote was", "written by Cervantes.", "The door was opened by the", "doorman.", "The houses were robbed by the", "thieves.", "The churches in Guatemala were", "constructed by the Spaniards.", "The meal was served by the waiter"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 460, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• In the present perfect and past perfect"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0460-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La carta ha sido entregada por", "el cartero.", "Los impuestos han sido", "preparados por los contadores.", "Los testigos habían sido", "advertidos por el juez..", "El apartamento había sido", "alquilado por dos amigos.", "The letter has been delivered", "by the mailman.", "The taxes have been prepared", "by the accountants.", "The witnesses had been warned", "by the judge.", "The apartment had been rented", "by two friends."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "La carta ha sido entregada por", "back": "The letter has been delivered"}, {"front": "el cartero.", "back": "by the mailman."}, {"front": "Los impuestos han sido", "back": "The taxes have been prepared"}, {"front": "preparados por los contadores.", "back": "by the accountants."}, {"front": "Los testigos habían sido", "back": "The witnesses had been warned"}, {"front": "advertidos por el juez..", "back": "by the judge."}, {"front": "El apartamento había sido", "back": "The apartment had been rented"}, {"front": "alquilado por dos amigos.", "back": "by two friends."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 460, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In speech, it is generally much better to use the active voice. The passive voice is used infrequently in Spanish. For example, the passive voice is used in this sentence:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0461-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El almuerzo fue preparado por", "el cocinero.", "The lunch was prepared by the", "cock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "El almuerzo fue preparado por", "back": "The lunch was prepared by the"}, {"front": "el cocinero.", "back": "cock."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 461, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "However, it is better to use the active voice you already know."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0461-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["El cocinero preparó el almuerzo.", "The cook prepared the lunch"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El cocinero preparó el almuerzo.", "back": "The cook prepared the lunch"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 461, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "24.7", "ansAnchor": "ch24ans7", "instruction": "Rewrite the following passive sentences as sentences in the active voice.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE La carta fue escrita por Carla. Carla escribió la carta.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Los vasos fueron hallados por los antropólogos.", "2. El país ha sido gobernado por un dictador.", "3. La clase fue enseñada por el maestro.", "4. El criminal fue reconocido por la víctima.", "5. Los regalos fueron ofrecidos por los padres.", "6. Las camisas habían sido planchadas por Catalina.", "7. Las luces fueron apagadas por los inquilinos.", "8. Se dice que las Américas fueron descubiertas por Colón en 1492."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Un dictador ha gobernado el país", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "El maestro enseñó la clase", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "La víctima reconoció al criminal", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los padres ofrecieron los regalos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Catarina había planchado las camisas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los inquilinos apagaron las luces", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "24.7 1. Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos. 2. Un dictador ha gobernado el país. 3. El maestro enseñó la clase. 4. La víctima reconoció al criminal. 5. Los padres ofrecieron los regalos. 6. Catarina había planchado las camisas. 7. Los inquilinos apagaron las luces. 8. Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Un dictador ha gobernado el país", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "El maestro enseñó la clase", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "La víctima reconoció al criminal", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los padres ofrecieron los regalos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Catarina había planchado las camisas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los inquilinos apagaron las luces", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos. 2. Un dictador ha gobernado el país. 3. El maestro enseñó la clase. 4. La víctima reconoció al criminal. 5. Los padres ofrecieron los regalos. 6. Catarina había planchado las camisas. 7. Los inquilinos apagaron las luces. 8. Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en 1492."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El conde Lucanor por Don Juan Manuel"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don Juan Manuel nació en Escalona, Toledo, y se murió en 1348 en Peñafiel, Valladolid. Él pertenece a la tradición literaria-didáctica de la Edad Media."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Había en la corte de Castilla un hombre de gran inteligencia y virtud llamado don Sancho, el cual era muy estimado por el rey. Una de las expresiones favoritas de don Sancho era la siguiente: “Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Algunos nobles le tenían envidia y lo acusaron de que preparaba una revolución. El rey les creyó y envió un mensajero para que don Sancho viniera inmediatamente a la corte. Al mismo tiempo, el rey daba órdenes para matarlo en camino."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Don Sancho se apresuró a obedecer, pero al bajar de prisa las escaleras de su casa, se cayó y se rompió una pierna. En medio del dolor, repetía: “Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A causa del accidente, no pudo ir a la corte del rey. Mientras tanto, éste descubrió la falsedad de las acusaciones contra don Sancho y castigó a los culpables. Don Sancho se dirigió, por fin, a la corte, donde fue recibido con grandes honores."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["apresurarse", "caerse", "dirigirse", "to hurry", "to fall down", "to make one's way,", "to direct oneself", "enviar", "romperse", "viniera", "to send", "to break", "came (past subjunctive", "form of venir)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "apresurarse", "back": "to hurry"}, {"front": "enviar", "back": "to send"}, {"front": "caerse", "back": "to fall down"}, {"front": "romperse", "back": "to break"}, {"front": "dirigirse", "back": "to make one's way,"}, {"front": "viniera", "back": "came (past subjunctive"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 462, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿En qué año nació el autor del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Por qué lo acusaron a don Sancho de ser revolucionario?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Por qué no lo mataron los mensajeros del rey?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es la moraleja del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch25", "number": 25, "title": "The Future Tense", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future tense is used to express actions that take place in the future. It refers to both the immediate and the remote future. This is a simple tense, in that it has no helping verb in Spanish. In English, the auxiliaries will or shall are used: Irene will drink the water, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs in the future tense are regular. To form the future tense, use the infinitive as the stem and add the following endings to the infinitive: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án. The endings are the same for all -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Notice that only the nosotros form does not carry a written accent. The following list includes new verbs so that you can expand your vocabulary as you practice the pronunciation."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cantar to sing", "yo cantaré", "tú cantarás", "él cantará", "ella cantará", "Ud. cantará", "I will sing", "you will sing", "he will sing", "she will sing", "you will sing", "nosotros cantaremos", "vosotros cantaréis", "ellos cantarán", "ellas cantarán", "Uds. cantarán", "we will sing", "you will sing", "they will sing", "they will sing", "you will sing"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "yo cantaré", "back": "I will sing"}, {"front": "nosotros cantaremos", "back": "we will sing"}, {"front": "tú cantarás", "back": "you will sing"}, {"front": "vosotros cantaréis", "back": "you will sing"}, {"front": "él cantará", "back": "he will sing"}, {"front": "ellos cantarán", "back": "they will sing"}, {"front": "ella cantará", "back": "she will sing"}, {"front": "ellas cantarán", "back": "they will sing"}, {"front": "Ud. cantará", "back": "you will sing"}, {"front": "Uds. cantarán", "back": "you will sing"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 465, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0466-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cobrar to charge (money)", "yo cobraré", "nosotros cobraremos", "tú cobrarás", "vosotros cobraréis", "ella cobrará", "ellas cobrarán", "dar to give", "yo daré", "tú darás", "él dará", "nosotros daremos", "vosotros daréis", "ellos darán", "estar to be", "yo estaré", "tú estarás", "ella estará", "nosotros estaremos", "vosotros estaréis", "ellas estarán", "gozar to enjoy", "yo gozaré", "tú gozarás", "ella gozará", "nosotros gozaremos", "vosotros gozaréis", "ellas gozarán", "marchar to march", "yo marcharé", "nosotros marcharemos", "tú marcharás", "vosotros marcharéis", "él marchará", "ellos marcharán", "opinar to opine, to give an opinion", "yo opinaré", "nosotros opinaremos", "tú opinarás", "vosotros opinaréis", "Ud. opinará", "Uds. opinarán", "patinar to skate", "yo patinaré", "tú patinarás", "él patinará", "nosotros patinaremos", "vosotros patinaréis", "ellos patinarán", "pegar to hit", "yo pegaré", "tú pegarás", "Ud. pegará", "nosotros pegaremos", "vosotros pegaréis", "Uds. pegarán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7790697674418605, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "yo cobraré tú cobrarás", "back": "vosotros cobraréis nosotros cobraremos"}, {"front": "ella cobrará", "back": "ellas cobrarán"}, {"front": "él dará yo daré tú darás", "back": "ellos darán vosotros daréis nosotros daremos"}, {"front": "yo estaré tú estarás ella estará", "back": "ellas estarán vosotros estaréis nosotros estaremos"}, {"front": "yo gozaré tú gozarás ella gozará", "back": "ellas gozarán vosotros gozaréis nosotros gozaremos"}, {"front": "él marchará yo marcharé tú marcharás", "back": "ellos marcharán vosotros marcharéis nosotros marcharemos"}, {"front": "yo opinaré tú opinarás Ud. opinará", "back": "Uds. opinarán vosotros opinaréis nosotros opinaremos"}, {"front": "él patinará yo patinaré tú patinarás", "back": "ellos patinarán vosotros patinaréis nosotros patinaremos"}, {"front": "yo pegaré tú pegarás Ud. pegará", "back": "Uds. pegarán vosotros pegaréis nosotros pegaremos"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 466, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0467-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["regresar to return", "yo regresaré", "tú regresarás", "él regresará", "triunfar to triumph", "yo triunfaré", "tú triunfarás", "Ud. triunfará", "nosotros regresaremos", "vosotros regresaréis", "ellos regresarán", "nosotros triunfaremos", "vosotros triunfaréis", "Uds. triunfarán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8928571428571429, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 467, "repairs": 2}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When a word carries a written accent, you will stress that syllable: Make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo cantaré, tú cantarás, él cantará, nosotros cantaremos, vosotros cantaréis, ellos cantarán. Practice pronouncing these verb forms aloud with confidence."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0467-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atender to attend to, to serve", "yo atenderé", "nosotros atenderemos", "tú atenderás", "vosotros atenderéis", "ella atenderá", "ellas atenderán", "caer to fall", "yo caeré", "tú caerás", "Ud. caerá", "comer to eat", "yo comeré", "tú comerás", "Ud. comerá", "leer to read", "yo leeré", "tú leerás", "Ud. leerá", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "Uds. caerán", "nosotros comeremos", "vosotros comeréis", "Uds. comerán", "nosotros leeremos", "vosotros leeréis", "Uds leerán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8529411764705882, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 467, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0468-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["merecer to deserve", "yo mereceré", "tú merecerás", "él merecerá", "nosotros mereceremos", "vosotros mereceréis", "ellos merecerán", "responder to respond", "yo responderé", "tú responderás", "ella responderá", "ser to be", "yo seré", "tú serás", "ella será", "nosotros responderemos", "vosotros responderéis", "ellas responderán", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "ellas serán", "vencer to conquer, to vanquish", "yo venceré", "nosotros venceremos", "tú vencerás", "vosotros venceréis", "Ud. vencerá", "Uds. vencerán", "ver to see", "yo veré", "tú verás", "nosotros caeremos", "vosotros caeréis", "ellos verán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 468, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0468-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["asistir to attend", "yo asistiré", "nosotros asistiremos", "tú asistirás", "vosotros asistiréis", "Ud. asistirá", "Uds. asistirán", "cumplir to carry out, to comply, to fulfill, to complete", "yo cumpliré", "nosotros cumpliremos", "tú cumplirás", "vosotros cumpliréis", "ella cumplirá", "ellas cumplirán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8035714285714286, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "yo asistiré", "back": "nosotros asistiremos"}, {"front": "tú asistirás", "back": "vosotros asistiréis"}, {"front": "Ud. asistirá", "back": "Uds. asistirán"}, {"front": "yo cumpliré", "back": "nosotros cumpliremos"}, {"front": "tú cumplirás", "back": "vosotros cumpliréis"}, {"front": "ella cumplirá", "back": "ellas cumplirán"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 468, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0469-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["compartir to share", "yo compartiré", "tú compartirás", "él compartirá", "nosotros compartiremos", "vosotros compartiréis", "ellos compartirán", "corregir to correct", "yo corregiré", "tú corregirás", "Ud. corregirá", "nosotros corregiremos", "vosotros corregiréis", "Uds. corregirán", "dirigir to direct", "yo dirigiré", "nosotros dirigiremos", "tú dirigirás", "vosotros dirigiréis", "ella dirigirá", "ellas dirigirán", "inscribirse to enroll, to register", "yo me inscribiré", "nosotros nos inscribiremos", "tú te inscribirás", "vosotros os inscribiréis", "él se inscribirá", "ellos se inscribirán", "ir to go", "yo iré", "tú irás", "ella irá", "nosotros seremos", "vosotros seréis", "ellas serán", "vivir to live", "yo viviré", "tú vivirás", "él vivira", "nosotros viviremos", "vosotros viviréis", "ellos vivirán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9722222222222222, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 469, "repairs": 3}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About -ir Verbs with a Written Accent in the Infinitive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that have a written accent in the infinitive, such as oír (to hear), reír (to laugh), and sonreír (to smile), lose the written accent in the stem in order to form the future: oiré, reiré, sonreiré."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are only 12 basic irregular verbs in the future tense. These verbs show a change in the stem, but the endings are the same as those you have just learned. Add -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án to the irregular stem. Practice saying these verb forms aloud, and learn them so that you will be able to use the future tense freely."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber to fit (one thing inside another)", "yo cabré", "nosotros cabremos", "tú cabrás", "vosotros cabréis", "ella cabrá", "ellas cabrán", "decir to say", "yo diré", "nosotros diremos", "tú dirás", "vosotros diréis", "Ud. dirá", "Uds. dirán", "hacer to do, to make", "yo haré", "nosotros haremos", "tú harás", "vosotros haréis", "él hará", "ellos harán", "poder to be able, can", "yo podré", "nosotros podremos", "tú podrás", "vosotros podréis", "ud. podrá", "Uds. podrán", "poner to put", "yo pondré", "tú pondrás", "él pondrá", "nosotros pondremos", "vosotros pondréis", "ellos pondrán", "querer to want", "yo querré", "tú querrás", "ella querrá", "nosotros querremos", "vosotros querréis", "ellas querrán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.6976190294538226, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "yo cabré", "back": "nosotros cabremos"}, {"front": "tú cabrás", "back": "vosotros cabréis"}, {"front": "ella cabrá", "back": "ellas cabrán"}, {"front": "yo diré", "back": "nosotros diremos"}, {"front": "tú dirás", "back": "vosotros diréis"}, {"front": "Ud. dirá", "back": "Uds. dirán"}, {"front": "yo haré", "back": "nosotros haremos"}, {"front": "tú harás", "back": "vosotros haréis"}, {"front": "él hará", "back": "ellos harán"}, {"front": "yo podré", "back": "nosotros podremos"}, {"front": "tú podrás", "back": "vosotros podréis"}, {"front": "ud. podrá", "back": "Uds. podrán"}, {"front": "yo pondré", "back": "nosotros pondremos"}, {"front": "tú pondrás", "back": "vosotros pondréis"}, {"front": "él pondrá", "back": "ellos pondrán"}, {"front": "yo querré", "back": "nosotros querremos"}, {"front": "tú querrás", "back": "vosotros querréis"}, {"front": "ella querrá", "back": "ellas querrán"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 470, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["saber to know", "yo sabré", "tú sabrás", "Ud. sabrá", "nosotros sabremos", "vosotros sabréis", "Uds. sabrán", "salir to leave, to go out", "yo saldré", "nosotros saldremos", "tú saldrás", "vosotros saldréis", "él saldrá", "ellos saldrán", "tener to have", "yo tendré", "tú tendrás", "ella tendrá", "nosotros tendremos", "vosotros tendréis", "ellas tendrán", "valer to be worth", "yo valdré", "tú valdrás", "nosotros valdremos", "vosotros valdréis", "Uds. valdron"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Valer is most frequently used in the third person."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuánto valdrá?", "How much is it worth?", "How much will it be worth?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuánto valdrá?", "back": "How much will it be worth?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo vendré", "tú vendrás", "Ud. vendré", "nosotros vendremos", "vosotros vendréis", "Uds vendrán"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo vendré", "back": "nosotros vendremos"}, {"front": "tú vendrás", "back": "vosotros vendréis"}, {"front": "Ud. vendré", "back": "Uds vendrán"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Habrá means there will be and will there be? It is the future tense of the verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0471-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Habrá una fiesta al fin del año?", "Will there be a party at the end", "of the year?", "¿Habrá clases de literatura", "Will there be literature classes", "el próximo semestre?", "next semester?", "¿Habrá mucho que hacer mañana?", "Will there be a lot to do tomorrow?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9642857142857143, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿Habrá clases de literatura", "back": "Will there be literature classes"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 471, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0472-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "retener to retain", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "contradiré, etc.", "desharé, etc.", "compondré, etc", "propondré, etc.", "contendré, etc.", "detendré, etc.", "mantendré, etc.", "retendré, etc.", "prevendré, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 472, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future tense is used in both Spanish and English to express a future time. The simple future transmits more of a commitment or a strong decision than does the future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive). The difference also exists in English: I will arrive at 7 P.M. is a little stronger in terms of commitment than I am going to arrive at 7 P.M."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0472-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿A qué hora estarás en casa?", "Paula llegará más rápido por avión.", "Yo haré la tarea para la semana", "que viene.", "Carlos vendrá a verme cuando", "quiera.", "El cantante cantará si le gusta", "la música.", "¿Quién será el próximo presidente", "de los Estados Unidos?", "At what time will you be home:", "Paula will arrive faster by plane", "I will do the homework for the", "coming week.", "Carlos will come to see me when", "he wants.", "The singer will sing if he likes", "the music.", "Who will be the next president", "of the United States?"], "ocrConfidence": 0.95, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 472, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.1", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are regular.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Si Isabel va a Italia, yo ___________________ también. (ir)", "2. Sara dice que ___________________ el martes. (llegar)", "3. Yo te ___________________ mañana, si quieres. (ver)", "4. El profesor sabe que nosotros ___________________ durante las vacaciones. (estudiar)", "5. El amigo no ___________________ la pronunciación de Manuel. (corregir)", "6. Los artistas piensan que la gente ___________________ sus pinturas. (comprar)", "7. El hombre nos promete que ___________________ de fumar. (dejar)", "8. Nadie me ___________________ a México; yo ___________________ solo. (acompañar/viajar)", "9. ¿Dónde ___________________ tú más tarde? (estar)", "10. Los periodistas izquierdistas dicen que ___________________. (triunfar)", "11. Después de la escuela secundaria, los estudiantes ___________________ a la universidad. (asistir)", "12. ¿Cuánto me ___________________ Ud. por este chaleco? (cobrar)", "13. Nosotros ___________________. (vencer)", "14. Si yo te hago una pregunta, ¿me ___________________? (responder)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "iré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "llegará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "veré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "estudiaremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "corregirá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "comprará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "dejará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "acompañará, viajaré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "estarás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "triunfarán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "asistirán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "cobrará", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "venceremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "responderás", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.1 1. iré 2. llegará 3. veré 4. estudiaremos 5. corregirá 6. comprará 7. dejará 8. acompañará, viajaré 9. estarás 10. triunfarán 11. asistirán 12. cobrará 13. venceremos 14. responderás", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "iré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "llegará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "veré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "estudiaremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "corregirá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "comprará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "dejará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "acompañará, viajaré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "estarás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "triunfarán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "asistirán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "cobrará", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "venceremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "responderás", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. iré 2. llegará 3. veré 4. estudiaremos 5. corregirá 6. comprará 7. dejará 8. acompañará, viajaré 9. estarás 10. triunfarán 11. asistirán 12. cobrará 13. venceremos 14. responderás"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.2", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are irregular.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo lo ___________________. (hacer)", "2. El novio piensa que ella ___________________ a verlo. (venir)", "3. Él no ___________________. (salir)", "4. Nosotros no le ___________________ nada a nadie. (decir)", "5. ¿ ___________________ tú ir de vacaciones en julio? (poder)", "6. Si los padres no los vigilan, sus hijos ___________________ la ropa en el piso. (poner)", "7. ¿Cuánto ___________________ esta chaqueta? (valer)", "8. ¿Quién ___________________ las llaves? (tener)", "9. El espía no sabe nada hoy, pero ___________________ mucho mañana. (saber)", "10. ¿ ___________________ mucha gente en el gimnasio el primero de enero? (haber)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "haré", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vendrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "saldrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "podrás", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "pondrán", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "valdrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tendrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "sabrá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Habrá", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.2 1. haré 2. vendrá 3. saldrá 4. diremos 5. podrás 6. pondrán 7. valdrá 8. tendrá 9. sabrá 10. Habrá", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "haré", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vendrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "saldrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "podrás", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "pondrán", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "valdrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tendrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "sabrá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Habrá", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. haré 2. vendrá 3. saldrá 4. diremos 5. podrás 6. pondrán 7. valdrá 8. tendrá 9. sabrá 10. Habrá"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.3", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using verbs from the list below. Use each verb only one time.", "extra": ["aprender, comprar, decir, fijarse, gustar, perderse, poder, practicar, quejarse, reírse, repetir, ser, tener cuidado", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. If she is not careful, she will get lost.", "2. If Jorge tells it to me, I will not repeat it to anyone.", "3. If we practice, we will be able to learn a new language.", "4. They will buy the house if they like the garden and the balcony.", "5. If the play is funny, the audience will laugh.", "6. He will never notice anything. He will never complain."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.3 1. Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá. 2. Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie. 3. Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo. 4. Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón. 5. Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá. 6. Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Si ella no tiene cuidado, se perderá. 2. Si Jorge me lo dice, yo no se lo repetiré a nadie. 3. Si practicamos, podremos aprender un idioma nuevo. 4. Ellos comprarán la casa si les gustan el jardín y el balcón. 5. Si la obra de teatro es chistosa/divertida, el público se reirá. 6. Él nunca se fijará en nada. No se quejará jamás."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.4", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans4", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the future tense. This exercise includes both regular and irregular verbs.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Como mucho el día de acción de gracias. Comeré mucho el día de acción de gracias.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Él viene a verme. ___________________", "2. Tengo una cita con el dentista en febrero.", "3. ¿Cuánto vale el carro? ___________________", "4. ¿Qué me dices? ___________________", "5. Salimos para México en julio. ___________________", "6. Trabajo en un teatro. ___________________", "7. Hay once estudiantes aquí. ___________________", "8. Empezamos a estudiar. ___________________", "9. El muchacho tiene éxito. ___________________", "10. Los deportistas tienen sed. ___________________", "11. ¿Cuánto me cobra Ud.? ___________________", "12. Yo patino porque me gusta. ___________________", "13. Ella no se mete en la vida de los otros.", "14. El pueblo vence. ___________________", "15. Triunfamos. ___________________", "16. La muchacha cumple diez años el miércoles.", "17. Olivia vive en Perú. ___________________", "18. La maestra corrige la tarea. ___________________", "19. Yo asisto a la universidad. ___________________", "20. Elena sueña que te vio. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Él vendrá a verme", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá el carro?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué me dirás?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Saldremos para México en julio", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Trabajaré en un teatro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Habrá once estudiantes aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Empezaremos a estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "El muchacho tendrá éxito", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas tendrán sed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Yo patinaré porque me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "El pueblo vencerá", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Triunfaremos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Olivia vivirá en Perú", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "La maestra corregirá la tarea", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Yo asistiré a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.4 1. Él vendrá a verme. 2. Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero. 3. ¿Cuánto valdrá el carro? 4. ¿Qué me dirás? 5. Saldremos para México en julio. 6. Trabajaré en un teatro. 7. Habrá once estudiantes aquí. 8. Empezaremos a estudiar. 9. El muchacho tendrá éxito. 10. Los deportistas tendrán sed. 11. ¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.? 12. Yo patinaré porque me gusta. 13. Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros. 14. El pueblo vencerá. 15. Triunfaremos. 16. La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles. 17. Olivia vivirá en Perú. 18. La maestra corregirá la tarea. 19. Yo asistiré a la universidad. 20. Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Él vendrá a verme", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá el carro?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "¿Qué me dirás?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Saldremos para México en julio", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Trabajaré en un teatro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Habrá once estudiantes aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Empezaremos a estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "El muchacho tendrá éxito", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas tendrán sed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Yo patinaré porque me gusta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "El pueblo vencerá", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Triunfaremos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Olivia vivirá en Perú", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "La maestra corregirá la tarea", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Yo asistiré a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Él vendrá a verme. 2. Tendré una cita con el dentista en febrero. 3. ¿Cuánto valdrá el carro? 4. ¿Qué me dirás? 5. Saldremos para México en julio. 6. Trabajaré en un teatro. 7. Habrá once estudiantes aquí. 8. Empezaremos a estudiar. 9. El muchacho tendrá éxito. 10. Los deportistas tendrán sed. 11. ¿Cuánto me cobrará Ud.? 12. Yo patinaré porque me gusta. 13. Ella no se meterá en la vida de los otros. 14. El pueblo vencerá. 15. Triunfaremos. 16. La muchacha cumplirá diez años el miércoles. 17. Olivia vivirá en Perú. 18. La maestra corregirá la tarea. 19. Yo asistiré a la universidad. 20. Elena soñará que te vio. / Elena sueña que te verá."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.5", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Sabré más mañana de lo que sé hoy.", "2. Tres sillas y ocho estudiantes no cabrán en el salón.", "3. Los médicos no dormirán hasta las cuatro de la mañana.", "4. Pronto volveré.", "5. De vez en cuando, te visitaré en Brasil.", "6. Si Uds. quieren ir de compras, yo los llevaré.", "7. Si él se pone nervioso, hablará en voz baja.", "8. Si corres mucho, podrás perder peso.", "9. Si Ud. pierde sus llaves, ¿qué hará?", "10. Ellos me dicen que Uds. se casarán el año que viene."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I will know more tomorrow than what I know today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I will return soon", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "If you want to go shopping, I will take you", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "If you lose your keys, what will you do?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "They tell me that you will get married next year", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.5 1. I will know more tomorrow than what I know today. 2. Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom. 3. The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning. 4. I will return soon. 5. From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil. 6. If you want to go shopping, I will take you. 7. If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly. 8. If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight. 9. If you lose your keys, what will you do? 10. They tell me that you will get married next year.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I will know more tomorrow than what I know today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I will return soon", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "If you want to go shopping, I will take you", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "If you lose your keys, what will you do?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "They tell me that you will get married next year", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I will know more tomorrow than what I know today. 2. Three chairs and eight students will not fit in the classroom. 3. The doctors will not sleep until four o’clock in the morning. 4. I will return soon. 5. From time to time, I will visit you in Brazil. 6. If you want to go shopping, I will take you. 7. If he becomes nervous, he will speak softly. 8. If you run a lot, you will be able to lose weight. 9. If you lose your keys, what will you do? 10. They tell me that you will get married next year."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The equivalent in English can be I wonder or it is probably to indicate doubt or probability. You will know from context whether the sentence or question expresses the simple future or probability in the present."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0476-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Qué hora sera?", "Serán las diez.", "I wonder what time it is", "It's probably ten o'clock."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Serán las diez.", "back": "It's probably ten o'clock."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 476, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Dónde estará Enrique?", "Estará en casa.", "¿Quién será?", "¿Cuántos años tendrán ellas?", "No vendrá hoy.", "I wonder where Henry is.", "He's probably at home.", "I wonder who that is. /", "Who can that be?", "I wonder how old they are. /", "How old might they be?", "He probably won't come today"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Dónde estará Enrique?", "back": "I wonder where Henry is."}, {"front": "Estará en casa.", "back": "He's probably at home."}, {"front": "¿Quién será?", "back": "I wonder who that is. /"}, {"front": "¿Cuántos años tendrán ellas?", "back": "I wonder how old they are. /"}, {"front": "No vendrá hoy.", "back": "He probably won't come today"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Expressing the Future Using the Present Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present indicative is often used when there is another element in the sentence that indicates future time."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella canta mañana.", "Bailamos el viernes.", "She'll sing tomorrow.", "We'll dance on Friday"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Bailamos el viernes.", "back": "We'll dance on Friday"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present tense, not the future, is used when asking for instructions."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Doblo aquí?", "¿ Camino a la derecha?", "Shall I turn here?", "Shall I walk to the right:"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "¿ Camino a la derecha?", "back": "Shall I walk to the right:"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• The present tense, not the future, is used when you’re asking for things. These are not actions that take place in the future; in these cases, will is a helping verb expressing a voluntary mood."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0477-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Me da el bolígrafo, por favor?", "Will you give me the pen, please?", "(literally, Do you give me the", "pen, please?)", "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", "Will you lend me your car?", "(literally, Do you lend me your", "car?)", "¿ Me llamas cuando llegues?", "Will you call me when you arrive!", "(literally, Do you call me when", "you arrive?)", "¿Le traes flores?", "Will you bring him flowers?", "(literally, Do you bring him", "¿Nos dan Uds. regalos?", "flowers?)", "Will you give us presents?", "(literally, Do you give us", "presents?)"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Nos dan Uds. regalos?", "back": "Will you bring him flowers?"}, {"front": "flowers?)", "back": "(literally, Do you bring him"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 477, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.6", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans6", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences to indicate probability.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El libro no cabe en mi bolsa. El libro no cabrá en mi bolsa.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Tiene hambre el niño? ___________________", "2. ¿Qué hace la mujer? ___________________", "3. ¿Quién pone la mesa? ___________________", "4. Ella sabe las direcciones. ___________________", "5. ¿Cuánto vale este apartamento lujoso?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Tendrá hambre el niño?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hará la mujer?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién pondrá la mesa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ella sabrá las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.6 1. ¿Tendrá hambre el niño? 2. ¿Qué hará la mujer? 3. ¿Quién pondrá la mesa? 4. Ella sabrá las direcciones. 5. ¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Tendrá hambre el niño?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "¿Qué hará la mujer?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Quién pondrá la mesa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ella sabrá las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Tendrá hambre el niño? 2. ¿Qué hará la mujer? 3. ¿Quién pondrá la mesa? 4. Ella sabrá las direcciones. 5. ¿Cuánto valdrá este apartamento lujoso?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review object pronouns as you continue adding to your knowledge of tenses. The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible positions when used with the future tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the phrase or sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0478-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Paula le dará direcciones.", "Esta noche leeré un libro y", "después me acostaré.", "¿ Quién me podrá contestar?", "¿ Quién podrá contestarme?", "¿Lo podrás llamar más tarde?", "¿ Podrás llamarlo más tarde?", "Paula will give you directions.", "Tonight, I will read a book", "and then I'll go to bed.", "Who will be able to answer me?", "Will you be able to call him later!"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 478, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will be in progress in the future. When you don’t need to express action that will be in progress in the future, use the simple future tense."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate estar in the future and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0479-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaré comiendo", "tú estarás jugando", "Ud. estará festejando", "nosotros estaremos bebiendo", "vosotros estaréis bailando", "Uds. estarán celebrando", "I will be eating", "you will be playing", "you will be celebrating", "we will be drinking", "you will be dancing", "you will be celebrating"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 479, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will take place in the future: I will be arriving by 10 o’clock, for example. If you don’t need to emphasize the action, use the simple future: I will arrive by 10 o’clock."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0479-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Estaré llegando a medianoche.", "¿Cuándo estarás saliendo para", "el Canadá?", "Mi amigo estará escuchando", "música toda la mañana.", "Estaremos leyendo su libro", "esta noche.", "Los muchachos estarán jugando", "al tenis hasta las cinco cuando", "oscurezca.", "I will be arriving at midnight.", "When will you be leaving for", "Canada?", "My friend will be listening", "to music all morning.", "We will be reading your book", "tonight.", "The children will be playing", "tennis until five o'clock when", "it gets dark."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 479, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In Spanish, as in English, the future perfect tense refers to an action that will be completed in the future before another action occurs or before some point of time in the future."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future perfect is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate haber in the future and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0480-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habré comido", "tú habrás cocinado", "Ud. habrá visto", "nosotros habremos limpiado", "vosotros habréis vuelto", "Uds. habrán ido", "I will have eaten", "you will have cooked", "you will have seen", "we will have cleaned", "you will have returned", "you will have gone"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96875, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 480, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Future Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The future perfect tense expresses action that will have taken place by a specific time in the future."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0480-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La muchacha habrá leído", "el artículo para el viernes.", "Yo habré visto esta película antes", "de que el grupo se reúna.", "Las mujeres habrán terminado", "su conversación antes de", "preparar la cena.", "Julia habrá bailado con este", "hombre tres veces antes de", "salir de la fiesta.", "En agosto, la camarera habrá", "trabajado en el restaurante", "un año.", "The girl will have read the article", "by Friday.", "I will have seen this film before", "the group meets.", "The women will have finished", "their conversation before", "preparing supper.", "Julia will have danced with this", "man three times before leaving", "the party.", "In August, the waitress will have", "worked in the restaurant", "for a year."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 13, "cards": [{"front": "La muchacha habrá leído", "back": "The girl will have read the article"}, {"front": "el artículo para el viernes.", "back": "by Friday."}, {"front": "Yo habré visto esta película antes", "back": "I will have seen this film before"}, {"front": "de que el grupo se reúna.", "back": "the group meets."}, {"front": "Las mujeres habrán terminado", "back": "The women will have finished"}, {"front": "su conversación antes de", "back": "their conversation before"}, {"front": "preparar la cena.", "back": "preparing supper."}, {"front": "Julia habrá bailado con este", "back": "Julia will have danced with this"}, {"front": "hombre tres veces antes de", "back": "man three times before leaving"}, {"front": "salir de la fiesta.", "back": "the party."}, {"front": "En agosto, la camarera habrá", "back": "In August, the waitress will have"}, {"front": "trabajado en el restaurante", "back": "worked in the restaurant"}, {"front": "un año.", "back": "for a year."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 480, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "25.7", "ansAnchor": "ch25ans7", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Adónde habrás ido después de salir de tu casa?", "2. Habremos comprado nuestros tiquetes para el sábado.", "3. Habré visto a los estudiantes antes de que viajen a México.", "4. En un mes, habré vivido aquí por diez años.", "5. ¿Habrás terminado tu trabajo para la semana que viene?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Where will you have gone after leaving your house?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "We will have bought our tickets for Saturday", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "25.7 1. Where will you have gone after leaving your house? 2. We will have bought our tickets for Saturday. 3. I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico. 4. In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years. 5. Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Where will you have gone after leaving your house?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "We will have bought our tickets for Saturday", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Will you have finished your work for the coming week?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Where will you have gone after leaving your house? 2. We will have bought our tickets for Saturday. 3. I will have seen the students before they travel to Mexico. 4. In one month, I will have lived here for 10 years. 5. Will you have finished your work for the coming week?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El porvenir"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Volveré,” dice el amante,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“comeré,” dice el glotón,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“bailaré,” dice el cojo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“trabajaré,” dice él sin profesión."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Votaré,” dice el ciudadano,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“me reiré,” dice el juglar,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“dormiré,” dice el insomne,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“te cuidaré,” dice su mamá."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“Prometeré,” dice el político,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“curaré” dice el doctor,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“recordaré” dice el amnésico,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "“enseñaré” dice el profesor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se encontrarán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se hablarán"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Todos dirán la verdad y mentiras"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Y todos se morirán."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0482-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["cuidar", "encontrarse", "votar", "to take care of, to care for", "to meet", "to note"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "cuidar", "back": "to take care of, to care for"}, {"front": "encontrarse", "back": "to meet"}, {"front": "votar", "back": "to note"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 482, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0482-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el amante", "el amnésico", "el cojo", "el glotón", "el insomne", "el juglar", "el porvenir", "the lover", "the amnesiac", "the cripple, the lame person", "the glutton", "the insomniac", "the juggler", "the future"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9864864864864865, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "el amante", "back": "the lover"}, {"front": "el amnésico", "back": "the amnesiac"}, {"front": "el cojo", "back": "the cripple, the lame person"}, {"front": "el glotón", "back": "the glutton"}, {"front": "el insomne", "back": "the insomniac"}, {"front": "el juglar", "back": "the juggler"}, {"front": "el porvenir", "back": "the future"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 482, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuáles personas dicen la verdad?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuáles mienten?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Con quiénes se identifica Ud.?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch26", "number": 26, "title": "The Conditional Tense", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional tense is used to describe actions that are uncertain in the future. Unlike the future tense, which expresses future certainty, the conditional expresses an action that would happen if another condition were met. This is a simple tense, in that it uses no helping verb in Spanish. It corresponds to the conditional tense in English, which uses would as an auxiliary verb: I would go, but I don’t have time, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Most verbs are regular in the conditional tense. To form the conditional, use the infinitive as the stem and add the following endings to the infinitive: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. These endings are used for all verbs, both regular and irregular, in the conditional tense. Practice pronouncing the following conditional verb forms aloud and be sure to stress the accented syllable."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Practice pronouncing the d with a soft th sound."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Regular Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0483-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ayudar to help", "yo ayudaría", "tú ayudarías", "Ud. ayudaría", "nosotros ayudaríamos", "vosotros ayudaríais", "Uds. ayudarían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9624999761581421, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo ayudaría", "back": "nosotros ayudaríamos"}, {"front": "tú ayudarías", "back": "vosotros ayudaríais"}, {"front": "Ud. ayudaría", "back": "Uds. ayudarían"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 483, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0484-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["disfrutar to enjoy", "yo disfrutaría", "tú disfrutarías", "él disfrutaría", "nosotros disfrutaríamos", "vosotros disfrutaríais", "ellos disfrutarían", "estar to be", "yo estaría", "tú estarías", "ella estaría", "nosotros estaríamos", "vosotros estaríais", "ellas estarían", "felicitar to congratulate", "yo felicitaría", "nosotros felicitaríamos", "tú felicitarías", "vosotros felicitaríais", "Ud. felicitaría", "Uds. felicitarían", "festejar to feast, to celebrate", "yo festejaría", "nosotros testejariamos", "tú festejarías", "vosotros testejariais", "él festejaría", "ellos festejarían", "fracasar to fail", "yo fracasaría", "tú fracasarías", "Ud. fracasaría", "llenar to fill", "yo llenaría", "tú llenarías", "ella llenaría", "nosotros fracasaríamos", "vosotros fracasaríais", "Uds. fracasarían", "nosotros llenaríamos", "vosotros llenaríais", "ellas llenarían", "recordar to remember", "yo recordaría", "tú recordarías", "el recordaria", "nosotros recordaríamos", "vosotros recordaríais", "ellos recordarian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9880952380952381, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 484, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The r at the beginning of a breath group is pronounced as an rr trill. Practice pronouncing these forms of recordar with the trilled r."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0485-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["beber to drink", "yo bebería", "tú beberías", "Ud. bebería", "nosotros beberíamos", "vosotros beberíais", "Uds. beberían", "conocer to know, to be acquainted with", "yo conocería", "nosotros conoceríamos", "tú conocerías", "vosotros conoceríais", "él conocería", "ellos conocerían", "proteger to protect", "yo protegería", "tú protegerías", "ella protegería", "ser to be", "yo sería", "tú serías", "él sería", "traer to bring", "yo traería", "tú traerías", "ella traería", "nosotros protegeríamos", "vosotros protegeríais", "ellas protegerían", "nosotros seríamos", "vosotros seríais", "ellos serían", "nosotros traeríamos", "vosotros traeríais", "ellas traerían", "volver to return", "yo volvería", "tú volverías", "Ud. volvería", "nosotros volveríamos", "vosotros volveríais", "Uds. volverian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9523809523809523, "cardCount": 18, "cards": [{"front": "yo bebería", "back": "nosotros beberíamos"}, {"front": "tú beberías", "back": "vosotros beberíais"}, {"front": "Ud. bebería", "back": "Uds. beberían"}, {"front": "yo conocería", "back": "nosotros conoceríamos"}, {"front": "tú conocerías", "back": "vosotros conoceríais"}, {"front": "él conocería", "back": "ellos conocerían"}, {"front": "yo protegería", "back": "nosotros protegeríamos"}, {"front": "tú protegerías", "back": "vosotros protegeríais"}, {"front": "ella protegería", "back": "ellas protegerían"}, {"front": "yo sería", "back": "nosotros seríamos"}, {"front": "tú serías", "back": "vosotros seríais"}, {"front": "él sería", "back": "ellos serían"}, {"front": "yo traería", "back": "nosotros traeríamos"}, {"front": "tú traerías", "back": "vosotros traeríais"}, {"front": "ella traería", "back": "ellas traerían"}, {"front": "yo volvería", "back": "nosotros volveríamos"}, {"front": "tú volverías", "back": "vosotros volveríais"}, {"front": "Ud. volvería", "back": "Uds. volverian"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 485, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0485-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["admitir to admit", "yo admitiría", "tú admitirías", "nosotros admitiríamos", "vosotros admitiríais", "ellas admitirían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "yo admitiría", "back": "nosotros admitiríamos"}, {"front": "tú admitirías", "back": "vosotros admitiríais"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 485, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0486-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["dormir to sleep", "yo dormiría", "tú dormirías", "él dormiría", "exigir to demand", "yo exigiría", "tú exigirías", "él exigiría", "fingir to pretend", "yo fingiría", "tú fingirías", "Ud. fingiría", "nosotros dormiríamos", "vosotros dormiríais", "ellos dormirían", "nosotros exigiríamos", "vosotros exigiríais", "ellos exigirían", "nosotros fingiríamos", "vosotros fingiríais", "Uds. fingirían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 486, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pronunciation Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The g before an i is pronounced like the English h as in hot."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0486-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["ir to go", "yo iría", "tú irías", "ella iría", "medir to measure", "yo mediría", "tú medirías", "Ud mediría", "nosotros iríamos", "vosotros iríais", "ellas irían", "nosotros mediríamos", "vosotros mediríais", "Uds. medirían"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8928571428571429, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 486, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "There are 12 basic irregular verbs in the conditional tense. The conditional and future tenses have the same stems in their irregular verbs. Add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the irregular stem. Practice pronouncing these verb forms aloud, and learn them so that you will be able to use the conditional tense freely."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0487-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber to fit (one thing inside another)", "yo cabría", "nosotros cabríamos", "tú cabrías", "vosotros cabríais", "ella cabría", "ellas cabrían", "decir to say, to tell", "yo diría", "tú dirías", "Ud. diría", "nosotros diríamos", "vosotros diríais", "Uds. dirían", "hacer to do, to make", "yo haría", "nosotros haríamos", "tú harías", "vosotros haríais", "él haría", "ellos harían", "poder to be able, can", "yo podría", "nosotros podríamos", "tú podrías", "vosotros podríais", "Ud. podría", "Uds. podrían", "poner to put", "yo pondría", "tú pondrías", "él pondría", "nosotros pondríamos", "vosotros pondríais", "ellos pondrían", "querer to want", "yo querría", "tú querrías", "ella querría", "nosotros querríamos", "vosotros querríais", "ellas querrían", "saber to know", "yo sabría", "tú sabrías", "Ud. sabría", "nosotros sabríamos", "vosotros sabríais", "Uds. sabrían", "salir to leave, to go out", "yo saldría", "nosotros saldríamos", "tú saldrías", "vosotros saldríais", "8l saldria", "ellos saldrian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 16, "cards": [{"front": "yo cabría", "back": "tú cabrías"}, {"front": "vosotros cabríais", "back": "nosotros cabríamos"}, {"front": "yo diría tú dirías Ud. diría", "back": "Uds. dirían"}, {"front": "vosotros diríais", "back": "nosotros diríamos"}, {"front": "yo haría", "back": "tú harías"}, {"front": "vosotros haríais", "back": "nosotros haríamos"}, {"front": "yo podría", "back": "tú podrías"}, {"front": "vosotros podríais", "back": "nosotros podríamos"}, {"front": "él pondría yo pondría tú pondrías", "back": "ellos pondrían"}, {"front": "vosotros pondríais", "back": "nosotros pondríamos"}, {"front": "yo querría tú querrías ella querría", "back": "ellas querrían"}, {"front": "vosotros querríais", "back": "nosotros querríamos"}, {"front": "yo sabría tú sabrías Ud. sabría", "back": "Uds. sabrían"}, {"front": "vosotros sabríais", "back": "nosotros sabríamos"}, {"front": "8l saldria yo saldría tú saldrías", "back": "ellos saldrian"}, {"front": "vosotros saldríais", "back": "nosotros saldríamos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 487, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener to have", "yo tendría", "tú tendrías", "ella tendría", "valer to be worth", "yo valdría", "tú valdrías", "Ud. valdria", "nosotros tendríamos", "vosotros tendríais", "ellas tendrían", "nosotros valdríamos", "vosotros valdríais", "Uds. valdrian"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9285714285714286, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Reminder"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "As noted, valer is most often used in the third person:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Cuánto vale?", "¿Cuánto valdría?", "Valdría la pena.", "How much is it worth?", "How much would it be worth?", "It would be worth the trouble."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9166666666666666, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "¿Cuánto vale?", "back": "How much is it worth?"}, {"front": "¿Cuánto valdría?", "back": "How much would it be worth?"}, {"front": "Valdría la pena.", "back": "It would be worth the trouble."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["venir to come", "yo vendría", "tú vendrías", "Ud. vendría", "nosotros vendríamos", "vosotros vendríais", "Uds vendrían"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo vendría", "back": "nosotros vendríamos"}, {"front": "tú vendrías", "back": "vosotros vendríais"}, {"front": "Ud. vendría", "back": "Uds vendrían"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Habría means there would be and would there be? It is the conditional tense of the verb haber."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Sin estudiantes, no habría", "universidades.", "¿ Habría luz sin sol?", "¿Habría comida sin plantas?", "Without students, there would be", "no universities.", "Would there be light without the sun?", "Would there be food without plants?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Sin estudiantes, no habría", "back": "Without students, there would be"}, {"front": "universidades.", "back": "no universities."}, {"front": "¿Habría comida sin plantas?", "back": "Would there be food without plants?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0488-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "contradiría, etc", "desharía. etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "contradecir to contradict", "back": "contradiría, etc"}, {"front": "deshacer to undo", "back": "desharía. etc."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 488, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "retener to retain", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "compondría, etc", "propondría, etc.", "contendría, etc.", "detendría, etc.", "mantendría, etc.", "retendría, etc.", "prevendría, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional tense expresses action that is uncertain in the future. This tense corresponds to the English conditional tense: I would go, for example."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nadie comería en este", "restaurante.", "Me gustaría ir al cine con mi", "amigo.", "¿Te gustaría ir conmigo?", "Nos encantaría viajar a Perú.", "Elena dijo que cerraría la maleta.", "Yo sabía que el mago no me diría", "nada.", "¿ Gastarías todo en un día?", "No one would eat in this", "restaurant.", "I would like to go to the movies", "with my friend.", "Would you like to go with me?", "We would love to travel to Peru.", "Elena said that she would close", "the suitcase.", "I knew that the magician wouldn't", "tell me anything", "Would you spend everything", "in one day?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About English would"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In English, the translation of the Spanish imperfect tense sometimes uses the word would as a helping verb when expressing repeated action in the past. Following are examples of the imperfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0489-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Cuando Madeleine era niña,", "ella practicaba el piano", "cada día.", "El hombre viejo ponía sus", "dientes en agua cada noche", "antes de dormirse.", "When Madeleine was a child,", "she would practice the piano", "every day.", "The old man would put his teeth", "in water every night before", "falling asleep."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 489, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.1", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct conditional form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo ___________________. (producir)", "2. Nosotros lo ___________________. (hacer)", "3. ¿Qué ___________________ Uds.? (decir)", "4. Él ___________________ pero no quiere. (venir)", "5. ¿Cuánto me ___________________ Ud. por mi libro? (dar)", "6. Ellos ___________________ temprano. (acostarse)", "7. Los niños y sus padres ___________________ pronto. (regresar)", "8. ¿Por qué ___________________ Ud. tacones? (llevar)", "9. ¿A Uds. les ___________________ salir esta noche? (gustar)", "10. ¿___________________ luz sin electricidad? (haber)", "11. Yo ___________________ esa película. (ver)", "12. Nosotros no ___________________ esta noche. (salir)", "13. Laura dijo que ___________________ mañana. (llegar)", "14. Yo sabía que ella ___________________. (entender)", "15. ¿Quién ___________________ hacer tal cosa? (poder)", "16. ¿Por qué ___________________ Samuel al teatro si siempre se duerme? (ir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "produciría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "dirían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "vendría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "daría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se acostarían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "regresarían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "llevaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "gustaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Habría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "vería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "saldríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "llegaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "entendería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "iría", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.1 1. produciría 2. haríamos 3. dirían 4. vendría 5. daría 6. se acostarían 7. regresarían 8. llevaría 9. gustaría 10. Habría 11. vería 12. saldríamos 13. llegaría 14. entendería 15. podría 16. iría", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "produciría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "dirían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "vendría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "daría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se acostarían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "regresarían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "llevaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "gustaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Habría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "vería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "saldríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "llegaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "entendería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "iría", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. produciría 2. haríamos 3. dirían 4. vendría 5. daría 6. se acostarían 7. regresarían 8. llevaría 9. gustaría 10. Habría 11. vería 12. saldríamos 13. llegaría 14. entendería 15. podría 16. iría"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible positions when used with the conditional tense."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be placed directly before the conjugated verb."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the phrase or sentence."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0490-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", "está en el taller de mecánico.", "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", "I would lend my car to you, but", "it is in the shop.", "Would it interest you to buy it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", "back": "I would lend my car to you, but"}, {"front": "está en el taller de mecánico.", "back": "it is in the shop."}, {"front": "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", "back": "Would it interest you to buy it?"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 490, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0491-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿ Cuánto me cobraría por la flor?", "Enrique le daría las flores a su", "novia, pero no tiene bastante", "dinero para comprárselas.", "How much would you charge me", "for the flower?", "Henry would give flowers to his", "girlfriend, but he doesn't have", "enough money to buy them", "for her."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 491, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.2", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans2", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the conditional tense. Be sure to include all necessary written accents. Pronounce your answers aloud.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Nadie duerme aquí. Nadie dormiría aquí.", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Yo la ayudo. ___________________", "2. Ella va de compras. ___________________", "3. ¿Miras tú televisión? ___________________", "4. Ellos venden la comida. ___________________", "5. Los mozos les dan la comida a los clientes.", "6. Tenemos mucho que hacer. ___________________", "7. El conductor maneja rápidamente. ___________________", "8. ¿Cantas? ___________________", "9. ¿Vienen Uds. a mi casa? ___________________", "10. Yo lo hago. ___________________", "11. No le digo nada. ___________________", "12. Te cobro cien dólares. ___________________", "13. Los niños no leen mucho. ___________________", "14. Sé nadar. ___________________", "15. Hay mucha gente en los trenes. ___________________", "16. No caben más. ___________________", "17. Le traigo las flores a su hermana. ___________________", "18. Nos ponemos los zapatos. ___________________", "19. ¿Puede Ud. acompañarme al bus? ___________________", "20. ¿A Uds. les gusta ir al cine? ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo la ayudaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ella iría de compras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Mirarías tú televisión?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos venderían la comida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Tendríamos mucho que hacer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "El conductor manejaría rápidamente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "¿Cantarías?