{
  "chapter_id": "19",
  "slug": "combining-dops-iops",
  "title": "Combining DOPs & IOPs",
  "time_range_sec": [4570, 5034],
  "summary": "When using both indirect and direct object pronouns, the IOP comes first; if both pronouns begin with l- (le/les + lo/la/los/las), le/les changes to se.",
  "suggested_grammar_note_id": "object-pronouns",
  "rules": [
    {
      "title": "Order and placement",
      "bullets": [
        "Indirect object pronoun comes before direct object pronoun (ID order).",
        "Both pronouns go before the conjugated verb, or both attach together to the infinitive/gerund.",
        "You cannot split them: never one before the verb and one attached."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "le/les → se",
      "bullets": [
        "When le or les is followed by lo/la/los/las, le/les becomes se to avoid two l-pronouns in a row.",
        "se lo, se la, se los, se las are the only forms produced by this rule.",
        "Because se is ambiguous (him/her/you/them), add a clarifier: a él, a ella, a usted, a ellos, a ellas, a ustedes, or a + name."
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Written accents",
      "bullets": [
        "When both pronouns attach to an infinitive or gerund, a written accent is required on the original stressed vowel.",
        "Examples: comprándotelo, hacérselo, dárselo, leyéndoselo."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "examples": [
    {"es": "Yo te lo compro.", "en": "I buy it for you.", "tags": ["te-lo"]},
    {"es": "Ella me lo da.", "en": "She gives it to me.", "tags": ["me-lo"]},
    {"es": "Ella está dándomelo.", "en": "She is giving it to me.", "tags": ["gerund", "accent"]},
    {"es": "Tú estás mostrándonosla.", "en": "You are showing it to us.", "tags": ["nos-la", "gerund", "accent"]},
    {"es": "Ellos quieren presentártelos.", "en": "They want to present them to you.", "tags": ["te-los", "infinitive", "accent"]},
    {"es": "Ella se lo hace a él.", "en": "She makes it for him.", "tags": ["se-lo", "clarification"]},
    {"es": "Ella quiere hacérselo a él.", "en": "She wants to make it for him.", "tags": ["se-lo", "infinitive", "accent"]},
    {"es": "Ella se lo escribe a ella.", "en": "She writes it to her.", "tags": ["se-lo", "clarification-ella"]},
    {"es": "Tú se los lees a ellos.", "en": "You read them to them.", "tags": ["se-los"]},
    {"es": "Yo se lo estoy comprando a ellos.", "en": "I am buying it for them.", "tags": ["se-lo", "progressive"]},
    {"es": "Yo puedo hacérselo a él.", "en": "I can do it for him.", "tags": ["se-lo", "infinitive", "accent"]}
  ],
  "vocab": [
    {"es": "se lo", "en": "it to him/her/them (combined pronoun)", "pos": "phrase"},
    {"es": "hacer", "en": "to do/make", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "presentar", "en": "to present/introduce", "pos": "verb"},
    {"es": "mostrar", "en": "to show", "pos": "verb"}
  ],
  "conjugation_tables": [],
  "exercises": [
    {"sentence": "Ella _____ da. (it to me)", "correct": "me lo", "distractor": "lo me", "explanation": "IOP comes before DOP: me lo."},
    {"sentence": "Yo _____ compro a él. (it for him)", "correct": "se lo", "distractor": "le lo", "explanation": "le + lo → se lo to avoid two l-pronouns."},
    {"sentence": "Tú _____ lees a ellas. (them to them)", "correct": "se los", "distractor": "les los", "explanation": "les + los → se los."},
    {"sentence": "Ellos quieren present_____. (them to you)", "correct": "ártelos", "distractor": "artelos", "explanation": "When attaching both pronouns to an infinitive, add a written accent: presentártelos."},
    {"sentence": "Ella está dándo_____. (it to me)", "correct": "melo", "distractor": "lome", "explanation": "Order is me + lo when attached to gerund."},
    {"sentence": "Yo puedo hacér_____ a él. (it for him)", "correct": "selo", "distractor": "lelo", "explanation": "le → se before lo; result attached to infinitive needs accent: hacérselo."},
    {"sentence": "Ella se lo escribe _____ él.", "correct": "a", "distractor": "para", "explanation": "Clarification uses a + pronoun (the IOP construction)."},
    {"sentence": "Nosotros _____ damos. (it to you, sg.)", "correct": "te lo", "distractor": "lo te", "explanation": "IOP te before DOP lo."}
  ],
  "caveats": "Source garbled forms ('AOS', 'sayos'); reconstructed from grammar rules."
}