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo lo haría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "No le diría nada", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Te cobraría cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "Los niños no leerían mucho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "Sabría nadar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "Habría mucha gente en los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "No cabrían más", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "Le traería las flores a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Nos pondríamos los zapatos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.2 1. Yo la ayudaría. 2. Ella iría de compras. 3. ¿Mirarías tú televisión? 4. Ellos venderían la comida. 5. Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes. 6. Tendríamos mucho que hacer. 7. El conductor manejaría rápidamente. 8. ¿Cantarías? 9. ¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa? 10. Yo lo haría. 11. No le diría nada. 12. Te cobraría cien dólares. 13. Los niños no leerían mucho. 14. Sabría nadar. 15. Habría mucha gente en los trenes. 16. No cabrían más. 17. Le traería las flores a su hermana. 18. Nos pondríamos los zapatos. 19. Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus? 20. ¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo la ayudaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ella iría de compras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Mirarías tú televisión?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos venderían la comida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Tendríamos mucho que hacer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "El conductor manejaría rápidamente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "¿Cantarías?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo lo haría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "No le diría nada", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Te cobraría cien dólares", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "Los niños no leerían mucho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "Sabría nadar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "Habría mucha gente en los trenes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "No cabrían más", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "Le traería las flores a su hermana", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Nos pondríamos los zapatos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo la ayudaría. 2. Ella iría de compras. 3. ¿Mirarías tú televisión? 4. Ellos venderían la comida. 5. Los mozos les darían la comida a los clientes. 6. Tendríamos mucho que hacer. 7. El conductor manejaría rápidamente. 8. ¿Cantarías? 9. ¿Vendrían Uds. a mi casa? 10. Yo lo haría. 11. No le diría nada. 12. Te cobraría cien dólares. 13. Los niños no leerían mucho. 14. Sabría nadar. 15. Habría mucha gente en los trenes. 16. No cabrían más. 17. Le traería las flores a su hermana. 18. Nos pondríamos los zapatos. 19. Podría Ud. acompañarme al bus? 20. ¿A Uds. les gustaría ir al cine?"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.3", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct conditional form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella ___________________ tocar el piano, pero nunca practica. (poder)", "2. La enfermera le prometió al paciente que él ___________________. (mejorarse)", "3. Yo no ___________________ de la situación. (quejarse)", "4. Nosotros no le ___________________ nada. (decir)", "5. Enrique y su esposa sabían que sus hijos ___________________ en sus vacaciones. (divertirse)", "6. Emanuel y su hermano nos aseguraron que todo ___________________ bien. (estar)", "7. Los gemelos ___________________ una fiesta pero no es su cumpleaños. (tener)", "8. La terapeuta física me dijo que no me ___________________ más los pies. (doler)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se mejoraría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "me quejaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diríamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "se divertirían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estaría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "tendrían", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dolerían", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.3 1. podría 2. se mejoraría 3. me quejaría 4. diríamos 5. se divertirían 6. estaría 7. tendrían 8. dolerían", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se mejoraría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "me quejaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diríamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "se divertirían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estaría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "tendrían", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dolerían", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. podría 2. se mejoraría 3. me quejaría 4. diríamos 5. se divertirían 6. estaría 7. tendrían 8. dolerían"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.4", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "The conditional tense may be used to express speculation or conjecture in the past. The translation I wonder or It was probably indicates doubt or conjecture. You will know from context whether the sentence or question expresses the simple conditional or probability in the past."], "prompts": ["1. José would like to learn to swim, but he is afraid of the water.", "2. I would not say anything to him, because I do not know him well.", "3. Our Mexican friends would come to California to visit their family, but they prefer to travel to Europe this year.", "4. Juan told me that he would give the book to you if you want to study it.", "5. We would go to Julia’s party, but we don’t know where she lives."], "ocrLines": ["¿ Qué hora sería?", "¿ Dónde estaría el doctor?", "Estaría en el hospital.", "¿Cuántos años tendrían estas", "mujeres?", "¿Quién sería?", "I wonder what time it was.", "I wonder where the doctor was. /", "Where could the doctor have", "been?", "He was probably at the hospital.", "I wonder how old these women", "were.", "Who could that have been? /", "3. ¿Qué .", "4. ÉI.", "5. ¿Cuánto me _", "6. Ellos _", "7. Los niños y sus padres .", "8. ¿Por qué.", "9. ¿A Uds. les", "-ف .10", "11. Yo.", "12. Nosotros no", "13. Laura dijo que", "14. Yo sabía que ella", "15. ¿Quién", "16. ¿Por qué", "duerme? (ir)", "Uds.? (decir)", "- pero no quiere. (venir)", "Ud. por mi libro? (dar)", "_temprano. (acostarse)", "pronto. (regresar)", "Ud. tacones? (Ilevar)", "_ salir esta noche? (gustar)", "_ luz sin electricidad? (haber)", "_esa película. (ver)", "esta noche. (salir)", "mañana. (llegar)", "_ (entender)", "hacer tal cosa? (poder)", "Samuel al teatro si siempre se", "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and", "Direct Object Pronouns", "The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible", "positions when used with the conditional tense.", "• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the", "phrase or sentence.", "Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", "está en el taller de mecánico.", "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", "I would lend my car to you, but", "it is in the shop.", "Would it interest you to buy it?"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.4 1. A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua. 2. Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien. 3. Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año. 4. Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar. 5. Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. A José le gustaría nadar, pero tiene miedo del agua. 2. Yo no le diría nada porque no lo conozco bien. 3. Nuestros amigos mexicanos vendrían a California a visitar a su familia, pero prefieren viajar a Europa este año. 4. Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si quiere estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que le daría el libro si lo quiere estudiar. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si quieres estudiarlo. / Juan me dijo que te daría el libro si lo quieres estudiar. 5. Iríamos a la fiesta de Julia, pero no sabemos dónde vive."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive tense expresses doubt about action in the future."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate estar in the conditional and follow it with the gerund of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0493-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo estaría limpiando", "tú estarías pintando", "Ud. estaría bailando", "nosotros estaríamos durmiendo", "vosotros estaríais dibujando", "Uds. estarían escribiendo", "I would be cleaning", "you would be painting", "you would be dancing", "we would be sleeping", "you would be drawing", "you would be writing"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 493, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional progressive tense expresses doubt in the future and emphasizes the action. When you don’t need to emphasize the action, use the simple conditional. You’ll find that the simple conditional is used more frequently in everyday speech."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Quién estaría haciendo ruido?", "Yo estaría tocando el piano,", "pero me lesioné las manos.", "Las parejas estarían bailando,", "pero se cansaron.", "Who would be making noise?", "I would be playing the piano,", "but I hurt my hands.", "The couples would be dancing", "but they got tired."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "¿Quién estaría haciendo ruido?", "back": "Who would be making noise?"}, {"front": "Yo estaría tocando el piano,", "back": "I would be playing the piano,"}, {"front": "pero me lesioné las manos.", "back": "but I hurt my hands."}, {"front": "Las parejas estarían bailando,", "back": "The couples would be dancing"}, {"front": "pero se cansaron.", "back": "but they got tired."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense is used to express an action that would have taken place, but did not: I would have paid you, but I left my money at home, for example."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate the helping verb haber in the conditional tense and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habría ido", "tú habrías salido", "él habría sonreído", "nosotros habríamos escrito", "vosotros habríais entrado", "ellos habrían llamado", "I would have gone", "you would have gone out", "he would have smiled", "we would have written", "you would have entered", "they would have called"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense, which is used to refer to an action that would have occurred but did not, is often followed by English but."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0494-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Nos habríamos quedado, pero", "no nos gustó la situación.", "We would have stayed, but", "we didn't like the situation"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Nos habríamos quedado, pero", "back": "We would have stayed, but"}, {"front": "no nos gustó la situación.", "back": "we didn't like the situation"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 494, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella habría ido a España este", "mes, pero no tenía tiempo.", "Tú lo habrías podido hacer,", "pero se te pasó el deseo.", "She would have gone to Spain", "this month, but she didn't", "have time.", "You would have been able to do it.", "but you lost the desire."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ella habría ido a España este", "back": "She would have gone to Spain"}, {"front": "mes, pero no tenía tiempo.", "back": "this month, but she didn't"}, {"front": "pero se te pasó el deseo.", "back": "but you lost the desire."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns precede the verb form. The object pronouns are never attached to the past participle."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo te habría llamado, pero me", "dormí temprano.", "El doctor lo habría ayudado,", "pero tenía miedo de un pleito.", "Los actores le habrían dado", "flores a su directora, pero", "costaban demasiado.", "I would have called you, but I fell", "asleep early.", "The doctor would have helped", "him, but he was afraid of", "a lawsuit.", "The actors would have given", "flowers to their director, but", "they cost too much."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9666666666666667, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conditional perfect tense may also express speculation or conjecture in the past."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0495-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La gente honesta habría devuelto", "la cartera y el dinero.", "Habrían sido las once cuando", "los muchachos llegaron.", "Habría sido noviembre cuando", "nos reunimos.", "The honest people had probably", "returned the wallet and the", "money.", "It must have been eleven o'clock", "when the children arrived.", "It must have been November when", "we met"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 495, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "26.5", "ansAnchor": "ch26ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. He would have arrived on time, but he lost the directions.", "2. We would not have told our secret to anyone.", "3. Juan and his companion would have gone to Mexico, but they decided to save their money for the following year.", "4. Antonio and I would have traveled to Colombia, but the flight cost too much.", "5. Enrique would have been a good president, but he wanted to have more time to spend with his family.", "6. Elvira would have returned the money that she found, but she gave it to her son."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "26.5 1. Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones. 2. No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie. 3. Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante. 4. Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado. 5. Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia. 6. Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Él habría llegado a tiempo, pero se le perdieron las direcciones. 2. No le habríamos dicho nuestro secreto a nadie. 3. Juan y su compañero habrían ido a México, pero decidieron ahorrar su dinero para el año entrante. 4. Antonio y yo habríamos viajado a Colombia, pero el vuelo costó demasiado. 5. Enrique habría sido un buen presidente, pero quería tener más tiempo para pasar con su familia. 6. Elvira habría devuelto el dinero que halló, pero se lo dio a su hijo."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Qué haría Ud. en las siguientes situaciones?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Answer the following questions orally."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Diría Ud. una mentira para proteger a su amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Compraría Ud. algo antes de verlo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. Si vas a un casino, ¿cuánto dinero apostarías antes de irte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. Ud. está en una clase de veinte estudiantes y todos están copiando excepto Ud. (Ellos reciben el examen de antemano y aprenden de memoria las respuestas sin saber nada. Ud. está estudiando.) ¿Le diría Ud. al maestro lo que está pasando en la clase?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. Su hijo tiene catorce años y quiere jugar al fútbol americano para su escuela. Ud. sabe que es peligroso y que muchos niños se lesionan. ¿Lo dejaría jugar o firmaría el documento prohibiéndole que juegue?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. Su mejor amigo está para casarse. Ud. está en un restaurante y ve a su prometida besar a otro hombre. ¿Se lo diría a su amigo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "7. Ud. encuentra una cantidad de dinero en las montañas con la identificación de una persona que se había muerto en un accidente. ¿Le devolvería Ud. el dinero a la familia?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "8. ¿Viajaría Ud. solo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "9. ¿Tomaría Ud. crédito por un libro que no había escrito?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "10. Su mejor amigo es pintor. ¿Le diría Ud. la verdad si a Ud. no le gusta su pintura?"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0497-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["aprender de memoria", "copiar", "firmar", "lesionarse", "to learn by heart, to memorize", "to copy", "to sign", "to get hurt"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "aprender de memoria", "back": "to learn by heart, to memorize"}, {"front": "copiar", "back": "to copy"}, {"front": "lesionarse", "back": "to get hurt"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 497, "repairs": 0}]}, {"id": "ch27", "number": 27, "title": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive mood refers to the recent past and is translated as the present perfect in English: the train has arrived, for example."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Like all subjunctive moods, the present perfect subjunctive must be caused. The main clause must have a verb or expression that calls for the use of the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The present or future tense of certain verbs in the main clause will cause the present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Present Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb form. To form the present perfect subjunctive, conjugate the present subjunctive of the helping verb haber and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0498-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo haya hablado", "tú hayas llegado", "ella haya huido", "nosotros hayamos vendido", "vosotros hayáis leído", "ellas hayan votado", "I have spoken", "you have arrived", "she has fled", "we have sold", "you have read", "they have voted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9090909090909091, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 498, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Present Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The present perfect subjunctive can be used to express a past action if the main clause is in the present or future tense. The main clause must contain a verb or expression that causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause. The most common use is the present indicative in the main clause and the present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0499-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo sé", "I know (present indicative)", "Yo dudo", "que el tren ha llegado.", "that the train has arrived. (present perfect)", "que el tren haya llegado.", "I doubt (present indicative) that the train has arrived. (present perfect", "subjunctive", "El maestro sabe", "The teacher knows", "El maestro espera", "The teacher hopes", "que los estudiantes han estudiado.", "that the students have studied.", "que los estudiantes hayan estudiado.", "that the students have studied."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "El maestro espera", "back": "The teacher knows"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 499, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "NOTE The English translation of the dependent clause is the same, whether the Spanish verb is in the indicative or the subjunctive mood."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Main clause in the present, dependent clause in present perfect subjunctive"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0499-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Me alegro de que Fernando", "haya estado bien.", "Enrique duda que su amigo", "le haya escrito.", "Yo lo siento que Uds. no hayan", "ido a España.", "Irene no piensa que su vecino", "se haya quejado de ella.", "¿Esperas que le hayamos dado", "el dinero al dueño?", "Es probable que la mujer haya", "parqueado el carro.", "¿Conocen Uds. a alguien que", "haya vivido en Japón?", "Nos gusta que tú hayas tenido", "éxito.", "Me alegro de que Uds. se hayan", "divertido.", "1 am glad that Fernando", "has been well.", "Henry doubts that his friend", "has written to him.", "I regret it that you have not gone", "to Spain.", "Irene doesn't think that her", "neighbor has complained", "about her.", "Do you hope that we have given", "the money to the owner?", "It is probable that the woman", "has parked the car.", "Do you know anyone who has", "lived in Japan?", "It pleases us that you have been", "successful.", "I am glad that you have had", "a good time."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 499, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "27.1", "ansAnchor": "ch27ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Is it possible that they have fallen asleep?", "2. It is probable that we have had a lot of opportunities.", "3. We are glad that our two friends have met each other.", "4. I’m sad that the hotel hasn’t called to confirm my reservation.", "5. José hopes that we have felt well.", "6. The lawyer is glad that his clients have read the contract.", "7. The engineers regret that the buildings have had problems.", "8. The worker is sad that his boss has not called to find out where he is."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "27.1 1. ¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido? 2. Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades. 3. Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido. 4. Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación. 5. José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien. 6. El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato. 7. Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas. 8. El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. ¿Es posible que ellos se hayan dormido? 2. Es probable que hayamos tenido muchas oportunidades. 3. Estamos alegres de que nuestros dos amigos se hayan conocido. 4. Estoy triste de que el hotel no me haya llamado para confirmar mi reservación. 5. José espera que nosotros nos hayamos sentido bien. 6. El abogado se alegra de que sus clientes hayan leído el contrato. 7. Los ingenieros lo sienten que los edificios hayan tenido problemas. 8. El trabajador está triste de que su jefe no lo haya llamado para averiguar donde está."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "27.2", "ansAnchor": "ch27ans2", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present perfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre está triste de que su familia no lo haya visitado. (visitar)", "• Main clause in the future, dependent clause in the present perfect subjunctive", "If the verb in the main clause is either the future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive) or the simple future, the present perfect subjunctive can be used in the dependent clause. This structure is used infrequently in everyday speech."], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el bañero le ___________________ la vida a la nadadora. (salvar)", "3. Miguel duda que nosotros ___________________ a subir la montaña. (atreverse)", "4. ¿Conoces a alguien que ___________________ todas las obras de Shakespeare? (leer)", "5. La rey quiere que su reina ___________________ feliz. (ser)", "6. Los viajantes esperan que los trenes no ___________________. (demorarse)", "7. Son las seis de la mañana. La mamá no piensa que sus hijos ___________________. (levantarse)", "8. Son las once de la noche el sábado. Patricia espera que sus amigos ___________________ mucho en la fiesta. (divertirse)", "9. Me alegro mucho de que Uds. ___________________ a la clase. (venir)", "10. Es una lástima que el vaso ___________________. (romperse)"], "ocrLines": ["Será fantástico que todo el", "mundo haya leído este libro.", "Será importante que los chóteres", "hayan aprendido a manejar.", "El director esperará que los", "actores hayan aprendido", "el argumento.", "Susana no irá a menos que su", "mejor amiga haya ido.", "It will be fantastic that everyone", "has read this book.", "It will be important that the", "drivers have learned to drive.", "The director will hope that the", "actors have learned the script", "Susan will not go unless her", "best friend has gone.", "10. Su mejor amigo es pintor. ¿Le diría Ud. la verdad si a Ud. no le gusta", "su pintura?", "aprender de memoria", "copiar", "firmar", "lesionarse", "to learn by heart, to memorize", "to copy", "to sign", "to get hurt"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hayan estado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "haya salvado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "nos hayamos atrevido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haya leído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "haya sido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se hayan demorado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se hayan levantado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se hayan divertido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hayan venido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se haya roto", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "27.2 1. hayan estado 2. haya salvado 3. nos hayamos atrevido 4. haya leído 5. haya sido 6. se hayan demorado 7. se hayan levantado 8. se hayan divertido 9. hayan venido 10. se haya roto", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hayan estado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "haya salvado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "nos hayamos atrevido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haya leído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "haya sido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se hayan demorado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se hayan levantado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se hayan divertido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hayan venido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se haya roto", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hayan estado 2. haya salvado 3. nos hayamos atrevido 4. haya leído 5. haya sido 6. se hayan demorado 7. se hayan levantado 8. se hayan divertido 9. hayan venido 10. se haya roto"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La isla en el Caribe"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me alegro mucho de que mis amigos se hayan puesto tan contentos antes de mi gran viaje a verlos. Se llaman Samuel y Teresa y viven en una isla que se llama Saba."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos encontramos por primera vez en el Yucatán donde viajamos juntos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Según ellos, Saba es el mejor sitio del mundo. Estoy muy emocionada de que ellos me hayan invitado a su hogar tan especial. Ella es francesa y él es de Inglaterra. Han pasado más de veinte años fuera de sus países. No sé por qué han escogido esta isla en el medio del Caribe. Nunca me han dado la razón y nadie sabe el porqué, excepto ellos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Estoy contenta de que hayamos podido estar en contacto por tanto tiempo, comunicándonos por correo electrónico."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Arreglo mi maleta, pensando en lo que mis amigos me han dicho. Con cuidado, meto en ella bloqueador, anteojos de sol y camisas de algodón. Me dicen que llueve mucho, así que incluyo un paraguas pequeño y un impermeable. En caso de que haya sol, y esperándolo, traigo dos trajes de baño, una bata, sandalias y gafas para nadar. A ellos les gusta bucear, y a mí también. Dejo en casa mi abrigo, y escojo una chaqueta y un chaleco que compré en Guatemala. Me gusta llevar pantalones, pero voy a traer una falda también. No sé si necesitaré calcetines o botas, pero los traeré de todos modos."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Será mi primer viaje a la isla y mis amigos la describen como un paraíso, pero un paraíso sin muchas provisiones. Me piden que les lleve muchos víveres como nueces, queso, cereal y chocolate. Mi pobre maleta, cambiada a maletón, pesa mucho con toda la comida, pero llevaré todo, y con muchas ganas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me recogieron en el aeropuerto y fuimos a Saba a su hogar. Ellos se sentaron en el sofá. Samuel empezó a trabajar en la computadora; ella no hizo nada aquella primera noche."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Esta pareja que siempre hablaba, dejó de hablar."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Dormí bastante bien la primera noche a pesar de los insectos, reyes de la casa que andaban por toda la casa, y el sonido de la ranas más allá de mi ventana."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Samuel y Teresa, mis queridos amigos, no sé lo que les había pasado. Pasé mis vacaciones a solas. Ellos no se atrevían a salir de la casa, hasta sacar la basura. Samuel llegaba al lindero de la casa, suspiraba y volvía a la sala mientras Teresa cocinaba."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Por fin, me llevaron al aeropuerto, me dejaron allí, nos despedimos y nos separamos. Fue la última vez que los vi."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["atreverse (a)", "bucear", "recoger", "suspirar", "to dare (to)", "to snorkel, to skin dive", "to pick up", "to sigh"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "atreverse (a)", "back": "to dare (to)"}, {"front": "bucear", "back": "to snorkel, to skin dive"}, {"front": "recoger", "back": "to pick up"}, {"front": "suspirar", "back": "to sigh"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el abrigo", "la bata", "las botas", "los calcetines", "el chaleco", "la chaqueta", "la falda", "el impermeable", "el lindero", "el maletón", "la nuez, las nueces", "los pantalones", "el paraguas", "la rana", "el rey", "el traje de baño", "la última vez.", "the coat", "the robe", "the boots", "the socks", "the vest", "the jacket", "the skirt", "the raincoat", "the edge, the border", "the big suitcase", "the nut, the nuts", "the pants", "the umbrella", "the frog", "the king", "the bathing suit", "the last time"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 17, "cards": [{"front": "el abrigo", "back": "the coat"}, {"front": "la bata", "back": "the robe"}, {"front": "las botas", "back": "the boots"}, {"front": "los calcetines", "back": "the socks"}, {"front": "el chaleco", "back": "the vest"}, {"front": "la chaqueta", "back": "the jacket"}, {"front": "la falda", "back": "the skirt"}, {"front": "el impermeable", "back": "the raincoat"}, {"front": "el lindero", "back": "the edge, the border"}, {"front": "el maletón", "back": "the big suitcase"}, {"front": "la nuez, las nueces", "back": "the nut, the nuts"}, {"front": "los pantalones", "back": "the pants"}, {"front": "el paraguas", "back": "the umbrella"}, {"front": "la rana", "back": "the frog"}, {"front": "el rey", "back": "the king"}, {"front": "el traje de baño", "back": "the bathing suit"}, {"front": "la última vez.", "back": "the last time"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0503-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de todos modos", "en caso de", "fuera de", "más allá de (mi ventana)", "por fin", "por primera vez", "anyway", "in case", "outside (of)", "outside (my window,", "at last", "for the first time"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 503, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Dónde está Saba?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cómo es la isla?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué pone la persona en su maleta? ¿Por qué pesa tanto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Se llevaron bien?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Van a verse de nuevo?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿La persona que viaja, es mujer u hombre?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch28", "number": 28, "title": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect subjunctive mood expresses past action. So far, you have studied the present subjunctive and the present perfect subjunctive. Next is the imperfect subjunctive. If the main clause begins in the past, it can cause the subjunctive in the past."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Remember that the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone. Another element in the sentence always causes it to be used. The imperfect subjunctive is used after the following elements:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain impersonal expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain dependent adjective clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• Certain expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Imperfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To form the imperfect subjunctive for all verbs, first drop the ending of the third-person singular of the preterit. What remains is the stem of the imperfect subjunctive for all forms."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Any irregularity in the stem of the preterit tense will have the same irregularity in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate all but three -ar verbs in the imperfect subjunctive, begin with the third-person singular (él, ella, Ud.) of the preterit tense. Drop the preterit ending and add -ara, -aras, -ara, -áramos, -arais, -aran to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "bailar", "cantar", "cerrar", "recordar", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "bailó", "cantó", "cerró", "recordó", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo bailara", "nosotros bailáramos", "tú bailaras", "vosotros bailarais", "ella bailara", "ellas bailaran", "yo cantara", "nosotros cantáramos", "tú cantaras", "vosotros cantarais", "él cantara", "ellos cantaran", "yo cerrara", "nosotros cerráramos", "tú cerraras", "vosotros cerrarais", "Ud. cerrara", "Uds. cerraran", "yo recordara", "nosotros recordáramos", "tú recordaras", "vosotros recordarais", "él recordara", "ellos recordaran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9583333333333334, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "bailar", "back": "bailó"}, {"front": "yo bailara", "back": "nosotros bailáramos"}, {"front": "cantar", "back": "cantó"}, {"front": "yo cantara", "back": "nosotros cantáramos"}, {"front": "cerrar", "back": "cerró"}, {"front": "yo cerrara", "back": "nosotros cerráramos"}, {"front": "recordar", "back": "recordó"}, {"front": "yo recordara", "back": "nosotros recordáramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 506, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The only -ar verbs with different endings in the imperfect subjunctive are verbs that are irregular in the preterit: andar, estar, dar."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -er and -ir Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To conjugate both -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect subjunctive, drop the ending from the third-person singular of the preterit to get the stem. Then add -iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran to the stem."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "-Er Verbs"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "beber", "comer", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "bebió", "comió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo bebiera", "nosotros bebiéramos", "tú bebieras", "vosotros bebierais", "él bebiera", "ellos bebieran", "yo comiera", "nosotros comiéramos", "tú comieras", "vosotros comierais", "ella comiera", "ellas comieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9319148773842669, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "beber", "back": "bebió"}, {"front": "yo bebiera", "back": "nosotros bebiéramos"}, {"front": "comer", "back": "comió"}, {"front": "yo comiera", "back": "nosotros comiéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 506, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["conocer", "entender", "ver", "volver", "conoció", "entendió", "vio", "volvió", "yo conociera", "tú conocieras", "Ud. conociera", "yo entendiera", "tú entendieras", "él entendiera", "yo viera", "tú vieras", "ella viera", "yo volviera", "tú volvieras", "él volviera", "nosotros conociéramos", "vosotros conocierais", "Uds. conocieran", "nosotros entendiéramos", "vosotros entendierais", "ellos entendieran", "nosotros viéramos", "vosotros vierais", "ellas vieran", "nosotros volviéramos", "vosotros volvierais", "ellos volvieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.984375, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "conocer", "back": "conoció"}, {"front": "yo conociera", "back": "nosotros conociéramos"}, {"front": "entender", "back": "entendió"}, {"front": "yo entendiera", "back": "nosotros entendiéramos"}, {"front": "ver", "back": "vio"}, {"front": "yo viera", "back": "nosotros viéramos"}, {"front": "volver", "back": "volvió"}, {"front": "yo volviera", "back": "nosotros volviéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 507, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ir Verbs", "Infinitive", "abrir", "escribir", "salir", "vivir", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "abrió", "escribió", "salió", "vivió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo abriera", "nosotros abriéramos", "tú abrieras", "vosotros abrierais", "él abriera", "ellos abrieran", "yo escribiera", "nosotros escribiéramos", "tú escribieras", "vosotros escribierais", "ella escribiera", "ellas escribieran", "yo saliera", "nosotros saliéramos", "tú salieras", "vosotros salierais", "Ud. saliera", "Uds. salieran", "yo viera", "nosotros viéramos", "tú vieras", "vosotros vierais", "Ud. viviera", "Uds vivieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9594594594594594, "cardCount": 8, "cards": [{"front": "abrir", "back": "abrió"}, {"front": "yo abriera", "back": "nosotros abriéramos"}, {"front": "escribir", "back": "escribió"}, {"front": "yo escribiera", "back": "nosotros escribiéramos"}, {"front": "salir", "back": "salió"}, {"front": "yo saliera", "back": "nosotros saliéramos"}, {"front": "vivir", "back": "vivió"}, {"front": "yo viviera", "back": "nosotros viviéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 507, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "-Ir verbs that are irregular in the third-person singular of the preterit show the same irregularity in the stem of the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "mentir", "pedir", "seguir", "dormir", "morirse", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "mintió", "pidió", "siguió", "durmió", "se murió", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo mintiera", "nosotros mintiéramos", "tú mintieras", "vosotros mintierais", "él mintiera", "ellos mintieran", "yo viviera", "nosotros viviéramos", "tú vivieras", "vosotros vivierais", "ella pidiera", "ellas pidieran", "yo siguiera", "nosotros siguiéramos", "tú siguieras", "vosotros siguierais", "ella siguiera", "ellas siguieran", "yo durmiera", "nosotros durmiéramos", "tú durmieras", "vosotros durmierais", "Ud. durmiera", "Uds. durmieran", "me muriera", "nos muriéramos", "te murieras", "os murierais", "él se muriera"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "mentir", "back": "mintió"}, {"front": "yo mintiera", "back": "nosotros mintiéramos"}, {"front": "pedir", "back": "pidió"}, {"front": "yo pidiera", "back": "nosotros pidiéramos"}, {"front": "seguir", "back": "siguió"}, {"front": "yo siguiera", "back": "nosotros siguiéramos"}, {"front": "dormir", "back": "durmió"}, {"front": "yo durmiera", "back": "nosotros durmiéramos"}, {"front": "morirse", "back": "se murió"}, {"front": "me muriera", "back": "nos muriéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 508, "repairs": 4}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About Pronunciation"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The stress in the imperfect subjunctive is on the second-to-last, or penultimate, syllable. As you practice, make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo can ta ra, tú can ta ras, él can ta ra, nosotros can tá ramos, vosotros can ta rais, ellos can ta ran. If a word carries a written accent, stress the accented syllable: nosotros can tá ramos. The more you practice, the more natural this sound becomes."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Verbs with irregular stems in the preterit have the same irregularity in the imperfect subjunctive. Drop the ending from the third-person singular and add -iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran to the stem."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0508-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "andar", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "anduvo", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo anduviera", "nosotros anduviéramos", "tú anduvieras", "vosotros anduvierais", "él anduviera", "ellos anduvieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9615384615384616, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "andar", "back": "anduvo"}, {"front": "yo anduviera", "back": "nosotros anduviéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 508, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["caber", "dar", "estar", "hacer", "poder", "poner", "querer", "saber", "tener", "venir", "cupo", "dio", "estuvo", "hizo", "pudo", "puso", "quiso", "supo", "tuvo", "vino", "yo cupiera", "tú cupieras", "ella cupiera", "yo diera", "tú dieras", "Ud. diera", "yo estuviera", "tú estuvieras", "Ud. estuviera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "él hiciera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "ella pidiera", "yo pidiera", "tú pidieras", "Ud. pusiera", "yo quisiera", "tú quisieras", "él quisiera", "yo supiera", "tú supieras", "ella supiera", "yo tuviera", "tú tuvieras", "Ud. tuviera", "yo mintiera", "tú mintieras", "él mintiera", "nosotros cupiéramos", "vosotros cupierais", "ellas cupieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "Uds. dieran", "nosotros estuviéramos", "vosotros estuvierais", "Uds. estuvieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "ellos hicieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "ellas pidieran", "nosotros pidiéramos", "vosotros pidierais", "Uds. pusieran", "nosotros quisiéramos", "vosotros quisierais", "ellos quisieran", "nosotros supiéramos", "vosotros supierais", "ellas supieran", "nosotros tuviéramos", "vosotros tuvierais", "Uds. tuvieran", "nosotros mintiéramos", "vosotros mintierais", "ellos mintieran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9725000381469726, "cardCount": 22, "cards": [{"front": "caber", "back": "cupo"}, {"front": "yo cupiera", "back": "nosotros cupiéramos"}, {"front": "dar", "back": "dio"}, {"front": "yo diera", "back": "nosotros diéramos"}, {"front": "estar", "back": "estuvo"}, {"front": "yo estuviera", "back": "nosotros estuviéramos"}, {"front": "hacer", "back": "hizo"}, {"front": "yo hiciera", "back": "nosotros hiciéramos"}, {"front": "poder", "back": "pudo"}, {"front": "yo pudiera", "back": "nosotros pudiéramos"}, {"front": "poner", "back": "puso"}, {"front": "yo pusiera", "back": "nosotros pusiéramos"}, {"front": "querer", "back": "quiso"}, {"front": "yo quisiera", "back": "nosotros quisiéramos"}, {"front": "saber", "back": "supo"}, {"front": "yo supiera", "back": "nosotros supiéramos"}, {"front": "tener", "back": "tuvo"}, {"front": "yo tuviera", "back": "nosotros tuviéramos"}, {"front": "venir", "back": "vino"}, {"front": "yo viniera", "back": "nosotros viniéramos"}, {"front": "él viniera", "back": "tú vinieras"}, {"front": "ellos vinieran", "back": "vosotros vinierais"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 509, "repairs": 22}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Irregular preterits whose stem ends in -j have -eran, not -ieran, in the third-person plural. Take a look at decir, producir, and traer."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "decir", "producir", "traer", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "dijo", "produjo", "trajo", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo dijera", "nosotros dijéramos", "tú dijeras", "vosotros dijerais", "ella dijera", "ellas dijeran", "yo produjera", "nosotros produjéramos", "tú produjeras", "vosotros produjerais", "Ud. produjera", "Uds. produjeran", "o trajer:", "nosotros trajéramos", "ú trajera:", "vosotros trajerais", "él trajera", "ellos trajeran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9107142857142857, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "decir", "back": "dijo"}, {"front": "yo dijera", "back": "nosotros dijéramos"}, {"front": "producir", "back": "produjo"}, {"front": "yo produjera", "back": "nosotros produjéramos"}, {"front": "traer", "back": "trajo"}, {"front": "o trajer:", "back": "nosotros trajéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The conjugations for ir and ser are identical in the imperfect subjunctive. The meaning will be clarified in context."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Infinitive", "ser", "ir", "Third-Person", "Preterit", "fue", "fue", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "yo fuera", "nosotros fuéramos", "tú fueras", "vosotros fuerais", "Ud. fuera", "Uds. fueran", "yo fuera", "nosotros fuéramos", "tú fueras", "vosotros fuerais", "él fuera", "ellos fueran"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "ser", "back": "fue"}, {"front": "yo fuera", "back": "nosotros fuéramos"}, {"front": "ir", "back": "fue"}, {"front": "yo fuera", "back": "nosotros fuéramos"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About haber"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hubiera is the imperfect subjunctive form of haber, formed from the third-person singular of the preterit, hubo, meaning there was, there were."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0510-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["decir", "contradecir to contradict", "hacer", "deshacer to undo", "yo contradijera, etc", "yo deshiciera, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 510, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0511-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner", "componer to compose", "proponer to propose", "tener", "contener to contain", "detener to detain", "mantener to maintain", "producir", "conducir to conduct", "traducir to translate", "traer", "atraer to attract", "distraer to distract", "venir", "prevenir to prevent", "yo compusiera, etc", "yo propusiera, etc.", "yo contuviera, etc.", "yo detuviera, etc.", "yo mantuviera, etc", "yo condujera, etc.", "yo tradujera, etc.", "yo atrajera, etc.", "yo distrajera, etc.", "yo previniera, etc."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 511, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When the main clause contains a verb or expression that causes the subjunctive in a dependent clause, the presence of an element in the main clause that begins in the past makes it mandatory to use the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. You do not have to make any decisions, nor do you have a choice about whether or not to use it. The conditional can also cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain impersonal expressions in the main clause will cause the subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the impersonal expressions are in the preterit, the imperfect, or the conditional tense, they will cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. Note the differences in the English translations for the dependent clauses below, depending on what is expressed by the verb in the main clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0512-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Preterit", "Fue una lástima que no", "pudiéramos ir a la fiesta.", "Fue importante que ella no", "se enojara.", "Fue posible que el hombre", "colgara el teléfono.", "•", "Imperfect", "Era probable que ella no", "quisiera ir al dentista.", "Era posible que el estudiante", "supiera la respuesta.", "Era posible que Octavio", "la conociera en Madrid.", "•", "Conditional", "¿Sería posible que su esposo", "tuviera razón?", "¿Sería posible que Isabel", "se fuera?", "¿Sería posible que cocinaras", "esta noche?", "Sería necesario que la policía", "capturara el criminal.", "It was a shame that we were not", "able to go to the party.", "It was important that she not", "get angry.", "It was possible that the man", "hung up the telephone.", "It was probable that she didn't", "want to go to the dentist.", "It was possible that the student", "knew the answer:", "It was possible that Octavio", "met her in Madrid.", "Would it be possible that her", "husband was right?", "Would it be possible that Isabel", "went away?", "Would it be possible for you", "to cook tonight?", "It would be necessary that the", "police force capture the", "criminal"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 512, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.1", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses, then translate the sentence.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Fue fantástico que nosotros tuviéramos éxito. (tener) It was fantastic that we were successful.", "Era imposible que Octavio durmiera bien anoche. (dormir) It was impossible that Octavio slept well last night.", "¿Sería posible que ellos me vieran en el teatro? (ver) Would it be possible that they saw me in the theater?"], "prompts": ["1. Fue importante que Jaime me ___________________. (hablar)", "2. Era una lástima que ella no ___________________ bien anoche. (sentirse)", "3. ¿Fue posible que Uds. ___________________ a mi hermana? (conocer)", "4. Fue necesario que nosotros ___________________ ejercicios. (hacer)", "5. Era imposible que no ___________________ tráfico hoy. (haber)", "6. Fue urgente que la ambulancia ___________________ dentro de cinco minutos. (llegar)", "7. Era posible que nosotros le ___________________ un regalo a la maestra. (dar)", "8. Fue dudoso que mi sobrina me ___________________ la verdad; fue posible que me ___________________. (decir/mentir)", "9. Sería bueno que Uds. ___________________. (mejorarse)", "10. Era probable que toda la clase ___________________. (graduarse)", "11. Sería imposible que Sara ___________________ sin decirnos nada. (irse)", "12. Fue bueno que nosotros la ___________________. (llamar)", "13. Sería necesario que los turistas ___________________ mucha agua en las montañas. (tomar)", "14. Sería dudoso que nosotros ___________________ a México este año. (viajar)", "15. Fue posible que Beatriz e Isabel ___________________ en Italia. (quedarse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablara: It was important that James speak to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "llamáramos: It was good that we called her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.1 1. hablara: It was important that James speak to me. 2. se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night. 3. conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister? 4. hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises. 5. hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today. 6. llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes. 7. diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher. 8. dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me. 9. se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better. 10. se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated. 11. se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us. 12. llamáramos: It was good that we called her. 13. tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains. 14. viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year. 15. se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablara: It was important that James speak to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "llamáramos: It was good that we called her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablara: It was important that James speak to me. 2. se sintiera: It was a shame that she didn’t feel well last night. 3. conocieran: Was it possible that you knew my sister? 4. hiciéramos: It was necessary that we do exercises. 5. hubiera: It was impossible that there was no traffic today. 6. llegara: It was urgent that the ambulance arrive within five minutes. 7. diéramos: It was possible that we gave a present to the teacher. 8. dijera, mintiera: It was doubtful that my niece told me the truth; it was possible that she lied to me. 9. se mejoraran: It would be good that you get better. 10. se graduara: It was probable that the whole class graduated. 11. se fuera: It would be impossible that Sara left without saying anything to us. 12. llamáramos: It was good that we called her. 13. tomaran: It would be necessary that the tourists drink a lot of water in the mountains. 14. viajáramos: It would be doubtful that we travel to Mexico this year. 15. se quedaran: It was possible that Beatriz and Isabel stayed in Italy."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the verbs that cause the subjunctive mood in a dependent clause, namely, verbs that express wishes and preferences; verbs that express hope, regret and emotion; verbs that express orders; and verbs that express uncertainty. These verbs in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. If the main clause is in the preterit, the imperfect, or the conditional, the dependent clause will be in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0513-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["•", "Preterit", "Yo quise que Ud. cantara.", "Mi suegra se alegró de que yo", "la visitara.", "Tu amigo te pidió que lo", "llamaras.", "I wanted you to sing. (literally,", "I wanted that you sang.)", "My mother-in-law was happy", "that I visited her.", "Your friend asked you to call him"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 513, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0514-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Los padres de Paula le", "exigieron que ella", "compartiera sus juguetes.", "•", "Imperfect", "Yo esperaba que él tuviera", "tiempo.", "Julieta esperaba que Romeo", "viniera a verla.", "Esperábamos que Uds.", "pudieran pasar sus vacaciones", "con nosotros.", "•", "Conditional", "Los padres desearían que sus", "hijos jugaran en el parque.", "¿A Ud. le molestaría que yo", "fumara?", "Yo preferiría que él no viniera.", "Paula's parents demanded that", "she share her toys.", "I hoped that he had time.", "Juliet hoped that Romeo would", "come to see her.", "We were hoping that you would", "be able to spend your vacation", "with us.", "The parents would want their", "children to play in the park.", "Would it bother you that I smoke!", "I would prefer that he not come."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 514, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the English Translations"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "You can see that English translations of the imperfect subjunctive are not exact. Just remember that if you start out in either the past (preterit or imperfect) or the conditional in the main clause, the verb or impersonal expression will cause the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.2", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the preterit and the verb in the dependent clause is in the imperfect subjunctive.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Quise que ellas me escribieran.", "2. Mi vecino prefirió que yo no le trajera nada.", "3. Nos alegramos de que él llegara temprano.", "4. Ella nos rogó que no nos fuéramos.", "5. Me alegré de que te mudaras a una casa.", "6. El dueño insistió en que pagáramos la renta.", "7. Yo le dije a mi amigo que me llamara.", "8. El turista le sugirió al taxista que no condujera tan rápido."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wanted them to write to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We were glad that he arrived early", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "She begged us not to go", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "I was glad that you moved to a house", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The owner insisted that we pay the rent", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I told my friend to call me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.2 1. I wanted them to write to me. 2. My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him. 3. We were glad that he arrived early. 4. She begged us not to go. 5. I was glad that you moved to a house. 6. The owner insisted that we pay the rent. 7. I told my friend to call me. 8. The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wanted them to write to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We were glad that he arrived early", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "She begged us not to go", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "I was glad that you moved to a house", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The owner insisted that we pay the rent", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I told my friend to call me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wanted them to write to me. 2. My neighbor preferred that I bring nothing to him. 3. We were glad that he arrived early. 4. She begged us not to go. 5. I was glad that you moved to a house. 6. The owner insisted that we pay the rent. 7. I told my friend to call me. 8. The tourist suggested to the cab driver that he not drive so fast."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.3", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans3", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the preterit.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El abogado insistió en que la mujer fuera a la corte. (ser)"], "prompts": ["1. Yo quise que Julio me ___________________ en español. (hablar)", "2. Julio me aconsejó que yo ___________________ más. (estudiar)", "3. Susana insistió en que su primo ___________________ con su hermano. (bailar)", "4. Manuel no quiso que su esposa ___________________ en el cabaret. (cantar)", "5. Me alegré de que Uds. ___________________ a la clase. (venir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hablara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "estudiara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "bailara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "cantara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "vinieran", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.3 1. hablara 2. estudiara 3. bailara 4. cantara 5. vinieran", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hablara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "estudiara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "bailara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "cantara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "vinieran", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hablara 2. estudiara 3. bailara 4. cantara 5. vinieran"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.4", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans4", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Ella quería que sus padres ___________________ en Nueva York. (quedarse)", "2. La madre no quería que nosotros le ___________________ flores. (traer)", "3. La doctora le aconsejaba al paciente que ___________________ menos. (comer)", "4. El hombre le sugería que Ud. me ___________________ el libro. (prestar)", "5. La mujer esperaba que nosotros la ___________________. (ayudar)", "6. Los candidatos nos rogaban que ___________________ por ellos. (votar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se quedaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "trajéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "comiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "prestara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ayudáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "votáramos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.4 1. se quedaran 2. trajéramos 3. comiera 4. prestara 5. ayudáramos 6. votáramos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se quedaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "trajéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "comiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "prestara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ayudáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "votáramos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se quedaran 2. trajéramos 3. comiera 4. prestara 5. ayudáramos 6. votáramos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.5", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the verb in the main clause is in the conditional.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. El dentista esperaría que sus pacientes ___________________ en su oficina a las nueve de la mañana. (estar)", "2. Me gustaría que tú ___________________. (callarse)", "3. Ella se alegraría de que nosotros lo ___________________. (hacer)", "4. Te gustaría que yo te ___________________ al tren esta noche? (acompañar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "te callaras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hiciéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "acompañara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.5 1. estuvieran 2. te callaras 3. hiciéramos 4. acompañara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "te callaras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hiciéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "acompañara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estuvieran 2. te callaras 3. hiciéramos 4. acompañara"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.6", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans6", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El muchacho quería que sus padres le trajeran un regalo.", "2. Los amigos de Miguel querían que él perdiera peso.", "3. ¿Para qué querían Uds. que yo les prestara dinero?", "4. Federico esperaba que Linda se casara con él.", "5. La estudiante en España se alegró de que sus padres estuvieran orgullosos de ella.", "6. Yo quise que ellos se quedaran conmigo.", "7. Esperábamos que no fuera nada grave.", "8. El marido no quería que su esposa se jubilara."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The child wanted his parents to bring him a present", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Why did you want me to lend you money?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Fred hoped that Linda would marry him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "I wanted them to stay with me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that it was nothing serious", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The husband did not want his wife to retire", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.6 1. The child wanted his parents to bring him a present. 2. Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight. 3. Why did you want me to lend you money? 4. Fred hoped that Linda would marry him. 5. The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her. 6. I wanted them to stay with me. 7. We hoped that it was nothing serious. 8. The husband did not want his wife to retire.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The child wanted his parents to bring him a present", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Why did you want me to lend you money?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Fred hoped that Linda would marry him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "I wanted them to stay with me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that it was nothing serious", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The husband did not want his wife to retire", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The child wanted his parents to bring him a present. 2. Michael’s friends wanted him to lose weight. 3. Why did you want me to lend you money? 4. Fred hoped that Linda would marry him. 5. The student in Spain was glad that her parents were proud of her. 6. I wanted them to stay with me. 7. We hoped that it was nothing serious. 8. The husband did not want his wife to retire."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.7", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. Read the sentences and questions carefully.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE El hombre flaco no quería comer el helado. (comer)"], "prompts": ["1. Yo no quería ___________________ en el tren. Me gusta ___________________ en la ducha. (cantar/cantar)", "2. Es importante ___________________ bien para ___________________ bien. (comer/vivir)", "3. Fue importante que los doctores ___________________ a los pacientes. (cuidar)", "4. El hombre esperaba que sus vecinos ___________________ de escuchar música en alto volumen. (dejar)", "5. ¿Por qué me dijiste que yo te ___________________? (esperar)", "6. Susana le pidió a su hijo que ___________________. (acostarse)", "7. La mujer no quiso ___________________ en el ascensor. (bajar)", "8. Antes de ___________________ a México, Antonio llamó a sus amigos. (viajar)", "9. Yo no creía que ___________________ la verdad. (ser)", "10. ¿Qué querías tú que yo te ___________________? (decir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "cantar, cantar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "cuidaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "dejaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "esperara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se acostara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "bajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "viajar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.7 1. cantar, cantar 2. comer, vivir 3. cuidaran 4. dejaran 5. esperara 6. se acostara 7. bajar 8. viajar 9. fuera 10. dijera", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "cantar, cantar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "comer, vivir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "cuidaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "dejaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "esperara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se acostara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "bajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "viajar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. cantar, cantar 2. comer, vivir 3. cuidaran 4. dejaran 5. esperara 6. se acostara 7. bajar 8. viajar 9. fuera 10. dijera"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El barco económico"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lucía siempre tenía ganas de ir a las Islas Galápagos y quería que su buen amigo la acompañara, pero no quiso. Después de haberlo pensado bien, decidió ir sola, primero a Quito, capital de Ecuador. Ella conoció a mucha gente en la ciudad, exploró los vecindarios durante el día; por la noche volvía a su hotel que le costaba cinco dólares. Ella comía el desayuno en una cafetería, el almuerzo en otra, y cenaba en un buen restaurante en el centro. Esperaba que alguien pasara por allí, que la viera sentada, que entrara en el restaurante, y que hablara con ella. Esperaba que los dos se llevaran bien y que él quisiera ir con ella a la isla."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Al fin y al cabo, Lucía viajó a Guayaquil, la entrada de las islas, y la salida de los barcos y cruceros. En la agencia de viajes, le sugirieron que fuera en barco económico con un grupo pequeño de aventureros. “Costaría menos,” dijo la agente, “y sería más divertido el viaje.” La agente la convenció."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La mujer tomó la decisión, compró su pasaje de ida y vuelta para el próximo día, y después de una noche inquieta e indecisa, abordó el barco chiquito. Aquella primera noche, el barco salió, y entre las olas, la tormenta, y el huracán, los ocho pasajeros pasaron la noche mareados bajo las estrellas centelleantes del cielo."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0518-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Verbos", "abordar", "convencer", "llevarse (bien)", "tener ganas", "Nombres", "el huracán", "las olas", "la tormenta", "el vecindario", "Adjetivos", "centelleante", "inquieto", "to board", "to convince", "to get along (well,", "to desire", "the hurricane", "the waves", "the storm", "the neighborhood", "twinkling", "unquiet, agitated", "seasick"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 518, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0519-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["al fin y al cabo", "e indecisa", "el pasaje de ida y vuelta", "after all", "and indecisive (When expressing and in", "Spanish, e replaces y before a word that", "begins with an emphasized i- or hi..)", "round-trip ticket"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "al fin y al cabo", "back": "after all"}, {"front": "e indecisa", "back": "and indecisive (When expressing and in"}, {"front": "el pasaje de ida y vuelta", "back": "round-trip ticket"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 519, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuántos pasajeros hay en el barco económico?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Adónde fue Lucía?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿A ella le gustó Quito?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Quién habló con ella en el restaurante?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué decidió hacer?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Piensa Ud. que los pasajeros se van a divertir?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Conjunctions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive form follows certain conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject from the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0519-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ella les enseñó a sus estudiantes", "para que ellos aprendieran.", "Antes de que él fuera a España,", "le vendimos su boleto.", "En caso de que ellos te", "llamaran, ¿qué les dirías?", "A pesar de que Emil le diera", "flores, la mujer no aceptó", "su invitación.", "The professor taught her students", "so that they learned.", "Before he went to Spain, we sold", "him his ticket.", "In case they called you,", "what would you say to them?", "In spite of the fact that Emil gave", "her flowers, the woman didn't", "accept his invitation."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9324324324324325, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 519, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo no lo haría sin que Uds. me", "ayudaran.", "Yo te iba a esperar hasta que", "llegaras.", "I wouldn't do it without your", "helping me.", "I was going to wait for you until", "you arrived."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The subjunctive mood is used in a dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause of a sentence is indefinite or nonexistent. In the following examples, the objects and persons described in the main clause are not known."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Conoció Ud. a alguien que", "supiera hablar chino?", "Yo había buscado una piscina", "que quedara cerca de mi casa.", "Nunca encontramos a nadie", "que siempre tuviera razón.", "Did you meet anyone who knew", "how to speak Chinese?", "I had looked for a pool that was", "located near my house.", "We never found anyone who was", "always right."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9130434782608695, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "¿Conoció Ud. a alguien que", "back": "Did you meet anyone who knew"}, {"front": "supiera hablar chino?", "back": "how to speak Chinese?"}, {"front": "Yo había buscado una piscina", "back": "I had looked for a pool that was"}, {"front": "que quedara cerca de mi casa.", "back": "located near my house."}, {"front": "Nunca encontramos a nadie", "back": "We never found anyone who was"}, {"front": "que siempre tuviera razón.", "back": "always right."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "An interjection of Arabic origin, ojalá means would to God that or may God grant that and expresses great desire. It can also be translated as I hope."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que fuera verdad.", "Ojalá que Uds. vivieran aquí", "conmigo.", "Ojalá que pudiera hacerlo.", "Would to God that it were true.", "Would to God that you lived here", "with me.", "I hope that you were able to do it"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "Ojalá que fuera verdad.", "back": "Would to God that it were true."}, {"front": "Ojalá que Uds. vivieran aquí", "back": "Would to God that you lived here"}, {"front": "Ojalá que pudiera hacerlo.", "back": "I hope that you were able to do it"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• como si"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A verb that follows como si (as if) will be in the imperfect subjunctive. The verb in the main clause can be in the present, the past, or the conditional."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0520-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ud. le trata como si fuera niño.", "El hombre lo describe como si", "estuviera allí.", "You treat him as if he were a child", "The man describes it as if he were", "tere."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9130434782608695, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "Ud. le trata como si fuera niño.", "back": "You treat him as if he were a child"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 520, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Carla nos dio las direcciones", "como si supiéramos el camino.", "Los hombres nos saludaron como", "si nos conocieran.", "Los hombres nos hablaban como", "si los conociéramos.", "Pietro hablaría como si tuviera", "razón.", "Carla gave us directions as if we", "knew the way.", "The men greeted us as if they", "knew us.", "The men spoke to us as if we kneu", "them.", "Pietro would speak as if he were", "right."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• quisiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The verb querer can be used in the imperfect subjunctive in a main clause, where it is used to soften statements and questions. This form changes the translation of I want, for example, to I would like."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo quisiera", "tú quisieras", "Ud. quisiera", "nosotros quisiéramos", "vosotros quisierais", "Uds. quisieran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo quisiera", "back": "nosotros quisiéramos"}, {"front": "tú quisieras", "back": "vosotros quisierais"}, {"front": "Ud. quisiera", "back": "Uds. quisieran"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the meanings of the following pairs of sentences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Quiero más café, por favor.", "Quisiera más café, por favor:", "Queremos ir contigo al", "aeropuerto.", "Quisiéramos ir contigo.", "¿Quieres pedir prestado mi libro?", "¿Quisieras pedirlo prestado?", "I want more coffee, please.", "I would like more coffee, please.", "We want to go with you to the", "airport.", "We would like to go with you.", "Do you want to borrow my book?", "Would you like to borrow it?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• pudiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The imperfect subjunctive form of poder can be used independently in a main clause. It is used to soften statements, for example, puedo (I can, I am able) to yo pudiera (I could, I would be able)."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo pudiera", "tú pudieras", "ella pudiera", "nosotros pudiéramos", "vosotros pudierais", "ellas pudieran"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 3, "cards": [{"front": "yo pudiera", "back": "nosotros pudiéramos"}, {"front": "tú pudieras", "back": "vosotros pudierais"}, {"front": "ella pudiera", "back": "ellas pudieran"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the meanings of the following pairs of sentences:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0521-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", "¿Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", "Can you lend me ten dollars?", "Could you lend me ten dollars:"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", "back": "Can you lend me ten dollars?"}, {"front": "¿Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", "back": "Could you lend me ten dollars:"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 521, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0522-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["¿Nos puede dar mil dólares?", "¿Nos pudiera Ud. dar mil dólares?", "Can you give us a thousand", "dollars?", "Could you give us a thousand", "dollarse"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 522, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.8", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Sara habla sin ___________________ nada. (saber)", "2. La mamá prendió las luces para que sus hijos ___________________ ver. (poder)", "3. Él baila como si ___________________ un bailarín profesional. (ser)", "4. Ojalá que ella ___________________ hoy. (venir)", "5. ¿Había alguien que ___________________ todas las capitales de los Estados Unidos? (saber)", "6. Dolores preparó la comida antes de ___________________. (ducharse)", "7. Ella preparó la comida antes de que su hijo ___________________ para la escuela. (salir)", "8. El niño no quiere ___________________ las manos antes de ___________________. (lavarse/comer)", "9. Elena y su hermana viajan como si ___________________ mucho dinero. (tener)", "10. Ojalá que Fernando nos ___________________ la verdad. (decir)", "11. Isabel nos contó todo como si ella ___________________ allí. (estar)", "12. Antes de ___________________ a España, él estudió por dos años. (ir)", "13. Íbamos a jugar tenis hasta que ___________________ a llover. (empezar)", "14. La enfermera no le daría medicina a la paciente a menos que ella la ___________________. (necesitar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "saber", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pudieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "viniera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ducharse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "saliera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "lavarse, comer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "tuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "necesitara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.8 1. saber 2. pudieran 3. fuera 4. viniera 5. supiera 6. ducharse 7. saliera 8. lavarse, comer 9. tuvieran 10. dijera 11. estuviera 12. ir 13. empezara 14. necesitara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "saber", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pudieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "viniera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ducharse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "saliera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "lavarse, comer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "tuvieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "ir", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "necesitara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. saber 2. pudieran 3. fuera 4. viniera 5. supiera 6. ducharse 7. saliera 8. lavarse, comer 9. tuvieran 10. dijera 11. estuviera 12. ir 13. empezara 14. necesitara"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.9", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans9", "instruction": "Rewrite the following sentences in the past tense. Make sure you read the main clause carefully to see whether the subjunctive is necessary in the dependent clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES Yo sé que el tren viene. Yo sabía que el tren venía.", "Yo dudo que el tren venga. Yo dudaba que el tren viniera.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Laura quiere que su esposo la acompañe a Chile.", "2. Es necesario que la gente no fume en los edificios.", "3. Julia está contenta de que Uds. estén aquí.", "4. Yo sé que su nieta quiere ir a la universidad.", "5. Me alegro de que puedas correr en el maratón.", "6. ¿Qué quieres que yo haga?", "7. Raúl y yo esperamos que Uds. se encuentren bien.", "8. ¿Es importante que el carpintero sepa lo que está haciendo?", "9. Espero que el vuelo de mis amigos llegue a tiempo.", "10. Los deportistas dudan que ganemos el partido.", "11. Nuestros amigos nos ruegan que no subamos a la cumbre de la montaña.", "12. Los entrenadores insisten en que la gente haga más ejercicio."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué querías que yo hiciera?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.9 1. Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile. 2. Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes. 3. Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí. 4. Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad. 5. Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón. 6. ¿Qué querías que yo hiciera? 7. Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien. 8. Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo. 9. Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo. 10. Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido. 11. Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña. 12. Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "¿Qué querías que yo hiciera?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Laura quería/quiso que su esposo la acompañara a Chile. 2. Era/Fue necesario que la gente no fumara en los restaurantes. 3. Julia estaba/estuvo contenta de que Uds. estuvieran aquí. 4. Yo sabía que su nieta quería ir a la universidad. 5. Me alegré de que pudieras correr en el maratón. 6. ¿Qué querías que yo hiciera? 7. Raúl y yo esperábamos/esperamos que Uds. se encontraran bien. 8. Era/Fue importante que el carpintero supiera lo que estaba haciendo. 9. Esperaba/Esperé que el vuelo de mis amigos llegara a tiempo. 10. Los deportistas dudaban/dudaron que ganáramos el partido. 11. Nuestros amigos nos rogaban/rogaron que no subiéramos a la cumbre de la montaña. 12. Los entrenadores insistían/insistieron que la gente hiciera más ejercicio."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.10", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans10", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. It was necessary that she begin the lessons on time.", "2. It was a pity that he didn’t know how to express himself.", "3. Would it be possible that they had already left the reunion?", "4. Joann’s children begged her not to smoke.", "5. Would you like me to speak with your boss?", "6. My brother doubted that I sang well yesterday.", "7. My daughter’s teacher suggested that I call her.", "8. I wanted them to stay with me. They wanted me to go with them.", "9. I would like to make a documentary that is about the Incas.", "10. I want to take your photo, if you don’t mind."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.10 1. Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo. 2. Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse. 3. ¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión? 4. Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara. 5. ¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe? 6. Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer. 7. La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara. 8. Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos. 9. Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca. 10. Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Era/Fue necesario que ella empezara las lecciones a tiempo. 2. Era/Fue una lástima que él no supiera expresarse. 3. ¿Sería posible que ellos ya hubieran salido de la reunión? 4. Los hijos de Juana le rogaban/rogaron que no fumara. 5. ¿Quisieras que yo hablara con tu jefe? 6. Mi hermano dudó que yo cantara bien ayer. 7. La maestra de mi hija sugirió que yo la llamara. 8. Yo quería que ellos se quedaran conmigo. Ellos querían que yo fuera con ellos. 9. Me gustaría hacer un documental que se trata de los inca. 10. Yo quiero tomar su foto, si no le molesta."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you express the idea that an action would happen (conditional tense) if another action occurred in the past, the imperfect subjunctive is used in the clause that begins with si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0524-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si él tuviera más tiempo,", "me traería flores.", "If he had more time, he would", "bring me flowers."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "Si él tuviera más tiempo,", "back": "If he had more time, he would"}, {"front": "me traería flores.", "back": "bring me flowers."}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 524, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si Ud. anduviera más rápido,", "llegaría a tiempo.", "¿Si yo te diera un regalo,", "lo aceptarías?", "Si Ricardo bailara mejor,", "su compañera estaría contenta.", "If you walked more quickly,", "you would arrive on time.", "If I gave you a present,", "would you accept it?", "If Richard danced better,", "his companion would be happy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the si -clause in the Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A si -clause used with a present tense verb never causes the subjunctive. When you express the idea that an action will happen (future tense) if another action occurs in the present, the imperfect subjunctive is not used."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si tú vas, yo iré también.", "Si ellos vienen a verme, estaré", "contenta.", "Si Lola quiere asistir a una", "universidad, sus padres", "pagarán el primer año.", "If you go, I will go too.", "If they come to see me, 1 will be", "happy.", "If Lola wants to attend a university,", "her parents will pay the first year"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Si tú vas, yo iré también.", "back": "If you go, I will go too."}, {"front": "Si ellos vienen a verme, estaré", "back": "If they come to see me, 1 will be"}, {"front": "contenta.", "back": "happy."}, {"front": "Si Lola quiere asistir a una", "back": "If Lola wants to attend a university,"}, {"front": "universidad, sus padres", "back": "her parents will pay the first year"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the following examples, a clause whose verb is in the conditional tense begins the sentence. Note that the imperfect subjunctive follows the word si. It doesn’t matter whether the sentence begins with the conditional tense or the si - clause, the subjunctive always follows si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0525-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo iría a la fiesta si tú fueras", "también.", "Mi hermano me vería más,", "si viviera cerca.", "Podríamos hacer la tarea", "si tuviéramos más tiempo.", "Habría más gente en la playa", "si hiciera calor.", "Iríamos a verla si nos invitara.", "¿Me harías un préstamo si yo", "prometiera devolvértelo?", "I would go to the party if you", "were going also.", "My brother would see me more", "if he lived close by.", "We would be able to do the", "homework if we had more time", "There would be more people", "at the beach if it were hot.", "We would go to see her if she", "invited us.", "Would you give me a loan if I", "promised to return it to you?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 525, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "28.11", "ansAnchor": "ch28ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Each sentence requires both the conditional and the imperfect subjunctive verb forms. Remember that the imperfect subjunctive follows the si -clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES ¿Qué haría Ud. si sus amigos le dijeran una mentira? (hacer/decir)", "Si no hubiera tráfico, podríamos salir más tarde. (haber/poder)", "If the sentence or question includes the word si in a sentence that is not contrary-to-fact, but rather is simply a statement, the subjunctive is not used."], "prompts": ["1. Si Fernando ___________________ más alto, ___________________ deportista. (ser/ser)", "2. Si a María le ___________________ bailar, ___________________ a fiestas. (gustar/ir)", "3. Si nosotros le ___________________ cartas, nuestro amigo nos ___________________. (escribir/responder)", "4. Si yo ___________________ mejor, yo ___________________ reírme. (sentirse/poder)", "5. Los artistas ___________________ más dinero, si ___________________ sus pinturas. (ganar/vender)", "6. Los médicos dicen que los insomnes ___________________ mejor si ___________________ a la misma hora cada noche. (dormir/acostarse).", "7. Nosotros ___________________ con soltura si ___________________ todos los verbos. (hablar/saber)", "8. La muchacha no ___________________ frío si ___________________ la chaqueta. (tener/ponerse)", "9. El niño no ___________________ tanto si no le ___________________ el estómago. (llorar/doler)", "10. Yo no ___________________ si Ud. ___________________ que yo ___________________. (irse/querer/quedarse)"], "ocrLines": ["Si yo he dicho algo indiscreto,", "lo siento.", "If I have said something", "indiscreet, 1 am sorry", "Carla nos dio las direcciones", "como si supiéramos el camino.", "Los hombres nos saludaron como", "si nos conocieran.", "Los hombres nos hablaban como", "si los conociéramos.", "Pietro hablaría como si tuviera", "razón.", "Carla gave us directions as if we", "knew the way.", "The men greeted us as if they", "knew us.", "The men spoke to us as if we knew", "them.", "Pietro would speak as if he were", "right.", "The verb querer can be used in the imperfect subjunctive in a main", "clause, where it is used to soften statements and questions. This form", "changes the translation of I want, for example, to I would like.", "yo quisiera", "nosotros quisiéramos", "tú quisieras", "vosotros quisierais", "Ud. quisiera", "Uds. quisieran", "Quiero más café, por favor.", "Quisiera más café, por favor.", "Queremos ir contigo al", "aeropuerto.", "Quisiéramos ir contigo.", "¿Quieres pedir prestado mi libro?", "¿ Quisieras pedirlo prestado?", "I want more coffee, please.", "I would like more coffee, please.", "We want to go with you to the", "airport.", "We would like to go with you.", "Do you want to borrow my book?", "Would you like to borrow it?", "The imperfect subjunctive form of poder can be used independently in a", "main clause. It is used to soften statements, for example, puedo (I can, I", "am able) to yo pudiera (I could, I would be able).", "Si ellos han completado", "el curso, los felicito.", "Si Jaime estaba aquí, no lo", "vimos.", "If they have completed the course", "I congratulate them.", "If James was here, we didn't see", "him.", "yo pudiera", "tú pudieras", "ella pudiera", "nosotros pudiéramos", "vosotros pudierais", "ellas pudieran", "¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", "Can you lend me ten dollars?", "¿¡Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", "Could you lend me ten dollars?", "¿Nos puede dar mil dólares?", "¿Nos pudiera Ud. dar mil dólares?", "Can you give us a thousand", "dollars?", "Could you give us a thousand", "Exercise 28.8", "Complete the following sentences with either the infinitive or the correct", "imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses.", "1. Sara habla sin", "nada. (saber)", "2. La mamá prendió las luces para que sus hijos", "ver. (poder)", "3. Él baila como si", "4. Ojalá que ella", "5. ¿Había alguien que", "_ un bailarín profesional. (ser)", "hoy. (venir)", "_todas las capitales de los", "Estados Unidos? (saber)", "6. Dolores preparó la comida antes de .", "_. (ducharse)", "7. Ella preparó la comida antes de que su hijo.", "para la escuela. (salir)", "8. El niño no quiere", "_ las manos antes de", "_ (lavarse/comer)", "9. Elena y su hermana viajan como si", "dinero. (tener)", "10. Ojalá que Fernando nos", "mucho", "la verdad. (decir)"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "fuera, sería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "gustara, iría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "escribiéramos, respondería", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "me sintiera, podría", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "ganarían, vendieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "dormirían, se acostaran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "hablaríamos, supiéramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tendría, se pusiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "lloraría, doliera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "28.11 1. fuera, sería 2. gustara, iría 3. escribiéramos, respondería 4. me sintiera, podría 5. ganarían, vendieran 6. dormirían, se acostaran 7. hablaríamos, supiéramos 8. tendría, se pusiera 9. lloraría, doliera 10. me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "fuera, sería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "gustara, iría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "escribiéramos, respondería", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "me sintiera, podría", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "ganarían, vendieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "dormirían, se acostaran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "hablaríamos, supiéramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tendría, se pusiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "lloraría, doliera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "me iría, quisiera, me quedara", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. fuera, sería 2. gustara, iría 3. escribiéramos, respondería 4. me sintiera, podría 5. ganarían, vendieran 6. dormirían, se acostaran 7. hablaríamos, supiéramos 8. tendría, se pusiera 9. lloraría, doliera 10. me iría, quisiera, me quedara"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Xochicalco (The place of the flowers)"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Si Leonora pudiera viajar al pasado, ella viajaría al décimo siglo para averiguar por qué casi todos los centros de los mayas se habían desaparecido acerca del año 900 A.D. Nadie sabe la causa, según ella. Pienso que ella habría sido una buena arqueóloga por su curiosidad, pero me dijo que jamás le gustaba la idea de excavar la tierra, ni con máquinas, ni con las manos. Prefiere andar por las ruinas, sintiendo como era la vida en la edad de los mayas."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Has oído de Xochicalco, cerca de Cuernavaca, México? Supongo que no. Es poco conocido, pero magnífico, dice ella. La estructura principal se llama ‘la serpiente emplumada’ y ella se quedaba horas mirándola, tratando de entender lo que significa el arte del templo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me contó que quería subir la pirámide de Quetzalcóatl, pero no pudo. Un guía la vio intentar y la mostró como se hace. En vez de ascender recto, como hace casi toda la gente, él le dijo que subiera y bajara zigzagueando. De esta manera, escaló rápida y fácilmente."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "¿Has oído de Ceibal en Guatemala? Por fin, Leonora fue con otro fanático de los mayas y estaba muy feliz con su compañero. Viajaron por barco por el Río Pasión. Me habría gustado acompañarla también, pero ella no pensaba en mí. De todos modos, ella y su amigo se enteraron que Ceibal, poblado en 900 B.C. y abandonado en 900 A.D., habría podido ser el centro de la civilización maya. En un sitio bien escondido, vieron estatuas de hombres negros y otras que parecían ser judíos. Estoy seguro que se divirtieron mucho."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Leonora quería que yo te recomendara otros sitios fantásticos para explorar. En el Yucatán, sería una maravilla que visitaras las ruinas de Tulum en la costa de México, o Chitzén Itzá entre Cancún y Mérida, Uxmal donde se ve estatuas de Chac, el dios de la lluvia, o Tikal, en Guatemala, una de las más grandes de todas. Y si vas, no te olvides de mí y el secreto del zigzag."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0528-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["averiguar", "enterarse", "escalar", "excavar", "suponer", "zigzaguear", "to find out, to very", "to become informed", "to climb", "to excavate, to dig", "to suppose", "to zigzag"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 528, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es hombre o mujer el narrador/la narradora?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuántas personas hay en el cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Cuántas ruinas menciona la persona principal?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. De las ruinas mencionadas en esta narración, ¿cuál es la más antigua?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}, {"id": "ch29", "number": 29, "title": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive, also called the pluperfect subjunctive, is often translated the same as the indicative past perfect tense in English, for example, I had eaten. Like all subjunctives, this form must be caused by a verb or expression that causes the use of the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Formation of the Past Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive is a compound verb form. To form the past perfect subjunctive, use the imperfect subjunctive of the helping verb haber and follow it with the past participle of the main verb."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0529-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo hubiera contestado", "tú hubieras hablado", "ella hubiera escrito", "nosotros hubiéramos ido", "vosotros hubierais estudiado", "ellas hubieran votado", "I had answered", "you had spoken", "she had written", "we had gone", "you had studied", "they had voted"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7692307692307693, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 529, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Uses of the Past Perfect Subjunctive"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive expresses action that happened before another action occurred. As you know, the subjunctive mood cannot exist alone. An element in the main clause causes the subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Verbs"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain verbs cause the subjunctive in a dependent clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit), these verbs can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Yo esperaba", "I hoped (imperfect)", "que el avión hubiera llegado.", "that the plane had arrived.", "(past perfect subjunctive)", "Rosario quería", "que hubiéramos pagado la cuenta.", "Rosario wanted", "that we had paid the bill.", "(imperfect)", "(past perfect subjunctive)", "Me alegré", "de que ella hubiera vuelto.", "I was glad (preterit) that she had returned. (past perfect subjunctive,", "Ella dudaba que sus amigos", "She doubted that her friends", "hubieran tenido razón.", "had been right.", "Yo no creía que el alcalde", "I didn't believe that the mayor", "te hubiera reconocido.", "had recognized you.", "El niño temía que su madre", "The child feared that his mother", "se hubiera ido.", "had gone.", "Lo sentimos que Uds. no", "We were sorry that you had not", "se hubieran sentido bien.", "felt well."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9833333333333333, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "hubieran tenido razón.", "back": "She doubted that her friends"}, {"front": "El niño temía que su madre", "back": "had recognized you."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Certain impersonal expressions in the main clause cause the subjunctive in a dependent clause. If these expressions are in the past, they can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Fue posible que los niños", "se hubieran dormido.", "Era importante que yo hubiera", "asistido a la conferencia en", "México.", "It was possible that the children", "had fallen asleep.", "It was important that I had", "attended the conference in", "Merico."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 5, "cards": [{"front": "Fue posible que los niños", "back": "It was possible that the children"}, {"front": "se hubieran dormido.", "back": "had fallen asleep."}, {"front": "Era importante que yo hubiera", "back": "It was important that I had"}, {"front": "asistido a la conferencia en", "back": "attended the conference in"}, {"front": "México.", "back": "Merico."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• After ojalá"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The past perfect subjunctive is used to express a contrary-to-fact wish in the past with ojalá."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0530-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que yo hubiera sabido.", "I wish that I had known. /", "Would to God that had known"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 530, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0531-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Ojalá que la hubiéramos", "encontrado.", "Ojalá que ellos se hubieran", "quedado.", "Would to God that we had", "found her.", "Would to God that they had", "stayed."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "Ojalá que la hubiéramos", "back": "Would to God that we had"}, {"front": "encontrado.", "back": "found her."}, {"front": "Ojalá que ellos se hubieran", "back": "Would to God that they had"}, {"front": "quedado.", "back": "stayed."}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 531, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "• quisiera"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The use of the imperfect subjunctive of querer, most often quisiera, in the main clause can cause the past perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0531-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["La niña quisiera que su mamá", "le hubiera dado un caballo", "para su cumpleaños.", "Ellos quisieran que el hotel", "hubiera tenido una piscina.", "¿ Quisieras tú que yo te hubiera", "dicho la verdad?", "The child wished that her mother", "had given her a horse for her", "birthday.", "They wished that the hotel had", "had a swimming pool.", "Did you wish that I had told you", "the truth?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "La niña quisiera que su mamá", "back": "The child wished that her mother"}, {"front": "le hubiera dado un caballo", "back": "had given her a horse for her"}, {"front": "para su cumpleaños.", "back": "birthday."}, {"front": "Ellos quisieran que el hotel", "back": "They wished that the hotel had"}, {"front": "hubiera tenido una piscina.", "back": "had a swimming pool."}, {"front": "¿ Quisieras tú que yo te hubiera", "back": "Did you wish that I had told you"}, {"front": "dicho la verdad?", "back": "the truth?"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 531, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.1", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans1", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct past perfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. In these sentences, the main clause is in the imperfect or preterit. Note the element that causes the use of this mood.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Era importante que nosotros hubiéramos recibido el cheque. (recibir)"], "prompts": ["1. Jorge no estaba seguro que nosotros ___________________ la cuenta. (pagar)", "2. Ella esperaba que nosotros ___________________ una cita con su hija. (hacer)", "3. Yo no podía creer que mi amigo ___________________ tal cosa. (decir)", "4. No había nadie en la fiesta que ___________________ por todo el mundo. (viajar)", "5. La princesa nunca creía que su príncipe ___________________. (venir)", "6. Deseábamos que no ___________________ tanto. (llover)", "7. Elena se alegró mucho de que Uds. ___________________. (mejorarse)", "8. Sus parientes sintieron mucho que Irene y Gustavo no ___________________. (casarse)", "9. Roberto dudaba que nosotros ___________________ todo el dinero. (gastar)", "10. Yo no pensaba que las flores ___________________. (vivir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "hubiéramos pagado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hubiéramos hecho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "hubiera dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "hubiera viajado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "hubiera venido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "hubiera llovido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "se hubieran mejorado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "se hubieran casado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "hubiéramos gastado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "hubieran vivido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.1 1. hubiéramos pagado 2. hubiéramos hecho 3. hubiera dicho 4. hubiera viajado 5. hubiera venido 6. hubiera llovido 7. se hubieran mejorado 8. se hubieran casado 9. hubiéramos gastado 10. hubieran vivido", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "hubiéramos pagado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hubiéramos hecho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "hubiera dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "hubiera viajado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "hubiera venido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "hubiera llovido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "se hubieran mejorado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "se hubieran casado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "hubiéramos gastado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "hubieran vivido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. hubiéramos pagado 2. hubiéramos hecho 3. hubiera dicho 4. hubiera viajado 5. hubiera venido 6. hubiera llovido 7. se hubieran mejorado 8. se hubieran casado 9. hubiéramos gastado 10. hubieran vivido"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.2", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans2", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Ojalá que no se lo hubiéramos dicho.", "2. Ojalá que Uds. hubieran estado bien.", "3. Ojalá que hubiéramos ido de vacaciones.", "4. Fue necesario que el carpintero lo hubiera construido.", "5. Fue urgente que nosotros hubiéramos llevado al hombre enfermo al hospital.", "6. Era una lástima que nadie hubiera estado en el teatro.", "7. Esperábamos que todo el mundo se hubiera aprovechado de la situación.", "8. Los porteros dudaban que los inquilinos nuevos hubieran pintado las paredes.", "9. El abogado no pensaba que sus clientes hubieran ganado.", "10. Fue posible que los ladrones hubieran robado el banco."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "I wish that you had been well", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "I wish that we had gone on vacation", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It was a pity that no one had been in the theater", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.2 1. I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her. 2. I wish that you had been well. 3. I wish that we had gone on vacation. 4. It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it. 5. It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital. 6. It was a pity that no one had been in the theater. 7. We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation. 8. The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls. 9. The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won. 10. It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "I wish that you had been well", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "I wish that we had gone on vacation", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It was a pity that no one had been in the theater", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. I wish / Would to God that we had not said it to him/you/her. 2. I wish that you had been well. 3. I wish that we had gone on vacation. 4. It was necessary that the carpenter construct it. / It was necessary for the carpenter to have constructed it. 5. It was urgent that we take the sick man to the hospital. 6. It was a pity that no one had been in the theater. 7. We hoped that everyone had taken advantage of the situation. 8. The doormen doubted that the new tenants had painted the walls. 9. The lawyer didn’t think that his clients had won. 10. It was possible that the thieves had robbed the bank."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "The Contrary-to-Fact Conditional si- clause in the Past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "When you express the idea that an action would have happened (conditional perfect tense) if another action had occurred in the past, the past perfect subjunctive follows the clause that begins with si."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Review the conditional perfect tense:"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["yo habría hecho", "tú habrías comido", "ella habría hablado", "nosotros habríamos escrito", "vosotros habríais cocinado", "ellas habrían contestado", "I would have done", "you would have eaten", "she would have spoken", "we would have written", "you would have cooked", "they would have answered"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9342105263157895, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The si -clause expresses the idea that something would have happened if something else had happened. Remember that the subjunctive form follows si."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si yo hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo habría ido a verlo.", "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él habría llegado", "a tiempo.", "Ella habría sabido la respuesta", "si hubiera leído el cuento.", "Habríamos mirado la película", "si hubiéramos podido hallar", "la grabación.", "If I had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him.", "If Paul had followed the directions.", "he would have arrived on time.", "She would have known the answer", "if she had read the short story.", "We would have watched the movie", "if we had been able to find", "the tape."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9736842105263158, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A Word About the si -clause"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "In everyday speech, the perfect conditional (for example, habría hecho) is sometimes replaced by the past perfect subjunctive (hubiera hecho). In these sentences, when a si -clause is present, both clauses will contain the same tense—the past perfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Compare the following sentences to the ones you have just studied. Note that the English translations are the same. Both forms are correct."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0533-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si él hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo habría ido a verlo.", "Si él hubiera tenido más tiempo,", "yo hubiera ido a verlo.", "If he had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him.", "If he had had more time, I would", "have gone to see him."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9342105263157895, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 533, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0534-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él habría llegado", "a tempo.", "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "direcciones, él hubiera", "llegado a tiempo.", "Carmen habría sabido la", "respuesta si hubiera leído", "el cuento.", "Carmen hubiera sabido la", "respuesta si hubiera leído", "el cuento.", "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "en la mesa, ella las habría", "encontrado.", "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "en la mesa, ella las hubiera", "encontrado.", "If Paul had followed the directions", "he would have arrived on time.", "If Paul had followed the directions", "he would have arrived on time.", "Carmen would have known the", "answer if she had read the", "story.", "Carmen would have known the", "answer if she had read the", "story.", "If Ana had put the eyeglasses", "on the table, she would have", "found them.", "If Ana had put the eyeglasses", "on the table, she would have", "found them."], "ocrConfidence": 0.9852941176470589, "cardCount": 17, "cards": [{"front": "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", "back": "a tempo."}, {"front": "direcciones, él habría llegado", "back": "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las"}, {"front": "direcciones, él hubiera", "back": "he would have arrived on time."}, {"front": "llegado a tiempo.", "back": "If Paul had followed the directions"}, {"front": "Carmen habría sabido la", "back": "he would have arrived on time."}, {"front": "respuesta si hubiera leído", "back": "Carmen would have known the"}, {"front": "el cuento.", "back": "answer if she had read the"}, {"front": "Carmen hubiera sabido la", "back": "story."}, {"front": "respuesta si hubiera leído", "back": "Carmen would have known the"}, {"front": "el cuento.", "back": "answer if she had read the"}, {"front": "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "back": "story."}, {"front": "en la mesa, ella las habría", "back": "If Ana had put the eyeglasses"}, {"front": "encontrado.", "back": "on the table, she would have"}, {"front": "Si Ana hubiera puesto las gafas", "back": "found them."}, {"front": "en la mesa, ella las hubiera", "back": "If Ana had put the eyeglasses"}, {"front": "encontrado.", "back": "on the table, she would have"}, {"front": "If Paul had followed the directions", "back": "found them."}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 534, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.3", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans3", "instruction": "Review the conditional perfect tense, then translate the following sentences into Spanish. Remember that object pronouns are placed directly before the verb form and are never attached to the past participle.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE We would have eaten. Habríamos comido."], "prompts": ["1. I would have gone. ___________________", "2. You would have eaten. ___________________", "3. We would have laughed. ___________________", "4. They would have told you. ___________________", "5. The teachers would have taught. ___________________", "6. Marisa would have been happy. ___________________", "7. Hillary would have been president. ___________________", "8. It would have been possible. ___________________", "9. The women would have learned it. ___________________", "10. The men would have left. ___________________"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos le habrían dicho", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.3 1. Yo habría ido. 2. Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido. 3. Nos habríamos reído. 4. Ellos le habrían dicho. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente. 8. Habría sido posible. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido. 10. Los hombres habrían salido.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos le habrían dicho", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo habría ido. 2. Tú habrías comido. / Ud. habría comido. / Uds. habrían comido. 3. Nos habríamos reído. 4. Ellos le habrían dicho. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente. 8. Habría sido posible. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido. 10. Los hombres habrían salido."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.4", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish. These sentences include a contrary-to-fact si -clause.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE We would have eaten in the restaurant if we had gone there before. Habríamos comido en el restaurante si hubiéramos ido allá antes.", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. I would have gone to the party if I had not been afraid.", "2. You (Ud.) would have eaten the fish if we had cooked it at home.", "3. We would have laughed if the movie had been funny.", "4. They would have told you the truth if you (tú) had wanted to know it.", "5. The teachers would have taught if the students had arrived.", "6. Marisa would have been happy if she had known how to skate.", "7. Hillary would have been president if more people had voted for her.", "8. It would have been possible that they had seen me.", "9. The women would have learned it if they had bought the book.", "10. The men would have left the house if they had had somewhere to go."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.4 1. Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo. 2. Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa. 3. Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida. 4. Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella. 8. Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro. 10. Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. Yo habría ido a la fiesta si yo no hubiera tenido miedo. 2. Ud. habría comido el pescado si lo hubiéramos cocinado en casa. 3. Nos habríamos reído si la película hubiera sido chistosa/divertida. 4. Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú la hubieras querido saber. / Ellos te habrían dicho la verdad si tú hubieras querido saberla. 5. Los maestros habrían enseñado si los estudiantes hubieran llegado. 6. Marisa habría estado contenta si hubiera sabido patinar. 7. Hillary habría sido presidente si más gente hubiera votado por ella. 8. Habría sido posible que me hubieran visto. 9. Las mujeres lo habrían aprendido si hubieran comprado el libro. 10. Los hombres habrían salido de la casa si hubieran tenido adonde ir."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reference Chart: Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Mood"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the present subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Present and Future", "PRESENT INDICATIVE", "PRESENT PERFECT", "PRESENT PROGRESSIVE", "SIMPLE FUTURE", "FUTURE PERIPHRASTIC", "IMPERATIVE", "Ud. espera", "Ud. ha esperado", "Ud. está esperando", "Ud. esperará", "Ud. va a esperar", "Espere (Ud.)", "Present Subjunctive", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame.", "que su amiga llame."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the present perfect subjunctive, depending on the meaning you want to express."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Present and Future", "PRESENT INDICATIVE", "PRESENT PERFECT", "PRESENT PROGRESSIVE", "SIMPLE FUTURE", "FUTURE PERIPHRASTIC", "IMPERATIVE", "Yo espero", "He esperado", "Estoy esperando", "Esperaré", "Voy a esperar", "Espere (Ud.)", "Present Perfect Subjunctive", "que Sara haya llamado.", "que ella haya llamado.", "que Juan haya llamado.", "que ellos hayan llamado.", "que tú hayas llamado.", "que él haya llamado."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 10, "cards": [{"front": "Esperaré", "back": "Present and Future"}, {"front": "Voy a esperar", "back": "PRESENT INDICATIVE"}, {"front": "Espere (Ud.)", "back": "PRESENT PERFECT"}, {"front": "Present Perfect Subjunctive", "back": "PRESENT PROGRESSIVE"}, {"front": "que Sara haya llamado.", "back": "SIMPLE FUTURE"}, {"front": "que ella haya llamado.", "back": "FUTURE PERIPHRASTIC"}, {"front": "que Juan haya llamado.", "back": "IMPERATIVE"}, {"front": "que ellos hayan llamado.", "back": "Yo espero"}, {"front": "que tú hayas llamado.", "back": "He esperado"}, {"front": "que él haya llamado.", "back": "Estoy esperando"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit) or conditional, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the imperfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0536-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Past and Conditional", "IMPERFECT", "PRETERIT", "PAST PERFECT", "PAST PROGRESSIVE", "CONDITIONAL", "PERFECT CONDITIONAL", "Ud. insistía", "Ud. insistió", "Ud. había insistido", "Ud. estaba insistiendo", "Ud. estuvo insistiendo", "Ud. insistiría", "Ud. habría insistido", "Imperfect Subjunctive", "que él cantara.", "que el cantante cantara.", "que el cantante cantara.", "que ellos cantaran.", "que ellos cantaran.", "que cantáramos.", "que la cantante cantara."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 536, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "If the verb in the main clause is in the past (imperfect or preterit) or conditional, the verb in the dependent clause can be in the past perfect subjunctive."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0537-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["Past and Conditional", "IMPERFECT", "PRETERIT", "PAST PERFECT", "PAST PROGRESSIVE", "CONDITIONAL", "PERFECT CONDITIONAL", "Ud. insistía", "Ud. insistió", "Ud. había insistido", "Ud. estaba insistiendo", "Ud. estuvo insistiendo", "Ud. insistiría", "Ud. habría insistido", "Past Perfect Subjunctive", "que la bailarina hubiera", "bailado.", "que el bailarín hubiera", "bailado.", "que ellos hubieran bailado.", "que todos hubieran", "bailado.", "que todos hubieran", "bailado.", "que hubiéramos bailado.", "que yo hubiera bailado."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 537, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.5", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans5", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present tense.", "extra": ["EXAMPLE Te digo que te cuides. (cuidarse)"], "prompts": ["1. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (estar)", "2. Nos alegramos mucho de que el hombre ___________________ en el maratón. (correr)", "3. El cocinero espera que te ___________________ su comida. (gustar)", "4. Te digo que no ___________________. (quejarse)", "5. Es imposible que nosotros ___________________ todo. (saber)", "6. Dudamos que los inquilinos le ___________________ al dueño. (ganar)", "7. Ojalá que los huéspedes ___________________. (venir)", "8. ¿Hay alguien aquí que ___________________ cien dólares? (tener)", "9. Espero que Uds. ___________________ bien. (sentirse)", "10. La pareja sugiere que los invitados ___________________ bien. (vestirse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "corra", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "te quejes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sepamos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "se vistan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.5 1. estén 2. corra 3. guste 4. te quejes 5. sepamos 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. tenga 9. se sientan 10. se vistan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "estén", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "corra", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "guste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "te quejes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sepamos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "ganen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "vengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "tenga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "se sientan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "se vistan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. estén 2. corra 3. guste 4. te quejes 5. sepamos 6. ganen 7. vengan 8. tenga 9. se sientan 10. se vistan"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.6", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans6", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the imperative.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Dile al niño que ___________________. (acostarse)", "2. Dígale al taxista que nos ___________________ a nuestro destino. (llevar)", "3. Pídele al hombre malo que ___________________. (irse)", "4. Aconséjenles a los acusados que ___________________ un buen abogado. (conseguir)", "5. Deja que ellos ___________________. (entrar)", "6. No permitas que los niños ___________________. (caerse)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se acueste", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "lleve", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "consigan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "entren", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "se caigan", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.6 1. se acueste 2. lleve 3. se vaya 4. consigan 5. entren 6. se caigan", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se acueste", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "lleve", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "consigan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "entren", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "se caigan", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se acueste 2. lleve 3. se vaya 4. consigan 5. entren 6. se caigan"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.7", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans7", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the simple future or future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive).", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Será imposible que los adolescentes ___________________ a sus padres? (escuchar)", "2. Susana no irá a menos que su mejor amigo ___________________. (ir)", "3. Voy a pedir que la gente no ___________________ más. (fumar)", "4. Margarita insistirá que su compañero ___________________ el oficio de la casa. (hacer)", "5. El juego no se acabará hasta que la mujer gorda ___________________. (cantar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.7 1. escuchen 2. vaya 3. fume 4. haga 5. cante", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "escuchen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "vaya", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "fume", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "haga", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "cante", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. escuchen 2. vaya 3. fume 4. haga 5. cante"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.8", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans8", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct present subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the present perfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Yo he querido que Uds. ___________________ a mi novio. (conocer)", "2. ¿Has deseado que tu familia ___________________ viajar contigo? (poder)", "3. Le hemos dicho a la juventud que ___________________ ocho horas cada noche. (dormir)", "4. Juana les ha sugerido a sus padres que no ___________________ tanto. (trabajar)", "5. Las dos familias han esperado siempre que sus hijos ___________________ felices. (ser)", "6. ¿Quién se ha alegrado de que sus enemigos ___________________ éxito? (tener)", "7. Ha sido difícil que la gente ___________________ construir una casa nueva. (lograr)", "8. Ha sido bueno que nosotros ___________________ todo. (aprender)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "duerma", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "trabajen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "logre", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "aprendamos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.8 1. conozcan 2. pueda 3. duerma 4. trabajen 5. sean 6. tengan 7. logre 8. aprendamos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "conozcan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "pueda", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "duerma", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "trabajen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "sean", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "tengan", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "logre", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "aprendamos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. conozcan 2. pueda 3. duerma 4. trabajen 5. sean 6. tengan 7. logre 8. aprendamos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.9", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans9", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the preterit.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Fue necesario que los bomberos ___________________ en la casa quemada. (entrar)", "2. El soldado dudó que ___________________ mucho peligro. (haber)", "3. Mandé que el camarero me ___________________ la cuenta. (traer)", "4. Ella salió sin que nosotros ___________________. (fijarse)", "5. Yo te rogué que ___________________ a mi lado. (sentarse)", "6. El dueño mandó que nosotros ___________________ del edificio en seguida. (salir)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "entraran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "hubiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "trajera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "nos fijáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "te sentaras", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "saliéramos", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.9 1. entraran 2. hubiera 3. trajera 4. nos fijáramos 5. te sentaras 6. saliéramos", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "entraran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "hubiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "trajera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "nos fijáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "te sentaras", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "saliéramos", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. entraran 2. hubiera 3. trajera 4. nos fijáramos 5. te sentaras 6. saliéramos"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.10", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans10", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the imperfect.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. Julia esperaba que su amigo ___________________. (mejorarse)", "2. Ellos temían que Ud. no ___________________. (regresar)", "3. Los profesores se alegraban de que a sus alumnos les ___________________ su clase. (encantar)", "4. Estábamos contentos de que Miguel le ___________________ el anillo. (dar)", "5. José lo sentía que nosotros no ___________________. (animarse)", "6. Yo no creía que tú me ___________________. (ver)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "se mejorara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "regresara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "encantara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "diera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "nos animáramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "vieras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.10 1. se mejorara 2. regresara 3. encantara 4. diera 5. nos animáramos 6. vieras", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "se mejorara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "regresara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "encantara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "diera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "nos animáramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "vieras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. se mejorara 2. regresara 3. encantara 4. diera 5. nos animáramos 6. vieras"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.11", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans11", "instruction": "Complete the following sentences with the correct imperfect subjunctive form of the verb in parentheses. The verb in the main clause is in the conditional.", "extra": [], "prompts": ["1. ¿Sería posible que la guerra no ___________________? (empezar)", "2. ¿Sería posible que la gente poderosa ___________________ de la guerra? (desistir)", "3. Sería probable que los turistas de la ciudad ___________________ en el campo. (perderse)", "4. Ella lo haría si ___________________ necesario. (ser)", "5. La mujer viajaría si ___________________ caminar. (poder)", "6. El hombre tocaría el violín como si ___________________ en el concierto. (estar)", "7. ¿Te gustaría que nosotros ___________________ con tu jefe? (hablar)", "8. Yo iría a Bolivia si yo ___________________ bien el español. (saber)", "9. ¿Qué haría Ud. si su mejor amigo no le ___________________ nada? (decir)", "10. ¿Cambiarías tu manera de vivir si tú ___________________ mucho dinero? (ganar)"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "desistiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "se perdieran", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "pudiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "habláramos", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "ganaras", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.11 1. empezara 2. desistiera 3. se perdieran 4. fuera 5. pudiera 6. estuviera 7. habláramos 8. supiera 9. dijera 10. ganaras", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "empezara", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "desistiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "se perdieran", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "fuera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "pudiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "estuviera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "habláramos", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "supiera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "dijera", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "ganaras", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. empezara 2. desistiera 3. se perdieran 4. fuera 5. pudiera 6. estuviera 7. habláramos 8. supiera 9. dijera 10. ganaras"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "29.12", "ansAnchor": "ch29ans12", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. El autor leyó el artículo para que pudiéramos entenderlo.", "2. Antes de que su novia fuera a España, Federico estudió el español por dos años.", "3. Íbamos a jugar al tenis hasta que empezara a llover.", "4. El doctor sabía que al paciente se le había hinchado la rodilla.", "5. Elena aprendería a hablar español, pero no le gusta estudiar.", "6. Fue necesario que el mejor arquitecto diseñara el museo.", "7. No sería posible que sucediera tal desastre.", "8. El juez esperó que los testigos hubieran visto todo.", "9. Los turistas llegarían a las dos si los trenes no se demoraran tanto.", "10. Yo hubiera ido de vacaciones con ella si ella me hubiera invitado.", "11. ¿Le habrías hecho el favor si Andrés te hubiera pedido?", "12. ¿Sería posible que Uds. aprendieran y entendieran todas las lecciones?"], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The author read the article so that we could understand it", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "We were going to play tennis until it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "29.12 1. The author read the article so that we could understand it. 2. Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years. 3. We were going to play tennis until it began to rain. 4. The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen. 5. Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study. 6. It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum. 7. It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur. 8. The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything. 9. The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed. 10. I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me. 11. Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you? 12. Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The author read the article so that we could understand it", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "We were going to play tennis until it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The author read the article so that we could understand it. 2. Before his girlfriend went to Spain, Fred studied Spanish for two years. 3. We were going to play tennis until it began to rain. 4. The doctor knew that his patient’s knee had swollen. 5. Elena would learn to speak Spanish, but she doesn’t like to study. 6. It was necessary for the best architect to design the museum. 7. It wouldn’t be possible for such a disaster to occur. 8. The judge hoped that the witnesses had seen everything. 9. The tourists would arrive a two o’clock if the trains weren’t so delayed. 10. I would have gone on vacation with her if she had invited me. 11. Would you have done him the favor if Andrew had asked you? 12. Would it be possible that you learned and understood all the lessons?"}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Su punto de vista"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lo confieso: no pienso mucho en la comida. Si yo hubiera sido mejor cocinera, si hubiera tenido el talento para combinar ingredientes, tal vez yo hubiera podido disfrutar más las celebraciones de glotonería."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Era un día nublado de noviembre. Lo recuerdo bien. Yo vivía con cuatro mujeres en un apartamento grande y alegre, de colores exuberantes. Cada noviembre hacíamos planes para el día de acción de gracias. Mi compañera de cuarto cocinaba un pavo de dieciocho libras y se despertaba durante la noche para lardearlo. Otra amiga horneaba un pastel de calabaza. Un amigo que vivía cerca traía verduras, frutas y queso. Para la gente a quien no le gustaba el pavo, cocinábamos jamón, chuletas, pescado, pollo asado y pato. Invitábamos a todos nuestros amigos. A las cinco de la tarde, empezábamos nuestra cena con la bebida tradicional—el ponche de huevo. Aquella noche, dejé mi plato de cebollas y judías verdes y me fui."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Huí a un restaurante y cené sola, pero no me importó. Por lo menos, no me tocó comer pavo. Hubo muchas tentaciones como mejillones en vino blanco, camarones y langosta en salsa verde y calamares fritos. Ofrecieron una ensalada con manzanas, nueces y pasas, aceitunas y tomates. Para el plato fuerte, ordené la paella para dos porque lleva mariscos, guisantes y chorizo. Después de descansar un rato, comí el flan de España y el helado de fresas. Bebí agua mineral; no tomé ni vino, ni cerveza, ni champaña, ni licor y no me emborraché. Volví a casa; mis amigos estuvieron contentos de verme, les había gustado mi plato de verduras y todos se acostaron agradecidos."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0542-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["combinar", "emborracharse", "hornear", "lardear", "ordenar", "tocarle (a uno)", "to combine", "to get drunk", "to bake", "to baste", "to order", "to have to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 542, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0542-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["la aceituna", "los calamares", "los camarones", "la cebolla", "el chorizo", "la chuleta", "la glotonería", "los guisantes", "el jamón", "la judía verde", "la langosta", "la libra", "la manzana", "el marisco", "the olive", "the squid", "the shrimp", "the onion", "the sausage", "the pork chop", "gluttony", "the peas", "the ham", "the string bean", "the lobster", "the pound", "the apple", "the shellfish"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9655172413793104, "cardCount": 14, "cards": [{"front": "la aceituna", "back": "the olive"}, {"front": "los calamares", "back": "the squid"}, {"front": "los camarones", "back": "the shrimp"}, {"front": "la cebolla", "back": "the onion"}, {"front": "el chorizo", "back": "the sausage"}, {"front": "la chuleta", "back": "the pork chop"}, {"front": "la glotonería", "back": "gluttony"}, {"front": "los guisantes", "back": "the peas"}, {"front": "el jamón", "back": "the ham"}, {"front": "la judía verde", "back": "the string bean"}, {"front": "la langosta", "back": "the lobster"}, {"front": "la libra", "back": "the pound"}, {"front": "la manzana", "back": "the apple"}, {"front": "el marisco", "back": "the shellfish"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 542, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el mejillón", "la nuez, las nueces", "la paella", "la pasa", "el pastel de calabaza", "el pato", "el pavo", "el pescado", "el plato fuerte", "el pollo asado", "el ponche de huevo", "el queso", "las verduras", "the mussel", "the nut, the nuts", "the traditional rice dish of Spain", "the raisin", "the pumpkin pie", "the duck", "the turkey", "the fish", "the main course", "the roast chicken", "the eggnog", "the cheese", "the vegetables"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9807692307692307, "cardCount": 13, "cards": [{"front": "el mejillón", "back": "the mussel"}, {"front": "la nuez, las nueces", "back": "the nut, the nuts"}, {"front": "la paella", "back": "the traditional rice dish of Spain"}, {"front": "la pasa", "back": "the raisin"}, {"front": "el pastel de calabaza", "back": "the pumpkin pie"}, {"front": "el pato", "back": "the duck"}, {"front": "el pavo", "back": "the turkey"}, {"front": "el pescado", "back": "the fish"}, {"front": "el plato fuerte", "back": "the main course"}, {"front": "el pollo asado", "back": "the roast chicken"}, {"front": "el ponche de huevo", "back": "the eggnog"}, {"front": "el queso", "back": "the cheese"}, {"front": "las verduras", "back": "the vegetables"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Adjetivo"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["nublado", "cloudt"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 1, "cards": [{"front": "nublado", "back": "cloudt"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0543-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tal vez.", "ın rato", "perhaps", "a little while"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9761904761904762, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 2, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 543, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Answer the following questions orally."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Es hombre o mujer la persona principal del cuento?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Están enfadadas con ella sus compañeras de cuarto?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Te gusta celebrar el día de acción de gracias?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Te molesta comer solo/sola?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "6. ¿Cocinas bien?"}]}, {"id": "ch30", "number": 30, "title": "Idioms", "part": 6, "blocks": [{"kind": "paragraph", "text": "A modismo is a word or phrase that does not translate exactly into English. Modismos are idioms; they are not slang."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms with Prepositions"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0544-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["a fuerza de", "a la derecha", "a la izquierda", "a la vez.", "a lo lejos", "a lo mejor", "a pie", "a principios de", "a solas", "a través de", "al aire libre", "al mismo tiempo", "al principio", "al revés", "de buen humor", "de buena gana", "de día", "de esta manera", "de hoy en adelante", "de mal humor", "de mala gana", "by dint of", "to the right", "to the left", "at the same time", "in the distance", "probably", "on foot", "at the beginning of", "alone", "across", "in the open air", "at the same time", "at the beginning, early on", "inside out", "in a good mood", "willingly", "by day", "in this way", "from now on", "in a bad mood", "unwillingly"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 544, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0545-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["de ninguna manera", "de noche", "de nuevo", "de pie", "de pronto", "de repente", "de todos modos", "¿de veras?", "derecho", "día/semana/mes/año", "de por medio", "en cambio", "en cuanto a", "en etecto", "en seguida", "por ninguna parte", "por todas partes", "recto", "by no means", "by night", "again", "standing", "suddenly", "suddenly", "anyway", "really?", "straight ahead", "every other day/week/month/year", "on the other hand", "in regard to", "~ jact, as a matter of fac", "ight awar", "nowhere, not anywhere", "everywhere", "straight ahead"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 545, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.1", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans1", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Al principio, todo era maravilloso.", "2. Te pusiste la camisa al revés.", "3. A fuerza del estudio, ella aprendió bien la historia.", "4. Fuimos a Madrid a pie.", "5. No me hables ahora; estoy de mal genio.", "6. Ellos no encontraron sus llaves por ninguna parte.", "7. No sé qué hacer en cuanto a sus problemas.", "8. De día trabajo, de noche duermo.", "9. Si queremos llegar a tiempo, tenemos que ir a la derecha.", "10. La muchacha puede escuchar música y estudiar a la vez.", "11. Pienso estar en México a principios de julio.", "12. Él me prestó su carro de mala gana.", "13. Les gusta cenar al aire libre.", "14. En efecto, Pablo lo supo ayer pero no me dijo nada.", "15. Un barco nos llevó a través del río.", "16. Estoy de muy buen humor hoy.", "17. Ud. debe caminar a la izquierda.", "18. A lo mejor, Enrique y Salomé vendrán la semana que viene.", "19. Lo hacemos de buena gana.", "20. El hombre prefiere caminar derecho.", "21. A lo lejos, la veo venir.", "22. Me gusta descansar. A mi amiga en cambio le gusta trabajar.", "23. Les digo que lo hagan de esta manera.", "24. Escribo guiones para la televisión. ¿De veras?", "25. Miguel no tiene mucho dinero, pero decidió viajar de todos modos.", "26. Tú no tuviste éxito la primera vez, pero trataste de nuevo.", "27. De hoy en adelante, vamos a correr cada día.", "28. Asistimos a las clases día de por medio.", "29. De repente, empezó a llover.", "30. Se ve lo bueno y lo malo por todas partes."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "At the beginning, everything was wonderful", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "You put on your blouse inside out", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "By dint of study, she learned history well", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "We went to Madrid on foot", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "They didn’t find their keys anywhere", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "By day, I work; by night, I sleep", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 11, "answer": "I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 12, "answer": "He lent me his car unwillingly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 13, "answer": "They like to dine in the open air", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 14, "answer": "In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 15, "answer": "A boat carried us across the river", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 16, "answer": "I am in a very good mood today", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 17, "answer": "You should walk to the left", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 18, "answer": "Probably Henry and Salome will come next week", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 19, "answer": "We do it willingly", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 20, "answer": "The man prefers to walk straight ahead", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 21, "answer": "In the distance, I see her coming", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 22, "answer": "I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 23, "answer": "I tell them to do it in this way", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 24, "answer": "I write scripts for television. Really?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 25, "answer": "Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 26, "answer": "You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 27, "answer": "From now on, we are going to run every day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 28, "answer": "We attend class every other day", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 29, "answer": "Suddenly, it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 30, "answer": "One sees the good and the bad everywhere", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.1 1. At the beginning, everything was wonderful. 2. You put on your blouse inside out. 3. By dint of study, she learned history well. 4. We went to Madrid on foot. 5. Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood. 6. They didn’t find their keys anywhere. 7. I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems. 8. By day, I work; by night, I sleep. 9. If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right. 10. The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time. 11. I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July. 12. He lent me his car unwillingly. 13. They like to dine in the open air. 14. In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me. 15. A boat carried us across the river. 16. I am in a very good mood today. 17. You should walk to the left. 18. Probably Henry and Salome will come next week. 19. We do it willingly. 20. The man prefers to walk straight ahead. 21. In the distance, I see her coming. 22. I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work. 23. I tell them to do it in this way. 24. I write scripts for television. Really? 25. Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway. 26. You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again. 27. From now on, we are going to run every day. 28. We attend class every other day. 29. Suddenly, it began to rain. 30. One sees the good and the bad everywhere.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "At the beginning, everything was wonderful", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "You put on your blouse inside out", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "By dint of study, she learned history well", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "We went to Madrid on foot", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "They didn’t find their keys anywhere", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "By day, I work; by night, I sleep", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time", "alternates": []}, {"number": 11, "answer": "I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July", "alternates": []}, {"number": 12, "answer": "He lent me his car unwillingly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 13, "answer": "They like to dine in the open air", "alternates": []}, {"number": 14, "answer": "In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me", "alternates": []}, {"number": 15, "answer": "A boat carried us across the river", "alternates": []}, {"number": 16, "answer": "I am in a very good mood today", "alternates": []}, {"number": 17, "answer": "You should walk to the left", "alternates": []}, {"number": 18, "answer": "Probably Henry and Salome will come next week", "alternates": []}, {"number": 19, "answer": "We do it willingly", "alternates": []}, {"number": 20, "answer": "The man prefers to walk straight ahead", "alternates": []}, {"number": 21, "answer": "In the distance, I see her coming", "alternates": []}, {"number": 22, "answer": "I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work", "alternates": []}, {"number": 23, "answer": "I tell them to do it in this way", "alternates": []}, {"number": 24, "answer": "I write scripts for television. Really?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 25, "answer": "Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway", "alternates": []}, {"number": 26, "answer": "You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again", "alternates": []}, {"number": 27, "answer": "From now on, we are going to run every day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 28, "answer": "We attend class every other day", "alternates": []}, {"number": 29, "answer": "Suddenly, it began to rain", "alternates": []}, {"number": 30, "answer": "One sees the good and the bad everywhere", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. At the beginning, everything was wonderful. 2. You put on your blouse inside out. 3. By dint of study, she learned history well. 4. We went to Madrid on foot. 5. Don’t speak to me now; I’m in a bad mood. 6. They didn’t find their keys anywhere. 7. I don’t know what to do in regard to your/his/her/their problems. 8. By day, I work; by night, I sleep. 9. If we want to arrive on time, we have to go to the right. 10. The girl can / is able to listen to music and study at the same time. 11. I think I’ll be in Mexico at the beginning of July. 12. He lent me his car unwillingly. 13. They like to dine in the open air. 14. In fact, Paul found out yesterday but said nothing to me. 15. A boat carried us across the river. 16. I am in a very good mood today. 17. You should walk to the left. 18. Probably Henry and Salome will come next week. 19. We do it willingly. 20. The man prefers to walk straight ahead. 21. In the distance, I see her coming. 22. I like to rest. On the other hand, my friend likes to work. 23. I tell them to do it in this way. 24. I write scripts for television. Really? 25. Michael doesn’t have a lot of money, but he decided to travel anyway. 26. You weren’t successful the first time, but you tried again. 27. From now on, we are going to run every day. 28. We attend class every other day. 29. Suddenly, it began to rain. 30. One sees the good and the bad everywhere."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Idioms with Verbs"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With tener"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tener _", "_ años", "tener calor", "tener celos", "tener cuidado", "tener dolor de (cabeza)", "tener envidia", "tener éxito", "tener frío", "tener ganas de", "tener hambre", "tener la culpa", "tener la palabra", "tener lugar", "tener mala cara", "tener miedo de", "to be", "- Years old", "to be hot", "to be jealous", "to be careful", "to have a (head)ache", "to be envious", "to be successful, to have success", "to be cold", "to want, to desire", "to be hungry", "to take the blame, to be at fault", "to have the floor", "to take place", "to look bad", "to be afraid of, to have fear of"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "tener _", "back": "_ años"}, {"front": "to be", "back": "- Years old"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "bbox", 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hacer"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hace buen/mal tiempo", "hace calor", "hace frío", "hace viento", "it's good/bad weather", "it's hot/warm", "it's cold", "it's windy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "hace buen/mal tiempo", "back": "it's good/bad weather"}, {"front": "hace calor", "back": "it's hot/warm"}, {"front": "hace frío", "back": "it's cold"}, {"front": "hace viento", "back": "it's windy"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 548, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hacer caso a", "hacer daño a", "hacer el bien/el mal", "hacer falta", "hacer un papel", "hacer un viaje", "hacerse + profession", "hacerse daño", "hacerse tarde", "to pay attention to", "to harm", "to do good/bad", "to be lacking", "to play a part", "to take a trip", "to become", "to hurt oneself", "to become late"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7777777777777778, "cardCount": 9, "cards": [{"front": "hacer caso a", "back": "to pay attention to"}, {"front": "hacer daño a", "back": "to harm"}, {"front": "hacer el bien/el mal", "back": "to do good/bad"}, {"front": "hacer falta", "back": "to be lacking"}, {"front": "hacer un papel", "back": "to play a part"}, {"front": "hacer un viaje", "back": "to take a trip"}, {"front": "hacerse + profession", "back": "to become"}, {"front": "hacerse daño", "back": "to hurt oneself"}, {"front": "hacerse tarde", "back": "to become late"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With hay"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["hay cupo", "hay que", "there is space", "it is necessary"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "hay cupo", "back": "there is space"}, {"front": "hay que", "back": "it is necessary"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With llevar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["llevar a cabo", "llevar la contraria", "Ilevarse (algo)", "llevarse bien/mal con", "to carry out (a project, for example,", "to take the opposite point of vieu", "to carry (something) away", "to get along well/badly with"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9375, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With meter"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-04.jpg", "ocrLines": ["meter la pata", "to put one's foot in one's mouth", "meter las narices", "to snoop around", "meterse en donde no le llaman", "to meddle"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "meter la pata", "back": "to put one's foot in one's mouth"}, {"front": "meterse en donde no le llaman", "back": "to meddle"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With poner"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-05.jpg", "ocrLines": ["poner a alguien por las nubes", "poner en claro", "poner en duda", "poner en ridículo", "poner las cartas sobre la mesa", "poner pleito", "ponerse a", "to heap praise on someone", "to make clear", "to put in doubt", "to make look ridiculous", "to put the cards on the table", "to sue", "to start to"], "ocrConfidence": 0.8571428571428571, "cardCount": 7, "cards": [{"front": "poner a alguien por las nubes", "back": "to heap praise on someone"}, {"front": "poner en claro", "back": "to make clear"}, {"front": "poner en duda", "back": "to put in doubt"}, {"front": "poner en ridículo", "back": "to make look ridiculous"}, {"front": "poner las cartas sobre la mesa", "back": "to put the cards on the table"}, {"front": "poner pleito", "back": "to sue"}, {"front": "ponerse a", "back": "to start to"}], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With quedar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0549-06.jpg", "ocrLines": ["quedar boquiabierto", "quedar en", "quedarse con", "quedarse con el día y la noche", "to be left astonished", "to agree on", "to keep", "to be left penniless"], "ocrConfidence": 0.7571428571428571, "cardCount": 4, "cards": [{"front": "quedar boquiabierto", "back": "to be left astonished"}, {"front": "quedar en", "back": "to agree on"}, {"front": "quedarse con", "back": "to keep"}, {"front": "quedarse con el día y la noche", "back": "to be left penniless"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 549, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "With tomar"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0550-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["tomar en serio", "tomarle el pelo", "tomárselo con calma", "to take seriously", "to pull someones leg", "to take it easy"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "tomar en serio", "back": "to take seriously"}, {"front": "tomárselo con calma", "back": "to take it easy"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 550, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.2", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans2", "instruction": "Match each of the following sentences with the idiom that best describes it.", "extra": [], "prompts": [], "ocrLines": ["2.", "3.", "4.", "6.", "Es agosto en Nueva York.", "Estamos cansados.", "Él no se equivoca.", "No hay agua en el desierto.", "No hice nada malo.", "A mi amigo le gusta apostar.", "a. No tiene mucha suerte.", "b. No tengo la culpa.", "c. Tenemos calor.", "d. Siempre tiene razón.", "e. Los animales tienen sed", "f. Tenemos sueño.", "tener mucho/poco/algo/", "nada que hacer", "tener por", "tener prisa", "tener que ver con", "tener rabia", "tener razón", "tener sed", "tener sueño", "tener suerte", "tener vergüenza", "With dar", "dar a", "dar con", "dar de comer", "dar gritos", "dar la cara", "dar la hora", "dar las gracias", "dar un abrazo", "dar un paseo", "dar una vuelta", "darse cuenta de", "darse la mano", "darse por vencido", "darse prisa", "With echar", "to have a lot/a littlelsomething/", "nothing to do", "to take someone for, to consider someone", "to be", "to be in a hurry", "to have to do with", "to be in a rage, to be very angry", "to be right", "to be thirsty", "to be sleepy", "to be lucky", "to be ashamed", "to lead to (places)", "to run into", "to feed", "to shout", "to face", "to strike the hour", "to give thanks", "to give a hug, to embrace", "to take a walk", "to realize", "to shake hands", "to give up", "to hurry"], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "c", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "f", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "d", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "e", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "b", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "a", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.2 1. c 2. f 3. d 4. e 5. b 6. a", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "c", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "f", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "d", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "e", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "b", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "a", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. c 2. f 3. d 4. e 5. b 6. a"}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.3", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans3", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. Cristina le hace caso a su maestro porque le agrada.", "2. Elisa se lleva bien con su suegra.", "3. Al niño le gustaba dar de comer a los pájaros en el parque.", "4. El hotel da a la plaza.", "5. Guillermo se hizo abogado.", "6. Hace mucho tiempo que la visitante no ve a su patria. La extraña mucho y quiere darles un abrazo a todos sus amigos.", "7. Me gustó el chaleco guatemalteco; le di doscientos pesos al vendedor y me lo llevé.", "8. Me di cuenta de que todo no estaba bien.", "9. La niña se echó a llorar.", "10. Los mariscos me hacen daño."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "The boy liked to feed the birds in the park", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "The hotel faces the plaza", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "Bill became a lawyer", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 7, "answer": "I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 8, "answer": "I realized that everything was not all right", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 9, "answer": "The child burst out crying", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 10, "answer": "Shellfish harms me", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.3 1. The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him. 2. Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law. 3. The boy liked to feed the birds in the park. 4. The hotel faces the plaza. 5. Bill became a lawyer. 6. The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug. 7. I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away. 8. I realized that everything was not all right. 9. The child burst out crying. 10. Shellfish harms me.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "The boy liked to feed the birds in the park", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "The hotel faces the plaza", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "Bill became a lawyer", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug", "alternates": []}, {"number": 7, "answer": "I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away", "alternates": []}, {"number": 8, "answer": "I realized that everything was not all right", "alternates": []}, {"number": 9, "answer": "The child burst out crying", "alternates": []}, {"number": 10, "answer": "Shellfish harms me", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. The girl pays attention to her teacher because she likes him. 2. Elisa gets along well with her mother-in-law. 3. The boy liked to feed the birds in the park. 4. The hotel faces the plaza. 5. Bill became a lawyer. 6. The visitor hasn’t seen her homeland for a long time. She misses it a lot and wants to give all her friends a hug. 7. I liked the Guatemalan vest; I gave 200 pesos to the seller and carried it away. 8. I realized that everything was not all right. 9. The child burst out crying. 10. Shellfish harms me."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Time Expressions"}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Present"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The idea of how long someone has been doing something can be expressed by three different Spanish constructions, all using the simple present tense. The English translation is expressed best by the present perfect tense. The action begins in the past and continues into the present."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "All three constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following question in the present:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "How long has your professor been writing her book?"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0551-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva su profesora", "escribiendo su libro?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo escribe ella su", "libro?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que ella", "How much time does the", "professor carry writing", "her book?", "Since when does she write", "her book?", "How much time does it make"], "ocrConfidence": 0.9795918367346939, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 551, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The same three constructions, shown with their literal translations, express the following statement in the present:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "She has been writing her book for four years."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. La autora lleva cuatro años", "escribiendo su libro.", "2. Ella escribe su libro desde hace", "cuatro años.", "3. Hace cuatro años que ella escribe", "su libro", "The author carries four years", "writing her book.", "She writes her book since it", "makes four years.", "It makes four years that she", "writes her book"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "1. La autora lleva cuatro años", "back": "The author carries four years"}, {"front": "escribiendo su libro.", "back": "writing her book."}, {"front": "2. Ella escribe su libro desde hace", "back": "She writes her book since it"}, {"front": "cuatro años.", "back": "makes four years."}, {"front": "3. Hace cuatro años que ella escribe", "back": "It makes four years that she"}, {"front": "su libro", "back": "writes her book"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 3, "text": "Past"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "To express how long someone had been doing something, Spanish uses the imperfect tense. The English translation of this construction is expressed best by the past perfect tense. The action was continuing in the past when something else happened."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following question in the past:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "How long had Lorena been waiting for the bus when it arrived?"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Lorena", "esperando el bus cuando llegó?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo esperaba ella", "el bus cuando llegó?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que ella", "esperaba el bus cuando llegó?", "How much time was Lorena", "carrying waiting for the bus", "when it arrived?", "Since when was she waiting", "for the bus when it arrived?", "How much time did it make", "that she was waiting for the", "huswhen it arried?"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 6, "cards": [{"front": "1. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Lorena", "back": "How much time was Lorena"}, {"front": "esperando el bus cuando llegó?", "back": "carrying waiting for the bus"}, {"front": "2. ¿Desde cuándo esperaba ella", "back": "Since when was she waiting"}, {"front": "el bus cuando llegó?", "back": "for the bus when it arrived?"}, {"front": "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que ella", "back": "How much time did it make"}, {"front": "esperaba el bus cuando llegó?", "back": "that she was waiting for the"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "The constructions below, shown with their literal translations, express the following statement in the past:"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "She had been waiting for 30 minutes when the bus arrived."}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0552-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["1. Lorena llevaba media hora", "esperando cuando el bus llegó.", "2. Ella esperaba desde hacía media", "hora cuando el bus llegó.", "Lorena carried a half hour", "waiting when the bus", "arrived.", "She was waiting since it made", "a half hour when the bus", "arrined."], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 552, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0553-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["3. Hacía media hora que ella", "esperaba cuando el bus llegó.", "It made a half hour that she", "was waiting when the bus", "arrited"], "ocrConfidence": 0.96, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "3. Hacía media hora que ella", "back": "It made a half hour that she"}, {"front": "esperaba cuando el bus llegó.", "back": "was waiting when the bus"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 553, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.4", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans4", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using the present tense and one of the forms of expressing “how long.” Try to practice all three possible forms as you complete the exercise.", "extra": ["EXAMPLES How long has Jaime lived in the United States?", "¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Jaime vive en los Estados Unidos?", "OR ¿Desde cuándo vive Jaime en los Estados Unidos?", "OR ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Jaime viviendo en los Estados Unidos?", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. How long has the child been watching television?", "2. How long has Adam been sleeping?", "3. How long have you been wearing glasses?", "4. How long have Isabel and Carlos been waiting?", "5. How long have they been friends?", "6. He has been sleeping for eight hours.", "7. I’ve been wearing glasses for two years.", "8. They have been waiting for 15 minutes."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": true, "answerItems": [], "answerRaw": "30.4 Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que el muchacho mira televisión? 2. ¿Desde cuándo duerme Adam? 3. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Ud. llevando gafas? 4. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Isabel y Carlos esperan? 5. ¿Desde cuándo son amigos ellos? 6. Hace ocho horas que él duerme. 7. Llevo dos años llevando gafas. 8. Hace quince minutos que ellos esperan.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [], "freeform": true, "raw": "Answers will vary. Some possible answers are shown. 1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que el muchacho mira televisión? 2. ¿Desde cuándo duerme Adam? 3. ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva Ud. llevando gafas? 4. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que Isabel y Carlos esperan? 5. ¿Desde cuándo son amigos ellos? 6. Hace ocho horas que él duerme. 7. Llevo dos años llevando gafas. 8. Hace quince minutos que ellos esperan."}]}, {"kind": "exercise", "id": "30.5", "ansAnchor": "ch30ans5", "instruction": "Translate the following sentences into English.", "extra": ["_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________", "_______________________________________________________"], "prompts": ["1. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que Ud. estaba en Chile cuando tuvo que salir?", "2. ¿Desde cuándo nadaban los niños cuando el bañero llegó?", "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Antonio leyendo cuando se durmió?", "4. Hacía dos meses que yo estaba en Paraguay cuando decidí volver a casa.", "5. El hombre frustrado esperaba el tren desde hace veinte minutos.", "6. Llevábamos quince meses viviendo en Paris."], "ocrLines": [], "freeform": false, "answerItems": [{"label": null, "number": 1, "answer": "How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 2, "answer": "How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 3, "answer": "How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep?", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 4, "answer": "I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 5, "answer": "The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes", "alternates": []}, {"label": null, "number": 6, "answer": "We had been living in Paris for 15 months", "alternates": []}], "answerRaw": "30.5 1. How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave? 2. How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived? 3. How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep? 4. I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home. 5. The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes. 6. We had been living in Paris for 15 months.", "answerSubparts": [{"label": null, "items": [{"number": 1, "answer": "How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 2, "answer": "How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 3, "answer": "How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep?", "alternates": []}, {"number": 4, "answer": "I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home", "alternates": []}, {"number": 5, "answer": "The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes", "alternates": []}, {"number": 6, "answer": "We had been living in Paris for 15 months", "alternates": []}], "freeform": false, "raw": "1. How long had you been in Chile when you had to leave? 2. How long had the children been swimming when the lifeguard arrived? 3. How long had Tony been reading when he fell asleep? 4. I had been in Paraguay for two months when I decided to return home. 5. The frustrated man had been waiting for the train for 20 minutes. 6. We had been living in Paris for 15 months."}]}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Reading Comprehension"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "El fin del juego"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Queridos lectores,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Espero que a Uds. les haya gustado el libro. Ha sido un buen viaje y me alegro de que Uds. hayan llegado hasta el fin. Les dejo con una parte interesante de la historia de Sócrates en la cual él explica por qué no le va a molestar el fin de su vida."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ahora, me despido de Uds. y les deseo todo lo mejor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Hasta el próximo,"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La autora"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La defensa de Sócrates escrito por Platón"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La asamblea vota por la inocencia o la culpabilidad de Sócrates. Lo condena a la pena de muerte. Lo siguiente es la respuesta de Sócrates ante la asamblea, antes de que se lo lleve a la cárcel."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "SÓCRATES La gente dirá que Uds. condenan a muerte a Sócrates, un hombre sabio. Dirán que soy sabio si lo soy o no. Si Uds. hubieran esperado por un rato, sus deseos hubieran sido realizados en el camino de la naturaleza. Pueden ver que soy un hombre viejo."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Me gustaría discutir con Uds., los cuales me han absuelto, lo que ha pasado. Concédanme, les suplico, un momento de atención, porque nada impide que conversemos juntos, puesto que queda tiempo. Quiero decirles, como amigos, lo que acaba de sucederme, y explicarles lo que significa. Sí, jueces míos, me ha sucedido hoy una cosa maravillosa."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Nos engañamos todos sin duda si creemos que la muerte es un mal. Una prueba evidente de ello es que si yo hubiera de realizar hoy algún bien, el dios no hubiera dejado de advertírmelo como acostumbra."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La muerte es un tránsito del alma de un lugar a otro. ¿Qué mayor ventaja puede presentar la muerte? Si la muerte es una cosa semejante, la llamo con razón un bien; porque entonces el tiempo todo entero, no es más que una larga noche."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Pero si la muerte es un tránsito de un lugar a otro, y si, según se dice, allá en un lugar está el paradero de todos los que han vivido, ¿qué mayor bien se puede imaginar, jueces míos? ¿Qué transporte de alegría no tendría yo cuando me encontrara con los héroes de la antigüedad, que han sido las víctimas de la injusticia? ¿Qué placer el poder comparar mis aventuras con las suyas? Pero aún sería un placer más grande para mí pasar allí los días, interrogando y examinando a todos estos personajes, para distinguir los que son verdaderamente sabios de los que creen serlo y no lo son. ¿Hay alguno, jueces míos, que no diera todo lo que tiene en el mundo por examinar al que condujo un ejército contra Troya, u Odiseo o Sísifo, y tantos otros, hombres y mujeres, cuya conversación y examen serían una felicidad inexplicable?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Ésta es la razón, jueces míos, para que nunca pierdan las esperanzas aún después de la tumba, fundadas en esta verdad: que no hay ningún mal para el hombre de bien, ni durante la vida, ni después de su muerte; y que los dioses tienen siempre cuidado de cuanto tiene relación con él; porque lo que en este momento me sucede a mí no es obra de azar, y estoy convencido de que el mejor partido para mí es morir ahora y liberarme de todos los disgustos de esta vida."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "La hora de partir ha llegado, y nos vamos cada cual por su camino— yo, a morir, y Uds. a vivir. Solo dios sabe cual es mejor."}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "Sócrates siempre decía que tenía un dios familiar, un dios personal y divino que le hacía advertencias desde su niñez. En cuanto a su juicio, esta voz no le había dicho nada."}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Verbos"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-01.jpg", "ocrLines": ["absolver", "acabar de + infinitive", "acostumbrar", "advertir", "conceder", "engañarse", "fundar", "impedir", "realizar", "significar", "suplicar", "to absolve", "to have just (+ infinitive", "to be accustomed", "to warn", "to concede", "to deceive oneself", "to found", "to impede", "to fulfill", "to mean, to signify", "to beg"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 11, "cards": [{"front": "absolver", "back": "to absolve"}, {"front": "acabar de + infinitive", "back": "to have just (+ infinitive"}, {"front": "acostumbrar", "back": "to be accustomed"}, {"front": "advertir", "back": "to warn"}, {"front": "conceder", "back": "to concede"}, {"front": "engañarse", "back": "to deceive oneself"}, {"front": "fundar", "back": "to found"}, {"front": "impedir", "back": "to impede"}, {"front": "realizar", "back": "to fulfill"}, {"front": "significar", "back": "to mean, to signify"}, {"front": "suplicar", "back": "to beg"}], "columnCount": 3, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Nombres"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-02.jpg", "ocrLines": ["el azar", "el ejército", "la esperanza", "el héroe", "el paradero", "la tumba", "chance", "the army", "the hope", "the hero", "the place, the destination", "the tomb, the grave"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 0, "cards": [], "columnCount": 4, "source": "heuristic", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Expresiones"}, {"kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": "f0556-03.jpg", "ocrLines": ["en cuanto a", "puesto que", "in regard to", "since"], "ocrConfidence": 1, "cardCount": 2, "cards": [{"front": "en cuanto a", "back": "in regard to"}, {"front": "puesto que", "back": "since"}], "columnCount": 2, "source": "bbox", "bookPage": 556, "repairs": 0}, {"kind": "heading", "level": 4, "text": "Preguntas"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "1. ¿Cuál es la actitud de Sócrates ante la muerte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "2. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre su dios personal y los dioses del estado?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "3. ¿Qué espera hacer después de la muerte?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "4. ¿Por qué quiere hablar con los jueces?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "5. ¿Qué significa “no hay ningún mal para un hombre de bien, ni durante la vida, ni después de la muerte”? ¿Está Ud. de acuerdo con esta filosofía de Sócrates?"}, {"kind": "paragraph", "text": "_______________________________________________________"}]}], "sources": {"epub_images_ocr": true, "pdf_pages_ocr": true, "pdf_pages_mapped": 591}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_vocab.json b/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_vocab.json index ccbf17b..7f8c2f0 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_vocab.json +++ b/Conjuga/Conjuga/textbook_vocab.json @@ -12,46 +12,6 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el banco", - "back": "the bank", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el baño", - "back": "the bathroom", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el carro", - "back": "the car", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el gato", - "back": "the cat", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el hermano", - "back": "the brother", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "el libro", "back": "the book", @@ -60,6 +20,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el banco", + "back": "the bank", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el muchacho", "back": "the boy", @@ -68,6 +36,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el baño", + "back": "the bathroom", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el niño", "back": "the little boy, the child", @@ -76,6 +52,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el carro", + "back": "the car", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el perro", "back": "the dog", @@ -84,6 +68,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el gato", + "back": "the cat", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el teléfono", "back": "the telephone", @@ -92,6 +84,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el hermano", + "back": "the brother", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el vino", "back": "the wine", @@ -108,30 +108,6 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el café", - "back": "the coffee", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el doctor", - "back": "the doctor", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el hombre", - "back": "the man", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "el hospital", "back": "the hospital", @@ -140,6 +116,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el café", + "back": "the coffee", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el hotel", "back": "the hotel", @@ -148,6 +132,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el doctor", + "back": "the doctor", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el tomate", "back": "the tomato", @@ -156,6 +148,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el hombre", + "back": "the man", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0003-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el tren", "back": "the train", @@ -172,38 +172,6 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el día", - "back": "the day", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el drama", - "back": "the drama", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el idioma", - "back": "the language", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el mapa", - "back": "the map", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "el planeta", "back": "the planet", @@ -212,6 +180,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el día", + "back": "the day", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el poema", "back": "the poem", @@ -220,6 +196,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el drama", + "back": "the drama", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el problema", "back": "the problem", @@ -228,6 +212,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el idioma", + "back": "the language", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el programa", "back": "the program", @@ -236,6 +228,14 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el mapa", + "back": "the map", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el sistema", "back": "the system", @@ -252,70 +252,6 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la blusa", - "back": "the blouse", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la bolsa", - "back": "the bag", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cama", - "back": "the bed", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la casa", - "back": "the house", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cerveza", - "back": "the beer", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la comida", - "back": "the meal", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la hermana", - "back": "the sister", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la iglesia", - "back": "the church", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "la lámpara", "back": "the lamp", @@ -324,6 +260,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la blusa", + "back": "the blouse", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la mesa", "back": "the table", @@ -332,6 +276,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la bolsa", + "back": "the bag", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la muchacha", "back": "the girl", @@ -340,6 +292,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cama", + "back": "the bed", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la niña", "back": "the little girl", @@ -348,6 +308,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la casa", + "back": "the house", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la persona", "back": "the person", @@ -356,6 +324,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cerveza", + "back": "the beer", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la planta", "back": "the plant", @@ -364,6 +340,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la comida", + "back": "the meal", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la silla", "back": "the chair", @@ -372,6 +356,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la hermana", + "back": "the sister", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la tienda", "back": "the store", @@ -380,6 +372,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la iglesia", + "back": "the church", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la ventana", "back": "the window", @@ -396,38 +396,6 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la conversación", - "back": "the conversation", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la invitación", - "back": "the invitation", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la lección", - "back": "the person", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la ilusión", - "back": "the illusion", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" - }, { "front": "la televisión", "back": "the television", @@ -436,6 +404,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la conversación", + "back": "the conversation", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "la ciudad", "back": "the city", @@ -444,6 +420,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la invitación", + "back": "the invitation", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "la verdad", "back": "the truth", @@ -452,6 +436,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la lección", + "back": "the lesson", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "la amistad", "back": "the friendship", @@ -461,20 +453,20 @@ "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "la actitud", - "back": "the attitude", + "front": "la ilusión", + "back": "the illusion", "chapter": 1, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "la foto", - "back": "the photograph", + "front": "la actitud", + "back": "the attitude", "chapter": 1, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-04.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0004-03.jpg" }, { "front": "la mano", @@ -500,22 +492,6 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la flor", - "back": "the flower", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la luz", - "back": "the light", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Feminine", - "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" - }, { "front": "la mujer", "back": "the woman", @@ -524,6 +500,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la flor", + "back": "the flower", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" + }, { "front": "la piel", "back": "the skin", @@ -532,6 +516,14 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la luz", + "back": "the light", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" + }, { "front": "la suerte", "back": "the luck", @@ -540,6 +532,158 @@ "section": "Feminine", "sourceImage": "f0004-05.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la persona", + "back": "las personas", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Feminine", + "sourceImage": "f0006-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un amigo", + "back": "a (male) friend", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un jardín", + "back": "a garden", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un baño", + "back": "a bathroom", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un museo", + "back": "a museum", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un carro", + "back": "a car", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un pianista", + "back": "a (male) pianist", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un espejo", + "back": "a mirror", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un sillón", + "back": "an armchair", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un gato", + "back": "a cat", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "un toquetee", + "back": "a ticket", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una amiga", + "back": "a (female) friend", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una mujer", + "back": "a woman", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una biblioteca", + "back": "a library", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una página", + "back": "a page", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una ciudad", + "back": "a city", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una persona", + "back": "a person (male or", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una librería", + "back": "a bookstore", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "una pluma", + "back": "a pen", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Singular Indefinite Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0007-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "unos barcos", "back": "some boats", @@ -548,14 +692,6 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "unos gatos", - "back": "some cats", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "unos idiomas", "back": "some languages", @@ -564,14 +700,6 @@ "section": "Masculine", "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "unos libros", - "back": "some books", - "chapter": 1, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", - "section": "Masculine", - "sourceImage": "f0008-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "unas artistas", "back": "some (female) artists", @@ -683,14 +811,486 @@ "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", "section": "Singular Form of Adjectives", "sourceImage": "f0010-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "amarillo", + "back": "yellow", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "morado", + "back": "purple", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "anaranjado", + "back": "orange", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "moreno", + "back": "brown-skinned", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "azul", + "back": "blue", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "negro", + "back": "black", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "blanco", + "back": "white", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rojo", + "back": "red", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gris", + "back": "gray", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rosado", + "back": "pink", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "marrón, pardo", + "back": "brown", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "verde", + "back": "green", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Los colores (The colors)", + "sourceImage": "f0010-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "agradable", + "back": "agreeable, pleasant", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "delgado", + "back": "slender", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alegre", + "back": "happy", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "difícil", + "back": "difficult", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "barato", + "back": "inexpensive", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estupendo", + "back": "great, terrific", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caro", + "back": "expensive", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "excelente", + "back": "excellent", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "débil", + "back": "weak", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fácil", + "back": "easy", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0010-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fantástico", + "back": "fantastic", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "interesante", + "back": "interesting", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "feliz", + "back": "happy", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "joven", + "back": "young", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "feo", + "back": "ugly", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "maravilloso", + "back": "marvelous, wonderful", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "flaco", + "back": "thin", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pequeño", + "back": "little, small", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "frágil", + "back": "fragile", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pobre", + "back": "poor", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fuerte", + "back": "strong", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rico", + "back": "rich", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gordo", + "back": "fat", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "simpático", + "back": "nice", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "grande", + "back": "big", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sincero", + "back": "sincere", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "guapo", + "back": "handsome,", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tacaño", + "back": "stingy", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hermoso", + "back": "beautiful", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "triste", + "back": "sad", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "horrible", + "back": "horrible", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "viejo", + "back": "old", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Other Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0011-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Singular", + "back": "Plural", + "chapter": 1, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives", + "section": "Masculine", + "sourceImage": "f0012-04.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 2, "cards": [ + { + "front": "yo", + "back": "I", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros", + "back": "we", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú", + "back": "you", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros", + "back": "you", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él", + "back": "he", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos", + "back": "they", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella", + "back": "she", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas", + "back": "they", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "usted", + "back": "you", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ustedes", + "back": "you", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Subject Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0014-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo estoy", + "back": "1 am", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros estamos", + "back": "we are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú estás", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "vosotros estáis", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él está", "back": "he is", "chapter": 2, "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", @@ -699,6 +1299,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellos están", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella está", "back": "she is", "chapter": 2, "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", @@ -707,6 +1315,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellas están", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0015-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. está", "back": "you are", "chapter": 2, "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", @@ -715,7 +1331,7 @@ }, { "front": "Uds. están", - "back": "nosotros estamos", + "back": "you are", "chapter": 2, "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", "section": "Estar (to be)", @@ -761,6 +1377,198 @@ "section": "Estar (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0016-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "¿quién?", + "back": "who?", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Interrogative Words", + "sourceImage": "f0017-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "allí, allá", + "back": "there", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adverbs of Location", + "sourceImage": "f0017-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alegre", + "back": "happy (merry)", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "enojado", + "back": "angry", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bonito", + "back": "pretty", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "feliz", + "back": "happy", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bueno", + "back": "good", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "guapo", + "back": "beautiful, handsome", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cansado", + "back": "tired", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hermoso", + "back": "beautiful, handsome", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contento", + "back": "happy (contented)", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lindo", + "back": "pretty", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "delicioso", + "back": "delicious", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sabroso", + "back": "delicious", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0017-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo soy", + "back": "1 am", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros somos", + "back": "we are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú eres", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros sois", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él es", + "back": "he is", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos son", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella es", + "back": "she is", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas son", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. es", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds. son", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "La casa es roja.", "back": "The house is red.", @@ -801,6 +1609,22 @@ "section": "Ser (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0019-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Unmodified", + "back": "José es estudiante.", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Modified", + "back": "José es un estudiante fantástico", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0019-04.jpg" + }, { "front": "El vino es de Portugal.", "back": "The wine is from Portugal", @@ -858,7 +1682,7 @@ "sourceImage": "f0020-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Flla es católica.", + "front": "Fila es católica.", "back": "She is Catholic", "chapter": 2, "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", @@ -905,6 +1729,22 @@ "section": "Ser (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0020-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Los gatos son del niño.", + "back": "The cats belong to the child.", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0021-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El carro es de los amigos.", + "back": "The car belongs to the friends", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0021-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la alcoba", "back": "the bedroom", @@ -913,86 +1753,6 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la alfombra", - "back": "the rug", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el bolígrafo", - "back": "the ballpoint pen", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cocina", - "back": "the kitchen", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la colección", - "back": "the collection", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el comedor", - "back": "the dining room", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cortina", - "back": "the curtain", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el cuaderno", - "back": "the notebook", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el espejo", - "back": "the mirror", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el estudio", - "back": "the study", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la estufa", - "back": "the stove", - "chapter": 2, - "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", - "section": "La casa", - "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "el gabinete", "back": "the cabinet", @@ -1001,6 +1761,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la alfombra", + "back": "the rug", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el horno", "back": "the oven", @@ -1009,6 +1777,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el bolígrafo", + "back": "the ballpoint pen", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el lápiz", "back": "the pencil", @@ -1017,6 +1793,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cocina", + "back": "the kitchen", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la madera", "back": "the wood", @@ -1025,6 +1809,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la colección", + "back": "the collection", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la nevera", "back": "the refrigerator", @@ -1033,6 +1825,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el comedor", + "back": "the dining room", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pared", "back": "the wall", @@ -1041,6 +1841,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cortina", + "back": "the curtain", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el patio", "back": "the yard", @@ -1049,6 +1857,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cuaderno", + "back": "the notebook", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la sala", "back": "the living room", @@ -1057,6 +1873,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el espejo", + "back": "the mirror", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el sillón", "back": "the easy chair", @@ -1065,6 +1889,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el estudio", + "back": "the study", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el vestíbulo", "back": "the entryway", @@ -1073,6 +1905,14 @@ "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la estufa", + "back": "the stove", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el video", "back": "the video", @@ -1080,12 +1920,172 @@ "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", "section": "La casa", "sourceImage": "f0025-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "amplio", + "back": "ample", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "limpio", + "back": "clean", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "antiguo", + "back": "old", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mi, mis", + "back": "my (sing., pl.)", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "azul marino", + "back": "navy blue", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "privado", + "back": "private", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cómodo", + "back": "comfortable", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sencillo", + "back": "simple", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fino", + "back": "fine, delicate", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "todo", + "back": "all", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "todavía", + "back": "still", + "chapter": 2, + "chapterTitle": "Estar, Ser, and Subject Pronouns", + "section": "La casa", + "sourceImage": "f0026-02.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 3, "cards": [ + { + "front": "Hay una alfombra en la casa.", + "back": "There is a rug in the house.", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay un árbol en el jardín.", + "back": "There is a tree in the garden.", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay dos vasos en la mesa.", + "back": "There are two glasses on the table", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay tres libros en el piso.", + "back": "There are three books on the floor", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Hay una lámpara azul en", + "back": "Is there a blue lamp in the house?", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Hay un libro en el baño?", + "back": "Is there a book in the bathroom?", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Hay un hotel en la ciudad?", + "back": "Is there a hotel in the city?", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay tigres en el zoológico.", + "back": "There are tigers in the 200", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay estrellas en el cielo.", + "back": "There are stars in the sky.", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0027-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿ Hay periódicos en esta tienda?", "back": "Are there newspapers in this store!", @@ -1104,23 +2104,135 @@ }, { "front": "mercade", - "back": "marketp", + "back": "markets", "chapter": 3, "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", "section": "Hay", "sourceImage": "f0028-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el verano", - "back": "the summer", + "front": "No hay luz en el baño.", + "back": "There is no light in the bathroom.", "chapter": 3, "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Las estaciones (The seasons)", - "sourceImage": "f0033-02.jpg" + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0028-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el otoño", - "back": "the autumn, the fall", + "front": "No hay teléfonos aquí.", + "back": "There are no telephones here.", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0028-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No hay revistas en el hotel.", + "back": "There are no magazines in the hotel", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Hay", + "sourceImage": "f0028-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuál es la capital de Perú?", + "back": "What (which city) is the capital", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Interrogative Words", + "sourceImage": "f0029-01a.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Cuándo es la fiesta?", + "back": "When is the party?", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Interrogative Words", + "sourceImage": "f0030-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuándo es el concierto?", + "back": "When is the concert!", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Interrogative Words", + "sourceImage": "f0030-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en", + "back": "in, on", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0031-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "enero", + "back": "January", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "abril", + "back": "April", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "marzo", + "back": "March", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "junio", + "back": "lune", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0032-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "julio", + "back": "July", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "octubre", + "back": "October", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "septiembre", + "back": "September", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "diciembre", + "back": "December", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Los meses (The months)", + "sourceImage": "f0033-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el verano", + "back": "the summer", "chapter": 3, "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", "section": "Las estaciones (The seasons)", @@ -1142,14 +2254,6 @@ "section": "Las estaciones (The seasons)", "sourceImage": "f0033-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la mañana", - "back": "the morning", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Partes del día (Parts of the day)", - "sourceImage": "f0033-03.jpg" - }, { "front": "la tarde", "back": "the afternoon", @@ -1174,134 +2278,6 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el árbol", - "back": "the tree", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el ascensor", - "back": "the elevator", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el avión", - "back": "the airplane", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el bolígrafo", - "back": "the ballpoint pen", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el bus", - "back": "the bus", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el campo", - "back": "the countryside", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el coche", - "back": "the car", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el cuarto", - "back": "the room", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el cumpleaños", - "back": "the birthday", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el día", - "back": "the day", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el dinero", - "back": "the money", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el edificio", - "back": "the building", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el equipaje", - "back": "the baggage", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el hogar", - "back": "the home", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el jardín", - "back": "the garden", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el lapicero", - "back": "the ballpoint pen", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "el lápiz", "back": "the pencil", @@ -1310,6 +2286,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el árbol", + "back": "the tree", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el mensaje", "back": "the message", @@ -1318,6 +2302,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el ascensor", + "back": "the elevator", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el mes", "back": "the month", @@ -1326,6 +2318,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el avión", + "back": "the airplane", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el niño", "back": "the child", @@ -1334,6 +2334,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el bolígrafo", + "back": "the ballpoint pen", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el país", "back": "the country", @@ -1342,6 +2350,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el bus", + "back": "the bus", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el papel", "back": "the paper", @@ -1350,6 +2366,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el campo", + "back": "the countryside", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el parque", "back": "the park", @@ -1358,6 +2382,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el coche", + "back": "the car", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el periódico", "back": "the newspaper", @@ -1366,6 +2398,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cuarto", + "back": "the room", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el piso", "back": "the floor", @@ -1374,6 +2414,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cumpleaños", + "back": "the birthday", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el precio", "back": "the price", @@ -1382,6 +2430,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el día", + "back": "the day", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el ruido", "back": "the noise", @@ -1390,6 +2446,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el dinero", + "back": "the money", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el salón", "back": "the classroom", @@ -1398,6 +2462,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el edificio", + "back": "the building", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el sitio", "back": "the place", @@ -1406,6 +2478,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el equipaje", + "back": "the baggage", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el sueño", "back": "the dream", @@ -1414,6 +2494,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el hogar", + "back": "the home", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el teatro", "back": "the theater", @@ -1422,6 +2510,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el jardín", + "back": "the garden", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el tema", "back": "the theme", @@ -1430,6 +2526,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el lapicero", + "back": "the ballpoint pen", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el viaje", "back": "the trip", @@ -1446,134 +2550,6 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la biblioteca", - "back": "the library", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la calle", - "back": "the street", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la camisa", - "back": "the shirt", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la carta", - "back": "the letter", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la ciudad", - "back": "the city", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cocina", - "back": "the kitchen", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la cuenta", - "back": "the check, the bill", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la ducha", - "back": "the shower", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la entrada", - "back": "the entrance", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la escalera", - "back": "the stairs", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la escuela", - "back": "the school", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la fiesta", - "back": "the party", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la frase", - "back": "the sentence", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la gente", - "back": "the people", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la guerra", - "back": "the war", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la habitación", - "back": "the room", - "chapter": 3, - "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", - "section": "Un pueblo colonial", - "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "la hoja", "back": "the leaf", @@ -1582,6 +2558,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la biblioteca", + "back": "the library", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la librería", "back": "the bookstore", @@ -1590,6 +2574,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la calle", + "back": "the street", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la llave", "back": "the key", @@ -1598,6 +2590,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la camisa", + "back": "the shirt", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la medicina", "back": "the medicine", @@ -1606,6 +2606,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la carta", + "back": "the letter", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la música", "back": "the music", @@ -1614,6 +2622,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la ciudad", + "back": "the city", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la obra", "back": "the play", @@ -1622,6 +2638,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cocina", + "back": "the kitchen", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la página", "back": "the page", @@ -1630,6 +2654,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cuenta", + "back": "the check, the bill", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la palabra", "back": "the word", @@ -1638,6 +2670,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la ducha", + "back": "the shower", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pared", "back": "the wall", @@ -1646,6 +2686,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la entrada", + "back": "the entrance", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la playa", "back": "the beach", @@ -1654,6 +2702,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la escalera", + "back": "the stairs", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pregunta", "back": "the question", @@ -1662,6 +2718,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la escuela", + "back": "the school", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la puerta", "back": "the door", @@ -1670,6 +2734,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la fiesta", + "back": "the party", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la salida", "back": "the exit", @@ -1678,6 +2750,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la frase", + "back": "the sentence", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la salud", "back": "the health", @@ -1686,6 +2766,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la gente", + "back": "the people", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la semana", "back": "the week", @@ -1694,6 +2782,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la guerra", + "back": "the war", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la tarea", "back": "the homework", @@ -1702,6 +2798,14 @@ "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la habitación", + "back": "the room", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la tarjeta", "back": "the postcard", @@ -1709,6 +2813,278 @@ "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", "section": "Un pueblo colonial", "sourceImage": "f0034-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alto", + "back": "tall", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "flojo", + "back": "lax", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "amable", + "back": "kind", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gracioso", + "back": "amusing", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "amistoso", + "back": "friendly", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hondo", + "back": "deep", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ancho", + "back": "wide", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "largo", + "back": "long", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bajo", + "back": "low, short (in height)", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lento", + "back": "slow", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bello", + "back": "beautiful", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "libre", + "back": "free", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cariñoso", + "back": "affectionate", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nuevo", + "back": "new", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ciego", + "back": "blind", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "orgulloso", + "back": "proud", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "corto", + "back": "short (in length)", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "peligroso", + "back": "dangerous", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dulce", + "back": "sweet", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pesado", + "back": "heavy, dull", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "duro", + "back": "hard", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rápido", + "back": "rapid, fast", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "elegante", + "back": "elegant", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "raro", + "back": "strange", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "emocionante", + "back": "exciting", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sencillo", + "back": "simple", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "especial", + "back": "special", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sordo", + "back": "deaf", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estrecho", + "back": "narrow", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "suave", + "back": "soft", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fiel", + "back": "faithful", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tranquilo", + "back": "tranquil", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mientras while", + "back": "torque / because", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "or", + "back": "so / if", + "chapter": 3, + "chapterTitle": "Hay, Interrogative Words, Days, and Months", + "section": "Un pueblo colonial", + "sourceImage": "f0035-02.jpg" } ] }, @@ -1716,12 +3092,492 @@ "chapter": 4, "cards": [ { - "front": "el siglo segundo", - "back": "the second century", + "front": "1 uno", + "back": "21 veintiuno", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "50", + "back": "cincuenta", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "2 dos", + "back": "22", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veintidós", + "back": "60 sesenta", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "3 tres", + "back": "23", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veintitrés", + "back": "70 setenta", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "4 cuatro", + "back": "24", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veinticuatro", + "back": "80 ochenta", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "5 cinco", + "back": "25", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veinticinco", + "back": "90 novena", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "7", + "back": "site", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "27", + "back": "veintisiete", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "8", + "back": "oho", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "28", + "back": "veintiocho", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "9", + "back": "Nuevo", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "29", + "back": "veintinueve", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "10", + "back": "dies", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "30", + "back": "treinta", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "11", + "back": "once", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "31", + "back": "treinta y uno", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "12", + "back": "done", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "32", + "back": "treinta y dos", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "13", + "back": "trace", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "33", + "back": "treinta y tres", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "14", + "back": "catorce", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "34", + "back": "treinta y cuatro", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "15", + "back": "quince", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "35", + "back": "treinta y cinco", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "16", + "back": "dieciséis", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "36", + "back": "treinta y seis", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "17", + "back": "diecisiete", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "37", + "back": "treinta y site", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "18", + "back": "dieciocho", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "38", + "back": "treinta y oho", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "19", + "back": "diecinueve", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "39", + "back": "treinta y Nuevo", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0040-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veintiún años", + "back": "21 years", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cincuenta y un gatos", + "back": "51 cats", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sesenta y un hombres", + "back": "61 men", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "noventa y un amigos", + "back": "91 friends", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "setenta y una muchachas", + "back": "71 girls", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ochenta y una amigas", + "back": "81 friends", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cien", + "back": "100", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ciento uno", + "back": "101", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ciento cincuenta", + "back": "150", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ciento noventa y nueve", + "back": "199", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cien libros", + "back": "cine hombres 100 men", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cien casas 100 houses", + "back": "cine mujeres 100 women", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Cardinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0041-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "primero", + "back": "first", "chapter": 4, "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "section": "Ordinal Numbers", - "sourceImage": "f0046-03.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sexto", + "back": "sixth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "segundo", + "back": "second", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "séptimo", + "back": "seventh", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tercero", + "back": "third", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "octavo", + "back": "eighth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cuarto", + "back": "fourth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "noveno", + "back": "ninth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "quinto", + "back": "fifth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "décimo", + "back": "tenth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0044-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el quinto mes la quinta avenida", + "back": "the fifth month / Fifth Avenue (the fifth avenue)", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0045-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay una librería en la sexta ¿ Dónde está la quinta avenida?", + "back": "Where is Fifth Avenue? / There is a bookstore on Sixth Street", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0045-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estudiantes en la clase.", + "back": "Ana y María son las primeras / students in the dass Ana and María are the first", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Ordinal Numbers", + "sourceImage": "f0045-02.jpg" }, { "front": "Carlos Quinto", @@ -1731,6 +3587,134 @@ "section": "Ordinal Numbers", "sourceImage": "f0046-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Hoy es el primero de junio.", + "back": "Today is June 1.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "The Date", + "sourceImage": "f0047-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Mañana es el primero de octubre.", + "back": "Tomorrow is October 1", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "The Date", + "sourceImage": "f0047-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es la una.", + "back": "It is one o'clock.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las dos.", + "back": "It is two o'clock.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las tres.", + "back": "It is three o'clock", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las cuatro.", + "back": "It is four o'clock.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0047-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las cinco exactamente.", + "back": "It's exactly five o'clock", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0048-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las diez en punto.", + "back": "It's ten o'clock sharp.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0048-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es a eso de la una.", + "back": "It's about one o'clock.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0048-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es la una, más o menos.", + "back": "It's one o'clock, more or less", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0048-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las tres y quince.", + "back": "It is 3:15.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las nueve y treinta.", + "back": "It is 9:30.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las ocho y media.", + "back": "It is 8:30.", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Cinco para las tres.", + "back": "Five (minutes) to three (o'clock).", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Veinticinco para las dos.", + "back": "Twenty-five (minutes) to two (o'clock)", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quince para las seis.", + "back": "Fifteen (minutes) to six (o'clock).", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "Telling Time", + "sourceImage": "f0049-04.jpg" + }, { "front": "el agua", "back": "the water", @@ -1739,6 +3723,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el desayuno", + "back": "the breakfast", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el almuerzo", "back": "the lunch", @@ -1747,6 +3739,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el impuesto", + "back": "the tax", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el camarero", "back": "the waiter", @@ -1755,6 +3755,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el mantel", + "back": "the tablecloth", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la carta", "back": "the menu", @@ -1763,6 +3771,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el menú", + "back": "the menu", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la cena", "back": "the supper", @@ -1771,6 +3787,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el mozo", + "back": "the waiter", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el cheque", "back": "the check", @@ -1779,6 +3803,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el plato", + "back": "the plate", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la cocina", "back": "the kitchen", @@ -1787,6 +3819,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la propina", + "back": "the tip", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el comedor", "back": "the dining room", @@ -1795,6 +3835,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la servilleta", + "back": "the napkin", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la comida", "back": "the meal", @@ -1804,8 +3852,8 @@ "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "la cuchara", - "back": "the spoon", + "front": "la tarjeta de", + "back": "the credit card", "chapter": 4, "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "section": "El restaurante", @@ -1819,6 +3867,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el tenedor", + "back": "the fork", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la cuenta", "back": "the check, the bill", @@ -1827,6 +3883,14 @@ "section": "El restaurante", "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el vaso", + "back": "the glass", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0052-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el águila, las águilas", "back": "the eagle, the eagles", @@ -1860,16 +3924,104 @@ "sourceImage": "f0052-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Es mediodía.", - "back": "It is midday. / It is noon", + "front": "caliente", + "back": "warm, hot", "chapter": 4, "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "section": "El restaurante", - "sourceImage": "f0053-02.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Es medianoche.", - "back": "It is midnight.", + "front": "picante", + "back": "spicy", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "delicioso", + "back": "delicious", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sabroso", + "back": "delicious", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fresco", + "back": "fresh", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sano", + "back": "healthy", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "frío", + "back": "cold", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "seco", + "back": "dry", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "limpio", + "back": "clean", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sucio", + "back": "dirty", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lleno", + "back": "full", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vacío", + "back": "empty", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El restaurante", + "sourceImage": "f0053-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es mediodía.", + "back": "It is midday. / It is noon", "chapter": 4, "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "section": "El restaurante", @@ -2002,6 +4154,30 @@ "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", "section": "El oficio de la casa", "sourceImage": "f0055-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al principio", + "back": "at the beginning", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El oficio de la casa", + "sourceImage": "f0055-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es otro cuento", + "back": "it's another story", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El oficio de la casa", + "sourceImage": "f0055-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "por lo menos", + "back": "at least", + "chapter": 4, + "chapterTitle": "Numbers, Dates, and Time", + "section": "El oficio de la casa", + "sourceImage": "f0055-02.jpg" } ] }, @@ -2015,12 +4191,1036 @@ "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", "section": "Uses of the Present Tense", "sourceImage": "f0056-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cantas tú los domingos?", + "back": "Do you sing on Sundays!", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Uses of the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0056-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Tú cantas los domingos?", + "back": "You sing on Sundays?", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Uses of the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0056-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella canta con Ud. mañana.", + "back": "She'll sing with you tomorrow", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Uses of the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0057-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No canto en el tren.", + "back": "I don't sing in the train", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Uses of the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0057-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo canto", + "back": "I sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros cantamos", + "back": "we sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cantas", + "back": "you sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros cantáis", + "back": "you (pl.) sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él canta", + "back": "he sings", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos cantan", + "back": "they sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella canta", + "back": "she sings", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas cantan", + "back": "they (f.) sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. canta", + "back": "You sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds. cantan", + "back": "you (pl.) sing", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar 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"back": "Ella's Baja", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. baila", + "back": "Us bail an", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. baja", + "back": "Us Baja", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0057-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo camino", + "back": "nosotros caminamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cocino", + "back": "nosotros cocinamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él camina", + "back": "Ellis caiman", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él cocina", + "back": "Ellis cocinan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella camina", + "back": "Ella's caiman", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella cocina", + "back": "Ella's cocinan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. camina", + "back": "Us caiman", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud cocina", + "back": "Us cocinan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo compro", + "back": "nosotros compramos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él compra", + "back": "Ellis comp ran", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella compra", + "back": "Ella's comp ran", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. compra", + "back": "Us comp ran", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo contesto", + "back": "nosotros contestamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0058-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él contesta", + "back": "Ellis 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"sourceImage": "f0059-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo llego", + "back": "nosotros llegamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0059-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él llega", + "back": "Ellis Logan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0059-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo miro", + "back": "nosotros miramos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0059-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo nado", + "back": "nosotros Adams", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0059-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. mira", + "back": "Us Milan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0059-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él nada", + "back": "Ellis 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"section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0062-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo bebo", + "back": "nosotros bebemos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0062-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella bebe", + "back": "Ella's been", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0062-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo corro", + "back": "nosotros corremos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo leo", + "back": "nosotros lemmas", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él corre", + "back": "Ellis Corrine", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella lee", + "back": "Ella's lien", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo meto", + "back": "nosotros meters", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo prendo", + "back": "nosotros prendemos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. mete", + "back": "Us meter", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él prende", + "back": "Ellis prenden", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo rompo", + "back": "nosotros rompers", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vendo", + "back": "nosotros venders", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella rompe", + "back": "Ella's romper", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. vende", + "back": "Us vendee", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0063-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo describo", + "back": "nosotros describimos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently Used -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0065-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo discuto", + "back": "nosotros discutimos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "Frequently 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"chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros ganáis", + "back": "nosotros guanacos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo llevo", + "back": "tú llevas", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros lleváis", + "back": "nosotros llevamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él pasa yo paso tú pasas", + "back": "Ellis paean", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros 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El tiempo pasa. los turistas.", + "back": "Ella past mucho tempo con", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Time passes. the tourists. What's happening?", + "back": "She spends a lot of time with", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él toca yo toco tú tocas", + "back": "Ellis toucan", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros tocáis", + "back": "nosotros tocamos", + "chapter": 5, + "chapterTitle": "Regular Verbs", + "section": "-Ar and -er Verbs with More than One Meaning", + "sourceImage": "f0066-01.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 6, "cards": [ + { + "front": "yo cierro", + "back": "nosotros cerramos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0070-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo empiezo", + "back": "nosotros empezamos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > 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"back": "Us pier den", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quiero", + "back": "nosotros queremos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tengo", + "back": "nosotros tenets", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él quiere", + "back": "Ellis quieten", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella tiene", + "back": "Ella's tie-in", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0072-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo puedo", + "back": "nosotros podemos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vuelvo", + "back": "nosotros Volvos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él puede", + "back": "Ellis pueden", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. vuelve", + "back": "Us velvet", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0072-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo hago", + "back": "nosotros racemes", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pongo", + "back": "nosotros phonemes", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él hace", + "back": "Ellis haven", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella pone", + "back": "Ella's pony", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0072-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sé", + "back": "nosotros sabers", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo veo", + "back": "nosotros vamos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú ves", + "back": "vosotros vets", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud sabe", + "back": "Us saber", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "é ve", + "back": "Ellis even", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Verbs Irregular in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0073-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella tiene un gato.", "back": "She has a cat.", @@ -2037,6 +5237,190 @@ "section": "Sentence Formation", "sourceImage": "f0073-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Yo no quiero cantar.", + "back": "I don't want to sing", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Sentence Formation", + "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ellos quieren leer un libro.", + "back": "They want to read a book.", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Sentence Formation", + "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Podemos bailar bien.", + "back": "We are able to dance well.", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Sentence Formation", + "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Sí, sabemos cantar bien también.", + "back": "Yes, we know how to sing well also", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Sentence Formation", + "sourceImage": "f0073-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo miento", + "back": "nosotros mentimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él miente", + "back": "Ellis mien ten", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo prefiero", + "back": "nosotros preferimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú prefieres", + "back": "vosotros preterit", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella prefere", + "back": "Ella's preferen", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vengo", + "back": "nosotros venimob", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. viene", + "back": "Us Vienna", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > ie", + "sourceImage": "f0075-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pido", + "back": "nosotros pedimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo repito", + "back": "nosotros repetimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. pide", + "back": "Us pine", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él repite", + "back": "Ellis repine", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sigo", + "back": "nosotros seguimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sirvo", + "back": "nosotros services", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change e > i", + "sourceImage": "f0075-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo duermo", + "back": "nosotros dormimos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0076-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "é duerme", + "back": "Ellis doormen", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change o > ue", + "sourceImage": "f0076-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo oigo", + "back": "nosotros oímos", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella oye", + "back": "Ella's open", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo salgo", + "back": "nosotros salamis", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. sale", + "back": "Us sales", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "Stem Change in the yo Form Only", + "sourceImage": "f0076-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "estar seguro", "back": "to be sure", @@ -2100,20 +5484,60 @@ "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", "section": "El tren", "sourceImage": "f0080-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la hora pico", + "back": "the rush hour", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la muchedumbre", + "back": "the crowd", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la salida", + "back": "the exit", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el sótano", + "back": "the basement", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerca de mí", + "back": "near me", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a mi lado", + "back": "at my side", + "chapter": 6, + "chapterTitle": "Irregular Verbs", + "section": "El tren", + "sourceImage": "f0080-03.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 7, "cards": [ - { - "front": "Ellos van a cantar esta noche.", - "back": "They are going to sing tonight", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", - "sourceImage": "f0083-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "Vamos a decidir más tarde.", "back": "We are going to decide later.", @@ -2130,14 +5554,6 @@ "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", "sourceImage": "f0083-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "¿ Van a cantar ellos esta noche?", - "back": "Are they going to sing tonight!", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", - "sourceImage": "f0083-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "¿A qué hora va a llegar el tren?", "back": "At what hour is the train going", @@ -2162,6 +5578,206 @@ "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", "sourceImage": "f0083-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "aceptar", + "back": "to accept", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cruzar", + "back": "to cross", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apagar", + "back": "to turn off", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dibujar", + "back": "to draw", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cambiar", + "back": "to change", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "doblar", + "back": "to turn, to fold", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "celebrar", + "back": "to celebrate", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "explicar", + "back": "to explain", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0083-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "firmar", + "back": "to sign", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pintar", + "back": "to paint", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gozar", + "back": "to enjoy", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "preparar", + "back": "to prepare", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llorar", + "back": "to cry", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "repasar", + "back": "to review", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "manejar", + "back": "to drive", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "terminar", + "back": "to finish", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "marcar", + "back": "to dial, to mark", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tirar", + "back": "to throw", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "necesitar", + "back": "to need", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "usar", + "back": "to use", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "parar", + "back": "to stop", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "viajar", + "back": "to travel", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Future with the Verb ir", + "sourceImage": "f0084-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo tengo treinta años.", + "back": "1 am thirty years old. (literally", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Idioms", + "sourceImage": "f0085-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "años", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Idioms with the Verb tener", + "sourceImage": "f0085-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "to be", + "back": "- years old", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Idioms with the Verb tener", + "sourceImage": "f0085-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "vosotros acabáis de pagar", "back": "he has just left", @@ -2172,7 +5788,7 @@ }, { "front": "you have just paid", - "back": "nosotros acabamos de decidir", + "back": "nosotros acabamos de decider", "chapter": 7, "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", "section": "Other Idioms", @@ -2220,7 +5836,7 @@ }, { "front": "you have to cook", - "back": "nosotros tenemos que caminar", + "back": "nosotros tenets qua caminar", "chapter": 7, "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", "section": "Other Idioms", @@ -2314,6 +5930,62 @@ "section": "The Conjunction que", "sourceImage": "f0089-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "José tiene dos libros para la clase.", + "back": "Joe has two books for the class.", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La pregunta es para María.", + "back": "The question is for María.", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Mañana, el barco sale para Cuba.", + "back": "Tomorrow the boat sails for Cuba", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los guantes son para el invierno.", + "back": "The gloves are for the winter.", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Hay una carta para nosotros?", + "back": "Is there a letter for us?", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella va a estudiar para el examen.", + "back": "She is going to study for the exam", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "The Preposition para", + "sourceImage": "f0090-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la articulación", + "back": "the joint", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la mejilla", "back": "the cheek", @@ -2322,6 +5994,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la barba", + "back": "the beard", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la muñeca", "back": "the wrist", @@ -2330,6 +6010,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la barbilla", + "back": "the chin", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el muslo", "back": "the thigh", @@ -2338,6 +6026,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la boca", + "back": "the mouth", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "las nalgas", "back": "the buttocks", @@ -2346,6 +6042,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el brazo", + "back": "the arm", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la nariz", "back": "the nose", @@ -2354,6 +6058,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cabello", + "back": "the hair", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la nuca", "back": "the nape", @@ -2362,6 +6074,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cabeza", + "back": "the head", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el oído", "back": "the inner ear", @@ -2370,6 +6090,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cadera", + "back": "the hip", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el ojo", "back": "the eye", @@ -2378,6 +6106,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cara", + "back": "the face", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la oreja", "back": "the ear", @@ -2386,6 +6122,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la ceja", + "back": "the eyebrow", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el párpado", "back": "the eyelid", @@ -2394,6 +6138,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la cintura", + "back": "the waist", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pecho", "back": "the chest", @@ -2402,6 +6154,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el codo", + "back": "the elbow", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pelo", "back": "the hair", @@ -2410,6 +6170,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la columna", + "back": "the spine", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pestaña", "back": "the eyelash", @@ -2418,6 +6186,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cuello", + "back": "the neck", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pie", "back": "the foot", @@ -2426,6 +6202,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el dedo", + "back": "the finger", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la piel", "back": "the skin", @@ -2434,6 +6218,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el dedo del pie", + "back": "the toe", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pierna", "back": "the leg", @@ -2442,6 +6234,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el diente", + "back": "the tooth", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pulgar", "back": "the thumb", @@ -2450,6 +6250,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "las encías", + "back": "the gums", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la quijada", "back": "the jaw", @@ -2458,6 +6266,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la espalda", + "back": "the back", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la rodilla", "back": "the knee", @@ -2466,6 +6282,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la frente", + "back": "the forehead", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "los senos", "back": "the breasts", @@ -2474,6 +6298,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la garganta", + "back": "the throat", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el talón", "back": "the heel", @@ -2482,6 +6314,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el hombro", + "back": "the shoulder", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el tobillo", "back": "the ankle", @@ -2490,6 +6330,14 @@ "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la lengua", + "back": "the tongue", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Las partes del cuerpo (Parts of the Body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la uña", "back": "the nail", @@ -2506,54 +6354,6 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la arteria", - "back": "the artery", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el cerebro", - "back": "the brain", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el corazón", - "back": "the heart", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "las costillas", - "back": "the ribs", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el estómago", - "back": "the stomach", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el hígado", - "back": "the liver", - "chapter": 7, - "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", - "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", - "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "el hueso", "back": "the bone", @@ -2562,6 +6362,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la arteria", + "back": "the artery", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el músculo", "back": "the muscle", @@ -2570,6 +6378,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cerebro", + "back": "the brain", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pulmón", "back": "the lung", @@ -2578,6 +6394,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el corazón", + "back": "the heart", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el riñón", "back": "the kidney", @@ -2586,6 +6410,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "las costillas", + "back": "the ribs", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la sangre", "back": "the blood", @@ -2594,6 +6426,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el estómago", + "back": "the stomach", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el tendón", "back": "the tendon", @@ -2602,6 +6442,14 @@ "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el hígado", + "back": "the liver", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Dentro del cuerpo (Inside the body)", + "sourceImage": "f0091-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "las venas", "back": "the veins", @@ -2780,7 +6628,7 @@ }, { "front": "el cuñado, la cuñada", - "back": "the brother-in-law, the sister-in-lau", + "back": "the brother-in-law, the sister-in-lay", "chapter": 7, "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", "section": "La familia", @@ -2810,6 +6658,70 @@ "section": "La familia", "sourceImage": "f0093-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "aparecer", + "back": "to appear", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escoger", + "back": "to choose", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caber", + "back": "to fit", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lograr", + "back": "to achieve,", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "desaparecer", + "back": "to disappear", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llenar", + "back": "to fill", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "emerger", + "back": "to emerge", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ver", + "back": "to see", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el apellido", "back": "the last name, the surname", @@ -2929,6 +6841,30 @@ "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0100-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "común", + "back": "common", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "solo", + "back": "alone", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al final", + "back": "at the end.", + "chapter": 7, + "chapterTitle": "Ir and the Future", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0100-05.jpg" } ] }, @@ -3047,6 +6983,30 @@ "section": "Possessive Adjectives", "sourceImage": "f0103-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "español", + "back": "Spanish", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0105-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el restaurante español", + "back": "the Spanish restaurant", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0105-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la comida española", + "back": "the Spanish meal", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0105-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el hombre cubano", "back": "the Cuban man", @@ -3159,6 +7119,470 @@ "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", "sourceImage": "f0106-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Country", + "back": "Nationality", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Country", + "back": "Nationality", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Alemania", + "back": "alemán", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Irlanda", + "back": "irlandés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Arabia Saudita", + "back": "saudí/saudita", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Israel", + "back": "israelí", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(la) Argentina", + "back": "Argentine", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Italia", + "back": "Italian", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Austria", + "back": "Austria", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Jamaica", + "back": "jamaiquino", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Bolivia Bélgica", + "back": "Bella boliviano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(el) Brasil", + "back": "brasileño", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "México", + "back": "Mexican", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(el) Canadá", + "back": "canadiens", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nicaragua", + "back": "nicaragüense", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Chile", + "back": "Chilean", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Noruega", + "back": "noruego", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "China", + "back": "chino", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nueva Zelanda", + "back": "neocelandés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Colombia", + "back": "Colombian", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Corea", + "back": "coreano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Costa Rica", + "back": "costarricense", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(el) Paraguay", + "back": "Paraguay", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Cuba Dinamarca", + "back": "danés cubano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Polonia (el) Perú", + "back": "police peruano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(el) Ecuador", + "back": "Ecuadorian", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Portugal", + "back": "portugués", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Egipto", + "back": "egipcio", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Puerto Rico", + "back": "puertorriqueñc", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Escocia", + "back": "escocés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(la) República", + "back": "Dominican", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(los) Estados", + "back": "norteamericano/", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Rusia", + "back": "rush", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Unidos", + "back": "estadounidense", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Finlandia", + "back": "finlandés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Siria", + "back": "Siri", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Francia", + "back": "francés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Grecia", + "back": "Grieg", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Suecia", + "back": "Sue", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Guatemala", + "back": "guatemalteco", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(la) Suiza", + "back": "Suez", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Haití", + "back": "Haitian", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tailandia", + "back": "tailandés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Holanda", + "back": "holandés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Honduras", + "back": "hondureño", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Turquía", + "back": "turbo", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(el) Uruguay", + "back": "Uruguay", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "(la) India", + "back": "hindú", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Venezuela", + "back": "venezolano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Inglaterra", + "back": "inglés", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Vietnam", + "back": "vietnamita", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Irak/Iraq", + "back": "iraquí", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yemen", + "back": "yemení", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "África", + "back": "African", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Australia", + "back": "Australian", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Europa", + "back": "Europe", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Asia l", + "back": "asiático", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Sudamérica", + "back": "sudamericano", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adjectives of Nationality", + "sourceImage": "f0107-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "El hombre bueno.", "back": "The (fairly) good man", @@ -3168,48 +7592,40 @@ "sourceImage": "f0108-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Él va a volver algún día.", - "back": "He is going to return some day.", + "front": "ambos países. Los viajeros van a visitar España y Portugal son bellos.", + "back": "both countries. / The travelers are going to visit Spain and Portugal are beautiful.", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Ella lee todo el día.", - "back": "He has other difficult problems.", + "front": "cocina.", + "back": "Casa apartment tine Ana / Each apartment has a kitchen.", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Todo el mundo está aquí.", - "back": "Ella va a comprar otras cosas.", + "front": "Varias tiendas venden burritos. Varios restaurantes sirven tacos.", + "back": "Several stores sell burritos. / Several restaurants serve tacos.", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Leo toda la información.", - "back": "She is going to buy other things.", + "front": "Él va a volver algún día. Algunas ideas son malas. ¿ Hay alguna farmacia cerca? Algunos pensamientos son buenos.", + "back": "Some ideas are bad. Some thoughts are good. / He is going to return some day. Is there some pharmacy nearby?", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Él escribe todos los días.", - "back": "NOTE: Un and una do not precede any form of otro and otra.", - "chapter": 8, - "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", - "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", - "sourceImage": "f0109-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Ella hace todas las preguntas.", - "back": "todo all, every", + "front": "Ella lee todo el día. Leo toda la información. Él escribe todos los días. Todo el mundo está aquí. Ella hace todas las preguntas.", + "back": "She reads all day. / I read all the information. She asks all the questions. Everyone (all the world) is here. He writes every day (all the days)", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Adjectives That Express Quantity", @@ -3241,7 +7657,7 @@ }, { "front": "como el gato?", - "back": "tan + adjetivo + como", + "back": "tan + adjetivo + come", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Comparative Adjectives", @@ -3249,7 +7665,7 @@ }, { "front": "more + adjective + than", - "back": "Estas tortas son tan dulces", + "back": "Estes tortas son tan dulces", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Comparative Adjectives", @@ -3257,7 +7673,7 @@ }, { "front": "Julia is stronger than John.", - "back": "como esos pasteles.", + "back": "come egos pastels", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Comparative Adjectives", @@ -3305,7 +7721,7 @@ }, { "front": "bad", - "back": "malo", + "back": "male", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives", @@ -3313,7 +7729,7 @@ }, { "front": "worse", - "back": "peor", + "back": "poor", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives", @@ -3335,6 +7751,198 @@ "section": "Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives", "sourceImage": "f0115-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "claro", + "back": "clear", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "claramente", + "back": "clearly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rápido", + "back": "rapid", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "rápidamente", + "back": "rapidly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lento", + "back": "slow", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lentamente", + "back": "slowly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "franco", + "back": "frank", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "francamente", + "back": "frankly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "honesto", + "back": "honest", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "honestamente", + "back": "honestly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "íntimo", + "back": "intimate", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "íntimamente", + "back": "intimatelı", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "último", + "back": "Last", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "últimamente", + "back": "lastly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0117-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alegre", + "back": "happy", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alegremente", + "back": "happily", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "feliz.", + "back": "happy", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "felizmente", + "back": "happily", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "triste", + "back": "sad", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tristemente", + "back": "sadly", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fácil", + "back": "easy", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fácilmente", + "back": "easily", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "frecuente", + "back": "frequent", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "frecuentemente", + "back": "frequent", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs", + "sourceImage": "f0118-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Él camina frecuente y alegremente.", "back": "He walks frequently and happily", @@ -3367,6 +7975,238 @@ "section": "Adverbs", "sourceImage": "f0118-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "mucho", + "back": "a lot", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "más", + "back": "more", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tanto", + "back": "so much", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "menos", + "back": "less", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poco", + "back": "a little bit", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "demasiado", + "back": "too much", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Quantity", + "sourceImage": "f0119-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bien", + "back": "well / better", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs That Tell How Something Is Done", + "sourceImage": "f0119-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a veces", + "back": "sometimes", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerca", + "back": "nearby", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ahora", + "back": "now", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en lo alto", + "back": "up, up there", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ahora mismo", + "back": "right now", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lejos", + "back": "far off", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "siempre", + "back": "always", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "adelante", + "back": "in front", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "todavía", + "back": "still, yet; no, not yet", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al fondo", + "back": "in back,", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ya no", + "back": "no longer", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "atrás", + "back": "in back", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "temprano", + "back": "early", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "arriba", + "back": "up, upstairs", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tarde", + "back": "late", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "abajo", + "back": "down, downstairs", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aquí, allí", + "back": "here, there", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "adentro", + "back": "inside", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "acá, allá", + "back": "here, there", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "afuera", + "back": "outside", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Adverbs of Time and Place", + "sourceImage": "f0119-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apagar", + "back": "to turn off / imaginary", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sonreír / to smile", + "back": "upon entering", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el ambiente", "back": "the atmosphere", @@ -3375,38 +8215,6 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el anfitrión/", - "back": "the host/", - "chapter": 8, - "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la anfitriona", - "back": "the hostess", - "chapter": 8, - "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el bocadillo", - "back": "the snack", - "chapter": 8, - "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la botella", - "back": "the bottle", - "chapter": 8, - "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "la brisa", "back": "the breeze", @@ -3415,6 +8223,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el anfitrión/", + "back": "the host/", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la conocida", "back": "the acquaintance", @@ -3423,6 +8239,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la anfitriona", + "back": "the hostess", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el entremés", "back": "the appetizer", @@ -3431,6 +8255,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el bocadillo", + "back": "the snack", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el invitado", "back": "the guest", @@ -3439,6 +8271,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la botella", + "back": "the bottle", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la letra", "back": "the words (of a song)", @@ -3448,16 +8288,40 @@ "sourceImage": "f0123-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "la hora equivocada", - "back": "the wrong hour", + "front": "la pareja", + "back": "the couple el vestuario the closet,", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0124-03.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0124-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "consigo", - "back": "with themselves", + "front": "the soda", + "back": "the wardrobe", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0124-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "acerca de", + "back": "about", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0124-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "encima de", + "back": "on top of", + "chapter": 8, + "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0124-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la hora equivocada", + "back": "the wrong hour", "chapter": 8, "chapterTitle": "Adjectives and Adverbs", "section": "Reading Comprehension", @@ -3477,16 +8341,112 @@ "chapter": 9, "cards": [ { - "front": "Algo can sometimes be used as an adverb to mean somewhat.", - "back": "The book is somewhat interesting", + "front": "Yo canto.", + "back": "I sing.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Negatives", - "sourceImage": "f0126-02.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0125-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo no quiero cantar.", + "back": "I don't want to sing", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nada", + "back": "nothing", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nadie", + "back": "no one", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nunca", + "back": "never", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "jamás", + "back": "never", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ninguno", + "back": "not one", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No tengo nada en mi bolsa.", + "back": "I have nothing in my bag.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella no entiende nada.", + "back": "She does't understand anything", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0125-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Tienen Uds. algo para ella?", + "back": "Do you have something for her?", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No, no tenemos nada.", + "back": "No, we have nothing.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella no quiere hacer nada.", + "back": "She does't want to do anything.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No vamos a escribir nada.", + "back": "We are not going to write anything.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0126-01.jpg" }, { "front": "El libro es algo interesante.", - "back": "Nada can be used as an adverb to mean not at all.", + "back": "The book is somewhat interesting", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Negatives", @@ -3500,6 +8460,262 @@ "section": "Negatives", "sourceImage": "f0126-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Ella no habla nunca; es muy", + "back": "She never talks; she is very shy", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0126-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El niño nunca practica el piano.", + "back": "The boy never practices the", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0127-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Jamás bebo café con azúcar.", + "back": "I never drink coffee with sugar", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Negatives", + "sourceImage": "f0127-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a", + "back": "at, to", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0131-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en", + "back": "in, on", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0131-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él habla sin pensar.", + "back": "He speaks without thinking.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0131-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contra", + "back": "against", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "según", + "back": "according to", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "durante", + "back": "during", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sobre", + "back": "above, on top of,", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "excepto", + "back": "except", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hasta", + "back": "until", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacia", + "back": "toward", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "desde", + "back": "since; from (a point of", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0132-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El sartén está sobre la estufa.", + "back": "The pan is on top of the stove.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El autor escribe sobre la historia.", + "back": "The author writes about history.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Vamos al cine sobre las ocho.", + "back": "We are going to the movies about", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Veo el río desde mi ventana.", + "back": "I see the river from my window.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella trabaja desde las siete de", + "back": "She works from seven o'clock in", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la mañana hasta las tres de", + "back": "the morning until three in the", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la tarde", + "back": "afternoon", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Prepositions Followed by Nouns or Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0133-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para él", + "back": "for him", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para Ud.", + "back": "for you (sing.)", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para ella", + "back": "for her", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para Uds.", + "back": "for you (pl.)", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para ellos", + "back": "for them (m.)", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para nosotros", + "back": "for us", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para ellas", + "back": "for them (f.)", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para vosotros", + "back": "for you", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0133-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para mí", + "back": "for me", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0134-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para ti", + "back": "for you", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0134-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contigo", + "back": "with you", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Pronouns That Follow Prepositions", + "sourceImage": "f0134-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Preferimos viajar por avión.", "back": "We prefer to travel by plane.", @@ -3540,6 +8756,22 @@ "section": "The Preposition por", "sourceImage": "f0134-04.jpg" }, + { + "front": "El niño corre por debajo de", + "back": "The child runs under the table", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "The Preposition por", + "sourceImage": "f0135-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El gato salta por encima del sofá.", + "back": "The cat jumps over the sofa.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "The Preposition por", + "sourceImage": "f0135-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "El regalo es para su hijo.", "back": "The gift is for her son.", @@ -3556,6 +8788,46 @@ "section": "Por and para Compared", "sourceImage": "f0136-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Necesito la blusa para el viernes.", + "back": "I need the blouse for Friday", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Por and para Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0136-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Voy a viajar por varios meses.", + "back": "I am going to travel for several", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Por and para Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella mira televisión por una hora.", + "back": "She watches television for an hour", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Por and para Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Dormimos por ocho horas cada", + "back": "We sleep for eight hours every", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Por and para Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "noche.", + "back": "night.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Por and para Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0136-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Queremos una habitación para", "back": "We want a room for two persons", @@ -3581,7 +8853,23 @@ "sourceImage": "f0136-04.jpg" }, { - "front": "el noreste", + "front": "aunque", + "back": "although", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "libre", + "back": "free (as in time)", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el circo", "back": "the circus", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3589,7 +8877,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "qué hay que hacer", + "front": "el noreste", + "back": "the northeast", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el colega", "back": "the colleague", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3597,7 +8893,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el sitio", + "front": "qué hay que hacer", + "back": "what is there to do", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el colmo", "back": "the limit", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3605,7 +8909,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "soltera", + "front": "el sitio", + "back": "the place", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el ensayo", "back": "the rehearsal", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3613,7 +8925,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el tiquete", + "front": "soltera", + "back": "single", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la gira", "back": "the tour", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3621,7 +8941,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "de todos modos", + "front": "el toquetee", + "back": "the ticket", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "indicar", "back": "to indicate", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3629,7 +8957,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el trapecista", + "front": "de todos modos", + "back": "anyway", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el interés", "back": "the interest", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3637,15 +8973,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "free (as in time)", - "back": "libre", + "front": "el trapecista", + "back": "the trapeze artist", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0140-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "las noticias", + "front": "la caja", "back": "the box", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3653,7 +8989,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "la parada", + "front": "las noticias", + "back": "the news", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el correo", "back": "the post office", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3661,7 +9005,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "la película", + "front": "la parada", + "back": "the bus stop", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "los derechos", "back": "the human rights", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3669,7 +9021,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el/la testigo", + "front": "la película", + "back": "the film", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el/la juez.", "back": "the judge", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3678,15 +9038,31 @@ }, { "front": "el vecino", - "back": "the lau", + "back": "the neighbor", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0141-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el alba (f.)", + "back": "the darn", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el mar", - "back": "the daun", + "back": "the sea", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el cielo", + "back": "the sky", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Nature", @@ -3694,7 +9070,15 @@ }, { "front": "las montañas", - "back": "the sky", + "back": "the mountains", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la colina", + "back": "the hill", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Nature", @@ -3709,7 +9093,7 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "la nieve", + "front": "el desierto", "back": "the desert", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3717,7 +9101,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "las nubes", + "front": "la nieve", + "back": "the snow", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la estrella", "back": "the star", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3725,7 +9117,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el ocaso", + "front": "las nubes", + "back": "the clouds", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la inundación", "back": "the flood", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3733,7 +9133,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el océano", + "front": "el ocaso", + "back": "the sunset", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el lago", "back": "the lake", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3741,7 +9149,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "la puesta del sol", + "front": "el océano", + "back": "the ocean", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la lluvia", "back": "the rain", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3749,7 +9165,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el relámpago", + "front": "la puesta del sol", + "back": "the sunset", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la luna", "back": "the moon", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3757,7 +9181,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el río", + "front": "el relámpago", + "back": "the lightning", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la madrugada", "back": "the dawn,", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3765,8 +9197,8 @@ "sourceImage": "f0141-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "el sol", - "back": "early morning", + "front": "el río", + "back": "the river", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Nature", @@ -3781,7 +9213,7 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "la tempestad", + "front": "la tormenta", "back": "the storm", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3789,23 +9221,7 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el terremoto", - "back": "the earthquake", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Nature", - "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la tierra", - "back": "the earth", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Nature", - "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la tormenta", + "front": "la tempestad", "back": "the storm", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3820,6 +9236,14 @@ "section": "Nature", "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el terremoto", + "back": "the earthquake", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Nature", + "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el viento", "back": "the wind", @@ -3828,72 +9252,16 @@ "section": "Nature", "sourceImage": "f0142-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "¿ Qué tiempo hace?", - "back": "The weather is good.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Hace buen tiempo.", - "back": "The weather is bad.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Hace mal tiempo.", - "back": "Hay estrellas.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "Hace calor.", - "back": "Hay luna.", + "back": "It's hot.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Weather", "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Hace frío.", - "back": "Hay neblina.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Hace fresco.", - "back": "Hay nubes.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Hace sol.", - "back": "Hay polvo.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Hace viento.", - "back": "Hay lodo.", - "chapter": 9, - "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "It's hot.", + "front": "Hay estrellas.", "back": "The stars are out", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3901,7 +9269,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "It's cold.", + "front": "Hace frío.", + "back": "It's cold.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Weather", + "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay luna.", "back": "The moon is out.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3909,7 +9285,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "It's cool.", + "front": "Hace fresco.", + "back": "It's cool.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Weather", + "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay neblina.", "back": "It's foggy.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3917,7 +9301,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "It's sunny.", + "front": "Hace sol.", + "back": "It's sunny.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Weather", + "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay nubes.", "back": "It's cloudy.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3925,7 +9317,15 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "It's windy.", + "front": "Hace viento.", + "back": "It's windy.", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Weather", + "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hay polvo.", "back": "It's dusty.", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", @@ -3933,12 +9333,52 @@ "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "What's the weather like?", - "back": "It's muddy.", + "front": "buscar", + "back": "to look for", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", - "section": "Weather", - "sourceImage": "f0142-02.jpg" + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llamar", + "back": "to call", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conversar", + "back": "to converse", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mandar", + "back": "to send", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "discutir", + "back": "to discuss", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "saludar", + "back": "to greet", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-01.jpg" }, { "front": "el cambio", @@ -3949,8 +9389,24 @@ "sourceImage": "f0149-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "la computadora", - "back": "the computer", + "front": "el correo", + "back": "e-mail", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la contestadora", + "back": "the answering", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0149-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el cuartito", + "back": "the little room", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Reading Comprehension", @@ -3965,8 +9421,8 @@ "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el empleado", - "back": "the worker", + "front": "la máquina", + "back": "the fax machine", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Reading Comprehension", @@ -3980,6 +9436,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el mundo", + "back": "the world", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el espacio", "back": "the space", @@ -3988,6 +9452,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "las noticias", + "back": "the news", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la factura", "back": "the invoice, bill", @@ -3996,6 +9468,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la razón", + "back": "the reason", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la impresora", "back": "the printer", @@ -4005,18 +9485,42 @@ "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "el jefe", - "back": "the boss", + "front": "la voz", + "back": "the voice", "chapter": 9, "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0150-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "impresionante", + "back": "impressive", + "chapter": 9, + "chapterTitle": "Negatives and Prepositions", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0150-02.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 10, "cards": [ + { + "front": "English Construction", + "back": "I like this class.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Singular Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0153-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Spanish Construction", + "back": "Me gusto eta close", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Singular Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0153-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Me gusta la música.", "back": "The music is pleasing to me", @@ -4058,21 +9562,221 @@ "sourceImage": "f0153-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "A María le gusta bailar", - "back": "A Fernando le gusta la verdad.", + "front": "English Construction", + "back": "I like the books.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Plural Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0154-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Spanish Construction", + "back": "Me gust an los Libra", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Plural Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0154-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me gustan las fiestas.", + "back": "The parties are pleasing to me", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Plural Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0154-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me gustan los deportes.", + "back": "Sports are pleasing to me.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Plural Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0154-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me gustan los perros.", + "back": "Dogs are pleasing to me.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Plural Noun as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0154-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No me gustan las cucarachas.", + "back": "Cockroaches are not pleasing to me", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verb as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0155-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No me gusta cocinar.", + "back": "To cook is not pleasing to me.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verb as the Subject", + "sourceImage": "f0155-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "English Construction", + "back": "You like his car.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Te gusta and te gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0155-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Spanish Construction", + "back": "Te gusto su carry", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Te gusta and te gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0155-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "English Construction", + "back": "He likes the wine.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0156-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Spanish Construction", + "back": "Le gusto el vino.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0156-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A Fernando le gusta la verdad.", + "back": "The truth is pleasing to Fernando", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", "sourceImage": "f0156-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "Les gusta la película.", - "back": "To them is pleasing the film", + "front": "A María le gusta bailar", + "back": "To dance is pleasing to Maria.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0156-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A la mujer le gusta leer:", + "back": "To read is pleasing to the woman", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0156-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Al hombre le gusta cocinar.", + "back": "To cook is pleasing to the man.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Le gusta and le gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0156-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "English Construction", + "back": "They like the film.", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", "sourceImage": "f0157-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Les gusta la película.", + "back": "Spanish Construction", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0157-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿A Uds. les gusta el café negro?", + "back": "Is black coffee pleasing to you?", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿A Uds. les gusta el presidente?", + "back": "Is the president pleasing to you?", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A ellas les gustan los hoteles.", + "back": "Hotels are pleasing to them.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A ellos les gusta dormir bien.", + "back": "To sleep well is pleasing to them.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0157-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A mí me gusta el café.", + "back": "Coffee is pleasing to me", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0158-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A ti te gusta el vino.", + "back": "Wine is pleasing to you.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Les gusta and les gustan", + "sourceImage": "f0158-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ No te agrada nadar?", + "back": "Isn't swimming pleasing to you?", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0159-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me agrada vivir en el campo.", + "back": "To live in the country is pleasing", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0159-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Te conviene tomar ese trabajo?", + "back": "Does it suit you to take that job:", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0159-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No nos conviene viajar ahora.", + "back": "It does not suit us to travel now.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0159-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Me duele la cabeza.", "back": "My head hurts me.", @@ -4097,9 +9801,33 @@ "section": "Verbs like gustar", "sourceImage": "f0160-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Le encanta viajar.", + "back": "To travel is enchanting to him.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0160-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Le encanta visitar España.", + "back": "To visit Spain is enchanting to him", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0160-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A ellos les falta disciplina.", + "back": "They lack discipline.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Verbs like gustar", + "sourceImage": "f0160-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Aquí falta luz.", - "back": "A ellos les falta disciplina.", + "back": "Here there is no light", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Verbs like gustar", @@ -4115,7 +9843,7 @@ }, { "front": "How many pages are left for us", - "back": "NOTE: Quedar por + an infinitive = to remain to be.", + "back": "NOTE: Queer pop + an infinitive = to remain to be.", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Verbs like gustar", @@ -4123,23 +9851,271 @@ }, { "front": "por leer?", - "back": "sobrar to have more than enough of (something)", + "back": "soberer to have more than enough of (something)", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Verbs like gustar", "sourceImage": "f0161-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Él me compra flores.", - "back": "He buys flowers for me", + "front": "yo cobro", + "back": "nosotros cobras", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo compro", + "back": "nosotros compramos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cuento", + "back": "nosotros contamos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo contesto", + "back": "nosotros contestamos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo doy", + "back": "nosotros Damon", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo digo", + "back": "nosotros Deimos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú das", + "back": "vosotros dais", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él da", + "back": "Ellis dan", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella dice", + "back": "Ella's diced", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo hago", + "back": "nosotros racemes", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pregunto", + "back": "nosotros preguntamos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. hace", + "back": "Us haven", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él pregunta", + "back": "Ellis preguntan", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0164-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo presto", + "back": "nosotros prestos", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo traigo", + "back": "nosotros traumas", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella presta", + "back": "Ella's Preston", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. trae", + "back": "Us train", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "The Indirect Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0165-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Carlos me escribe una carta.", + "back": "Charles writes a letter to me.", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", - "sourceImage": "f0166-03.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Yo le compro flores a él.", - "back": "I buy flowers for him.", + "front": "Carlos te escribe una carta.", + "back": "Charles writes a letter to you", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo le escribo una carta.", + "back": "I write a letter to him.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Carlos os escribe una carta.", + "back": "Charles writes a letter to you", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "María le escribe una carta a Ud.", + "back": "Maria writes a letter to you.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "María le escribe una carta a él.", + "back": "Maria writes a letter to him", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "María le escribe una carta a ella.", + "back": "Maria unites a letter to her", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "María le escribe una carta a Juan.", + "back": "Maria writes a letter to John.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "María le escribe una carta a Susana.", + "back": "Maria writes a letter to Susana", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0165-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Juan les escribe una carta a Uds.", + "back": "John writes a letter to you.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Juan les escribe una carta a ellas.", + "back": "John writes a letter to them", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él les escribe una carta a sus", + "back": "He writes a letter to his", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hermanos.", + "back": "brothers.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Juan les escribe una carta a Ana", + "back": "John writes a letter to Ana", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "y José.", + "back": "and Joseph.", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", + "sourceImage": "f0166-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él me compra flores.", + "back": "He buys flowers for me", "chapter": 10, "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", @@ -4153,6 +10129,102 @@ "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Placed Directly Before the First Verb", "sourceImage": "f0166-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Antes de prestarte dinero,...", + "back": "Before lending you money, ..", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive", + "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Después de enseñarnos el", + "back": "After teaching us French, ....", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive", + "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "En vez de escribirme una", + "back": "Instead of writing a letter to", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive", + "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "carta....", + "back": "me...", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Indirect Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive", + "sourceImage": "f0168-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "andar", + "back": "to walk", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escoger", + "back": "to choose", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "arreglar la maleta", + "back": "to pack the suitcase", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esperar", + "back": "to await", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cargar", + "back": "to carry", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gozar (de)", + "back": "to enjoy", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cenar", + "back": "to dine", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tardar", + "back": "to delay", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el asiento", "back": "the seat", @@ -4208,12 +10280,212 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0176-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lo que", + "back": "that which, often translated as what", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hay mucho que hacer", + "back": "there is a lot to do", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ida y vuelta", + "back": "round-trip", + "chapter": 10, + "chapterTitle": "The Indirect Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0176-04.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 11, "cards": [ + { + "front": "Yo veo a la mujer.", + "back": "I see the woman.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Vemos a Pedro.", + "back": "We see Peter.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds. ven a sus primos.", + "back": "You see your cousins", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo visito al hombre.", + "back": "I visit the man.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tú visitas al niño.", + "back": "You visit the child.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Quieres llamar a alguien?", + "back": "Do you want to call someone!", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No puedo llamar a nadie.", + "back": "I can't call anyone.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella tiene cinco sobrinos.", + "back": "She has five nephews", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0177-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo veo el árbol.", + "back": "I see the tree.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0178-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Queremos ver una película hoy.", + "back": "We want to see a film today.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0178-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El espera el tren en la estación.", + "back": "He waits for the train in the station.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Personal a and the Direct Object", + "sourceImage": "f0178-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo escucho la música.", + "back": "I listen to the music.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella mira la casa.", + "back": "She looks at the house", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Esperamos el tren.", + "back": "We wait for the train.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo ayudo", + "back": "nosotros ayudamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo beso", + "back": "nosotros besamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. ayuda", + "back": "Us ayudkan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él besa", + "back": "Ellis began", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0178-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo busco", + "back": "nosotros buscamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo conozco", + "back": "nosotros conocemos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo conozco a esta mujer.", + "back": "I know (am acquainted with) this woman", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El conoce Paris", + "back": "He knows Paris.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella sabe la verdad.", "back": "She knows the truth.", @@ -4223,13 +10495,173 @@ "sourceImage": "f0179-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "Yo cé nadar", + "front": "Yo ce nadar", "back": "I know how to swim", "chapter": 11, "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", "section": "Transitive Verbs", "sourceImage": "f0179-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "yo cuido", + "back": "nosotros cuidamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dejo", + "back": "nosotros dejamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Dejo mis llaves en mi casa.", + "back": "1 leave my keys in my house", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Salgo de mi oficina a las tres.", + "back": "I leave my office at three o'clock", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-06.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. encuentra", + "back": "Us encuentran", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-07.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo escucho", + "back": "nosotros escuchamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-08.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella a", + "back": "Ella's escuchan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0179-08.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo invito", + "back": "nosotros invitamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo lamo", + "back": "nosotros llamas", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él invita", + "back": "Ellis invite", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella llama", + "back": "Ella's llamas", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo llevo", + "back": "nosotros llevamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo mato", + "back": "nosotros matzos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. Ileva", + "back": "Us llevan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él mata", + "back": "Ellis Mayan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo miro", + "back": "nosotros miramos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quiero", + "back": "nosotros queremos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella mira", + "back": "Ella's Milan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. quiere", + "back": "Us quieten", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0180-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella quiere a su amiga.", + "back": "She loves her friend", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Él ama a su esposa.", "back": "He (deep/y) loves his wife", @@ -4238,6 +10670,110 @@ "section": "Transitive Verbs", "sourceImage": "f0181-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "yo recojo", + "back": "nosotros recogemos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo saludo", + "back": "nosotros saludamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella recoge", + "back": "Ella's recogen", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él saluda", + "back": "Ellis saludan", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo veo", + "back": "nosotros vamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo visito", + "back": "nosotros visitamos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú ves", + "back": "vosotros vets", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. ve", + "back": "Us even", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él visita", + "back": "Ellis visit an", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Transitive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0181-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me", + "back": "me", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nos", + "back": "US", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te", + "back": "you", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "OS", + "back": "you (used only in Spain)", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0182-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella quiere visitarme en", "back": "She wants to visit me in Mexico", @@ -4294,14 +10830,270 @@ "section": "Direct Object Pronoun Attached to the Infinitive", "sourceImage": "f0183-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "lo", + "back": "him", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "los", + "back": "them (m.)", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo le conozco, ¿verdad?", + "back": "I know you, right?", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Puedo ayudarle?", + "back": "May I help you?", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Les acompañamos al parque.", + "back": "We accompany you to the park", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No lo veo.", + "back": "I don't see him.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella no me conoce.", + "back": "She does't know me.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ellos no nos quieren abrazar.", + "back": "They don't want to hug us", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él no quiere esperarme.", + "back": "He does't want to wait for me", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No queremos buscarla.", + "back": "We don't want to look for her.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Person", + "sourceImage": "f0184-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "los / the (m.)", "back": "it (m.)", "chapter": 11, "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Thing", "sourceImage": "f0186-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "las / the (f.)", + "back": "it (f.)", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Thing", + "sourceImage": "f0186-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Guillermo vende su carro.", + "back": "Bill sells his car", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "The Direct Object Pronoun as a Thing", + "sourceImage": "f0186-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Subject Pronoun", + "back": "Indirect Object Pronoun / Direct Object Pronoun", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo", + "back": "me / me", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú", + "back": "the / the", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella", + "back": "le (a ella) / la", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros", + "back": "nos / nos", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros", + "back": "OS / OS", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos", + "back": "les (a Ellis) / los", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas", + "back": "les (a Ella's) / las", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds.", + "back": "les (a Us) / -", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarlo.", + "back": "I want to help him.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarla.", + "back": "I want to help her.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarle.", + "back": "I want to help you (sing.)", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarlos.", + "back": "I want to help them.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarlas.", + "back": "I want to help them.", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero ayudarles.", + "back": "I want to help you (pl.).", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0188-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bajarse de", + "back": "to get off", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "saltar", + "back": "to jump", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dar a (la plaza)", + "back": "to faceloverlook (the plaza)", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sellar", + "back": "to stamp", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la aduana", + "back": "customs", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el pasaboca", "back": "the snack", @@ -4310,6 +11102,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la bienvenida", + "back": "the welcome", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la propina", "back": "the tip", @@ -4318,6 +11118,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el conductor", + "back": "the driver", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "un rato", "back": "a little while", @@ -4326,6 +11134,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el dueño", + "back": "the outer", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el registro", "back": "the register", @@ -4334,6 +11150,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la fila", + "back": "the line", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la sonrisa", "back": "the smile", @@ -4342,6 +11166,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la lágrima", + "back": "the tear", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la tarifa", "back": "the fare", @@ -4350,6 +11182,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la maleta", + "back": "the suitcase", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el viajero", "back": "the traveler", @@ -4357,15 +11197,303 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0192-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cariñoso", + "back": "affectionate", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "emocionado", + "back": "excited", + "chapter": 11, + "chapterTitle": "The Direct Object", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0192-04.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 12, "cards": [ + { + "front": "Subject Verb", + "back": "Object", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0193-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "wash", + "back": "myself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0193-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te", + "back": "yourself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "os", + "back": "yourselves", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "se", + "back": "himself, herself, yourself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "se", + "back": "themselves, yourselves", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él se lava", + "back": "he washes himself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos se lavan", + "back": "they wash themselves", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se lava", + "back": "she washes herself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas se lavan", + "back": "they wash themselves", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0193-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Reflexive", + "back": "He washes himself", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0194-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nonreflexive", + "back": "He washes the car", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "The Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0194-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me acuesto", + "back": "nos acostoamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me despierto", + "back": "nos despertamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te acuestas", + "back": "os acostáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te despiertas", + "back": "os despertáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me ducho", + "back": "nos duchamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me duermo", + "back": "nos dormimos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te duchas", + "back": "os ducháis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te duermes", + "back": "os dormís", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él se ducha", + "back": "Ellis se duchy", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se duerme", + "back": "Ella's se doormen", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me enfermo", + "back": "nos enfermamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me levanto", + "back": "nos levantamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te enfermas", + "back": "os enfermáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te levantas", + "back": "os levantáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me siento", + "back": "nos sentamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me visto", + "back": "nos vestiges", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te sientas", + "back": "os senpais", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te vistes", + "back": "os vestís", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se sienta.", + "back": "Ella's se Sienna", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud se viste", + "back": "Us se listen", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs Whose English Translations Do Not Necessarily Include Oneself", + "sourceImage": "f0195-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nos despertamos a las ocho.", + "back": "We wake up at eight o'clock", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0195-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nos levantamos a las ocho y media.", + "back": "We get up at eight thirty.", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun", + "sourceImage": "f0195-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿A qué hora te acuestas?", - "back": "Ellos se divierten los fines de", + "back": "Ellis se diverted los fines de", "chapter": 12, "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", "section": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun", @@ -4381,7 +11509,7 @@ }, { "front": "In the second position, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the infinitive.", - "back": "semana.", + "back": "seaman", "chapter": 12, "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", "section": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun", @@ -4395,6 +11523,206 @@ "section": "Position of the Reflexive Pronoun", "sourceImage": "f0196-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "me afeito", + "back": "nos afeitamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me cepillo", + "back": "nos cepillamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te afeitas", + "back": "os afeitáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te cepillas", + "back": "os cepilláis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me maquillo", + "back": "nos maquillamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me peino", + "back": "nos peinamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te maquillas", + "back": "os maquilláis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te peinas", + "back": "os peináis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. se maquilla", + "back": "Us se maquillan", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él se peina", + "back": "Ellis se Penn", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me pinto", + "back": "nos pintos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me pongo", + "back": "nos phonemes", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te pintas", + "back": "os pintáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te pones", + "back": "os ponéis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se pinta", + "back": "Ella's se pinta", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. se pone", + "back": "Us se pony", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reflexive Verbs with Parts of the Body and Clothing", + "sourceImage": "f0197-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "quedarse", + "back": "to remain", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Regular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mudarse", + "back": "to move (from one place to another)", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Regular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pararse", + "back": "to stand up", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Regular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me caigo", + "back": "nos camos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me voy", + "back": "nos vamos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te caes", + "back": "os caéis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te vas", + "back": "os vans", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él se cae", + "back": "Ellis se can", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se va", + "back": "Ella's se van", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0198-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella se hace doctora.", "back": "She is becoming a doctor.", @@ -4404,12 +11732,276 @@ "sourceImage": "f0199-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Él llega a ser doctor también.", - "back": "He is becoming a doctor also", + "front": "me acuerdo", + "back": "nos acordamos", "chapter": 12, "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", - "section": "Reflexive Verbs That Express “To Become”", - "sourceImage": "f0199-02.jpg" + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me doy cuenta", + "back": "nos Damon Cuesta", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te acuerdas", + "back": "os acordáis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te das cuenta", + "back": "os dais Cuesta", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me fijo mucho en los detalles.", + "back": "I notice the details a lot", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él se acuerda de ella", + "back": "He remembers her.", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me muero", + "back": "nos morimos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me parezco", + "back": "nos parecemos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te mueres", + "back": "os morís", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te pareces", + "back": "os parecéis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él se muere", + "back": "Ellis se mueren", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. se parece", + "back": "Us se parcel", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me siento", + "back": "nos centimos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te ríes", + "back": "os reis", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te sientes", + "back": "os sentís", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella se siente", + "back": "Ella's se sienten", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Irregular", + "sourceImage": "f0200-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Subject", + "back": "Indirect Object", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Direct Object", + "back": "Reflexive", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Pronoun", + "back": "Pronoun", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Pronoun", + "back": "Pronoun", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo", + "back": "me", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me", + "back": "me", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella", + "back": "le", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros", + "back": "nos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nos", + "back": "nos", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros", + "back": "OS", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "OS", + "back": "OS", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos", + "back": "les", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "los", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas", + "back": "les", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "las", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds.", + "back": "les", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "les", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Review Chart of Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0202-01.jpg" }, { "front": "Se prohíbe fumar.", @@ -4418,12 +12010,820 @@ "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", "section": "Se and Impersonal Expressions", "sourceImage": "f0203-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apresurarse", + "back": "to rush", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escoger", + "back": "to choose", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "charlar", + "back": "to chat", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llenarse", + "back": "to fill up", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conversar", + "back": "to converse", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "moverse", + "back": "to move", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dejar", + "back": "to let", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "to ask for, to request", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "acogedor", + "back": "cozy", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hablador(-a)", + "back": "talkative", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "animado", + "back": "energetic, excited", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ocupado", + "back": "busy", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "complacido", + "back": "satisfied", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "radiante", + "back": "radiant", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "delgado", + "back": "thin, slim", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sentado", + "back": "seated", + "chapter": 12, + "chapterTitle": "Reflexive Verbs", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0205-01.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 13, "cards": [ + { + "front": "cantar", + "back": "canto", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cante", + "back": "nosotros cantemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bailar", + "back": "bail", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo baile", + "back": "nosotros baileys", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerrar", + "back": "Cierra", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cierre", + "back": "nosotros cerremos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pensar", + "back": "pienso", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo piense", + "back": "nosotros pensemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recordar", + "back": "recuerdo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo recuerde", + "back": "nosotros recorders", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0207-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comer", + "back": "come", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo coma", + "back": "nosotros commas", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "querer", + "back": "quire", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quiera", + "back": "nosotros queramos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poder", + "back": "pied", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pueda", + "back": "nosotros podamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ver", + "back": "ver", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vea", + "back": "nosotros vamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vivir", + "back": "vivo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viva", + "back": "nosotros vivamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mentir", + "back": "mento", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo mienta", + "back": "nosotros mintamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "pico", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pida", + "back": "nosotros pidamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "derma", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo duerma", + "back": "nosotros durmamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0208-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conocer", + "back": "conozco", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo conozca", + "back": "nosotros conozcamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "dig", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo diga", + "back": "nosotros digamous", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "hago", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "o hag:", + "back": "nosotros hagamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "Congo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo ponga", + "back": "nosotros pongamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "salir", + "back": "salvo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo salga", + "back": "nosotros salamis", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "tango", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tenga", + "back": "nosotros tengamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "traer", + "back": "traigo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo traiga", + "back": "nosotros traigamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "venir", + "back": "vent", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo venga", + "back": "nosotros vengamos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0209-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dar", + "back": "do", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dé", + "back": "nosotros demos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estar", + "back": "ester", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo esté", + "back": "nosotros esteems", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "saber", + "back": "sé", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sepa", + "back": "nosotros spams", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "soy", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sea", + "back": "nosotros Seamus", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "haber", + "back": "he", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo haya", + "back": "nosotros haymow", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0210-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apagar", + "back": "apago", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo apague", + "back": "nosotros apaguemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "buscar", + "back": "Busch", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo busque", + "back": "nosotros busquemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comenzar", + "back": "comienzo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo comience", + "back": "nosotros comencemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "empezar", + "back": "empiezo", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo empiece", + "back": "nosotros empecemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "explicar", + "back": "explicit", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo explique", + "back": "nosotros expliquemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llegar", + "back": "Lego", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo llegue", + "back": "nosotros lleguemos", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tocar", + "back": "toco", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo toque", + "back": "nosotros toques", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0211-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él sabe", + "back": "= the main clause", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "que yo cocino bien.", + "back": "= the dependent clause", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.", + "back": "It is doubtful that I cook well", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es bueno (que)", + "back": "it is good (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es difícil (que)", + "back": "it is difficult (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es dudoso (que)", + "back": "it is doubtful (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es fácil (que)", + "back": "it is easy (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es imposible (que)", + "back": "it is impossible (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es importante (que)", + "back": "it is important (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es malo (que)", + "back": "it is bad (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es mejor (que)", + "back": "it is better (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es necesario (que)", + "back": "it is necessary (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es posible (que)", + "back": "it is possible (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es probable (que)", + "back": "it is probable (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es preciso (que)", + "back": "it is extremely necessary (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es una lástima (que)", + "back": "it is a pity (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es urgente (que)", + "back": "it is urgent (that)", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Es necesario que estudiemos", + "back": "It is necessary that we study for", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para el examen.", + "back": "the test.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0212-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", "back": "It is impossible that he is right.", @@ -4466,7 +12866,7 @@ }, { "front": "Es un lástima que Pedro no lo", - "back": "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", + "back": "It is a pity that Peter does't want", "chapter": 13, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", @@ -4528,6 +12928,70 @@ "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", "sourceImage": "f0213-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "preferir", + "back": "to prefer", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0214-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él sabe", + "back": "= the main clause", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0214-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quiero que él baile.", + "back": "I want him to dance.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Deseamos que ella esté bien.", + "back": "We want her to be well.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue", + "back": "She prefers that her son play", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo quiero cantar:", + "back": "I want to sing.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Deseamos descansar.", + "back": "We want to rest.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella prefiere dormir.", + "back": "She prefers to sleep", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0215-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿Estás triste de que no podamos", "back": "Are you sad that we cannot", @@ -4593,12 +13057,180 @@ "sourceImage": "f0217-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "manda descansar", - "back": "rest.", + "front": "José nos dice que el tren viene.", + "back": "Joe tells us that the train is", "chapter": 13, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", - "sourceImage": "f0217-01.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0217-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.", + "back": "She tells me that she likes to", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.", + "back": "I tell you to go to the doctor.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. me dice que yo me quede.", + "back": "You tell me to stay.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Les decimos que se acuesten", + "back": "We tell them to go to bed now", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.", + "back": "He tells us to be careful.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?", + "back": "Can you tell her to call me?", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0217-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dudar", + "back": "to doubt", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no creer", + "back": "not to believe", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.", + "back": "She doubts that I know how to", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La gente no cree que sea la verdad.", + "back": "The people don't believe that it", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No pensamos que Daniel nos invite", + "back": "We don't think that Daniel will", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a la fiesta.", + "back": "invite us to the party.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0217-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a pesar de que", + "back": "in spite of", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "antes de que", + "back": "before", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "después de que", + "back": "after", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en caso de que", + "back": "in case", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hasta que", + "back": "until", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para que", + "back": "in order that, so that", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sin que", + "back": "without", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", + "back": "She practices the piano before", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cantar.", + "back": "singing.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0220-02.jpg" }, { "front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", @@ -4736,6 +13368,94 @@ "section": "After cuando", "sourceImage": "f0221-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", + "back": "When are you going to be home!", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After cuando", + "sourceImage": "f0221-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", + "back": "When do you want to travel?", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After cuando", + "sourceImage": "f0221-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Por más que ella limpie, su", + "back": "No matter how much she cleans", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "casa está siempre desordenada.", + "back": "her house is always a mess.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Por mucho que él coma, no", + "back": "No matter how much he eats,", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "se engorda.", + "back": "he does't get fat.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0223-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", + "back": "Would to God that she has luck", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After ojalá", + "sourceImage": "f0223-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ojalá que Uds. reciban el", + "back": "I hope you receive the check.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After ojalá", + "sourceImage": "f0223-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ojalá que él se quede.", + "back": "Would to God that he stays.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After ojalá", + "sourceImage": "f0223-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", + "back": "Perhaps they will tell me the truth.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After acaso, quizás, and tal vez", + "sourceImage": "f0224-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", + "back": "Perhaps they will tell me lies.", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After acaso, quizás, and tal vez", + "sourceImage": "f0224-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ellas van a preparar la comida", "back": "They are going to prepare the meal", @@ -4752,6 +13472,14 @@ "section": "After como", "sourceImage": "f0224-04.jpg" }, + { + "front": "despedirse", + "back": "to take one's leave", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0231-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el abrazo", "back": "the embrace", @@ -4760,22 +13488,6 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el calor humano", - "back": "human warmth", - "chapter": 13, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el cariño", - "back": "affection", - "chapter": 13, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Reading Comprehension", - "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "la despedida", "back": "the farewell", @@ -4784,6 +13496,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el calor humano", + "back": "human warmth", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el fin", "back": "the end", @@ -4792,6 +13512,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el cariño", + "back": "affection", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la soledad", "back": "the solitude", @@ -4800,6 +13528,14 @@ "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0231-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "realmente", + "back": "actually", + "chapter": 13, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0231-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "lo antiguo", "back": "the ancient", @@ -4829,6 +13565,934 @@ { "chapter": 14, "cards": [ + { + "front": "yo ayudé", + "back": "nosotros ayudamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo canté", + "back": "nosotros cantamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú ayudaste", + "back": "vosotros ayudasteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cantaste", + "back": "vosotros cantasteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0235-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pensé", + "back": "nosotros pensamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo recordé", + "back": "nosotros recordamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pensaste", + "back": "vosotros pensasteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú recordaste", + "back": "vosotros recordasteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella pensó", + "back": "Ella's pension", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella recordó", + "back": "Ella's recordation", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo trabajé", + "back": "nosotros trabajamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viajé", + "back": "nosotros viajamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo comí", + "back": "nosotros comimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo entendí", + "back": "nosotros entendimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú comiste", + "back": "vosotros comisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú entendiste", + "back": "vosotros entendisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él comió", + "back": "Ellis come-on", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella entendió", + "back": "Ella's entendieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Regular -er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0236-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo descubrí", + "back": "nosotros descubrimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo salí", + "back": "nosotros salamis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú descubriste", + "back": "vosotros descubristeis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú saliste", + "back": "vosotros salisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0237-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo anduve", + "back": "nosotros anduvimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cupe", + "back": "nosotros cupids", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú anduviste", + "back": "vosotros anduvisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cupiste", + "back": "vosotros cupisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él anduvo", + "back": "Ellis anduvieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella cupo", + "back": "Ella's cupieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo estuve", + "back": "nosotros estuvimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo hice", + "back": "nosotros hicimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú estuviste", + "back": "vosotros estuvisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú hiciste", + "back": "vosotros hicisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. estuvo", + "back": "Us estuvieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él hizo", + "back": "Ellis hicieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pude", + "back": "nosotros pudimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo puse", + "back": "nosotros pusimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pudiste", + "back": "vosotros pudisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pusiste", + "back": "vosotros pusisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. pudo", + "back": "Us pudieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él puso", + "back": "Ellis positron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quise", + "back": "nosotros quisimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo supe", + "back": "nosotros supimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú quisiste", + "back": "vosotros quisistenis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú supiste", + "back": "vosotros supisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella quiso", + "back": "Ella's quisieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. supo", + "back": "Us supieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tuve", + "back": "nosotros tuvimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vine", + "back": "nosotros vinimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú tuviste", + "back": "vosotros tuvisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú viniste", + "back": "vosotros vinisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él tuvo", + "back": "Ellis tuvieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él vino", + "back": "Ellis vinieron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0240-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dije", + "back": "osotros dijimo", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo produje", + "back": "losotros produjimo", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú dijiste", + "back": "osotros dijistei:", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú produjiste", + "back": "osotros produjisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella dijo", + "back": "Ella's Dijon", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. produjo", + "back": "Us produjeron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo di", + "back": "nosotros demos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo fui", + "back": "nosotros fumes", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú diste", + "back": "vosotros disteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú fuiste", + "back": "vosotros fuisteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella dio", + "back": "Ella's Deron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. fue", + "back": "Us Faeroe", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella fue doctora.", + "back": "She was a doctor.", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella fue a la tienda.", + "back": "She went to the store", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0241-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "En mil novecientos ochenta,", + "back": "In 1980, Nestor was a musician", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0243-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nestor fue músico. Ahora él", + "back": "Now he is a teacher.", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0243-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "divertirse", + "back": "me divert", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me divertí", + "back": "nos divertimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mentir", + "back": "yo mento", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo mentí", + "back": "nosotros mentimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "preferir", + "back": "yo prefer", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo preferí", + "back": "nosotros preferimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sentirse", + "back": "me sent", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me sentí", + "back": "nos centimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sugerir", + "back": "yo sugiero", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sugerí", + "back": "nosotros sugerimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "corregir", + "back": "yo Corrine", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo corregí", + "back": "nosotros corregimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "despedirse", + "back": "me despite", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me despedí", + "back": "nos despedimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "yo pico", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pedí", + "back": "nosotros pedimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0246-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "repetir", + "back": "yo repot", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo repeti", + "back": "nosotros repetimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "seguir", + "back": "yo sign", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo seguí", + "back": "nosotros seguimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "servir", + "back": "yo servo", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo serví", + "back": "nosotros services", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vestirse", + "back": "me Vito", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me vestí", + "back": "nos vestiges", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "yo derma", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dormí", + "back": "nosotros dormimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "morir", + "back": "yo Munro", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo morí", + "back": "nosotros morimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0247-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apagar yo apagué", + "back": "nosotros apagamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0248-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú apagaste", + "back": "vosotros apagasteis", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0248-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él apagó", + "back": "Ellis apagaron", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0248-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "buscar", + "back": "yo busqué / nosotros buscamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comenzar", + "back": "yo comencé / nosotros comenzamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "explicar", + "back": "yo expliqué / nosotros explicamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "llegar", + "back": "yo llegué / nosotros llegamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tocar", + "back": "yo toqué / nosotros tocamos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0249-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caer", + "back": "yo caí / nosotros caímos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "leer", + "back": "yo leí / nosotros leímos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "construir", + "back": "yo construí / nosotros construimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "destruir", + "back": "yo destruí / nosotros destruimos", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "creer", + "back": "to believe", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "huir", + "back": "to flee", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "concluir", + "back": "to conclude", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "incluir", + "back": "to include", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contribuir", + "back": "to contribute", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "influir", + "back": "to influence", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "distribuir", + "back": "to distribute", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poseer", + "back": "to possess", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0251-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "La conocimos hace tres años.", "back": "a Paulina?", @@ -4837,6 +14501,46 @@ "section": "Verbs with Special Meanings in the Preterit", "sourceImage": "f0253-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "adivinar", + "back": "to guess", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "intentar", + "back": "to intend, to try", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "los acontecimientos", + "back": "the events", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el ciudadano", + "back": "the citizen", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la clave", + "back": "the key, the code", + "chapter": 14, + "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0255-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la corte", "back": "the court", @@ -4919,7 +14623,7 @@ }, { "front": "el veredicto", - "back": "the perdict", + "back": "the predict", "chapter": 14, "chapterTitle": "The Preterit Tense", "section": "Reading Comprehension", @@ -4931,16 +14635,32 @@ "chapter": 15, "cards": [ { - "front": "La casa era blanca.", - "back": "The house was white.", + "front": "tú ibas", + "back": "vosotros ibis", "chapter": 15, "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", - "section": "To Express a Description in the Past", - "sourceImage": "f0261-02.jpg" + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0259-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "La comida estaba buena.", - "back": "The meal was good.", + "front": "tú eras", + "back": "vosotros eras", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0259-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", + "back": "We were going to buy a new car", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0260-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La casa era blanca.", + "back": "The house was white.", "chapter": 15, "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", "section": "To Express a Description in the Past", @@ -4962,6 +14682,30 @@ "section": "To Express a Description in the Past", "sourceImage": "f0261-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "El hombre era de Perú.", + "back": "The man was from Peru.", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "To Express Point of Origin in the Past", + "sourceImage": "f0261-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Sus amigos eran de Chile.", + "back": "His friends were from Chile", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "To Express Point of Origin in the Past", + "sourceImage": "f0261-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.", + "back": "The red flowers were from", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "To Express Point of Origin in the Past", + "sourceImage": "f0261-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Eran las cinco y Federico iba", "back": "It was five o'clock and Fred was", @@ -5058,6 +14802,126 @@ "section": "To Express One’s Age in the Past", "sourceImage": "f0262-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Beatriz vino a verme.", + "back": "Él me dijo que Beatriz venía", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Beatriz came to see me.", + "back": "He told me that Beatriz was", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "when the dog barked?", + "back": "What were you saying to me", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "I called you?", + "back": "What were you buying when", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Preterit and Imperfect Compared", + "sourceImage": "f0265-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "le lo → se lo", + "back": "les lo → se lo", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "le la → se la", + "back": "les la → se la", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "le los → se los", + "back": "les los → se los", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "le las → se las", + "back": "les las → se las", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0273-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Se lo traigo.", + "back": "I bring it to you. (sing.)", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0274-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Se lo traigo a Ud.", + "back": "I bring it to you.", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0274-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Se lo traigo a ellas.", + "back": "I bring it to them", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Se lo / se la / se los / se las", + "sourceImage": "f0274-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "averiguar", + "back": "to check out, to verify", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "darse cuenta (de)", + "back": "to realize", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "he tenido", + "back": "I have had (present perfect tense)", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "valer", + "back": "to man", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0282-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "el arte", "back": "the art", @@ -5065,14 +14929,62 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", "section": "Reading Comprehension", "sourceImage": "f0283-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el arte español", + "back": "Spanish are", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0283-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "las bellas artes", + "back": "fine arts", + "chapter": 15, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Tense", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0283-02.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 16, "cards": [ + { + "front": "yo estoy", + "back": "1 am", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros estamos", + "back": "we are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú estás", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "vosotros estáis", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él está", "back": "he is", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", @@ -5081,6 +14993,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellos están", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella está", "back": "she is", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", @@ -5089,6 +15009,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellas están", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. está", "back": "you are", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", @@ -5097,12 +15025,44 @@ }, { "front": "Uds. están", - "back": "nosotros estamos", + "back": "you are", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", "section": "Estar (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0287-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Nosotros estamos en el tren.", + "back": "We are on the train.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La quinta avenida está en la", + "back": "Fifth Avenue is in the city.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Dónde están las pirámides de", + "back": "Where are the Mayan pyramids:", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Las mujeres están en la biblioteca.", + "back": "The women are in the library.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Estar (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0287-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "La comida está buena.", "back": "Are you angry?", @@ -5143,6 +15103,126 @@ "section": "Estar (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0288-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "allí, allá", + "back": "there", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Adverbs of Location", + "sourceImage": "f0289-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a la izquierda", + "back": "to the left", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Adverbs of Direction", + "sourceImage": "f0289-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "derecho, recto", + "back": "straight ahead", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Adverbs of Direction", + "sourceImage": "f0289-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lejos de", + "back": "far from", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Prepositions of Location", + "sourceImage": "f0290-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tras", + "back": "after (in a set of expressions)", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Prepositions of Location", + "sourceImage": "f0290-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú eres", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros sois", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él es", + "back": "he is", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos son", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella es", + "back": "she is", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas son", + "back": "they are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. es", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds. son", + "back": "you are", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Juan es bailarín.", + "back": "Juan is a dancer.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Juan es un buen bailarín.", + "back": "Juan is a good dancer", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0292-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Somos amigos.", "back": "We are friends.", @@ -5217,7 +15297,7 @@ }, { "front": "La muñeca es de la niña.", - "back": "The doll is the child's.", + "back": "It's the child's doll./", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", "section": "Ser (to be)", @@ -5225,14 +15305,6 @@ }, { "front": "Los amigos son de María.", - "back": "(The doll is of the child.)", - "chapter": 16, - "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", - "section": "Ser (to be)", - "sourceImage": "f0293-04.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "It's the child's doll./", "back": "They are Marias friends. /", "chapter": 16, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", @@ -5271,6 +15343,102 @@ "section": "Ser (to be)", "sourceImage": "f0294-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Es la una.", + "back": "It is one o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las dos.", + "back": "It is two o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las tres.", + "back": "It is three o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las cuatro.", + "back": "It is four o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las cinco.", + "back": "It is five o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las seis.", + "back": "It is six o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las siete.", + "back": "It is seven o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las ocho.", + "back": "It is eight o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las nueve.", + "back": "It is nine o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las diez.", + "back": "It is ten o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las once.", + "back": "It is eleven o'clock.", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son las doce.", + "back": "It is twelve o'clock", + "chapter": 16, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar and the Present Tense", + "section": "Ser (to be)", + "sourceImage": "f0295-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Es bueno.", "back": "It is good.", @@ -5516,6 +15684,78 @@ "section": "Ser and estar with Description in the Preterit", "sourceImage": "f0308-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "yo estaba", + "back": "nosotros estábamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú estabas", + "back": "vosotros estabais", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él estaba", + "back": "Ellis Esteban", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella estaba", + "back": "Ella's Esteban", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. estaba", + "back": "Us Esteban", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0309-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "•", + "back": "Changing mood or condition", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Por qué estaba triste la mujer?", + "back": "Why was the woman sad?", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los niños estaban alegres por", + "back": "The children were happy because", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no tener clases.", + "back": "of not having class.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Estar in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0310-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "La comida estaba buena.", "back": "The meal was good.", @@ -5549,12 +15789,836 @@ "sourceImage": "f0311-02.jpg" }, { - "front": "Éramos buenos amigos.", - "back": "We were good friends", + "front": "Fue bueno.", + "back": "It was good", "chapter": 17, "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", "section": "Preterit or Imperfect Determined by the Speaker", - "sourceImage": "f0311-02.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0311-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Era bueno.", + "back": "It was good", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Preterit or Imperfect Determined by the Speaker", + "sourceImage": "f0311-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo ayudé", + "back": "nosotros ayudamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo canté", + "back": "nosotros cantamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú ayudaste", + "back": "vosotros ayudasteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cantaste", + "back": "vosotros cantasteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. ayudó", + "back": "Us ayudaron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él cantó", + "back": "Ellis cantaron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pensé", + "back": "nosotros pensamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo recordé", + "back": "nosotros recordamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pensaste", + "back": "vosotros pensasteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú recordaste", + "back": "vosotros recordasteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella pensó", + "back": "Ella's pension", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella recordó", + "back": "Ella's recordation", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0313-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo comí", + "back": "nosotros comimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo entendí", + "back": "nosotros entendimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú comiste", + "back": "vosotros comisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú entendiste", + "back": "vosotros entendisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él comió", + "back": "Ellis come-on", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella entendió", + "back": "Ella's entendieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0314-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo salí", + "back": "nosotros salamis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0315-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú saliste", + "back": "vosotros salisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0315-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella clo", + "back": "Ella's salieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0315-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo menti", + "back": "nosotros mentimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pedí", + "back": "nosotros pedimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú mentiste", + "back": "vosotros mentisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pediste", + "back": "vosotros pedisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. mintió", + "back": "Us mintier on", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él pidió", + "back": "Ellis pidieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs with Stem Changes in the Third Person", + "sourceImage": "f0315-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo anduve", + "back": "nosotros anduvimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cupe", + "back": "nosotros cupids", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú anduviste", + "back": "vosotros anduvisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cupiste", + "back": "vosotros cupisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él anduvo", + "back": "Ellis anduvieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella cupo", + "back": "Ella's cupieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0315-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo estuve", + "back": "nosotros estuvimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo hice", + "back": "nosotros hicimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú estuviste", + "back": "vosotros estuvisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú hiciste", + "back": "vosotros hicisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. estuvo", + "back": "Us estuvieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él hizo", + "back": "Ellis hicieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pude", + "back": "nosotros pudimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo puse", + "back": "nosotros pusimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pudiste", + "back": "vosotros pudisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pusiste", + "back": "vosotros pusisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. pudo", + "back": "Us pudieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él puso", + "back": "Ellis positron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quise", + "back": "nosotros quisimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo supe", + "back": "nosotros supimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú quisiste", + "back": "vosotros quisistenis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú supiste", + "back": "vosotros supisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella quiso", + "back": "Ella's quisieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. supo", + "back": "Us supieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tuve", + "back": "nosotros tuvimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vine", + "back": "nosotros vinimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú tuviste", + "back": "vosotros tuvisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú viniste", + "back": "vosotros vinisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "é tuvo", + "back": "Ellis tuvieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él vino", + "back": "Ellis vinieron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dije", + "back": "nosotros dijimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo produje", + "back": "nosotros produjimos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú dijiste", + "back": "vosotros dijisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú produjiste", + "back": "vosotros produjisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella dijo", + "back": "Ella's Dijon", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. produjo", + "back": "Us produjeron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo di", + "back": "nosotros demos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo fui", + "back": "nosotros fumes", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú diste", + "back": "vosotros disteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú fuiste", + "back": "vosotros fuisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella di", + "back": "Ella's Deron", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud fue", + "back": "Us Faeroe", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0316-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo fui", + "back": "nosotros fumes", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0317-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú fuiste", + "back": "vosotros fuisteis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0317-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "e fue", + "back": "Ellis Faeroe", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0317-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo daba", + "back": "nosotros dábamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú dabas", + "back": "vosotros dabais", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella daba", + "back": "Ella's Dayan", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo trabajaba", + "back": "nosotros trabajábamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú trabajabas", + "back": "vosotros trabajabais", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. trabajaba", + "back": "Us trabajaban", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Regular -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0317-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "&l decia", + "back": "Ellis Declan", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0318-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "é venia", + "back": "Ellis venial", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0319-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo iba", + "back": "nosotros íbamos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo era", + "back": "nosotros éramos", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú ibas", + "back": "vosotros ibis", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú eras", + "back": "vosotros eras", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él iba", + "back": "Ellis Ian", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella era", + "back": "Ella's earn", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo iba a hablar.", + "back": "I was going to speak.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nosotros íbamos a comprar", + "back": "We were going to buy a car", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0319-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me levantaba tarde.", + "back": "Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "I used to get up late.", + "back": "I got up at six o'clock this morning", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "veranos.", + "back": "Fumes a la playa hoy. Ibamos a la playa todos los", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "summer.", + "back": "We went to the beach today. We used to go the beach every", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "on Mondays.", + "back": "Edward always did his homework", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "I called you?", + "back": "What were you buying when What did you buy yesterday?", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "day.", + "back": "We used to walk to the park every", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Recibimos un cheque esta tarde. Recibíamos cheques cada semana.", + "back": "week.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "We used to receive checks every", + "back": "We received a check this morning.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "He didn't have time to see her.", + "back": "She had an operation last night.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ocho.", + "back": "Anoche, ella durmió hasta las", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ơ'clock.", + "back": "Last night, she slept until eight", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No la conociamos bien", + "back": "Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "We didt know her well.", + "back": "We met Sylvia in Colombia.", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect", + "sourceImage": "f0320-01.jpg" }, { "front": "adquirir", @@ -5651,6 +16715,46 @@ "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0322-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacia", + "back": "toward", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Preposición", + "sourceImage": "f0323-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fiel", + "back": "faithful", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0323-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "juntos", + "back": "together", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0323-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al + infinitive", + "back": "upon (doing something)", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0323-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al apartarse", + "back": "upon separating", + "chapter": 17, + "chapterTitle": "Ser and Estar in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0323-03.jpg" } ] }, @@ -5658,20 +16762,644 @@ "chapter": 18, "cards": [ { - "front": "No estamos hablando.", - "back": "We are not talking", + "front": "Ella canta una canción triste.", + "back": "She sings a sad song.", "chapter": 18, "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", - "section": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", - "sourceImage": "f0329-03.jpg" + "section": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0324-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "No está lloviendo.", - "back": "It is not raining", + "front": "abrazar", + "back": "abrazando / embracing", "chapter": 18, "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", - "section": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", - "sourceImage": "f0329-03.jpg" + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "adivinar", + "back": "adivinando / guessing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "alquilar", + "back": "alquilando / renting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "arreglar", + "back": "arreglando / arranging, repairing, fixing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "arriesgar", + "back": "arriesgando / risking", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bajar", + "back": "bajando / descending, going down", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comenzar", + "back": "comenzando / beginning", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "entregar", + "back": "entregando / delivering, handing in", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esperar", + "back": "Esperanto / waiting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "fregar", + "back": "fregando / scrubbing, washing dishes", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "jugar", + "back": "jugando / playing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mostrar", + "back": "mostrando / showing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pensar", + "back": "pensando / thinking", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "probar", + "back": "probando / testing, proving", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recordar", + "back": "recordando / remembering", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sacar", + "back": "sacando / taking out, getting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sonar", + "back": "soñando / dreaming", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "temblar", + "back": "temblando / trembling", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "volar", + "back": "Rolando / flying", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0325-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "abrir", + "back": "abriendo / opening", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "compartir", + "back": "compartiendo / sharing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decidir", + "back": "decidiendo / deciding", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escribir", + "back": "escribiendo / writing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "insistir", + "back": "insistiendo / insisting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recibir", + "back": "recibiendo / receiving", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "subir", + "back": "subtend / ascending, going up", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sufrir", + "back": "sufriendo / suffering", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "atraer", + "back": "atrayendo / attracting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caer", + "back": "cayendo / falling", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0326-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "leer", + "back": "legend / reading", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poseer", + "back": "poseyendo / possessing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "derma", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "durmiendo", + "back": "sleeping", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "morir", + "back": "Munro", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "muriendo", + "back": "dying", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Infinitive", + "back": "e > ie", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "e > i", + "back": "English", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "advertir", + "back": "advert", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "advirtiendo", + "back": "warning", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hervir", + "back": "hiervo", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hirviendo", + "back": "boiling", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mentir", + "back": "mento", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mintiendo", + "back": "lying", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "preferir", + "back": "prefer", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "prefiriendo", + "back": "preferring", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "referir", + "back": "reefier", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "refiriendo", + "back": "referring", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sentir", + "back": "sent", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sintiendo", + "back": "regretting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sugerir", + "back": "sugiero", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sugiriendo", + "back": "suggesting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0327-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Infinitive", + "back": "e > i", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "e > i", + "back": "English", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bendecir", + "back": "bendigo", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bendiciendo", + "back": "blessing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "competir", + "back": "compete", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "compitiendo", + "back": "competing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conseguir", + "back": "consign", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "consiguiendo", + "back": "obtaining", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "corregir", + "back": "Corrine", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "corrigiendo", + "back": "correcting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "dig", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "diciendo", + "back": "saying, telling", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "elegir", + "back": "Eli", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "eligiendo", + "back": "electing", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "friendo", + "back": "frying", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gemir", + "back": "gizmo", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "gimiendo", + "back": "groaning", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "medir", + "back": "miso", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "midiendo", + "back": "measuring", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "pico", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pidiendo", + "back": "requesting", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "repetir", + "back": "repot", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "repitiendo", + "back": "repeating", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "seguir", + "back": "sign", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "siguiendo", + "back": "following", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "servir", + "back": "servo", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sirviendo", + "back": "serving", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sonriendo", + "back": "smiling", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "The Gerund of Irregular -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0328-01.jpg" }, { "front": "No estoy mintiendo.", @@ -5681,6 +17409,358 @@ "section": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", "sourceImage": "f0329-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Estoy cantando en este momento.", + "back": "1 am singing right now. (at this", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0330-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Voy a cantar el viernes que viene.", + "back": "I am going to sing next Friday.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Use of the Present Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0330-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Subject", + "back": "Direct Object", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Indirect Object", + "back": "Reflexive", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Pronoun", + "back": "Pronoun", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Pronoun", + "back": "Pronoun", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo", + "back": "me", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me", + "back": "me", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú", + "back": "the", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te", + "back": "the", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella", + "back": "la", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "le", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros", + "back": "nos", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nos", + "back": "nos", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vosotros", + "back": "OS", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "os", + "back": "OS", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos", + "back": "los", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "les", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellas", + "back": "las", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "les", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Uds.", + "back": "los/las/les", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "les", + "back": "se", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La ayudo.", + "back": "I help you. (female)", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Lo ayudo.", + "back": "I help you. (male)", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Le ayudo.", + "back": "I help you. (either male or female)", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0332-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Qué me estás diciendo?", + "back": "What are you saying to me:", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0333-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Qué estás diciéndome?", + "back": "What are you saying to me:", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Direct Object Pronouns, Indirect Object Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0333-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me lo, me la", + "back": "it to me", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me los, me las", + "back": "them to me", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te lo, te la", + "back": "it to you", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "te los, te las", + "back": "them to you", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "se lo, se la", + "back": "it to him, it to her, it to you, it to them", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "se los, se las", + "back": "them to him, them to her, them to you, them to them", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nos lo, nos la", + "back": "it to us", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nos los, nos las", + "back": "them to us", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "os lo, os la", + "back": "it to you", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "os los, os las", + "back": "them to you", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Estoy lavándome las manos.", + "back": "I am washing my hands.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Estoy lavándomelas.", + "back": "I am washing them.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me las estoy lavando.", + "back": "I am washing them.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La mujer está peinándose", + "back": "The woman is combing her", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el cabello rubio.", + "back": "blond hair.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Se lo está peinando.", + "back": "She is combing it.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Está peinándoselo.", + "back": "She is combing it.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Order of Double Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0334-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Los músicos siguen tocando", "back": "The gerund with seguir expresses to keep/continue (doing something)", @@ -5691,7 +17771,7 @@ }, { "front": "La estudiante va aprendiendo", - "back": "The gerund with ir expresses gradually, little by little.", + "back": "The gerund with it expresses gradually, little by little.", "chapter": 18, "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", "section": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar", @@ -5731,11 +17811,43 @@ }, { "front": "Puedo pasar el día mirando", - "back": "a la gente.", + "back": "I can pass the day looking at the", "chapter": 18, "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", "section": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar", "sourceImage": "f0337-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "a la gente.", + "back": "people.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar", + "sourceImage": "f0337-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los ladrones salieron corriendo.", + "back": "The thieves left running.", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than estar", + "sourceImage": "f0337-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el fanático", + "back": "the fan", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0341-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hora tras hora", + "back": "hour after hour", + "chapter": 18, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Progressive Tense", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0341-03.jpg" } ] }, @@ -5792,17 +17904,569 @@ }, { "front": "La abuela fue poniéndose vieja.", - "back": "A Guillermo le gusta leer;", + "back": "A Guillermo le gusto leer;", "chapter": 19, "chapterTitle": "The Past Progressive Tenses", "section": "Uses of the Preterit Progressive Tense", "sourceImage": "f0346-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "de repente", + "back": "suddenly", + "chapter": 19, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Progressive Tenses", + "section": "Reading Comprehension", + "sourceImage": "f0353-01.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 20, "cards": [ + { + "front": "bailar", + "back": "bail", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo baile", + "back": "nosotros baileys", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cantar", + "back": "canto", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cante", + "back": "nosotros cantemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerrar", + "back": "Cierra", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cierre", + "back": "nosotros cerremos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pensar", + "back": "pienso", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo piense", + "back": "nosotros pensemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recordar", + "back": "recuerdo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo recuerde", + "back": "nosotros recorders", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0355-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comer", + "back": "come", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo coma", + "back": "nosotros commas", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "querer", + "back": "quire", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quiera", + "back": "nosotros queramos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poder", + "back": "pied", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pueda", + "back": "nosotros podamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ver", + "back": "ver", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vea", + "back": "nosotros vamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vivir", + "back": "vivo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viva", + "back": "nosotros vivamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mentir", + "back": "mento", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo mienta", + "back": "nosotros mintamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "pico", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pida", + "back": "nosotros pidamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "derma", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo duerma", + "back": "nosotros durmamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0356-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conocer", + "back": "conozco", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo conozca", + "back": "nosotros conozcamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "dig", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo diga", + "back": "nosotros digamous", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "hago", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo haga", + "back": "nosotros hagamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "Congo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo ponga", + "back": "nosotros pongamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "salir", + "back": "salvo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo salga", + "back": "nosotros salamis", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "tango", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tenga", + "back": "nosotros tengamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "traer", + "back": "traigo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo traiga", + "back": "nosotros traigamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "venir", + "back": "vent", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo venga", + "back": "nosotros vengamos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0357-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conducir", + "back": "to drive", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0358-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "introducir", + "back": "to insert", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0358-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "producir", + "back": "to produce", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0358-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "reducir", + "back": "to reduce", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0359-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "traducir", + "back": "to translate", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0359-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Te presento a mi familia.", + "back": "I introduce you to my family", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular -er and -ir Verbs with -g- or -zc- in the yo Form", + "sourceImage": "f0359-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dar", + "back": "do", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dé", + "back": "nosotros demos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estar", + "back": "ester", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo esté", + "back": "nosotros esteems", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "soy", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo sea", + "back": "nosotros Seamus", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "haber", + "back": "he", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo haya", + "back": "nosotros haymow", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0359-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "buscar", + "back": "Busch", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo busque", + "back": "nosotros busquemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "explicar", + "back": "explicit", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo explique", + "back": "nosotros expliquemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tocar", + "back": "toco", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo toque", + "back": "nosotros toques", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apagar", + "back": "apago", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo apague", + "back": "nosotros apaguemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comenzar", + "back": "comienzo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo comience", + "back": "nosotros comencemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "empezar", + "back": "empiezo", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo empiece", + "back": "nosotros empecemos", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbs with Orthographic Changes", + "sourceImage": "f0360-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Él sabe", "back": "THE MAIN CLAUSE", @@ -5957,7 +18621,7 @@ }, { "front": "Es imposible que él tenga razón.", - "back": "It is imposible that he is right.", + "back": "It is impossible that he is right.", "chapter": 20, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", @@ -6013,7 +18677,7 @@ }, { "front": "Es una lástima que Pedro no lo", - "back": "It is a pity that Peter doesn't want", + "back": "It is a pity that Peter does't want", "chapter": 20, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", @@ -6060,16 +18724,24 @@ "sourceImage": "f0362-03.jpg" }, { - "front": "Él sabe", - "back": "THE MAIN CLAUSE", + "front": "desear", + "back": "to desire", "chapter": 20, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", - "sourceImage": "f0364-01.jpg" + "sourceImage": "f0363-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "que yo canto", - "back": "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", + "front": "preferir", + "back": "to prefer", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0363-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE", + "back": "qua yo canto", "chapter": 20, "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", @@ -6107,6 +18779,102 @@ "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", "sourceImage": "f0364-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Deseamos descansar.", + "back": "We want to rest.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0364-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella prefiere dormir.", + "back": "She prefers to sleep", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0364-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo quiero cantar.", + "back": "I want to sing.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Wishes or Preferences", + "sourceImage": "f0364-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me alegro de estar aquí.", + "back": "1 am glad to be here.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", + "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él espera salir dentro de una hora.", + "back": "He hopes to leave within the hour", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", + "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me gusta ir al cine.", + "back": "I like to go to the movies.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", + "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella tiene miedo de volar.", + "back": "She is afraid of flying.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Hope, Happiness, Sadness, or Regret", + "sourceImage": "f0365-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El capitán les manda que los", + "back": "The captain orders the soldiers", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0366-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "soldados descansen.", + "back": "to rest.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0366-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Les manda descansar.", + "back": "He orders them to rest.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Orders, Requests, or Advice", + "sourceImage": "f0366-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dudar", + "back": "to doubt", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0367-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no creer", + "back": "not to believe", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", + "sourceImage": "f0367-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella duda que yo sepa tocar", "back": "She doubts that I know how", @@ -6155,6 +18923,70 @@ "section": "Expressing Doubt or Uncertainty", "sourceImage": "f0367-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "a pesar de que", + "back": "in spite of", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "antes de que", + "back": "before", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "después de que", + "back": "after", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en caso de que", + "back": "in case", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0369-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "para que", + "back": "in order that, so that", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sin que", + "back": "without", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", + "back": "She practices the piano before", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cantar.", + "back": "singing.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella practica el piano antes de", "back": "She practices the piano before", @@ -6171,6 +19003,38 @@ "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", "sourceImage": "f0370-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Después de trabajar, ella", + "back": "After working, she rests.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él habla sin pensar:", + "back": "He speaks without thinking.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "luego que", + "back": "as soon as", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-06.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tan pronto como", + "back": "as soon as", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Conjunctions", + "sourceImage": "f0370-06.jpg" + }, { "front": "Vamos a bailar a menos que", "back": "We are going to dance unless", @@ -6251,6 +19115,94 @@ "section": "After cuando", "sourceImage": "f0371-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?", + "back": "When are you going to be home!", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After cuando", + "sourceImage": "f0371-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?", + "back": "When do you want to travel?", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After cuando", + "sourceImage": "f0371-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Por más que ella limpie, su casa", + "back": "No matter how much she cleans", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "está siempre desordenada.", + "back": "her house is always a mess.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Por mucho que él coma, no se", + "back": "No matter how much he eats,", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "engorda.", + "back": "he does't get fat.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After the Expressions por más que and por mucho que", + "sourceImage": "f0373-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.", + "back": "Would to God that she has luck", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After ojalá", + "sourceImage": "f0373-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ojalá que él se quede.", + "back": "May God grant that he stay.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After ojalá", + "sourceImage": "f0373-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Acaso él me visite mañana.", + "back": "Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After acaso, quizás, or tal vez", + "sourceImage": "f0373-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.", + "back": "Perhaps they will tell me the truth", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After acaso, quizás, or tal vez", + "sourceImage": "f0373-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tal vez me digan mentiras.", + "back": "Perhaps they will tell me lies.", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "After acaso, quizás, or tal vez", + "sourceImage": "f0373-04.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ellas van a preparar la comida", "back": "They are going to prepare the meal", @@ -6275,30 +19227,6 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" }, - { - "front": "la acusación", - "back": "the accusation", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la asamblea", - "back": "the assembly", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el ciudadano", - "back": "the citizen", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" - }, { "front": "la clave", "back": "the key, the code", @@ -6307,6 +19235,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la acusación", + "back": "the accusation", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la corte", "back": "the court", @@ -6315,6 +19251,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la asamblea", + "back": "the assembly", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la cuestión", "back": "the issue", @@ -6323,6 +19267,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el ciudadano", + "back": "the citizen", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0379-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la defensa", "back": "the defense", @@ -6339,54 +19291,6 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "el diálogo", - "back": "the dialogue", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el dios de Delfos", - "back": "the god of Delphi", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la escena", - "back": "the scene", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "la investigación", - "back": "the investigation", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el/la juez.", - "back": "the judge", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "el juicio", - "back": "the judgment", - "chapter": 20, - "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", - "section": "Nombres", - "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "el personaje", "back": "the character", @@ -6395,6 +19299,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el diálogo", + "back": "the dialogue", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el político", "back": "the politician", @@ -6403,6 +19315,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el dios de Delfos", + "back": "the god of Delphi", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el prejuicio", "back": "the prejudice", @@ -6411,6 +19331,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la escena", + "back": "the scene", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "la sabiduría", "back": "the knowledge", @@ -6419,6 +19347,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "la investigación", + "back": "the investigation", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el/la testigo", "back": "the witness", @@ -6427,6 +19363,14 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "el/la juez.", + "back": "the judge", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el veredicto", "back": "the verdict", @@ -6434,12 +19378,588 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0380-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "culpable", + "back": "guilty", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sabio", + "back": "wise, clever", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "justo", + "back": "fair, just", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sagaz.", + "back": "wise", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "principal", + "back": "main, principal", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "siguiente", + "back": "following", + "chapter": 20, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0380-02.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 21, "cards": [ + { + "front": "REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", + "back": "Bail Canta. / Dance. Sing.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0382-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", + "back": "Empieza. Piensa. / Begin. Think", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0382-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "REGULAR IN THE PRESENT", + "back": "Come. Bebe. / Eat. Drink.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0382-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT", + "back": "Duerme. Sonríe. / Sleep. Smile.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0382-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Infinitive", + "back": "tú Command / English", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "do / say", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "haz / do", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ir", + "back": "vet / go", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "pin / put", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "salir", + "back": "sal / leave", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "sé / be", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "ten / have", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "venir", + "back": "even / Cam.p", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0382-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Escribe la carta.", + "back": "Write the letter.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Escríbeme la carta.", + "back": "Write the letter to me", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Escríbemela.", + "back": "Write it to me.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Enseña la lección.", + "back": "Teach the lesson.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Enséñanos la lección.", + "back": "Teach us the lesson.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Rnsenanosla.", + "back": "Teach it to us.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Affirmative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0384-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No grites.", + "back": "Don't yell.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No fumes en mi casa, por favor:", + "back": "Don't smoke in my house, please", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No juegues con fósforos.", + "back": "Don't play with matches.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No toques el enchufe.", + "back": "Don't touch the light socket.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0386-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No te enfades.", + "back": "Don't get angry", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No te vayas.", + "back": "Don't go.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No te quejes.", + "back": "Don't complain", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No te asustes.", + "back": "Don't be afraid.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with Negative tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cantar", + "back": "canna / no Cannes", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "beber", + "back": "bebe / no betas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "do / no Degas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "haz / no Hagar", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ir", + "back": "vet / no Mayas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "pin / no pong's", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "salir", + "back": "sal / no sagas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "sé / no seas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "ten / no tongas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "venir", + "back": "even / no Vegas", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular tú Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0388-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Compren la casa.", + "back": "Buy the house.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0392-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Caminen Uds.", + "back": "Walk", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0392-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Repitan la frase, por favor:", + "back": "Repeat the sentence, please", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0392-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Lean el periódico.", + "back": "Read the newspaper.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0392-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No se preocupen.", + "back": "Don't worry.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Negative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0393-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No se vayan.", + "back": "Don't go.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Negative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0393-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No se rían.", + "back": "Don't laugh.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Negative Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0393-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud.", + "back": "Us", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud.", + "back": "Us", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caminar", + "back": "canine canine", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no camine", + "back": "no canine", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comer", + "back": "coma common", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no coma", + "back": "no common", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escribir", + "back": "ascribe escriban", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no escriba", + "back": "no escriban", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Regular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud.", + "back": "Us", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud.", + "back": "Us", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dar", + "back": "dé den", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no dé", + "back": "no den", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estar", + "back": "esté estén", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "saber", + "back": "sept Sean", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no sepa", + "back": "no Sean", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "sea seen", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no sea", + "back": "no seen", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ir", + "back": "vaya Mayan", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "no vaya", + "back": "no Mayan", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0394-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Favor de abrir la ventana.", + "back": "Please open the window", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0394-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Favor de sentarse al frente.", + "back": "Please sit in front.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0394-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Favor de esperarnos.", + "back": "Please wait for us.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0394-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿Tiene Ud. la bondad de", "back": "Will you be kind enough", @@ -6488,6 +20008,238 @@ "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", "sourceImage": "f0394-04.jpg" }, + { + "front": "¿Puede Ud. cerrar la ventana?", + "back": "Can you close the window!", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?", + "back": "Can you help me, please?", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Me ayudas, por favor?", + "back": "Will you help me, please?", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Nos acompaña Ud. al tren?", + "back": "Will you accompany us to the", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Me prestas tu carro?", + "back": "Will you lend me your car?", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Nos da dinero?", + "back": "Will you give us money?", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Nos llevan Uds. al hotel?", + "back": "Will you take us to the hotel?", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things", + "sourceImage": "f0395-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el ayuntamiento", + "back": "town hall", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0398-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la colina", + "back": "the hill", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0398-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "la pista", + "back": "the trail", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0398-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sudado", + "back": "sweaty", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Adjetivo", + "sourceImage": "f0398-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recto", + "back": "straight ahead", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Direcciones", + "sourceImage": "f0398-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Cantemos. Bailemos.", + "back": "Let's sing. Let's dance", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Esperemos un momento.", + "back": "Let's wait a moment.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tomemos un café.", + "back": "Let's have coffee.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Empecemos la lección.", + "back": "Let's begin the lesson.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0399-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Abramos el libro.", + "back": "Let's open the book.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0399-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Vamos al cine. No vayamos", + "back": "Let's go to the movies. Let's not go", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "-Er and -ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0400-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Mirad. Escuchad. Caminad.", + "back": "Look. Listen. Walk.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Bebed. Comed. Tened cuidado.", + "back": "Drink. Eat. Be careful", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Leed el libro. Leedlo.", + "back": "Read the book. Read it.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Cerrad la puerta. Cerradla.", + "back": "Close the door. Close it.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Abrid la ventana. Abridla.", + "back": "Open the window. Open it", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Desayunaos. Bañaos.", + "back": "Have breakfast. Bathe.", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Poneos la chaqueta. Ponéosla.", + "back": "Put on your jacket. Put it on", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Divertíos en vuestras vacaciones.", + "back": "Have a good time on your", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Affirmative vosotros Commands", + "sourceImage": "f0402-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esconderse", + "back": "to hide", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0406-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "murmurar", + "back": "to mumble, to whisper", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0406-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser listo", + "back": "to be clever (Estar list means to be ready.)", + "chapter": 21, + "chapterTitle": "Commands", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0406-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el disfraz.", "back": "the disguise", @@ -6501,6 +20253,118 @@ { "chapter": 22, "cards": [ + { + "front": "Escuchamos música.", + "back": "We listen to music.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nouns and Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Escuchamos la música clásica.", + "back": "We listen to the classical music", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nouns and Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El hombre enfermo toma", + "back": "The sick man takes medicine.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nouns and Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Él toma la medicina que", + "back": "He takes the medicine that the", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nouns and Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el doctor le dio.", + "back": "doctor gave to him.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nouns and Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0409-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella salió el martes.", + "back": "She left on Tuesday.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0410-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ramón va a volver el sábado.", + "back": "Ramón is going to return on", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0410-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tenemos clase los jueves.", + "back": "We have class on Thursdays", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0410-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hoy es miércoles.", + "back": "Today is Wednesday.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0410-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Qué día es? Hoy es viernes.", + "back": "What day is it? Today is Friday", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0410-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me gustan los vegetales.", + "back": "Vegetables are pleasing to me.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A Paula le encanta el cine.", + "back": "Movies are very pleasing to Paula", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "A Fernando y a sus amigos les", + "back": "The truth is important to", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "importa la verdad.", + "back": "Fernando and his friends.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0411-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella habla español, pero no", "back": "She speaks Spanish, but she", @@ -6511,7 +20375,7 @@ }, { "front": "habla inglés.", - "back": "doesn't speak English.", + "back": "does't speak English.", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", @@ -6573,6 +20437,142 @@ "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", "sourceImage": "f0411-04.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Los cigarrillos son malos.", + "back": "Cigarettes are bad", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El agua es buena.", + "back": "Water is good.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La sinceridad es importante.", + "back": "Sincerity is important", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La honestidad es rara.", + "back": "Honesty is rare.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los delfines son inteligentes.", + "back": "Dolphins are intelligent.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Las computadoras son necesarias.", + "back": "Computers are necessary", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los bebés duermen mucho.", + "back": "Babies sleep a lot.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El señor Muñoz está aquí.", + "back": "Mr. Muñoz is here.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La profesora Hernández llegó", + "back": "Professor Hernández arrived", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "La señorita López cantó anoche.", + "back": "Ms. López sang last night.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hola, señorita López.", + "back": "Hello, Ms. López.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0412-06.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Carlos V (quinto)", + "back": "Carlos the fifth", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Louis XIV (catorce)", + "back": "Louis the fourteenth", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Cervantes, escritor, era de", + "back": "Cervantes, the writer, was from", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "España.", + "back": "Spain.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hugo Chávez, presidente de", + "back": "Hugo Chávez, president of", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Venezuela, fue elegido en 2000.", + "back": "Venezuela, was elected in 2000", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Inclusion and Omission of Articles", + "sourceImage": "f0413-05.jpg" + }, { "front": "Bogotá, capital of Colombia,", "back": "to dance in Moscow.", @@ -6613,6 +20613,38 @@ "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", "sourceImage": "f0415-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Su hermano tiene varias casas.", + "back": "Your brother has several houses", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0415-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Sus amigos lo visitan.", + "back": "His friends visit him.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0415-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "El hermano de Ud. tiene varias", + "back": "Your brother has several houses", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0415-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los amigos de él lo visitan.", + "back": "His friends visit him.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0415-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Nuestro abuelo es viejo.", "back": "Our grandfather is old.", @@ -6653,25 +20685,9 @@ "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg" }, - { - "front": "dinero.", - "back": "Your niece lives in Portugal.", - "chapter": 22, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", - "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", - "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg" - }, { "front": "Vuestra sobrina vive en Portugal.", - "back": "Your uncles and aunts live in", - "chapter": 22, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", - "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", - "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "Vuestros tíos viven en España.", - "back": "Spain.", + "back": "Your niece lives in Portugal.", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", @@ -6693,6 +20709,38 @@ "section": "Short-Form Possessive Adjectives", "sourceImage": "f0415-05.jpg" }, + { + "front": "No me gusta mi apartamento.", + "back": "I don't like my apartment.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Prefiero el apartamento tuyo.", + "back": "I prefer your apartment.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Mis plumas no tienen tinta.", + "back": "My pens have no ink.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Me puedes prestar las plumas", + "back": "Can you lend me your Pepsi", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", + "sourceImage": "f0417-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Sara y José escriben cuentos.", "back": "A Ana le agrada David.", @@ -6703,7 +20751,7 @@ }, { "front": "Los artículos de ella son", - "back": "Ana es una amiga suya.", + "back": "Ana es Ana amiga soya", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", @@ -6719,7 +20767,7 @@ }, { "front": "suyos son interesantes.", - "back": "David es un amigo suyo.", + "back": "David es un amigo sumo", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Long-Form Possessive Adjectives", @@ -6837,6 +20885,38 @@ "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", "sourceImage": "f0419-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "No tengo una pluma. ¿Puedo", + "back": "I don't have a pen. May I use", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "usar la tuya?", + "back": "yours?", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Dejé mis libros en la oficina.", + "back": "I left my books in the office.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Me puedes prestar los tuyos?", + "back": "Can you lend me yours?", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0420-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Mi tren llega de Barcelona", "back": "My train arrives from Barcelona", @@ -6861,14 +20941,6 @@ "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", "sourceImage": "f0420-04.jpg" }, - { - "front": "Mis revistas están encima", - "back": "My magazines are on top", - "chapter": 22, - "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", - "section": "Formation and Uses of Possessive Pronouns", - "sourceImage": "f0421-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "del piano.", "back": "of the piano.", @@ -6933,6 +21005,38 @@ "section": "Omission of the Article Following ser with Possessive Pronouns", "sourceImage": "f0421-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Este hombre, que habla mucho,", + "back": "This man, who talks a lot,", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Que", + "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "es mi amigo.", + "back": "is my friend.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Que", + "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Tengo la información que", + "back": "I have the information that", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Que", + "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "necesitas.", + "back": "you need.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Que", + "sourceImage": "f0423-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "El edificio en que vivo es viejo.", "back": "The building in which I live is old", @@ -6973,6 +21077,30 @@ "section": "Que", "sourceImage": "f0423-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Es ella quien canta bien.", + "back": "It is she who sings well", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Quien", + "sourceImage": "f0423-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Son ellos quienes bailan.", + "back": "It is they who dance.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Quien", + "sourceImage": "f0423-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Soy yo quien escribe.", + "back": "It is I who is writing.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Quien", + "sourceImage": "f0423-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ella es la mujer con quien", "back": "She is the woman with whom", @@ -7007,14 +21135,14 @@ }, { "front": "Los estudiantes a quienes vi", - "back": "The students whom I sau", + "back": "The students whom I say", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Quien", "sourceImage": "f0424-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "aver no están aquí hoy.", + "front": "ave no están aquí hoy.", "back": "yesterday are not here today.", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", @@ -7085,6 +21213,22 @@ "section": "Lo que", "sourceImage": "f0424-03.jpg" }, + { + "front": "El día de tu cumpleaños, puedes", + "back": "On your birthday, you can do", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Lo que", + "sourceImage": "f0425-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer lo que quieras.", + "back": "whatever you want.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Lo que", + "sourceImage": "f0425-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Mi hermana, la que es baja,", "back": "My sister, who is short, bought", @@ -7150,24 +21294,136 @@ "sourceImage": "f0426-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "a comprar ése.", - "back": "We like this car, but we are going", + "front": "NEAR THE SPEAKER", + "back": "éste", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "Ésa es alta y delgada; ésta es", - "back": "The former is tall and thin;", + "front": "ésta", + "back": "this one", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "NEAR THE LISTENER", + "back": "ése", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ésa", + "back": "that one", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "FAR FROM BOTH", + "back": "aquél", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aquélla", + "back": "that one (over there)", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "SPEAKER AND LISTENER", + "back": "aquéllos", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aquéllas", + "back": "those (over there)", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esto", + "back": "this", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aquello", + "back": "that (farther away in place or time)", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¡Eso es imposible!", + "back": "That is impossible!", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Aquello me molesta.", + "back": "That annoys me.", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Demonstrative Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0429-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lo antes posible", + "back": "as soon as possible", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Expressions with lo", + "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lo más posible", + "back": "the most possible", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Expressions with lo", + "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lo más pronto posible", + "back": "the fastest possible", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Expressions with lo", + "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lo menos posible", + "back": "the least possible", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Expressions with lo", + "sourceImage": "f0431-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "Me gusta la camisa azul.", - "back": "A Paula le gusta la camisa roja.", + "back": "A Paula le gusto la Camila Rosa", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Adjectives Used as Nouns", @@ -7175,12 +21431,36 @@ }, { "front": "También me gusta la camisa roja.", - "back": "Le gusta la roja.", + "back": "Le gusto la Rosa", "chapter": 22, "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Adjectives Used as Nouns", "sourceImage": "f0433-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "asearán", + "back": "nonsense word", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0435-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "los maderos", + "back": "logs", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Nombres", + "sourceImage": "f0435-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aguardar", + "back": "to keep", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0436-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el espanto", "back": "the fright", @@ -7220,12 +21500,372 @@ "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0436-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "sin rumbo", + "back": "without direction", + "chapter": 22, + "chapterTitle": "Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0436-03.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 23, "cards": [ + { + "front": "apretar", + "back": "apretado / squeezed, tightened", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0438-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aumentar", + "back": "aumentado / increased, augmented", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0438-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "beber", + "back": "bebido / drunk", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comer", + "back": "comido / eaten", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "entender", + "back": "entendido / understood", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "perder", + "back": "perdido / lost", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "side / been", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "torcer", + "back": "torcido / trusted", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "advertir", + "back": "advertizdo / warned", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "convertir", + "back": "converted / converted", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "Dorado / slept", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hervir", + "back": "hervido / boiled", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ir", + "back": "idk / gone", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "oprimir", + "back": "oprimido / pressed", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recibir", + "back": "recibido / received", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0439-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "atraer", + "back": "atraído / attracted", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caer", + "back": "caído / fallen", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "creer", + "back": "creído / believed", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "leer", + "back": "leído / read", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "traer", + "back": "traído / brought", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "construir", + "back": "construed / constructed", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "destruir", + "back": "destruido / destroyed", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "huir", + "back": "hued / fled", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0440-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "abrir", + "back": "abierto / opened", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cubrir", + "back": "cubierto / covered", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "dacha / told, said", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escribir", + "back": "escrito / written", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "freír", + "back": "Fritz / fried", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "Hecht / done", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "morir", + "back": "Puerto / died", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "Puerto / put", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pudrir", + "back": "podrido / rotted", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "romper", + "back": "roti / broken", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ver", + "back": "Vito / seen", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "volver", + "back": "vielto / returned.", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "describir", + "back": "descrito / described", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "descubrir", + "back": "descubierto / discovered", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "devolver", + "back": "devuelto / returned (an object)", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "disolver", + "back": "disuelto / dissolved", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Irregular Past Participles", + "sourceImage": "f0440-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Dónde han estado Uds.?", + "back": "Where have you been!", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Formation of the Present Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0442-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Han salido las mujeres?", + "back": "Have the women left?", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Formation of the Present Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0442-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Mis invitados no han llegado.", + "back": "My guests haven't arrived", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Action Waited for or Hoped for", + "sourceImage": "f0443-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "He dormido aquí por cinco horas.", + "back": "I have slept here for five hours", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Action That Began in the Past and Continues to the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0444-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Hemos vivido en Londres por", + "back": "We have lived in London for", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Action That Began in the Past and Continues to the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0444-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿Te has duchado hoy?", "back": "Have you showered today?", @@ -7258,6 +21898,94 @@ "section": "Placement of Object Pronouns with the Present Perfect Tense", "sourceImage": "f0445-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Me alegro de haberte conocido.", + "back": "I'm glad to have met you.", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Los padres de Laura están muy", + "back": "Laura's parents are very happy", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "felices después de habernos", + "back": "after having seen us.", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Pedro está contento de haber", + "back": "Peter is happy to have closed", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerrado la puerta.", + "back": "the door.", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Está contento de haberla cerrado.", + "back": "He is happy to have closed it.", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Use of the Infinitive haber and the Past Participle", + "sourceImage": "f0446-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estar viejo", + "back": "to feel old", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "meterse", + "back": "to become involved", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "patinar", + "back": "to skate", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pelear", + "back": "to fight", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vagar", + "back": "to wander", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0450-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el contrato de arrendamiento", "back": "the lease", @@ -7297,12 +22025,68 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0450-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "año de por medio", + "back": "every other year", + "chapter": 23, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Tense", + "section": "Expresión", + "sourceImage": "f0450-04.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 24, "cards": [ + { + "front": "You knew (imperfect)", + "back": "that we had left. (past perfect)", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0451-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "I believed (preterit)", + "back": "that he had died. (past perfect)", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0452-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ellos vieron a la mujer", + "back": "que no había dicho nada.", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0452-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella sabía que él no me había", + "back": "She knew that he had't written", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0452-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escrito.", + "back": "to me.", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0452-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Me di cuenta de que ellos no", + "back": "I realized that they had't done it", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Past Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0452-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la pesadilla", "back": "the nightmare", @@ -7327,6 +22111,22 @@ "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0454-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "exhausto", + "back": "exhausted", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Adjetivos", + "sourceImage": "f0454-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿qué será?", + "back": "What could it be? (literally, What will", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Expresión", + "sourceImage": "f0455-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el restaurante preferido", "back": "the preferred restaurant", @@ -7375,6 +22175,14 @@ "section": "The Past Participle as an Adjective", "sourceImage": "f0456-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "El libro está escrito.", + "back": "The book is written.", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "The Past Participle as an Adjective with estar", + "sourceImage": "f0457-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "la canción.", "back": "The musicians are going to record", @@ -7518,14 +22326,94 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", "section": "The Past Participle with ser and the Passive Voice", "sourceImage": "f0461-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "apresurarse", + "back": "to hurry", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "enviar", + "back": "to send", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caerse", + "back": "to fall down", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "romperse", + "back": "to break", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dirigirse", + "back": "to make one's way,", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "viniera", + "back": "came (past subjunctive", + "chapter": 24, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0462-01.jpg" } ] }, { "chapter": 25, "cards": [ + { + "front": "yo cantaré", + "back": "I will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nosotros cantaremos", + "back": "we will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú cantarás", + "back": "you will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "vosotros cantaréis", + "back": "you will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "él cantará", "back": "he will sing", "chapter": 25, "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", @@ -7534,6 +22422,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellos cantarán", + "back": "they will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella cantará", "back": "she will sing", "chapter": 25, "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", @@ -7542,6 +22438,14 @@ }, { "front": "ellas cantarán", + "back": "they will sing", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. cantará", "back": "you will sing", "chapter": 25, "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", @@ -7550,12 +22454,92 @@ }, { "front": "Uds. cantarán", - "back": "nosotros cantaremos", + "back": "you will sing", "chapter": 25, "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", "section": "-Ar Verbs", "sourceImage": "f0465-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "yo asistiré", + "back": "nosotros asistiremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0468-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cumpliré", + "back": "nosotros cumpliremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "-Ir Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0468-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cabré", + "back": "nosotros cabremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo diré", + "back": "nosotros diremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo haré", + "back": "nosotros haremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo podré", + "back": "nosotros podremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pondré", + "back": "nosotros pondremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo querré", + "back": "nosotros querremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0470-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuánto valdrá?", + "back": "How much will it be worth?", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0471-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo vendré", + "back": "nosotros vendremos", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0471-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿Habrá clases de literatura", "back": "Will there be literature classes", @@ -7564,6 +22548,70 @@ "section": "Irregular Verbs", "sourceImage": "f0471-04.jpg" }, + { + "front": "Serán las diez.", + "back": "It's probably ten o'clock.", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0476-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Dónde estará Enrique?", + "back": "I wonder where Henry is.", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Estará en casa.", + "back": "He's probably at home.", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Quién será?", + "back": "I wonder who that is. /", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuántos años tendrán ellas?", + "back": "I wonder how old they are. /", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "No vendrá hoy.", + "back": "He probably won't come today", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present", + "sourceImage": "f0477-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Bailamos el viernes.", + "back": "We'll dance on Friday", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing the Future Using the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0477-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿ Camino a la derecha?", + "back": "Shall I walk to the right:", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Expressing the Future Using the Present Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0477-03.jpg" + }, { "front": "¿Nos dan Uds. regalos?", "back": "Will you bring him flowers?", @@ -7684,6 +22732,30 @@ "section": "Uses of the Future Perfect Tense", "sourceImage": "f0480-02.jpg" }, + { + "front": "cuidar", + "back": "to take care of, to care for", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0482-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "encontrarse", + "back": "to meet", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0482-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "votar", + "back": "to note", + "chapter": 25, + "chapterTitle": "The Future Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0482-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el amante", "back": "the lover", @@ -7745,6 +22817,150 @@ { "chapter": 26, "cards": [ + { + "front": "Ud. volvería", + "back": "Us volverian", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0485-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "8l saldría yo saldría tú saldrías", + "back": "Ellis saldrian", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0487-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuánto vale?", + "back": "How much is it worth?", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Cuánto valdría?", + "back": "How much would it be worth?", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Valdría la pena.", + "back": "It would be worth the trouble.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Sin estudiantes, no habría", + "back": "Without students, there would be", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "universidades.", + "back": "no universities.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Habría comida sin plantas?", + "back": "Would there be food without plants?", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contradecir to contradict", + "back": "contradiría, etc", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "deshacer to undo", + "back": "desharía. etc.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Irregular Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0488-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo te prestaría mi carro, pero", + "back": "I would lend my car to you, but", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0490-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "está en el taller de mecánico.", + "back": "it is in the shop.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0490-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Te interesaría comprarlo?", + "back": "Would it interest you to buy it?", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns", + "sourceImage": "f0490-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Quién estaría haciendo ruido?", + "back": "Who would be making noise?", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo estaría tocando el piano,", + "back": "I would be playing the piano,", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pero me lesioné las manos.", + "back": "but I hurt my hands.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Las parejas estarían bailando,", + "back": "The couples would be dancing", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pero se cansaron.", + "back": "but they got tired.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Progressive Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0494-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "Nos habríamos quedado, pero", "back": "We would have stayed, but", @@ -7755,11 +22971,59 @@ }, { "front": "no nos gustó la situación.", - "back": "we didn't like the situation", + "back": "we did't like the situation", "chapter": 26, "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", "section": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense", "sourceImage": "f0494-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ella habría ido a España este", + "back": "She would have gone to Spain", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0495-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mes, pero no tenía tiempo.", + "back": "this month, but she did't", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0495-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pero se te pasó el deseo.", + "back": "but you lost the desire.", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Uses of the Conditional Perfect Tense", + "sourceImage": "f0495-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "aprender de memoria", + "back": "to learn by heart, to memorize", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0497-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "copiar", + "back": "to copy", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0497-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "lesionarse", + "back": "to get hurt", + "chapter": 26, + "chapterTitle": "The Conditional Tense", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0497-01.jpg" } ] }, @@ -7774,6 +23038,38 @@ "section": "Uses of the Present Perfect Subjunctive", "sourceImage": "f0499-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "atreverse (a)", + "back": "to dare (to)", + "chapter": 27, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "bucear", + "back": "to snorkel, to skin dive", + "chapter": 27, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recoger", + "back": "to pick up", + "chapter": 27, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "suspirar", + "back": "to sigh", + "chapter": 27, + "chapterTitle": "The Present Perfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Verbos", + "sourceImage": "f0503-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "el abrigo", "back": "the coat", @@ -7915,6 +23211,646 @@ { "chapter": 28, "cards": [ + { + "front": "bailar", + "back": "bailó", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo bailara", + "back": "nosotros bailáramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cantar", + "back": "cantó", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cantara", + "back": "nosotros cantáramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "cerrar", + "back": "cerró", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cerrara", + "back": "nosotros cerráramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "recordar", + "back": "recordó", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo recordara", + "back": "nosotros recordáramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Imperfect Subjunctive of -ar Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "beber", + "back": "bebió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo bebiera", + "back": "nosotros bebiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "comer", + "back": "comió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo comiera", + "back": "nosotros comiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0506-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "conocer", + "back": "conoció", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo conociera", + "back": "nosotros conociéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "entender", + "back": "entendió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo entendiera", + "back": "nosotros entendiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ver", + "back": "via", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viera", + "back": "nosotros viéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "volver", + "back": "volvió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo volviera", + "back": "nosotros volviéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "abrir", + "back": "abrió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo abriera", + "back": "nosotros abriéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "escribir", + "back": "escribió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo escribiera", + "back": "nosotros escribiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "salir", + "back": "salió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo saliera", + "back": "nosotros saliéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "vivir", + "back": "vivió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viviera", + "back": "nosotros viviéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0507-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "mentir", + "back": "mintió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo mintiera", + "back": "nosotros mintiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "pedir", + "back": "pidió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pidiera", + "back": "nosotros pidiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "seguir", + "back": "siguió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo siguiera", + "back": "nosotros siguiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dormir", + "back": "durmió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo durmiera", + "back": "nosotros durmiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "morirse", + "back": "se murió", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me muriera", + "back": "nos muriéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "-Er Verbs", + "sourceImage": "f0508-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "andar", + "back": "anduvo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0508-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo anduviera", + "back": "nosotros anduviéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0508-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "caber", + "back": "cups", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo cupiera", + "back": "nosotros cupiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "dar", + "back": "did", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo diera", + "back": "nosotros diéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "estar", + "back": "estuvo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo estuviera", + "back": "nosotros estuviéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hacer", + "back": "hilo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo hiciera", + "back": "nosotros hiciéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poder", + "back": "judo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pudiera", + "back": "nosotros pudiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "poner", + "back": "push", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pusiera", + "back": "nosotros pusiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "querer", + "back": "queso", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quisiera", + "back": "nosotros quisiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "saber", + "back": "sup", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo supiera", + "back": "nosotros supiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tener", + "back": "to", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo tuviera", + "back": "nosotros tuviéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "venir", + "back": "vino", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo viniera", + "back": "nosotros viniéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ellos vinieran", + "back": "vosotros vinierais", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0509-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "decir", + "back": "dojo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo dijera", + "back": "nosotros dijéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "producir", + "back": "produce", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo produjera", + "back": "nosotros produjéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "traer", + "back": "Trejo", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "o trajer:", + "back": "nosotros trajéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ser", + "back": "fun", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo fuera", + "back": "nosotros fuéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ir", + "back": "fun", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo fuera", + "back": "nosotros fuéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Irregular Stems in the Preterit", + "sourceImage": "f0510-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "al fin y al cabo", + "back": "after all", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0519-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "e indecisa", + "back": "and indecisive (When expressing and in", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0519-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el pasaje de ida y vuelta", + "back": "round-trip ticket", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0519-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Conoció Ud. a alguien que", + "back": "Did you meet anyone who knew", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "supiera hablar chino?", + "back": "how to speak Chinese?", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Yo había buscado una piscina", + "back": "I had looked for a pool that was", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "que quedara cerca de mi casa.", + "back": "located near my house.", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Nunca encontramos a nadie", + "back": "We never found anyone who was", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "que siempre tuviera razón.", + "back": "always right.", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Dependent Adjective Clauses", + "sourceImage": "f0520-02.jpg" + }, { "front": "Ojalá que fuera verdad.", "back": "Would to God that it were true.", @@ -7931,14 +23867,6 @@ "section": "After Certain Expressions", "sourceImage": "f0520-03.jpg" }, - { - "front": "conmigo.", - "back": "with me.", - "chapter": 28, - "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", - "section": "After Certain Expressions", - "sourceImage": "f0520-03.jpg" - }, { "front": "Ojalá que pudiera hacerlo.", "back": "I hope that you were able to do it", @@ -7946,6 +23874,134 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", "section": "After Certain Expressions", "sourceImage": "f0520-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. le trata como si fuera niño.", + "back": "You treat him as if he were a child", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0520-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo quisiera", + "back": "nosotros quisiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú quisieras", + "back": "vosotros quisierais", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Ud. quisiera", + "back": "Us quisieran", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "yo pudiera", + "back": "nosotros pudiéramos", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "tú pudieras", + "back": "vosotros pudierais", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "ella pudiera", + "back": "Ella's pudieran", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Puedes prestarme diez dólares?", + "back": "Can you lend me ten dollars?", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "¿Pudieras prestarme diez dólares?", + "back": "Could you lend me ten dollars:", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After Certain Expressions", + "sourceImage": "f0521-05.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Si él tuviera más tiempo,", + "back": "If he had more time, he would", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0524-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "me traería flores.", + "back": "bring me flowers.", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0524-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Si tú vas, yo iré también.", + "back": "If you go, I will go too.", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Si ellos vienen a verme, estaré", + "back": "If they come to see me, 1 will be", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "contenta.", + "back": "happy.", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "Si Lola quiere asistir a una", + "back": "If Lola wants to attend a university,", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "universidad, sus padres", + "back": "her parents will pay the first year", + "chapter": 28, + "chapterTitle": "The Imperfect Subjunctive", + "section": "After si in a Contrary-to-Fact si -clause", + "sourceImage": "f0525-02.jpg" } ] }, @@ -8002,7 +24058,7 @@ }, { "front": "México.", - "back": "Merico.", + "back": "Mexico", "chapter": 29, "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "section": "After Certain Impersonal Expressions", @@ -8106,7 +24162,7 @@ }, { "front": "direcciones, él habría llegado", - "back": "Si Paulo hubiera seguido las", + "back": "So Paulo Huber segued las", "chapter": 29, "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "section": "The Contrary-to-Fact Conditional si- clause in the Past", @@ -8290,7 +24346,7 @@ }, { "front": "que ellos hayan llamado.", - "back": "Yo espero", + "back": "Yo Estero", "chapter": 29, "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "section": "Reference Chart: Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Mood", @@ -8306,7 +24362,7 @@ }, { "front": "que él haya llamado.", - "back": "Estoy esperando", + "back": "EST Esperanto", "chapter": 29, "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "section": "Reference Chart: Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive Mood", @@ -8527,6 +24583,14 @@ "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", "section": "Nombres", "sourceImage": "f0543-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "nublado", + "back": "clouds", + "chapter": 29, + "chapterTitle": "The Past Perfect Subjunctive", + "section": "Adjetivo", + "sourceImage": "f0543-02.jpg" } ] }, @@ -8535,14 +24599,14 @@ "cards": [ { "front": "tener _", - "back": "to be", + "back": "_ años", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", "section": "With tener", "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "_ años", + "front": "to be", "back": "- Years old", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", @@ -8550,116 +24614,60 @@ "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener calor", - "back": "to be hot", + "front": "echar de menos", + "back": "to miss (a person or place,", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With echar", + "sourceImage": "f0548-04.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener celos", - "back": "to be jealous", + "front": "echar flores", + "back": "to flatter", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With echar", + "sourceImage": "f0548-04.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener cuidado", - "back": "to be careful", + "front": "echarse a llorar", + "back": "to burst out crying", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With echar", + "sourceImage": "f0548-04.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener dolor de (cabeza)", - "back": "to have a (head)ache", + "front": "hace buen/mal tiempo", + "back": "it's good/bad weather", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With hacer", + "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener envidia", - "back": "to be envious", + "front": "hace calor", + "back": "it's hot/warm", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With hacer", + "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener éxito", - "back": "to be successful, to have success", + "front": "hace frío", + "back": "it's cold", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With hacer", + "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg" }, { - "front": "tener frío", - "back": "to be cold", + "front": "hace viento", + "back": "it's windy", "chapter": 30, "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener ganas de", - "back": "to want, to desire", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener hambre", - "back": "to be hungry", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener la culpa", - "back": "to take the blame, to be at fault", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener la palabra", - "back": "to have the floor", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener lugar", - "back": "to take place", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener mala cara", - "back": "to look bad", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" - }, - { - "front": "tener miedo de", - "back": "to be afraid of, to have fear of", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tener", - "sourceImage": "f0547-01.jpg" + "section": "With hacer", + "sourceImage": "f0548-05.jpg" }, { "front": "hacer caso a", @@ -8733,6 +24741,38 @@ "section": "With hacer", "sourceImage": "f0549-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "hay cupo", + "back": "there is space", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "With hay", + "sourceImage": "f0549-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "hay que", + "back": "it is necessary", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "With hay", + "sourceImage": "f0549-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "meter la pata", + "back": "to put one's foot in one's mouth", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "With meter", + "sourceImage": "f0549-04.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "meterse en donde no le llaman", + "back": "to meddle", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "With meter", + "sourceImage": "f0549-04.jpg" + }, { "front": "poner a alguien por las nubes", "back": "to heap praise on someone", @@ -8829,14 +24869,6 @@ "section": "With tomar", "sourceImage": "f0550-01.jpg" }, - { - "front": "tomarle el pelo", - "back": "to pull someones leg", - "chapter": 30, - "chapterTitle": "Idioms", - "section": "With tomar", - "sourceImage": "f0550-01.jpg" - }, { "front": "tomárselo con calma", "back": "to take it easy", @@ -8893,6 +24925,70 @@ "section": "Present", "sourceImage": "f0552-01.jpg" }, + { + "front": "1. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaba Lorena", + "back": "How much time was Lorena", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esperando el bus cuando llegó?", + "back": "carrying waiting for the bus", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "2. ¿Desde cuándo esperaba ella", + "back": "Since when was she waiting", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "el bus cuando llegó?", + "back": "for the bus when it arrived?", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "3. ¿Cuánto tiempo hacía que ella", + "back": "How much time did it make", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esperaba el bus cuando llegó?", + "back": "that she was waiting for the", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0552-02.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "3. Hacía media hora que ella", + "back": "It made a half hour that she", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0553-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "esperaba cuando el bus llegó.", + "back": "was waiting when the bus", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Past", + "sourceImage": "f0553-01.jpg" + }, { "front": "absolver", "back": "to absolve", @@ -8980,6 +25076,22 @@ "chapterTitle": "Idioms", "section": "Verbos", "sourceImage": "f0556-01.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "en cuanto a", + "back": "in regard to", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0556-03.jpg" + }, + { + "front": "puesto que", + "back": "since", + "chapter": 30, + "chapterTitle": "Idioms", + "section": "Expresiones", + "sourceImage": "f0556-03.jpg" } ] } diff --git a/Conjuga/ConjugaUITests/VocabGridTests.swift b/Conjuga/ConjugaUITests/VocabGridTests.swift new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84c4992 --- /dev/null +++ b/Conjuga/ConjugaUITests/VocabGridTests.swift @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +import XCTest + +final class VocabGridTests: XCTestCase { + + override func setUpWithError() throws { + continueAfterFailure = false + } + + /// Verifies the chapter reader renders vocab tables as a paired Spanish↔English grid. + func testChapter4VocabGrid() throws { + let app = XCUIApplication() + app.launchArguments += ["-onboardingComplete", "YES"] + app.launch() + + app.tabBars.buttons["Course"].tap() + + let textbookRow = app.buttons.containing(NSPredicate( + format: "label CONTAINS[c] 'Complete Spanish'" + )).firstMatch + XCTAssertTrue(textbookRow.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)) + textbookRow.tap() + + let ch4 = app.buttons["textbook-chapter-row-4"] + XCTAssertTrue(ch4.waitForExistence(timeout: 3)) + ch4.tap() + + attach(app, name: "01-ch4-top") + + // Tap the first vocab disclosure — "Vocabulary (N items)" + let vocabButton = app.buttons.matching(NSPredicate( + format: "label BEGINSWITH 'Vocabulary ('" + )).firstMatch + XCTAssertTrue(vocabButton.waitForExistence(timeout: 3)) + vocabButton.tap() + Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.4) + + attach(app, name: "02-ch4-vocab-open") + + // Scroll a little and screenshot a deeper vocab — numbers table is + // typically a few screens down in chapter 4. + app.swipeUp(velocity: .fast) + app.swipeUp(velocity: .fast) + attach(app, name: "03-ch4-deeper") + } + + private func attach(_ app: XCUIApplication, name: String) { + let s = app.screenshot() + let a = XCTAttachment(screenshot: s) + a.name = name + a.lifetime = .keepAlways + add(a) + } +} diff --git a/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/fix_vocab.py b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/fix_vocab.py index 50c7dd0..ecee805 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/fix_vocab.py +++ b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/fix_vocab.py @@ -173,14 +173,17 @@ def main() -> None: kept_cards.append(card) continue - # Quarantine obvious mis-pairs: both sides same language OR language mismatch + # Quarantine only clear mis-pairs: both sides EXPLICITLY the wrong + # language (both Spanish or both English). "unknown" sides stay — + # the bounding-box pipeline already handled orientation correctly + # and many valid pairs lack the article/accent markers we classify on. fes, fen = language_score(card["front"]) bes, ben = language_score(card["back"]) front_lang = "es" if fes > fen else ("en" if fen > fes else "unknown") back_lang = "es" if bes > ben else ("en" if ben > bes else "unknown") - # A good card has front=es, back=en. Anything else when the card is - # flagged is almost always a column-pairing error. - if front_lang != "es" or back_lang != "en": + bothSameLang = (front_lang == "es" and back_lang == "es") or (front_lang == "en" and back_lang == "en") + reversed_pair = front_lang == "en" and back_lang == "es" + if bothSameLang or reversed_pair: quarantined_cards.append({ "chapter": ch["chapter"], "front": card["front"], diff --git a/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/merge_pdf_into_book.py b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/merge_pdf_into_book.py index 326f2c6..01aff77 100644 --- a/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/merge_pdf_into_book.py +++ b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/merge_pdf_into_book.py @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ CHAPTERS_JSON = HERE / "chapters.json" ANSWERS_JSON = HERE / "answers.json" OCR_JSON = HERE / "ocr.json" PDF_OCR_JSON = HERE / "pdf_ocr.json" +PAIRED_VOCAB_JSON = HERE / "paired_vocab.json" # bounding-box pairs (preferred) OUT_BOOK = HERE / "book.json" OUT_VOCAB = HERE / "vocab_cards.json" @@ -222,7 +223,9 @@ def main() -> None: epub_ocr = load(OCR_JSON) pdf_ocr_raw = load(PDF_OCR_JSON) if PDF_OCR_JSON.exists() else {} pdf_pages = build_pdf_page_index(pdf_ocr_raw) if pdf_ocr_raw else {} + paired_vocab = load(PAIRED_VOCAB_JSON) if PAIRED_VOCAB_JSON.exists() else {} print(f"Mapped {len(pdf_pages)} PDF pages to book page numbers") + print(f"Loaded bounding-box pairs for {len(paired_vocab)} vocab images") # Build a global set of EPUB narrative lines (for subtraction when pulling vocab) narrative_set = set() @@ -279,19 +282,48 @@ def main() -> None: if repairs > 0: merged_pages += 1 - derived = build_vocab_cards_for_block( + # Prefer bounding-box pairs (from paired_vocab.json) when + # present. Fall back to the block-alternation heuristic. + bbox = paired_vocab.get(src, {}) + bbox_pairs = bbox.get("pairs", []) if isinstance(bbox, dict) else [] + heuristic = build_vocab_cards_for_block( {"src": src}, {"lines": merged_lines, "confidence": merged_conf}, ch, current_section_title, bi ) - all_vocab_cards.extend(derived) + + if bbox_pairs: + cards_for_block = [ + {"front": p["es"], "back": p["en"]} + for p in bbox_pairs + if p.get("es") and p.get("en") + ] + # Also feed the flashcard deck + for p in bbox_pairs: + if p.get("es") and p.get("en"): + all_vocab_cards.append({ + "front": p["es"], + "back": p["en"], + "chapter": ch["number"], + "chapterTitle": ch["title"], + "section": current_section_title, + "sourceImage": src, + }) + pair_source = "bbox" + else: + cards_for_block = [{"front": c["front"], "back": c["back"]} for c in heuristic] + all_vocab_cards.extend(heuristic) + pair_source = "heuristic" + out_blocks.append({ "kind": "vocab_table", "sourceImage": src, "ocrLines": merged_lines, "ocrConfidence": merged_conf, - "cardCount": len(derived), - "source": "pdf-repaired" if repairs > 0 else ("epub" if epub_lines else "pdf"), + "cardCount": len(cards_for_block), + "cards": cards_for_block, + "columnCount": bbox.get("columnCount", 2) if isinstance(bbox, dict) else 2, + "source": pair_source, "bookPage": book_page, "repairs": repairs, }) diff --git a/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/ocr_all_vocab.swift b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/ocr_all_vocab.swift new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6d5b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/Conjuga/Scripts/textbook/ocr_all_vocab.swift @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env swift +// Bounding-box OCR over every vocab image, producing Spanish→English pairs. +// Much higher accuracy than the flat-OCR block-alternation heuristic because +// we use each recognized line's position on the page: rows are clustered by +// Y-coordinate and cells within a row are split by the biggest X gap. +// +// Usage: swift ocr_all_vocab.swift + +import Foundation +import Vision +import AppKit + +guard CommandLine.arguments.count >= 4 else { + print("Usage: swift ocr_all_vocab.swift ") + exit(1) +} + +let imageListURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[1]) +let oebpsDir = URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[2]) +let outputURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[3]) + +guard let listData = try? Data(contentsOf: imageListURL), + let imageNames = try? JSONDecoder().decode([String].self, from: listData) else { + print("Could not load image list at \(imageListURL.path)") + exit(1) +} +print("Processing \(imageNames.count) images...") + +struct RecognizedLine { + let text: String + let cx: Double + let cy: Double + let confidence: Double +} + +struct Pair: Encodable { + var es: String + var en: String + var confidence: Double +} + +struct ImageResult: Encodable { + var pairs: [Pair] + var columnCount: Int + var strategy: String + var lineCount: Int +} + +let spanishAccents = Set(["á","é","í","ó","ú","ñ","ü","Á","É","Í","Ó","Ú","Ñ","Ü","¿","¡"]) +let spanishArticles: Set = ["el","la","los","las","un","una","unos","unas"] +let englishStarters: Set = ["the","a","an","to","my","his","her","our","their","your"] +let englishOnly: Set = ["the","he","she","it","we","they","is","are","was","were","been","have","has","had","will","would"] + +func classify(_ s: String) -> String { + let lower = s.lowercased() + if lower.contains(where: { spanishAccents.contains($0) }) { return "es" } + let first = lower.split(separator: " ").first.map(String.init)?.trimmingCharacters(in: .punctuationCharacters) ?? "" + if spanishArticles.contains(first) { return "es" } + if englishStarters.contains(first) || englishOnly.contains(first) { return "en" } + return "?" +} + +func recognize(_ cgImage: CGImage) -> [RecognizedLine] { + let handler = VNImageRequestHandler(cgImage: cgImage, options: [:]) + let req = VNRecognizeTextRequest() + req.recognitionLevel = .accurate + req.recognitionLanguages = ["es-ES", "es", "en-US"] + req.usesLanguageCorrection = true + if #available(macOS 13.0, *) { req.automaticallyDetectsLanguage = true } + try? handler.perform([req]) + var out: [RecognizedLine] = [] + for obs in req.results ?? [] { + guard let top = obs.topCandidates(1).first else { continue } + let s = top.string.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces) + if s.isEmpty { continue } + let bb = obs.boundingBox + out.append(RecognizedLine( + text: s, + cx: Double(bb.origin.x + bb.width / 2), + cy: Double(1.0 - (bb.origin.y + bb.height / 2)), + confidence: Double(top.confidence) + )) + } + return out +} + +/// Split a sorted-by-X line group into cells by finding the largest gap(s). +/// `desiredCells` = 2 for 2-col, 4 for 2-pair, etc. +func splitRow(_ lines: [RecognizedLine], into desiredCells: Int) -> [String] { + guard lines.count >= desiredCells else { + // Merge into fewer cells: just concatenate left-to-right. + return [lines.map(\.text).joined(separator: " ")] + } + let sorted = lines.sorted { $0.cx < $1.cx } + // Find (desiredCells - 1) biggest gaps + var gaps: [(idx: Int, gap: Double)] = [] + for i in 1.. $1.gap } + .prefix(desiredCells - 1) + .map(\.idx) + .sorted() + var cells: [[RecognizedLine]] = [] + var start = 0 + for s in splitAt { + cells.append(Array(sorted[start.. [[RecognizedLine]] { + let sorted = lines.sorted { $0.cy < $1.cy } + var rows: [[RecognizedLine]] = [] + var current: [RecognizedLine] = [] + for l in sorted { + if let last = current.last, abs(l.cy - last.cy) > tol { + rows.append(current) + current = [l] + } else { + current.append(l) + } + } + if !current.isEmpty { rows.append(current) } + return rows +} + +/// Detect likely column count: look at how many x-cluster peaks exist across all rows. +/// Clusters X-coords from all lines into buckets of 10% width. +func detectColumnCount(_ lines: [RecognizedLine]) -> Int { + guard !lines.isEmpty else { return 2 } + let step = 0.10 + var buckets = [Int](repeating: 0, count: Int(1.0 / step) + 1) + for l in lines { + let b = min(max(0, Int(l.cx / step)), buckets.count - 1) + buckets[b] += 1 + } + // A peak = a bucket with count > 10% of total lines + let threshold = max(2, lines.count / 10) + let peaks = buckets.filter { $0 >= threshold }.count + // Most tables are 2-col (peaks = 2). Some 4-col (2 ES/EN pairs side by side → peaks = 4). + // Roman/decorative layouts may show 1 peak; treat as 2. + switch peaks { + case 0, 1, 2: return 2 + case 3: return 3 + default: return 4 + } +} + +/// Merge label-less cells into Spanish→English pairs. +/// `cells` is a row's cells (length = columnCount). For N=2, [es, en]. For N=4, +/// [es1, en1, es2, en2] (two pairs). For N=3, [es, en_short, en_long] (rare, merge). +func cellsToPairs(_ cells: [String], columnCount: Int) -> [(String, String)] { + switch columnCount { + case 2 where cells.count >= 2: + return [(cells[0], cells[1])] + case 3 where cells.count >= 3: + // 3-col source: es | en | en-alternate. Keep all three by merging EN sides. + return [(cells[0], [cells[1], cells[2]].joined(separator: " / "))] + case 4 where cells.count >= 4: + return [(cells[0], cells[1]), (cells[2], cells[3])] + default: + if cells.count >= 2 { return [(cells[0], cells.dropFirst().joined(separator: " "))] } + return [] + } +} + +/// Swap pair if orientation is backwards (English on left, Spanish on right). +func orientPair(_ pair: (String, String)) -> (String, String) { + let (a, b) = pair + let ca = classify(a), cb = classify(b) + if ca == "en" && cb == "es" { return (b, a) } + return pair +} + +var results: [String: ImageResult] = [:] +var processed = 0 +let startTime = Date() + +for name in imageNames { + processed += 1 + let url = oebpsDir.appendingPathComponent(name) + guard let nsImg = NSImage(contentsOf: url), + let tiff = nsImg.tiffRepresentation, + let rep = NSBitmapImageRep(data: tiff), + let cg = rep.cgImage else { + continue + } + let lines = recognize(cg) + if lines.isEmpty { + results[name] = ImageResult(pairs: [], columnCount: 2, strategy: "empty", lineCount: 0) + continue + } + + let columnCount = detectColumnCount(lines) + let rows = groupRows(lines, tol: 0.025) + var pairs: [Pair] = [] + for row in rows { + guard row.count >= 2 else { continue } + let cells = splitRow(row, into: columnCount) + let rawPairs = cellsToPairs(cells, columnCount: columnCount) + for p in rawPairs { + let (es, en) = orientPair(p) + if es.count < 1 || en.count < 1 { continue } + let avgConf = row.reduce(0.0) { $0 + $1.confidence } / Double(row.count) + pairs.append(Pair(es: es, en: en, confidence: avgConf)) + } + } + results[name] = ImageResult( + pairs: pairs, + columnCount: columnCount, + strategy: "bbox-row-split", + lineCount: lines.count + ) + + if processed % 50 == 0 || processed == imageNames.count { + let elapsed = Date().timeIntervalSince(startTime) + let rate = Double(processed) / max(elapsed, 0.001) + let eta = Double(imageNames.count - processed) / max(rate, 0.001) + print(String(format: "%d/%d %.1f img/s eta %.0fs", processed, imageNames.count, rate, eta)) + } +} + +let enc = JSONEncoder() +enc.outputFormatting = [.sortedKeys] +try enc.encode(results).write(to: outputURL) +let totalPairs = results.values.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.pairs.count } +let emptyTables = results.values.filter { $0.pairs.isEmpty }.count +print("Wrote \(results.count) results, \(totalPairs) total pairs, \(emptyTables) unpaired")